Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisIn this book, two of the primary sources of flavonoids, ie: plants and fruits (oranges to be specific) are comprehensively reviewed, along with their flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (including action against COVID-19) and toxicity. Besides, a general overview of the analytical techniques for flavonoids determination in their natural sources is provided. Finally, a detailed description of flow techniques and their evolution, together with their role in the automation of the sample pre-treatment and its combination with separation techniques, is also included.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a multi-disciplinary group of educators, researchers and medical doctors, gathers a timely review on the effects of mineral waters upon several aspects of human biology and pathophysiology, as it gives an overview of how mineral waters may provide a positive impact on different settings, namely health promotion and disease prevention as well as rehabilitation and therapy. A major advantage of this book is the gathering of up-to-date information on the benefits, and associated mechanisms, of mineral waters through different routes of internal and external exposure. Concepts and classifications of mineral waters are disclosed. The relevance of spa therapies in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, otorhinolaryngology, rheumatic diseases and dermatology is addressed. The mitigation of diet-induced acid load by mineral waters consumption and its relevance for bone health is discussed. The importance of mineral waters consumption against metabolic dysfunction through gut microbiota modulation is argued. Modulation of membrane transporters by mineral water is reviewed. Mineral Water: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications aims to target health professionals (medical doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, nutritionists and dietitians), educators and students (in the aforementioned subject areas) as well as health science researchers (biochemists, biologists and pharmacists), beverage companies and policymakers.Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Natural Mineral Waters: Concept and Classifications; Clinical and Immunological Effects of Inhaled Thermal Waters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Thermal Waters in Otorhinolaryngology; SPA Therapies and Rheumatic Diseases; Mineral Water Consumption and Diet-Induced Acid Load: Putative Relevance for Bone Health; Mineral Waters in Dermatology; Water A New Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Agent Against Metabolic Dysfunction Through Gut Microbiota Modulation?; Influence of Mineral Waters Upon Membrane Transporters; About the Editor; List of Contributors; Index.

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Book SynopsisTerpenoids are the secondary metabolites of plant derivatives, mainly found in essential oils derived from higher plant sources. Terpenes are simple hydrocarbons, whereas terpenoids are modified terpenes containing different functional groups and oxidised methyl groups. This volume includes seven chapters examining topics related to terpenes and terpenoids. Chapter One describes mono- and sesquiterpenoids isolated from plants of the Inula L. genus and discusses biological activity of extracts and individual sesquiterpene lactones. Chapter Two covers the nature of terpenoids together with their biological activities and their isolation from endemic species from the Asteraceae family growing in Algerian Sahara and used as medicinal plants. Chapter Three introduces a catalyst system using Keggin heteropolyacid salts and hydrogen peroxide to epoxidise terpenic alcohols. Chapter Four examines the phyto-active components of terpenoids as sources of insecticide. Chapter Five describes how organic compounds containing functional groups like ketone, alcohol, and epoxide undergo rearrangement with sulfuric acid, yielding unexpected results. Chapter Six focuses on alkoxylation of terpenes over heterogenous catalysts. Lastly, Chapter Seven presents a discussion about the importance of Brazilian flora for herbal medicine.Table of ContentsPreface; Terpenoids of Inula L.Genus Plants; Phytochemical Prospection of Biologically Active Terpenoids from Saharan Endemic Medicinal Plants; Keggin Heteropolyacid Salts-Catalyzed Terpenes Epoxide Synthesis; Terpenoids: The Phyto-Active Components as Sources of Insecticide; Sulfuric Acid Promoted Molecular Rearrangement: Applications in Synthesis of Terpenoid Compounds; Alkoxylation of Terpenes over Heterogenous Catalysts; Characteristics and Applications of Terpenes and Terpenoids from Brazilian Flora; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis scientific book is about the toxic effects of carbamates, which have a functional carbonyl group, and how these effects can be eliminated. It is aimed to provide knowledge to all scientists related to this field. Although carbamates are generally considered to be pesticides, significant amounts of carbamates are used as medicine. This book contains eight chapters that examine carbamates from a variety of perspectives, including the latest research in this field. Chapter One comprehensively studies the chemical structure of carbamates used as drugs and the poisoning of carbamates. Chapter Two discusses how to develop cheap and efficient modes of remediation from the environment. Chapter Three highlights the important role of microorganisms in the degradation of carbamates. Chapter Four focuses on especially biodeterioration of carbamates by fungi. Chapter Five examines the probiotic microorganisms as detoxification tools in the degradation and transformation of carbamates. Chapter Six reviews the genetic risk that may occur as a result of exposure to carbamate pesticides in living things. Chapter Seven explains the genetic biomarkers that help determine the management of chronic pesticide toxicity by determining different gene polymorphisms in agricultural workers as a result of long-term contact with carbamates. Chapter Eight thoroughly studies the clinical information about intoxication that may arise as a result of carbamate group exposure.

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Book SynopsisBiotechnology harnesses cellular and biochemical systems to advance knowledge of the molecular cause of disease and to provide new diagnostic tools and more precisely targeted drugs. Within a decade, global investment in medical biotechnology has increased more than ten-fold, resulting in therapies for previously untreatable conditions. But what exactly is biotechnology and what are its origins? What further benefits to human health could it offer in the future? Written in an accessible style, contributors to this book explore the history behind different biotechnology tools, how they are used, and how they are reshaping the future of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. Among the technologies examined are genetic engineering, DNA sequencing, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, gene therapy, cancer immunotherapy and the most recent newcomer - synthetic biology. Applying new biotechnologies in medicine is not without great challenges. As medicines shift from small organic molecules to large, complex structures, such as therapeutic proteins, drugs become difficult to make, administer and regulate. This book will intrigue anyone interested in medicine and how we have been, and may continue to, engineer better health for ourselves. Such changes have major implications for how and where drugs are manufactured, the cost of medicine and the ethics of how far society is prepared to go to combat disease.Trade ReviewThe book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *What is biotechnology? This simple question is very hard to answer in a few words. If you define the term broadly, such as manipulation of biological systems to obtain useful products, you would capture the entire history of agriculture along with traditional technologies like brewing and baking. If you approach it with very specific definitions, it will splinter into numerous subdisciplines, including molecular biology, cellular biotechnology and synthetic biology, which again contain quite diverse subsets. To stay focused on modern developments, one could define biotechnology as the set of successful developments growing out of the major revolutions in 20th century molecular and cellular biology, including the techniques to sequence, synthesise and edit DNA, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells and cloning. However, owing to the complexities of dealing with biological source material and applications frequently aimed at human disease, the approach often must be a pragmatic ‘whatever works’, until something else comes along that works better. Thus, pig insulin was replaced by recombinant human insulin produced in bacteria. The forgotten 19th century invention of serum therapy was reborn with molecular specificity when methods to produce monoclonal antibodies were invented. The monoclonals themselves are now at risk of being replaced by more compact molecules such as the nanobodies derived from the single-chain antibodies that are naturally found in camels and their relatives. Marks, a historian of medicine at University College London, is the editor of the website What Is biotechnology? (whatisbiotechnology.org), which was set up as a non-profit organisation to improve public understanding of this field. Out of her work for the website grew this book, to which she contributed the introduction as well as chapters on antibodies and on cancer immunotherapy, while experts from various universities and research institutes wrote chapters on issues including vaccines, gene therapy, stem cells, eye disease and synthetic biology. The fact that the chapters appear to be categorised along different coordinates – some cover a type of disease, some a type of cure, some a research approach – underlines the difficulty of systematically describing what biotechnology is. As the slices are cut in different directions, overlaps between chapters are inevitable. Considering this fundamental difficulty, the book has turned out surprisingly readable, with Marks’ own chapters being very accessible and lay-friendly. The book impresses with 19th and 20th century historical connections to things that are topical today, although some important twists of the early 21st century are missing, including how second-generation sequencing overcame the fundamental limitation of the Sanger method, and the already-mentioned camel antibodies. The answer to the question of what biotechnology is will inevitably change as research moves on. -- Michael Gross, Oxford, UK * Chemistry & Industry Magazine, Issue 05, 2018 *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Biotechnology—An Ever Expanding Toolbox for Medicine; Biopharmaceutical Proteins: The Manufacturing Challenge; Vaccines: The Recombinant Revolution; Monoclonal Antibodies: A Revolution in the Transformation of Healthcare; The Changing Fortune of Cancer Immunotherapy; Gene Therapy: An Evolving Story; Stem Cells: An Emerging Field for Medicine; Protein Therapeutics and Blinding Diseases; Synthetic Biology: A Game Changer?; Synthetic Biology–Engineering Tomorrow’s Medicines

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Book SynopsisThere has been enormous progress in our understanding of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes and relevant inorganic complexes of molybdenum and tungsten over the past twenty years. This set of three books provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the field and documents the latest research. The first volume in the set focusses on the enzymes themselves, and discusses active sites and substrate channels of relevant proteins. The book begins with an introductory overview of the whole field. Chapters are contributed by world leaders and topics covered include pyranopterin cofactor biosynthesis and incorporation of the mature cofactor into apoprotein. Subsequent volumes cover the bioinorganic chemistry relevant to these enzymes and the full range of spectroscopic and theoretical methods that are used to investigate their physical and electronic structure and function. This text will be a valuable reference to workers both inside and outside the field, including graduate students and young investigators interested in developing new research programs in this area.Table of ContentsPart I Molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes; Abundance, ubiquity, and evolution of molybdoenzymes; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis; Bacterial molybdoenzymes; The prokaryotic Mo/W-bisPGD enzyme family; Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family; The sulfite oxidase family of Mo enzymes; Nitrogenase; Tungsten-containing enzymes; Part II Introduction and overview of synthetic Mo and W chemistry; Synthesis of mono- and bisdithiolene Mo and W model compounds; Pterin‐inspired Model Compounds of Molybdenum Enzymes; Synthesis of models for the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes; Electron transfer mechanisms in Mo and W compounds; Comparative kinetics of enzymes and models; Models of the metal clusters of nitrogenase; Part III Overview of spectroscopic and electronic studies of Mo and W enzymes; Spectroscopic and electronic structure studies of Mo model compounds and enzymes; Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of molybdenum enzymes; X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of molybdenum enzymes; Electrochemistry of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Computational studies of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Nitrogen Fixation in Nitrogenase and Related Small-Molecule Models

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Book SynopsisSynthetic biology combines science and engineering in order to design, build and test novel biological functions and systems. As with any multi-disciplinary field, there is a rapidly-growing body of literature concerning synthetic biology and locating the best information or identifying the hottest topics can be time-consuming. This volume captures the expanding primary literature in the form of critical and comprehensive reviews providing the reader with an authoritative digest of the latest developments in this emerging field. Each chapter strives to highlight the most recent findings in specific sub-areas and reviews research reports that were published over the last two to three years. Leading researchers draw material from both dedicated journals and broader sources, revising traditional concepts in light of emerging discoveries while keeping up with recent progress, making this an essential reference to any library supporting this research.Table of ContentsDesign and Applications of Synthetic information Processing Circuits in Mammalian Cells; Self-assembly at the Multi-scale Level: Challenges and New Avenues for Inspired Synthetic Biology Modelling; Protein Scaffolds and Higher-order Complexes in Synthetic Biology; Design of Synthetic Symmetrical Proteins; Designer Proteins for Bottom-up Synthetic Biology; Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Approaches for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction

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Book SynopsisAssuming little previous knowledge of biology, this book aids graduate chemists to close the gap in their knowledge of pharmacology and make the link between medicinal chemistry and the way in which drugs act on the body. The availability of receptor structures has revolutionized drug discovery and development necessitating an up-to-date source of information for chemists entering this new pharmacological world. Chapters, written by experts with an appreciation of most graduate chemists’ knowledge, explain the history of pharmacology, the relationship between receptor structure and function and receptor pharmacology relevant to drug design. Importantly, as drugs are normally discovered in test rather than therapeutic systems, this text describes how pharmacology provides methods to characterize drug activity through scales that allow prediction of drug effect in all systems. Moreover, it outlines the relationship between drug distribution in the body and the action of drugs in particular organ systems relevant to disease. Readers will also find information on pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism, safety pharmacology and toxicology, clinical and regulatory pharmacology and the use of imaging techniques. Carefully edited for relevance to the modern chemist, this unique textbook will be an essential resource for chemists planning to work in drug discovery, or postgraduate students and practicing chemists interested in expanding their pharmacology knowledgeTrade ReviewYet this is still a text I would thoroughly recommend to medicinal chemists, and also more broadly to other scientists involved in drug design and development, both in the pharmaceutical industry and in research institutions. A lot can be gained from better understanding of how we each contribute to programmes of research, how we each tackle problems and the barriers we face. Pharmacology for Chemists is a welcome resource to help meet this aim. -- Dr Neil C. Henney, Liverpool John Moores University, UK * https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-019-03700-5 *Table of ContentsWhat is Pharmacology; The Pharmacological Analysis of Drug Activity in Receptor Systems; Structure-based Drug Discovery and Advances in Protein Receptor Crystallography; Actions of Drugs on the Autonomic Nervous System; Actions of Drugs on The Brain and CNS Disorders; Actions of Drugs on the Cardiovascular and Renal System; Actions of Drugs in the Gastrointestinal Tract; The Future of ADME in Drug Design and Development; Predictive Strategies for ADRs – Biomarkers and In Vitro Models; From Bench to Bedside: The First Studies of a New Molecule in Man; Nonclinical Safety Assessment in Drug Development; Predicting Dose and Selective Efficacy in Clinical Studies from Preclinical Experiments: Practical Pharmacodynamics

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Book SynopsisWhy does chocolate taste so good? Why do we seek 'the one'? How do traits such as intelligence, creativity and violence arise and what purpose do they serve? This book links these characteristics to the origins of life, showing that the conditions necessary to bring life into existence echo through our modern day behaviour. The chemistry of the body is not only fascinating but also highly relevant to everyone, since we are all concerned with maximising our health and enjoyment of life. Currently, there are not many popular science books concerned with biochemistry. One reason for this might be the particularly complex nature of the science involved. This book starts with the fundamentals and then works towards a deeper understanding of the chemistry of human nature. Essential reading for anyone with an interest in this science and written at a level accessible to experts and non-experts alike.Table of ContentsSection 1: Fuel and Building Supplies; The Chemistry of Space Travel; The Chemistry of Taste; The Chemistry of Pleasure; The Chemistry of Life's Origins; The Chemistry of Evolution; Section 2: Love and Relationships; The Chemistry of Lust; The Chemistry of Romantic Love; The Chemistry of Attachment; The Chemistry of Baby Making; Section 3: The Chemistry of Character; The Chemistry of Creative Intelligence; The Chemistry of Violence; The Chemistry of Dominance; Section 4: So What?; The Chemistry of Free Will; Appendix

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Book SynopsisDrug misuse and dependence is an ever evolving field of study, which has exploded over recent years owing to the advent of the internet. Due to the ever-growing number of young people using drugs recreationally and the privatisation of drug screening and detection services, there is the need to disseminate evidence-based information concerning the technology and methods available for studying this expanding field. Detection of Drug Misuse describes the current state-of-the-art techniques used for identifying and confirming drug misuse as well as recent advances in biomarkers, instrumentation and analysis methodology. The title discusses both recreational and designer drugs, including non-addictive and addictive drugs. This book is a useful and fascinating resource for healthcare professionals working in the field of drug misuse as well as academics and postgraduates researching within analytical, chromatography, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry; drug metabolism; addiction science; and forensic toxicology, science and medicine.Table of ContentsUrinalysis: The Detection of Common Drugs in Urine; Point-of-care/Collection Testing: Application to Drugs of Misuse Testing; Analytical Advances in Drug Detection: Human Sports Drug Testing; Analytical Overview of Drug Detection: Civil Aviation; Detection of Misused Drugs: Natural and Synthetic Cathinones; Detection of Misused Drugs: Psychoactive Piperazines; Dried Blood Spots for Testing Drugs of Misuse; Drug Testing in Exhaled Breath; DNA/RNA Aptamers for Illicit Drug Molecules; Latent Fingerprints for Drug Screening; Microneedle Patches for Caffeine Detection and Quantification; Detection of a Single Drug Exposure in Hair; Ethanol Analysis in Blood, Breath and Urine: Interpreting the Results; 'Ecstasy' Tablets: Batch Matching for Forensic Drug Intelligence Puropses in Malta; The Usefulness of Metabolites in the Interpretation of Drug Test Results; The Usefulness of Metabolic Ratios in the Interpretation of Steroid Misuse; Neurohypophyseal Hormones and Drugs of Misuse

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Book SynopsisParkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. In order to find neuroprotective strategies, a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic death of cells that progresses the disease is needed. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the ability to detoxify them and their intermediates or by-products. Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA has been detected in autopsies from individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and so links can be made between oxidative stress and Parkinson’s Disease pathogenesis. This book provides a thorough review of the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and redox signalling mediate Parkinson’s Disease. Opening chapters bring readers up to speed on basic knowledge regarding oxidative stress and redox signalling, Parkinson’s Disease, and neurodegeneration before the latest advances in this field are explored in detail. Topics covered in the following chapters include the role of mitochondria, dopamine metabolism, metal homeostasis, inflammation, DNA-damage and thiol-signalling. The role of genetics and gene-environment interactions are also explored before final chapters discuss the identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression and the future of redox/antioxidant based therapeutics. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book will be a valuable source of information for postgraduate students and academics, clinicians, toxicologists and risk assessment groups. Importantly, it presents the current research that might later lead to redox or antioxidant – based therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease. Trade ReviewResearch into the role of oxidative stress and redox signaling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has exploded. A PubMed search (January 8, 2018) identifies 4972 scholarly papers on this topic. Indeed, these are exciting times both for researchers, PD patients and their families. As the human genome has been sequenced and many disease mysteries are unraveled, exciting advances in research on PD have been achieved. Of particular interest in understanding the clinical picture of PD has been the relationship between oxidative stress and the pathophysiology of PD. The Book contains 14 chapters, addressing the topic, research strategies and models aimed at delineating molecular mechanisms of the disease. The typeface is easy to read and the visuals are of great quality. While multi-authored, I generally found all chapters to be up-to-date, providing authoritative reviews of epidemiology, pathology, and neurochemistry. The writing is generally succinct, with discussions pertinent to the topic at hand. The book should be of interest to all individuals who are interested in PD. The Editors should be commended for their efforts to produce a comprehensive, yet easy-to-follow authoritative book on current knowledge in this ever-growing field on PD. The book is successful in bridging basic research with clinical, epidemiological, regulatory and translational research, conveying both an introductory understanding and the latest development in the field. Utmost, it seems to be designed to serve both the novice student and the expert scientist and physician. With a comprehensive and integrated view on the biology of PD, the Editors and Authors the book are likely to be instrumental in stimulating a deeper understanding and promoting renewed collaborations on this multifaceted topic, leading to improved understanding of PD. -- Michael Aschner"The book should be of interest to all individuals who are interested in PD." "With a comprehensive and integrated view on the biology of PD, the Editors and Authors of the book are likely to be instrumental in stimulating a deeper understanding and promoting renewed collaborations on this multifaceted topic, leading to improved understanding of PD." -- Michael AschnerTable of ContentsParkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Etiology; Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in the Parkinsonian Brain; Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease; Catecholamine Metabolism and the Generation of Reactive Aldehydes; Dopamine Oxidation and Parkinson's Disease; GSH and Thiol Redox Signalling; Nitric Oxide Signalling and Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease; Redox Signalling and Dopaminergic Cell Death/Survival; Iron Metabolism and Parkinson's Disease; Protein Oxidation, Quality Control and Degradation Pathways; At the Intersection between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lysosomal Autophagy; Genes, Environment and Aging; Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress; Dietary Factors in Parkinson’s Disease; Antioxidants and Redox-basedTherapeutics

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on solution and solid-state NMR of carbohydrates, glycoproteins, glyco-technologies, biomass and related topics. It is estimated that at least 80% of all proteins are glycoproteins. Because of the complexity, heterogeneity and flexibility of the sugar chains, the structural biology approaches for glycoconjugates have been generally avoided. NMR techniques although well established for structural analyses of proteins and nucleic acids, cannot be simply applied to this complex class of biomolecules. Nonetheless, recently developed NMR techniques for carbohydrates open the door to conformational studies of a variety of sugar chains of biological interest. NMR studies on glycans will have significant impact on the development of vaccines, adjuvants, therapeutics, biomarkers and on biomass regeneration. In this volume, the Editors have collected the most up-to-date NMR applications from experts in the field of carbohydrate NMR spectroscopy. Timely and useful, not only for NMR specialists, it will appeal to researchers in the general field of structural biology, biochemistry and biophysics, molecular and cellular biology and material science.Table of ContentsIntramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Glycans in Aqueous Solution; NMR Spin-Couplings in Saccharides: Relationships between Structure, Conformation and the Magnitudes of JHH, JCH and JCC Values; Insights into Carbohydrate Recognition by 3D Structure Determination of Protein-Carbohydrate Complexes using NMR; Paramagnetic, RDC and RCSA Constraints in the Structural Analysis of Glycans; Lanthanide-Chelating Carbohydrate Conjugates to Detect Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions; NMR Characterization of the Conformations, Dynamics, and Interactions of Glycosphingolipids; NMR Analysis of Glycosyltransferases; Stable Isotope Labeling of Glycoproteins for NMR Study; Quantifying Carbohydrate Motions Through Solution Measurements: Applications to Immunoglobulin G Fc; Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans by 15N-NMR Spectroscopy; NMR Studies of Protein-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions; Solid-state NMR Analysis of Mannose Recognition by Pradimicin A; Structure and Dynamics of Polysaccharides in Plant Cell Walls From Solid-State NMR; New Methods for the Analysis of Heterogeneous Polysaccharides: Lessons Learned from the Heparin Crisis; NMR Chemical Shift Predictions and Structural Elucidation of Oligo- and Polysaccharides by the Computer Program CASPER; NMR Databases for Plant Cell Wall Biopolymers; Polysaccharides as Major Carbon Sources in Environmental Biodiversity

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Book SynopsisToxicity against tissue stem cells (TSCs) is a major problem in drug development and environmental health science. Despite their essential function in all human cellular tissues, the nature of tissue stem cells is not fully understood. The small fraction of stem cells in tissues and the lack of specific biomarkers for their quantification present a formidable challenge to developing tools for their study and assays that can identify stem cell-toxic agents. Human Stem Cell Toxicology reveals TSC toxicity as a biomedical reality that is now well under siege by newly emerging ideas and technologies, despite these challenges. Chapters consider stem cell toxicity by environmental agents, pharmaceutical drug candidates, and marketed therapeutic medicines with adverse side effects. New insights to cellular, molecular, biochemical, and chemical mechanisms of human tissue stem cell toxicity are brought together. Experimental and theoretical treatments are of specific topics, including approaches to monitoring TSC function, newly discovered TSC types and TSC toxicity resistance mechanisms, are covered by expert authors. This book informs and champions the continued development of innovative technologies to predict the TSC toxicity of compounds before their use, whether in patients or the environment, by addressing emerging new cell-based approaches and concepts for technical innovation. This publication will be a useful reference for postgraduate students and researchers working in toxicology, pharmaceutical science, tissue cell biology and stem cell biology.Table of ContentsAddressing Challenges to Progress in Human Stem Cell Toxicology Concepts and Practice; Alternative Methods in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Toxicology; High-throughput Screening of Toxic Chemicals on Neural Stem Cells; The Role of Catecholamines in Stem Cell Mobilisation; Toxicological Risk Assessment – Proposed Assay Platform Using Stem and Progenitor Cell Differentiation in Response to Environmental Toxicants; Current Developments in the Use of Human Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes to Examine Drug-induced Cardiotoxicity; Pesticides and Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Epigenetic Impact of Stem Cell Toxicants; Metakaryotic Cancer Stem Cells are Constitutively Resistant to X-Rays and Chemotherapeutic Agents, but Sensitive to Many Common Drugs; Distributed Stem Cell Kinetotoxicity: A New Concept to Account for the Human Carcinogenicity of Non-genotoxic Environmental Toxicants; Cancer Stem Cells as Therapeutic Targets

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Book SynopsisIn recent years there has been tremendous progress in the area of tissue engineering research. This book focusses on the fundamental principles underpinning these recent advances in the materials science developed for tissue engineering purposes. Smart materials for tissue engineering are produced by modifying the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds with response to external stimuli to enhance the tissue regeneration. The functions of living cells can be regulated by smart materials which respond to changes in the surrounding microenvironment. This book comprehensively documents the recent advancements in smart materials for tissue engineering and will provide an essential text for those working in materials science and materials engineering, in academia and industry.Table of ContentsSmart Design of Materials for Tissue Engineering; Smart Surfaces Chemistry and Coating Materials for Tissue Engineering; Protein-Based Stimuli Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering; Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering; Self-Assembled Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering; Natural Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Engineering Stem Cell Niche and Stem Cell-Material Interactions; Smart Biomaterials with SMart Surfaces for Stem Cell Culture; Conudcting Polymers as Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Silica Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Functional Nucleic Acid Incorporated Materials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering; Smart Carbon Nanotubes and Graphenes for Tissue Engineering; Smart Functional Porous Materials for Tissue Engineering; Smart Nanofibrous materials for Tissue Engineering; Thermosensitive Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering; Photo-Mediated Biomaterial Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering; Enzyme-Mediated Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Magnetic-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Magnetic-Responsive Materials as Smart Scaffolds for Stem Cells; Multifunctional Smart Materials for Tissue Engineering; Fabrication of Multifunctional Materials for Cell Transplantation by Microfluidics;

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Book SynopsisMetal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Biological Chemistry of Nickel; Oceanic Nickel Biogeochemistry and the Evolution of Nickel Use; Nickel Toxicity and Carcinogenesis; Nickel Binding Sites - Coordination Modes and Thermodynamics; Urease; Crystallographic Analyses of the Active Site Chemistry and Oxygen Sensitivity of [NiFe(Se)]-Hydrogenases; One-Carbon Chemistry of Nickel-Containing Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase and Acetyl-CoA Synthase; Biochemistry of Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase; Reinventing the Wheel: The NiSOD Story; Nickel Glyoxalase I; Lactate Racemase and Its Niacin-Derived, Covalently-Tethered, Nickel Cofactor; Nickel in Microbial Physiology - from Single Proteins to Complex Trafficking Systems: Nickel Import/Export; Nickel Regulation; Nickel Metallochaperones: Structure, Function, and Nickel-Binding Properties; Cross-Talk Between Nickel and Other Metals in Microbial Systems; Nickel and Virulence in Bacterial Pathogens; Application of Ni(II)-Binding Proteins

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Book SynopsisCyclic peptides are increasingly employed as chemical tools in biology and drug discovery. They have gained a lot of interest as alternative sources of new drugs to traditional small molecules. This book introduces cyclic peptides and provides a thorough overview of biosynthetic and fully synthetic approaches to their preparation. Following an introduction to cyclic peptides, biosynthetic and traditional chemical routes to cyclic peptides are reviewed. Due to their size, their synthesis is not trivial. Recent advances in the incorporation of novel structural units are presented in addition to how synthesis and biological methods can be combined. The chemical analysis of this molecular class is also discussed. Furthermore, chapters detail the progression of cyclic peptides as tools in biology and as potential drugs, providing a future vision of their importance. In total, this book provides the reader with a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art of cyclic peptides, from construction to possible clinical utility. This book will be an essential resource for students, researchers and scientists within industry in medicinal, bioorganic, natural product and analytical chemistry fields.Table of ContentsAn Introduction to Cyclic Peptides; The Biosynthesis of Cyclic Peptides – RiPPs – an Overview; Thioesterase Domain-mediated Macrocyclization of Non-ribosomal Peptides; The Biosynthetic Machinery and its Potential to Deliver Unnatural Cyclic Peptides; Modulation of Protein–Protein Interactions Using Cyclic Peptides; Biology and Synthesis of the Argyrins; Peptide Cross-links Catalyzed by Metalloenzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis; Double-click Stapled Peptides for Inhibiting Protein–Protein Interactions; Libraries of Head-to-Tail Peptides; An Introduction to Bacterial Lasso Peptides; Biological Synthesis and Affinity-Based Selection of Small Macrocyclic Peptide Ligands; Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cyclic Peptides; Experimental and Computational Approaches to the Study of Macrocycle Conformations in Solution; Trends in Cyclotide Research; Cyclic Peptides – A Look to the Future

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Book SynopsisThere is great interest in the preparation of synthetic receptor-based recognition units for cheap, robust, economic, and selective chemical sensors. Molecular imprinting provides the technology to prepare these synthetic units. There are still more and more syntheses of artificial molecular recognition constructs using analytes or their close structural analogues as templates for molecular imprinting. Stability of complexes of these constructs with the target analytes are often similar to those of biological receptors. Therefore, subsequent polymerization of these complexes results in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that have a selectivity close to that revealed by natural receptors. The book summarizes the latest developments and applications of molecular imprinting for selective chemical sensing with each chapter devoted to different analytical applications of molecularly imprinted polymers. Specific chapters include: designing of molecular cavities aided by computational modelling, application of molecularly imprinted polymers for separation as well as sensing of pharmaceuticals and nucleotides. The book is suitable for academics, postgraduates, and industrial researchers active in analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, molecular recognition, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy.Table of ContentsNano-sized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Artificial Antibodies; Synthetic Chemistry for Molecular Imprinting; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-based Separation and Sensing of Nucleobases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides; Application of Nanomaterials to Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Materials for Quantifying Pharmaceuticals; Micro and Nanofabrication of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Theoretical and Computational Strategies in Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Development; Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Optical Chemosensors for Selective Chemical Determinations; Protein Determination Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) Chemosensors; Water-compatible Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Designing of Biomimetic Molecularly Imprinted Catalysts; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Providing Selectivity to Sample Preparation; Electrosynthesized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Chemosensing: Fundamentals and Applications; Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor Arrays

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Book SynopsisThe life and chemical sciences are in the midst of a period of rapid and revolutionary transformation that will undoubtedly bring societal benefits but also have potentially malign applications, notably in the development of chemical weapons. Such concerns are exacerbated by the unstable international security environment and the changing nature of armed conflict, which could fuel a desire by certain States to retain and use existing chemical weapons, as well as increase State interest in creating new weapons; whilst a broader range of actors may seek to employ diverse toxic chemicals as improvised weapons. Stark indications of the multi-faceted dangers we face can be seen in the chemical weapons attacks against civilians and combatants in Iraq and Syria, and also in more targeted chemical assassination operations in Malaysia and the UK. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, and drawing upon an international group of experts, this book analyses current and likely near-future advances in relevant science and technology, assessing the risks of their misuse. The book examines the current capabilities, limitations and failures of the existing international arms control and disarmament architecture – notably the Chemical Weapons Convention – in preventing the development and use of chemical weapons. Through the employment of a novel Holistic Arms Control methodology, the authors also look beyond the bounds of such treaties, to explore the full range of international law, international agreements and regulatory mechanisms potentially applicable to weapons employing toxic chemical agents, in order to develop recommendations for more effective routes to combat their proliferation and misuse. A particular emphasis is given to the roles that chemical and life scientists, health professionals and wider informed activist civil society can play in protecting the prohibition against poison and chemical weapons; and in working with States to build effective and responsive measures to ensure that the rapid scientific and technological advances are safeguarded from hostile use and are instead employed for the benefit of us all.Trade ReviewThis timely volume, Preventing Chemical Weapons, is an excellent historical, academic, and policy-relevant examination of the ongoing threat of chemical and biological agents and weapons, the importance of two global treaties in abolishing two whole categories of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)—chemical and biological weapons—and the need for global attention to maintaining and strengthening implementation of these disarmament and nonproliferation regimes in the face of many and varied threats from non-state actors, recalcitrant states parties, national bureaucracies, criminal activities, and global lack of attention. I highly recommend a good read. -- Paul F. Walker, Ph.D., Green Cross International and Coordinator of the CWC Coalition * https://doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2019.1632044 *On the whole, the book addresses a very important issue for the present era in a systematic manner. The book is an easy read and makes a significant contribution towards understanding the issues of human-induced misuse of chemistry for war fighting and/or terrorism. -- Ajey Lele, IDSA New Delhi * https://doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2019.1565188 *As a CBRN Professional I would highly recommend the text, especially chapters 3, 5-7, 10, 12, 14 & 15, to anyone new to the field of Chemical Warfare. As its content is relevant to anyone, who is looking to educate themselves in the field of chemical weapon non-proliferation. The book provides detailed sections on all the major international treaties and regulations pertaining to control of chemical weapons. More importantly the authors impart a detailed understanding of how the changing security environment and advances in science & technology are likely to challenge the existing Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in future. -- Professor David Crouch, 3M * CBRNe World, October 2018, Page 71 *Table of ContentsIntroduction: Preventing the Re-emergence of Chemical Weapons; The Changing Nature of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Threat; The Chemical Weapons Convention - Past Success, Current Challenges; The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention; United Nations Mechanisms to Combat the Development, Acquisition and Use of Chemical Weapons; International Legal Constraints upon the Weaponization of Toxic Chemicals; Convergence of Chemistry and Biology, and Nanotechnology; Advances in Understanding Targets in the Central Nervous System (CNS); Advances in the Targeted Delivery of Biochemical Agents; The Future of Chemical Weapons: Advances in the Development of Anti-plant Agents; The Future of Chemical Weapons: Advances in Anti-animal Agents; Development and Hostile Use of Toxic Chemical Means of Delivery and Dispersal; Advances in Poisoning Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Drugs for the Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chemical Weapons; Current Challenges to Export Controls Related to Chemical Warfare Interdiction; The Future of Chemical Weapons Convention - Out-dated Model of CWC 2.0; Implications for the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention; Role of the Non-governmental Chemical Science Community in Combatting the Development, Proliferation, and Use of Chemical Weapons; Role of the Non-governmental Life Science Community in Combatting the Development, Proliferation and Use of Chemical Weapons; The Role of the Non-governmental Medical Community in Combatting the Development, Proliferation and Use of Chemical Weapons; The Role of Civil Society in Combating the Development, Proliferation and Use of Chemical Weapons; Conclusions and Recommendations

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Book SynopsisThe rapid development of efficient computational tools has allowed researchers to tackle biological problems and to predict, analyse and monitor, at an atomic level, molecular recognition processes. This book offers a fresh perspective on how computational tools can aid the chemical biology research community and drive new research. Chapters from internationally renowned leaders in the field introduce concepts and discuss the impact of technological advances in computer hardware and software in explaining and predicting phenomena involving biomolecules, from small molecules to macromolecular systems. Important topics from the understanding of biomolecules to the modification of their functions are addressed, as well as examples of the application of tools in drug discovery, glycobiology, protein design and molecular recognition. Not only are the cutting-the-edge methods addressed, but also their limitations and possible future development. For anyone wishing to learn how computational chemistry and molecular modelling can provide information not easily accessible through other experimental methods, this book will be a valuable resource. It will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers in the biological and chemical sciences, medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, and theoretical chemistry.Table of ContentsComputational Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Basics; Molecular Dynamics Computer Simulations of Biological Systems; Designing Chemical Tools with Computational Chemistry; Computational Design of Protein Function; Computational Enzymology: Modelling Biological Catalysts; Computational Chemistry Tools in Glycobiology: Modelling of Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions; Molecular Modelling of Nucleic Acids; Uncovering GPCR and G Protein Function by Protein Structure Network Analysis; Current Challenges in the Computational Modelling of Molecular Recognition Processes; Novel Insights into Membrane Transport from Computational Methodologies; Application of Molecular Modelling to Speed-up the Lead Discovery Process; Molecular Modelling and Simulations Applied to Challenging Drug Discovery Targets; The Polypharmacology Gap Between Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery

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Book SynopsisProtein crystallography has become vital to further understanding the structure and function of many complex biological systems. In recent years, structure determination has progressed tremendously however the quality of crystals and data sets can prevent the best results from being obtained. With contributions from world leading researchers whose software are used worldwide, this book provides a coherent approach on how to handle difficult crystallographic data and how to assess its quality. The chapters will cover all key aspects of protein crystallography, from instrumentation and data processing through to model building. This book also addresses challenges that protein crystallographers will face such as dealing with data from microcrystals and multi protein complexes. This book is ideal for both academics and researchers in industry looking for a comprehensive guide to protein crystallography.Table of ContentsProtein Crystallography: Faster, Smaller, Stronger; Practical Approaches for In Situ X-ray Crystallography: from High-throughput Screening to Serial Data Collection; Delivery of GPCR Crystals for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography; The Mesh&Collect Pipeline for the Collection of Multi-crystal Data Sets in Macromolecular Crystallography; Radiation Damage in Macromolecular Crystallography; Data Quality Analysis; Structure Determination at Low-resolution, Anisotropic Data and Crystal Twinning; Structure Determination and Refinement of Large Macromolecular Assemblies at Low Resolution; Crystallography with X-ray Free Electron Lasers

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Book SynopsisBiophysical techniques are used in many key stages of the drug discovery process including in screening for new receptor ligands, in characterising drug mechanisms, and in validating data from biochemical and cellular assays. This book provides an overview of the biophysical methods applied in drug discovery today, including traditional techniques and newer developments. Perspectives from academia and industry across a spectrum of techniques are brought together in a single volume. Small and biotherapeutic approaches are covered and strengths and limitations of each technique are presented. Case studies illustrate the application of each technique in real applied examples. Finally, the book covers recent developments in areas such as electron microscopy with discussions of their possible impact on future drug discovery. This is a go-to volume for biophysicists, analytical chemists and medicinal chemists providing a broad overview of techniques of contemporary interest in drug discovery.Trade ReviewThe techniques highlighted in this volume are introduced with concise theoretical background that prepares the reader for subsequent illustrative examples from the literature. The theoretical and methodological information is rather limited, but the reader is directed to useful references for further reading. This book will be helpful for medicinal, synthetic, and biophysical chemists urveying an array of tools for their specific drug discovery projects, especially to those who do not want to be inundated with theoretical details. Even though most chapters in this book are written in a manner suitable for an audience with intermediate to advance knowledge of biophysics, Chapter1 will pique the interest of beginners in the field, and is a nice introductory reading for medicinal chemistry graduate students, as it provides a historical perspective and overview of biophysical techniques used at various phases of the drug discovery workflow, namely, hit generation, validation, and drug structure optimization. -- Professor Ian Mitchelle de Vera, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, USA * DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800207 *Table of ContentsImpact and Evolution of Biophysics in Medicinal Chemistry; Ligand-Detected NMR Methods in Drug Discovery; Receptor based NMR techniques in Drug Discovery; Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Action: X-ray Crystallography at the Basis of Structure-based and Ligand-based Drug Design; Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics: from High Throughput Screening to Structural Biology; Characterization of Pharmaceutical Solids Combining NMR, X-ray Diffraction and Computer Modelling; Surface Plasmon Resonance for Identifying and Characterising Small Molecule Ligands; Fluorescent Thermal Shift Assays for Identifying Small Molecule Ligands; Fluorescent Probes in Medicinal Chemistry; Transmission Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Drug Discovery; Molecular Imaging; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisAccounts are appearing on some facet of genetics in nearly every issue of scientific magazines and often in the daily newspapers. This book sets out to cover the fundamentals of the subject without the details in a much larger genetics text in order to provide background reading for those not studying the subject. It features humans (a lot), other mammals (a good deal) and occasionally other animals to illustrate principles. Although many of the important concepts were established with prokaryotes and plants, the text is confined to animals in order to keep the book a manageable size and since now many of the concepts can be explained using the animal kingdom. Supported with numerous figures and short vignettes, often from current areas of research such as tackling cystic fibrosis with gene directed drugs, genetic analysis of Richard III remains or reconstructing woolly mammoth haemoglobin, the reader will be entertained as they gain knowledge about this important area without going too deeply into the subject. Written in an appealing style, it will be useful to a wide audience from chemists, pharmacists and healthcare professionals.Table of ContentsThe Material of Genetics; The Exogenous Manipulation of DNA; The Endogenous Manipulation of DNA within the Cell; DNA Mutations and Their Impact on Human and Animal Phenotypes; The Generation and Bringing Together of the Sex Chromosomes; The Inheritance Patterns of DNA (Chromosomal) Mutations; Deviations From an Expected Phenotype; Examples of the Impact of Genetics in Forensics, Agriculture and Medicine

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of this popular title presents the most exciting approaches for engineering biologically active nanostructures. A particular stress is placed on purely artificial assemblies created to deliver a specialist biological function or mechanism. Such synthetic designs emulate naturally occurring nanoscale forms of viruses and matrices, pores and channels, but their functional properties are not necessarily those normally observed in Nature. Therefore, it is said that the forms may be same, but functions they adopt are new. The volume is structured around prominent topics of biological nanodesign with an integrated perspective of the impact nanoscale engineering has on the emerging field of synthetic biology. Nanostructured materials assembled from DNA, proteins and lipids and advances they offer for medicine are discussed. Written by a world recognised expert, this book provides an authorative guide to those working in design and development of nanomaterial research in industry and academia, from postgraduate researchers upwards.Table of ContentsIntroductory Notes; DNA as a Self-programming Module for Nanodesigns; Bioinspired Nanodesigns for Molecular Encapsulation; Nanoscale Designs for Tissue Regeneration; Concluding Remarks

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Book SynopsisThe identification and quantification of material present and collected at a crime scene are critical requirements in investigative analyses. Forensic analysts use a variety of tools and techniques to achieve this, many of which use light. Light is not always the forensic analyst’s friend however, as light can degrade samples and alter results. This book details the analysis of a range of molecular systems by light-based techniques relevant to forensic science, as well as the negative effects of light in the degradation of forensic evidence, such as the breakage of DNA linkages during DNA profiling. The introductory chapters explain how chemiluminescence and fluorescence can be used to visualise samples and the advantages and limitations of available technologies. They also discuss the limitations of our knowledge about how light could alter the physical nature of materials, for example by breaking DNA linkages during DNA profiling or by modifying molecular structures of polymers and illicit drugs. The book then explains how to detect, analyse and interpret evidence from materials such as illicit drugs, agents of bioterrorism, and textiles, using light-based techniques from microscopy to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Edited by active photobiological and forensic scientists, this book will be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of photochemistry, photobiology, toxicology and forensic science.Table of ContentsLight for Crime Scene Examination; Degradation and Damage due to Exposure to Light in Trace Evidence; Use of Light in the Detection of Genetic Variation of Forensic Importance; Use of Light in Fingerprint Detection; Light as an Ionizing Agent in Mass Spectrometry. Microbial Identification by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Mass Spectrometry; The Use of Light in Forensic Glass Analysis; A Review on Analytical Techniques Used for Forensic Fiber Analysis; Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and Recent Scenarios: Epidemiological, Anthropological and Clinical Pharmacological Issues; Raman Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS); Light in Forensic Science: Microcrystalline Tests of New Psychoactive Substances Using Light Microscopy; Optical Detection of NPS Internet Products via HPLC-DAD Systems: A Selective Review; Supramolecular Approach in Detecting Drugs of Abuse: Optical Sensors; Photodegradation of Drugs/Illicit Drugs in Water; Photodegradation of Drugs of Abuse in Hair

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Book SynopsisGas molecules such as O2, NO, CO and ethylene are present in the environment and are endogenously (enzymatically) produced to act as signalling molecules in biological systems, including the regulation of metabolic networks, chemotaxis, circadian rhythms, mammalian hypoxia responses, and plant ethylene responses by transcriptional, translational, or post translational control. Sensing these gas molecules is the first step in their acting as signalling molecules. When a sensor domain/protein senses an external signal, intra- and inter-molecular signal transductions take place to regulate the biological function of a regulatory domain/protein such as DNA-binding, enzymatic activity, or protein–protein interaction. Interaction between gas molecules and sensor proteins is essential for recognition of gas molecules. Metal-containing prosthetic groups such as haem, iron–sulfur clusters, and non-haem iron centres are widely used. As these metal-containing centres are good spectroscopic probes, detail characterizations have utilized spectroscopic techniques along with X-ray crystallography. Covering both the signalling and sensing of gaseous molecules, this book provides the first comprehensive overview of gas sensor proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This book will be particularly interesting to postgraduates and researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology and metallobiology.Table of ContentsOverview of Gas Sensing Systems; Haem-Based Sensors of Nitric Oxide; Haem-Based Sensors of Dioxygen; Haem-Based Sensors of Carbon Monoxide; Iron-Sulfur Cluster-Based Sensors; Non-Haem Iron-Based Sensors of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species; Mammalian O2 Sensing and Signalling; Plant Ethylene Sensing and Signalling; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisGasotransmitters are gas molecules produced endogenously in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for signalling purposes. This book provides, for the first time, a comprehensive description and systematic look at all gasotransmitters, established or proposed, since their detection in 2002. The content and scope covers the production, metabolism, and signalling roles of gasotransmitters. Conceptual advances, scientific discoveries and newly developed techniques described in this book influence our understanding of fundamental molecular and cellular events in biology and medicine. This book serves as the state-of-the-art book for undergraduate and graduate students as well as post-doctoral fellows in biomedical disciplines and toxicologists studying the toxic mechanisms of gasotransmitters in the environment. It will also be welcomed by researchers in university and research institutes, government agencies, pharmaceutical and medical instrument industry, and clinical practice.Table of ContentsOverview of Gasotransmitters and the Related Signaling Network; Production of NO – The L-arginine/NOS/NO System; Production of H2S – The L-cysteine/CSE-CBS-MST/H2S System; HO-1-derived CO is a Regulator of Vascular Function and Metabolic Syndrome; Production and Signalling Functions of Ammonia in Mammalian Cells; The Interaction of NO and H2S Signaling Systems in Biology and Medicine; Signaling by CO: Molecular and Cellular Functions; Production and Signalling of Methane; Gasotransmitters in Plants

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Book SynopsisSynthetic chemistry plays a central role in many areas of chemical biology; utilising recent case studies, the goal of Chemical and Biological Synthesis is to highlight the full impact that the preparation of novel reagents can have in chemical biology. Covering the synthetic approaches that can be applied across the whole field of chemical biology, this book provides synthetic chemists with the broader context to which their work contributes and the biological questions that can be addressed through it. An ideal guide for postgraduate students and researchers in synthetic organic chemistry and chemical biology, Chemical and Biological Synthesis introduces synthetic techniques and methods to those who wish to incorporate synthesis for the first time in their biology-focused research programmes.Table of ContentsSynthetic Tools for the Elucidation of Biological Mechanisms; The Application of Diversity-oriented Synthesis in Chemical Biology; Biology-oriented Synthesis; Lead- and Fragment-oriented Synthesis; Principles and Applications of Fragment-based Drug Discovery for Chemical Probes; Function-driven Discovery of Bioactive Small Molecules; DNA-encoded Library Technology (ELT); Engineering Chemistry to Enable Bioactive Small Molecule Discovery; Genetically Encoded Cyclic Peptide Libraries; Modern Methods for the Synthesis of Carbohydrates; Precursor-directed Biosynthesis and Semi-synthesis of Natural Products; Site-specific Protein Modification and Bio-orthogonal Chemistry; Chemical Protein Synthesis: Strategies and Biological Applications; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisFormaldehyde is virtually ubiquitous in the modern environment due to its cost-effective nature, its use in resin formation, and its preservative properties. Though formaldehyde is necessary for many products and processes important to the world’s economy, this economic dependence on formaldehyde comes at a cost to public health. Growth and consequent industrialization rely heavily on formaldehyde use. New buildings—residences, public places, and offices—are not only built with timber preserved by formaldehyde, but they are also furnished with wood, wool, and textile products that contain formaldehyde. The general population faces environmental exposure from indoor and outdoor air pollution, food, and even medicine. Scientific inquiry into formaldehyde exposure has grown in response. This book consolidates the new and established body of formaldehyde research in the scholarly community, focusing on exposure, genotoxicity, and adverse health outcomes. Through this resource, we hope to increase awareness of the broad range of health effects posed by formaldehyde exposure, and to encourage interdisciplinary interest, as well as research, into this pervasive compound—especially in the United States and China, where formaldehyde production and usage is high. This book will be useful to researchers of environmental and occupational exposure, students, and government regulators and anyone exposed to formaldehyde in the workplace and/or at home.Trade ReviewFormaldehyde is pretty much everywhere; from the cells in our body, to the air we breathe to a galaxy far, far away. This ubiquitous compound pervades the world (and the universe) as we know it. Formaldehyde is a gas, but you probably know it in its dissolved form as a formalin solution that is used to preserve the dead in embalming and biological specimens in museum archives and biology labs. As a gas, you may have had the misfortune to encounter it in cigarette smoke, as it escapes from materials used to build a new home or office building, such as hardwood flooring or particle board. If you were a survivor of the disastrous Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, you may have been housed in a trailer emitting unhealthy levels of formaldehyde. Its multiple uses, however, cannot be denied. Indeed, the first synthetic plastic ever made, Bakelite, developed by the Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907, was formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. This discovery led to the plastics revolution and the rise of modernity after the Second World War. Formaldehyde is also a known human carcinogen, a cancer-causing agent, although the types of cancer it causes remain controversial. Professor Luoping Zhang has contributed a great deal to our scientific understanding as to how formaldehyde causes cancer, especially human leukemia. She was the lead author on a scientific paper in 2010, which has become known even to members of Congress as “the Zhang Study”. It showed that workers exposed to formaldehyde had significantly elevated levels of leukemia-specific chromosome changes in their myeloid blood progenitor cells, from which leukemia can develop. This was a landmark study of great importance in our understanding of formaldehyde carcinogenicity. I have known Professor Zhang since I served on her dissertation committee in 1990. After completing her Ph.D. she joined my laboratory and quickly became a key player. She was largely responsible for our successful collection of biospecimens from of Chinese workers exposed to benzene and butadiene from the early 1990s. She has conducted many studies in China since then and became strongly interested in the health effects of formaldehyde exposure after we collected biospecimens for the above-mentioned study into the late 2000s. Since then she has made formaldehyde her major subject of academic research and is a world-renowned expert on this compound. She has published original studies in human populations, studies in experimental animals and cell cultures, meta-analyses and reviews on formaldehyde toxicity and carcinogenesis. Her academic journey has culminated in the publication of this highly informative book that is certain to be methodically researched and put together with great enthusiasm. These are qualities Professor Zhang brings to all her endeavors. Few people I have known have the honesty, drive and intelligence that Professor Zhang demonstrates in abundance. Enjoy her book! -- Martyn T. Smith,Professor of Toxicology and Kenneth and Marjorie Kaiser Chair of Cancer Epidemiology Director, Superfund Research Program and Deputy Director, Koret Institute of Precision Prevention, Division of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University of California, BerkeleyAlthough this book is aimed specifically at toxicologists it is likely to have a much wider appeal, ranging from flat pack manufacturers to funeral directors! The book has several appendices, the first being a list of abbreviations and the second a glossary of medical terms. Both are of great utility and are followed by an excellent index. Overall, this is an excellent book covering a wide range of subjects. -- Edward R. Adlard, Burton, UK * Chromatographia, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3576-3 *Table of ContentsIntroduction to Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde Exposure, Regulation, and Metabolism; Formaldehyde Exposure in China; General Toxicity of Formaldehyde; Formaldehyde Carcinogenesis; Formaldehyde Exposure and Leukemia Risk; Potential Mechanisms of Formaldehyde-Induced Leukemia; Formaldehyde Induced Leukemia-Specific Chromosomal Aneuploidy; Formaldehyde-Associated Brain Tumors; Formaldehyde-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases; Formaldehyde Toxicity in Children; Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Formaldehyde Exposure in Humans; Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Formaldehyde Exposure in Animals; Mechanisms of Action for Formaldehyde-Induced Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity; Conclusions and Future Directions

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Book SynopsisThe formation of disulphide bonds is probably the most influential modification of proteins. These bonds are unique among post-translational modifications of proteins as they can covalently link cysteine residues far apart in the primary sequence of a protein. This has the potential to convey stability to otherwise marginally stable structures of proteins. However, the reactivity of cysteines comes at a price: the potential to form incorrect disulphide bonds, interfere with folding, or even cause aggregation. An elaborate set of cellular machinery exists to catalyze and guide this process: facilitating bond formation, inhibiting unwanted pairings and scrutinizing the outcomes. Only in recent years has it become clear how intimately connected this cellular machinery is with protein folding helpers, organellar redox balance and cellular homeostasis as a whole. This book comprehensively covers the basic principles of disulphide bond formation in proteins and describes the enzymes involved in the correct oxidative folding of cysteine-containing proteins. The biotechnological and pharmaceutical relevance of proteins, their variants and synthetic replicates is continuously increasing. Consequently this book is an invaluable resource for protein chemists involved in realted research and production.Table of ContentsSection 1: Principles and Analysis of Disulfide Bond Formation; Disulfide Bonds in Protein Folding and Stability; Techniques to Monitor Disulfide Bond Formation and the Reduction Potential of Cysteine-Cystine Couples In vitro and In vivo; Real-time Detection of Thiol Chemistry in Single Proteins; Analysis of Disulfide Bond Formation in Therapeutic Proteins; Section 2: Disulfide Bonds in Peptides and Proteins: Structure, Function and Evolution; Evolutionary Adaptations to Cysteine-rich Peptide Folding; In vitro Refolding of Proteins; Allosteric Disulfide Bonds; Section 3: Oxidative Folding in the Cell; Disulfide Bond Formation and Isomerization in Escherichia coli; Disulfide Bond Formation in Mitochondria; Structural Insights into Disulfide Bond Formation and Protein Quality Control in the Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum; Mechanisms of Oxidative Protein Folding and Thiol-dependent Quality Control: Tales of Cysteines and Cystines; Disulfide Bond Formation Downstream of the Endoplasmic Reticulum; Section 4: Oxidative Folding and Cellular/Organism Homeostasis; How Microbes Cope with Oxidative Stress; Disulfide Bond Formation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum; Redox Regulation of Hsp70 Chaperone Function in the Endoplasmic Reticulum; Thioredoxin and Cellular Redox Systems: Beyong Protein Disulfide Bond Reduction; Section 5: Engineering Covalent Linkages in Peptides and Proteins; Stabilization of Peptides and Proteins by Engineered Disulfide Bonds; Genetic Code Expansion Approaches to Introduce Artificial Covalent Bonds into Proteins in Vivo

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Book SynopsisThere have been remarkable advances towards discovering agents that exhibit selectivity and sequence-specificity for DNA, as well as understanding the interactions that underlie its propensity to bind molecules. This progress has important applications in many areas of biotechnology and medicine, notably in cancer treatment as well as in future gene targeting therapies. The editor and contributing authors are leaders in their fields and provide useful perspectives from diverse and interdisciplinary backgrounds on the current status of this broad area. The role played by chemistry is a unifying theme. Early chapters cover methodologies to evaluate DNA-interactive agents and then the book provides examples of DNA-interactive molecules and technologies in development as therapeutic agents. DNA-binding metal complexes, peptide and polyamide–DNA interactions, and gene targeting tools are some of the most compelling topics treated in depth. This book will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in chemical biology, biochemistry, structural biology and medicinal fields. It will also be of interest to supramolecular chemists and biophysicists.Table of ContentsDNA Recognition by Parallel Triplex Formation; Interfacial Inhibitors; Slow DNA Binding; Thermal Denaturation of Drug-DNA Complexes; Computer Simulations of Drug-DNA Interactions: A Personal Journey; Binding of Small Molecules to Trinucleotide DNA Repeats Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parsing the Enthalpy-Entropy Compensation Phenomenon of General DNA-Ligand Interactions by a ‘Gradient Determinant’ Approach; Structural Studies of DNA-binding Metal Complexes of Therapeutic Importance; Therapeutic Potential of DNA Gene Targeting using Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA); Sequence-selective Interactions of Actinomycin D with DNA: Discovery of a Thermodynamic Switch; Molecular Modelling Approaches for Assessing Quadruplex-Small Molecule Interactions; Molecular Recognition of DNA by Py-Im Polyamides: From Discovery to Oncology; Synthetic Peptides for DNA Recognition Inspired by Transcription Factors; Targeting DNA Mismatches with Coordination Complexes; CRISPR Highlights and Transition of Cas9 into a Genome Editing Tool

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Book SynopsisAerobic organisms have evolved to utilise the intrinsic oxidising power of oxygen from the atmosphere. This so-called 'activation' of oxygen is often catalysed by a heme-containing enzyme. This book highlights the many and varied catalytic activities of O2-dependent heme–iron enzymes, including monoxygenases and cytochrome P450, dioxygenases, oxidases and model heme systems. Dioxygen-dependent Heme Enzymes will be a useful resource for postgraduate students and researchers in biochemistry and metallobiology working in, or moving into, research areas involving heme proteins.Table of ContentsDioxygen Binding and Activation Mediated by Transition Metal Porphyrinoid Complexes; Design and Engineering of Heme Enzymes With O2-dependent Catalytic Activity; Myoglobin Derivatives Reconstituted with Modified Metal Porphyrinoids as Structural and Functional Models of the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes; Investigating Heme Enzymes with Expanded Genetic Codes; What Drives the Ratedetermining Step for Oxygen Atom Transfer by Heme Compound I?; Cytochrome P450 Decarboxylases; Oxygen Activation and Long-range Electron Transfer in MauG; Biological Heme Degradation; Structure, Function and Regulation of Human Heme-based Dioxygenases; Modeling O2-dependent Heme Enzymes: A Quick Guide for Non-experts; Structures of Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Variations on a Theme; Controlling the Regio- and Stereoselectivity of Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases by Protein Engineering; Conformational Changes in Cytochrome P450cam and the Effector Role of Putidaredoxin; Oxygen Reduction and Proton Translocation by Respiratory Cytochrome c Oxidase; Structure and Function of Membrane-bound Bacterial Nitric Oxide Reductases; Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Sensing and Detoxification by Bacterial Hemoproteins

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Book SynopsisAntibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent one of the most promising and exciting areas of anticancer drug discovery. Five ADCs are now approved in the US and EU [i.e., ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla™), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris™), inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa™), gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg™) and moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk (Lumoxiti®)] and over 70 others are in various stages of clinical development, with impressive interim results being reported for many. The technology is based on the concept of delivering a cytotoxic payload selectively to cancer cells by attaching it to an antibody targeted to antigens on the cell surfaces. This approach has several advantages including the ability to select patients as likely responders based on the presence of antigen on the surface of their cancer cells and a wider therapeutic index, given that ADC targeting enables a more efficient delivery of cytotoxic agents to cancer cells than can be achieved by conventional chemotherapy, thus minimising systemic toxicity. Although there are many examples of antibodies that have been developed for this purpose, along with numerous linker technologies used to attach the cytotoxic agent to the antibody, there is presently a relatively small number of payload molecules in clinical use. The purpose of this book is to describe the variety of payloads used to date, along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages and to provide information on novel payloads at the research stage that may be used clinically in the future.Trade ReviewPlan on having this sitting on your desk shelf as the definitive guide to ADC payloads for the next 5-10 years. -- Justin Sweeley, Novasep * 5 Things You Need To Know This Week About ADCs – July 27, 2019 ADCReview *Table of ContentsIntroduction to Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs); Design Factors Important for Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Use of Molecular Modelling Techniques in Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payload Discovery and Development; Auristatin Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs); Maytansinoid Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs); Colchicine-, Vinblastine-, Taxol- and Eribulin-based Payloads for Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs); Traditional Cytotoxic Agents as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Duocarmycins as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; CXI Dimers as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Duocarmycin-PBD Dimers as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Calicheamicins as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Pro-pyrrolobenzodiazepines and Conjugates as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimers as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Indolinobenzodiazepine Dimers (IGNs) as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Pyridinobenzodiazepines (PDDs) as Sequence-selective DNA Mono-alkylating Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Splicing Inhibitors as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Tubulysins as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Amatoxins as RNA Polymerase II Inhibiting Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Protein Toxins as Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; Occupational Health and Safety Considerations for the Handling and Manufacture of Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads; The Future of Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Payloads

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Book SynopsisKinase inhibition remains an area of significant interest, and growing importance, across academia and the pharmaceutical industry. There are now many marketed drugs that target kinases and a significant number of compounds are currently in various stages of clinical development. This book is a forward-looking analysis of a number of key areas for kinase inhibition in the coming years and builds on the first volume. This includes topics such as screening approaches to target kinases along with different modes of inhibition such as allosteric and covalent. Novel approaches such as macrocyclisation are considered along with how the properties of kinase inhibitors have evolved, including the potential for brain penetration. Recent areas of great importance also covered include cutting edge molecular modelling approaches and the importance of kinase mutations. The evolving biology of kinases has also resulted in increased interest in the immuno-oncology area and also pseudokinases as a target family. As with the first volume the book finishes with a forward looking view of how research against this fascinating target class may evolve.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Kinase Drug Discovery - Modern Approaches; New Screening Approaches for Kinases; The Screening and Design of Allosteric Kinase Inhibitors; Covalent Inhibition of Kinases; Small Molecule Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors; The Design of Brain Penetrant Kinase Inhibitors; Cutting Edge Approaches to Structure-based Computational Modelling of Kinases; The Properties of Kinase Inhibitors; Assessment and Optimisation of Kinases Inhibitor Selectivity to Achieve Candidates with an Appropriate Safety Profile; Drugging the Kinome; The Importance of Kinase Mutations in Cancer Drug Discovery; Kinase Inhibition for Immuno-oncology; A Structural Perspective of the Pseudokinome: Defining the Targetable Space; The Future of Kinase Therapeutics; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisParamagnetic NMR is a growing technique that represents an increasingly important tool for the investigation of biomolecules. This book presents an update and overview of the paramagnetic NMR phenomena and effects as well as guidelines for practical implementation of state-of-the-art experiments. All experiments are supported by a solid theoretical foundation. Areas mentioned are the development of solid state NMR, the use of paramagnetic tags providing information on the structure and mobility of the investigated systems, and dynamic nuclear polarization to increase sensitivity. Compiled by experts in the field, this book has international appeal for researchers as well as students interested in magnetic resonance and structural biology who require experimental support and accessible information.Table of ContentsNMR Consequences of the Nucleus-Electron Spin Interactions; Intrinsic and Extrinsic Paramagnetic Probes; Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Protein Domains Using Paramagnetic Data; Treating Biomacromolecular Conformational Variability; Protein-Protein Interactions; Solid-State NMR of Paramagnetic Proteins; Relaxometry and Contrast Agents; Dynamic Nuclear Polarization; Paramagnetic NMR in Drug Discovery; Small Paramagnetic Co-solute Molecules; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisCapillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) has become a very useful analytical technique for the profiling of highly polar and charged metabolites in biological samples. In this book, the unique features of CE-MS for metabolomics studies are highlighted including CE separation modes, capillary coatings and practical aspects of CE-MS coupling alongside a comprehensive overview of recent technological developments and applications. CE-MS can be considered a relatively new technique in the field of metabolomics and it is therefore important to inform the scientific community about the possibilities of advanced CE-MS approaches for metabolomics studies. This book outlines the potential of this technique for researchers working in metabolomics, bioanalytics and biomarker analysis.Table of ContentsCapillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics - From Metabolite Analysis to Metabolic Profiling; CE-MS Workflows for Metabolomics: A Focus on Sample Preparation; Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry Using Non-covalently Coated Capillaries for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples; Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolomics Using New Interfacing Designs; Stacking or On-line Sample Concentration in CE-MS for Metabolomics; On-line Solid-phase Extraction Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry and Data Analysis Approaches for Metabolomics; CE-MS for Anionic and Cationic Metabolic Profiling: System Optimization and Applications; CE-MS for Metabolomics: A Comparison with Other Techniques; Potential of CE-MS for Chiral Metabolic Profiling; Single-cell Metabolomics with Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry; Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Analysis; Multisegment Injection–Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry: A Robust Platform for High Throughput Metabolite Profiling with Quality Assurance; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisPhotoaging results from chronic exposure to UV radiation and is an increasingly common clinical feature, with an aging population the clinical burden is likely to increase despite advances in our understanding of the pathology and development of improved treatments. This book will present and review the latest progress from the forefront of translational research in cutaneous photoaging. The core chapters focus on the current understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of photoageing and lead on to aspects of photoprotection and photomedicine to provide a complete picture of the current field and a context for the importance of the basic mechanistic understanding. With a global team of authors Cutaneous Photoaging provides an international perspective on the causes, consequences, pathophysiology and treatment of photoaging, ideal for dermatologists, students and professionals in photoscience.Table of ContentsPhotoaging in Caucasians; Photodamage in Skin of Color; Photoaging in Far East Populations; The Skin Aging Exposome; Oxidative Stress, Metabolism and Photoaging - The Role of Mitochondria; Pigmentation and Photoaging; Epidermal Stem Cells and Dermal-Epidermal Junction; Collagen Damage Induced by Chronic Exposure to Sunlight; Solar Elastosis and the Dermal Elastic Fibre Network; Do Proteoglycans Mediate Chronic Photoaging?; Photoprotection in the Prevention of Photodamage and Cutaneous Cancer; Cosmeceuticals; Topical Retinoids for the Treatment of Photoaged Skin

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Book SynopsisConcerns about the adverse health effects of chemicals and radiation present in the environment and at workplaces have created the need for better detection systems to assess their potential to cause DNA damage in humans and other organisms across ecosystems. The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology is the first comprehensive volume concerning the use of micronucleus assays in genetic toxicology. It succinctly explains the mechanisms by which genotoxins cause micronucleus formation and its relation to diseases. Furthermore, it describes the methods which are currently used for the analyses of micronuclei in different types of cells in human in vivo biomonitoring studies, routine in vivo tests with rodents, in vitro studies with human and mammalian cells, environmental monitoring with invertebrates and vertebrates such as molluscs, fish and, also, in plant bioassays. Moreover, this book also focuses on the use of the micronucleus technique in other research areas, including the detection of DNA damage caused by important groups of genotoxic carcinogens (heavy metals, industrial chemicals, cytotoxic drugs, pesticides, ionising radiation, etc.) as well as study designs, statistical analyses, international regulatory guidelines, and the development of automated scoring devices for this assay. This book will serve as both, a reference and a guide to students, and investigators in biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical sciences interested in gaining a better understanding of the biology of micronuclei and their application in measuring DNA damage caused by natural or man-made genotoxins.Table of ContentsA Short Personal History of Micronuclei; Mechanisms by which Genotoxins Cause Micronuclei and Other Nuclear Anomalies; The Fate of Micronuclei and Micronucleated Cells; Micronuclei and their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer; The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay in Human Lymphocytes; Micronucleus Cytome Assay with Buccal Cells; Experiments with Micronucleus Assays Using Nasal, Urothelial and Cervical Human Cells; Micronuclei in Bone Marrow Cells of Rodents; The in vitro Micronucleus Assay with Rodent Hepatocytes; Micronucleus Assays with Human Lymphocytes for in vitro Genetic Toxicology Testing; The Micronucleus (Mn) Assay Using Human-derived Cells; Micronucleus Experiments with Non-Human Mammalian Cells; Micronucleus Experiments with Fish Cell Lines; The Piscine Erythrocyte Micronucleus Cytome Assay; Micronucleus Experiments with Reptiles; Micronucleus Assays in Amphibians; Micronucleus Experiments with Bivalve Molluscs; Micronucleus Assays with Meiotic Pollen Tetrad Cells of Tradescantia and with Mitotic Root Tip Cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba; Automated Identification and Scoring of Micronuclei; Regulatory Aspects and Guidelines for the Use of Micronucleus Assays in Mammalian and Human Cells; Micronucleus Assay: Epidemiological and Statistical Issues; Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Micronucleus Frequency; Khat, Betel, Coca and Tobacco Chewing: Genotoxic Effects in Micronucleus Assays; Electromagnetic Fields and Micronuclei; Use of the Micronucleus Assay in Occupational Studies Involving Exposure to Genotoxic Chemicals - An Overview; Ionising Radiation Exposure Biodosimetry Using the Lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay; Heavy Metals I - Lead, Mercury and Cadmium and their Impact on DNA Damage Measured by the Micronucleus Assay; Heavy Metals II - Arsenic, Chromium, Nickel, Vanadium and Micronuclei; Effect of in vivo Formaldehyde Exposure on DNA Damage Measured by the Micronucleus Assay in Lymphocytes, Buccal Cells and Nasal Cells; Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Micronucleus Frequency; Petroleum, its Derivatives and Micronuclei; Butadiene and its Effects on Micronucleus Frequency; The Effect of Dust, Asbestos and Other Fibers on DNA Damage Measured Using the Micronucleus Assays; Use of Micronucleus Assays to Measure DNA Damage Caused by Coal Dust and Ash; Micronucleus Assay as Cytogenetic Biomarker of Ethylene Oxide Exposure; Use of Micronucleus Assays to Measure DNA Damage Caused by Cytostatic/Antineoplastic Drugs; Micronucleus Assay for Assessing Chromosomal Damage of Medical Workers Exposed to Anaesthetic Gases; Micronucleus Induction by Exposure to Vinyl Chloride

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Book SynopsisLipidomics is one of the emerging ‘omics’ techniques with growing importance in bioscience. Discussing interesting standard and non-standard techniques relevant to the measurement and analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry, this book will provide a guide to the possibilities of the techniques. It will introduce the reader to exciting new methods that allow isomer differentiation, improve sensitivity, allow spatial location and go beyond annotation of simply matching a mass to a database entry. The book is written and edited by the some of the world leaders in the field of lipid mass spectrometry and will have international appeal in industry and academia for analytical chemists, biochemists and biotechnologists. Furthermore, it will provide a useful resource for anyone interested in lipid structure characterization particularly for graduates and postgraduates who require a starting point for their projects.Trade ReviewIt does present a crisp overview of the main analytical techniques and emerging fields such as ion-mobility and imaging mass spectrometry of lipids, written by experts in the field. The book mainly focuses on emerging technologies and the presented chapters are of high quality. -- Matin Giera * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry *Table of ContentsLipidomics Basics; Multivariate Statistics in Lipidomics; Low-Flow Rate Separations of Lipids; Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Lipid Analysis; Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipids; Derivatisation for Direct Infusion - and Liquid Chromatrography - Mass Spectrometry; Unsaturated Lipid Analysis via Coupling the Paternò–Büchi Reaction with ESI-MS/MS; Conventional and Current Methods for the Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids; Mass Spectrometry of Lipid Vitamins; New Scans and Resources in Lipidomics

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Book SynopsisLegumes have high potential for improving the nutritional quality of foods, but limited data on their bioactive compounds exists. Results of clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that natural antioxidants can protect us against oxidative stress that is closely associated with cancer and cardiovascular disease. Legumes are a valuable source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, peptides and non-nutritional factors. They are rich in several important micronutrients, including potassium, magnesium, folate, iron, and zinc, and are an important source of protein in vegetarian diets. They are among the only plant foods that provide significant amounts of the amino acid, lysine. Commonly consumed legumes are also rich in total and soluble fibre as well as in resistant starch. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the antioxidant activity and health aspects of legumes. The international spread of contributors will describe the key factors that influence consumer acceptance of legumes in the diet, as well as the known functional properties of legumes and legume based food products. It will serve as an excellent and up-to-date reference for food scientists, food chemists, researchers in human nutrition, dietetics and the chemistry of natural compounds.Table of ContentsLegumes: An Overview; Leguminous Seeds as a Source of Phenolic Acids, Condensed Tannins and Lignans; Phenolic Compounds: Flavonoids in Legumes; Role of Dietary Fiber in Legumes; Legume Bioactive Peptides; Melatonin; Non-nutritional Factors: Lectins, Phytic Acid, Proteases Inhibitors, Allergens; Obtaining, Chemically Characterizing and Nutritionally Evaluating Seasonal Legume Sprouts as a Feed Alternative; Impact of Fermentation on the Nutritional Quality, Bioactive Compounds and Potential Health Properties of Legumes; Thermal Processing of Legumes; Innovative Legume Foods; Legumes and Oxidative Stress; Legumes and Inflammation; Legumes and Obesity; Legumes and Cancer

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Book SynopsisGlycans play essential roles in diverse biological and etiological processes and their structural complexity endow various functions. The glycome is the entire set of glycans produced by an individual organism. As the glycan microarray emerged, a good amount of knowledge has been obtained in understanding the functions of glycans. However, limited accessibility of glycans is a major obstacle to the functional glycomics study. Although isolation from biology samples provided some structures, the low abundance of glycans obtained and the difficulty in complete structural assignment restricted the subsequent assay. To circumvent this limitation, many synthetic strategies, including chemical, enzymatic and chemo-enzymatic ones have been developed to make libraries of structurally defined complex glycans available. The glycans provided by these techniques combined with high-throughput glycoarray techniques have broadened and deepened our understanding about functional glycomics. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the synthetic glycome and a brief introduction of the application of the synthetic glycome in glycoarray assay. Accordingly, synthetic strategies toward generating glycans with comprehensive structures as well as the glycoarrays to unveil the glycan functions are described in this book.Table of ContentsIntroduction: Glycome and the Glyco-toolbox; Methodologies in Chemical Syntheses of Carbohydrates; Synthetically Useful Glycosyltransferases for the Access of Mammalian Glycomes; Chemical Synthesis of N-Glycans; Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans; Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of α-Dystroglycan O-Mannose Glycans; Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins; Synthesis of Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides and Chondroitin Sulfate Glycopeptides; Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate and Heparin; Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids (GSLs); Enzymatic and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOS); Synthesis of Marine Polysaccharides/Oligosaccharides and Their Derivatives; Glycan Production by Bacterial Fermentation; Solid-phase Glycan Synthesis; Reverse Synthesis of Natural Glycans; Novel Technologies for Quantitative O-glycomics and Amplification/Preparation of Cellular O-glycans; Current Stage of Commercially Available Glycans to Support Realization of Biologic Drugs; Glycan Microarrays with Semi-synthetic Neoglycoconjugate Probes in Understanding Glycobiology; Current Stage of Commercial Glycan Microarrays

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Book SynopsisLight induced chemical and physical processes in small organic-/inorganic-/bio-molecules have been a subject of experimental and theoretical research for several decades. Recent advances in high resolution spatio-temporal techniques have offered detailed understanding of excited state processes in small molecules. In sharp contrast, however, information on electronic processes in biomolecules such as isolated proteins and DNA (and their complexes) is still in its infancy. Though extremely complicated to uncover, knowledge of photo-excited state processes of such biomolecules in the cellular/biological context is the eventual goal of scientists working in these areas. Photochemical and photophysical processes in biomolecules are intimately involved in a multitude of functional processes, that include vision, photosynthesis, molecular recognition, gene replication, etc., and can be utilized in areas such as photodynamic therapy. Such processes in DNA are also of interest to both the biological and materials communities as memory devices and structural building blocks. In this volume, the topics covered include: Light induced charge and energy transport in nucleic acids and proteins Photocrosslinking between nucleic acids and proteins Light induced damage and repair in nucleic acids and proteins BionanophotonicsTable of ContentsLight induced charge and energy transport in nucleic acids and proteins; Photocrosslinking between nucleic acids and proteins; Light induced damage and repair in nucleic acids and proteins; Bionanophotonics

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Book SynopsisNew genomic information has revealed the crucial role that protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play in regulating numerous cellular functions. Aberrant forms of these interactions are common in numerous diseases and thus PPIs have emerged as a vast class of critical drug targets. Despite the importance of PPIs in biology, it has been extremely challenging to convert targets into therapeutics and targeting PPIs had long been considered a very difficult task. However, over the past decade the field has advanced with increasing growth in the number of successful PPI regulators. Protein–Protein Interaction Regulators surveys the latest advances in the structural understanding of PPIs as well as recent developments in modulator discovery.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Protein-protein interaction interfaces and their functional implications; Protein-Protein interaction networks in human disease; High Throughput Screening Methods for PPI inhibitor discovery; Computational structural modeling to discover PPI modulators; Small molecule inhibitors of E3 ubiquitin ligases; Hydrogen bond surrogate stabilized helices as Protein-Protein interaction inhibitors; Helix-mimetics as Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors; Discovery and Development of Mcl-1 Inhibitors as Anti-cancer Therapeutics: Hit to Clinical Candidate Optimization; Pharmacological Regulation and Functional Significance of Chromatin Binding by BET Tandem Bromodomains; Small-molecule modulators of Protein-Protein Interactions: focus on 14-3-3 PPIs; Discovery of AMG 232, a small molecule MDM2 inhibitor in clinical development and its back-up clinical candidate, AM-7209; Small Molecule Inhibitors of Myc-Max Interaction and DNA Binding; Small Molecule Modulators of Endo-Lysosomal Toll-Like Receptors

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