Organic chemistry Books

Book SynopsisThe ability for a material to change properties in response to external stimuli is an attractive feature for numerous applications and as such stimuli responsive materials are gaining attention across many different fields. This book introduces the concepts of stimuli-responsiveness, including the fundamental materials properties required for design. It provides readers with comprehensive scientific principles and developments of stimuli responsive materials, as well as the recent technological advances. Written by a renowned expert in the field, this book is suitable for anyone interested in stimuli responsive materials working in polymers, biochemistry, biotechnology and materials science.Trade ReviewMost of the illustrations are appropriate and enable a deeper understanding of the scientific arguments. Chapters are on topics such as tissue engineering, microfluidics, biosensors, molecular electronics, and photochromic devices. Each chapter starts with short definitions of terms or phenomena and provides clear explanations based on physicochemical proofs, combining structural characteristics given by molecular interactions with adequate thermodynamic and kinetics approaches. Each chapter ends with a reference list. The book is accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials chemistry and physics. -- Aurelia Meghea * MRS Bulletin *The book is accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials chemistry and physics. At the same time, this monograph is also useful for specialists in materials science and engineering, providing stimulating ideas for further advances in materials design mostly needed in nanofabrication. -- Aurelia Meghea * MRS Bulletin *This book focuses on designing stimuli-responsive materials by mimicking nature—an excellent source of inspiration for conceiving new products with tailored properties and desired functions. The book is structured into 12 chapters and covers a wide range of topics, from controlled synthesis of polymers to various aspects of stimuli responsiveness in macromolecular blocks, polymer brushes, surfaces, and interfaces, to nanoand micro-materials, and photochromic and photorefractive polymers. The common essence of these stimuli- responsive materials resides in their heterogeneity at the nanoscale—the origin of energy excess able to be converted into other energy forms as a result of various external stimuli: temperature, solvent polarity, pH, ultraviolet/visible light, electrical potential, magnetic field, or combinations of these. Starting from biologically responsive polymers, special attention is paid to stimuli-responsive materials applied in medical therapy, nanomedicine, enhancing imaging and target delivery, and selfhealing and shape-memory materials, with a perspective for these materials to shape the future of human existence. Most of the illustrations are appropriate and enable a deeper understanding of the scientific arguments. Chapters are on topics such as tissue engineering, microfluidics, biosensors, molecular electronics, and photochromic devices. Each chapter starts with short definitions of terms or phenomena and provides clear explanations based on physicochemical proofs, combining structural characteristics given by molecular interactions with adequate thermodynamic and kinetics approaches. Each chapter ends with a reference list. The book is accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students in materials chemistry and physics. At the same time, this monograph is also useful for specialists in materials science and engineering, providing stimulating ideas for further advances in materials design mostly needed in nanofabrication. -- Aurelia Meghea * MRS Bulletin *Table of ContentsWhat is Stimuli Responsiveness?; Design of Stimuli-responsive Macromolecular Blocks; Thermally Responsive Materials; Stimuli-responsive Surfaces and Interfaces; Stimuli-responsive Polymer Brushes; Stimuli Responsiveness in Nano and Micro Materials; Biologically Responsive Polymers; Stimuli-responsive Materials in Medical Therapy; Photochromic Materials; Photorefractive Polymers; Self-healing Materials; Shape Memory Materials

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Book SynopsisNon-covalent interactions, which are the heart of supramolecular chemistry are also the basis of most important functions of living systems. The ability to apply supramolecular chemistry principles to the life sciences, such as designing synthetic host compounds to selectively interact within biological targets, has gained wide appeal due the vast number of potential applications. Supramolecular Systems for Biomedical Fields provides in sixteen chapters a comprehensive overview of these applications. Each chapter covers a specific topic and is written by internationally renowned experts in that area. Sensing of bioactive inorganic ions and organic substrates is the focus of several contributions, as well as interactions with proteins and nucleic acids. Specific chapters are devoted to cyclodextrins, calixarenes and cucurbiturils as most frequently used receptors, including applications such as drug delivery and protection, gene transfer and others. Other chapters address the use of combinatorial libraries, molecular imprinting techniques, enzyme assays, supramolecular gels, bioimaging, drug activation, photodynamic therapy, and antitumour metal complexes. This timely publication will appeal to graduate students and researchers from chemical, pharmaceutical, biological, and medicinal fields interested in the supramolecular chemistry of biological systems and their practical potentials.Trade ReviewThe book Supramolecular Systems for Biomedical Fields edited by Hans-Jörg Schneider, published in the series of Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry provides current advances in supramolecular systems together with their impact in biomedical applications, a challenging topical research field. Given the importance of the living systems, it is meaningful to see the progress in the development of new synthetic multifunctional receptors capable to selective recognition of biological compounds, which leads to a wide range of potential applications. It is nevertheless a difficult task, if not impossible, for a book to encompass all aspects involved in this newly emerging interdisciplinary research area. As such, the editor's point was to primarily focus on the progress made so far in practical applications of supramolecular complexes in life sciences. The book is structured in sixteen chapters covering specific topics, each chapter being written by leading scientists in the field. The book is dealing with the following classes of current applications of host-guest complexes in biomedical field: (i) sensing of bioactive inoganic ions and organic substrates, diagnostics and imaging, (ii) interactions with proteins and nucleic acids, and (iii) drug protection, release and targeting, and gene delivery as the editor presented in Chapter 1 (Introduction by Schneider). In this respect, the book is starting with a brief summary of the subjects presented throughout the book in the context of non-covalent interactions and their role for chemistry in both healthcare and biotechnology. The author emphasizes the ability of modern synthetic methods based on supramolecular chemistry principles to design specific host compounds that selectively interact with practically every target molecule within biological systems. Based on the importance of analytes detection in biomedical field, with high sensitivity, Millan and Prins in Chapter 2, highlight the means to obtain very high sensitivity by amplification pathways combining catalysis and multivalency. As for instance, the authors show that using synthetic catalysts containing recognition sequences, DNA targets can be detected with a sensitivity down to 5 nM. In Chapter 3, Magri and Mallia are discussing sensors based on host molecules that exhibit sensitive signals upon recognition of biomedically important analytes with respect to metal ions. Moreover, they present a newly developed technique for noninvasive, real-time visualization of chemical events at the molecular level within living cells, tissues or entire organs, namely, imaging by means of supramolecular complexes, mostly by fluorescence tomography. Further on, along the same topics showing how nanoparticles allow the loading of multiple agents like NIR fluorophores, radiotracers, and photosensitizers employed in tumor detection, Gupta and Pandey are addressing in Chapter 15. Typical examples of several structures designed and employed in sensing of organic and biological compounds are very clearly illustrated by Schneider in Chapter 4. Interesting results are also presented in Chapter 14 by Dickert and Mujahid, who explore several synthetic host compounds for highly sensitive and selection detection primarily suitable for optical signaling, and emphasize the ability of molecular imprinting to perform highly selective recognition of antibodies, cells, viruses, and bacteria. Recent progress in magnetic resonance imaging, both structural (MRI) and functional (fMRI), the most advanced noninvasive medical imaging modality employed in detection, diagnostics, and therapy monitoring, is highlighted in Chapter 10 by Schatz and Schüle. Thus, they investigate the use of supramolecular metal complexes, in particular based on Gd3+, which has rapidly been accepted in common practice for controlling possible toxicity and biodistribution with tumor cells as targets. Within the context of sensing bioactive inorganic ions and organic substrates, diagnostics and imaging, a number of chapters are focused on host molecules playing an increasing role in several biomedical applications like cyclodextrins (Chapter 5 by Mellet et al.), calixarenes (Chapter 6 by Perret and Coleman), cucurbituril (Chapter 7 by Saleh et al., Chapter 12 by Henning), crown ethers, cyclophanes, and porphyrins (Chapter 4 by Schneider). In his overview (Chapter 12), Henning discusses the supramolecular approaches to enzyme assays based on chemosensors, membrane transport systems, and macrocyclic host-guest systems, whereas Perret and Coleman (Chapter 6) review in a clear manner the latest studies on interactions of calixarenes and other organic supramolecular systems with proteins pointing out the use of calixarenes for enzyme protection or activation and inhibition, as anticoagulants, and other interesting biomedical applications. Moving on to the supramolecular chemistry principles applied on interactions with proteins and nucleic acids, from a vast spectrum of applications, the selected contributions deal with the use of macrocycles such as calixarenes modulating protein functions (Chapter 6), cyclodextrins (Chapter 5), cucurbiturils (Chapter 7), and other hosts (Chapter 4). In Chapter 8, Garcia-Espagna et al. present the interaction of nucleic acids with synthetic polyamines and how these ligands showed new ways to differentiate groove binding and gene delivery. On the same topics, Aldrich-Wright et al. (Chapter 9) address the application of metal complexes in tumor therapy with platinum derivatives, and the increase of their efficiency by addition of functional groups, which entail lower toxicity and higher selectivity. In Chapter 5, Mellet et al. emphasize recent advances of cyclodextrins and their derivatives applications in nanotechnology (the toxicity of cytostatic drugs is lowered by nanocapsules) among other interesting potential applications such as: bioavailability of therapeutic agents, design of intelligent systems envisioned for delivery and release of drugs, devising new therapeutic alternatives for known maladies or for biosensing devices. Interesting potential applications of cucurbituril-based nanoparticles target to human ovarian carcinoma cells near to recent studies of cucurbiturils and their derivatives on drug delivery systems, diagnostic bioassays and other biological relevant applications, are professionally discussed by Saleh, Ghosh, and Nau in Chapter 7. As the large number of published scientific papers illustrates, the supramolecular complexes as gels may be used in different biomedical applications. In Chapter 11, Miravet and Escuder demonstrate by example how implementation of antibiotics in suitable gels may significantly increase their antibiotic activity. Pointing out that the design and implementation of multimodal tumor imaging agents with therapeutic possibilities in the combination of disease diagnosis treatment, and disease monitoring is the new area of research involving molecular imaging, Gupta and Pandey in Chapter 15, show how selectivity in photodynamic therapy is increased through binding the photosensitizer to molecular delivery systems or by conjugating sensitizers with targeting agents. Various aspects of dynamic system applications to bioactive compounds with their various biological targets are summarized in Chapter 13 by Ramström et. al. The authors reveal that one of the biggest challenge in constitutional dynamic chemistry is still the discovery of new reversible reaction types. In recent years, significant progress has been made in therapeutic applications of polymers as new drugs entities. In this respect, in Chapter 16, Leblond et al. discuss targeting in biological systems by means of supramolecular complexation in macromolecules such as polymers engineered with adequate binding functions that are able to mediate inflammation, block cellular receptors, immune responses, possibly damage bacterial membranes, inhibit adsorption, and act as toxin scavengers. Written by leading scientists in the field, this book is a valuable contribution on potential applications of supramolecular systems in biomedical fields, a current topic of research. The book is very dense and a great deal of information is provided throughout. It is clearly written, well illustrated, and the graphics is of high quality and representative. The references of all contributions are quite recent and significant. This book is mainly addressed to the graduate students and researchers working in the area of supramolecular chemistry of biological systems, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and nanotechnology as well. -- Lucia Mutihac * Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry DOI 10.1007/s10847-014-0399-1 *Given the importance of the living systems, it is meaningful to see the progress in the development of new synthetic multifunctional receptors capable to selective recognition of biological compounds, which leads to a wide range of potential applications. Written by leading scientists in the field, this book is a valuable contribution on potential applications of supramolecular systems in biomedical fields, a current topic of research. The book is very dense and a great deal of information is provided throughout. It is clearly written, well illustrated, and the graphics is of high quality and representative. The references of all contributions are quite recent and significant. This book is mainly addressed to the graduate students and researchers working in the area of supramolecular chemistry of biological systems, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and nanotechnology as well. -- Lucia Mutihac * Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Signalling Techniques in Supramolecular Systems; Metal Ion Sensing for Biomedical Uses; Complexation of Biomedically Important Organic Compounds; Cyclodextrins for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Interactions of Calix[N]Arenes and Other Organic Supramolecular Systems with Proteins; Cucurbiturils in Drug Delivery and for Biomedical Applications; Nucleic Acids as Supramolecular Targets; Biomolecular Interactions of Platinum Complexes; Supramolecular Metal Complexes for Imaging and Radiotherapy; Supramolecular Gels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications; Supramolecular Enzyme Assays; Constitutional Dynamic Chemistry for Bioactive Compounds; Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Biomedical Applications; Supramolecular Approach for Tumor-Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy; Designing Polymeric Binders for Pharmaceutical Applications;

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Book SynopsisThiol-X chemistries are already well established techniques, but it is only recently that they have been exploited for the functionalization and synthesis of polymers and other materials. As such, information on these techniques is scattered across the literature and Thiol-X Chemistries in Polymer and Materials Science is the first book to compile work specifically focussing on the application of thiol-based chemistries in materials design and synthesis. The book introduces the various thiol-X chemistries currently available and applications where they have been successfully used, including examples of 'click' processes, in polymerizations, polymer synthesis, and polymer modification. Short 'how to' sections within the chapters also provide general experimental techniques to employ the various chemistries described. Written by leading experts in the field, this book is a comprehensive resource for postgraduates, academics and industrial practitioners interested in polymer and materials applications.Table of ContentsThiol-X Reactions: Click Reaction Mechanisms and Applications; Thiol-ene and Thiol-yne Chemistry in Ideal Network Synthesis; End-group Functionalization of RAFT-prepared Polymers using Thiol-X Chemistries; Thiol-X Chemistries for the Production of Degradable Polymers; Thiol / Thiosulfonate Chemistry in Polymer Science: Simple Functionalization of Polymers via Disulfide Linkages; Nucleophilic Thiol-alkene Michael addition for the Functionalization of polymers and for Bioconjugation; Thiol-ene/yne Chemistry for the Synthesis of Branched and Star-shaped Macromolecules; Dendritic Polymers from Thiol–Yne Reactions; Thiol-X Reactions in Tissue Engineering; Thiolactones as Functional Handles for Polymer Synthesis and Modification; Thiol-ene radical coupling: a powerful technique for the synthesis of polymer precursors, block copolymers and graft copolymers; Hybrids of Synthetic Polymers and Natural Building Blocks using Thio-click; Surface Engineering with Thiol-Click Chemistry; The application of Thiol-Ene/Yne radical click chemistry in surface modification and functionalization;

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Book SynopsisTraditional Chinese medicine has a strong scientific basis, but the science of these important preparations is often rarely discussed. Western approaches often simplify traditional Chinese medicine to drug discovery in Chinese plants, however, the majority of traditional Chinese medications use complex mixtures of plant extracts, rather than single purified drugs. The combination of different extracts is based on yin, yang and chi theories, which are often poorly understood in the West. Yin and yang are known to be the balance of agonists and antagonists, whereas chi derives from signalling processes in the body and regulates bodily functions. Traditional Chinese medical practitioners understand that yin, yang and chi constantly interact in the body to maintain health. Western medical practitioners understand how to use agonists and antagonists and how to modify signalling processes, but generally do not accept the use of complex plant extracts to perform these functions. Aimed at medical scientists, and including detailed explanations of the theories behind the science, this text may help researchers to understand Chinese medical practitioners and to communicate more effectively with them. It will also lead to greater acceptance of traditional medications in the West. Presenting a clear rationale for the use of traditional Chinese medications in Western medical facilities, it enables scientists to find new directions in experimental design and encourage examination of these useful, but often poorly understood, preparations in clinical trials.Table of ContentsThe Traditional and Scientific Bases for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Communication between Traditional Practitioners, Physicians and Scientists; Structure Activity Relationship Analysis of Plant Derived Compounds; Huang Di Nei Jing and the Treatment of Low Back Pain; Understanding Ch’i: The Life-Force Energy that Determines Vitality, Health and Well-Being; When Modern Computational Systems Biology Meets Traditional Chinese Medicine; Modern Drug Discovery from Chinese Materia Medica used in Traditional Chinese Medicine; PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cell Growth and Metabolism; The Scientific Evidence for Using Astragalus in Human Diseases; Traditional Chinese Medicine: Anti-inflammation for Cancer Prevention; Treatment of Stroke with Dan Shen, Salvia miltiorrhiza; Drug Discovery from Traditional Chinese Medicine for Neurogenesis: Implications for Stroke and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Medicinal Uses of Seaweed in Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Preventive Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Translational approach to treating diabetes using acupuncture or electroacupuncture

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Book SynopsisThe ability to monitor analytes within physiological, environmental, and industrial scenarios is of prime importance in many scenarios. Chemists have striven to mimic nature’s ability to produce robust chemosensors with the capacity to detect molecules and signal their presence. The covalent coupling interaction between boronic acids and saccharides has been exploited to monitor saccharides. The boronic acid–and Lewis acid base interaction is also suitable for the capture and recognition of anions, which are involved in fundamental processes in all living things. There have been significant advances in the field of boronic acid based receptors and this book provides a comprehensive overview and update on the topic. Not only are the applications of boron in chemical molecular sensors covered in detail, but their synthesis and supramolecular self-assembly are also presented. Topics include: the molecular recognition of saccharides, the complexation of boronic acids with saccharides, fluorescent sensors and the modular construct of fluorescent sensors, further sensory systems for saccharide recognition and an extensive bibliography. Edited by experts in the area and containing international contributions from leading research groups on the subject, this book provides a useful resource for graduate students, academic and industrial researchers in organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, materials science and bio-organic chemistry.Table of ContentsSupramolecular Chemistry of Boronic Acids; 11B NMR and its uses in structural characterisation of boronic acids and boronate esters; Preparations and applications of hexylenehlycol organiboronic esters; Fluorescent chemosensors based on boronic acid derivatives; Boronic acid functionalised viologens as saccharide sensors; chiral recognition using fluorescent boronic acids chemosensors; boron-containing BIDIPY chemophore for fluorescent sensing; boron in electroanalysis; polymer self-assembly mediated by boronic acid; Boronic acid-containing hydrogels: synthesis and their applications; Boronate affinity materials for the selective capture of cis-diol-cintaining biomolecules; boronate microparticles: preparation, characterisation and functionalisation; Recent advances / contributions in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction

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Book SynopsisHydrogels are attractive materials for uses in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility and high water absorbance and retention properties. Applications are emerging in stem cell niches, biopolymers and synthetic polymers for tissue scaffolding, wound healing and hydrogels for cellular diagnostics and delivery. Hydrogels in Cell-Based Therapies looks at the use of different polymers and other bionanomaterials to fabricate different hydrogel systems and their biomedical applications including enzyme responsive hydrogels and biomaterials, thermally responsive hydrogels, collagen gels and alginates. With complementary expertise in cell biology and soft materials, the Editors provide a comprehensive overview of recent updates in this extremely topical field. This highly interdisciplinary subject will appeal to researchers in cell biology, biochemistry, biomaterials and polymer science and those interested in hydrogel applications.Trade ReviewThe authors in this book are easily recognized as some of the who's who In this area of biomedical materials science, with long standing reputations as leaders in the field. The book provides a broad and well-balanced presentation on hydrogel blomaterials and covers assembly and properties of materials based on synthetic polymers, natural polymers, recombinant proteins, and small-molecule gelators. Discussion topics Include materials assembly, characterization, Initial evaluation In cell culture, In vivo experimentation, and translational aspects of science. The book Is a good start for those who want to enter the field of hydrogel blomaterials or need a quick reference on the subject but also contains advanced knowledge such that even the experts will likely find something new for themselves, -- Professor Alexander lellklu Materials Views Hamley consists of 9 chapters devoted to the diverse aspects of blomaterials science with a focus on hydrogels. The authors in this book are easily recognized as some of the who's who In this area of biomedical materials science, with long standing reputations as leaders in the field. The book provides a broad and well-balanced presentation on hydrogel blomaterials and covers assembly and properties of materials based on synthetic polymers, natural polymers, recombinant proteins, and small-molecule gelators. Discussion topics Include materials assembly, characterization, Initial evaluation In cell culture, In vivo experimentation, and translational aspects of science. The book Is a good start for those who want to enter the field of hydrogel blomaterials or need a quick reference on the subject but also contains advanced knowledge such that even the experts will likely find something new for themselves, Transports phenomena In hydrogel blomaterlals are discussed by M. Parlalto and W. Murphy ilnd present the barriers of substrate diffusion, both phenomenologically and through mathematical description of the processes, Spiltio-temporal control over drug delivery as well as diffusion of the nutrients and metabolites Into and out of the hydrogel matrices Is of the highest Importance for practical Implementation of these biomaterlals in all areas of biotechnology and biomedicine. Blocompatiblllty Is one of the most Important aspects to be considered In the context of engineering of biomaterlals. This topic Is particularly lmportilnt when dealing with small molecule gelators- with enhanced rates of cell entry as compared to macromolecules. This subject is discussed by Xu et ill (Brandeis University, USA) from the structure-function perspective and Includes the data of In vivo acceptance of these hydrogels, Engineering hydrogels through successful engineering of constituting proteins Is discussed as an approach to create environment for the cells based on a good understanding of the Interaction between the cells and extracellular matrix. Motivation for this, nature of the Interactions, techniques In the domain-level engineering, successes In protein-engineered cell delivery systems, and translational aspects of this t technology are presented for an overview of this strategy to blomaterlals design by Hells hornet al (Stanford University, USA). Instructive role of blomaterials In tissue engineering Is a hot topic In the blomaterials science. Communication to adhering cells can proceed with the use of chemical stimuli, a notion well understood and used for decades. Further to this, It was recently discovered and Is being rapidly Investigated that hydrogel blomaterlals mimic the tissue and at the same time send Instructive stimuli to the cells -using matrix elasticity, I.e. softness. These opportunities are discussed In two chapters of this book (Connon et al, University of Reading. UK and Yang et al, Trinity College Dublin) and are discussed from a number of perspectives, from aspects of materials engineering and characterization of biomaterlals per their elasticity to translational considerations and medical relevance of these biomedical findings, Encapsulation of problotlc bacteria Is Important for nutritional science and to Improve the shelf life of problotlc foods, One of the most successful approaches to ilchieve this Is based on Immobilization of bacteria within alginate hydrogels, Encapsulation techniques are discussed by Cook et al {Reading, UK) starting with the considerations pertaining to the chemistry of alginates, production of alginate hydrogels, and to demonstration of efficacy of the illglnate microcapsules for encapsulation of problotlcs, The chapter also Includes an anecdotal account of the origin of the field which dates back to 191h century and Includes scientists awarded one of the early Nobel prizes, The use of alginate hydrogels for encapsulation of mammalian cells is a complimentary chapter (Connon et al, Reading UK) and presents successes of these blomaterlals In encapsulating stem cells or differentiated cells for cardiac tissue repair, neovascularlzatlon, construction of neural prosthetics, and other areas of biomedical research, The chapter Includes a broad table of preclinical studies of therapeutic cell delivery using alginate hydrogels. Enzyme responsive hydrogels are presented by Ulljn et al {University of Strathdyde, Glasgow), This subject covers both degradation of the biomaterial by an enzyme through the scission of chains or junction knots of the matrix as well as hydrogelation as a result of an enzymatic process. Of these, tile latter Is the main focus of this chapter and Is discussed In detoll. Blocatalytic hydrogel at!on Is a relatively new but Increasingly popular topic In biomedical research, The main advantage point for this approach is that blomaterials assembly can proceed at constant physiological conditions, Majority of studies make use of peptide hydrogelators and enzyme-catalyzed change in the hydrophiolldty-hydrophobllcity balance in the molecules. The aspects of biomedical engineering around these materials, current applications, and biomedical relevance of these studies are well overvlewed and present!!d for a broad audience. The book Is concluded by a chapter 11f Skarda! (Wake Forest School of Medicine, US) on ECM-IIke hydrogels and specifically focused on applications of these blomaterials In regenerative medicine. Much of the subjects discussed elsewhere in this book come together in this chapter in the context of translational research and practical Implementation of blomaterlals designs In clinic. -- Professor Alexander lellklu Materials ViewsTable of ContentsSoluble Molecule Transport Within Synthetic Hydrogels in Comparison to the Native Extracellular Matrix; Biocompatibility of Hydrogelators Based on Small Peptide Derivatives; Recombinant Protein Hydrogels for Cell Injection and Transplantation; The Instructive Role of Biomaterials in Cell-Based Therapy and Tissue Engineering; Microencapsulation of Probiotic Bacteria into Alginate Hydrogels; Enzyme-Responsive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications; Alginate Hydrogels for the 3D Culture and Therapeutic Delivery of Cells; Mechanical Characterization of Hydrogels and its Implications for Cellular Activities; Extracellular Matrix-Like Hydrogels for Applications in Regenerative Medicine;

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Book SynopsisConjugated polymers are gaining a lot of interest due to their inherent functional properties and applications in plastic electronics. Their characteristic charge transporting and conducting properties produces features including coloration, photoluminescence, electroluminescence, photoconductivity, and electrochromism. In order to develop new functional polymers, researchers need the background information on the synthesis of the different polymer systems. Conjugated Polymers focuses on the practical preparation of conjugated polymers with each chapter discussing a particular type of conjugated polymer including a general explanation of the polymer, experimental details for synthesis and characterization. Edited by world leading experts in the field of conjugated polymer synthesis, the book serves as a convenient guide for advanced undergraduate level and above.Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction; Polyacetylene; Substituted Polyacetylenes; Polyphenylenes; Polyfluorenes; Polycarbazolylenes; Poly(phenylenevinylene)s; Poly(phenyleneethynylene)s; Polythiophenes; Poly(oxythiophenes); Polypyrroles; Polyanilines; Polysilanes; Alternative Polyheterocycles; D-A Alternating Copolymers; Conjugated Polyelectrolytes; Self-Doped Polymers; Fused Heterocycle Polymers; Direct Arylation Polycondensation; Chain-Growth Synthesis;

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Book SynopsisAntimicrobial polymers are materials that prevent microorganism growth and are needed for many everyday applications from food packaging and water treatment to medicine and healthcare. This new book covers different areas of antimicrobial materials based on polymers including chitosan, polymers with ammonium and phosphonium groups, polymer nanofibers, carbon-based polymer Nanocomposites, polymeric and non-polymeric metal complexes, and biomimetic materials. By combining the information of different materials as well as antimicrobial action modes and applications within one source, the book provides a general summary of the field. Polymeric Materials with Antimicrobial Activity starts with a general introduction to antimicrobial polymers and presents the most common types of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae) along with the main areas of application of antimicrobial polymeric materials. Specific chapters then detail different polymer systems covering the fundamental issues of synthesis, characterization, physico-chemical properties and applications. With contributions from leading scientists the book is suitable for researchers in polymers, chemistry, biology and materials science interested in an overview of antimicrobial polymeric materials as well as the recent advances in their synthesis, properties and applications.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Antimicrobial Polymeric Materials; Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan in Food, Agriculture and Biomedicine; Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Applications of Polymers with Ammonium and Phosphonium groups; Water-Soluble Antimicrobial Polymers for Functional Cellulose Fibres and Hygiene Paper Products; Polymer-Based Synthetic Mimics of Antimicrobial Peptides (SMAMPs) – A New Class of Nature-Inspired Antimicrobial Agents with Low Bacterial Resistance Formation Potential; Prevention of Hospital and Community Acquired Infections by Using Antibacterial Textiles and Clothing; Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Activities of Polymeric and Nonpolymeric Silver and other Metal Complexes; Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers with Antimicrobial Activities; Biomimetic Polyurethanes; Antimicrobial Polymeric Dental Materials; Polymeric Materials Containing Natural Compounds with Antibacterial and Virucide Properties; Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: From Material Preparation to Antimicrobial Applications; Polymer/Copper-Based Materials for Antimicrobial Applications; Photocatalytic Oxide–Polymer (Nano)Composites for Antimicrobial Coatings and other Applications; Future Perspectives and Concluding Remarks;

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Book SynopsisMechanochromic fluorescent (or mechanofluorochromic) materials change their emission colours (spectra) when an appropriate external mechanical force stimulus is applied. This is an important group of materials with a huge range of applications, including use in sensors, memory chips, security inks, and light devices. Mechanochromic Fluorescent Materials introduces the reader to the concept of mechanofluorochromism and the variety of applications of this group of materials. Prominent international figures in mechanofluorochromism consider the innovative research in this field over the last ten years. Chapters provide in depth coverage of most reported mechanofluorochromic systems, including organic and organic-inorganic complexes; polymer and polymer composites; and aggregation-induced emission. This book is aimed to inform all students and researchers with an interest in mechanofluorochromism, and to help researchers identify and synthesize more of these materials, and develop the study and application of mechanofluorochromic materials.Table of ContentsMechanofluorochromism: An Overview; Organic Small-Molecule Mechanofluorochromic Materials; Organic-Inorganic Complex Mechanofluorochromic Materials; Polymer Mechanofluorochromic Materials; Mechanofluorochromic Polymer composites; Aggregation-Induced Emission Mechanofluorochromic Materials; Mechanofluorochromic Mechanism;

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Book SynopsisThe oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is of fundamental importance in organic synthesis, due to the wide use of these products as precursors and intermediates for many drugs, vitamins and fragrances. However, traditional oxidants are often toxic and release considerable amounts of by-products. As an alternative, oxygen is among the cheaper and less polluting stoichiometric oxidants, and the implementation of a transition metal-based catalyst in combination with oxygen represents an emerging alternative to the traditional procedures. This book aims to give an overview of the aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by transition metals, and covers the most important advances in the last fifteen years. Following an introductory chapter on homogeneous-, heterogeneous- and nano-catalysis, use of copper, ruthenium, palladium, gold, vanadium and iron are discussed in turn. The book concludes with a useful overview that includes representative experimental procedures. This book will provide a valuable reference to organic chemists and green chemists in academia and industry.Table of ContentsHomogeneous, heterogeneous and nanocatalysis; Copper catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols; Ruthenium-based catalysts; Palladium-based catalysts; Gold-based catalysts; Vanadium- and iron-based catalysts; The concept of multicatalysis in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols; The gas-phase oxidation of alcohols: recent advances; Asymmetric oxidation of alcohols and phenol derivatives with air as oxidant; Overview: representative experimental procedures, comparative tables and conclusions

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Book SynopsisFor years, concepts and models relevant to the fields of molecular electronics and organic electronics have been invented in parallel, slowing down progress in the field. This book illustrates how synthetic chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and device engineers can work together to reach their desired, shared goals, and provides the knowledge and intellectual basis for this venture. Supramolecular Materials for Opto-Electronics covers the basic principles of building supramolecular organic systems that fulfil the requirements of the targeted opto-electronic function; specific material properties based on the fundamental synthesis and assembly processes; and provides an overview of the current uses of supramolecular materials in opto-electronic devices. To conclude, a “what’s next” section provides an outlook on the future of the field, outlining the ways overarching work between research disciplines can be utilised. Postgraduate researchers and academics will appreciate the fundamental insight into concepts and practices of supramolecular systems for opto-electronic device integration.Table of ContentsSelf-Assembled Supramolecular Systems in Organic Electronics; Multicomponent Assembly Strategies for Supramolecular Systems; Low-Dimensional Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces; Rational Design of Supramolecular Photovoltaic Materials to Improve the Stability of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells; Amphiphilic Design for Supramolecular Materials with Opto-Electronic Functions; Chiral Supramolecular Structures as Spin Filters; Modeling Charge Transport in Organic Electronic Materials; Modeling of the Morphology and Charge Transport in Supramolecular Systems; Towards Highly Efficient Multilayer Pleds Based on all Solution Processing; Self-Assembled Mono and Multilayers for Functional Opto-Electronic Devices;

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Book SynopsisBiodegradable polymers from renewable resources are sought after for many purposes, from packaging materials in food to biomedical applications. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a well-known biopolymer derived from corn starch or sugar cane used in different food packaging and artificial bones and scaffolds. Poly(lactic acid) Science and Technology first introduces the basic concepts of PLA and then covers PLA synthesis and polymerization, processing, characterization and physical properties of PLA, PLA-based nano-biocomposites, the main applications in active packaging and as biomaterials for tissue engineering, degradation and biodegradation of PLA and finally industrial and legislative issues. This interdisciplinary approach provides readers with a general overview of all relevant aspects related to PLA including fundamental issues, innovative applications, new types of processing and emerging applications, modification of PLA, life cycle assessment, bio-additives, bio/degradation and sustainability and international regulations. Experts provide a complete resource and whole perspective on PLA covering scientific, ecological, social and economic issues. The book will appeal to chemists, food technologists and materials engineers as well as researchers interested in bio-based and biodegradable polymers and composites.Table of ContentsIntroduction to PLA Science and Technologies; PLA Synthesis and Polymerization ; Processing, Characterization and Physical Properties of PLA; PLA-Based Nano-Biocomposites; PLA Main Applications; Degradation and Biodegradation of PLA; Industrial and Legislative Issues;

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Book SynopsisThere has been much scientific interest in the behaviour of colloidal particles at liquid interfaces. From a research aspect they provide model systems for fundamental studies of condensed matter physics. From a commercial aspect they provide applications for making new materials in the cosmetics, food and paint industries. In many cases of colloidal particles at interfaces, the mechanism of particle interactions is still unknown. Particle-Stabilized Emulsions and Colloids looks at recent studies on the behaviour of particles at liquid interfaces. The book first introduces the basic concepts and principles of colloidal particles at liquid-liquid interfaces including the interactions and conformations. The book then discusses the latest advances in emulsions and bicontinuous emulsions stabilized by both solid and soft particles and finally the book covers applications in food science and oil extraction. With contributions from leading experts in these fields, this book will provide a background to academic researchers, engineers, and graduate students in chemistry, physics and materials science. The commercial aspects will also be of interest to those working in the cosmetics, food and oil industry.Table of ContentsParticle-Stabilized Emulsions/Colloids: An Introduction; Interactions and Conformations of Particles at Fluid-Fluid Interfaces; Polymer Colloidal Particles Prepared by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization; Pickering Miniemulsion Polymerization; Emulsions Stabilized by Soft Microgel Particles; Bicontinuous Emulsions Stabilized by Colloidal Particles; Particle-Stabilized Double Emulsions; More Complex Pickering Emulsion; Solid-Stabilised Emulsions as Microcapsule Precursors: Towards Functional Designs; Particle-Stabilized Food Emulsions; Particle-Stabilized Emulsions for Oil Extraction;

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Book SynopsisPalladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions constitute a powerful class of chemical methods for the creation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds used in organic synthesis, famously recognized by the 2010 Nobel Prize awarded to Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki ‘for palladium-catalysed cross-couplings in organic synthesis.’ This book provides the reader with the history and basic, concepts of cross-coupling up to the state of the art in modern coupling reactions from both technology and applied perspectives. Edited by Thomas J. Colacot, an expert on cross coupling, the book contains contributions from academic and industrial world leaders in the field, as well as Forewords from Professor Barry M. Trost, Gregory C. Fu and 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry Professor Ei-ichi Negishi. It serves as a reference guide for both undergraduate and graduate students as well as those who are experts in the area. '... this compilation, a “must” for anyone interested in learning and using newer trends in cross-coupling.' Ei-ichi Negishi, 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 'I am very pleased to see such a book concerning cross coupling reactions published.' Professor Akira Suzuki - 2010 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry '… this book is invaluable to anyone involved in synthesis of organic compounds for any purpose.' Professor Barry Trost, Stanford UniversityTrade Review"Colacot has brought together a large number of experts in the field and compiled a series of interesting and informative chapters on a variety of cross-coupling areas, with a strong emphasis on the latest developments and a move away from the most conventional topics. ...written in an accessible and clear style, are a must read for those looking for a thorough introduction to the area and some of its trade secrets. ...this book is a welcome addition to an academic’s or industrialist’s bookshelf." -- Igor Larrosa * Chemistry World *Table of ContentsIntroduction to New Trends in Cross-Coupling; Prominent Ligand Types in Modern Cross-Coupling Reactions; Pd–Phosphine Precatalysts for Modern Cross-Coupling Reactions; Advances in C–C and C–X Coupling Using Palladium–NHeterocyclic Carbene (Pd–NHC) Complexes; Ancillary Ligand Design in the Development of Palladium Catalysts for Challenging Selective Monoarylation Reactions; Transition Metal-Catalyzed Formation of C–O and C–S Bonds; Pd(0)-Catalyzed Carboiodination: Early Developments and Recent Advances; Boron Reagent Activation in Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling; Modern Heck Reactions; Palladium-Catalysed Carbonylative Coupling and C–H Activation; Stereospecific and Stereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions; Direct Arylation via C–H Activation; Cross-Coupling Chemistry in Continuous Flow; Greener Approaches to Cross-Coupling; Recent Large-Scale Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Couplings for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals; Palladium Detection Techniques for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Prepared via Cross-Couplings;

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Book SynopsisWith the increasing awareness and concern about the dependency on fossil resources and the depletion of crude oil reserves, experts from industrial biotechnology, renewable resources, green chemistry, and biorefineries are stimulating the transition from the fossil-based to the bio-based economy. This text confronts scientific and economic challenges and strategies for making this crucial transition. Renewable Resources for Biorefineries is the work of a strongly interdisciplinary authorship, offering perspectives from biology, chemistry, biochemical engineering, materials science, and industry. This unique approach provides an opportunity for a much broader coverage of biomass and valorisation than has been attempted in previous titles. This book also represents the fundamentally important technical and policy aspects of a bio-based economy, to ground this important science in a realistic and viable economic framework. Chapters in this book cover a diverse range of topics, including: advanced generation bioenergy sectors; biobased polymers and materials; chemical platform molecules; industrial crops and biorefineries; financing and policy for change; and valorisation of biomass waste streams. This is an ideal book for upper level undergraduate and postgraduate students taking modules on Renewable resources, green chemistry, sustainable development, environmental science, agricultural science and environmental technology. It will also benefit industry professionals and product developers who are looking to improve economic and environmental ways to utilise renewable resources in current and future biorefineries.Table of ContentsAdvanced generation bioenergy sectors; Bioactive compounds from biomass; Biobased polymers and materials; Biocatalysis for bioresource transformation; Chemical platform molecules; Industrial crops and biorefineries; Making possible the bio-economy transition – Financing and policy for change; Metabolic Engineering of Fermentation Processes; Micro-algae Technology; Pretreatment and Transformation of Lignocellulosics; Process intensification for Biorefineries; Sustainability; Thermochemical transformation of biomass; Valorisation of biomass waste streams

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Book SynopsisFinding alternatives to fossil feedstocks is increasing in importance with the challenges of global warming, increasing oil prices and depleting fossil fuel reserves that we currently face. Today, plant oils are important renewable raw materials for the chemical industry and are heavily used for surfactants, cosmetic products and lubricants. This book covers the green chemistry of products and intermediates synthesised from plant oils. Photo-initiated polymerisation and polymerization of vegetable oils in environmental media are covered as well as click reactions to chemically modify vegetable oils. Useful products from plant oils such as polymers, biomaterials, biofibres and lubricants, as well as their further applications, are described. This book is a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry, biomass producers and suppliers and manufacturers of end-products.Table of ContentsPhoto-cured Materials from Vegetable Oils; Chemical Synthesis of Carbonates, Esters, and Acetals from Soybean Oil; Preparation of Bio-polymers from Plant Oils in Green Media; Thiol-ene and H-Phosphonate-ene Reactions for Lipid Modification; Plant-oil-based Polymeric Materials and their Applications; Green Polyurethanes and Bio-fiber-based Products and Processes; Production of Low-cost Polyesters by Microwaving Heating of Carboxylic Acids and Polyol Blends; Development of Bio-based Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Natural Oils or their Derivates; Towards Green: A Review of Recent Developments in Bio-renewable Epoxy Resins from Vegetable Oils; Lubricity Characteristics of Seed Oils Modified by Acylation; The Potential of Vegetable Oils for Lubricants; Utilization of Green Materials for Coating Applications.

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Book SynopsisHeme peroxidases are widely distributed in biological systems and are involved in a wide range of processes essential for life. This book provides a comprehensive single source of information on the various aspects of heme peroxidase structure, function and mechanism of action. Chapters written and edited by worldwide experts span a range of heme peroxidases from plants, yeast, bacteria and mammals. Discussed functions of peroxidases range from cell wall synthesis, synthesis of prostaglandins, role in drug suppression of tuberculosis, and antibacterial activity. Included is a discussion of peroxidases that also act as catalases and oxygenases. Heme Peroxidases serves as an essential text for those working in industry and academia in biochemistry and metallobiology.Table of ContentsSelf-processing peroxidases; Cytochrome c peroxidase and cytochrome c complexes; Understanding the reactivity and interactions of peroxidases with substrates; Structural and functional properties of heme containing peroxidases; Heme Peroxidase Kinetics; Multiheme peroxidases; Catalase-peroxidase (KatG) structure and function; Mechanistic aspects of catalase-peroxidase; Models complexes of heme peroxidases; Mult-functional hemoglobin dehaloperoxidases; The Peroxidase and Cyclooxygenase Activity of Prostaglandin H Synthase; Myeloperoxidase: Structure and Function of the Green Peroxidase of Neutrophils; Peroxidases as Potential Industrial Biocatalysts; Structural and Reactivity of the Dyedye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyP) Family

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Book SynopsisThis series provides an unequalled source of information on an area of chemistry that continues to grow in importance. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in the field, researchers will find this an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.Table of ContentsNIR studies of nano-structured materials; Raman Measurements of Stress in inorganic films and coatings; Use of Raman spectroscopy to detect Road Transport Pollution; Spectroscopic studies of Inorganic Nano-Materials; Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods in heterogeneous catalysis; Combined SEM/Raman studies of Inorganic materials

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Book SynopsisThe past decade has seen significant advances in naphthalenediimide and rylene diimide chemistry. This book discusses the recent advances in this field, and highlights potential and real applications for the molecules. Such applications include organic photovoltaics, anion-slides, DNA binders, and building blocks for complex molecular topologies. Naphthalenediimide and its Congeners is the first book in this rapidly developing area, and will be essential reference material for postdoctoral researchers and postgraduate students. This text will also provide a solid foundation for further development of naphthalenediimide chemistry. Written by leaders in the field, the book includes chapters on the supramolecular chemistry of naphthalenediimide; DNA intercalators; ion transport through membranes; naphthalenediimide based photovoltaics; and rylene dyes, amongst others. Naphthalenediimide and its Congeners is a detailed and in depth resource relevant not only to supramolecular and materials chemists, but also to the larger chemistry and materials science fields.Table of ContentsSupramolecular Chemistry of Naphthalenediimide and its Congeners; NDI as a DNA Intercalator; NDI Foldamers, Assemblies and Conformational Switching; Naphthalenediimide in Modular Columnar Liquid Crystals: Key Component of Donor-Acceptor Columnar Liquid Crystals; Naphthalene-diimide (NDI) Nanofibre, Gel and Mesoscopic Material; Polymeric Materials Based on NDI and its Congeners; Tunable Electronic Interactions between Aromatic Diimides and Anions; Naphthalene Diimide-based Photovoltaics; Perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide and its Covalently-linked Molecular Arrays

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Book SynopsisPolyrotaxane is a necklace-like supramolecule in which many cyclic molecules are threaded into a single polymer chain and can be cross-linked to produce functional polymeric materials. The resulting materials have movable cross-linking giving unique properties different from other polymer networks with fixed covalent bonds gaining much attention for new films, elastomers and coatings. Polyrotaxane and Slide-Ring Materials is the first book to cover the fundamentals and applications of these molecules and materials. After a general introduction, the first part of the book covers the thermodynamics of inclusion complex formation and sliding transition in polyrotaxane, followed by different synthesis techniques of polyrotaxane and slide-ring materials. The book then addresses different scattering methods for structural analysis followed by chapters on the electric and optical properties of polyrotaxane as well as the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of slide-ring materials. The final part of the book contains different chapters on their applications including gels elastomers and resins. Authored by the inventor of slide-ring materials, it will appeal to students, researchers, and engineers in supramolecular chemistry, polymer chemistry and polymer physics.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Thermodynamics of Inclusion Complex Formation and Sliding Transition in Polyrotaxane; Synthesis of Polyrotaxane and Slide-Ring Materials; Scattering Studies of Polyrotaxane and Slide-Ring Materials; Electric and Optical Properties of Polyrotaxane; Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Slide-Ring Materials; Applications of Polyrotaxane and Slide-Ring Materials;

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Book SynopsisThe unique physico-chemical properties of cationic polymers and their ability to be easily modified make them attractive for many biological applications. As a result there is a vast amount of research focussed on designing novel natural or synthetic cationic polymers with specific biological functionality. Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine brings together the expertise of leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in cationic polymer synthesis, modification and the design of biomaterials with different structures for therapeutic applications. Chapters cover recent developments in novel cationic polymer based systems including poly(L-lysine), Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and cationic triazine dendrimers as well as cationic polymer-coated micro- and nanoparticles and cationic cellulose and chitin nanocrystals. Applications discussed in the book include drug and gene delivery, therapeutics in thrombosis and inflammation as well as gene therapy. Suitable both for an educational perspective for those new to the field and those already active in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduates and researchers. The broad aspects of the topics covered are suitable for polymer chemists interested in the fundamentals of the materials systems as well as pharmaceutical chemists, bioengineering and medical professionals interested in their applications.Table of ContentsTransfection Optimization and Cellular Response of Hyperbranched poly 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (pDMAEMA) based Polymers In Vitro; Functionalization of Cationic Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications; Cationic Polymers as Novel Therapeutics in Thrombosis and Inflammation; Cationic Triazine Dendrimers: Synthesis, Charecterization and Biological Applications; Cationic Dendrimers and their use in Transfection and Antimicrobial Applications; Cationic Polymers in Drug and Gene Delivery; Poly(alkylene amine) Based Constructs: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications; Cationic Polysaccharides for Gene Delivery; Well-Defined Cationic Polymers for Nucleic Acid Delivery; The Design of Novel Synthetic or Natural Cationic Polymers for Pathogen Detection and Disease Diagnosis; Poly(L-lysine)-based Copolymers: Synthetic Strategies and Biomedical Applications; Cationic Star Polymers as Non-viral Vectors for Gene Therapy; Cationic Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery; Stimuli-responsive Cationic Hydrogel Based on Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate); Cationic Polymers based Gene Activated Matrices for Biomedical Applications; Dendrimer and their Biomembrane Transporting Abilities; Cationic Polymer-Based Non-viral Gene Delivery System and Its Application in Gene Recombination of Stem Cells; Cationic Polymers for Gene Delivery into Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering as a Novel Approach to Regenerative Medicine; Cationic Dextran for Gene Therapy; Cationic Polysaccharide Surfaces in Regenerative Medicine – Challenges and Perspectives; Cationic Polymers for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins; Effects of Chargeable Polymers on Cell Functions; Cationic Polymers-coated Micro- and Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Interactions with Cells; Natural Cationic Polymers for Advanced Gene/Drug Delivery; Cationic Polymers Carrier for Blood-Brain Barrier Applications; Cationic Cellulose and Chitin Nanocrystals for Novel Therapeutic Applications; Self-assembling, "Natural" Cationic Polymers for Biomedical Applications; Polymeric Micro- and Nanoparticles Covered by a Cationic Polysaccharide;

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Book SynopsisOrganophosphorus Chemistry provides a comprehensive and critical review of the recent literature. Coverage includes phosphines and their chalcogenides, phosphonium salts, low coordination number phosphorus compounds, penta- and hexa- coordinated compounds, quinquevalent phosphorus acids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, ylides and related compounds, phosphazenes and the application of physical methods in the study of organophosphorus compounds. This is the 40th in a series of volumes which first appeared in 1970 under the editorship of Stuart Trippett and which covered the literature of organophosphorus chemistry published in the period from January 1968 to June 1969, citing some 1370 publications. The present volume covers the literature from January 2009 to January 2010, citing more than 2200 publications, continuing our efforts to provide an up to date survey of progress in an area of chemistry that has expanded significantly over the past 40 years.Table of ContentsPhosphines and Related P-C bonded Compounds; Phosphine Chalcogenides;Phosphonium Salts and P-Ylides; Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Mononucleotides; Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Oligo- and Poly-Nucleotides Quinquevalent Phosphorus Acids; Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds; Phosphazenes; Physical Methods in Organophosphorus Chemistry

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Book SynopsisBall milling has emerged as a powerful tool over the past few years for effecting chemical reactions by mechanical energy. Allowing a variety of reactions to occur at ambient temperatures and in solvent-free conditions, ball milling presents a greener route for many chemical processes. Compared to the use of microwave and ultrasound as energy sources for chemical reactions, ball milling is not as familiar to chemists and yet it holds great potential. This book will introduce practicing chemists to the technique and will highlight its importance for green transformations. Current applications of ball milling will be covered in detail as well as its origin, recent developments and future scope, challenges and prospects. Chemical transformations covered include carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formation, oxidation by solid oxidants, asymmetric organo-catalytic reactions, dehydrogenative coupling, peptide syntheses and polymeric material syntheses. The book will provide a valuable guide for organic, inorganic and organometallic chemists, material scientists, polymer scientists, reaction engineers and postgraduate students in chemistry.Table of ContentsCarbon-carbon bond forming /coupling reactions by ball milling; Carbon – heteroatom bond forming reactions under ball milling; Oxidation by solid oxidants using ball milling; Asymmetric organocatalytic reactions under ball milling; Metal catalysed ball milling chemistry; Peptide synthesis by ball milling; Technical implications of organic syntheses in ball mills; Cross dehydrogenative coupling reactions by ball milling; Ball milling induced cracking of functional resins for chromatography-free purification; Ball milling promoted chemical bonding between cellulose and plastics; Ball milling in the synthesis of useful polymeric composites

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Book SynopsisThere is much interest in biodegradable polymers for different uses and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have potential applications in a broad range of areas from food packaging to biomedical applications. The book will provide a comprehensive overview of the recent accomplishments in the area of polyhydroxyalkanoates providing a resource that helps find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems. The book introduces polyhydroxyalkanoates including their biosynthesis, recovery and extraction followed by specific chapters on blends, composites and nanocomposites. The book finishes with the applications of the materials including additives in paints, adhesives, production of plastics as well as tissue engineering and drug delivery. The book provides a reference for students and researchers in chemistry, polymer science, materials science, biotechnology and life sciences working in the field of bio-based and biodegradable polymers and composites as well as those interested in its applications.Table of ContentsPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), their blends, composites and nanocomposites: State of art, new challenges, opportunities; Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); Recovery and extraction of PHA; Composites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); Blends of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); Nanocomposites of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); PHA-based multiphase materials; Modification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs); Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) Applications; Packaging applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs);

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Book SynopsisThis expansive and practical textbook contains organic chemistry experiments for teaching in the laboratory at the undergraduate level covering a range of functional group transformations and key organic reactions.The editorial team have collected contributions from around the world and standardized them for publication. Each experiment will explore a modern chemistry scenario, such as: sustainable chemistry; application in the pharmaceutical industry; catalysis and material sciences, to name a few. All the experiments will be complemented with a set of questions to challenge the students and a section for the instructors, concerning the results obtained and advice on getting the best outcome from the experiment. A section covering practical aspects with tips and advice for the instructors, together with the results obtained in the laboratory by students, has been compiled for each experiment. Targeted at professors and lecturers in chemistry, this useful text will provide up to date experiments putting the science into context for the students.Table of ContentsSeparation and purification of mixtures; Modification of sp3 carbon; Substitution at non-aryl sp2 carbon; Addition at non-aryl sp2 carbon; Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution; Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution; Transition Metal Catalysed Substitution; Addition to sp carbon; Preparation of alkenes; Peryciclic reactions; Radical reactions; Oxidations; Reductions; Rearrangements; Biotransformations; Polymerization reactions; Other transformations; Chiral Resolutions;

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Book SynopsisFirst reported in 2008, Pillararenes are a new class of macrocyclic hosts consisting of hydroquinone units linked at the para-position. With a composition similar to cucurbiturils and calixarenes, they combine the advantages and aspects of traditional hosts and have applications in sensing, material synthesis and biomedicine. Pillararenes starts with the historical background of macrocyclic compounds and then following chapters cover the synthesis of pillararenes, their structures, conformations and planar chirality. Dedicated chapters then cover their host-guest properties and supramolecular assemblies based on pillararenes including supramolecular polymers and mechanically interlocked molecules. Edited by the leader in the field, this is the first book to cover pillararenes and will appeal to graduate students, researchers and academics in supramolecular chemistry, organic chemistry, polymer chemistry and materials science interested in the chemistry and applications of pillararenes.Table of ContentsHistorical Background of Macrocyclic Compounds; Synthesis of Pillar[n]arenes; Functionalization of Pillararenes; Conformations and Planar Chirality of Pillar[n]arenes; Host-Guest Property of Pillar[n]arenes; Assembled structures of Pillar[n]arenes; Supramolecular Polymer Based on Pillararenes; Mechanically Interlocked Molecules Based on Pillar[n]arenes; Supramolecular Assemblies from Pillararenes (Micellular, Vesicular and Tubular Formations); Hybrid Materials Based on Pillararenes; Biomedical Applications of Pillararenes; Pillararene-related Macrocycles.

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Book SynopsisThe implementation of ionic liquids technologies in future biorefineries is challenging. Different approaches can be applied along the entire chain of biomass valorisation to achieve a specific target molecule, from biomass pre-treatment and fractionation processes to extraction, downstream separation and purification methodologies of high value added products and pivot chemicals. This book summarises recent achievements in the use of ionic liquids in biomass processing as an alternative to conventional processes, particularly in the context of green chemistry. It features real-world case studies where high value-added products have been obtained using ionic liquid processing, demonstrating the practical applications of these technologies. The book concludes by assessing the development of further biorefineries with ionic liquids. The book is an important reference for researchers and practising chemists, bringing readers up-to-date with current research in this field.Table of ContentsThe Biorefinery and Green Chemistry; The Dissolution of Biomass in Ionic LiquidsTowards Pre-Treatment Approach; Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Bionass for Biofuels and Chemicals; Biomass Hydrolysis in Ionic Liquids; Relevance of Ionic Liquids and Biomass Feedstocks for Biomolecule Extraction; Toxicity and Bio-Acceptability in the Context of Biological Processes in Ionic Liquid Media; Synthesis of HMF in Ionic Liquids: Biomass-Derived Products; Ionic Liquids as Efficient Tools for the Purification of Biomolecules and Bioproducts from Natural Sources; Ionic Liquds in the Biorefinery: How Green and Sustainable Are They?; Ionic Liquid-Based Processes in the Biorefinery: A SWOT Analysis.

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Book SynopsisGlycopolymers are important for cell signalling, recognition pathways, and their role in the immune system. They are gaining attention for new applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Glycopolymer Code discusses the preparation, characterization and applications of glycopolymers providing a complete overview of the topic with examples from the latest research. Specific chapters cover both basic and advanced synthesis techniques to prepare glycopolymers, the analytical techniques used to investigate lectin receptor glycopolymer interactions, the properties and types of lectins that are widely used to understand the multivalent interactions and various applications of synthetic glycopolymers. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, the book is a unique source for graduates and academics new to the subject and already working in the area of glycopolymers.Table of ContentsSynthesis of Glycopolymers by Direct Polymerisation; Glycopolymers used in Biosensor Applications; Supramolecular Glycopolymer Systems ; Synthesis and Applications of Glycoparticles; Hybrid Glyco Materials and their Expansive Applications; Glycopolypeptides; Small Molecule Ligands for Bacterial Lectins: 'Letters' for an Antiadhesive Glycopolymer Code; The Synthesis and Biological Properties of Calixsugars; Dendritic Glycopolymers and their Biomedical Applications;

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Book SynopsisWith the development of courses on materials synthesis and the need to carry out specific chemical transformations in the laboratory, good practical advice will be needed for those requiring more detail on conjugated materials synthesis. The purpose of this book is to give researchers and students an introduction and reference that efficiently provides general information for each important synthetic method category and a number of examples from the literature to convey practically important variations. It is useful as an outline for advanced organic and materials science courses as well as a good introduction and desk reference for new and experienced researchers in the field.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Changing Material Properties; Donors; Creating Conjugation: Functionalization and Alkenes; Creating Conjugation: Organometallic Coupling; Acceptors; Polymerization; Functional Intermediates

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Book SynopsisAsymmetric synthesis has become a major aspect of modern organic chemistry. The importance of stereochemical purity in pharmaceutical products has been one driving force in the quest for improved control over the stereochemical outcome of organic reactions. Asymmetric catalysis is an important aspect of asymmetric synthesis, and one that has seen tremendous activity over the past decade. This book is planned from the point of view of the synthetic organic chemist, i.e. by transformation rather than on the basis of the organometallic chemistry. The emphasis is on non-enzymatic methods of asymmetric catalysis, although key references to enzyme-catalysed reactions have been incorporated where appropriate. The book is extensively referenced and therefore provides a convenient point of entry to the primary literature.Trade Review"A wonderful overview.... This book could well become the first stop in the search for further information about a particular asymmetric process" - Chemistry in Britain "... Makes an excellent impression on the reader.... Well written and clearly structured.... Well worthy of becoming an essential component in every library of organic chemistry, and should find a place on the bookshelves of many chemistry students" - Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Reduction of alkenes. Reduction of ketones and imines. Epoxidation of alkenes. Further oxidation reactions. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl compounds. The aldol and related reactions. The Diels-Alder reaction and related transformations. Catalytic reactions involving metal carbenoids. Catalytic carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. Conjugate addition reactions. Further catalytic reactions. Index

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis texts offers a clear and systematic approach to the formation, manipulation, and reactivity of organometallic complexes. It presents the organic chemistry of transition metals by class of metal complex, with many examples of applications in the synthesis of complex natural products and pharmaceuticals. Trade Review'This is a well written book that encapsulates much of what has been published recently, so it is a great update to the older editions. The key concepts come across very clearly.' - Nicholas E. Leadbeater, University of Connecticut, USA 'I enjoyed reading this book. There is a ton of information in it and I believe it will be very useful.' - Patrick J. Walsh, University of Pennsylvania, USATable of ContentsFormalisms, Electron Counting, Bonding (How Things Work).- Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms.- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Hydrides.- Synthetic Applications of Complexes Containing Metal-Carbon Sigma-Bonds .- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Carbonyl Complexes.- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Carbene Complexes.- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Alkene, Diene, and Dienyl Complexes.- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Alkyne Complexes.- Synthetic Applications of eta3-Allyl Transition Metal Complexes.- Synthetic Applications of Transition Metal Arene Complexes.- Reactions of eta6-Arenemetal Complexes.- Index.

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Book SynopsisOrganic materials with extraordinary magnetic properties promise a wide range of light, flexible, and inexpensive alternatives to familiar metal-based magnets. Individual organic molecules with high magnetic moments will be the foundation for design and fabrication of these materials.This book provides a systematic understanding of the structure and properties of organic magnetic molecules. After a summary of the phenomenon of magnetism at the molecular level, it presents a survey of the challenges to theoretical description and evaluation of the magnetic character of open-shell molecules, and an overview of recently developed methods and their successes and shortfalls. Several fields of application, including very strong organic molecular magnets and photo-magnetic switches, are surveyed. Finally, discussions on metal-based materials and simultaneously semiconducting and ferromagnetic extended systems and solids point the way toward future advances.The reader will find a comprehensive discourse on current understanding of magnetic molecules, a thorough survey of computational methods of characterizing known and imagined molecules, simple rules for design of larger magnetic systems, and a guide to opportunities for progress toward organic magnets.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Magnetism; Organic Molecules, Radicals and Spin States; Theoretical Methodologies; Molecular Orbital Description of Magnetic Organic Systems; Qualitative Guides to Preferred Spin States: The Spin Alternation Rule; Quantum Chemical Calculations: Structural Trends; Highly Magnetic Systems; Photo-Magnetic Switches; Theory of Spin Hamiltonians: Magnetic Coupling in Transition Metal Complexes; Computational Studies of Inorganic Clusters and Solid Systems; New Horizons in Molecular Magnetic Materials.

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