Organic chemistry Books

Book SynopsisCoverage in this annual review of the literature presents a comprehensive survey of the vast field of study involving organophosphorus compounds, from phosphines and phosphonium salts through to phosphorous acids, nucleotides and ylides. The critical reviews in this volume enable industrial and academic researchers to keep abreast of the latest developments in their specialist fields.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe goal of this book is to show the high potential of chiral sulfur-containing ligands to promote numerous asymmetric catalytic transformations. The important number of reports appeared in the literature over the last 35 years often highlighted spectacular results in terms of efficiency and enantioselectivity, allowing access to many biologically important molecules, which clearly demonstrates that these ligands can now be recognised as real competitors to the more usual phosphorus- or nitrogen-containing ligands. A key point of reference for post-graduate students, researchers and academics.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Allylic Substitution; Chapter 2: Conjugate Addition; Chapter 3: Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Aldehydes; Chapter 4: Addition of Organozinc Reagents to Ketones; Chapter 5: Diels-Alder Reaction; Chapter 6: Cyclopropanation; Chapter 7: Heck-Type Reactions; Chapter 8: Hydrogenation; Chapter 9: Hydrogen Transfer; Chapter 10: Miscellaneous Reactions; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganometallic Chemistry is an interdisciplinary science which continues to grow at a rapid pace. Although there is continued interest in synthetic and structural studies, the last decade has seen a growing interest in the potential of organometallic chemistry to provide answers to problems in synthetic organic chemistry, the development of new materials and catalysis. This Specialist Periodical Report aims to reflect these current interests, and since Volume 34 provides both comprehensive and critical reviews of the recent literature. Topics examined in this volume include heterocyclic carbene compounds, coinage metals and paddlewheel compounds.Table of ContentsPreface; Non-transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes; Bis(phosphorus-stabilised)methanide and methandiide derivatives of group 1û5 and f-element metals; The stabilisation of organometallic complexes using m-terphenyl ligands The Pauson-Khand reaction; Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanides; Alkali/coinage metals û organolithium, organocuprate chemistry; Group 2 (Be-Ba) and group 12 (Zn-Hg); Organo-transition metal cluster complexes

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to describe some aspects of the chemistry and chemical ecology which are found in the garden. In the garden there are numerous interactions between plants, the soil and with other organisms in which chemistry plays a central mediating role. The discussion concerns several of the chemically and ecologically interesting compounds that are produced by common ornamental garden plants and vegetables and by the predators that attack them. Many chemists are amateur gardeners and this book is directed at them as well as those with a general interest in the scientific processes involved in the garden.Table of ContentsPreface: Chapter 1: Introduction; Chemical diversity in plants; The structure elucidation of natural products; The ecological role of natural products; Changes in the garden; Chapter 2: The biosynthetic relationships of natural products; Polyketides; Terpenoids; Phenylpropanoids; Alkaloids; Chapter 3: Natural products and plant biochemistry in the garden; The structural materials of plants; Photosynthesis; Oxidative co-enzymes; Plant hormones; Chapter 4: Garden soils; The mineral structure of the soil; The organic content of the soil; Nutrients from the soil; The role of pH; Fertilizers and compost; Microbial interactions within the soil; Chapter 5: The colour and scent of garden plants; Colouring matters; The carotenoids; The anthocyanins; Natural pigments; Floral and leaf scents; Chapter 6: Bioactive compounds from ornamental plants; Compounds from the Lamiaceae; Constituents of bulbs; Toxic compounds from ornamental plants; Compounds from ornamental trees; Mistletoe; Conifers; Chapter 7: Natural products in the vegetable and fruit garden; Root vegetables; Onions, garlic and asparagus; The brassicas; Lettuce; The legumes; Rhubarb; Tomatoes; Fruit trees; Soft fruit; Chapter 8: Fungal and insect chemistry in the garden; Microbial interactions; Lichens; Mycorrhizal and endophytic organisms; Interactions between fungi; Insect chemistry in the garden; Epilogue; Further Reading; Glossary; Index;

Read more less

Book SynopsisChiral materials have been studied in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Virginia for applications in areas like asymmetric catalysis, enantioselective fluorescent sensing, and optical/electrical materials. Optically active 1,1′-binaphthyl molecules are used to build novel chiral polymers, dendrimers, macrocycles, and acyclic molecules. 1,1′-Binaphthyl molecules are chosen because of their remarkably stable chiral configuration as well as their high asymmetric inductions in many processes.In this book, both the fundamental knowledge about the 1,1′-binaphthyl molecules and the synthesis of the structurally diverse 1,1′-binaphthyl-based materials are described. The applications of these materials in various fields are also discussed. This book will serve as a reference for graduate students as well as other professionals working in the related fields.Table of ContentsIntroduction to 1,1'-Binaphthyls; Main Chain Chiral Conjugated Polymers; Polybinaphthyls in Asymmetric catalysis; Asymmetric Catalysis by BINOL and Its Nonpolymeric Derivatives; Enantioselective Fluorescent Sensors Based on 1,1'-Binaphthyl Derived Dendrimers, Small Molecules and Macrocycles; Miscellaneous Studies on Materials Related to 1,1'-Binaphthyls.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book, unique in its field, is a comprehensive description of all the methodologies reported for carrying out conjugate addition reactions in a stereoselective way, using small chiral organic molecules as catalysts (organocatalysts). In the last 3-4 years, this has been a rapidly growing field in organic chemistry, and many papers have appeared reporting excellent protocols for carrying out these highly efficient transformations that compete well with other classical approaches using transition metal catalysts. A particularly attractive feature of this transformation relies upon the fact that the conjugate addition (Michael and Hetero-Michael reactions) is an extraordinarily effective means to initiate cascade processes which result in the formation of complex molecules from very small and simple starting blocks. The book, written by noted experts, covers all recent advances in this hot topic, and provides a good state-of-the-art review for organic chemists working in this field and all those who wish to start projects in this area.Trade Review"The book is focused on enantioselective organocatalysis in the context of conjugate addition reactions, a vast category of reactions that include some of the most versatile carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. The authors are themselves active contributors to the area, including the development of new methodologies"."The overall organisation of this book is excellent, and is based on an appropriate selection of representative protocols that illustrate how different types of chiral organocatalysts can promote conjugate additions and control the sterochemical outcome"."The book is written with clarity and is very well structured"."Each topic is highlighted by seminal contributors from the pioneers on the subject area" * Angew Chem. Claudio Palomo Niucolau *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Enantioselective conjugate reactions via iminium activation; Enantioselective conjugate reactions via enamine activation; Enantioselective conjugate reactions via hydrogen-bonding activation; Enantioselective conjugate reactions via chiral ammonium ion formation; Organocatalytic enantioselective cascade reactions

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe demands for green and sustainable synthetic methods in the fields of healthcare and fine chemicals, combined with the pressure to produce these substances expeditiously and in an environmentally benign fashion, pose significant challenges to the synthetic chemical community. Green chemistry can avoid pollution by utilizing techniques that are environmentally friendly by design and one of the best green techniques is the use of microwave (MW) assisted aqueous synthetic protocols. Fusing MW technique with water (as a benign reaction medium) can offer an extraordinary synergistic effect with greater potential than these two individual components in isolation. Selective microwave heating can be exploited to develop a high yield protocol and the use of water expedites the MW-protocol with more energy efficiency. This book provides an overview of the various processes developed using aqueous microwave chemistry and is written for chemists, chemical engineers and researchers in the early stages who want to develop sustainable and green processes. Written by well known microwave experts, the book is a comprehensive examination of the field and is the first book that deals strictly with aqueous microwave chemistry and represents a significant effort towards green chemistry. It covers all the microwave-assisted aqueous reactions in depth, including heterocycle synthesis, metal catalysis, enzyme catalysis, polymer synthesis, nanomaterials synthesis and nano-catalysis. Each chapter contains representative experimental procedures, helping the reader quickly replicate some of the experiments to gain hands-on experience.Trade Review""Both (editors) are known for their work in the area of micorwave-assisted synthesis, and Varma is considered a prominent elder statesman of the field.""For someone interested in getting into the field....this book may well prove to have value for the money." -- Nicholas E Leadbeater * JACS 2011, 133, 2011, Nicholas E Leadbeater *Table of ContentsBasics and Mechanism of Aqueous MW Chemistry MW-assisted heterocycles synthesis in aqueous medium MW-assisted coupling reactions in aqueous medium Metal-catalyzed reactions in water under MW-irradiation MW-assisted fine chemical synthesis in an aqueous medium MW-assisted nano-catalysis in an aqueous medium

Read more less

Book SynopsisBy-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a modern day global fact responsible for igniting a number of year’s worldwide intense research activity into human chemical ingenuity. This fully updated and revised 2nd edition depicts how practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry are solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology. The authors report and comment on employable, practical avenues applicable to convert glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. This book is the best-selling reference book in the field. The highly anticipated 2nd Edition is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding whether biodiesel and glycerol refineries are convenient and economically sound.Trade Review"...comprehensive review of the established and most recent developments in the chemistry of glycerol." "this book presents a short and nearly comprehensive overview of the established and more recent developments in the chemistry of glycerol."Table of ContentsGlycerol: Properties and Production; Reforming; Selective Reduction; Chlorination; Dehydration; Etherification; Esterification; Selective Oxidation; Bioglycerol in the Construction Industry; Sustainability of Bioglycerol.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis unique book describes newly discovered proteolytic enzymes and their biological function. In many cases, these enzymes are targets for new drug discovery in order to provide new therapeutic approaches to control human diseases and/or metabolic conditions. The chapters in this book will help other investigators to pursue drug discovery by detailing methods of production and assay of the enzymes. In addition, the latest structural studies that are described in the book will permit rapid advances in drug design. The most important elements of this book are the state-of-the-art, detailed descriptions of the properties of the proteolytic enzymes. The chapters in the book, written by leading experts in the field, collect the best work on the topics with complete bibliographies for each target enzyme. The illustrations are highly informative to aid and facilitate a new design of inhibitors that can be developed as drug candidates. Key chapters include those by Mark Gorrell and Catherine Abbott, both describing dipeptidyl peptidases, which have been implicated in a number of metabolic conditions including diabetes. The chapters are written from two very different perspectives, thus enriching the literature in this area. In addition, the chapter by Sheena McGowan focuses on aminopeptidases from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and the chapter by Ben Dunn deals with the aspartic peptidases from the same organism.Trade ReviewThe book thus certainly has the merit to broaden the perspective of readers and will be a good source of new information for those who are already to some degree familiar with research and drug discovery on proteinases and who want to dive deeper into the subject. The -- Dr. Richard Sedrani * ChemMedChem 2012, 7, 2040 – 2041 *Table of ContentsDipeptidyl peptidases: Substrates and therapeutic targeting in human health and disease; The Metalloproteases Meprin ? and ?: Pathophysiological roles in Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Fibrosis; Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II as a Therapeutic Target; The Role of Proteolytically Inactive Serine Proteases from Sarcoptes scabiei in Complement Evasion; Targeting Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) for Diabetes and Cancer Therapy; Discovery of the Cysteine Protease Cathepsin B as a Drug Target for Alzheimer's Disease; Plasmodium falciparum Neutral Aminopeptidases: Development of novel anti-malarials by understanding enzyme structure; Blood-feeding human hookworm proteases; Structural Mechanisms of Inactivation in Proteolytically Inactive Serine Proteases from Sarcoptes scabiei; The Aspartic Proteinases from the Malaria Parasite: Structure and Function of the Plasmepsins

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to cover the very recent developments in asymmetric organocatalysis, focussing on those published since the beginning of 2008. The last decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the field of asymmetric organocatalysis with an impressive amount of new catalysts, novel methodologies, and applications in numerous reaction types, such as nucleophilic substitutions, addition reactions, as well as cycloadditions, oxidations, reductions, kinetic resolutions, and miscellaneous reactions. This very diverse and intensely developing field is too wide to cover in a single review. The timeliness of the book together with the expected impact is excellent, since nowadays asymmetric organocatalysis is arguably the most intensively developed field in organic chemistry. The book is designed to meet the demands of a postgraduate textbook,containing case studies and Q&A sections, as well as a practical book filled with facts and data useful as a working tool for the practitioner. The book is divided into ten sections, dealing successively with nucleophilic additions to electron-deficient C=C double bonds, nucleophilic additions to C=O double bonds, nucleophilic additions to C=N double bonds, nucleophilic additions to unsaturated nitrogen, nucleophilic substitutions at aliphatic carbon, cycloaddition reactions, oxidations, reductions, kinetic resolutions and desymmetrisations, and miscellaneous reactions.Trade Review"A strength of the book lies in the extensive use of graphics. Virtually every entry in the book is provided a graphic summary of the best cases for a particular report.""This compilation can be regarded as a snapshot of progress for a field that requires treatment in any modern graduate program in organic chemistry.""...the author has produced a work that is commendable by the measures of the topics selected and their organization." * Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS),2011, 133, 2330 - 2330, Jeffrey N Johnston *"...this book was set out to update the audience on the application of asymmetric organocatalysis after several earlier review articles and this certainly meets the task with a plethora of detailed reports on important asymetric organic catalysed processes.""This book will appeal to those researchers engaged in catalysis at phD or post-doctoral level and provides a useful compendium on a wide number of organocatalytic transformations." * Chemistry World, February 2011, Benjamin Buckley *Table of ContentsIntroduction Nucleophilic additions to electron-deficient C=C double bonds Nucleophilic additions to C=O double bonds Nucleophilic additions to C=N double bonds Nucleophilic additions to unsaturated nitrogen Nucleophilic substitutions at aliphatic carbon Cycloaddition reactions Oxidations Reductions Kinetic resolutions and desymmetrisations Miscellaneous reactions General Conclusion

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this meeting was to convene scientists from experimental and theoretical disciplines to discuss a number of highly topical and controversial issues related to wetting and dewetting at hydrophobic surfaces. The current interest in superhydrophobic surfaces has led to a conceptual widening of the term "hydrophobicity". Non-wetting of a surface may be achieved not only by minimising the surface free energy, but also via an appropriately tailored surface morphology. As a consequence, even low-energy liquids may dewet a surface and hydrophobicity becomes a more general "lyophobicity". Wetting dynamics at both smooth and structured surfaces is involved in a range of surface phenomena, including contact angle hysteresis, adhesion, surface forces, self-cleaning and the boundary conditions for fluid flow. This very active area of current research has major cross-disciplinary implications, and a number of theoretical, modelling and experimental results are in urgent need of clarification and resolution if we are to understand better the properties and behaviour of extended and structured hydrophobic and lyophobic surfaces. Physical chemists, biologists, materials scientists and nanotechnologists have benefited from attending this meeting, and its printed discussion.

Read more less

Book SynopsisP-stereogenic ligands were among the first to be used in asymmetric catalysis but synthetic difficulties and prejudices have hampered their development. However, continuous screening for new chiral ligands means that they can no longer be ignored and this rigorous reference source reflects their renaissance. The book is filled with many examples from recent primary literature. The synthetic chemist will easily be able to follow the preparation methods which are accompanied by a description of the challenges and limitations. Those working in homogenous catalysis, and wanting to increase their repertoire of ligands, will be able to establish which have already been used in each reaction and their performance. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the application of P-stereogenic ligands in homogeneous catalysis. It begins with a brief chapter on generalities of P-stereogenic compounds: history, configurational stability, and interconversions among them.The book then goes on to describe the main preparative methods, from resolution of racemates to enantioselective catalysis, before focusing on the catalytic applications of P-stereogenic ligands. Chapter 7 describes the use of the ligands in catalytic hydrogenation and related reactions whereas chapter 8 deals with other reactions, mainly C-C bond forming reactions. The aim of these two final chapters is to give an outline of the usefulness of the ligands in homogeneous catalysis.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Resolution of Racemic and Diastereomeric Mixtures; P-Stereogenic Heterocycles; P-Stereogenic Compounds Derived from Enantiopure Heterocycles P-Stereogenic Phosphines Prepared by Enantioselective Deprotonation; Preparation by Enantioselective Catalysis; Hydrogenation and Related Reactions; Miscellaneous Reactions

Read more less

Book SynopsisCarbon-carbon bond formations and functional group transformations are the most fundamental reactions for the construction of molecular frameworks and are at the forefront of organic chemistry research. The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) type reactions possess the two most important requirements - atom economy and generation of multi-functional groups. The last decade has seen exponential growth of the MBH reaction and its applications. In fact, it is already one of the most powerful carbon-carbon bond-forming methods widely used in organic synthesis. Since the 1990s, more and more research groups have initiated work on different aspects of the MBH reaction. These have focused on the scope of the substrates, novel catalysts (especially chiral catalysts), reaction mechanisms, and synthetic applications. Consequently, there is now a need for a reference detailing the chemistry of this important reaction. This unique book summarizes the MBH reaction, aza-MBH reaction and asymmetric MBH/aza-MBH reaction including the latest research and mechanistic investigations. It provides a complete overview of MBH-type reactions aimed at synthetic organic chemists of all levels within academia and industry. The chapters cover the; origin and growth of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction; reactant classes and reaction conditions; catalytic mechanisms; achiral and chiral catalytic systems; transformations of functional groups; use of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts and derivatives as starting materials to construct compounds with carbocyclic or heterocyclic frameworks, and the applications of the MBH reaction in synthesizing natural products.Table of ContentsMorita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction; Catalytic System for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction; Transformations of Functional Groups in Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts; Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts or Derivatives for the Construction of Cyclic Frameworks; The application of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction for the Synthesis of Natural Products

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganophosphorus Chemistry provides a comprehensive and critical review of the recent literature. Coverage includes phosphines and their chalcogenides, phosphonium salts, low coordination number phosphorus compounds, penta- and hexa- coordinated compounds, quiquevalent phosphorus acids, nucleotides and nucleic aicds, ylides and related compounds, phosphazenes and the application of physical methods in the study of organophosphorus compounds. This is the 40th in a series of volumes which first appeared in 1970 under the editorship of Stuart Trippett and which covered the literature of organophosphorus chemistry published in the period from January 1968 to June 1969, citing some 1370 publications. The present volume covers the literature from January 2009 to January 2010, citing more than 2200 publications, continuing our efforts to provide an up to date survey of progress in an area of chemistry that has expanded significantly over the past 40 years.Table of ContentsPreface; Phosphines and related P-C bonded compounds; Phosphine chalcogenides; Phosphonium salts and P-ylides; Nucleotides and nucleic acids: mononucleotides; Nucleotides and nucleic acids; oligo- and polynucleotides; Quinquevalent phosphorus acids; Pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated compounds; Phosphazenes; Physical methods

Read more less

Book SynopsisPharmaceutical process research and development is an exacting, multidisciplinary effort but a somewhat neglected discipline in the chemical curriculum. This book presents an overview of the many facets of process development and how recent advances in synthetic organic chemistry, process technology and chemical engineering have impacted on the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. In 15 concise chapters the book covers such diverse subjects as route selection and economics, the interface with medicinal chemistry, the impact of green chemistry, safety, the crucial role of physical organic measurements in gaining a deeper understanding of chemical behaviour, the role of the analyst, new tools and innovations in reactor design, purification and separation, solid state chemistry and its role in formulation. The book ends with an assessment of future trends and challenges. The book provides a valuable overview of: both early and late stage chemical development, how safe and scaleable synthetic routes are designed, selected and developed, the importance of the chemical engineering, analytical and manufacturing interfaces, the key enabling technologies, including catalysis and biocatalysis, the importance of the green chemical perspective and solid form issues. The book, written and edited by experts in the field, is a contemporary, holistic treatise, with a logical sequence for process development and mini-case histories within the chapters to bring alive different aspects of the process. It is completely pharmaceutical themed, encompassing all essential aspects, from route and reagent selection to manufacture of the active compound. The book is aimed at both graduates and postgraduates interested in a career in the pharmaceutical industry. It informs them about the breadth of the work carried out in chemical research and development departments, and gives them a feel for the challenges involved in the job. The book is also of value to academics who often understand the drug discovery arena, but have far less appreciation of the drug development area, and are thus unable to advise their students about the relative merits of careers in chemical development versus discovery.Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Introduction; Process Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Origins, Evolution and Progress; Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Structure and Impact on Synthesis; Rapid Early Development of Potential Drug Candidates; Route Design and Selection The Importance of Green Chemistry in Process Research and Development; Kinetic Approaches for Faster and Efficient Process Development; The Design of Safe Chemical Reactions - It's No Accident; Physicochemical Data Requirements for the Design of Fine Chemical Processes - Acquisition and Application; Liquid-Liquid Extraction for Process Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry; Development Enabling Technologies; The Analytical Interface and the Impact on Pharmaceutical Process Development; Materials Science - Solid Form Design and Crystallisation Process Development; Technology Transfer of API; Future Trends and Challenges;

Read more less

Book SynopsisWe all learn - in schools, factories, bars and streets. We gather, store, process and transmit information in society. Molecular systems involved in our senses and within our brains allow all this to happen and molecular systems allow living things of all kinds to handle information for the purpose of survival and growth. Nevertheless, the vital link between molecules and computation was not generally appreciated until a few decades ago. Semiconductor-based information technology had penetrated society at many levels and the interest in maintaining momentum of this revolution led to the consideration of molecules, among others, as possible information handlers. Such an overlap between the recent engineering-oriented revolution with the ancient biology-oriented success story is very interesting and George Boole's times in Ireland 150 years ago produced the logic ideas that provide the foundations of computation to this day. Molecular logic and computation is a field which is 17 years young, has had a healthy growth and is a story which deserves to be told. It is a growing branch of chemical science which highlights the connection between information technology (engineering and biological) and chemistry. The author and co-workers of this publication launched molecular logic as an experimental field by publishing the first research in the primary literature in 1993 and are uniquely placed to recount how the field has grown. There is no other book at present on molecular logic and computation and is more comprehensive than that found in any review available so far. It shows how designed molecules can play the role of information processors in a wide variety of situations, once we are educated by those information processors already available in the semiconductor electronics business and in the natural world. Following a short history of the field, is a set of primers on logic, computing and photochemical principles which are an essential basis in this field. The book covers all of the Boolean logic gates driven by a single input and all of those with double inputs and the wide range of designs which lie beneath these gates is a particular highlight. The easily-available diversity of chemical systems is another highlight, especially when it leads to reconfigurable logic gates. Further on in the book, molecular arithmetic and other more complex logic operations, including those with a memory and those which stray beyond binary are covered. Then follows molecular computing approaches which lie outside the Boolean blueprint, including quantum phenomena and finally, the book catalogues the useful real-life applications of molecular logic and computation which are already available. This book is an authoritative, state of the art, reference and a 'one-stop-shop' concerning the current state of the field for scientists, academics and postgraduate students.Trade Review"There is no other book around that can provide the comprehensive background and insights AP offers in this monograph from the RSC." -- David Bradley * Sciencebase, Science news and reviews *"this excellent, timely and very comprehensive book closes a gap. The pioneer status that the author enjoys in the field leaves no doubt about the authoritative character of the work." "The book will serve the expert, as well as interested scientists from other specialties related to any aspect of molecular logic. It is also a complementary text for graduate studies in supramolecular chemistry and will hopefully be a source of inspiration for progress in molecular computing." -- Uwe Pischel * Chemistry World *Table of ContentsA Little History; Chemistry and Computation; A Little Logic and Computation; A Little Photochemistry and Luminescence; Single Input-Single Output Systems; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisImmobilization of chiral catalysts is an important tool for improving overall efficiency of catalytic processes. However, heterogeneous catalysts often suffer from decreased activities and supported but still homogeneous catalysts can help overcome this issue. This book covers the most important concepts of homogeneous supported catalysis with an emphasis on enantioselective processes. It describes the state-of-the-art and latest developments in each area whilst critically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of this important method. The book encompasses ionically-tagged catalysts, supported organocatalysts, supported ionic liquid phases, catalysis using soluble polymers, catalytic dendrimers, fluorous catalysts, water soluble catalysts and non-covalent immobilization methods. Potential developments and ideas for the future are also highlighted. There is a growing demand for effective and recyclable catalysts so this book, covering all the important methods in the field of supported homogeneous catalysis, will appeal to many researchers in academia and industry.Trade Review"The editor of the present volume is Radovan Sebesta of Comenius University (Bratislava), an expert in organocatalysis and on the use of ionic liquids as catalyst supports." -- Miquel A. Perics, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona (Spain) * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8425 – 8426 *"...discusses the latest developments in the areas covered, critically evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of these methodologies" -- Miquel A. Perics, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona (Spain) * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8425 – 8426 *"...this volume will certainly be a useful tool for researchers working in catalysis and a useful addition to the libraries of academic chemists." -- Miquel A. Perics, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Tarragona (Spain) * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8425 – 8426 *Table of ContentsIonically-tagged transition-metal catalysts; Catalysis with supported organocatalysts; Supported ionic liquid phase catalysis; Metal-catalysts on soluble polymers; Catalytic dendrimers; Fluorous catalysts and chiral auxiliaries in biphasic and homogeneous systems; Aqueous-phase asymmetric catalysis; Non-covalent immobilization

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe chemical synthesis of isotopically labelled compounds is a pre-requisite for many chemical, biochemical and medicinal investigations. The constraints imposed by the requirements for regiospecific labelling and, in some instances, the time-scale of the synthesis often lead to quite different synthetic strategies to those that are used for the unlabelled material. Whilst there are many specialist papers, reviews and long books devoted to particular isotopes, there is no currently available short introductory book devoted to the organic chemistry of isotopic labelling. The aim of this book is to introduce research workers to a variety of methods that have been used to achieve these synthetic labelling objectives before exploring a particular method in detail. It covers a number of different isotopes and the methods that have been used to introduce them into organic compounds. Labelling methods also provide useful undergraduate teaching examples of modern synthetic reactions and their stereochemical consequences using relatively simple substrates. The book will therefore have a wider appeal than just those involved in using isotopes in research such as environmental and pharmaceutical chemists as well as organic chemists.Table of ContentsThe discovery and detection of isotopes in organic chemistry; Labelling compounds with carbon-13 and carbon-14; Labelling with deuterium and tritium; Some examples of the stereochemistry of labelling with hydrogen isotopes; The synthesis of labelled amino acids; Labelling compounds with nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18; Labelling compounds with the radioactive isotopes of phosphorous, sulfur and the halogens; Labelling for Positron Emission Tomography; Glossary; Further Reading; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe last 15 years have witnessed significant developments in the efficiency and scope of the application of DKR. These now offer a serious alternative to conventional methods for asymmetric synthesis. Indeed, impressive examples using new enzymes and major progress in the DKR of racemates have taken place over the past few years. The powerful combination of enzymes and metals has also been the subject of spectacular development. In addition, a new type of DKR, involving organocatalysts, has recently appeared. Although asymmetric catalysis has undergone development during the last two decades, the most common industrial process used to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds is still via resolution of racemic mixtures. This is despite the major disadvantage that only a maximum of 50% product yield can be obtained. It is not surprising that DKR, which solves the problem of the limitation in yield, has attracted an increasing amount of interest from both the industrial and the academic perspective. This book provides an up-date on the principle methods employed to obtain dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) by either enzymatic or non-enzymatic methods. It also illustrates the diversity of useful chiral products that can be obtained through this powerful concept. Divided into three sections, the book deals successively with non-enzymatic methods, enzymatic methods, and the use of transition metals and enzymes in tandem.Trade Review'Throughout the text, the individual studies are summarizes in a paragraph or two, accompanied by a reaction scheme. This lends the text a readable structure with a reference-book level of utility. The majority of references are both recent and pertinent''a great reference to anyone working on DKR''through anthology of important and current DKR methodologies' * Ekaterina N. Kadnikova and Keegan G. Nelson *"An engaging and clearly presented review of the current state of the art in dynamic kinetic resolution""From an eye-catching, brightly coloured, front cover to well laid out text and schemes, the book is certainly visually appealing""The Indexing is excellent""Publication of this book is timely" * Barry Potter *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Non-enzymatic methods; Enzymatic methods; Use of transition metals and enzymes in tandem; Conclusions

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on assessing recent progress in our general understanding of coherence and control in chemistry and defining new avenues for future research. The prospect of exploiting quantum interference to direct the outcome of a chemical reaction is known as coherent control. Over the last twenty years or so, many schemes to exploit the coherence property of laser light have been proposed to exert such control over molecules, and in the last decade or so these have become realisable through advances in laser and pulse shaping technology. Many practical demonstrations of molecular coherent control, with applications ranging from laser cooling of molecules to chemically selective bond breaking or the generation of coherent x-ray light through high harmonic generation, have been made. We now also know that many photochemical reactions of fundamental importance in biology appear to exploit quantum coherence in order to transfer energy efficiently to do work rather than dissipate the energy as heat. This volume brings together experimentalists and theoreticians working in all areas of physics and chemistry who have an interest in probing and controlling chemical interactions at the quantum resolved level.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book details polysaccharides and other important biomacromolecules covering their source, production, structures, properties, and current and potential application in the fields of biotechnology and medicine. It includes a systematic discussion on the general strategies of isolation, separation and characterization of polysaccharides and proteins. Subsequent chapters are devoted to polysaccharides obtained from various sources, including botanical, algal, animal and microbial. In the area of botanical polysaccharides, separate chapters are devoted to the sources, structure, properties and medical applications of cellulose and its derivatives, starch and its derivatives, pectins, and exudate gums, notably gum arabic. Another chapter discusses the potential of hemicelluloses (xylans and xylan derivatives) as a new source of functional biopolymers for biomedical and industrial applications. The algal polysaccharide, alginate, has significant application in food, pharmaceuticals and the medical field, all of which are reviewed in a separate chapter. Polysaccharides of animal origin are included with separate chapters on the sources, production, biocompatibility, biodegradability and biomedical applications of chitin (chitosan) and hyaluronan. With the increasing knowledge and applications of genetic engineering there is also an introduction in the book to nucleic acid polymers, the genome research and genetic engineering. Proteins and protein conjugates are covered, with one chapter providing a general review of structural glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, together with their role in the promotion of cell adhesion in vascular grafts, implants and tissue engineering. Another chapter discusses general aspects of a number of industrial proteins, including casein, caseinates, whey protein, gluten and soy proteins, with emphasis on their medical applications, and with reference to the potential of bacterial proteins. Another natural polymer resource, microbial polyesters, although small compared with polysaccharides and proteins, is also gaining increasing interest in biomedical technology and other industrial sectors. One chapter, therefore, is devoted to microbial polyesters, with comprehensive coverage of their biosynthesis, properties, enzymic degradation and applications. By dealing with biopolymers at the molecular level, the book is aimed at the biomedical and wider materials science communities and provides an advanced overview of biopolymers at the graduate and postgraduate level. In addition it will appeal to both academic and industrial life scientists who are involved in research and development activities in the medical and biotechnology field.Trade ReviewThe structure of the book provides a thorough chapter by chapter overview of the background and basics in each of many different polymers, each written as a review by a range of top interna-tional authors. Each of these chapters covers a wide range of topics including descriptions of their essential properties and characterisations as well a strong focus on the key are-as in which the materials have been applied in the biomedical arena and are drawn from a wide range of sources to provide an excellent overview of each area. Drawn together this provides an excellent, handy and concise handbook that is a timely publication and is an outstanding resource for researchers that are interested in developing natural materials or interested in their biomedical applications. -- Macro Group UK Bulletin - Andrew Dove Macro Group UK Bulletin - REQUEST ONLYTable of ContentsNatural Polymers: Introduction and Overview; Analysis and Characterization of Natural Polymers; Cellulose and its Derivatives and Applications; Starch and Starch Derived Products: Biotech and Medical Applications; Pectins: Production, Properties and Applications; Gum Arabic and Other Exudate Gums: Sources, Properties and Applications; Alginates: Biotechnology and Medical Applications; Chitin and Chitosan: Sources, Production and Medical Applications;Hemicellulose: A New Source of Functional Biopolymers; Hyaluronan: Resources, Biology and Medical Applications; Nucleic Acid Polymers, Genes and Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology; Glycoproteins and Adhesion Ligands: Properties and Biomedical Applications; Industrial Milk and Plant Proteins: Sources, Production and Medical Applications; Microbial Polyesters: Biosynthesis, Properties, Biodegradation and Applications;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fully updated and expanded second edition of a highly popular text book focuses on the structure and mechanism in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. Carbohydrates play important roles in biological systems as energy sources, as structural materials, and as informational structures (when they are often attached to proteins or lipids). Their chemical reactivity and conformational behaviour is governed by mechanistic and stereochemical rules, which apply as much to enzymic as to non-enzymic reactivity. The same principles of reactivity and conformation govern changes brought about in the process industries, such as pulp, paper and food. Extensively referenced with citations and a detailed index, the book contains everything the reader needs to know to start a carbohydrate research project with one of the real strengths being the treatment and integration of the important physical-chemical principles and methods (though lead references only are given to the finer points of carbohydrate synthesis). The book is suitable for both researchers who are new to the subject and those more established as well as a readership from diverse backgrounds and interests, including chemists, biochemists, food scientists and technologists involved with the processing of polysaccharides in the paper, textile, cosmetics, biofuels and other industries.Trade Review"...the book provides an excellent and authoritative reference resource for beginning and established researchers interested in structural and mechanistic aspects of carbohydrate (biochemistry)""useful addition to the library of individuals with interests in theglycoscience field, as well as students wishing to learn moreabout this area.""the overall view of the text is favorable, since it covers so many varied topics, some perhaps unfamiliar to even the most seasoned glycoscientists""...this is an excellent treatment of carbohydrate chemistry. It belongs in libraries and on the bookshelves of carbohydrate chemists and biochemists.""..an invaluable companion and introduction to the primary literature of the field."Table of ContentsStructures of the open-chain forms of reducing sugars and related molecules. Mechanistic probes of sugar carbonyl group additions; Conformations of Sugar Rings and Glycosidic Linkages; Nucleophilic Substitution a the Anomeric Centre; Enzymic Glycoside Hydrolysis and Transglycosylation: Kinetics and Mechanism; Primary Structure and Conformation of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides; Heterolytic Reactions of OH Groups; Heterolytic Chemistry of the Carbon Chain; Glycosyl Transferases and Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis; Glycoconjugates: Biosynthesis and Properties; One-electron Chemistry of Carbohydrates; Appendix; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe environmental and health hazards created by industrial chemicals and consumer products must be minimized. For safer products to be designed, the relationships between structure and toxicity must be understood at the molecular level. Green chemistry combined with free radical research has the potential to offer innovative solutions to such problems. Some solutions are "greener then others", and many necessitate significant financial investment. New technology will only be adopted if real benefit can be shown and sometimes adaptation of existing methods is the best option. The efficiency of processes must be assessed, not only in terms of the final yield, but also cost, environmental impact and waste toxicity. This practical and concise guide showcases the sustainable methods offered by green free radical chemistry and summarizes the fundamental science involved. It discusses the pros and cons of free radical chemistry in aqueous systems for synthetic applications. All transformation steps are covered including initiation, propagation, and termination. Useful background knowledge is combined with examples, including industrial scale processes for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. The book helps chemists to choose appropriate methods for achieving maximum output using a modern, environmentally conscious approach. It shows that, armed with an elementary knowledge of kinetics, an understanding of the mechanistic and technical aspects, and some common sense, it is possible to harness free radicals for use in a broad range of applications. Streamlining Green Free Radical Chemistry is aimed at chemists, engineers, materials scientists, biochemists and biomedical experts, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students. It encourages readers to question conventional methods and move towards the "Benign-by-Design" approach of the future. References to further reading are provided at the end of each chapter.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Development of Free Radical Green Chemistry and Technology: Journey through Times, Solvents, Causes, Effects and Assessments; Chapter 2 Classical Synthetic Free Radical Transformations in Alternative Media: Supercritical CO2, Ionic Liquids and Fluorous Media; Chapter 3 Solvent-Free Carbon–Carbon Bond Formations in Ball Mills and in the Solid State; Chapter 4 Microwaves in Synthesis: How do Microwaves Promote the Reaction in Conventional and Alternative Media?; Chapter 5 Asymmetric Free-Radical Reductions Mediated by Chiral Stannanes, Germanes, and Silanes; Chapter 6 Organic Radical Reductions in Water: Water as a Hydrogen Atom Source; Chapter 7 Tin-Free Radical Reactions Mediated by Organoboron Compounds; Chapter 8 Thiols as Efficient Hydrogen Atom Donors in Free Radical Transformations in Aqueous Media; Chapter 9 Advances in the Use of Phosphorus-centered Radicals in Organic Synthesis in Conventional Flasks: Advantages, Reasons and Applications; Chapter 10 Metal-based Homogeneous Catalysis and Free Radical Synthesis: Advantages, Developments and Scope; Chapter 11 Radicals and Transition-metal Catalysis: a Complementary; Solution to Increase Reactivity and Selectivity in Organic Chemistry; Chapter 12 Reagent Control in Transition-metal-initiated Radical Reactions; Chapter 13 Enantioselective Radical Reactions and Organocatalysis; Chapter 14 The Sunny Side of Chemistry: Green Synthesis by Solar Light; Chapter 15 Sonochemistry: Ultrasound Application in Radical Synthesis; Chapter 16 Black-light-initiated Free Radical Reactions for Synthetic; Applications, Micro-reactors and Modified Nucleoside Synthesis; Chapter 17 Photo-catalysis and Metal–Oxygen-anion Cluster Decatungstate in Organic Chemistry: a Manifold Concept for Green Chemistry; Chapter 18 Radical Domino Reactions: Intermolecular Telescopic Reactions; Chapter 19 Telescopic Reactions and Free Radical Synthesis: Focus on Radical and Radical–Ionic Multicomponent Processes; Chapter 20 Radical–Radical–Radical Telescopic Reactions: from Rules through Reasons to Applications; Chapter 21 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: from the Bench to the Future through the Vinyl Radical; Chapter 22 Streamlining Organic Free Radical Synthesis through Modern Molecular Technology: from Polymer-supported Synthesis to Microreactors and Beyond; Chapter 23 Radical Reactions and b-Cyclodextrin as a MolecularFerrari: Is There a Hidden Advantage of Speed, Power and Class? From Fundamental Reactions to Potential Applications; Chapter 24 Artificial Enzymes and Free Radicals: the Chemist’s Perspective; Chapter 25 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: from the Bench to Nature through SmI2 Radicals as an Efficient Trigger for Radical Cascades, a Journey from Orsay to the 21st Century; Chapter 26 Innovative Reactions Mediated by Zirconocene: Advantages and Scope; Chapter 27 Applications of Conventional Free Radicals and Advances in Total Synthesis: Radical Cascades in Bio-inspired Terpene Synthesis; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a practical, easy to use guide for readers with limited experience of molecular modelling. It will provide students at the undergraduate and early postgraduate chemistry level with a similar entry to modelling. The needs of independent readers are catered for by the inclusion of instructions for acquiring and setting up a suitable computer. Unlike many other textbooks in this field, the authors avoid extensive discussion around complex mathematical foundations behind the methods, choosing instead to provide the reader with the choice of methods themselves. To further these aims of the book, compact discs are included that provide a comprehensive suite of modelling software and datasets. The continuing interest of the pharmaceutical industry in molecular modelling in early stage drug design is recognized by the inclusion of chapters Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. There is a chapter on modelling of the solid state, a subject that is also of importance for pharma, where problems due to polymorphism in the crystalline forms of drugs are often encountered in the later design stages.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Computers for Molecular Modelling; Software for Molecular Modelling and Computational Chemistry; Using INTERCHEM for molecular modelling; Molecular Modelling of Proteins and Nucleic acids; Essential Information on Crystal Structures; Solid State Molecular Modelling; The Source of Archived 3D Chemical Structure Information; Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry; Appendices.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThere is great commercial interest in hyperbranched polymers from manufacturers of polymer formulations, additives and coatings, polymer electronics and pharmaceuticals. However, these polymers are difficult to characterize due to their very complex, multidimensional distribution and there is a great need to understand how to control their synthesis to obtain certain material properties. Hyperbranched Polymers is the first book to examine in detail the recent advances in hyperbranched polymers. Focusing on the structural characterization of hyperbranched polymers, the book summarizes the research in the field and makes a direct correlation between the chemical structure and global molecular properties. This correlation is essential for understanding the structure–properties relation and fills the gap between the synthetic advances and physico-chemical understanding of this polymer class. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, the book will appeal to both scientists working in fundamental research, as well as industrial manufacturers of dendritic polymers.Trade ReviewThere is great commercial interest in hyperbranched polymers from manufacturers of polymer formulations, additives and coatings, polymer electronics and pharmaceuticals. However, these polymers are difficult to characterise due to their very complex, multidimensional distribution and there is a great need to understand how to control their synthesis to obtain certain material properties. Hyperbranched Polymers is, according to the publishing house, the first book to examine in detail the recent advances in hyperbranched polymers. Focusing on the structural characterisation of hyperbranched polymers, it summarises the research in the field and makes a direct correlation between the chemical structure and global molecular properties. This correlation is essential for understanding the structure–properties relation and fills the gap between the synthetic advances and physico-chemical understanding of this polymer class. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, the book will appeal to both scientists working in fundamental research, as well as industrial manufacturers of dendritic polymers. -- PU Magazine Vol. 13Table of ContentsIntroduction; Degree of Branching; Control over the Conformation of Dendritic Polymers; Separation and Molar Mass Determination; Solution Viscosity; Size Determination by Scattering Techniques; Model Calculation of Different Hyperbranched Structures; Scaling Conception and Interpretation Of Structural Parameters And Scattering Experiments; Correlation of Molecular And Bulk Properties;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe vast majority of drugs are organic molecular entities. A clear understanding of the organic chemistry of drug degradation is essential to maintaining the stability, efficacy, and safety of a drug product throughout its shelf-life. During analytical method development, stability testing, and pharmaceutical manufacturing troubleshooting activities, one of the frequently occurring and usually challenging events would be the identification of drug degradants and understanding of drug degradation mechanisms and pathways. This book is written by a veteran of the pharmaceutical industry who has first-hand experience in drug design and development, drug degradation mechanism studies, analytical development, and manufacturing process troubleshooting and improvement. The author discusses various degradation pathways with an emphasis on the mechanisms of the underlying organic chemistry, which should aid greatly in the efforts of degradant identification, formulation development, analytical development, and manufacturing process improvement. Organic reactions that are significant in drug degradation will first be reviewed and then illustrated by examples of drug degradation reported in the literature. The author brings the book to a close with a final chapter dedicated to the strategy for rapid elucidation of drug degradants with regard to the current regulatory requirements and guidelines. One chapter that should be given special attention is Chapter 3, Oxidative Degradation. Oxidative degradation is one of the most common degradation pathways but perhaps the most complex one. This chapter employs more than sixty drug degradation case studies with in-depth discussion in regard to their unique degradation pathways. With the increasing regulatory requirements on the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products, in particular with regard to drug impurities and degradants, the book will be an invaluable resource for pharmaceutical and analytical scientists who engage in formulation development, analytical development, stability studies, degradant identification, and support of manufacturing process improvement. In addition, it will also be helpful to scientists engaged in drug discovery and development as well as in drug metabolism studies.Trade Review"...the book provides the interested reader with a comprehensive, overview on all relevant aspects of drug degradation chemistries and analytical strategies." -- Prof. Dr. Mario Thevis, German Sport University Cologne (Germany) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300109 *"Overall, Organic Chemistry of Drug Degradation is an interesting read and provides the reader with concise information and up-to-date knowledge on chemical as well as analytical aspects of drug degradation." -- Prof. Dr. Mario Thevis, German Sport University Cologne (Germany) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300109 *"Due to the book’s broad scope and well-balanced coverage of obligatory and new aspects in drug stability research and quality assurance, it is of particular value to students and scientists in the field of pharmaceutical sciences." "The book superbly introduces a broad readership into the arena of drug degradation and impurity testing." -- Prof. Dr. Mario Thevis, German Sport University Cologne (Germany) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300109 *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Hydrolytic Degradation; Oxidative Degradation; Various Types and Mechanisms of Degradation Reactions; Drug-Excipient Interactions and Adduct Formation; Photochemical Degradation; Chemical Degradation of Biological Drugs; Strategies for Elucidation of Degradant Structures and Degradation Pathways; Control of Drug Degradation; Subject index

Read more less

Book SynopsisControlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has revolutionized and revitalized the field of synthetic polymer chemistry over the last twenty years as it is now possible to prepare a wide variety of previously inaccessible macromolecules under relatively mild conditions. Fundamentals of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization provides an in-depth coverage of the essential chemical principles that enable and govern each of the CRP methods. The book starts with a brief historical overview of the major findings in polymer science which eventually led to the development of living ionic and living radical systems. It then goes on to introduce the main CRP techniques including their mechanistic understanding. The book also provides the information needed to select the appropriate reagents and conditions to conduct various CRP methods in a practical setting. Therefore, in addition to a newcomer gaining an appreciation for what has already been accomplished, the reader will be armed with the tools needed to begin independent research. Fundamentals of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization provides essential insight into a rapidly growing field that goes beyond a simple literature review of the area. Written by leading experts in the field, the book is an indispensible resource for all researchers, instructors, and students in polymer chemistry.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Kinetic, thermodynamic and other aspects of radical polymerization; Fundamental aspects of living polymerization; Controlled/living radical polymerization in the presence of iniferters; Controlled/living radical polymerization mediated by stable radicals; Organometallic controlled/living radical polymerization; Controlled/living radical polymerizations in the presence of tellurium, antimony, and bismuth compounds; Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization; Degenerative transfer polymerization based on iodine compounds and reversible chain transfer catalyzed polymerization mediated by germanium, tin and phosphorus compounds; Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe different physical properties displayed by low molar mass organic materials and polymers are a result of their molecular organisation. In order to understand the structure – property relationship of a material it is necessary to first look at the interactions at a molecular level. This new edition of Polymer Structure Characterization provides readers with the background needed to understand the factors that influence molecular organization and how this affects the morphology and bulk physical properties of a material. In order to introduce the concepts, the book first looks at small molecular systems and builds up to complex macromolecular systems. The second edition has been fully revised and updated to include new examples and references. Topics covered include: organic crystals, liquid crystals, plastic crystals, polymer crystal growth, amorphous glassy materials, polymer surfaces and interfaces, colloids and molecular organization in liquids as well as two new chapters on self-assembly and biopolymer systems. The book is intended to provide complimentary material for a range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in materials science, molecular chemistry and chemical physics. In addition to polymer and material scientists, the book would also be of interest to chemists and physicists studying the properties of organic materials.Table of ContentsConcept of Structure–Property Relationships in Molecular Solids and Polymers; Crystal Growth in Small Molecular Systems; Liquid Crystalline State of Matter; Plastic Crystals; Morphology of Crystalline Polymers and Methods for its Investigation; Polymer Crystal Growth; Glasses and Amorphous Material; Polymer Blends and Phase Separation; Molecular Surfaces; Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces; Colloids and Molecular Organization in Liquids; Self-Assembly and Building Nano Structures; Biopolymer and Related Systems; Molecular Organization and Higher Order Structures;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this meeting is to bring together experts in complex fluids, ionic systems and soft condensed matter sharing a common interest in charged fluids. The meeting aims to discuss fundamental experimental and theoretical aspects of the physical chemistry of RTILs. Discussions will also examine the state-of- the-art of experimental and theoretical developments regarding thermodynamics, interfacial behaviour, microscopic structure and molecular dynamics of ionic liquids as well as highlighting emerging problems, identifying new research directions. The book aims to maximize the dissemination of this information whilst helping to promote the interest of young scientists and students allowing a forum for them to interact with experts in ionic and molecular soft condensed matter.Table of ContentsContents List; Papers; Discussion

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe diverse range of applications has thrust hydrogels into the spotlight of scientific research. From biomedical applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing, and consumer care products such as contact lenses to laboratory purification in chromatography and as electrophoresis gels, many researchers are looking at hydrogels for their materials solutions. This rapid expansion of the field has however created a gap between the current knowledge and understanding of hydrogel research and its future outlook. To overcome this, Polymeric and Self Assembled Hydrogels captures the entire landscape of hydrogels research providing a guidebook for academics, industrialists and postgraduates interested in the area. With contributions from the top authorities in the field, the book details the fundamental principles of both synthetic and natural polymeric networks and supramolecular hydrogels from either surfactants or peptides, along with examples of their major applications. This is the resource to give you everything you need to know about hydrogel research.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Dynamics of Gel Formation; Biomedical Applications of Hydrogels; Physical Gels From Natural Polymers; Thermogelling Polymers; Peptide Hydrogels; Mechanically Strong Gels; Supramolecular Hydrogels; Outlook and Future.

Read more less

Book SynopsisGraphene is an emerging material for generating polymer nanocomposites. Its heat conducting properties are greater than any other material, yet so dense not even helium can pass through its honeycomb lattice. The inclusion of small amounts of graphene to polymer matrices has the possibility of significantly improving their electrical, barrier and mechanical properties. Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded in 2010 for the isolation of graphene there has been an explosion in graphene research and the discovery of new applications. This book discusses the current state-of-the-art in graphene nanocomposites with expertise drawn from across the globe. Insights into the functionalisation of graphene are presented, in the context of various polymer systems, along with appropriate methodologies to be adopted. Grasping this view from several active researchers in the field gives the editor the opportunity to look where future trends are heading. This is an important handbook for anyone wishing to get a comprehensive view of the field and bring established methodologies into their laboratory and will benefit post-graduate students and established researchers alike.Table of ContentsGraphene functionalization: A review; Gelation of Graphene Oxide; Electrically Conductive Polymer - Graphene composites prepared using Latex Technology; Polymer/graphene nanocomposites by living polymerization (RAFT) in miniemulsion; In-situ Polymerization in the Presence of Graphene; Microstructure and Properties of Compatibilized Polyethylene-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites; pH Sensitive Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites; Dispersible Graphene Oxide-Polymer Nanocomposites; Graphene/conducting polymer nanocomposites prepared by interfacial polymerisation; Crystallization properties of isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites

Read more less

Book SynopsisChemically-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit a wide range of physical and chemical properties which makes them an attractive starting material for the preparation of super-strong and highly-conductive fibres and films. Much information is available across the primary literature, making it difficult to obtain an overall picture of the state-of-the-art. This volume brings together some of the leading researchers in the field from across the globe to present the potential these materials have, not only in developing and characterising novel materials but also the devices which can be fabricated from them. Topics featured in the book include Raman characterisation, industrial polymer materials, actuators and sensors and polymer reinforcement, with chapters prepared by highly-cited authors from across the globe. A valuable handbook for any academic or industrial laboratory, this book will appeal to newcomers to the field and established researchers alike.Table of ContentsChapter 1, Conducting Polymer-Based Carbon Nanotube Composites: Preparation and Applications; Chapter 2, Actuators and Infrared Sensors Based on Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites; Chapter 3, Photoelectrical Responses of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Composites; Chapter 4, Chemical Functionalisation of Carbon Nanotubes for Polymer Reinforcement; Chapter 5, Polymer-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes via Grafting from Approach; Chapter 6, Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electrically Conductive Materials and Devices; Chapter 7, Characterization of Dispersability of Industrial Nanotube Materials and their Length Distribution Before and After Melt Processing; Chapter 8, Methods for Improving the Integration of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Polymers; Chapter 9, Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Hybrid Materials

Read more less

Book SynopsisCatalysis has always been part of the development of mankind; from the fermentation of alcoholic drinks, through the development of fertilisers in the agricultural revolution and production of bulk chemicals in the 20th Century. Today, society demands improved production routes with greater product output and energy efficiency; the ultimate goal to achieving this would be having all catalytic reactions in concert, effectively functioning like a biological cell. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a relatively new type of hybrid material. Their crystalline porous structure, built up from organic and inorganic building blocks, presents a vast array of composition, porosity and functionality offering enormous potential in catalytic systems. This book examines the latest research and discovery in the use of MOFs in catalysis, highlighting the extent to which these materials have been embraced by the community. Beyond presenting a digest of recent research by major players in the field, the book presents the strategies behind recent developments, providing a lasting reference for seasoned researchers and newcomers to the field.Table of Contents1. Introduction; PART A. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MOFs; 2. Synthesis of MOFs; 3. Post-synthetic Modification of MOFs; 4. Characterization of MOFs. 1. Combined Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopies; 5. Characterization of MOFs. 2. Long and Local Range Order Structural Determination of MOFs by Combining EXAFS and Diffraction Techniques; 6. MOFs for Energy and Environmental Applications; 7. Computational Approach to Chemical Reactivity of MOFs; PART B. CATALYSIS BY MOFs; 8. Strategies for Creating Active Sites in MOFs; 9. Catalysis at the Metallic Nodes of MOFs; 10. Catalysis at the Organic Ligands; 11. MOFs as Nanoreactors. Species Encapsulated in the IntraMOF Space; 12. Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral MOFs; 13. Photocatalysis by MOFs; 14. Catalysis by Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs); 15. Conclusions and Future Developments

Read more less

Book SynopsisA series of critical reviews and perspectives focussing on specific aspects of organometallic chemistry interfacing with other fields of study are provided. For this volume, the critical reviews cover topics such as the activation of "inert" carbon-hydrogen bonds, ligand design and organometallic radical species. For example, Charlie O'Hara discusses how mixed-metal compounds may perform the highly selective activation of C-H bonds and, in particular, how synergic relationships between various metals are crucial to this approach. The chemistry of a remarkable series of air-stable chiral primary phosphine ligands is discussed in some depth by Rachel Hiney, Arne Ficks, Helge M³ller-Bunz, Declan Gilheany and Lee Higham. This article focuses on the preparation of these ligands and also how they may be applied in various catalytic applications. Bas De Bruin reports on how ligand radical reactivity can be employed in synthetic organometallic chemistry and catalysis to achieve selectivity in radical-type transformations. As well as highlighting ligand-centered radical transformations in open-shell transition metals, an overview of the catalytic mechanism of Co(II)-catalysed olefin cyclopropanation is given, showing that enzyme-like cooperative metal-ligand-radical reactivity is no longer limited to real enzymes. Valuable and informative comprehensive reviews in the field of organometallic chemistry are also covered in this volume. For example, organolithium and organocuprate chemistry are reviewed by Joanna Haywood and Andrew Wheatley; aspects in Group 2 (Be-Ba) and Group 12 (Zn-Hg) compounds by Robert Less, Rebecca Melen and Dominic Wright; metal clusters by Mark Humphrey and Marie Cifuentes; and recent developments in the chemistry of the elements of Group 14 - focusing on low-coordination number compounds by Richard Layfield. This volume therefore covers many synthetic and applied aspects of modern organometallic chemistry which ought to be of interest to inorganic, organic and applied catalysis fields.Table of ContentsSilver-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Promising Anti-Cancer Agents; The Chemistry of NacNac Complexes; Developments in Multiply-Bonded Group 14 Organometallic Chemistry; Alkali/Coinage Metals - Organolithium, Organocuprate Chemistry; Cluster Chemistry of the Transition Metals

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganophosphorus Chemistry provides a comprehensive and critical review of the recent literature. Coverage includes phosphines and their chalcogenides, phosphonium salts, low coordination number phosphorus compounds, penta- and hexa- coordinated compounds, quinquevalent phosphorus acids, nucleotides and nucleic acids, ylides and related compounds, phosphazenes and the application of physical methods in the study of organophosphorus compounds.Table of ContentsPhosphines and Related P-C bonded Compounds; Tervalent Phosphorus Acid Derivatives; Phosphine Chalcogenides;Phosphonium Salts and P-Ylides; Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Mononucleotides; Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Oligo- and Poly-Nucleotides Quinquevalent Phosphorus Acids; Pentacoordinated and Hexacoordinated Compounds; Phosphazenes; Physical Methods in Organophosphorus Chemistry

Read more less

Book SynopsisEveryone is becoming more environmentally conscious and therefore, chemical processes are being developed with their environmental burden in mind. This also means that more traditional chemical methods are being replaced with new innovations and this includes new solvents. Solvents are everywhere, but how necessary are they? They are used in most areas including synthetic chemistry, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical production and processing, the food and flavour industry and the materials and coatings sectors. However, the principles of green chemistry guide us to use less of them, or to use safer, more environmentally friendly solvents if they are essential. Therefore, we should always ask ourselves, do we really need a solvent? Green chemistry, as a relatively new sub-discipline, is a rapidly growing field of research. Alternative solvents - including supercritical fluids and room temperature ionic liquids - form a significant portion of research in green chemistry. This is in part due to the hazards of many conventional solvents (e.g. toxicity and flammability) and the significant contribution that solvents make to the waste generated in many chemical processes. Solvents are important in analytical chemistry, product purification, extraction and separation technologies, and also in the modification of materials. Therefore, in order to make chemistry more sustainable in these fields, a knowledge of alternative, greener solvents is important. This book, which is part of a green chemistry series, uses examples that tie in with the 12 principles of green chemistry e.g. atom efficient reactions in benign solvents and processing of renewable chemicals/materials in green solvents. Readers get an overview of the many different kinds of solvents, written in such a way to make the book appropriate to newcomers to the field and prepare them for the 'green choices' available. The book also removes some of the mystique associated with 'alternative solvent' choices and includes information on solvents in different fields of chemistry such as analytical and materials chemistry in addition to catalysis and synthesis. The latest research developments, not covered elsewhere, are included such as switchable solvents and biosolvents. Also, some important areas that are often overlooked are described such as naturally sourced solvents (including ethanol and ethyl lactate) and liquid polymers (including poly(ethyleneglycol) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)). As well as these additional alternative solvents being included, the book takes a more general approach to solvents, not just focusing on the use of solvents in synthetic chemistry. Applications of solvents in areas such as analysis are overviewed in addition to the more widely recognised uses of alternative solvents in organic synthesis. Unfortunately, as the book shows, there is no universal green solvent and readers must ascertain their best options based on prior chemistry, cost, environmental benefits and other factors. It is important to try and minimize the number of solvent changes in a chemical process and therefore, the importance of solvents in product purification, extraction and separation technologies are highlighted. The book is aimed at newcomers to the field whether research students beginning investigations towards their thesis or industrial researchers curious to find out if an alternative solvent would be suitable in their work.Trade Review"This book must be an essential purchase for anyone working in this exciting new field and for those wishing to acquire some knowledge of it." -- Edward R. Adlard * Chromatographia (2014) 77:1249-1250 *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Green Solvents – Legislation and Certification; 'Solvent-Free' Chemistry; Water; Supercritical Fluids; Renewable Solvents and Other ‘Green’ VOCs; Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids and Eutectic Mixtures; Fluorous Solvents and Related Systems; Liquid Polymers; Tunable and Switchable Solvent Systems; Industrial Applications of Green Solvents; Education and Outreach.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNatural products are sought after by the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, and research continues into their potential for new applications. Extraction of natural products in an economic and environmentally-friendly way is of high importance to all industries involved. This book presents a holistic and in-depth view of the techniques available for extracting natural products, with modern and more environmentally-benign methods, such as ultrasound and supercritical fluids discussed alongside conventional methods. Examples and case studies are presented, along with the decision-making process needed to determine the most appropriate method. Where appropriate, scale-up and process integration is discussed. Relevant to researchers in academia and industry, and students aiming for either career path, this book presents a handy digest of the current trends and latest developments in the field with concepts of green chemistry in mind.Trade ReviewThis book gives an in-depth review of the state-of-the-art techniques for the extraction and processing of natural products and the factors influencing the performance of the process. The book incorporates a number or very useful case-studies. This book is recommended to chemists, chemical-, bio-, food- and environmental engineers working in the academic or industrial sectors. The book may be used well in the training of students in green chemical courses. -- Gyorgy Keglevich * Current Green Chemistry *Table of ContentsUses and applications of extracts from natural sources; Extraction of natural products: Principles and fundamental aspects Introduction; Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction; Microwave assisted extraction; Accelerated liquid extraction; Supercritical Fluid Extraction; Recent trends and perspectives for the extraction of natural products; Post-Extraction Processes. Improvement of Functional Characteristics of Extracts; Isolation and purification of natural products; Scale-up of Extraction Processes; Integration of Pressurized Fluids-Based Technologies for Natural Products Processing; Economic Aspects

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe combination of its unique morphology, physical properties, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness make natural rubber an appealing constituent for many materials and applications. This comprehensive two volume set covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites. Volume 1 covers different types of natural rubber-based blends and IPNs as well as manufacturing methods, thermo mechanical characterization techniques, life cycle analysis and their applications. Volume 2 focuses on natural rubber-based composites and Nanocomposites including the different types of fillers, the filler-matrix reinforcement mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and applications. This is the first book to consolidate the current state of the art information on natural rubber based materials with contributions from established international experts in the field. The book provides a "one stop" reference resource for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsNatural Rubber-Based Blends and IPNs: State of the Art, New Challenges and Opportunities; Natural Rubber: Biosynthesis, Structure and Properties; Non-Rubbers and Abnormal Groups in Natural Rubber; The Production of Natural Rubber From Hevea Brasilliensis Latex: Colloidal Properties, Preservation, Purification and Processing; Natural Rubber Based Blends and IPNs: Manufacturing Methods; Filler Migration in Natural Rubber Blends During the Mixing Process; Natural Rubber Blends and IPNs: Miscibility and Immiscibility; Natural Rubber Based Non Polar Synthetic Rubber Blends; Natural Rubber Based Polar Synthetic Rubber Blends; Thermoplastic Elastomer From High Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber: Effects of Different Dynamic Vulcanization; Natural Rubber/Engineering Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends; Radiation Processing of Natural Rubber With Vinyl Plastics; Blends and IPNs of Natural Rubber With Acrylic Plastics; Photo-Reactive Nanomatrix Structure Formed By Graft-Copolymerization of 1, 9-Nonandiol Dimethacrylate Onto Natural Rubber; Blends and IPNs of Natural Rubber with Thermosetting Polymers; Natural Rubber Blends with Biopolymers; Clay Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Based in Micro and Nano Length Scales; Rheological Behaviour of Natural Rubber Based- Blends; Spectroscopy: Natural Rubber- Based Blends and IPNs; Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Natural Rubber Based-Blends and IPNs; Scattering Studies on Natural Rubber Based-Blends and IPNs; Transport of Penetrant Molecules Through Natural Rubber-Based Blends and IPNs; Life Cycle Analysis, Ageing and Degradation Behaviour of Natural Rubber Based-Blends and IPNs; Applications of Natural Rubber Based-Blends and IPNS in Tire Engineering and Other Fields;

Read more less

Book SynopsisInterest in the application of nanotechnology to medicine has surged in recent years and could transform the way we diagnose, treat and prevent diseases such as cancer. However, the clinical success of nanomedicine is limited because of problems with toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this it is essential to produce new nanosystems with specific functions, which can be achieved by designing new polymers with particular properties that can be used for nanomedicine. Functional Polymers for Nanomedicine provides a complete overview of the different strategies for designing polymers for nanomedicine applications. The first part of the book looks at the current problems and direction in nanomedicine including a review of current design and targeting of nanocarriers. The second part explores the design of polymers with different functions including hyperbranched polymers, polymersomes, polysaccharides, polymeric micelles and zwitterionic polymers and their applications in gene therapy and drug delivery. This timely book is edited by a leading scientist in nanomedicine and provides a suitable introduction and reference source for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and academic and industrial researchers in polymer science, nanotechnology and pharmacy interested in materials for medical applications.Table of ContentsTargeted Drug Delivery in Oncology: Current Paradigm and Challenges; Targeted Nanomedicine: Challenge and Opportunities; Rational Design of Translational Nanocarriers; Functional Polymers for Gene Delivery; Functional Hyperbranched Polymers for Drug and Gene Delivery; Functional Polymersomes for Controlled Drug Delivery; Polymeric Micelle-Based Nanomedicine for siRNA Delivery; Polysaccharide/polynucleotide complexes for cell-specific DNA delivery; Design of complex micelles for drug delivery; Zwitterionic Polymers for Targeted Drug Delivery; Polymer-based Prodrugs for Cancer Chemotherapy; Non-viral vector recombinant mesenchymal stem cells: a promising targeted-delivery vehicle in cancer gene therapy; Near-Critical Micellization for Nanomedicine: Enhanced Drug Loading, Reduced Burst Release;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Handbook of Chalcogen Chemistry: New Perspectives in Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium provides an overview of recent developments, particularly from the last decade, on the chemistry of the chalcogen group elements (S, Se and Te). While up to a few decades ago, chalcogen chemistry was mainly centred on sulphur, in recent years the research based on Se and Te has increased dramatically, and has created huge scope for the use of compounds based on this type of chemistry. The Handbook is organised into two parts, the first of which deals systematically with the chemistry of chalcogens in relation to other group elements in the periodic table. It also includes an overview of metal-chalcogenides and metal-polychalcogenides. The second part reflects the interdisciplinary nature of chalcogen chemistry and focuses on biological, materials and supramolecular aspects of the field. This Handbook gives a comprehensive overview on recent developments over the last decade and is ideal for researchers in the field.Table of ContentsPart 1; 1: Compounds containing the Boron-Chalcogen B-E (E = S, Se, Te) bond; 2: Compounds containing the Carbon-Chalcogen C-E (E = S, Se, Te) bond; 2.1: Thiolates, selenolates, and tellurolates; 2.2: Recent developments in the chemistry of thio-, seleno- and telluro-ethers; 2.3: Chalcogenone C=E compounds; 2.4: Thioamides, thioureas and related selenium and tellurium compounds; 3: Compounds containing the direct bond between Chalcogens and heavier group 14 Elements (Si, Ge, Sn); 4: Chalcogen-Nitrogen Chemistry; 5: Chalcogen-Phosphorus (and Heavier Congeners) Chemistry; 6: Chalcogen-Oxygen Chemistry; 7: Compounds containing the Chalcogen-Chalcogen E-E (E = S, Se, Te) bond; 7.1: Structure and bonding of the neutral chalcogens and their polyatomic cations; 7.2: Organochalcogen multication species; 8: Halogen-Chalcogen X-E (X = F, Cl, Br, I; E = S, Se,Te) Chemistry; 8.1: Recent developments in binary halogen-chalcogen compounds, polyanions and polycations; 8.2: C.T. Adducts and related compounds; 9: Metal Chalcogenides; 9.1: Metal-chalcogenides: clusters, layers, nanotubes; 9.2: Polychalcogenides; Part 2; 10: Miscellaneous Aspects; 10.1: Synthesis and stereochemistry of optically active chalcogen compounds; 10.2: 1,1-Dithiolato ligands and related selenium and tellurium compounds; 10.3: Hypervalent chalcogen compounds; 11: Biological Chemistry; 11.1: Chalcogens (S, Se, Te) in microorganisms and plants; 11.2: Metal-sulfur clusters as model for the active sites of metalloenzimes; 12: Material Chemistry; 12.1: Stable chalcogen radicals; 12.2: Chalcogen reach compounds as electron donors; 12.3: 1,2- Dithiolato ligands and related selenium and tellurium compounds; 13: Supramolecular Chemistry; 13.1: Chalgogen-halogen secondary bonds in self-assembling of supramolecular structures

Read more less

Book SynopsisPolymers are used in many everyday technologies and their degradation due to environmental exposure has lead to great interest in materials which can heal and repair themselves. In order to design new self healing polymers it's important to understand the fundamental healing mechanisms behind the material. Healable Polymer Systems will outline the key concepts and mechanisms underpinning the design and processing of healable polymers, and indicate potential directions for progress in the future development and applications of these fascinating and potentially valuable materials. The book covers the different techniques developed successfully to date for both autonomous healable materials (those which do not require an external stimulus to promote healing) and rehealable or remendable materials (those which only recover their original physical properties if a specific stimulus is applied). These include the encapsulated-monomer approach, reversible covalent bond formation, irreversible covalent bond formation and supramolecular self-assembly providing detailed insights into their chemistry. Written by leading experts, the book provides polymer scientists with a compact and readily accessible source of reference for healable polymer systems.Table of ContentsHealable Polymeric Materials; Encapsulation-Based Self-Healing Polymers and Composites; Reversible Covalent Bond Formation as a Strategy for Healable; Healable Supramolecular Polymeric Materials; Thermodynamics of Self-Healing Reactions and their Application in Polymeric Materials;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe combination of its unique morphology, physical properties, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness make natural rubber an appealing constituent for many materials and applications. This comprehensive two volume set covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites. Volume 1 covers different types of natural rubber-based blends and IPNs as well as manufacturing methods, thermo mechanical characterization techniques, life cycle analysis and their applications. Volume 2 focuses on natural rubber-based composites and Nanocomposites including the different types of fillers, the filler-matrix reinforcement mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and applications. This is the first book to consolidate the current state of the art information on natural rubber based materials with contributions from established international experts in the field. The book provides a "one stop" reference resource for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsNatural Rubber-Based Composites and Nanocomposites: State of the Art, New Challenges and Opportunities; Nanofillers in Natural Rubber; Theory and Mechanisms of Filler Reinforcement in Natural Rubber; Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; Strength and Durability of Natural Rubber and Chemically Modified Natural Rubber; Carbon Black Reinforcement in Natural Rubber in Micro and Nano Length; Silica Reinforcement in Natural Rubber in Micro and Nano Length Scales; Clay Reinforcement in Natural Rubber in Micro and Nano Length Scales; Long and Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites; Micro and Nano TiO2 Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites; Micro and Nano Metal Particle Filled Natural Rubber Composites; Micro and Nano Zinc Oxide Filled NR Composites; Magnetic Filler Reinforced Natural Rubber Macro and Nanocomposites; Micro and Nano Calcium Carbonate Filled Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; Preparation and Characterizations of Natural Rubber Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs); Metal Oxide Filled Micro and Nano Natural Rubber Composites; Fully Green Natural Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Micro Composites; Synthesis of Natural Rubber Based Completely Green Bionanocomposites; Linear and Nonlinear Viscoelastic Behavior Natural Rubber Composites from Macro to Nanoscales; Rheological Behavior of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; X-Ray, Light and Neutron Scattering Studies On Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites from Macro to Nanoscales; Microscopy of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; NMR Studies of Natural Rubber Composites from Macro to Nanoscales - A Review; ESR Studies of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; Diffusion and Transport of Liquids, Vapours and Gases Through Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites; Applications of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites;

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhosphorus-containing (co)polymers are gaining wide appeal for many uses, from healthcare and medicine to energy and environmental applications. Phosphorus-Based Polymers is the first book dedicated to this topic and provides a comprehensive overview of the different polymers and their uses. The first part of the book covers the synthesis and polymerisation of different phosphorus containing systems including phosphorus containing (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide and viny or allyl monomers, as well as vinyl phosphonic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, poly(phosphoesters)and polyphosphazenes. The second part of the book contains specific chapters detailing different applications such as biomedical applications in dental materials, tissue engineering and drug delivery, metal complexation for anti-corrosion and wastewater purification materials, fire retardant additives and fuel cell membranes. Written by expert researchers in the chemistry of phosphorus-containing polymers, this book is suitable for academic and industrial researchers interested in polymer and materials synthesis as well as their applications.Table of ContentsPolymerization of Phosphorus-Containing (Meth)acrylate Monomers; Polymerization of Phosphorus-Containing (Meth)acrylamide Monomers; Phosphorus-Containing Both Vinyl or Allyl Monomers; Synthesis and Polymerization of Vinyl Phosphonic Acid; 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl PhosphorylCholine (MPC) Polymers; Polyphosphoesters; Polyphosphazenes High Polymers; Phosphorus-Based Monomers Used for Dental Application; Biomedical Applications of Phosphorous-Containing Polymers; Complexation with Metals: Anti-Corrosion; The Use of Phosphorus-Containing Polymers for the Removal of Metal Ions from Wastewaters; Flame Retardancy of Phosphorus-Containing Polymers; Proton Conducting Phosphonated Polymers and Membranes for Fuel Cells;

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers the latest developments in asymmetric domino reactions, focussing on those published in the last 6 years. These fascinating reactions have rapidly become one of the most current fields in organic chemistry, since they allow reaching easily high molecular complexity in an economically favourable way with advantages of savings in solvent, time, energy, and costs. Unsurprisingly, the high levels of efficiency and enantioselectivity generally reached in these reactions have been exploited for the production of a wide number of complex chiral molecules with dense stereochemistry and functionality, which are motifs present in biologically active compounds and natural products. The book is divided into three principal sections, dealing successively with asymmetric domino reactions based on the use of chiral auxiliaries, asymmetric domino reactions based on the use of chiral metal catalysts, and asymmetric domino reactions based on the use of chiral organocatalysts, covering the literature since the beginning of 2006.Table of Contents1 Introduction; 2 Domino Reactions based on the use of Chiral Auxiliaries; 3 Domino Reactions based on the use of Chiral Metal Catalysts; 4 Domino Reactions based on the use of Chiral Organocatalysts; 5 Conclusions

Read more less