Production and quality control management Books

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThe aim of Design for Reliability (DFR) is to design for zero failures of critical system functions, which results in enormous savings in life cycle costs for producers and users. This practical guide helps readers to understand the best-of-breed methods, technologies, and tools for incorporating reliability into the complex systems design process.Table of ContentsContributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Introduction: What You Will Learn xix 1 Design for Reliability Paradigms 1 Dev Raheja Why Design for Reliability? 1 Reflections on the Current State of the Art 2 The Paradigms for Design for Reliability 4 Summary 13 References 13 2 Reliability Design Tools 15 Joseph A. Childs Introduction 15 Reliability Tools 19 Test Data Analysis 31 Summary 34 References 35 3 Developing Reliable Software 37 Samuel Keene Introduction and Background 37 Software Reliability: Definitions and Basic Concepts 40 Software Reliability Design Considerations 44 Operational Reliability Requires Effective Change Management 48 Execution-Time Software Reliability Models 48 Software Reliability Prediction Tools Prior to Testing 49 References 51 4 Reliability Models 53 Louis J. Gullo Introduction 53 Reliability Block Diagram: System Modeling 56 Example of System Reliability Models Using RBDs 57 Reliability Growth Model 60 Similarity Analysis and Categories of a Physical Model 60 Monte Carlo Models 62 Markov Models 62 References 64 5 Design Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 67 Louis J. Gullo Introduction to FMEA and FMECA 67 Design FMECA 68 Principles of FMECA-MA 71 Design FMECA Approaches 72 Example of a Design FMECA Process 74 Risk Priority Number 82 Final Thoughts 86 References 86 6 Process Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis 87 Joseph A. Childs Introduction 87 Principles of P-FMECA 87 Use of P-FMECA 88 What Is Required Before Starting 90 Performing P-FMECA Step by Step 91 Improvement Actions 98 Reporting Results 100 Suggestions for Additional Reading 101 7 FMECA Applied to Software Development 103 Robert W. Stoddard Introduction 103 Scoping an FMECA for Software Development 104 FMECA Steps for Software Development 106 Important Notes on Roles and Responsibilities with Software FMECA 116 Lessons Learned from Conducting Software FMECA 117 Conclusions 119 References 120 8 Six Sigma Approach to Requirements Development 121 Samuel Keene Early Experiences with Design of Experiments 121 Six Sigma Foundations 124 The Six Sigma Three-Pronged Initiative 126 The RASCI Tool 128 Design for Six Sigma 129 Requirements Development: The Principal Challenge to System Reliability 130 The GQM Tool 131 The Mind Mapping Tool 132 References 135 9 Human Factors in Reliable Design 137 Jack Dixon Human Factors Engineering 137 A Design Engineer’s Interest in Human Factors 138 Human-Centered Design 138 Human Factors Analysis Process 144 Human Factors and Risk 150 Human Error 150 Design for Error Tolerance 153 Checklists 154 Testing to Validate Human Factors in Design 154 References 154 10 Stress Analysis During Design to Eliminate Failures 157 Louis J. Gullo Principles of Stress Analysis 157 Mechanical Stress Analysis or Durability Analysis 158 Finite Element Analysis 158 Probabilistic vs. Deterministic Methods and Failures 159 How Stress Analysis Aids Design for Reliability 159 Derating and Stress Analysis 160 Stress vs. Strength Curves 161 Software Stress Analysis and Testing 166 Structural Reinforcement to Improve Structural Integrity 167 References 167 11 Highly Accelerated Life Testing 169 Louis J. Gullo Introduction 169 Time Compression 173 Test Coverage 174 Environmental Stresses of HALT 175 Sensitivity to Stresses 176 Design Margin 178 Sample Size 180 Conclusions 180 Reference 181 12 Design for Extreme Environments 183 Steven S. Austin Overview 183 Designing for Extreme Environments 183 Designing for Cold 184 Designing for Heat 186 References 191 13 Design for Trustworthiness 193 Lawrence Bernstein and C. M. Yuhas Introduction 193 Modules and Components 196 Politics of Reuse 200 Design Principles 201 Design Constraints That Make Systems Trustworthy 204 Conclusions 210 References and Notes 211 14 Prognostics and Health Management Capabilities to Improve Reliability 213 Louis J. Gullo Introduction 213 PHM Is Department of Defense Policy 216 Condition-Based Maintenance vs. Time-Based Maintenance 216 Monitoring and Reasoning of Failure Precursors 217 Monitoring Environmental and Usage Loads for Damage Modeling 218 Fault Detection, Fault Isolation, and Prognostics 218 Sensors for Automatic Stress Monitoring 220 References 221 15 Reliability Management 223 Joseph A. Childs Introduction 223 Planning, Execution, and Documentation 229 Closing the Feedback Loop: Reliability Assessment, Problem Solving, and Growth 232 References 233 16 Risk Management, Exception Handling, and Change Management 235 Jack Dixon Introduction to Risk 235 Importance of Risk Management 236 Why Many Risks Are Overlooked 237 Program Risk 239 Design Risk 241 Risk Assessment 242 Risk Identification 243 Risk Estimation 244 Risk Evaluation 245 Risk Mitigation 247 Risk Communication 248 Risk and Competitiveness 249 Risk Management in the Change Process 249 Configuration Management 249 References 251 17 Integrating Design for Reliability with Design for Safety 253 Brian Moriarty Introduction 253 Start of Safety Design 254 Reliability in System Safety Design 255 Safety Analysis Techniques 255 Establishing Safety Assessment Using the Risk Assessment Code Matrix 260 Design and Development Process for Detailed Safety Design 261 Verification of Design for Safety Includes Reliability 261 Examples of Design for Safety with Reliability Data 262 Final Thoughts 266 References 266 18 Organizational Reliability Capability Assessment 267 Louis J. Gullo Introduction 267 The Benefits of IEEE 1624-2008 269 Organizational Reliability Capability 270 Reliability Capability Assessment 271 Design Capability and Performability 271 IEEE 1624 Scoring Guidelines 276 SEI CMMI Scoring Guidelines 277 Organizational Reliability Capability Assessment Process 278 Advantages of High Reliability 282 Conclusions 283 References 284 Index 285

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Book SynopsisCovers basic principles and proactive and pragmatic quality function deployment (QFD) methods. Explains how to arrange groups in an industrial organization into design and development teams. Describes how to implement QFD to effectively produce quality products in a fashion that meets customers'' needs. This book includes aspects of modern planning techniques, technological forecasting methods and value engineering.Table of ContentsQuality Function Deployment. Constructing Basic QFD Matrices. Creative Expansion of the House of Quality and OtherMatrices. Variations on a Theme: Customer-Oriented Product Concepting. Linking QFD to Planning. Technological Forecasting Applied to QFD. Organizing and Launching a QFD Project. Quality Function Deployment: Behavioral and OrganizationalAspects. Voice of the Customer (VOC). Some Parting Comments. Index.

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Book SynopsisDivided into four sections, the first and third reflect the fact that there are two types of equipment required in the plant--one in which the actual product is synthesized or processed such as the fermentor, centrifuge and chromatographic columns; and the other that supplies support for the facility or process including air conditioning, water and waste systems. Part two describes such components as pumps, filters and valves not limited to a certain type of equipment. Lastly, it covers planning and designing the entire facility along with requirements for containment and validation of the process.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: PROCESS SYSTEMS. Fermentor Design (M. Charles & J. Wilson). Large-Scale Animal Cell Culture (G. Smith). Cell Separation Systems (B. Sharma). SYSTEM COMPONENTS. Vessels for Biotechnology: Design and Materials (P. Meyer). Pumps (R. Stover). Instrumentation and Control of Bioprocesses (T. Hartnett). SUPPORT SYSTEMS. Sterilization of Process Equipment (T. Oakley). Biowaste Decontamination Systems (K. Nelson). Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) (D. Dobie). FACILITY DESIGN. Project Planning (J. Boland). Validation of Biopharmaceutical Facilities (R. Baird & P. De Santis). Glossary of Abbreviations. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe emphasis of Quality is pervading every facet of business, and managers are required to know and apply TQM principles.Table of Contents1. Quality as a Strategy 1 The Global Battleground 2 The PIMS Study 4 The History of Quality in the United States 6 A New Theory of Quality 9 The MIT Commission Findings 12 The New Management Approach 14 TQM and the Corporate Strategy 16 Does TQM Work? 17 Overview of the Book 20 Key Terms 21 Assignments 21 Case Study: Provisions, Inc.—The Cooked Meat Division 22 Bibliography 23 2. What is TQM? 25 Introduction 25 The First Approach: Defining Quality? 26 The Transcendent Approach 26 The Product-based Aproach 26 The User-based Approach 27 The Manufacturing-Based Approach 27 Value-based Approach 28 The Second Approach: TQM Practices 31 ISO Standards 31 The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award 34 The International Quality Study 34 The Third Approach: The Philophies of Leading Sages 37 Deming 37 Juran 40 Crosby 43 Feigenbaum 45 Ishikawa 48 Tagachi 49 Summarizing the Philosophies 51 The Fourth Approach: Evolution of Quality Thinking in Japan 52 Summary 58 Key Terms 39 Assignments 59 Bibliography 61 3. The Baldrige Award 63 Introduction 64 Overview of History, Purpose, and Operations 64 Legislation 64 Aware Purpose 65 Roles and Responsibility 65 Applications for the Award 66 The Award Criteria 66 Positioning the Award Criteria 68 The Evaluation System for Applicants 71 Values and Concepts 71 Criteria Framework 73 Scoring Guidelines 74 Business Factors 75 The Board of Examiners 76 Appointment and Training 76 Establishing Standards and Consistency 77 Code of Conduct 77 Applicant Evaluation and Feedback 79 Review 79 Consensus Review 79 Site Review 80 Judges’ Recommendations 80 The Feedback Report 80 The Award Criteria in Practice 81 Developing the Core Values 81 Customer-Driven Quality 83 Leadership 84 Continuous Improvement and Learning 84 Employee Participation and Development 84 Fast Response 85 Design Quality and Prevention 85 Long-Range View of the Future 86 Management by Fact 86 Partnership Development 87 Corporate Responsibility and Citizenship 87 Results Orientation 88 Impact of the Baldridge Award 88 U.S, Industry and Government 88 The Characteristics of Successful Applicants 90 The Stale Awards 90 Overseas Leadership 92 The Baldrige Aware and ISO 9000 Standards 93 Use in Education 94 Future of the Award and Continuous Improvement 94 Summary 95 Key Terms 96 Assignments 96 Case Study 101 Case Study: Colony Fasteners, Inc. 113 Bibliography 117 4. Measures of Quality Product and Quality Process: The Traditional Approach 119 Introduction 119 The Evolution of the Cost of Quality 122 The Traditional Cost-of-Quality Model 122 Conformance Costs 123 Nonconformance 123 Limitations to the Cost of Quality 129 Summary 133 Key Terms 133 Assignments 133 Case Study: Matthews-Thornton Manufacturing Co. 134 Bibliography 137 5. Measures of Quality Product and Quality Process: The Emerging Cost-of-Quality Model 139 Introduction 139 Other Methods to Measure the Cost of Quality 140 Sustaining Cost of Quality: The Xerox Story 144 Lessons from Xerox 151 Accounting Support of TQM 151 Other Measures of TQM 152 Information Systems Support 155 Implementation 155 Summary 156 Key Terms 157 Assignments 157 Cost of Quality Assignment 158 Case Study: Materials and Control Corporation 160 Bibliography 163 6. Continuous Improvement: Basic Tools 165 Overview of Continuous Improvement 165 Relationship of Chapters 6, 7, and 8 to Continual Improvement 167 Data Types and Summaries 168 Types of Data 168 Populations and Samples 169 Data Summarization 169 Tabular and Graphic Summarization of Numeric Data 170 Tabular Summaries for Numeric Data: Frequency Distributions 170 Graphic Summaries for Numeric Data: Histograms and Stem-and-Leaf Displays 172 Other Graphic Tools 179 Graphs for Categorical Data: Bar Charts, Pie Charts, and Pareto Diagrams 179 Graphs for Time-Ordered Data: Run Charts 185 Flow Diagrams 185 Cause-and-Effect Diagrams 188 Cautionary Note on Graphs 190 Facilitating Data Collection: Check Sheets 190 Numeric Data Summarization 192 Measures of Location: The Mean and the Median 192 Measures of Spread: The Standard Deviation, Variance, Range, and Percentiles 194 A Graphic Display of Numeric Summaries: The Box Plot 196 Graphing the Relationship Between Two Variables: The Scatter Diagram 196 The Seven-Step Method for Continuous Improvement 199 The Seven Steps 200 Relation to the PDCA Cycle 201 Summary 203 Key Terms 203 Assignments 204 Case Study: Accelerating Improvement 207 Case Study: Motorola-Codex 221 Bibliography 230 7. Continuous Improvement: Statistical Process Control 231 Introduction 231 The Seven Basic Tools 232 Control Charts 232 Sources of Variation 232 Introduction to Control Charts 232 Attributes and Variables 235 Control Charts for Attributes 236 p Charts and np Charts 236 c Charts and u Charts 238 Control Charts for Variables 241 X-bar Charts and R Charts 243 Control Charts for Individuals 243 Out-of-Control Patterns 244 The Development of Control Charts 248 The Development of p Charts 248 np Charts 252 c Charts 252 u Charts 252 X-bar Charts 253 R Charts 253 Control Chart for Individual Measurement 254 Moving Range Control Chart 254 Statistics, Probability, and Random Variables 254 Inferential Statistics 254 Random Sampling 256 Enumerative and Analytical Studies 256 Probability 257 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 258 The Expectation of a Random Variable 259 The Variance and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable 262 Discrete Versus Continuous Random Variables 262 The Normal Distribution 264 The Standard Normal Distribution and Normal Probability Tables 265 Finding Probabilities for Normal Distribution: The General Case 270 Problems Where Areas Are Given 273 The Behavior of Samples 275 The Behavior of Sample Means: The Central Limit Theorem 276 The Behavior of Sample Ranges 281 The Behavior of Sample Proportions 281 Statistical Basis for the Development of Control Charts 286 p Charts 286 np Charts 288 c Charts and u Charts 289 X-bar Charts 289 R Charts 293 Control Chart for Individual Measurements 294 Moving Range Control Chart 295 References 295 Summary 295 Key Terms 296 Assignments 296 Case Study: Understanding the Trade Deficits 305 Bibliography 307 8. Continuous Improvement: Some Advanced Tools 309 Introduction 309 Enhancing the Seven-Step Method 310 Developing an Affinity Diagram 311 Electronic Brainstorming 318 Process Capability and Six-Sigma Quality 319 The Cp Index 320 The Cpk Index 321 Six Sigma Quality 323 Taguchi’s Loss Function 325 The Goal Post View of Quality 325 The Loss Function 326 Design of Experiments 331 Case Discussion: Product Improvement by Application of Taguchi Methods 333 The Factor Listing 334 The Orthogonal Array and Experimental Results 334 An Analogy 335 Randomization and Fractional Factorial Experiments 336 The Signal-to-Noise Ratio 336 Analysis of Results 337 Conclusions 338 Summary 339 Key Terms 340 Assignments 340 Case Study: Product Improvement by Application of Taguchi Methods 341 Appendix 8.1: Steps for Building an Affinity Diagram 353 Appendix 8.2: How Signal-to-Noise Ratios Work 356 Bibliography 358 9. Customer Measurement I: Traditional Multi-Attribute Methods 359 Introduction 360 Multi-Attribute Model 361 Identifying Important Attributes 362 Plot Existing Objects in Attribute Space: Employ Data Reduction Techniques to Improve Data Interpretation 363 Measure Consumer Perceptions Via Rating Scales 366 Determine the importance Weights of Attributes 368 Base New Product Design on Filling Gaps in the Perceptual Space 368 Market Segmentation 369 Case Studies 369 Johnson Wax Enhance Conditioner 369 Suzuki Samurai 371 Telecom Inc. 371 Conjoint Analysis 374 Implications and Discussion 380 Summary 381 Key Terms 382 Assignment 382 Case Study:ABC Snacks 384 Bibliography 389 10. Customer Measurement II: Quality Function Deployment 391 Introduction 392 QFD and the House of Quality 393 An Overview of QFD 394 Building the House of Quality; An Example 397 Customer Inputs/Voice of Customer 397 Technical Inputs 397 Key Output: EC Weights and Target Values 398 Implications 398 Research Methodology Issues 398 Developing a List of CAs 399 Grouping and Labeling CAs 399 Measuring Attribute Importance 399 Qualitative Research Emphasis 400 The Kano Questionnaire 400 Implementing QFD—The Manager’s View 402 Organizational Behavior Implications 403 Case Studies 404 Puritan-Bennett Spirometers 404 Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. 405 Closing Thoughts 405 Summary 409 Key Terms 410 Assignments 410 Voice of the Customer Assignment 411 Constructing the House of Quality Assignment 413 Case Study; Quality Function Deployment at Knight Inc. 415 Bibliography 422 11 Initiating TQM: Managing Change 425 Introduction 425 Theories of Organizational Change 425 Types of Change 427 Understanding The Model for Change; Creating Dissatisfaction with the Status Quo 428 Understanding the Model for Change: The New Model of Managing 430 Understanding the Change Model: Implementation 432 Understanding the Change Model: Cost of the Change 434 Theory to Practice: Implementing TQM 435 TQM and Organizational Structure 445 Implementing TQM Programs 447 Implementing TQM 449 Summary 452 Key Terms 452 Assignments 452 Case Study: Ilank Snow and East Coast Electric: Instituting TQM 454 Bibliography 459 12. Employee Practices in Total Quality Management Organizations 461 Introduction 461 Employee Involvement and TQM: Similarities and Differences 462 Employee Involvement; Technique Adoption 464 Employee Involvement: Program Elements 466 Employee Involvement and Total Quality Management 466 HR Policies and TQM 469 A Model for Organizational Design 470 Organizational Structures 470 Management Processes 473 Selection Techniques 473 Development and Training 474 Rewards and Incentives 474 Performance Management 474 Pay Systems and Rewards 475 Summary: HR Systems 476 People Policies and TQM; Teams and Teamwork 476 Teams in TQM 477 Building Teams 478 Leadership .Roles in Teams 482 Self-Managing Work Teams 483 Unions and Total Quality Management 484 Empowering Organizational Members 486 Summary 488 KeyTerms 488 Assignments 489 Developing Performance and Task Deployment Assignment 489 Case Study: Upper Valley Health Clinic 494 Bibliography 499 13 TQM and the Product Development Process 501 Introduction 501 Structuring the Development Process 502 Structuring the Work 502 Aggregate Project Plan 505 Organizing the Resources 505 Defining the Product 507 The “Fuzzy Front End” 508 Consequences of Poor Definition and Management 508 Product. Definition 508 Identifying Customer Requirements 509 Setting Target Specifications 509 Creating Concepts 510 Selecting and Refining a Concept 511 Designing and Developing the Product 511 Architecture and Modularity 512 Advantages of Modularity 512 Conscious Architecture 512 Design for Manufacturability 513 Design for Assembly 513 Design to Cost 515 Design for Usability 515 Prototype-Test-and-Refine 516 Concurrent Engineering 517 Design Iterations 518 Design Structure Matrix 518 Implementing Concurrent Engineering 519 Summary 519 Key Terms 520 Assignments 520 Case Study: Plus Development Corp (A)—Abridged 522 Bibliography 529 14. Reengineering and TQM: The Role of Information Technology 531 IT and Process Improvement 532 Differences Between TQM and Reengineering 532 The Impact of IT on the Bottom Line 533 Making an Impact with IT 534 A Reengineering .Methodology 535 Stage 1–Business Goals and Constraints 535 Stage 2–Selecting a Process for Improvement 538 Stage 3–Creating the New IT-Based Process 540 Stage 4–Developing the Systems are the Organization Structures 541 Stage 5–Effecting the Culture Change and implementing tire System 544 Post-Reengineering 546 Quality Information Systems 547 Communication of QI Team Activities 547 Process-Related Information for QI Teams 548 Operational Information to Support Corporate Goals 550 Summary 556 Key Terms 557 Assignments 557 Case Study: Morewood Enterprises 558 Bibliography 559 15. Benchmarking 561 Introduction 561 Traditional Approaches to Gathering Information 563 The Evolution of Benchmarking 564 Competitive Benchmarking 566 Benchmarking Product Characteristics 566 Benchmarking Product. Costs 567 Examples of Cost Benchmarking 568 Process Benchmarking 570 An Example of Process Benchmarking 572 Process Flow Mapping 573 Strategic Benchmarking 577 An Example—Benchmarking Diversity 578 Key Issues in Benchmarking 581 What Should Be Benchmarked? 581 Who Should Be on the Team? 581 Who Should Be Selected as Benchmarking Partners? 582 What Legal Issues Are Involved? 583 What Arc Some Common Pitfalls? 584 The Partner’s Perspective 584 Handling Benchmarking Requests 585 Benefits of Being a Host 586 Criteria for Screening Requests 586 Maximizing the Benefit from an Information Exchange 587 Summary 588 Key Terms 588 Assignments 589 Case Study. Simon Alphin: The Benchmarking Study 591 Case Study: Shawmut Industrials—Marta’s Visit 592 Bibliography 593 16. Landmarks on the TQM Road 595 Others That Failed 596 Some Who Are Succeeding 597 The Wallace Company 599 Florida Power & Light 601 The Xerox Story 602 Building Union Support for TQM 604 Building Management Support for TQM 606 Xerox after Winning the Baldrige 609 Landmarks on the TQM Road. 611 The First Landmark:. Awareness 611 The Second Landmark: Understanding 613 Thu Third Landmark; Maturity 615 Summary 618 Assignments 618 Bibliography 619 Author Index 620 Subject Index 622

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the design and improvement of single and multistage production systems. Following the standard production planning and scheduling decision hierarchy, it describes the inputs and outputs at each level of the decision hierarchy and one or more decision approaches.Table of ContentsThe Industrial Enterprise Introduction to the Production System and the Role of Inventory Market Characterization Manufacturing Strategy and the Supply Chain Aggregate Planning Single Stage Inventory Control Decentralized Pull Systems Multi-Stage Production Systems: Materials Requirements Planning for Dependent Demand Multi-Stage Models Lean Manufacturing and the Just-in-Time Philosophy Shop Scheduling Shop Floor Control: Systems and Extensions

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Book SynopsisISO 9000 authority, Greg Hutchins, presents a comprehensive resource that will assist anyone seeking information and updates on ISO standards. The workbook outlines a proven approach to developing and maintaining quality systems documentation. Starting with a review of quality procedures, work instructions and quality manuals, Hutchins includes a complete explanation of how to prepare each type of quality documentation. Sample quality manuals are included along with step-by-step advice and guidelines. Contains dozens of sample quality procedures and work instructions for a wide variety of business processes.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: HOW TO WRITE QUALITY DOCUMENTATION. The Quality Manual and Its Policies. Tips for Developing the Quality Manual. Quality Documentation. SAMPLE QUALITY MANUALS. Quality Manual 1. Quality Manual 4. SAMPLE QUALITY PROCEDURES. ISO 9001 Clause 4.1: Management Responsibility. ISO 9001 Clause 4.3: Contract Review. ISO 9001 4.12: Inspection and Test Status. ISO 9001 4.14: Corrective and Preventive Action. SAMPLE QUALITY FORMS. Approved Supplier List. Corrective Action Status Report. New Product Analysis. Process and Production Instructions. Receiving, In-Process, and Final Inspection Instructions. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisA must-read for manufacturing and quality professionals responsible for distribution, production, and inventory planning, this guide offers detailed coverage of important PIM methods, including just-in-time planning, master production scheduling, capacity planning, and the new efficient Customer Response.Table of ContentsThe Emergence of a Profession. Major Themes in P&IM. Rethinking Business as Usual. Sales and Operations Planning. Demand Management. Customer Linking. Master Production Scheduling. Material Requirements Planning (MRP). Capacity Planning. Plant Scheduling. Supplier Scheduling. Implementation: The Proven Path. The Road Less Traveled. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text provides the reader with a general and widely-applicable problem solving strategy for use in quality improvement. It covers a variety of statistical and "non-statistical" problem-solving tools, and discusses techniques that are useful when problems are solved by groups or teams of people.Table of ContentsIntroduction Detecting and Prioritizing Problems Problem-Solving Strategies Group-Based Problem Solving The Reward Structure: The Human Side of Problem Solving Measurements and Their Importance for Quality Analysis of Information: Graphical Displays and Numerical Summaries Modeling Variability: An Introduction to Probability Distributions Sample Surveys Statistical Inference Under Simple Random Sampling Acceptance Sampling Plans Statistical Process Control: Control Charts Process Capability and PRE-Control Principles of Effective Experimental Design Analysis of Data from Effective Experimental Designs and an Introduction to Factorial Experiments Taguchi Design Methods for Product and Process Improvement Regression Analysis: A Useful Tool for Modeling Relationships

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Book SynopsisBringing together business and engineering to reliability analysis With manufactured products exploding in numbers and complexity, reliability studies play an increasingly critical role throughout a product's entire life cycle-from design to post-sale support.Trade ReviewThis book provides a comprehensive overview of both qualitative and quantitative aspects of reliability. Mathematical and statistical concepts related to reliability modeling and analysis are presented along with important bibliography and a listing of resources which includes journals, reliability standards, other publications, and databases. The coverage of individual topics is not always deep, but this should be a valuable reference for any engineer or statisticial working in reliability. (Short Book Reviews, Vol.20, No. 3, December 2000) "...this should be a valuable reference for any engineer or statistician working in reliability." (Short Book Reviews, Vol. 20, No. 3, December 2000) This book presents a remarkably broad framework for the analysis of the technical and commercial aspects of product reliability.... Written by two highly respected experts in the field, this practical work provides engineers, operations managers, and applied statisticians with both qualitative and quantitative tools for solving a variety of complex, real-world reliability problems. (Zentralblatt Math, Volume 945, No 20, 2000) "...a comprehensive overview..." (Short Book Reviews, December 2000) "...an excellent textbook for an advanced course in biostatistics and also an indispensable reference for biostatisticians and epidemiologists" (Short Book Reviews, December 2000) "...an excellent book, distinguished by excellence of exposition, breadth and comprehensiveness of topical overage, relevance, number and importance of examples, depth of references, and quality of exercises...will become one of the standard references on reliability...so comprehensive...it would provide material for more than a two-semester graduate sequence...will find a warm welcome in the best graduate programs. I strongly recommend it." (Technometrics, Vol. 43, No. 4, November 2001) "I would recommend this book to practitioners and as a graduate level book." (Journal of the American Statistical Association, December 2001)Table of ContentsCONTEXT OF RELIABILITY ANALYSIS. An Overview. Illustrative Cases and Data Sets. BASIC RELIABILITY METHODOLOGY. Collection and Preliminary Analysis of Failure Data. Probability Distributions for Modeling Time to Failure. Basic Statistical Methods for Data Analysis. RELIABILITY MODELING, ESTIMATION, AND PREDICTION. Modeling Failures at the Component Level. Modeling and Analysis of Multicomponent Systems. Advanced Statistical Methods for Data Analysis. Software Reliability. Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance. Model Selection and Validation. RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT, IMPROVEMENT, AND OPTIMIZATION. Reliability Management. Reliability Engineering. Reliability Prediction and Assessment. Reliability Improvement. Maintenance of Unreliable Systems. Warranties and Service Contracts. Reliability Optimization. EPILOGUE. Case Studies. Resource Materials. Appendices. References. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisTo understand and profit from Total Quality Management, companies must pay particular attention to the first word in the phrase-total. The spectacular rewards enjoyed by top companies like 3M, FedEx, and Ben & Jerry''s were earned through a total commitment to achieving superior quality and customer satisfaction across all company functions and processes. Total Quality Management, Second Edition gives you a completely up-to-date look at how 51 of the world''s most successful companies put the total into TQM. Each of these companies, including 13 new additions and 23 Baldrige Award winners, is cited as a benchmark performer in a particular business function. Their examples help you set your sights on specific goals and learn a variety of ways to go about achieving each goal. Each chapter features the best practices of one manufacturing company, one service company, and one small business. Following the examples set by these overachievers, you''ll discover how to: * LeTable of ContentsThe New Management Model. Leadership. Customer Focus. Strategic Planning. Management. Employee Involvement. Training. Reward and Recognition. Employee Focus. Customer Contacts. Design of Products and Services. Process Management. Supplier Quality. Data Collection and Analysis. Benchmarking. Corporate Responsibility and Citizenship. System Assessments. Crossing the River: The Transition to the New Management Model. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisTime Out introduces a revolutionary process, Visible Pull, for integrating the new world-class management tools aimed at cycle time reduction, quality improvement, and optimum customer service. Many leading companiesDuPont, Union Carbide, and International Specialty Chemicalshave seen significant benefits from its application. Typical benefits have included a 10 to 20 percent gain in capacity, a 30 to 40 percent reduction in inventory, a 50 percent reduction in cycle time, and more. In this authoritative new book, one of Visible Pull''s pioneers describes the development of Visible Pull and lays out a detailed roadmap for applying it to your own unique business. With thirty years of hands-on experience, Wayne Smith knows the obstacles that can impede improvement in a plant. Here, he outlines the changes in philosophy and behavior that must take place before progress can be made. Smith differentiates between the traditional, inefficient push scheduling, where forecasts are made and everTable of ContentsMAKING THE DECISION. An Overview. The Foundation for Cycle Time. A Process Overview. How Will We Know When We're Done? ORGANIZATION AND METRICS. The Process Industry and the "We're Different" Syndrome. Organizing For a Time Implementation. Performance Metrics. Other Organizational Tasks. ASSESSING AND PLANNING. Getting Started with the Core Team. Cycle Time Mapping. Simulation Modeling. Assessing Opportunity. Other Tools in the Toolbox. The Business Plan. PULL SCHEDULING. The Pull Concept. Pull Adaptations for the Process Environment. Designing Pull Systems. Additional Design and Management Considerations. VISIBLE MANAGEMENT AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT. Visible Management. Linking Visible Management with Continuous Improvement. Management Structure. The Benchmarks. Notes. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisWith the moves toward globalisation, outsourcing, and the rise of the knowledge-worker workforce, the internal and external environments of high technology enterprise have changed radically. As a consequence, the role and function of the contemporary manager have changed as well.Trade Review"…the authors managed to describe all major aspects on which quality can be built. I use this book as a 'bible' for organizational renewal." (IIE Transactions on Operations Engineering)Table of ContentsIntroduction. PART I: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION. Chapter 1. A Systems View Of Organization. Chapter 2. Systems: A General Concept. Chapter 3. The Total Continuous Process of Improvement and Innovation (TCPI?) Marco System. PART II: MANAGING A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATON. Chapter 4. Organizational Learning. Chapter 5. Systemic Problem Solving (SPS) as an Effective Way of Learning. Chapter 6. Knowledge-Based Innovation. Chapter 7. Knowledge Managers and Knowledge Workers. Chapter 8. Knowledge Transfer and Knowledge Management. PART III: MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT. Chapter 9. On the Road to Globalization. Chapter 10. Managing Mergers, Acquisitions, and Other Strategic Alliances. Chapter 11. Globalization and Culture. PART IV: SOME ASPECTS OF MANAGING QUALITY. Chapter 12. Some Fundamental Concepts of Managing Quality. Chapter 13. Managing Variation: A Requisite for Quality. Chapter 14. Some Major Quality Initiatives. Chapter 15. Achieving High Quality Through Transformational Changes. PART V: RESHAPING THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE. Chapter 16. The System of the Organizational Culture. Chapter 17. Managing the Core of the Organizational System. Chapter 18. Values, Behavioral Standards, and Business Ethics. Chapter 19. Symbols, Symbolic Actions, and Metaphors. Chapter 20. Understanding an Organization's Behavior.

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Book SynopsisIn this third and final part of his definitive trilogy of books on Six Sigma, George Eckes addresses perhaps the most important aspect of Six Sigma implementation - the team dynamic. The previous titles (The Six Sigma Revolution and Making Six Sigma Last) dealt with Six Sigma from strategic and cultural levels respectively.Trade ReviewGeorge Eckes puts the message even more succintly in his book ... he uses the six sigma approachthe elements of superior teams.(The Independent, 5 April 2003)Table of ContentsSix Sigma Team Dynamics: The Elusive Key to Project Success. The Roles and Responsibilities of a Six Sigma Team. Team Effectiveness: How the Lack of Facilitative Leadership Results in Six Sigma Failures. When Six Sigma Meetings Go Bad: Facilitative Interventions and When to Use Them. Managing the Six Sigma Project. Dealing with Maladaptive Six Sigma Behaviors. Completing the Six Sigma Project: The Never Ending Responsibility of the Champion. Pitfalls to Avoid in Creating Six Sigma Team Dynamics. Appendix A: Alpha Omega Call Center DMAIC Templates. Appendix B: 95 Questions Champions Should Ask Their Project Teams. Appendix C: The Champion's Responsibilities. Index.

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Book SynopsisWhile computer-aided design and other technologies are helping businesses achieve a high level of customer satisfaction at a low cost, the implications of these efforts for product lines, distribution and promotion strategies, manufacturing technologies, and operations controls remain unclear.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Acknowledgments. INTERFACES AND DECISIONS IN AN ENTERPRISE. Domain and Process Views of an Enterprise. Manufacturing Marketing Interface. Knowledge Organization for Domain Decisions. PRODUCT DESIGN AND TIME-TO-MARKET. Marketing Approaches to Product Design. Design Engineering. Concurrent Mapping of Product Features. Product Platform and Variety. Product Realization. SUPPLY CHAINS AND RESPONSIVE MANUFACTURING. The Extended Enterprise: A Supply Chain Perspective. Electronic Chains of Suppliers and Customers. Supply Chain Models. Responsive Manufacturing. Subject Index. Author Index.

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Book SynopsisWhen was the last time your company improved productivity from 20 percent to 60 percent-in only four days? Or cut inventory by 50 percent in the same amount of time? Remarkable results like these were delivered by teams of employees and those who participated in the Association for Manufacturing Excellence Kaizen BlitzSM events.Table of ContentsThe Power of the Kaizen Blitz, Learning by Doing. The Context of Kaizen. Improvement Strategy: Implementing the Big Picture. Getting Ready for Kaizen. Timeprints and Takt Times. How to Tell if There is Improvement: Adding Value; Subtracting Waste. Uncovering the Flows-Establishing and Clarifying Process Flows. Forms, Charts, Measurements. Sustaining the Gain. Lean Leadership. Don't Look Back. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is a revision of a classic! This text provides a single source for information on both the structure and management of quality systems and the use of statistics to control and improve quality. It incorporates an international flavor and a good balance of services and manufacturing coverage. It is practical and appropriate for industry practitioners as well.Table of Contents History and Evolution of Quality Control and Assurance Quality and Quality Systems The ISO 9000 Quality System Total Quality Management Review of Fundamental Statistical Concepts Introduction to Control Charts Control Charts for Attributes Control Charts for Variables Special Control Charts Specification Limits, Tolerances, and Related Techniques Process Control and Improvement Techniques Industrial Experimentation Robust Design Reliability Acceptance Sampling for Attributes Attribute Sampling Tables Acceptance Sampling by Variables Special Attribute Sampling Procedures

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Book SynopsisPractical, up-to-date coverage for a new generation of engineering and management professionals. Lawrence S. Aft s Productivity, Measurement, and Improvement has long served as a seminal reference for students and professionals in industrial engineering, quality management, and other related fields.Table of ContentsI Productivity – An Introduction 1 1 Introduction 3 Anecdotes 4 Analysis 8 Why is Productivity a Problem in the United States 10 Ways to Improve Productivity 12 A Role for Industrial Engineering 15 What about Japan 17 Where to From Here? 20 2 Methods Analysis 22 Objectives 22 Introduction 22 The Scientific Method 24 Summary 30 II work Analysis 31 3 Graphical Productivity Analysis 33 Objective 33 Introduction 33 Graphical Analysis Tools 34 Summary 85 Review Questions 86 Practice Exercises 86 4 Work Methods Improvement 105 Objectives 105 Introduction 105 Methods Improvement Defined 106 The Best Method 107 Therblig Analysis 109 Principles of Motion Economy 117 Man vs. Machine 125 Selling the Solution 132 Summary 138 Review Questions 141 Practice Exercise 141 III Measuring Productivity 145 5 Time Study 147 Objectives 147 Introduction 147 Purpose of Work Measurement Studies 148 Rating Job Performance 150 PFD Allowances 151 Calculating the Standard Time 152 Conducting a Time Study 153 Elemental Analysis 160 Determining Number of Cycles to Time 169 Potential Data Recording Difficulties 180 Data Analysis 183 Interpretation of Results 185 Special Cases 189 Summary 203 Review Questions 203 Practice Exercises 204 6 Standard Data Systems 209 Objectives 209 Introduction 209 The Purpose of Standard Data Systems 210 Constructing Standard Data Systems 211 Methodology for Developing Standard Data Systems 226 Advantages of Standard Data Systems 241 Limitations of Standard Data Systems 241 Summary 244 Appendix – Correlation and Regression Analysis 244 Review Questions 249 Practice Exercises 250 7 Predetermined Time Systems 253 Objectives 253 Introductions 253 The Purpose of Predetermined Time Standards 254 Use of Predetermined Time Systems 255 Application of a Hypothetical Predetermined Time System – AFTWAYS 256 Advantages of Predetermined Time Systems 278 Selecting a Predetermined Time System 278 Limitations of Predetermined Time Systems 279 Examples of Existing Predetermined Time Systems 279 Summary 298 Review Questions 298 Practice Exercise 298 8 Work Sampling 299 Objectives 299 Introduction 299 Definition of Work Sampling 300 Conducting a Study 305 Advantages of Work Sampling 319 Limitations of Work Sampling 320 Summary 322 Sample Size Determination 323 Review Questions 324 Practice Exercises 324 9 Physiological Work Measurement 330 Objectives 330 Introduction 330 Measuring Physiological Work 331 Uses of Physiological Work Measurements 335 Implications for Productivity 337 Summary 338 Review Questions 339 10 Labor Reporting 340 Introduction 340 Constructing a Labor Variance Report 341 Variation 343 Labor Efficiency 348 Using Labor Reporting and Work Sampling to Manage Staffing Levels 351 Conclusion 359 Practice Exercises 360 IV Improving Productivity 363 11 Introduction to Ergonomics 365 Objectives 365 Introduction 365 Approach to Human Factors Design 366 Work Design Considerations 373 Industrial Applications of Ergonomics 380 Summary 382 Partial Listing of Design Guidebooks 383 Review Questions 384 12 Incentives to Increase Productivity 385 Objectives 385 Introduction 385 Incentive System Design 388 Types of Incentive Plans 390 The Scanlon Plan 402 The Lincoln electric Plan 404 Summary 408 Review Questions 408 Practice Exercises 409 13 Alternative Methods for Increasing Productivity 412 Objectives 412 Introduction 412 Quality of Work Life 413 Quality Control Circles 419 Work Measurement and Continuous Improvement 429 Alternative Work Pattern – Flextime 433 Other Motivational Approaches to Productivity Improvement 434 Summary 437 Review Questions 438 Bibliography 439 Index 449

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Book SynopsisGets professionals quickly on--line with all the crucial design concepts and skills they need to dramatically improve the maintainability of their products or systems Maintainability is a practical, step--by--step guide to implementing a comprehensive maintainability program within your organizationa s design and development function.Table of ContentsPlanning for Maintainability. Organization for Maintainability. The Measures of Maintainability. Development of the Maintenance Concept. Maintainability Analysis. Maintainability in Design. Maintainability Prediction. Maintenance Task Analysis (MTA). Formal Design Review. Maintainability Test and Demonstration. Maintainability Applcations for Operating Systems. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first edition of Assurance Technologies addresses the various declines within assurance technologies. This new edition addresses fundamentals, which remain appropriate. However, the book also enhances the material by providing current examples, additional methods, techniques, and best practices.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Assurance Technologies, Profits, and Managing Safety-Related Risks. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Cheaper, Better, and Faster Products. 1.3 What is System Assurance. 1.4 Key Management Responsibilities. 1.5 Is System Assurance a Process?. 1.6 System Assurance Programs. References. Further Reading. Chapter 2. Introduction to Statistical Concepts. 2.1 Probabilistic Designs. Construction of a histogram and the empirical distribution. 2.2 Computing reliability. Failure rate and hazard function. 2.3 Normal Distribution. 2.4 Log Normal Distribution. 2.5 Exponential Distribution. 2.6 Weibull Distribution. Plotting the data. 2.8 Discrete Distributions. 2.9 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 3. Reliability Engineering and Safety-related Applications. 3.1 Reliability Principles. 3.2 Reliability in the Design Phase. 3.3 Reliability in the Manufacturing Phase. 3.4 Reliability in the Test Phase. 3.5 Reliability in the Use Phase. 3.6 Reliability and Safety Commonalities. 3.7 Topics foe Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 4. Maintainability Engineering and Safety-related Applications. 4.1 Maintainability Engineering Principles. 4.2 Maintainability during the Design Phase. 4.3 Maintainability in the Manufacturing Stage. 4.4 Maintainability in the Test Stage. 4.5 Maintainability in the Use Stage. 4.6 Maintainability and System Safety. 4.7 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 5. System Safety Engineering. 5.1 System Safety Principles. 5.2 System Safety in Design. 5.3 System Safety in manufacturing. 5.4 System Safety in the Test Stage. 5.5 System Safety in the Use Stage. 5.6 Analyzing System Hazards and Risks. 5.7 Hazard Identification. 5.8 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 6. Quality Assurance Engineering and Preventing Latent Safety Defects. 6.1 Quality Assurance Principles. 6.2 Quality Assurance in the Design Phase. 6.3.Evaluation of pilot run. 6.4 Quality Assurance in the Test Phase. 6.5 Quality Assurance in the Use Phase. 6.6 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 7. Logistics Support Engineering and System Safety Considerations. 7.1 Logistics Support Principles. 7.2 Logistics Engineering during the Design Phase. documentation. 7.3 Logistics Engineering during the Manufacturing Phase. 7.4 Logistics Engineering during the Test Phase. 7.5 Logistics Engineering in the Use Phase. 7.6 Logistics Support Engineering and System Safety. 7.7 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 8. Human Factors Engineering and System Safety Considerations. 8.1 Human Engineering Principles. 8.2 Human Factors in the Design Phase. 8.3 Human Factors in the Manufacturing Phase. 8.4 Human Factors in the Test Phase. 8.5 Human Factors in the Use Phase. 8.6 Additional considerations involving Human Factors and System Safety. 8.7 Real Time and Latent Errors. 8.8 Analyses in Support of Human Factors and System Safety. 8.9 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Chapter 9. Software Performance Assurance. 9.1 Software Performance Principles. 9.2 Software Performance in the Design Phase. 9.3 Software Requirements during Coding and Integration. 9.4 Software Testing. 9.5 Software Performance in the Use Stage. 9.6 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Chapter 10. System Effectiveness. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 System Effectiveness Principles. 10.3 Implementing the Programs. 10.4 Managing by Life-Cycle Costs. 10.5 System Effectiveness Model. 10.6 Author?s Recommendation. 10.7 System Risk and Effects on System Effectiveness. 10.8 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. References. Further Reading. Additional Reading. Chapter 11. Managing Safety-Related Risks. 11.1 Establish the Appropriate Safety Program to Manage Risk. 11.2 Programs to Address Product, Process, and System Safety. 11.3 Resource Allocation and Coast Analysis in Safety Management. 11.4 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. 11.5 System Safety-related Literature. Chapter 12. Statistical Concepts, Loss Analysis, and Safety-Related Applications. 12.1 Use of Distributions and Statistical Applications Associated with Safety. 12.2 Statistical Analysis Techniques used within Safety Analysis. 12.3 Using Statistical Control in Decision-Making for Safety. 12.4 Behavior Sampling. 12.5 Calculating Hazardous Exposures to the Human System. 12.6 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. Further Reading. Chapter 13. Models, Concepts and Examples: Applying Scenario-Driven Hazard Analysis. 13.1 Adverse Sequences. 13.2 Designing Formats for Conducting Analysis and Reporting Results. 13.3 Documentation Reports. 13.4 Conceptual Models. 13.5 Lifecycle of a System Accident. 13.6 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis Example. 13.7 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. Additional Reading and Reference Sources. Chapter 14. Automation, Computer, and Software Complexities. 14.1 Complex Systems Analysis. 14.2 System Context. 14.3 Understanding the Adverse Sequence. 14.4 Additional Software Safety Analysis Techniques. 14.5 True Redundancy. 14.6 Complexities and Hazards within Computer Hardware. 14.7 Initiators, contributors, the Errors Associated with Software. 14.8 Other Specialized Techniques, Analysis Methods, and Tools for Evaluating Software and Computer Systems. 14.9 Existing Legacy Systems, Reusable Software, Commercial Off-the-Shelf Software (COTS) and Non-Development Items (NDI). 14.10 Topics for Student Projects and Theses. Additional References.

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Book SynopsisLow shear polymer powder processing provides unique solutions to many processing problems and offers a set of production techniques, frequently un-paralleled by other production methods. In recent years there has been increased interest in this field but no comprehensive review of the subject has been available until now.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: POLYMER POWDERS. Polymers for Powder Technology (H. Ulrich). Particle Characterization (T. Meloy & M. Williams). Behaviour of Powders in the Bulk (J. Bridgwater). Mixing of Particulate Systems (N. Harnby). Heat Transfer in Particulate Systems (D-W. Sun & R. Crawford). PROCESSING METHODS OF PARTICULATE POLYMERS. Powder Coating (D. Richart). Sintering of Compacted Thermoplastic Powders (M. Narkis). Ram Extrusion of Particulate Polymers (N. Rosenzweig). SPECIAL EFFECTS BY STRUCTURING OF PARTICULATE SYSTEMS. Electrical Conductivity of Powder-Based Segregated Systems (M.Narkis). Powder Impregnation of Advanced Composite Materials (L. Drzal, etal.). SAFETY. Safety in Powder Handling (R. Prugh). Index.

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Book SynopsisBusiness Process Reengineering BreakPoint Strategies for MarketDominance Business Process Reengineering shows you how to take thevital next step to attain market dominance and become a worldleader * A team of internationally recognized Coopers & Lybrandmanufacturing consultants explain why they believe the businessworld needs to move beyond continuous improvement and TQM conceptsto Business Process Reengineering (BPR). * BPR involves a dramatic redesign of business processes,organization structures and use of technology, to achievebreakthroughs in business competitiveness. * The book is based on the authors experience of extensiveinternational work with leading corporations including AT&T,Asea Brown Boveri (ABB), Allied-Signal, and Coca-Cola &Schweppes (CC&SB). * Focusing on the effectiveness of BPR, the book shows howcompanies can streamline operations, and inevitably cut costs, onthe way to creating process excellence in all key aspects of theorganizatiTable of ContentsWhat Is the New Thinking?. Why the New Thinking?. Understanding Processes. Putting the China Back Together. Searching for BreakPoints. The New Assets. Process Management in Large Businesses. Organizing and Managing for Success. A Final Word. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on his own extensive experience, Jones provides rules of thumb essential for the new engineer in industry.Table of ContentsBasic Process Engineering Principles. Common Systems in Chemical Processes. Equipment--Vessels. Pumps. Compressors. Heat Exchangers. Fired Heaters. Process Studies and Economic Analysis. The Process Engineers' Roles in Project Management. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisMuch strategic guidance that is currently available on product and service development is still focused in the relatively short term. Companies must plan and be flexible if they are to survive and flourish in the future, but too many surrender to the necessity for a short-term healthy bottom-line in order to satisfy their shareholders. In order to satisfy and retain customer-base, organizations should not only ensure that their products and services available now are the best around, but that they will also be the best in the future. This is particularly important as product life cycles contract and organisations need to introduce replacement products and services at a faster and faster rate. The globalizing economy and advances in modern technology are also important factors. This book points that way to becoming more competitive and remaining competitive, ensuring a healthy and secure future. It will also help companies identify product and service failures, and eliminate them from tTable of ContentsTime Frame One - Survival in The Present The Organisation Tools and Techniques in this Time Frame Time Frame Two - New Products and Services Organisational Issues Tools and Techniques in this Time Frame New Product Failure and How to Avoid Them in Your Organisation The Start Specifications and Subspecifications - The Control for New Products and Services How Do You Justify the Project to the Accountant? Time Frame Three - New Products and Services and Innovations Innovation Innovation - Tools and Techniques Time Frame Four - Part I New Products and Services over the Horizon A System Rather Than a Process The Effect of New Technology Idea Generation for the Future Time Frame Four - Part II The Process How to Find the Future

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