Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisIn-cell NMR spectroscopy is a relatively new field. Despite its short history, recent in-cell NMR-related publications in major journals indicate that this method is receiving significant general attention. This book provides the first informative work specifically focused on in-cell NMR. It details the historical background of in-cell NMR, host cells for in-cell NMR studies, methods for in-cell biological techniques and NMR spectroscopy, applications, and future perspectives. Researchers in biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, cell biology, structural biology as well as NMR analysts interested in biological applications will all find this book valuable reading.Table of ContentsIn-cell NMR Spectroscopy: From 2001 to Now; Protein NMR in Escherichia coli; In-cell NMR in Eukaryotic Cells - I (Introduction from Outside of Cells); In-cell NMR in Eukaryotic Cells - II (Direct Protein Expression); Protein Structure Determination in Living Cells from NOE-derived Distance Restraints; In-cell Structure Determination Using Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy; Bioreactor System for In-cell NMR Observation; 19F In-cell NMR; Cellular Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy; In-cell EPR; In-cell NMR: Spectral Optimization and Population Adjustment by Rational Protein Engineering; Protein Stability and Weak Intracellular Interactions; Protein Folding, Maturation and Redox State; All-atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Proteins in Crowded Environments; Primary Drug Screening by In-cell NMR Spectroscopy; In-cell NMR Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids

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Book SynopsisInterest in anthocyanins has increased in the past few years, due to their potential health-promoting properties as dietary antioxidants. Previously they were known as an important class of natural colorant, orange-red to blue-violet, found in fruits such as berries and in vegetables. This book discusses ways of targeting the delivery of these compounds, through manipulation of exploitation mechanisms. It addresses all aspects from extraction of anthocyanins from natural sources, their health benefits and metabolism to specialized controlled release applications. It will serve as a unique reference for those specializing in the fate of anthocyanins in the body (pharmacokinetics) and the research related to controlled release systems. It will provide an insight for pharmaceutical scientists, food engineers, food scientists and those interested in human health and nutrition.Table of ContentsNatural Sources of Anthocyanins; Chemistry of Anthocyanins; Extraction of Anthocyanins from Natural Sources - Methods and Commercial Considerations; Extraction of Anthocyanins from Food Processing Waste - Potential and Issues; Health Benefits of Anthocyanins; Pharmacokinetics; The Stability and Absorption of Anthocyanins in the Mouth; Role of the Stomach in Anthocyanin Absorption; Encapsulation Techniques for Anthocyanins; Routes of Anthocyanin Delivery and Suitable Systems for Targeted Release; Closing Remarks and Future Prospects

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Book SynopsisOptogenetic tools have allowed significant advances in the understanding of biological problems, particularly in the neurosciences field. Biological tools as well as optical set-ups have evolved and a wide range of probes and light-controllable modules are now available. The aim of this book is to give a flavour of illumination strategies and imaging with an overview of the different optogenetic tools and their main applications in cell biology. Based on examples covering the different aspects of cell biology, this book provides a practical approach for using light-emitting sensors and light-driven actuators.Table of ContentsFast Volumetric Imaging Using Light-sheet Microscopy - Principle and Applications; Super-Resolution Microscopy; The Glowing Panoply of Fluorogen-based Markers for Advanced Bioimaging; Optogenetic Reporters for Cell Biology and Neuroscience; Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cellular Signaling Processes; Optogenetic Control of Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species for Photo-inducible Protein Inactivation and Cell Ablation; Optogenetic Tools for Quantitative Biology: The genetically-encoded PhyB-PIF Light-inducible Dimerization System and its Application for Controlling Signal Transduction; Quantitative Control of Kinase Activity with a Mathematical Model; Light control of Transcription in Cells; Building a Light-Inducible Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; Mechanotransduction and Optogenetics

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Book SynopsisAmino Acids, Peptides and Proteins comprises a comprehensive and critical review of significant developments at the biology and chemistry interface. Compiled by leading researchers in their subject, this volume incorporates current trends and emerging areas in topics ranging from synthetic polypeptide materials and conjugates to membrane proteins and bioactive peptides implicated in various diseases and exploited for drug design. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, it will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.Table of ContentsSearch and Destroy: Versatile Proteins Offer Unique Structural Solutions Against Uracil in DNA; HSV Membrane Glycoproteins, Their Function in Viral Entry and Their Use in Vaccine Studies; Branched Polymeric Polypeptides with Poly[Lys]; Peptide-mediated Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease; Nanoscale Chemical Characterisation of Peptides and Proteins Using Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

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Book SynopsisTo thrive, every living cell must continuously gauge and respond to changes in its environment. These changes are ultimately implemented by modulating gene expression, a process that relies on transcription by Nature’s most multivalent molecular machine, the RNA polymerase. This book covers progress made over the past decade understanding how this machine functions to compute the cellular state, from the atomistic structural level responsible for chemistry to the integrative level at which RNA polymerase interacts with the other key molecular machineries of the cell.Table of ContentsThe Transition from Transcription Initiation to Transcription Elongation: Start Site Selection, Initial Transcription, and Promoter Escape; Molecular Basis for Transcriptional Fidelity Control by RNA Polymerase II; 1RNA Polymerase as a Torsional Motor; RNA Polymerase-associated Transcription Elongation Factors; Rho Termination Factor: One Ring to Bind Them All; Global Regulation of Transcription by Nucleotides and (p)ppGpp; Helicases and the Obstructive RNAP; Transcription/Replication Conflicts, Resolution and Coregulation; Using Single-cell RNA Measurements to Decipher the Stochastic Kinetics of Transcription; Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Kinetic Network Models Elucidate RNA Polymerase Transcription Elongation Mechanisms

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Book SynopsisNanoparticles have numerous biomedical applications including drug delivery, bone implants and imaging. A protein corona is formed when proteins existing in a biological system cover the nanoparticle surface. The formation of a nanoparticle–protein corona, changes the behaviour of the nanoparticle, resulting in new biological characteristics and influencing the circulation lifetime, accumulation, toxicity, cellular uptake and agglomeration. This book provides a detailed understanding of nanoparticle–protein corona formation, its biological significance and the factors that govern the formation of coronas. It also explains the impact of nanoparticle–protein interactions on biological assays, ecotoxicity studies and proteomics research. It will be of interest to researchers studying the application of nanoparticles as well as toxicologists and pharmaceutical chemists.Table of ContentsNanoparticle-Protein Corona Complex: Composition, Kinetics, Physico-Chemical Characterization, and Impact on Biomedical Applications; Biological Significance of the Nanoparticles Protein Corona; Factors Affecting a Nanoparticle's Protein Corona Formation; NP-Protein Corona Interaction: Characterization Methods and Analysis; An Analytical Approach to Investigate Nanoparticle-Protein Corona Complexes; Impact of Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions on Biological Assays; Computer Simulations for Understanding Nanoparticle-biomolecule Corona Formation; In Silico Approaches to Design and Characterize Peptide-based Nanostructures; Nanomaterial-Blood Interactions: A Biomedical Perspective; The Protein Corona: Applications and Challenges

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Book SynopsisFrom pathology to treatment, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders highlights the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, neurological disease, endocrine disease and autoimmune disease, and underscores the utilization of miRNA targets in the treatment of these conditions. Providing a comprehensive account, this book also includes the identification of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for disease, as well as evaluates translational value from clinical trials using synthesized and functionalized miRNA mimics and inhibitors. With a global contribution list and chapters from leading experts across the field, MicroRNAs in Diseases and Disorders is an invaluable reference to miRNA researchers and health professionals in a variety of disease areas in government, academia and industry. The book will also appeal to pharmaceutical and medicinal chemists with an interest in miRNA targeting therapeutics, as well as to advanced students in chemical biology and drug discovery.Table of ContentsRole of Nutrition, the Epigenome, and MicroRNAs in Cancer Pathogenesis; Role of MicroRNAs in Metabolic Diseases; Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Coeliac Disease and Other Intestinal Pediatric Diseases - Experimental and Bioinformatics Challenges from the Bench to the Bedside; MicroRNAs and Mycobacterial Infections in Humans and Domestic Animals; Regulation and Function of MicroRNAs in Kidney Diseases; Involvement of MicroRNAs in Autoimmune Diseases; MicroRNAs in Ischemic Stroke, Hemorrhagic Stroke, and Traumatic Brain Injury; MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders; MicroRNAs in Endocrine Disorders; MicroRNAs in Skin Development, Function and Disorders; MicroRNAs in Haematological Diseases; Discovery and Therapeutic Relevance of Small Molecule Modifiers of MicroRNA Function; MicroRNA-specific Argonaute 2 Protein Inhibitors and AGO Loading Inhibitors; Strategies for Safe and Targeted Delivery of MicroRNA Therapeutics; Modification of Drug Response in Cancer by MicroRNAs; Nanoparticle Delivery of MiRNA in Cancer

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Book SynopsisThe understanding of the structure and function of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates remains vital in many fields, notably in medicine and molecular biology. This new volume of Carbohydrate Chemistry contains critical reviews covering the latest findings in both chemical and biological sciences, and demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of modern carbohydrate research. This book addresses diverse applications that continue to be major challenges for carbohydrate chemists. The oxidative deamination reactions and synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives, ketoheptoses, lipid A and analogs, the fascinating world of complex glycans in the interplay with Siglecs, carbohydrates and regenerative medicine, chemistry for the stereocontrol of glycosylation, and the impact of gold chemistry in carbohydrate research are some of the topics presented in this volume 44, which will certainly benefit any researcher who wishes to learn about the latest developments in the carbohydrate field.Table of ContentsOxidative Deamination of Amino Sugars: Recent Advances; Exploring the Fascinating World of Sialoglycans in the Interplay with Siglecs; Synthesis of Lipid A and its Analogs and Conjugates; Hydrogen-bond-mediated Aglycone Delivery (HAD) and Related Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry; Formation of 2-Ketoheptoses; Functionalized CARB Pharmacophore (FCP) Approach to Thio and Unsaturated Carbohydrate Scaffolds with Potential Anticancer Activity; Application of Computational Methods for the Studies of Carbohydrate Reactivity; Recent Advances in the Application of NMR Methodologies to Analyze the Conformation, Dynamics, and Interactions of Saccharides; High Resolution 1H-NMR Spectroscopy as a Tool in Disclosing the Structure of O-linked Glycans from Glycoproteins; Strategies for Developing Carbohydrates as Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Recent Advances on Glycosphingolipid GM3; Glycans and Hybrid Glyco-materials for Artificial Cell Microenvironment Fabrication

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Book SynopsisElectrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful and versatile analytical technique, which is widely applied for biosensing and successfully commercialized in the healthcare diagnostic market. After introducing the fundamental concepts, this book will highlight the recent analytical applications with a special focus on immunoassays, genotoxicity, imaging, DNA and enzymatic assays. The topic is clearly at the frontier between several scientific domains involving analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, photochemistry, materials science, nanoscience and biology. This book is ideal for graduate students, academics and researchers in industry looking for a comprehensive guide to the different aspects of electrogenerated chemiluminescence.Trade ReviewThe book is well developed, and the topic is presented with a clear logic. The present book is a needed contribution, it allows to easily access the topic and provides comprehensive insights of both the theoretical aspects and recent technological advancement. It provides a unique resource of information and a reference point to researchers in the physical, chemical, and biological sciences. -- Federico Polo, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice * https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02744-z *Table of ContentsIntroduction and Overview of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence; Energetic and Kinetic Aspects of ECL Generation; Efficient ECL Luminophores; Electrochemiluminescence Coreactants; Theoretical Concepts Underlying ECL Generation; The Essential Role of Electrode Materials in ECL Applications; Wireless ECL Generation Based on Bipolar Electrochemistry; Multicolour Electrochemiluminescence; ECL of Nanomaterials: Novel Materials, Detection Strategies and Applications; ECL Detection of Nanoparticles; Single Entity Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence; Enzymatic Assays; DNA-based ECL Assays; Microfluidic ECL and Voltammetric Arrays for Metabolite-related DNA Damage; Automated Immunoassays for the Detection of Biomarkers in Body Fluids; Electrochemiluminescence Imaging

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Book SynopsisAs analysis, in terms of detection limits and technological innovation, in chemical and biological fields has developed so computational techniques have advanced enabling greater understanding of the data. Indeed, it is now possible to simulate spectral data to an excellent level of accuracy, allowing chemists and biologists access to robust and reliable analytical methodologies both experimentally and theoretically. This work will serve as a definitive overview of the field of computational simulation as applied to analytical chemistry and biology, drawing on recent advances as well as describing essential, established theory. Computational approaches provide additional depth to biochemical problems, as well as offering alternative explanations to atomic scale phenomena. Highlighting the innovative and wide-ranging breakthroughs made by leaders in computational spectrum prediction and the application of computational methodologies to analytical science, this book is for graduates and postgraduate researchers showing how computational analytical methods have become accessible across disciplines. Contributed chapters originate from a group of internationally-recognised leaders in the field, each applying computational techniques to develop our understanding of and supplement the data obtained from experimental analytical science.Table of ContentsUnivariate and Multivariate Statistical Approaches to the Analysis and Interpretation of NMR-based Metabolomics Datasets of Increasing Complexity; Recent Advances in Computational NMR Spectrum Prediction; Computational Vibrational Spectroscopy: A Contemporary Perspective; Isotope Effects as Analytical Probes: Application of Computational Theory; Applications of Computational Intelligence Techniques in Chemical and Biochemical Analyiss; Computational Spectroscopy and Photophysics in Complex Biological Systems: Towards an in silico Photobiology; Bridging the Gap Between Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Wet-lab Experimental Techniques: Applications to Membrane Proteins; Solid State Chemistry: Computational Chemical Analysis for Materials Science; Electron Spin Resonance for the Detection of Paramagnetic Species: from Fundamentals to Computational Methods for Simulation and Interpretation

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Book SynopsisAs humans evolved from primordial organisms they lost the capacity to make certain essential molecules. By their very absence in specific pathologies and diseases, the thirteen human vitamins were discovered and their crucial role in metabolism revealed. This textbook provides a thorough chemocentric view on the key small molecules of life, the human vitamins and their active coenzyme forms. Detailing how their unique chemistries control the interconversion and the flux of hundreds of central human metabolites, The Chemical Biology of Human Vitamins examines the parallel and convergent tracks of the vitamins and their coenzyme forms. Analysing the mode of action of each of the vitamins, the book will illuminate the challenges that face each cell; metabolism could not proceed without the chemical functional groups vitamins provide. Authored by leading educators, this text will serve as an ideal guide and reference point for chemists in both academia and industry, graduates and advanced undergraduate students in biochemistry, chemical biology, metabolism and metabolomics.Table of ContentsSection 1: Overview, A Molecular View of Vitamin Action; Human Vitamins: Discovery and Characterization; Metabolic Logic through the Lens of Coenzyme Forms of Human Vitamins; Section 2: The Metabolic Roles of Water-soluble Vitamins; Vitamin B1 Converted to the Coenzyme Thiamin Pyrophosphate; Vitamin B2 Riboflavin; Vitamin B3 Niacin and the Nicotinamide Coenzymes; Vitamin B5: Pantothenate; Coenzyme Forms of Vitamin B6; Vitamin B7: Biotin; Vitamin B9: Folic Acid; Vitamin B12: Two Coenzyme Forms; Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid; Section 3: The Metabolic Roles of Lipid-soluble Vitamins; Vitamin A: Three Vitamer Forms: Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Section 4; Vitamin Chemistry Drives Human Metabolic Logic; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisNumerous genetic methods can be utilised to link a phenotype to a single molecular target but annotated small molecule chemical probes and even entire chemogenomic libraries are increasingly being used as a complementary approach. This book will comprehensively cover the state of the art in chemical probes and best practice for use in target discovery, illustrated throughout with examples. Ideal for students and established biochemists, the book will also cover new technologies for probe discovery, new probe modalities, the new field of probes for RNA targets and the mature field of kinase chemical probes.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Chemical Probes; DNA-Encoded Chemistry and its use to Discover Chemical Probes; Computational Methods for the Discovery of Chemical Probes; Best Practices for Design and Characterization of Covalent Chemical Probes; Cyclic Peptides as Chemical Probes; Discovery and Use of Natural Products and Derivatives as Chemical Probes; Targeted Protein Degradation Chemical Probes; Chemical Probes for Kinases; Chemical Probes to Control RNA Function; Assays to Characterize Cellular Pharmacology of a Chemical Probe; Chemical Probes in Cellular Assays for Target Validation and Screening in Neurodegeneration

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Book SynopsisRecently, groups from different fields have been making significant advances in creating the printing tools, chemical reactions, and analytical approaches for developing and studying 3D nanostructures composed of glycans and glycomimetics. This Faraday Discussion aims to bring these communities together in a single symposium to create a new language for approaching the challenge of carbohydrate-based biointerfaces, ranging from researchers who focus entirely on printing tools, surface chemistry, binding thermodynamics and glycobiology, and others whose nascent efforts to combine these are leading to groundbreaking new materials and a revolutionary understanding of these unconventional surface interactions, where multivalency and cooperativity have an outsized role. This symposium will show how chemistry, particularly the combination of physical and organic chemistry, will continue to drive advances in the field, and provide new approaches to understanding, and in turn, creating biomimetic materials with precisely controlled nanoscale structure in three dimensions. In this volume the topics covered include: Multidimensional micro- and nano-printing technologies Preparation of multivalent glycan micro- and nano-arrays Glycan interactions on glycocalyx New directions in surface functionalization and characterizationTable of ContentsMultidimensional Micro- and Nano-printing Technologies; Preparation of Multivalent Glycan Micro- and Nano-arrays; Glycan Interactions on Glycocalyx Mimetic Surfaces; New Directions in Surface Functionalization and Characterization

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Book SynopsisTargeting protein degradation using small molecules is one of the most exciting small-molecule therapeutic strategies in decades and a rapidly growing area of research. In particular, the development of proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTACs) as potential drugs capable of recruiting target proteins to the cellular quality control machinery for elimination has opened new avenues to address traditionally ‘difficult to target’ proteins. This book provides a comprehensive overview from the leading academic and industrial experts on recent developments, scope and limitations in this dynamically growing research area; an ideal reference work for researchers in drug discovery and chemical biology as well as advanced students.Table of ContentsPROTAC-mediated Target Degradation: A Paradigm Changer in Drug Discovery?; Structural and Biophysical Principles of Degrader Ternary Complexes; Immediate and Selective Control of Protein Abundance using the dTAG System; Developing Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationships with PROTACs; New Activities of CELMoDs, Cereblon E3 Ligase Modulating Drugs; Structure-based PROTACs Design; Plate-Based High Throughput Cellular Degradation Assays to Identify PROTACS Molecules and Protein Degraders; PROTAC Targeting BTK for the Treatment of Ibrutinib-Resistant B-Cell Malignancies; An Efficient Approach Toward Drugging Undruggable Targets; E3-Mediated Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Protein Ligation: Mechanisms and Chemical Probes; Plant E3 Ligases as Versatile Tools for Novel Drug Development and Plant Bioengineering; Deubiquitinase Inhibitors: An Emerging Therapeutic Class; Targeting Translation Regulation for the Development of Novel Drugs; Classes, Modes-of-action and Selection of New Modalities in Drug Discovery; Small Molecule Targeted Degradation of RNA

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Book SynopsisInsight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.Table of ContentsEndocrine Disruptor Effects on Estrogen, Androgen and Thyroid Pathways: Recent Advances on Screening and Assessment; Epigenetic Reprogramming by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals; Issues for Hazard Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: The Use of Adverse Outcome Pathways; Integrated Translation Framework for Endocrine Disruptors in the area of Computational Toxicology; Sex-specific Actions of Endocrine Disruptors; Health Risks of Transplacental Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors; Endocrine Disruptors and Cancer: From Genotoxicity Mechanisms to Ethnicity-related Susceptibility; Bone as a Target for Endocrine Disruptors; Pathways of ED-induced Neuro-developmental Disturbances: An Overview; Vitamin A and the Retinoid System – From Nutrition to Endocrine Disruption; Linking Ecohealth and One Health approaches. A Case Study on the EU Water Framework Directive Strategy About Alkylphenols in Aquatic Ecosystems; Pollution of Water and Food by Hormonally Active Pesticides and Drugs (Human and Veterinary): Focus on Emerging Countries: Emerging Contaminants with Endocrine Disruption Potential in Brazil; Pollution of Food and Water by Hormonally Active Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs Residues: Focus on Sub Saharan African Countries; Natural Substances in Supplements and Nutraceuticals as Endocrine Disruptors; Endocrine Disruptors in Building Materials; Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Clothing and Cosmetics; Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment; Biomarkers of Effect for EDCs and Indicators to be Used in Epidemiological Studies on Reproductive Health; Occupational Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors and Reproductive Health; Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Environmental Health and Clinical Experts on Cancers and Infertility Associated with Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors; Regulation and Risk Management of Endocrine Disruptors: Current Status and Future Perspectives

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Book SynopsisHow life originated from the inanimate mixture of organic and inorganic compounds on the priomordial earth remains one of the great unknowns in science. This origin of life, or abiogenesis, continues to be examined in the context of the conditions and materials required for natural life to have begun on Earth both theoretically and experimentally. This book provides a broad but in-depth analysis of the latest discoveries in prebiotic chemsitry from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale; utilising experimental insight to provide a bottom up approach to plausibly explaining how life arose. With contributions from global leaders, this book is an ideal reference for postgraduate students and a single source of comprehensive information on the latest technical and theoretical advancements for researchers in a variety of fields from astrochemistry and astrophysics to organic chemistry and evolution.Table of ContentsOrigin of the Universe and Planetary Systems; Geoastronomy: Rocky Planets as the Lavosier–Lomonosov Bridge from the Non-living to the Living World; First Steps of Prebiotic Chemistry Catalyzed by Minerals and Metals; Prebiotic Condensing Agents; Soft Matter Science in Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origins of Life; The Miller–Urey Experiment’s Impact on Modern Approaches to Prebiotic Chemistry; From Amino Acids to Peptides Before the Coming of Ribosomes; Prebiotic Chemistry of Nucleobases and Nucleotides; Prebiotic Amphiphiles: The Systems Chemistry Perspective; The Handy Formamide Model System for Prebiotic Chemistry; How Did the Proteome Emerge from Pre-biotic Chemistry?; Investigating Prebiotic Protocells for an Understanding of the Origin of Life: A Comprehensive Perspective Combining the Chemical, Evolutionary and Historical Aspects; Toward Evolution in Chemical Reaction Networks; New Directions for an Experimental Approach to the Chemistry of the Origin of Life

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Book SynopsisThe Capsicum genus comprises the botanic species known as chili peppers, the most widely consumed natural product by humankind. Their usage is diverse and varies from food additives to defensive devices and medicines. Providing a comprehensive overview of the great popularization and socioeconomic importance of Capsicum, this book includes a holistic description of the properties of Capsicum and how this correlates with the chemical profile. Several of their specialized metabolites, such as capsaicinoids and carotenoids, are in fact responsible for peppers characterization as a functional food as they provide pungency, deterrent properties and outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and chemopreventive. This book shows the big picture behind peppers featuring as functional foods using a biochemistry background to elucidate how the chemical composition of this genus can affect its unique bioactivity and sensorial characteristics. In addition, the state-of-art regarding Capsicum exploitation is also emphasized. Intended for all types of audiences, it is a resource for those curious about peppers pungency, for graduate students aiming to improve their skills and professional who need to update their knowledge regarding peppers chemistry and pharmacology.Table of ContentsCapsicum Origin and Evolution;Biological Features of Capsicum;Capsaicinoids, the Origin of Pungency;Bioactive Specialised Metabolites of Capsicum;Sensory Attributes of Capsicum;Nutritional Aspects of Capsicum;Capsicum Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics;Capsicum Oleoresins;Analytical Methods Applied in Capsicum;Peppers as Non-lethal Weapons;Commercial Applications of Capsicum

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Book SynopsisBiomaterials offer the potential to restore and supplement the function of tissues and organs following injury or disease. The use of inorganic materials in the clinic to date has been widespread, in the form of metallic joint replacements and ceramic dental and bone implants. Exciting new medical applications continue to emerge, enabled by innovative materials for neural interfaces and as anti-fouling agents. The Chemistry of Inorganic Biomaterials overviews the underlying chemistry behind the most common and cutting-edge inorganic materials in current use, or approaching use, in vivo. Framed from the context of the overarching material class/application, it provides a balanced and critical overview of the field by bringing together experts in both the fundamental inorganic and material chemistry, as well as key clinical considerations for biomedical applications. Written in an accessible style, this book will be of interest to advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in biomaterials, inorganic materials and materials chemistry.Table of ContentsMetallic Implants for Biomedical Applications; Calcium Phosphate Cements: Structure Related Properties; Inorganic–Organic Hybrids: Mimicking Native Bone; Bioelectronics and Neural Interfaces; The Effects of Surface Properties on the Antimicrobial and Biotoxicity of Biomaterial Metals and Metal Coatings

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Book SynopsisLegalization of cannabis extracts around the world has led to a resurgence of interest into research surrounding endocannabinoids (eCBs) and the endocannabinoid system. This system is formed of a complex array of receptors, metabolic enzymes and transporters that finely tune the manifold biological activities of eCBs and there is an urgent need for the development of selective drugs to dissect the contribution of eCBs to the aetiology of various diseases. New Tools to Interrogate Endocannabinoid Signalling comprehensively covers the innovative research into both natural and synthetic compounds that affect this pathway and taking a target-based approach, assesses their potential for therapeutic use. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this timely volume will be a valuable resource to pharmaceutical researchers and medicinal chemists working in natural products and endocannabinoid drug discovery in academia and industry.Table of ContentsQuest for Magic Bullets to Solve the Endocannabinoid Puzzle; Phytocannabinoids versus Endocannabinoids. A Modern View of the Endocannabinoid System; Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs to Target Type-1 Cannabinoid (CB1) Receptor; Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs to Target Type-2 Cannabinoid (CB2) Receptor; Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids Targeting non-CB1, non-CB2 G Protein Coupled Receptors; Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs Targeting the Ionotropic Cannabinoid Members of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels; Inhibition of NAPE-PLD Activity by Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs, and its Biological Relevance; Natural Compounds and Synthetic Drugs to Target FAAH Enzyme; Natural and Synthetic Agents that Target Intracellular Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MGL) Activity; Small Molecule Inhibitors of Endocannabinoid Transport and Trafficking

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Book SynopsisThe DNA of all organisms is constantly being damaged by endogenous and exogenous sources. Oxygen metabolism generates reactive species that can damage DNA, proteins and other organic compounds in living cells. Exogenous sources include ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, carcinogenic compounds and environmental toxins among others. The discovery of multiple DNA lesions and DNA repair mechanisms showed the involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, most notably cancer. These books provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary area of DNA damage and DNA repair, and their relevance to disease pathology. Edited by recognised leaders in the field, this two-volume set is an appealing resource to a variety of readers including chemists, chemical biologists, geneticists, cancer researchers and drug discovery scientists.Table of ContentsBiomonitoring of DNA Damage in Humans; Tandem and Clustered Lesions from Radicals in Nucleic Acids from a Single Initial Chemical Event; Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair in G-Quadruplexes; Oxidatively Induced DNA Damage: Mechanisms and Measurement; Oxidation of the C5' Position in DNA and the Role of Purine 5',8-Cyclo-2'-deoxynucleoside Lesions; Ferroptosis and Oxidative DNA Damage; DNA-Protein Cross-Links: Formation, Genotoxicity and Repair; Substrate Specificities of DNA Glycosylases in vitro and in vivo; The Special Problems for Base Excision Repair in Coping with Oxidatively-induced DNA Damage; Genomic Uracil in Biology, Immunity and Cancer; Alternative DNA Repair Pathways to Handle Complex DNA Damage Generated by Oxidative Stress and Anticancer Drugs; Redox Stress Responses and Human Disease: NTHL1 at the Intersection of DNA Damage Repair and Cancer; Emerging Roles of Non-Canonical RNA Binding Proteins in Repair of Genome Damage Linked to Human Pathologies; Modulation of DNA Glycosylase Activities via Small Molecules; DNA Repair in the Development of Human Diseases and Therapy;

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Book SynopsisIt is vital to improve our understanding of how macromolecules such as peptides interact with membranes. These processes are involved in protein folding, cell signalling, biogenesis, morphogenesis, disease and medical therapy. Next-generation synthetic biology goals will require a clearer understanding of how to control reticulated membrane structures in order to fabricate the supramolecular structures necessary for advanced synthesis and behaviour. This volume will address several related aspects of peptide interactions with membranes. It will consider model theoretical and experimental systems in order to define the ‘reaction space’ that is possible and where appropriate with relevance to fundamental questions in cell biology, including how peptides and proteins behave within biological membranes. The topics covered include: Theoretical and experimental comparisons of simple peptide-membrane systems Theoretical and experimental studies of complex peptide-membrane systems Behaviour and interactions of proteins and peptides with and within membranes Peptide-membrane interactions and biotechnologyTable of ContentsTheoretical and experimental comparisons of simple peptide-membrane systems; Theoretical and experimental studies of complex peptide-membrane systems; Behaviour and interactions of proteins and peptides with and within membranes; Peptide-membrane interactions and biotechnology

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Book SynopsisThis volume aims to provide an in-depth view of the complete biochemistry of sulfur with an emphasis on aspects not covered elsewhere. Given its role in the formation of proteins and presence in the amino acids methionine and cysteine, sulfur is essential to life. Current literature on the biochemistry of sulfur is vast and widely dispersed, as such this volume is intended as a single-source for everything concerning sulfur biochemistry from metabolic roles of inorganic sulfur, to thiol and thioether chemical biology, to the university of cysteine chemistry in proteomes. Authored by a renowned biochemist and experienced writer and educator, this book is ideal for students and researchers in biochemistry, biology and the life sciences with an interest in sulfur and its role in life.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Sulfur Chemical Biology; Sulfate Reducing Bacteria; Sulfide Oxidizing Bacteria; Organosulfur Metabolites in Biological Systems; The Nucleophilic Thiolate in Cysteine and Cysteamine Scaffolds; Protein Cysteine Persulfides and Fe-S Clusters: Intersection of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur Biochemistry; Cysteine to Taurine: Thiol to Sulfonic Acid; Methionine: Thioether Biological Chemistry; One-electron vs. Two-electron Reaction Manifolds in Sulfur Enzymology; Sulfuryl Transferases and Sulfatases; C-S Bond Formations in Primary and Secondary Metabolism; Cysteinyl Proteomes I: Metal Coordination and Catalytic Intermediates; The Posttranslational Cysteinyl Proteome; Cysteinyl Proteomes: Exotic Modifications; A Traverse Through Sulfur Chemical Biology

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Book SynopsisThe efficient analysis of polar and charged metabolites in biological samples remains a huge challenge in the field of metabolomics. Over the past years, novel mass spectrometry-based analytical tools have been developed to enable the sensitive and efficient profiling of polar ionogenic metabolites in various biological samples. This book gives the reader a comprehensive overview of these recent technological developments. Topics covered include the use of chemical labelling strategies for allowing the analysis of polar metabolites using reversed-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) and the latest methodological developments in RPLC-MS, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-MS and ion-pair LC-MS approaches. Attention is also paid to developments in nano-LC-MS and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry methods specifically for profiling polar metabolites in small volume biological samples. The utility of ion-mobility MS and NMR spectroscopy will also be outlined. Sample preparation is the key part in the analytical workflow employed for metabolomics. Therefore, ample emphasis will be given on recent solid-phase extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction methods. Finally, analytical techniques for chiral metabolic profiling will also be considered. Discussing the state-of-the-art of the proposed topics in one single book for probing the polar metabolome, using relevant examples, is unique and needed in the metabolomics field. This book has relevance and appeal to an international audience of analytical and biomedical researchers in industry and academia.Table of ContentsState-of-the-art in LC–MS Approaches for Probing the Polar Metabolome; Chemical Derivatization for Polar Metabolome Analysis; Ion Pair Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Probing the Polar Metabolome; Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HILIC–MS) Approaches for Probing the Polar Metabolome; Advances in Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) for Metabolomics; State-of-the-art Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Methods for Analyzing the Polar Metabolome; Ion Mobility–Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry and Applications for Metabolomics; NMR Approaches for Probing the Polar Metabolome; State-of-the-art Mass Spectrometry-based Approaches to Explore the Polar Metabolome: Alzheimer’s Disease as a Case Study; Analytical Techniques for Material-limited Metabolomics: Recent Developments and Applications; More with Less: Single-cell Metabolomics by Mass Spectrometry; Chiral Metabolomics

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Book SynopsisNanoparticles can be synthesised via a number of methods, including chemical vapor deposition, ball milling, laser ablation, thermal decomposition and chemical reduction. Chemical reduction is usually preferred, due to its ease and cost-effectiveness. There are several types of compound used as reducing agents in nanoparticle synthesis, and one recent development is the use of biological entities as environmentally friendly reductants. This book will highlight the role of reducing agents in the chemical synthesis of nanoparticle systems, presenting the main categories of reducing agents, which vary on reactivity, selectivity, availability and toxicity. It will provide a comprehensive presentation of both modern and more conventional types of reagents. Emphasis will be given on the presentation not only of the functionality, but also of all the different advantages and limitations of each kind of reducing agent. With contributions from global experts, this title will be appropriate for graduate students and researchers in nanochemistry, colloidal synthesis, inorganic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, chemical engineering, physical chemistry, materials science, biology and physics.Table of ContentsReducing Agents in Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis – an Introduction; Role of Alcohols in Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis; Polyols as a Toolbox for the Preparation of Inorganic-based Nanostructures; Role of Phenols and Phenol Derivatives in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles; Gases; Amines and Amine-boranes; Acids; Amino Acids and Peptides in Colloidal Nanoparticle Synthesis; Hydrides; Polysaccharides; Other Polymers; Biological Materials; Proteins Engineer the Size and Morphology of Noble Metal Nanoparticles; Silicon Nanoparticles and Carbon Dots; Miscellaneous Reductants

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Book SynopsisPhotochemistry is an important facet in the study of the origin of life and prebiotic chemistry. Solar photons are the unique source of the large amounts of energy likely required to initiate the organisation of matter to produce biological life. The Miller–Urey experiment simulated the conditions thought to be present on the early earth and supported the hypothesis that under such conditions complex organic compounds could be synthesised from simpler inorganic precursors. The experiment inspired many others, including the production of various alcohols, aldehydes and organic acids through UV-photolysis of water vapour with carbon monoxide. This book covers the photochemical aspects of the study of prebiotic and origin of life chemistry an ideal companion for postgraduates and researchers in prebiotic chemistry, photochemistry, photobiology, chemical biology and astrochemistry.Table of ContentsThe Light of Photophysics and Photochemistry; Extraterrestrial Photochemistry: Principles and Applications; Gas-phase Prebiotic Chemistry Driven by Ultraviolet Photolysis of Simple Molecules; Unveiling Early Earth Photochemistry Through Experimental Simulations of Planetary Atmospheres; Rethinking UV-induced Prebiotic Selection of Biomolecules; The Role of Photochemistry in the Prebiotic Model of Formamide; Nucleobases as Molecular Fossils of Prebiotic Photochemistry: Excited-state Dynamics of C2 and C6 Substituted Purines; Comets, Do They Have a Role in Prebiotic Photochemistry?; Life Chooses Homochirality: The Role of Cosmic Dust in Chiral Selection; Interstellar Complex Organic Molecules: A Step Toward Biomolecule Building Blocks in the Skies; The Buried Chemical Wealth of Ices in Protoplanetary Discs; Consequences of Heavy Bombardment on Prebiotic Synthesis; The Birth and Fate of Glycine: From the Interstellar Medium to Primitive Earth; Reconciling the Genetics-first and Metabolism-first Scenarios of the Origin of Life: Cyclic GMP as the Seed of Life;

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Book SynopsisPorphyrinoids are pyrrole-containing macrocycles with varied core sizes, which have found many applications beyond the original chemical and biological aspects. Porphyrin research has a long history, covering a wide variety of disciplines of natural sciences, including photosynthesis, P450-related biocatalysis, organic photovoltaic cells, photodynamic therapeutic agents, bioimaging probes, chemosensors, conductive organic materials, light-emitting materials, near-infrared dyes, nonlinear optical materials, information storage, molecular wires, and metal ligands. This book gives an overview of the applications and potential applications of porphyrins and related macrocycles as smart or functional materials. Chapters cover applications in fields such as energy storage and transfer, water purification, molecular electronics and imaging. With contributions from leading global researchers, this title will be of interest to graduate students and researchers across materials science, chemistry, physics and medicine.Table of ContentsFundamentals and Applications in Solution-phase Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis; Electrochemistry-driven Electron-transfer Processes in Porphyrinoids; Porphyrinoids as Active Masses in Electrochemical Energy Storage; Self-assembly on Crystalline Surfaces: From Phthalocyanines to Porphyrins; Chemical Vapour Deposition of Porphyrins; Liquid Crystalline Phthalocyanines; Recent Progress in Porphyrin Derivatives Used in Organic Thin-film Solar Cells; Photophysical Characterization of Porphyrinoids; Porphyrinoids for Photodynamic Therapy; Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for In Vivo Bioimaging; Porphyrinoids in Association with Nanomaterials for Water Purification; Porphyrinoids Used for Photodynamic Inactivation against Bacteria; Applicability of Highly Functional Phthalogens

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Book SynopsisWith the expansion of human settlements and the environmental changes brought on by human activity and pollutants toxicology and risk assessment of mammal species is becoming increasingly of interest to toxicologists involved in environmental research. This book focuses specifically on environmental risk assessment in marsupial and placental mammals. Marsupial ecotoxicology is poorly understood in scientific research and as such environmental risk assessment in marsupials is an area of rapidly growing interest. This book will be an ideal companion to toxicologists and ecologists interested in risk assessment in the environments of mammals. Particularly those with an interest in the impact introduced by human activity. The book will also be of interest to those working in conservation biology, biological invasion, biocontrol and habitat management.Table of ContentsGeneral Aspects – Current and Further Perspectives; Cenozoic South American Metatherians (Mammalia, Theria) as Indicators of Climate–Environmental Changes; Didelphis virginiana (Marsupialia, Didelphimorphia): A Proposal for Its Use as Biomonitor of Environmental Pollution; An Arboreal Marsupial as an Indicator of Forest Degradation; The Physiological Ecology of the Enigmatic Colocolo Opossum, the Monito Del Monte (Genus Dromiciops) and Its Role as a Bioindicator of the Broadleaf Biome; Organochlorine Pesticides in Rivers from Riparian Cloud Forests: Prediction of Concentrations in the Fruit Bat Sturnira hondurensis; Marine Mammals as Indicators of Environmental Pollution and Potential Health Effects; Heavy Metal Impacts: An Evaluation of Toxicological Concern in Stranded Odontocetes in Southern South America; Reproductive and Teratogenic Effects of Pesticides on Great Apes (Hominidae); Epilogue and Final Remarks

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Book SynopsisGreen toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.Table of ContentsGreen Chemistry for Green Toxicology; In Silico Tools to Assess Chemical Hazard; Toxicity Testing for R&D Chemistry; Designing Away Exposure; Life Cycle Analysis; Biobased Chemicals; Nanomaterials; Polymers; The Future of Benign Design

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Book SynopsisAlexander Todd, the 1957 Nobel laureate in chemistry is credited with the statement: “where there is life, there is phosphorus”. Phosphorus chemical biology underlies most of life’s reactions and processes, from the covalent bonds that hold RNA and DNA together, to the making and spending 75 kg of ATP every day, required to run almost all metabolic and mechanical events in cells. Authored by a renowned biochemist, The Chemical Biology of Phosphorus provides an in-depth, unifying chemical approach to the logic and reactivity of inorganic phosphate and its three major derivatives (anhydrides, mono- and diesters) throughout biology to examine why life depends on phosphorus. Covering the breadth of phosphorus chemistry in biology, this book is ideal for biochemistry students, postgraduates and researchers interested in the chemical logic of phosphate metabolites, energy generation, biopolymer accumulation and phosphoproteomics.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Phosphorus Chemical Biology; Inorganic Phosphate, Pyrophosphate and Polyphosphate; ATP as the Premier Biologic Phosphoryl Transfer Reagent; Nucleotidyl Transfers (ATPs and NTPs); Pyrophosphoryl and Adenosyl Transfers from Mg-ATP; Activated Phosphoryl Groups and Biosynthetic Paths to ATP; Phosphomonoesters: Enzymatic Formation and Decomposition; Phosphodiesters and Phosphotriesters; Phosphorylases: Inorganic Phosphate as Oxygen Nucleophile; N-P Bond Chemical Biology; C-P Bonds in Biology: Phosphonates and Phosphinates; P-S Bonds: Phosphorothioates; Scope and Roles of Posttranslational Protein Phosphorylations; Noncanonical Phosphoproteomes; Canonical Phosphoproteomics: Phosphoserine, Phosphothreonine and Phosphotyrosine; Noncanonical Phosphoproteomics II; Broad Biologic Arcs from Only Four Types of Phosphate Molecules

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Book SynopsisBisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume endocrine-disrupting chemical present in numerous consumer products. Extensive use of BPA has led to wide-spread contamination in the air, soil, and water, leading to ubiquitous human exposure. Research into BPA has grown exponentially over the past ten years, with numerous modes of action being identified that impact human health and disease development. While BPA has estrogenic effects, emerging literature has identified several non-receptor mediated modes of action, such as epigenetic reprogramming, that can affect the long-term health of the population. This book highlights the multiple modes of action BPA can use to reprogram cells genetically and metabolically. By compiling critical studies in BPA and outlining the connections and disparities in the literature to build a broader understanding of this complex endocrine-disrupting chemical and its impact on the environment and human health, this book is an ideal resource for postgraduates and researchers in a range of disciplines from toxicology to epigenetics and cancer epidemiology.Table of ContentsClassical and Non-classical Estrogen Receptor Efects of Bisphenol A; Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Bisphenol A; Bisphenol A (BPA) Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Diseases; Bisphenol A and its Impact on Human Telomerase, Telomere Length and Cell Aging; The Role of Bisphenol A in Development of Autoimmunity; A Novel Model for the Estrogenic Action of BPA in Developing Brain Following Maternal Ingestion; Bisphenol A’s Pleiotropic Effects Alter Milk Synthesis and Production

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Book SynopsisMimicking nature's efficiency and sustainability in organic chemistry is a major goal for future chemists; redox reactions are a key element in a variety of fields ranging from synthesis and catalysis to materials chemistry and analytical applications. Sustainability is increasingly becoming a consideration in synthesis and functional chemistry and an essential element for the next generation of chemistry in academia and industry. This book represents a compilation of the latest advancements in functional redox chemistry and demonstrates its importance in achieving a more sustainable future. This book is an ideal companion for any postgraduate students or researchers interested in sustainability in academia and industry.Table of ContentsRedox-mediated Electrochemical Cyclization Reactions; Recent Advances in the Kolbe and Non-Kolbe Electrolysis of Carboxylic Acids; Novel Electrolytic Processes; A Sugar Machine; Vanadium(V)-induced Oxidative Cross-coupling of Enolate Species; Mediated Electron Transfer in Electrosynthesis: Concepts, Applications, and Recent Influences from Photoredox Catalysis; Synergy of Electrochemistry and Asymmetric Catalysis; Alternative Approaches for Scalable Artificial Photosynthesis via Sustainable Redox Processes; Bioinspired Catalyst Learned from B12-dependent Enzymes; Redox-active Molecules and Their Energy Device Application; Redox-active Polymeric Materials; Chiral Metal Electrodes for Enantioselective Analysis, Synthesis, and Separation; Fluorescent Sensors for Water; Photoredox Chemistries of Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes; Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence in Functional Redox Chemistry

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Book SynopsisThe DNA of all organisms is constantly being damaged by endogenous and exogenous sources. Oxygen metabolism generates reactive species that can damage DNA, proteins and other organic compounds in living cells. Exogenous sources include ionizing and ultraviolet radiations, carcinogenic compounds and environmental toxins among others. The discovery of multiple DNA lesions and DNA repair mechanisms showed the involvement of DNA damage and DNA repair in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, most notably cancer. These books provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary area of DNA damage and DNA repair, and their relevance to disease pathology. Edited by recognised leaders in the field, this two-volume set is an appealing resource to a variety of readers including chemists, chemical biologists, geneticists, cancer researchers and drug discovery scientists.Table of ContentsMechanisms and Maps of Nucleotide Excision Repair; Emerging Concepts on the Early Steps of Base Excision Repair Pathway with a Focus on Gene Expression; Base Excision Repair in Plants: Variations on a Theme; OGG1 at the Crossroads of Inflammation and DNA Base Excision Repair; Fidelity Mechanisms of DNA Polymerase Beta; DNA Damage Leads to Neurodegeneration via Mitochondrial Dysfunction; Emerging Roles of Sirtuins in Chromatin Regulation and DNA Repair Via their NAD+-dependent Activities; Unique Roles of Human Translesion Synthesis DNA Polymerase; Replicative and Transcriptional Bypass of Alkylated DNA Lesions in Human Cells; Mutational Spectra Provide Insight into the Mechanisms Bridging DNA Damage to Genetic Disease; Evolving DNA Repair Targets for Cancer Therapy; Basic, Translational and Clinical Relevance of the DNA Repair and Redox Signaling Protein APE1 in Human Diseases; The role of PARP and the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors in cancer; Translating DNA Adduct Knowledge to Human Prevention Trials; DNA Damage and the Maintenance of Nuclear Genome Integrity in Aging and Associated Phenotypes; Gamma- and Ion-beam DNA Radiation Damage: Theory and Experiment;

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Book SynopsisIn many fields, most notably medicine and molecular biology, the understanding of the structure and function of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates remains vital. This new volume contains critical reviews covering the latest findings in both chemical and biological sciences, and demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of modern carbohydrate research. This book addresses diverse applications that continue to be major challenges for carbohydrate chemists. The book starts with a review of Gérard Descotes contribution to the field as a pioneer of French modern carbohydrate chemistry. Green nanocatalytic oxidation of free sugars, photosensitive glycomacrocycles, the application of disaccharides in supramolecular chemistry, recent advances in the radiation chemistry of polysaccharides, and the cell wall pectic rhamnogalacturonan II, an enigma in plant glycobiology are just some of the diverse topics presented in Volume 45. This set of reports will certainly benefit any researcher who wishes to learn about the latest developments in the carbohydrate field.Table of ContentsApplications of fluorous tag methodology in carbohydrate synthesis; Recent progress in the glycosylation of lupanes; Synthetic routes targeting agrocinopines, bacterial carbohydrate phosphodiesters, and their analogues; Glycosylation in the green chemistry era; Sonogashira cross-coupling on carbohydrate templates; Recent advances in the functionalization of unprotected carbohydrates; Catalytic access to anhydrohexitols and their isomerization; In situ formation of nucleotide-sugars from simple substrates for glycosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions; Enzymes as synthetic tools for the production of pentose-based molecules of interest; Sugar-based organogelators; Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides on soluble support; Disaccharides as building blocks for novel glycomacrocycles; Synthesis and properties of photosensitive glycomacrocycles; Cyclopeptides as glycan-presenting multivalent scaffolds; FimH antagonists prevent biofilm formation on catheter surfaces; Recent progress in O-acetylated gangliosides analysis and functions in cancer; The cell wall pectic rhamnogalacturonan II, an enigma in plant glycobiology; Diagnostic glycotools; Recent advances in the radiation chemistry of destructured starch and other glucans as model compounds; Polyester thermosets from carbohydrates

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Book SynopsisFrom DNA and RNA to proteins and vitamins the role of nitrogen is central in organismal metabolism. The Chemical Biology of Nitrogen comprehensively examines how the chemistry available to both inorganic and organic nitrogen compounds both enable and conditions the vast array of nitrogen biologies. This book provides a chemocentric approach to both the inorganic and organic chemical biology of nitrogen. Following an introduction to nitrogen trivalency the book progresses through the logic of inorganic nitrogen metabolism and organic nitrogen metabolites to nitrogen proteomics with an integrative approach to understanding the role of nitrogen in its many biologic roles. Authored by a renowned scientist and educator, this book is ideal for researchers in chemical biology and nitrogen metabolism and will be of particular interest to advanced students and postgraduates in biochemistry and chemical biology.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Nitrogen Chemical Biology; Inorganic Nitrogen Biochemistry and Dinitrogen Reduction to Ammonia by Nitrogenase; Ammonia Oxidation: Nitrification vs. Anammox; Nitrate Ion Reductive Metabolism: Bifurcation Between Five-electron or Eight-electron Reductions; Chemical Strategies Underlying the Biological Flux of Inorganic Nitrogen Species; Amination Reactions: Incorporation of Ammonia Into Amino Acid Frameworks; When Ammonia Becomes Toxic: Ureido and Guanidinium Forms of Organic Nitrogen; Metabolic Capture of Amines, Imines and Enamines; Nitrogen Heterocycles; B Vitamin Nitrogen Heterocycles; Tetrapyrrole Macrocycles: Aminopyrroles and the Pigments of Life; Organic Nitrogen Oxygenations; Nitriles, Cyanohydrins and Cyanogenesis; One-electron Nitrogen Chemical Biology; Peptide Bond Formation Strategies in Nonribosomal and Ribosomal Assembly Lines; Nitrogen Side Chains in Enzyme Catalysis and Posttranslational Modifications

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Book SynopsisAyurvedic Medicine, or Ayurveda, is a traditional Indian health care system. Research into the medicinal plants utilised in Ayurveda is becoming a global endeavour, and large pharmaceutical companies are investing in novel drug discovery from Ayurvedic sources as a number of clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy of natural products from Ayurvedic plant extracts against common ailments such as arthritis and diabetes. Ayurvedic medicine and its components have been well described in the past, but this book represents a comprehensive source on the biochemistry and mechanisms of the pharmacological effects of natural products from Ayurvedic sources. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in natural products and alternative sources of bioactive compounds in drug discovery, as well as pharmaceutical experts and those in industry.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Ayurvedic Formulations – Exploring the Classical Concepts with Modern Science; Scientific Approach to the Role of Turmeric in Ayurvedic Formulation and their Phytochemistry; Ginger in Ayurvedic Preparations and its Applications in the Development of Nutraceutical, Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods and their Beneficial Effects in Various Biological Activities; Most Modern Approach on the Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Potential of Boswellia in Ayurvedic Formulations; Phytochemical, Botanical and Therapeutic Potential of Withania Somnifera in Ayurveda; Scientific Evaluation on the Role of Ocimum sanctum in Ayurvedic Formulations and Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities; Most Modern Approach on the Phytochemical Evaluation and use of Pepper Species in Ayurvedic Formulations; Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi): Phytochemistry, Use in Traditional Ayurvedic Formulations; Therapeutic Potential of Triphala in Ayurveda and its Phytochemical Studies; Pharmacological Potential and Phytochemical Evaluation of Emblica Officinalis - A Wonder Herb in Ayurveda; Galangal - The Promising Herb in Ayurvedic Formulations: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Evaluations; Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects of Cissus Quadrangularis in Ayurveda; Ayurvedic Knowledge Inspired Approach to Modern Drug Discovery; Ayurvedic Formulation and Their Clinical Uses; Ayurvedic and Traditional Evidences to Clinical Trials: An Overview

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Book SynopsisThe importance of processing and packaging food items so that they are safe for the consumer cannot be underestimated. Sensors have an important role to play in this, and sensing technologies have attracted the attention of the scientific community in view of increasing environmental and societal concerns. This edited volume presents a collection of ten chapters discussing the current trends of bio- and nano-sensing technologies for processing and packaging of food items. Starting with an overview chapter which introduces the field, the book goes on to discuss novel applications related to preservation, authenticity and safety of foods. Intelligent food packaging and nano-based sensing are covered, and the book finishes with a look towards the pros and cons of how this will revolutionise sensing throughout the food sector. It will be of benefit to scientists and practising professionals conducting research in the areas of food processing, contamination and food safety, and academic researchers and graduate students studying food technology or food engineering.Table of ContentsSensors for the Food Industry: An Introduction; Bio and Nano Sensors in the Food Industry; Bio-based Sensing – Role of Natural Dyes in Food Freshness Indicators; Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Active Packaging Applications; Bio-based and Nanostructured Hybrids for Green and Active Food Packaging; Smart Food Sensing and IoT Technologies;Nano-engineered Sensors for Food Processing; Nanobiomaterials for Food Packaging Sensor Applications; Nanotechnology to Detect the Microbial Toxins in Stored Food; Precautionary Measures for Developing Nano-sensors for the Food Industry

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Book SynopsisThe subject of bioinorganic chemistry is one of the most intellectually attractive and experimentally demanding frontiers in modern chemical science. The problems of this interdisciplinary field are some of the most fascinating at the interface of chemistry, biology, and medicine. This volume brings together world-leaders in the field of bioinorganic chemistry, interlinked with spectroscopic and computational/theoretical physical chemists, to discuss current mechanistic insights into the function of many metalloenzymes, as well as small molecule activation, the synthetic analogue approach to metalloproteins/enzymes, artificial enzymes, the therapeutic use of metal-ligand complexes and the methodologies (both experimental and theoretical) in this area of research. In this volume, the topics covered include: Small molecule activation and synthetic analogues Techniques for studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of metal-ligand exchange reactions Electron transfer, spectroscopy and theory Natural and artificial enzymes and medicinal aspectsTable of ContentsSmall molecule activation and synthetic analogues;Techniques for studying the kinetics and thermodynamics of metal-ligand exchange reactions;Electron transfer, spectroscopy and theory;Natural and artificial enzymes and medicinal aspects

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Book SynopsisCompletely revised and updated, this 2nd Edition of Reactivity and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry is an ideal introduction to the quantitative description of organic reactivity for students in undergraduate and masters chemistry programmes. The book proceeds logically from qualitative molecular orbital theory as a tool for the description of bonding phenomena to combining this with thermochemical data to rationalise concepts such as molecular strain and hyperconjugation. Next, transition state theory, for examining organic reactivity phenomena, is introduced and its relation to energy surfaces and simple rate equations is discussed. On this basis more specific reactivity concepts commonly used in organic chemistry are explored such as the Bell–Evans–Polanyi principle, Marcus theory, HSAB principle, Hammett correlations, the Mayr–Patz equation, and FMO theory. How these reactivity models are applied is demonstrated for pericyclic reactions and selected rearrangement reactions involving transient intermediates such as radicals, diradicals, or carbocations, and for reactions involving classical electrophile/nucleophile combinations.Table of ContentsStructure and Bonding in Organic Molecules; Reactivity Models in Organic Chemistry; Pericyclic Reactions

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