Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisDiscusses regulatory and economic issues pertaining to the formulation of effective and safe red blood cell substitutes. This text examines regulatory and socioeconomic aspects of blood substitute products, and global tranfusion practices from the perspective of blood banks and the US Food and Drug Administrations.Table of ContentsUtilization - economic and regulatory issues: the impact of blood substitutes on blood banking world wide; potential use of red blood cells substitutes within the military; blood substitutes - unique regulatory aspects. Fundamental principles of oxygen transport : oxygen transport, oxygen carriers, and the transfusion trigger; microcirculatory consequences of blood substitutes with haemoglobin solutions; efficacy of perfluorocarbon-based emulsion as a temporary oxygen carrier; pathophysiology of oxygen utilization in haemorrhagic shock - studies with human recombinant haemoglobin. Interactions with organ systems: immunological alterations following haemorrhagic shock - considerations for resuscitation with blood substitutes; the effect of haemoglobin-based substitutes on kidney function; interactions of haemoglobin with the central nervous system. Interactions with molecular species: interactions between haemoglobin and bacterial endotoxin In Vitro and In Vivo. Alternative strategies and indications: encapsulation of haemoglobin in liposomes; the use of blood substitutes in tumour therapy; human haemoglobin derived from transgenic swine - a starting material for 'blood substitute' formulations. Clinical development: OptroTM (recombinant human haemoglobin) - a therapeutic for the delivery of oxygen and the restoration of blood volume in the treatment of acute blood loss in trauma and surgery; production, characterization, and clinical evaluation of hemolinkTM on o-raffinose cross-linked haemoglobin-based blood substitute; hemassistTM - development and clinical profile; the clinical development of human polymerized haemoglobin; oxypureTM - development of polymerized bovine haemoglobin; febluobronTM - development of an oxygen carrying perfluobronTM - development of an oxygen carrying perfluorocarbon. Future directions: future perspective of red cells substitutes.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the redox regulation of cell signaling responsible for oxidative stress and inflammatory tissue damage, this reference presents a comprehensive overview of research on the intracellular events mediating or preventing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes induced by endogenous and xenobiotic factors.Table of ContentsOxidants and Antioxidants: Mechanism of Action and Regulation of Gene Expression by Bio?avonoids. Transcriptional Regulation of Cellular Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Redox Regulation of In?ammatory Tissue Damage by Thioredoxin. Regulation of NF-kB-Driven In?ammatory Genes by Phytoestrogens. Nuclear Factor-kB as Target for Chemoprevention. Heme Oxygenase-1: An Emerging Major Cellular Defense Against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity. Biphasic Induction of HO-1 in Macrophages Treated with Lipopolysaccharide: Role of HO-1 Induction in Cell Survival from Oxidative Stress. The Role of Ga12 Proteins in the PKC and JNK-Dependent Induction of NOS by Thrombin. Actions of 8-Hydroxyguanine in DNA. Role of Oxidative Stress in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced In?ammation. Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Roles of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide in Liver Damage. Role of Oxidative Stress and In?ammatory Response in Smokers and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Association of Chronic In?ammation with Carcinogenesis: Implications of Anti-In?ammatory Strategies for Cancer Prevention. Molecular In?ammation as an Underlying Mechanism of Aging: The Anti-in?ammatory Action of Calorie Restriction. Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria: The Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Implications of In?ammatory Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomarkers for Evaluating Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Potentials. Resveratrol-A Unique Polyphenolic Antioxidant Present in Grape Skins and Red Wine-Is a Preventive Medicine Against a Variety of Degenerative Diseases. Molecular Mechanisms of Prevention Against Allergic Rhinitis by Aller-7, A Novel Polyherbal Formulation. Antioxidant Character of Selenium and Its Survival Signals by Activation of PI3-K/Akt Pathways. Neuroprotection by Rasagiline and Related Propargylamines Is Mediated by Suppression of Mitochondrial Death Signal and Induction of Antiapoptotic Genes. Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers coverage of the development of protein purification processes for large-scale commercial operations, and addresses process development, scale-up, applications and mathematical descriptions. Technologies currently used at the commercial scale are covered in depth.Trade Review"I recommend this thorough and valuable reference. "---BioPharm ". . .strongly recommended. "---European Journal of Pharmaceutics and BiopharmaceuticsTable of Contents"Organization and Strategy, Roger G. Harrison Analytical Considerations in the Development of Protein Purification Processes, Vincent Anicetti and William S. Hancock Cell Breakage, Cady R. Engler Crossflow Membrane Filtration, Zhi-Guo Su and Clark K. Cotton Liquid-Liquid Extraction, Dennis J. Kubek Differential Precipitation of Proteins: Science and Technology, Fred Rothstein Conventional Chromatography, John M. Simpson Biospecific Affinity Chromatography, Nikos K. Harakas Freeze Drying: A Practical Overview, Larry A. Gatlin and Steven L. Nail "

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Book SynopsisCarefully crafted to provide tightly focused and authoritative information, the Directory of Therapeutic Enzymes covers all approved therapeutic enzymes currently used in medicine. Written mainly by industry experts, the book includes information sourced directly from the company that developed or manufactured the product. It explores major development issues, from manufacturing and marketing to delivery of the finished product.Chapter 1 reviews applied enzymology while chapter 2 delineates theory and applications. Between them, the first two chapters set the appropriate backdrop for the remaining chapters, which focus on actual enzyme products that have gained regulatory approval for general medical use. The chapter authors discuss the biochemistry of the enzymes, the reactions they catalyze, how they are produced or manufactured, and their medical applications. The book highlights the many applications of approved therapeutic enzymes, including use in the treatment of blood-clotting disorders, certain cancers, and a variety of genetic disorders. Illustrated with tables and figures that support the text, the book is a single source of in-depth technical information.Table of ContentsApplied Enzymology, An Introduction. Enzyme Engineering. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA). Urokinase. (Activated) Protein C. Ancrod. Nuclease (Dnase). Glucocerebrosidase. L-Galactosidase. Urate Oxidase. Asparaginase. Factor Ixa. Superoxide Dismutase. Debriding and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Enzymes as Digestive Aids.

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Book SynopsisThis new manual provides a convenient source of experimental procedures, including the most modern and frequently used molecular and cellular techniques. Experimental protocols have been carefully selected by developmental toxicologists for developmental toxicologists. The most important new trends, such as evaluation of the safety of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides, studies of the role of cell death in abnormal development, and the identification of sparingly expressed developmental control genes are featured. This is the perfect manual for scientists trained in classical developmental toxicology who want to add molecular and cellular methods to their research.Table of ContentsPart I. Molecular Techniques -- Chapter 1. Molecular Techniques for Developmental Toxicology: An Introduction/George P Daston -- Chapter 2. Visualization of Gene Expression Patterns by In Situ Hybridization/ Urs Albrecht, Gregor Eichele, Jill A. Helms, and Hui-Chen Lu -- Chapter 3. Utilizing Transgenic Mice to Study Gene Regulation and Function/Michael R. Blackburn and Rodney E. Kellems -- Chapter 4. The Use of Antisense Oligonucleotide Technology and Mouse Whole-Embryo Culture to Study Gene Function During Organogenesis/Linda Foerst Potts and T W. Sadler -- Chapter 5. Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies/Richard H. Finnell, Scott J. Vacha, and Scott A. Mackler -- Part II. Protein Identification -- Chapter 6. Fundamentals of Protein Identification: Biochemical and Immunological Analysis of Developmentally Altered Protein Expression/Gerald B. Grunwald -- Chapter 7. Immunohistochemistry/Philip E. Mirkes and Sally A Little -- Part III. Cellular Techniques -- Chapter 8. Cellular Techniques for Teratological Cell Death/Thomas B. Knudsen -- Chapter 9. Applications of Flow Cytometry in Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology/Kenneth H. Elstein and Robert M. Zucker -- Chapter 10. Modern Techniques for Cell Labeling in Avian and Murine Embryos/Diana K. Darnell and Gary C. Schoenwolf -- Index.

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Book SynopsisContinuing the tradition set by the first and second editions, each a bestseller in its own right, the third edition of Immunotoxicology and Immunopharmacology provides reviews of environmental agents, updated to reflect the latest information on how these agents influence immune system function and health. For the first time in the book's history, an entire section covers the phylogeny and ontogeny of the immune system, spanning levels of biological complexity from earthworms to marine mammals.Table of ContentsImmunotoxicology and Hazard Identification. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Therapeutics. Environmental Agents. Immunotoxicology in the Lung. Developmental Immunotoxicity. Wildlife Immunotoxicology. Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases. Neuroimmunology. Allergy and Hypersensitivity.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents information regarding the mechanisms of protein absorption under normal and pathologic conditions, in addition to reviewing changes that occur at various stages of life. General modifiers of intestinal absorption, such as the processing of foods, the nutritional status of the individual, and disease, are explored with reference to both proteins and minerals. Inorganic macronutrients, namely calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, are discussed in relation to protein ingestion. The book also explores the concept of essential trace elements (e.g., iron, zinc, copper, and iodine) and their link to protein sufficiency. The relationship of ultratrace elements with the content of proteins in food is examined, and the book offers a fresh view of the role of certain elements, particularly zinc, on the conformation of proteins linked to DNA, hormone receptors, and gene products. Protein Nutrition and Mineral Absorption is packed with 2,300 references, 100 figures and graphs, pluTrade Review"This is a wonderful volume. It will be of great use to all of us involved in clinical nutrition and will serve as an excellent starting point for anyone wishing an introduction to this important field."-Journal of Parenteral and Enteral NutritionTable of ContentsMECHANISMS OF PROTEIN ABSORPTION. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. AMINO ACID VS. OLIGOPEPTIDE ABSORPTION. SMALL PEPTIDES AS THE MAJOR SUBSTRATES OF PROTEIN ABSORPTION. ABSORPTION OF INTACT PROTEINS. REFERENCES. EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND DISEASE ON PROTEIN ABSORPTION. INTRODUCTION. EFFECT OF PROTEIN DEFICIENCY ON AMINO ACID AND OLIGOPEPTIDE ABSORPTION. DIETARY AND METABOLIC REGULATION OF AMINO ACID ABSORPTION. ABSORPTION OF INTACT PROTEINS IN NUTRITIONAL DEPRIVATION. EFFECT OF MATERNAL PROTEIN RESTRICTION ON NEONATAL PROTEIN ABSORPTION. ABSORPTION OF PROTEIN IN ACQUIRED DISEASE. General Considerations. Celiac Disease (Sprue). Renal Disease. ABSORPTION OF PROTEIN IN CONGENITAL DISEASE. General Considerations. Cystinuria. Familial Protein Intolerance. Hyperdibasic Aminoaciduria. Neutral Amino Acid Malabsorption Syndromes. Iminoglycinuria. Lowe's Syndrome. Congenital Agammaglobulinemia. Peptiduria Associated with Aminopeptidase-P Deficiency. REFERENCES. DEVELOPMENTAL FACTORS IN PROTEIN AND MINERAL ABSORPTION. INTRODUCTION. ONTOGENY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Morphology. Development of the Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier. Membrane Composition and Rheologic Properties. DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN ABSORPTION MECHANISMS. Enzymatic Ontogeny. The Mammalian Intestine. Ontogeny of Human Protein Absorptive Mechanisms. Ontogeny of Amino Acid and Dipeptide Absorptive Mechanisms. Hormonal Control of Enzymatic Maturation. Role of Diet in the Development of Intestinal Absorptive Function. ONTOGENY OF MINERAL ABSORPTION. General Considerations. Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus. Iron. Zinc and Copper. Other Elements. PROTEIN AND MINERAL ABSORPTION LATE IN LIFE. Protein. Minerals. REFERENCES. EFFECT OF FOOD SOURCES AND PROCESSING ON PROTEIN AND MINERAL ABSORPTION. GENERAL. IMPORTANCE OF FOOD SOURCES. PHYSICAL TREATMENTS. Milling, Polishing, and Other Mechanical Processes. Heating. Cooking. Dehydration. Water Extraction. Leaching. Washing. Freezing/Thawing. Osmotic Alteration. Storage (Aging). Packaging. Emulsification, Homogenization, Gellification. CHEMICAL TREATMENTS. Oxidation, Reduction. Schiff Base Formation. Maillard Reactions. Browning. Acidification. Alkalinization. Sequestration. Natural Chelating Agents. Chemical Processing with Macro-Additives: Salt, Curing. REFERENCES. CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS ABSORPTION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND EFFECT OF PROTEINS. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF CALCIUM ABSORPTION. Calcium in Foods and Its Bioavailability. Mucosal Receptors at the Brush Border Mucosa. Transcellular Transport of Calcium. Effects of Protein Nutrition on Calcium Metabolic Balance. Protein-Calcium-Phosphorus Interactions. Osteoporosis. Overview of Calcium-Protein-Phosphate Interactions. NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS AND MECHANISMS OF MAGNESIUM ABSORPTION. Magnesium Requirements and Absorption. Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Magnesium Sufficiency. Studies Relating Protein and Magnesium Absorption and Sufficiency. Magnesium and Calcium Imbalances in Metabolic Disease. PHOSPHATE ABSORPTION, CATION BALANCE REGULATION, AND PROTEIN INTAKE. Dietary Phosphate and Intestinal Absorptive Mechanisms. The Phosphate-Calcium-Protein Connection. REFERENCES. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS, PROTEINS, AND THE ABSORPTION OF IRON AND COBALT. IRON CHEMISTRY AND DETERMINANTS OF THE SOLUBILITY OF THE ELEMENT. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF IRON. Luminal Factors. Mucosal Factors. Corporeal Factors. PROTEIN DERIVED PRODUCTS AND IRON ABSORPTION. Historical Background. Animal Proteins. Amino Acids. Peptides. PROTEIN NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND INTERACTIONS WITH IRON ABSORPTION. DEFECTS IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF IRON. Idiopathic Hemochromatosis. Iron Malabsorption. PROTEIN AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE ABSORPTION OF COBALT. Cobalt as a Possible Essential Trace Element. Essentiality of Cobalt and Cobalamines. Absorption of Vitamin B12 and of Cobalt. Attempts at Pharmacologic Uses of Cobalt. Toxicity of Cobalt. REFERENCES. ZINC ABSORPTION AND SUFFICIENCY AS AFFECTED BY PROTEIN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS. SIGNIFICANCE OF ZINC AS AN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT. Requirements of Zinc by Vegetables and in the Animal Kingdom. Role of Zinc in Biological Processes. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF ZINC. Luminal and Dietary Factors. Mucosal Factors. Corporeal Factors. PROTEIN-DERIVED PRODUCTS AND ZINC ABSORPTION. Introduction. Amino Acids. Peptides. Proteins. ZINC MALABSORPTION. Congenital Conditions. Acquired Malabsorption. REFERENCES. COPPER ABSORPTION AND BODY DISTRIBUTION: ROLE OF PROTEIN AND OTHER NUTRIENTS. ROLE OF COPPER IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS. Biological Roles of Copper. MECHANISMS FOR THE LUMINAL REMOVAL OF COPPER AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. Transport Across Membranes. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF COPPER. Ecological and Geographical Considerations. Luminal Factors. Mucosal Factors. Somatic Factors. PROTEIN-DERIVED PRODUCTS AND COPPER ABSORPTION. Amino Acid Participation in Copper Transport Mechanisms. Effect of Proteins and Protein Breakdown Products. INTERACTION OF OTHER ELEMENTS ON COPPER ABSORPTION. Inhibition of Copper Absorption by Zinc. Copper-Zinc Imbalance, Cholesterol, and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. GENETIC DISEASES OF COPPER ABSORPTION AND HOMEOSTASIS. Defects in Copper Uptake, Distribution, and Excretion. REFERENCES. NUTRITIONAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS AFFECTING SELENIUM, CHROMIUM, AND NICKEL SUFFICIENCY. SELENIUM. Selenium as a Nutrient and as a Potential Toxic Agent. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF SELENIUM. SELENIUM ADSORPTION FROM HIGH PORTEIN PRODUCTS. CHROMIUM. Chromium Chemistry and the Evidence of Nutritional Essentiality. Chromium Absorption and Tissue Distribution. Biological Roles of Chromium. Chromium Nutrition in Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Stress, and TPN. NICKEL. REFERENCES. NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN AND OTHER FOODSTUFFS ON THE ABSORPTION OF MANGANESE, MOLYBDENUM, AND VANADIUM. MANGANESE. Role of Manganese in Biological Processes. Nutritional Requirements in Man and Animals. Manganese Deficiency and Toxicity. Factors Involved in the Intestinal Absorption of Manganese. Protein-Derived Products and Manganese Absorption. MOLYBDENUM. Occurrence of Molybdenum in Nature. Its Passage Through the Food Chain. Role of Molybdenum in Biological Processes. Nutritional Requirements in Man and Animals. Molybdenum Deficiency and Toxicity. Factors Involved in the Intestinal Absorption of Molybdenum. Protein-Derived Products and Molybdenum Absorption. VANADIUM. Role of Vanadium in Biological Processes. Intestinal Absorption of Vanadium. REFERENCES. THE ABSORPTION OF ARSENIC, BORON, SILICON, ALUMINUM, TIN, IODINE, AND FLUORINE: INTERACTIONS WITH PROTEINS AND OTHER NUTRIENTS. NUTRIENT VARIABLES AND THE ABSORPTION OF ARSENIC. Man and Its Relationship with Arsenic. Presentation of the Element in Nature. Arsenic as an Essential Trace Element. Role of Arsenic in Biological Processes. Arsenic in the Food Chain. Absorption of Arsenic. Metabolism of Protein and Amino Acids and Arsenic Nutrition. BIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN BORON SUFFICIENCY. Boron in Nature and Its Role in Biological Processes. Boron in the Food Chain and Metabolic Fate of Ingested Boron. Metabolic Effects of Boron. Interaction with Vitamin D and Other Minerals. Role of Certain Amino Acids. SILICON AS A NUTRIENT. INTERACTIONS WITH PROTEINS AND OTHER DIETARY PRODUCTS. Silicon in Nature and in the Human Food Chain. Biological Role of Silicon. Interaction of Silicon with Other Nutrients. NUTRITIONAL AND TOXIC ASPECTS OF ALUMINUM IN THE DIET AND THE ENVIRONMENT. Aluminum in Nature and in the Food Chain. Intestinal Absorption of Aluminum. Toxicity of Aluminum. Factors Affecting the Oral Absorption of Aluminum. TIN IN THE DIET AND THE ENVIRONMENT. ITS INTERACTION WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS. Tin in Nature and in the Food Chain. The Question of Tin Essentiality. Intestinal Absorption of Tin. Interaction of Tin with Other Nutrients. PROTEIN AND OTHER NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE METABOLISM AND ABSORPTION OF IODINE. Iodine in Nature. Chemical Characteristics. Role and Metabolism of Iodine. Essentiality of Iodine. Requirements. Nutritional Deficit and Toxicity. Iodine in Foods. Relation with Nutritional Status and Protein Sufficiency. NUTRITIONAL FACTORS IN THE ABSORPTION OF FLUORINE. Role of Fluorine Compounds in Calcified Tissue and Dental Integrity. Possible Essentiality of Fluorine. Metabolic Effects. Fluorine in the Diet. Absorption and Excretion. Relationship of Fluorine with Macronutrients. Interactions with Other Minerals. REFERENCES. "FINGERS", "KNUCKLES", "HANDS", "FISTS", "SIGNATURES", AND OTHER STRUCTURAL MOTIFS IN PROTEINS INVOLVING ZINC AND OTHER ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS. ZINC "FINGERS" AND THEIR ROLE IN BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PROTEINS. Transcription Factors. Zinc Fingers in Hormone Receptors. Finger Loops and Oncogenes. BINDING OF ZINC TO OTHER PROTEINS. DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTIC PROPERTIES. DIFFERENT "SIGNATURES". COPPER "FISTS", METALLOTHIONEINS, AND GENE EXPRESSION. PROTEIN STRUCTURE DESIGN: "HELICES", "HANDS", "GREEK KEYS", "b-BARRELS", "SHEETS", "COILS", AND "ZIPPERS". REFERENCES. OVERVIEW.

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Book SynopsisThis publication explains the principles of the techniques used in disposition and metabolism studies in animals, in man, and in vitro. It includes methods for studying routes and rates of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of novel compounds and their metabolites. Relevant surgical, whole-body autoradiographic and pharmacokinetic procedures are discussed, together with techniques for separating and identifying metabolites and metabolic path-ways. Information on when the procedures are appropriate, and examples of what they represent, are presented in order to illustrate the value of such studies.Table of ContentsSECTION 1: INTRODUCTION, Chapter 1 The Rationale for and Timing of Drug Metabolism Studies, SECTION 2: IN VIVO BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, Chapter 2 Aims, Chapter 3 Balance Studies, Chapter 4 Whole Body Autoradiography, Chapter 5 Surgical Techniques Used in Disposition and Metabolism Studies, Chapter 6 Afterword, SECTION 3: EXTRAPOLATION OF DATA AND STUDIES IN MAN, Chapter 7 Studies in Man with Potential Therapeutic Agents, Chapter 8 Pharmacokinetics and Its Application to Drug Development, SECTION 4: METABOLITE IDENTIFICATION AND IN VITRO STUDIES, Chapter 9 Analytical Procedures for Metabolites: Metabolite Profiling and the Isolation and Identification of Metabolitesm, Chapter 10 In Vitro Studies on Metabolism, Chapter 11 Biochemical Studies on Induction, Inhibition, and Activation, Index

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Book SynopsisFor the first time, an entire publication has been dedicated to providing a critical review of the identification and analysis of the milk specific proteins such as lactalbumin, lactoferrin and casein; the non-milk specific proteins such as plasma and membrane proteins; and the minor nitrogen-containing components such as enzymes, hormones, and growth factors. Biological roles, whether nutritional, endocrinological or immunological, of the specific nitrogen compounds in mammary milk production and/or growth and development of the breast-fed infant are also presented. Identification of the molecular weight compounds that have led to questions about their function in milk and their inclusion in modern infant formulas is thoroughly discussed and of great value to scientists in sub-specialties of biochemistry, nutrition, physiology and immunology, as well as to pediatric practitioners with primary interests in the infant food industry, academia, or clinical nutrition. The thoroughness oTable of ContentsSection A: Overview, Chapter 1 Overview: The Biochemistry of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds in Human Milk and Their Physiological Significance, Section B: Proteins in Human Milk, Chapter 2 Casein Micelles and Casein Subunits in Human Milk, Chapter 3 Whey Proteins in Human Milk, Chapter 4 Immunoglobulins in Human Milk, Chapter 5 Peptide Hormones and Hormone-Like Substances in Milk, Chapter 6 Enzymes in Human Milk, Chapter 7 Growth Factors in Human Milk: Sources and Potential Physiological Roles, Chapter 8 Fat Globule Proteins, Section C: Non-Protein Nitrogen in Human Milk, Chapter 9 Non-Protein Nitrogen Components in Human Milk: Biochemistry and Potential Functional Role, Section D: Physiological Significance of the Nitrogen Composition of Human Milk, Chapter 10 Protein Quantity and Whey-Casein Ratio in Infant Formulas, Chapter 11 Is Taurine an Essential Nutrient for Neonates?, Chapter 12 Excretion of Human Milk Proteins by Term and Premature Infants, Chapter 13 Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Term Infants, Chapter 14 Amino Acid Metabolism and Requirements of the Premature Infant: Is Human Milk the “Gold Standard”?, Chapter 15 Nonimmunoglobulin Components in Human Milk — Candidates for Prophylaxis Against Infantile Infections, Chapter 16 Milk Lipases and In Vivo Lipolysis, Index

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive treatise offers an in-depth discussion of natural toxicants in plants, emphasizing their effects as defenses against herbivory. Coevolution of plants and her-bivores are covered with a detailed treatment of toxicant metabolism and systemic effects in mammalian tissues. Con-sideration of the economic importance of plant toxins, modi-fication by plant breeding, management of toxico-sis, and toxicant problems in various geographic areas are in-cluded. Each volume offers an extensive description of chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, distribution in plants, metabolism in mam-mals and insects, and practical problems in humans and livestock.Table of ContentsVOLUME I: ALKALOIDS Pyrrolizidine Al-kaloid Toxicity and Metabolism in Laboratory Animals and Live-stock. Metabolism of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Human Health Impli-cations of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Herbs Containing Them. Nicotiana Alkaloids. Piperidine Al-kaloids of Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum). Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Range and Grain Lupins. Indole Alkaloids from Phalaris and Other Gramineae. Solanum Glycoalka-loids. Swain-sonine: A Toxic Indolizidine Alkaloid. Slaframine: Occur-rence, Chemistry, and Physiological Activity. Toxic Alka-loids Associated with Tall Fescue Toxicosis. Toxicology of Diterpenoid Alkaloids in Rangeland Larkspur (Delphinium spp.). Index. c. 336 pp., 7x10, due July 1989, ISBN-0-8493-6990-8.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAs rising levels of mercury in the environment pose an increasing threat of toxicity to humans and wildlife, several laws already call for industries to reduce mercury emissions at the source. Ecosystem Responses to Mercury Contamination: Indicators of Change outlines the infrastructure and methods needed to measure, monitor, and regulate the concentration of mercury present in the environment. This book draws on the knowledge of forty international experts in the fields of atmospheric transport and deposition, mercury cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic foodwebs and wildlife. The authors propose a set of indicators to use as a measure of changing mercury concentrations in the environment. Next, they recommend a monitoring strategy and offer guidance for determining systematic changes in concentration. Then the authors examine additional monitoring strategies to relate observed changes in concentration to regulatory controls onTable of ContentsIntroduction. Airsheds and watersheds. Monitoring and evaluating trends in sediment and water indicators. Monitoring and evaluating trends in methylmercury accumulation in aquatic biota. Wildlife indicators. An integrated framework for ecological mercury assessments.

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Book SynopsisThis is the third volume of the five-volume book series âœEngineering Tools for Environmental Risk Managementâ. The book series deals with the following topics:â Environmental deterioration and pollution, management of environmental problemsâ Environmental toxicology â a tool for managing chemical substances and contaminated environmentâ Assessment and monitoring tools, risk assessmentâ Risk reduction measures and technologiesâ Case studies for demonstration of the application of engineering toolsThe authors aim to describe interactions and options in risk management by providing a broad scientific overview of the environment, its human uses and the associated local, regional and global environmental problems; interpreting the holistic approach used in solving environmental protection issues; striking a balance between natureâs needs and engineering capabilities; understanding interactions between regulation, management and engineering; obtaining informTable of ContentsIntegrated and efficient characteriaation of contaminated sitesMonitoring and early warning in environmental managementIn situ and real-time measurements in water monitoringIn situ and real-time measurements for effective soil and contaminated site managementDynamic site characterization for brownfield risk managementEnvironmental geochemistry modeling: Methods and applicationsPotential of cyclodextrins in risk assessment and monitoring of organic contaminants

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Book SynopsisMetabolic inhibitors and receptor antagonists are indispensable tools for the molecular life scientist. By blocking specific enzymes or receptor-mediated signal transduction cascades, they simplify the analysis of complex cellular processes especially when it is essential to demonstrate that a process of interest is functionally linked to a particular enzyme or receptor. From antibiotics to statins, modern medicine relies on the reliability and ease-of-use of enzyme- and receptor-directed inhibitors and antagonists.The Inhibitor Index is a comprehensive, curated compendium of over 7,800 enzyme inhibitors and receptor antagonists, including many toxins, poisons, and metabolic uncouplers. Trade Review"Purich has compiled this handy reference tool listing approximately 7,800 biologically significant molecules that inhibit the action of enzymes or block cellular receptors...The list of targets enables laboratory researchers to choose the most specific and selective inhibitors or blockers for their experiments, and to remain alert to off-target effects. This unique desk reference will be useful for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers devising laboratory research in cellular biochemistry and new drug development."-CHOICE, February 2018 Vol. 55 No. 6Table of ContentsNo TOC, it is an alphabetical listing of compounds.

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Book SynopsisThe latest tools for investigating stress response in organisms, genomic technologies provide great insight into how different organisms respond to environmental conditions. However, their usefulness needs to be tested, verified, and codified. Genomic Approaches for Cross-Species Extrapolation in Toxicology provides a balanced discussion drawn from the experience of thirty-five scientists and professionals from diverse fields including environmental toxicology and chemistry, biomedical toxicology, molecular biology, genetics, physiology, bioinformatics, computer science, and statistics. The book introduces genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic technologies. It describes the advantages and challenges associated with these approaches compared to traditional methodologies, particularly from the perspective of cross-species extrapolation within human and environmental toxicology, and explores solutions that will facilitate the incorporation of these technologies into Table of Contents"Omic" Approaches in the Context of Environmental Toxicology. Selection of Surrogate Animal Species for Comparative Toxicogenomics. Species Differences in Response to Toxic Substances: Shared Pathways of Toxicity. Bioinformatic Approaches and Computational Models for Data Integration and Cross-Species Extrapolation in the Post-Genomic Era. The Extension of Molecular and Computational Information to Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making.

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Book SynopsisExamine the Current State of the ScienceSurface water sampling programs across the globe have shown the presence of many different classes of medicines. The potential risks associated with the release of these medicines into the environment have become an increasingly important issue for environmental regulators. Effects of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment examines the current state of the science in evaluating the potential risks of veterinary medicines to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.International Panel Provide Guidance The book brings together more than 30 experts, from eight countries, with expertise in risk assessment, environmental toxicology and chemistry, and environmental policy and regulation. These experts provide guidance, based on standard risk assessment approaches, on how to assess the environmental effects of veterinary medicines. The text discusses pathTable of ContentsIntroduction. Use of Veterinary Medicines in the Environment. Environmental Risk Assessment and Management of Veterinary Medicines. Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Aquatic Systems. Assessing the Aquatic Hazards of Veterinary Medicines. Exposure Assessment of Veterinary Medicines in Terrestrial Systems. Assessing the Effects of Veterinary Medicines on the Terrestrial Environment. Workshop Conclusions and Recommendations. Index.

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Book SynopsisSince the publication of the pioneering first edition of Chemical Genomics and Proteomics more than seven years ago, the area of chemical genomics has rapidly expanded and diversified to numerous novel methods and subdisciplines, such as chemical glycomics and lipidomics. This second edition has been updated to uniquely reflect this interdisciplinary feature as well as the remarkable developments that have occurred. The new edition also covers innovative applications from cell biology to drug discovery to, more recently, clinical diagnostics and medical practice, which utilize the concepts of chemical genomics.The text provides an overview of the strategies and methodologies of chemical genomics, focusing on emerging technologies and recent applications in the areas of combination chemical genetics, toxicogenomics, drug chemical genomics and proteomics, and orthogonal chemical genetics. It describes the development and application of novel analytical methods used in lTrade ReviewPraise for the First Edition"I thoroughly enjoyed this book and have already had to retrieve it from my PhD students who are anxious to read it ...make sure your library has a copy!"—Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Vol. 80, Issue 8, August 2005"[This book] is the first book dedicated solely to chemical genomics. It presents the most important research and developments in chemical genomics … The plentiful tables and figures are well-designed and effectively support the content. … highly recommended for academic and special libraries with relevant programs, and for research scientists in the field."—E-StreamsTable of ContentsUtilizing small molecules in chemical genomics: Toward high-throughput approaches. Development and application of novel analytical methods in lipidomics. From chemical genomics to chemical proteomics: The power of microarray technology. Genomic and proteomic biomarkers in the drug R&D process. Quo vadis biomedical sciences in the omics era: Toward computational biology and medicine. Novel chemogenomic approaches to drug design.

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Book SynopsisThe fractionation of human blood plasma can be considered to be a mature industry, with the basic technology, alcohol fractionation, dating back at least to the 1940s. Many of the products described in the current work have been approved biologics since the 1950s. The information gathered from the development of plasma proteins has proved vital to the development of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Discussing the role of plasma proteins in current biotechnology, Biotechnology of Plasma Proteins describes the protein composition of human plasma, the fractionation of plasma to obtain therapeutic proteins, and the analysis of these products. It delineates the path from plasma products to recombinant products, and highlights products from albumin, intravenous immunoglobins, and coagulation. It offers a comprehensive review of current techniques for the analysis of proteins including electrophoresis, chromatography, spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and updates not pubTable of ContentsBlood, Plasma, Cells, and Other Biological Fluids. Plasma Fractionation and Plasma Protein Products. Methods for the Analysis of Plasma and Plasma Protein Fractions. Albumin. Plasma Immunoglobulins. Factor VIII and von Willebrand Factor. Plasma Proteinase Inhibitors. Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins. Miscellaneous Plasma Proteins.

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Book SynopsisIntravenous infusion is a necessary mode of delivery for many pharmaceuticals currently on the market or undergoing clinical trials. The technique of prolonged intravenous delivery in conscious, free-moving animal models has broadened the opportunity to study and evaluate the safety and efficacy of these therapeutic products. For the first time, the collective sciences involved in the understanding of this mode of drug delivery are brought together in one publication.Non-Clinical Vascular Infusion Technology, Volume I: The Science covers the scientific principles behind the delivery systems, from both physical and physiological standpoints. The book addresses body fluid dynamics, describes the scientific processes necessary to understand the various aspects of the physico-chemical issues relating to vascular infusion delivery, and discusses vascular infusion dynamics. It also considers all the essential elements of the preparation of a formulation intended for vasculaTrade Review"Good science and good welfare go hand in hand. Innovative science and technology can be used to improve animal welfare. Equally, the 3Rs (replacement, refinement and reduction of animals in research) can provide fresh insight and novel approaches to advance science. By sharing data, knowledge and experience on the science behind infusion models and the refinement of the techniques used, there is the potential to have a significant impact on the 3Rs. Owen Green and Guy Healing have shown the importance of the 3Rs in infusion technology at international meetings and in producing this book. The book will enhance uptake of the latest science behind vascular delivery systems to get better data and help influence decisions around the most appropriate model. It will also contribute to preventing repetition of method development and optimising experiments to answer specific scientific questions with the least impact on animals. As in other areas of science, the field of infusion technology is constantly evolving. This edition of Non-Clinical Vascular Infusion Technology reviews current developments in the field that will support scientists in putting the 3Rs into practice."—From the Foreword by Kathryn Chapman, Head of Innovation and Translation, the National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in ResearchTable of ContentsBody Fluid Dynamics. Introduction. Composition and units of measurement. Compartmentalization and Distribution. Movement between Compartments/Exchange. Body Fluid Homeostasis. Summary. References. Physico-Chemical Factors. Introduction. Osmolality. Acid-Base Balance. Viscosity. Surface Tension. Diffusion. Summary of Infusion Forces. References. Vascular Infusion Dynamics. Essential physiology. Intravenous Delivery Rates and Volumes. References. Formulation Considerations. Introduction. Formulation selection strategy. Study design and species/strain. The properties of the compound. Strategies for dealing with poor solubility. Unwanted formulation effects. Excipient toxicity. Strategies for dealing with injection site reactions and haemolysis. Strategies for dealing with poor stability. Sterility. Conclusion. References. Prestudy analytical assessments: Equipment compatibility. Stability of the formulation with the formulation storage vessel. Compatibility. Choice of material. References. Haemocompatibility. Introduction. Objectives. Methods of assessing haemocompatibility. Discussion. Conclusion. References. Annex: Common excipients and vehicles.

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Book Synopsis1. Gene Structure and Evolution.- 2. Effects of Steroid Hormones on Chicken Oviduct Chromatin.- 3. Estrogen Receptor Regulation of Vitellogenin Gene Transcription and Chromatin Structure.- 4. Ecdysterone, Ecdysterone Receptor, and Chromosome Puffs.- 5. Ecdysteroid Effects on the Cell Cycle of Drosophila melanogaster Cells.- 6. Structure and Function of Growth HormoneA Target for Glucocorticoid Action.- 7. Mechanism of Extinction of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Genes in Somatic Cell Hybrids.- 8. Studies of the Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Hormone Action.- 9. Corticosteroid Binder IB, A Potential Second Glucocorticoid Receptor.- 10. Functional Analysis of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Limited Proteolysis.- 11. Identification of the DNA-Binding Domain of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor A Subunit.- 12. Immunochemical Studies of Estrogen Receptor.- 13. A Comparison of Central and Peripheral Estrogen Targets.- 14. Biological Role of Type II Estrogen-Binding Sites and Steroid Hormone ActionTable of Contents1. Gene Structure and Evolution.- 2. Effects of Steroid Hormones on Chicken Oviduct Chromatin.- 3. Estrogen Receptor Regulation of Vitellogenin Gene Transcription and Chromatin Structure.- 4. Ecdysterone, Ecdysterone Receptor, and Chromosome Puffs.- 5. Ecdysteroid Effects on the Cell Cycle of Drosophila melanogaster Cells.- 6. Structure and Function of Growth Hormone—A Target for Glucocorticoid Action.- 7. Mechanism of Extinction of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Genes in Somatic Cell Hybrids.- 8. Studies of the Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Hormone Action.- 9. Corticosteroid Binder IB, A Potential Second Glucocorticoid Receptor.- 10. Functional Analysis of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Limited Proteolysis.- 11. Identification of the DNA-Binding Domain of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor A Subunit.- 12. Immunochemical Studies of Estrogen Receptor.- 13. A Comparison of Central and Peripheral Estrogen Targets.- 14. Biological Role of Type II Estrogen-Binding Sites and Steroid Hormone Action.- 15. Hormone Receptors and the Nuclear Matrix.- 16. Alpha-Protein: A Marker for Androgen Action in the Rat Ventral Prostate.- 17. How Changes in Cytosol and Nuclear Androgen Receptors Relate to the Testosterone Responses: Studies with New Exchange Assays.- 18. Modulation of Androgen Action in Rat Liver by Thyroid and Peptide Hormones.- 19. A New Class of 5?-Reductase Inhibitors.- 20. Comments on Steroid Hormone Action.

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Book Synopsis1 Vascular Analysis of the Carotid Body in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- 2 Role of the Carotid Sinus Nerve and of Dopamine in the Biochemical Response of Sympathetic Tissues to Long-Term Hypoxia.- 3 The Effects of Almitrine on [3H]5HT and [125I] Endothelin Binding to Central and Peripheral Receptors: An In Vitro Autoradiographic Study in the Cat.- 4 Immunocytochemical and Neurochemical Aspects of Sympathetic Ganglion Chemosensitivity.- 5 Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Markers in the Human Carotid Body in Health and Disease.- 6 The Effects of Chronic Hypoxaemia upon the Structure of the Human Carotid Body.- 7 Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Sensory Innervation of the Rat Carotid Body: Organization and Development.- 8 Effects of Cell-Free Perfusion and Almitrine Bismesylate on the Ultrastructure of Type-1 Cell Mitochondria in the Cat Carotid Body.- 9 Multi-Unit Compartmentation of the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor by Perineurial Cell Sheaths: Immunohistochemistry and Freeze-Fracture Study.Table of Contents1 Vascular Analysis of the Carotid Body in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- 2 Role of the Carotid Sinus Nerve and of Dopamine in the Biochemical Response of Sympathetic Tissues to Long-Term Hypoxia.- 3 The Effects of Almitrine on [3H]5HT and [125I] Endothelin Binding to Central and Peripheral Receptors: An In Vitro Autoradiographic Study in the Cat.- 4 Immunocytochemical and Neurochemical Aspects of Sympathetic Ganglion Chemosensitivity.- 5 Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Markers in the Human Carotid Body in Health and Disease.- 6 The Effects of Chronic Hypoxaemia upon the Structure of the Human Carotid Body.- 7 Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Sensory Innervation of the Rat Carotid Body: Organization and Development.- 8 Effects of Cell-Free Perfusion and Almitrine Bismesylate on the Ultrastructure of Type-1 Cell Mitochondria in the Cat Carotid Body.- 9 Multi-Unit Compartmentation of the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor by Perineurial Cell Sheaths: Immunohistochemistry and Freeze-Fracture Study.- 10 Light and Electronmicroscopical Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Innervation of the Human Carotid Body.- 11 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) Expression in Pulmonary Neuro-Endocrine Cells (NE) and a Netumor Cell Line.- 12 Effects of Hypoxia on Cultured Chemoreceptors of the Rat Carotid Body: DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Activity in Glomus Cells.- 13 Localization of Dopamine D2 Receptor mRNA in the Rabbit Carotid Body and Petrosal Ganglion by in situ Hybridization.- 14 Noradrenergic Glomus Cells in the Carotid Body: An Autoradiographic and Immunocytochemical Study in the Rabbit and Rat.- 15 The Modulation of Intracellular pH in Carotid Body Glomus Cells by Extracellular pH and pCO2.- 16 Evidence for Glucose Uptake in the Rabbit Carotid Body.- 17 Effects of Inorganic Calcium Channel Blockers on Carotid Chemosensory Responses in the Cat.- 18 Those Strange Glomus Cells.- 19 Carotid Body Neurotransmission.- 20 Carbonic Anhydrase and the Carotid Body.- 21 Ca2+ Dynamics in Chemoreceptor Cells: An Overview.- 22 Spectrophotometric Analysis of Heme Proteins in Oxygen Sensing Cell Systems.- 23 Neurochemical and Molecular Biological Aspects on the Resetting of the Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Newborn Rat.- 24 Carbonic Anhydrase and Carotid Body Chemoreception in the Presence and Absence of CO2-HCO3-.- 25 Role of Ion-Exchangers in the Cat Carotid Body Chemotransduction.- 26 Dopamine Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body in vitro: Effect of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia.- 27 PO2-Dependence of Phospholipase C in the Cat Carotid Body.- 28 Optical Measurements of Micro-Vascular Oxygen Pressure and Intracellular pH in the Cat Carotid Body: Testing Hypotheses of Oxygen Chemoreception.- 29 Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium Induced by pH Changes in Cultured Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- 30 Role of Carbon Dioxide for Hypoxic Chemotransduction of the Cat Carotid Body.- 31 Metabolic Substrate Dependence of Carotid Chemosensory Responses to Stop-Flow Evoked Hypoxia and to Nicotine.- 32 Effects of Chemosensory Stimulation Membrane Currents Recorded with the Perforated-Patch Method from Cultured Rat Glomus Cells.- 33 Carbonic Anhydrase Near Central Chemoreceptors.- 34 Update on the Bicarbonate Hypothesis.- 35 Regulation of Intracellular pH in Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- 36 Noradrenergic Inhibition of the Goat Carotid Body.- 37 Role of Substance P in Rat Carotid Body Responses to Hypoxia and Capsaicin.- 38 Carotid Sinus Nerve Inhibition Mediated by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.- 39 Neurotransmitters and Second Messenger Systems in the Carotid Body.- 40 Does Adenosine Stimulate Rat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors?.- 41 Effects of Haloperidol on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptionin Vitro.- 42 Effect of Arterial Chemoreceptor Stimulation: Role of Norepinephrine in Hypoxic Chemotransmission.- 43 Carotid Body Denervation and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Rat.- 44 Effects of Chemoreceptor Stimulation by Almitrine Bismesylate on Renal Function in Conscious Rats.- 45 Carbon Dioxide-Sensitive Laryngeal Receptors and their Reflex Effects.- 46 Ventilatory Response at the Onset of Exercise: An Update of the Neurohumoral Theory.- 47 Carotid Chemoreceptor Reflex Cardioinhibitory Responses: Comparison of their Modulation by Central Inspiratory Neuronal Activity and Activity of Pulmonary Stretch Afferents.- 48 The Modulation of Peripheral Chemoreceptor Input by Central Nervous System Hypoxia.- 49 Chemoreflexogenic Ventilatory Drive in Humans Adapted to Unusual Environments.- 50 Respiratory and Cardiovascular Activities in Carotid Body Resected Humans.- 51 Effects of Oxygen Tests on the Ventilatory Resposes of the Cat and Rhesus Monkey to Changes in Arterial Potassium.- 52 Thermal Effects Upon the Chemosensory Drive of Ventilation.- 53 Carotid Chemosensory Response to Doxapram in the Newborn Kitten.- 54 Carotid Chemoreceptor Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Developing Kittens.- 55 Presence of Chemosensitive SIF Cells in the Rat Sympathetic Ganglia: A Biochemical, Immunocytochemical and Pharmacological Study.- 56 Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cobalt on Macroprotein Pattern in the Rabbit Carotid Body and Superior Cervical Ganglion: Preliminary Observations.- 57 Time Course of the Response of Carotid Chemoreceptors to Sudden Rise of Inspired CO2in the Newborn Kitten.- 58 The Carotid Chemosensory Response to Hypoxia in the Developing Kitten.- 59 Actions of Doxapram on K±Currents in Isolated Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- 60 Stimulatory Effect of Long-Term Hypoxia on the Posterior Part of A2 Noradrenergic Cell Group in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius of Rat.- 61 Taurine Interaction with the Cat Carotid Body Function In Vitro.- Contributors.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains the collected papers presented at the Inter­ national Symposium on Polymers in Medicine, Biomedical and Pharma­ cological Applications, which was held at Porto Cervo, Italy, May 24-28, 1982.Table of ContentsSection I Polymeric Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems.- Characteristic Bilolgical Effects of Anionic Polymers.- Polymeric Antitumour Agents on a Molecular and on a Cellular Level?.- Utilization of Stabilized Forms of Polynucleotides.- Application of the Congener Approach to the Design and Synthesis of Peptide-Catecholamine Conjugates.- New Polymeric and Oligomeric Matrices as Drug Carriers.- Development of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide Copolymers as Carriers of Therapeutic Agents.- Biologically Active Compounds Immobilized on Cellulose Derivatives.- Preparation of Enzyme Polymers for Therapeutical Use! Preliminary “In Vivo” Study.- Synthesis and Characterization of Covalently Bound Polymer-Hormone Conjugates for the Controlled Release of Hormones.- Improved Drug Delivery to Target Specific Organs Using Liposomes as Coated with Polysaccharides.- Synthesis and Release of Contraceptive Steroids from Bioerodible Poly(Ortho Ester)s.- Press-Coated Systems for Drug Release Control.- Polymeric Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems! Preparation and Evaluation of Pilocarpine-Containing Inserts.- Basic Physical Parameters of Polymeric Matrices Influencing Drug Release.- Section II Polymers as Biomaterials.- Polymers in Medicine-An Overview.- Functional Polyesters and Polyamides for Medical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers.- Polyurethanes as Biomaterials — Assessment of Blood Compatibility.- Synthesis, Structural Study and Preliminary Hemocompatibility Tests of AB and ABA Block Copolymers with Polyvinyl and Polypeptide Blocks.- Interactions of Some Plasmatic Proteins with Anticoagulant Polystyrene Resins! Mechanism of Catalytic Activity towards the Thrombin-Antithrombin Reaction.- Characterization and Albumin Adsorption on Surface Oxidized Polyethylene Films.- Radiation Induced Modification of Polyetherurethane Tubes with HEMA and Acrylamide.- Improvement of the Biocompatibility of Polymers through Surface Modification.- Physical Characterization of Poly(2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Gels: Effect of the Diluent Content on the Mechanical and Transport Properties.- Section III Medical and Surgical Applications of Polymers.- The Design of a Small Diameter Arterial Replacement.- The Development of Small Diameter Vascular Prostheses.- Testing Devices for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Heart Valves.- Development and Testing of a New Prosthetic Heart Valve.- Heparin-like Substances and Blood-Compatible Polymers Obtained from Chitin and Chitosan.- Advances in the Development of Extraction Resistant Flexible PVC Compounds.- Immobilization of Enzymes on Hollow Fibers Assembled after Chemical Modification.- Polymer Composite Materials in Orthopaedic Surgery.

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Table of Contents1 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Prostaglandins.- I. Introduction.- A. Identification of Prostaglandin Synthetase Dependent Substances.- B. Metabolites of Prostaglandins.- C. Quantification.- II. Mass Spectrometry Systems for Prostaglandin Analysis.- A. Magnetic Focusing Instruments.- B. Quadrupole Instruments.- C. Choice of Internal Standard and Derivative.- III. Methods of Extraction and Chromatography.- A. Extraction of PGs, Their Circulating Metabolites, and Thromboxane B2 from Blood Plasma.- B. Extraction of Prostaglandins from Urine.- C. Methods of Chromatography of Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Metabolites.- IV. Biological Applications.- A. Circulating Prostaglandins.- B. Urinary Prostaglandins.- C. Prostaglandins and Renin.- D. Assessment of Prostaglandin Synthesis.- V. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 2 Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Metabolism as Measured by Radioimmunoassay.- I. Introduction.- II. Serological Specificities of the Prostaglandin Immune Systems.- A. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- B. Prostaglandin E 9-Ketoreductase.- C. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase.- D. Prostaglandin ?13-Reductase.- E. PGE Dehydrase and PGA and PGC Isomerases.- III. Prostaglandin Synthetase.- A. Cofactor Requirements.- B. Activation and Inhibition of Microsomal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis by Cytoplasmic Fractions.- C. Solubilization and Resolution of a Prostaglandin Synthetase System.- D. The pH Optima of Prostaglandin Synthetase Systems.- E. Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthetase from Different Tissues of the Same Species by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs.- IV. Prostaglandin E 9-Ketoreductases.- A. Cofactor Requirements and Tissue Distribution of PGE 9-Ketoreductase.- B. Purification and Properties.- V. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases.- A. Detection and Tissue Distribution of NAD+-Dependent and NADP+™Dependent 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases.- B. Purification and Properties of the NAD+- and NADP+- Dependent Dehydrogenases.- VI. Prostaglandin ?13-Reductase.- VII. PGE Dehydrase, PGA Isomerase, and PGC Isomerase.- VIII. Regulation of PGE and PGF Levels.- IX. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 3 The Endocrine System: Interaction of Prostaglandins with Adenylyl Cyclase-Cyclic AMP Systems.- I. Introduction.- II. Thyroid.- III. Pituitary.- A. Introduction.- B. LH/FSH.- C. ACTH.- D. Prolactin.- E. Growth Hormone.- F. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.- G. Summary.- IV. Pancreas.- V. Adrenal.- VI. Ovaries.- A. Effects of Cyclic AMP and Prostaglandins on Steroidogenesis.- B. Effects of Prostaglandins on Adenylyl Cyclase.- C. Additivity of LH and Prostaglandins on Adenylyl Cyclase.- D. Effects of Inhibitors of Prostaglandin Synthesis on LH Action.- E. Adenylyl Cyclase in Follicles from Immature and Adult Rats.- F. Adenylyl Cyclase, Prostaglandin Synthesis, and Steroidogenesis in Preovulatory Follicles.- VII. References.- 4 Induction of Labor with Prostaglandins.- I. Historical Background.- II. Induction of Labor with Intravenous Prostaglandins.- III. Other Routes of Administration.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.- 5 Cardiovascular Responses to the Prostaglandin Precursors.- I. Introduction.- II. Blood Pressure.- A. Arachidonic Acid.- B. Dihomo-y-linolenic Acid.- C. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid.- D. PG Endoperoxides.- III. Cardiac Effects.- IV. Renal Circulation.- V. Pulmonary Circulation.- VI. Other Regional Circulations.- VII. Platelets 141 VIII Summary.- IX. References.- 6 Role of Prostaglandins in Fever and Temperature Regulation.- I. Introduction.- A. Temperature Regulation B. Fever 148.- II. Role of PGs in Fever.- III. PG Synthesis in Brain during Fever.- A. Appearance of PGs in Cerebrospinal Fluid.- B. Presence of PGs in the AH/POA.- C. Source of PGs.- IV. Difficulties with the PG Hypothesis.- A. Lesions of the AH/POA and Fever.- B. Lack of “Prostaglandin Fever” in Lambs.- C. PG Antagonists.- D. Action of PGs on Single Hypothalamic Neurons.- V. PGs in Normal Temperature Regulation.- A. Antipyretics and Normal Temperature Regulation.- B. PG Efflux in Afebrile Animals.- VI. Summary of the Existing Evidence.- VII. Addendum.- VIII. References.- 7 Prostaglandins and the Lung.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Content and Synthesis in the Lung.- A. Content.- B. Synthesis.- III. Catabolism and Uptake of Prostaglandins in the Lung.- A. Catabolic Enzymes.- B. Uptake and Inactivation.- IV. Release of Prostaglandins from the Lung.- A. Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli.- B. Antigen-Antibody Reaction and Other Physiological and Pathological Stimuli.- C. Inhibition of Prostaglandin Release.- D. Possible Role of Prostaglandins in Bronchial Asthma and Other Lung Diseases.- V. Bronchopulmonary Effects of Prostaglandins.- A. F Prostaglandins.- B. E Prostaglandins.- C. A and B Prostaglandins.- D. Endoperoxide Intermediates and Metabolites.- E. Interaction of Prostaglandins and Indomethacin and Their Relation to the Tone of Airways.- F. Effects of Prostaglandins on Pulmonary Circulation 205 VI. Interaction of Prostaglandins with Cyclic Nucleotides in the Lung.- VII. Summary and Conclusions.- VIII. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 8 Prostaglandins and the Digestive System.- I. Introduction.- II. Salivary Glands.- III. Esophagus.- IV. Stomach.- A. Motility.- B. Gastric Secretion.- C. Ulcer Formation.- D. Mechanism of the Antisecretory Action.- E. Physiopathological Role of Prostaglandins 246 V. Intestine.- A. Intestinal Secretion and Absorption.- B. Enteropooling Assay.- C. Diarrhea.- VI. Bile and Pancreatic Secretion.- A. Bile Secretion.- B. Pancreatic Secretion.- VII. Cytoprotection by Prostaglandins.- A. Intestine.- B. Stomach and Duodenum.- C. Mechanism of Cytoprotection.- VIII. References.- 9 Prostaglandins and Renal Function, or “A Trip down the Rabbit Hole”.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis and Metabolism.- A. Renal Prostaglandin Synthesis.- B. Prostaglandin Inactivation.- III. Role of Prostaglandins in the Control of Renal Blood Flow.- A. Studies within the “Autoregulatory” Range.- B. Relationship to Renal Ischemia.- C. Relationship to Renal Hyperemia.- D. Interdependence of Prostaglandins and Renal Vasoactive Phenomena.- IV. Role of Prostaglandins in Salt and Water Homeostasis.- A. Prostaglandins Are Natriuretic.- B. Prostaglandins Are Antinatriuretic.- C. Prostaglandin-Induced Alterations in Water Homeostasis.- V. Conclusion.- VI. References.- Note Added in Proof.- 10 Prostaglandins and Cancer.- I. Introduction.- II. Prostaglandin Synthesis by Tumors and Its Effects on Tumor Cell Replication.- A. In Vitro Studies.- B. In Vivo Studies.- III. Prostaglandins, Bone Resorption, and Hypercalcemia.- A. The Bone Resorptive Effect of Prostaglandins.- B. PGE as the Mediator of Hypercalcemia in Vivo.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.

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Book SynopsisClinicians undergoing competency testing, certification, and periodic recertification are frequently faced with computer-based exams designed to evaluate clinical acumen and judgment. Test questions often include an image or radiograph followed by a vignette of the clinical encounter and a series of questions. Designed to better prepare practitioners for image-intense, computer-based examinations in their respective fields, Atlas of Human Poisoning and Envenoming is a visual and written reminder of the ubiquitous sources of toxins and toxoids in the environment and the outcomes of accidental or intentional toxic exposures in humans. The Second Edition has been restructured with bulleted text, tables, and figures resembling the vignettes that accompany national examinations. Combining the four specialties of toxicologyanalytical, medical, environmental, and industrialinto one comprehensive atlas, the book presents photographs and diagrams of toxic plants aTrade Review"Compared to other narrative-based references in this exceptionally complicated and detail-driven field, this atlas presents small bites of easily digestible information."—Sean P. Boley, MD, Regions Hospital and Level 1 Trauma Center for Doody's Review ServiceTable of ContentsGeneral Medical Toxicology. The Pharmacology of Human Poisoning and Envenoming. General Poisoning Management. Diagnostic Work-Up of the Poisoned Patient. Poison Antidotes. Toxicity of Antiseptics and Drug Additives. Poisonings with Over-the-Counter and Opioid Analgesics. Household Product Poisonings. Drug and Illicit Substance Abuse. Anticonvulsants and Sedative-Hypnotics. Reproductive and Perinatal Toxicology and Teratogenesis. Hypoglycemic and Other Endocrine Agent Toxicity. Cardiovascular Drug Toxicity. Antibiotic Toxicity. Anticancer Drug Toxicity. Environmental and Occupational Nephrotoxicology. Neurotoxicology. Environmental Toxicology. Food Poisoning. Seafood Poisoning. Mushroom Poisonings. Herbal Poisonings. Common Poisonous Household and Garden Plants. Bites and Stings: Terrestrial Envenomings. Common Arthropod Vectors of Infectious Diseases. Tick Paralysis. Bites and Stings: Marine Envenomings. Voodoo, Hoodoo, and Cajun Traditions and Poisonings. Industrial and Occupational Toxicology. Volatile Organic Chemicals. Petrochemical Toxicity. Industrial Gas Exposures and Occupational Lung Diseases. Metal and Metalloid Poisonings. Pesticide Poisonings: Insecticides, Rodenticides, and Herbicides. Radiation Toxicology. Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Weapons and Warfare. Workplace Substance Abuse Monitoring. Miscellaneous Toxicants. Epidemiology and Statistics for Toxicology. Epidemiology and Statistics for Toxicology. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends in waste treatment processes. It delineates methodologies, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. It focuses on toxic heavy metals in the environment, various heavy metal decontamination technologies, brownfield restoration, and industrial, agricultural, and radioactive waste management. It discusses the importance of metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, iron, and mercury.Trade Review"This book is simple yet comprehensive enough for you to understand quickly remediation of heavy metals in the environment. As an environmental engineer, you must squeeze a space for this book in your crowded bookshelves." — Fan Xiaojun, Sino-French Water Development Co. Ltd, Macau SAR, China"The book is rich in information on the hazardous effects of many heavy metal ions that are present in water and the methods developed recently to remove those metals from the drinking water." — Takeshi Matsuura, University of Ottawa, CanadaTable of ContentsToxicity and Sources of Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag and Rare Metals in the Environment. Nano-Bioremediation: Applications of Nanotechnology for Bioremediation. Toxicity, Sources and Control of Selenium, Nickel and Beryllium in the Environment. Selection of Remedial Alternatives for Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals. Heavy Metals Removal by Low-Cost Adsorption Materials. Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes by Sulfide Precipitation. Stabilization of Cadmium in Waste Incineration Residues by Aluminum/Iron-Rich Materials. Arsenic in the Environment: Source, Characteristics and Technologies for Pollution Elimination. Innovative Processes for Simultaneous Removal of Chromium and Arsenate. E-Waste Disposal And Recycling: Environmental and Health Impacts. Site Assessment and Cleanup Technologies of Metal Finishing Industry. Adsorptive Removal of Arsenic from Watersources using Novel Nanocomposite Mixed-Matrix Membranes. Treatment of Photographic Processing Waste. Toxicity, Source and Control of Barium in the Environment.

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Book SynopsisJuvenile hormones (JHs) are a group of structurally related sesquiterpenes secreted by the insect corpora allata. They affect most insect life-cycle stages and physiological functions, including embryogenesis, larval and adult development, metamorphosis, reproduction, metabolism, diapause, polyethism, and migration. Juvenoids such as methoprene, hydroprene, kinoprene, pyriproxyfen, and fenoxycarb are man-made chemicals that mimic the structure and/or activity of JHs, selectively targeting and disrupting the endocrine system of insects. They are particularly suited as larvicides for the control of pest and disease vectoring insects such as mosquitoes.Juvenile Hormones and Juvenoids: Modeling Biological Effects and Environmental Fate discusses the various modeling approaches that can be used to study the mechanism of action of JHs in insects and to estimate the adverse effects and the environmental fate of the juvenoids that mimic their activity. This bookTable of ContentsJuvenile Hormones and Juvenoids: A Historical Survey. Future Perspectives for Research on the Biosynthesis of Juvenile Hormones and Related Sesquiterpenoids in Arthropod Endocrinology and Ecotoxicology. Morph-Specific JH Titer Regulation in Wing-Polymorphic Gryllus Crickets: Proximate Mechanisms Underlying Adaptive Genetic Modification of JH Regulation. Soldier-Specific Organ Developments Induced by a Juvenile Hormone Analog in a Nasute Termite. Roles of Juvenile Hormone Analog Methoprene in Gene Transcription. Modeling Resistance to Juvenile Hormone Analogs: Linking Evolution, Ecology, and Management. Population Dynamics Models for Assessing the Endocrine Disruption Potential of Juvenile Hormone Analogues on Nontarget Species. SAR and QSAR Modeling of Juvenile Hormone Mimics. Using CoMFA and CoMSIA as Tools in a 3D QSAR Analysis of Juvenile Hormone Agonist Action in Drosophila. Predicting Highly Potent Juvenile Hormone Esterase Inhibitors from 2D QSAR Modeling. Receptor-Guided Structure–Activity Modeling of Inhibitors of Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolases. Structural Studies of Juvenile Hormone-Binding Proteins. In Silico Stereoelectronic Profile and Pharmacophore Similarity Analysis of Juvenile Hormone, Juvenile Hormone Mimics (IGRs), and Insect Repellents May Aid Discovery and Design of Novel Arthropod Repellents. Use of Multicriteria Analysis for Selecting Candidate Insecticides for Vector Control. Index.

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Book SynopsisSecurity sensitive microbes (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) and toxins, which are often referred to as the select agents and toxins, have the capacity to cause serious illness and death in humans, animals, and plants. Throughout history, these microbes and toxins have been exploited in one form or another as biowarfare and bioterror agents that create fear and panic well beyond any actual physical damages they might cause.Manual of Security Sensitive Microbes and Toxins provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage of microbes and toxins of biosecurity concern. The ultimate goal is to increase our awareness of these agents and enhance our preparedness against any future bio-emergencies.The book begins with an introduction containing a brief overview of the historical aspects of security sensitive microbes and toxins. This is followed by a concise summary of the current status in relation to the regulation of security sensitive microbes and toxinsTable of ContentsPart I Microbes and Toxins Affecting Humans and Animals: Viruses. Part II Microbes and Toxins Affecting Human and Animals: Bacteria. Part III Microbes and Toxins Affecting Human and Animals: Fungus and Parasite. Part IV Microbes and Toxins Affecting Human and Animals: Toxins. Part V Microbes Affecting Animals: Viruses. Part VI Microbes Affecting Animals: Bacteria. Part VII Microbes Affecting Plants. Index.

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Book SynopsisHPLC is the principal separation technique for identification of the pesticides in environmental samples and for quantitative analysis of analytes. At each stage of the HPLC procedure, the chromatographer should possess both the practical and theoretical skills required to perform HPLC experiments correctly and to obtain reliable, repeatable, and reproducible results. Developed to serve as a detailed practical guide, High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Pesticide Residue Analysis is a comprehensive source of information and training on state-of-the-art pesticide residue methods performed with the aid of HPLC. The book presents the pros and cons of HPLC as a flexible and versatile separation and analysis tool with multiple purposes and advantages in investigations of pesticides for food and plant drugs standardization, promotion of health, protection of new herbal medicines, and more. Table of ContentsPRACTICAL GUIDE TO HPLC METHODS OF PESTICIDE RESIDUE ANALYSIS. Overview of the Field of Chromatographic Methods of Pesticide Residue Analysis and Organization of the Book. Pesticide Classification and Properties. Method Development of Chromatography: Retention–Eluent Composition Relationships and Application to Analysis of Pesticides. Choice of the Mode of Chromatographic Method for Analysis of Pesticides on the Basis of the Properties of Analytes. Choice of the Mode of Sample Preparation in the Analysis of Pesticides on the Basis of the Properties of the Matrix. Selection of the Mode of Stationary Phases and Columns for Analysis of Pesticides. Selection of the Type of Mobile Phases for Analysis of Nonionic Analytes: Reversed- and Normal-Phase HPLC. Selection of the Mobile Phases for Analysis of Ionic Analytes: Reversed- Phase, Ion-Pair, Ion-Exchange, Ion-Exclusion HPLC. Optimization of Normal-Phase and Reversed-Phase Systems for Analysis of Pesticides: Choice of the Mode of Elution–Isocratic and Gradient Elution. KINETIC STUDY OF PESTICIDES. Kinetics Study of Pesticides in the Environment: Application of HPLC to Kinetic Effects of Pesticide Analysis. Phototransformation of Pesticides in the Environment. APPLICATIONS OF HPLC AND UPLC TO SEPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES FROM VARIOUS CLASSES. Sample Preparation for Determination of Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Quantitative Analysis and Method Validation. Analysis of Pesticides by HPLC–UV, HPLC–DAD (HPLC–PDA), and Other Detection Methods. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry as a Method of Identification and Quantification of Pesticides. Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Applied to the Analysis of Pesticides. Chiral Separation of Some Classes of Pesticides by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method. Application in Pesticide Analysis: Liquid Chromatography—A Review of the State of Science for Biomarker Discovery and Identification. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Applied to Analysis of Pesticides. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography versus Other Modern Analytical Methods for Determination of Pesticides.

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Book SynopsisThis book bridges the gap between advances in basic biology and chemistry and technological applications in the field of toxicity assessments. It describes areas of progress in the laboratory and clinic and discusses aspects of cellular organelles. It also covers the basic principles and applications of modern toxicological tools such as transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. The recent developments on molecular modeling and systems biology are described with an eye on the future establishment of virtual cell technology. Finally the clinical implications for the understanding of acute and chronic renal toxicity are studied.Table of ContentsCellular Organelle-based Renal Toxicity. Transcriptomic Approaches. Proteomic Approaches. Metabolomic Approaches. Molecular Modeling – Molecular Design. Systems Biological Approaches. Virtual Cell. Clinical Implication of Renal Toxicology. Molecular Pathology of Renal Fibrosis. Classification of Nephrotoxicants.

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Book SynopsisMore than 7 billion people inhabit the earth and all of them are subject to aging. This book is aimed at persons interested in a molecular explanation of how our cells age. Human Longevity: Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Bioenergetics, Molecular Biology, and Evolution is built on the proposition that we age as our mitochondria age. It suggests a revised version of Harman's famous hypothesis featuring mitochondrial oxidative and energy stresses as the root causes of aging. Human cells are protected from the ravages of aging by a battery of defensive systems including some novel mechanisms against membrane oxidation introduced in this book. This concept is consistent with recent discoveries showing that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants prevent Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain disease in animal models of neurodegeneration.This book explores a unified theory of aging based on bioenergetics. It covers a variety of topics including Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Science of Human Aging. Darwinian Selection of Membranes Enabling Longevity. Revised Mitochondrial Membrane Hypothesis of Aging. Many Mechanisms Have Evolved to Protect Human Mitochondrial Membranes, Enabling Longevity.

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Book SynopsisProceedings of a NATO ARW held in Aghia Pelagia, Crete, Greece, May 17-21, 1991Table of ContentsTime Resolved Biochemical Studies of ras Proteins by Fluorescence Measurements on Tryptophan Mutants; B. Antonny, et al. The Ypt Gene Family of Schizosaccharomyces Pombe; J. Armstrong, et al. Rearrangement of the Human mel Gene, the ras 8 Homologue, in Human Malignant Melanomas; R.A. Padua, et al. Ras and Rap1 GTPases Mutated at Position 64; M.S.A. Nur-E-Kamel, H. Maruta. Suppression of the Phenotype of T24 Hras1 Transformed Cells; D.A. Spandidos. Detection of Nras Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia; A.V. Todd, et al. Prognostic Implications of ras Oncogene Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; J. Field. Biological Function of Aplysia Californica Rho Gene; R.P. Ballestero, et al. Localization of RAB Proteins; P. Chavrier, et al. Oncogene Expression and Cervical Cancer; R.P. Symonds, et al. Twentyfour additional articles. Index.

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Book SynopsisSince the first publication of this book in 2007, the field of nanoscience and nanomedicine continues to grow substantially. This second edition, Nanotoxicology: Progress toward Nanomedicine, enlists internationally recognized experts to document the continuing development and rationale for the safe design of engineered nanomaterials (ENM). This includes new improved characterization endpoints, screening, and detection methods for in vitro and in vivo toxicity testing. These tools also contribute greatly to nanosafety research applied to nanomedicines.Topics include The impacts of nanotechnology on biomedicine, including functionalization for tissue-specific targeting, the biointeractions of multifunctional nanoparticle-based therapy, and the ability to control specific physicochemical properties of nanoparticles The requirements for proper detection, measurement, and assessment both for workplace exposure and in consumer proTable of ContentsImpacts of Nanotechnology on Biomedicine. Introduction to Biomedical Nanotechnology. Impact of Bionanointeractions of Engineered Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine. Rational Approach for the Safe Design of Nanomaterials. Characterization of Manufactured Nanomaterials, Dispersion, and Exposure for Toxicological Testing. Exposure. Workplace Inhalation Exposure to Engineered Nanomaterials: Detection, Measurement, and Assessment. Nanotechnology in Consumer Products: Addressing Potential Health and Safety Implications for Consumers. Modeling. Quantitative Nanostructure–Activity Relationships: From Unstructured Data to Predictive Models for Designing Nanomaterials with Controlled Properties. Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Nanomaterials. Methodologies and Techniques. Advanced Methodologies and Techniques for Assessing Nanomaterial Toxicity: From Manufacturing to Nanomedicine Screening. Detection Methods for the In Vivo Biodistribution of Iron Oxide and Silica Nanoparticles: Effects of Size, Surface Chemistry, and Shape. Quantitative Single-Cell Approaches to Assessing Nanotoxicity in Nanomedicine Systems. Imaging Techniques for Nanoparticles in Skin. Hazards. Safety Implications of Nanomaterial Exposure to Skin. Interspecies Comparisons of Pulmonary Responses to Fine and/or Nanoscale Particulates: Relevance for Humans of Particle-Overload Responses in the Rat Model. Current In Vitro Models for Nanomaterial Testing in Pulmonary Systems. Nanoparticles and the Immune System. Carbon Nanotubes and Cardiovascular Disease. Single- and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity and Potential Applications in Neuroregeneration. Current In Vitro Models for Nanomaterial Testing: The Reproductive System. Current In Vitro Models for Nanomaterial Testing: Genotoxicity Issues. Cell-Based Targeting of Anticancer Nanomaterials to Tumors. Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications. Cytotoxicity of Conjugated and Unconjugated Semiconductor and Metal Nanoparticles. Risk Assessment. Issues Related to Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials.Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials: State of the Art and Roadmap for Future Research. Index.

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Book SynopsisCell Membrane Nanodomains: From Biochemistry to Nanoscopy describes recent advances in our understanding of membrane organization, with a particular focus on the cutting-edge imaging techniques that are making these new discoveries possible. With contributions from pioneers in the field, the book explores areas where the application of these novel techniques reveals new concepts in biology. It assembles a collection of works where the integration of membrane biology and microscopy emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this exciting field.Beginning with a broad description of membrane organization, including seminal work on lipid partitioning in model systems and the roles of proteins in membrane organization, the book examines how lipids and membrane compartmentalization can regulate protein function and signal transduction. It then focuses on recent advances in imaging techniques and tools that foster further advances in our understanding of signaling nTable of ContentsPart 1 Diffraction-limited microscopy. Part 2 Super resolution microscopy and advancements in probes and data analysis. Part 3 Protein and lipid nanodomains.

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Book SynopsisBasics of Molecular Recognition explores fundamental recognition principles between monomers or macromolecules that lead to diverse biological functions. Based on the author's longtime courses, the book helps readers understand the structural aspects of macromolecular recognition and stimulates further research on whether molecules similar to DNA or protein can be synthesized chemically.The book begins with the types of bonds that participate in the recognition and the functional groups that are capable of forming these bonds. It then explains how smaller molecules select their partners in the overall recognition scheme, offering examples of specific recognition patterns involving molecules other than nucleic acids. The core of the book focuses on macromolecular recognitionthe central dogma of molecular biology. The author discusses various methods for studying molecular recognition. He also describes how molecules without biological functions can be aTable of ContentsFeatures of Interacting Monomers with Different Functionalities: What Drives the Binding? Molecular Recognition among Various Monomers. Macromolecular Recognition. Methods to Follow Molecular Recognition. Macromolecular Assembly and Recognition with Chemical Entities. Suggested Readings. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a result of the authors' more than 40 years of study on the behavior, populations, and heavy metals in the colonial waterbirds nesting in Barnegat Bay and the nearby estuaries and bays in the Northeastern United States. From Boston Harbor to the Chesapeake, based on longitudinal studies of colonial waterbirds, it provides a clear picture of the toxic trends and effects of heavy metals in the aquatic environment. The authors take a food web, ecosystem approach to contaminants, using population dynamics, habitat selection, and inputs to the bay to examine metal levels. They also look at the human dimension, discuss what metals in birds tell us about human exposure, and describe stakeholder involvement in these issues.The book covers numbers and dynamics, colony sites and locations, and prey contaminant levels, and compares them to other comparable coastal estuaries. It uses colonial waterbirds as the focal point for an ecosystem approach to metals that begins with Trade Review"Reading Habitat, Population Dynamics, and Metal Levels in Colonial Waterbirds: A Food Chain Approach will make you an expert of sorts on Barnegat Bay and the Northeast estuaries. That might seem an ambitious goal for the authors as well as the reader. But it really is not the goal. It is merely the starting point. The bay needs advocates and defenders. And advocates and defenders need experts. That is where you will come in."—Carl Safina, Director, The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (from the Foreword)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION TO BARNEGAT BAY AND NORTHEAST ESTUARIES. Introduction. Barnegat Bay and Other Northeast Estuaries. Species, Methods, and Approaches. HABITAT AND POPULATION DYNAMICS. Habitat. Population Trends of Colonial Waterbirds in Barnegat Bay. Population Trends of Colonial Waterbirds in Other Northeast Bays. Global Warming, Sea Level Rise, and Suitable Nesting and Foraging Habitat. METALS. Overview of Ecotoxicology for Birds. Effects of Metals in Birds. Heavy Metals in Fish, Lower Trophic Levels, and Passerine Birds. Heavy Metal Levels in Terns and Black Skimmers. Heavy Metal Levels in Gulls. Heavy Metal Levels in Herons, Egrets, Night-Herons, and Ibises. IMPLICATIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND THE FUTURE. Heavy Metals, Trophic Levels, Food Chains, and Future Risks. Colonial Waterbirds—The Future. Color Insert. References.

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Book SynopsisAsymmetric synthesis is an integral part of synthetic organic chemistry. Some of the reactions in this book were known prior to 1980, while several new ones, particularly catalytic asymmetric reactions, have been discovered in the recent years. The impact of this new class of reactions has been impressively extensiveboth on organic and medicinal chemistry. These reactions have been accepted whole-heartedly by synthetic organic chemists in developing shorter routes for complex natural targets as well as in the manufacture of a wide range of drug intermediates.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Terms, Definitions and Concepts in Asymmetric Synthesis. Achiral and Chiral Molecules and Their Properties. Prochirality. Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis. Methods for Monitoring Enantioselective and Diastereoselective Synthesis. Methods for Inducing Asymmetry. Chiral Substrate Controlled Asymmetric Reactions: Diastereoselection in acyclic systems. Chiral auxiliary controlled asymmetric reactions—Asymmetric α-alkylations. Chiral Stoichiometric Reagent Controlled Asymmetric Synthesis: Chiral Boron Reagents. Chiral Catalyst Mediated Asymmetric Reactions: Enzymes. Chiral Organometallic Catalysed Asymmetric Reactions: Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidations, Dihydroxylations and Aminohydroxylations. Chiral Organometallic Catalysed Asymmetric Reactions. Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis—Chiral Additive Mediated Reactions. Asymmetric Aldol Reaction. Asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions. Stereoselective Synthesis and Stereospecific Synthesis. Index.

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Book SynopsisOut of the study of the intricacies of the genome and gene regulation, arose a new science that was independent of actual DNA changes, but critical in maintaining gene regulation and genetic stability.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The book by Kovalchuk and Zemp is a successful attempt to provide the most recent approaches for identifying epigenetic variation in plants. … it is without doubts that the publication should be in every bookcase of molecular scientists interested in epigenetics. I can also recommend it for plant ecologists and evolutionists engaged in epigenetic variation in plants because some methods can be a good improvement of the currently commonly used approaches.” (Vit Latzel, Folia Geobotanica, Vol. 48, 2013)Table of ContentsTable of Contents Preface Contributors Analysis of DNA Methylation in Plants by Bisulfite Sequencing Andrea M. Foerster and Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid Analysis of bisulfite sequencing data from plant DNA with CyMATE Andrea M. Foerster, Jennifer Hetzl, Christoph Müllner and Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid Analysis of locus-specific changes in methylation patterns using a COBRA (combined bisulfite restriction analysis) assay Alex Boyko and Igor Kovalchuk Detection of changes in global genome methylation using the cytosine-extension assay Alex Boyko and Igor Kovalchuk In situ analysis of DNA methylation in plants Palak Kathiria and Igor Kovalchuk Analysis of mutation/rearrangement frequencies and methylation patterns at a given DNA locus using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) Alex Boyko and Igor Kovalchuk Isoschizomers and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) for the Detection of Specific Cytosine Methylation Changes Leonor Ruiz-García, Jose Antonio Cabezas, Nuria de María, María-Teresa Cervera Analysis of small RNA populations using hybridization to DNA tiling arrays Martine Boccara, Alexis Sarazin, Bernard Billoud, Agnes Bulski, Louise Chapell, David Baulcombe and Vincent Colot Northern blotting techniques for small RNAs Todd Blevins qRT-PCR of small RNAs Erika Varkonyi-Gasic and Roger P. Hellens Cloning new small RNA sequences Yuko Tagami, Naoko Inaba and Yuichiro Watanabe Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interaction by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and DNAMicroarray Hybridization (ChIP-chip). Part A – ChIP-chip Molecular Methods Julia J. Reimer and Franziska Turck Genome-wide mapping of protein-DNA interaction by chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA microarray hybridization (ChIP-chip). Part B – ChIP-chip data analysis Ulrike Göbel and Franziska Turck Metaanalysis of ChIP-chip data Julia Engelhorn and Franziska Turck Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Protocol for Histone Modifications and Protein-DNA Binding Analyses in Arabidopsis Stéphane Pien, Ueli Grossniklaus cDNA Libraries for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Andrea T. Todd, Enwu Liu and Jonathan E. Page Detection and quantification of DNA strand breaks using the ROPS (random oligonucleotide primed synthesis) assay Alex Boyko and Igor Kovalchuk Reporter gene-based recombination lines for studies of genome stability Palak Kathiria and Igor Kovalchuk Plant transgenesis Alicja Ziemienowicz

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses how proteins and RNA interact to carry out biological functions such as protein synthesis, regulation of gene expression, genome defense, liquid phase separation and more.The topics addressed in this volume will appeal to researchers in biophysics, biochemistry and structural biology.Table of ContentsPart 1: RNA Binding Proteins.- Chapter 1: How proteins recognize RNA.- Chapter 2: The interaction between L7Ae family of proteins and RNA kink turns.- Chapter 3: Evolving methods in defining the role of RNA in RNP assembly.- Chapter 4: Single-molecule studies of exonuclease: Following cleavage actions one step at a time.- Chapter 5: Fitting in the age of single-molecule experiments: A guide to maximum-likelihood estimation and its advantages.- Part II: Transcription and Translation.- Chapter 6: A single-molecule view on cellular and viral RNA synthesis.- Chapter 7: Single-Molecule Optical Tweezers Studies of Translation.- Part III: RNA-Guided Protein Machineries.- Chapter 8: Biophysical and biochemical approaches in the analysis of Argonaute-miRNA complexes.- Chapter 9: Biophysics of RNA-guided CRISPR immunity.- Chapter 10: Dynamics of MicroRNA Biogenesis.

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Book SynopsisCobalamin (vitamin B12) was discovered in the first half of the 20th century. Vast amount of information on the role of the vitamins in human health and disease became available. Cobalamin science was, however, based on theoretical concepts that have been accepted without further proof of facts and hypotheses. Recently, the breath-taking pace of development in research technologies has changed our understanding for the role of nutrients and the complex interaction between diet, environment and diseases. Conditions like aging, diet and drugs increase the risk of developing cobalamin deficiency, probably because of diminished ability to liberate, absorb or distribute the food-derived vitamin. From a basic science point of view, understanding of the transport and function of the vitamin, may pave the road for using this system for drug delivery. This book represents up-to-date literature on the discoveries and developments in the field of cobalamin. It includes multifacetTable of ContentsMilestones in the Discovery of Pernicious Anemia and Its Treatment. Nutritional and Biochemical Aspects of Cobalamin throughout Life. Intracellular Processing and Utilization of Cobalamins. Inherited Defects of Cobalamin Metabolism. Conditions and Diseases that Cause Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Form Metabolism to Diseases. Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Developing and Newly Industrialising Countries. Vitamin B12 in Neurology and Aging. The Role of Cobalamin in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems: Mechanistic Insights. Laboratory Markers and Diagnosis of Cobalamin Deficiency. Cobalamin during Pregnancy and Lactation. Vitamin B12 after Birth and during Early Life. Cobalamin – Folate Interactions. Extreme Vitamin B12 Concentrations in Clinical Practice in the Absence of Symptoms or B12 Treatment. Vitamin B12 and Drug Development.

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Book SynopsisCarbocation chemistry is not only fundamental to the advancement of organic chemistry, it also has found widespread applications in organic synthesis. It is not an exaggeration to say that carbocation chemistry is part of the foundation of organic chemistry. Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis provides a panoramic view of carbocation chemistry with an emphasis on synthetic applications. This book is an invaluable tool for organic, medicinal and analytical chemists, including those working in biochemistry as well as the petroleum, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. It is also suitable for upper level undergraduates and graduates in organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction Nomenclature, Structure, and Stability Generation of Carbocations The Non-Classical Ion Controversy Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Elimination reactions Rearrangement Reactions of Carbocations References Chapter 2. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution – SN1 Introduction -Activated Alcohols—Brønsted Acids -Activated Alcohols—Lewis Acids Alkylation of Aldehydes and Ketones Glycosylation Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Acylation Electrophilic Fluorination Using Fluoronium Ion Miscellaneous SN1-related Reactions References Chapter 3. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution – SN2 Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers Sulfur Chemistry Organometallic Chemistry Macrocyclization Glycosylation Nucleoside Analogues N-Alkylation Cyclotetraphosphazenes Conformationally Locked Tetrahydropyran Ring The Ionic Liquid Effect Silver Chemistry References Chapter 4. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes Introduction Cyclopropanation Hydroboration/Oxidation The Pauson–Khand Reaction Prins Reaction Schmidt Reaction Halogenation Oxymercuration/Reduction Epoxidation Gold-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydration Conclusion References Chapter 5. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Introduction Nitration Halogenation Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Friedel–Crafts Acylation Applications of Friedel–Crafts Reaction on Total Synthesis Miscellaneous Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions References Chapter 6. Fragmentation and Rearrangement Reactions Claisen Rearrangements Cope Rearrangements Cope Rearrangements Aldehyde (or Ketone) Formation Rearrangements Carboxylic Acid Formation Rearrangements Alcohol Formation Rearrangements Amine Formation Rearrangement Amides Hydrocarbon Rearrangements Oxacyclic, Carbocyclic, Oxazoles, Tetrahydrapuran and Tetrahydropuran Formation Rearrangements Rearrangements resulting in less common functional groups Fragmentations References

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Book SynopsisEver-increasing interest in oceanography and marine biology and their relevance to global environmental issues create a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review has catered to this demand since its founding by the late Harold Barnes more than 50 years ago. Its objectives are to consider, annually, the basic areas of marine research, returning to them when appropriate in future volumes; to deal with subjects of special and topical importance; and to add new subjects as they arise.The favourable reception and complimentary reviews accorded to all the volumes shows that the series is fulfilling a very real need. Volume 54 follows closely the objectives and style of the earlier volumes, continuing to regard the marine scienceswith all their various aspectsas a unity. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects of marine science are dealt with by experts actively engaged in these fields. Trade ReviewThis textbook provides a comprehensive review of the fields of oceanography and marine biology. While the authors go into great detail to explain the subjects in each chapter, thelanguage is straightforward and is adequately suitable for students at an undergraduate level and above. Each chapter presents a unique consideration for those studying the fields of oceanography and marine biology… Portions of the book may be helpful to those natural product chemists studying specific organisms (phytoplankton) or sites (SE Australia). Melissa M. Galey & Laura M. Sanchez, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, US, in J. Nat. Prod. 2017, 80, 2591−2592Table of ContentsBenthic barcoding/metagenomics. The contrasting ecology of macrotidal and microtidal estuaries. The role of habitat complexity and association for demersal marine fish. Biodiversity and urbanisation: consequences of adaption to climate change. Ecophysiological threats to coral communities. Ecological impacts of marine tailings placement.

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