Molecular biology Books

Book SynopsisHomo sapiens rank among the most parasitized of all animals. In part this is because we know so much about all aspects of the biology of our species, but in addition, our varied habitat and diet and our global distribution exposes us to more infections than any other species. Whereas some familiar parasitic infections are responsible for much human disease and suffering, the great majority are rare or obscure forms ignored by all but the most comprehensive texts. The Parasites of Homo sapiens: An Annotated checklist of the Protozoa, Helminths and Arthropods for Which We Are Home, 2nd Edition presents a comprehensive listing of them all. Closely following the pattern of the first edition, this new edition incorporates a wealth of further information and data from the most recently published research findings. An indispensable guide for all parasitologists, it presents a comprehensive checklist of all animals naturally parasitic in or on the human body. Each parasite listed includes a coTable of ContentsProtozoa. Trematoda. Cestoda. Nematoda. Acanthocephala. Arthropoda. Exclusions. Summary. References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Nuclear Envelope brings together the major current topics in nuclear envelope structure, transport, transcriptional regulation and cell signaling. The volume is divided into four sections:1. Proteins of the nuclear envelope, including nuclear envelope proteomics, structure and function.2. Nuclear pores and transport at the nuclear envelope, including pore complex structure, assembly and function and import and export pathways.3. Nuclear envelope dynamics, including dynamics of lamina assembly and disassembly.4. Nuclear signaling and transcription regulation, including signaling to the nucleus and spectrin repeat proteins and their implications or communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm.Table of Contents1. The Nuclear Envelope: A Comparative Overview. 2. The Nuclear Envelope Proteome. 3. Nuclear Envelope Proteins and Human Disease. 4. Protein Interactions, Right or Wrong, in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. 5. Plant Nuclear Envelope Proteins. 6. Structure, Function and Assembly of the Nuclear Pore Complex. 7. Import and Export at the Nuclear Envelope. 8. Regulating Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells: How Nuclear Architecture Influences mRNA Synthesis and Export to the Cytoplasm. 9. Nuclear Shuffling in Plant Cells. 10. Dynamics of Nuclear Lamina Assembly and Disassembly. 11. Spatial and Temporal Control of Nuclear Envelop Assembly. 12. Nuclear Envelope Dynamics During Mitosis. 13. Nuclear Dynamics in Higher Plants. 14. The Nuclear Envelope in the Plant Cycle. 15. Signalling to the Nucleus via A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins. 16. Spectraplakins and Nespins, Giant Spectrin Repeat Proteins Participating in the Organization of the Cytoskeleton and the Nuclear Envelope. 17. Arabidopsis U1 snRNP 70K Protein and its Interacting Proteins: Nuclear Localization and in Vivo Dynamics of a Novel Plant-Specific Serine/Argone-rich Protein. 18. Calcium/Calmodulin-binding transcription activators in Plants and Animals. 19. CAAX-dependent Modifications of the Lamin Proteins in the Organization of the Nuclear Periphery. 20. All in the Family: Evidence for Four New LEM-domain Proteins Lem2 (NET-25), Lem3, Lem4 and Lem5 in the Human Genome.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEmerging protozoan pathogens, once thought to be an obscure menace of society, have become a major threat to human health. The last two decades have seen major advances in the understanding of these increasingly important pathogens. Emerging Protozoan Pathogens provides a comprehensive account of up-to-date information on the present status of research in this discipline. Written by experts in their respective subject areas, this book provides a valuable resource for microbiologists and molecular and cell biologists at advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as health professionals and researchers who are interested in these pathogens. The material covered, including biology, genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatments, makes it an ideal platform on which to base further research projects. Trade Review"…any fresh angle that helps reinvigorate our interest in, and understanding of, protozoan infections is to be welcome and Khan’s book certainly fills a niche." ParasitologyTable of ContentsA. Amoebae A1. Acanthamoeba spp. A2. Balamuthia mandrillaris A3. Naegleria fowleri A4. Blastocystis hominis B. Apicomplexans B1. Cryptosporidium spp. B2. Toxoplasma gondii B3. Isospora belli B4. Babesia microti C. Ciliates C1. Balantidium coli D. Flagellates D1. Diplomonadida - Giardia spp. D2. Stramenopila - Trichomonas vaginalis E. Protozoan Pathogens of Major Medical Importance F. Protozoan Biology G. Host Response

Read more less

Book SynopsisBIOS Instant Notes in Microbiology, Fourth Edition, is the perfect text for undergraduates looking for a concise introduction to the subject, or a study guide to use before examinations. Each topic begins with a summary of essential facts-an ideal revision checklist-followed by a description of the subject that focuses on core information, with clear, simple diagrams that are easy for students to understand and recall in essays and exams. BIOS Instant Notes in Microbiology, Fourth Edition, is fully up-to-date and covers: The Microbial World Systematics Microbiology Microbial Growth Microbial Metabolism Prokaryotic DNA and RNA Metabolism Industrial Microbiology Eukaryotic Microbes: An Overview The Fungi and Related Phyla Archaeplastida, Excavata, Chromalveolata and Amoebozoa The Viruses Table of ContentsA. The microbial world B. Systematics C. Microbiology D. Microbial Growth E. Microbial Metabolism F. Prokaryotic DNA and RNA metabolism G. Industrial Microbiology H. Eukaryotic microbes: an overview I. The fungi and related phyla J. Archaeplastida, Excavata, Chromalveolata and Amoebozoa K. The viruses

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fascinating book draws its subject matter from a range of relevant disciplines that extend from molecular nutrition, nutritional sciences, and nutrition dietetics through to genetics, genomics, and anthropology.Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. INTRODUCTION. Chapter 1—Defining Important Concepts. 1.1 Key Concepts in Molecular Biology for the Study of Human Nutrition. 1.2 The Inheritance of Genetic Packets of Information. 1.3 A Brief Overview of Evolutionary Biology and the Ascent of Man. 1.4 The –omics Revolution. Chapter 2—Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variation Linked to Diet. 2.1 A Brief History of the Human Diet. 2.2 The Role of Milk in Human Evolution. 2.3 Micronutrients and the Evolution of Skin Pigmentation. 2.4 Micronutrients Optimize Gametogenesis and Reproductive Fecundity. 2.5 Direct Dietary Selection of a Human Metabolomic Profile. 2.6 The Evolution of Taste as a Survival Mechanism. 2.7 The Mystery of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Polymorphisms and Ethanol Toxicity. 2.8 Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans. Chapter 3—Essential Nutrients and Genomic Integrity: Developmental and Degenerative Correlates. 3.1 Micronutrients and Genomic Stability and Function. Chapter 4—Nutrients and Cerebral Function in Human Evolution. 4.1 Human Encephalisation May be Linked to an Evolutionary Reduction in Gut Mass. 4.2 Weaning and Brain Development. 4.3 Micronutrients and the Cerebral Basis of Spirituality and Social Structure. 4.4 Pharmacotoxicology of Plants and Cultural Evolution. Chapter 5—The Evolution of Micronutrient Metabolism. 5.1 Antioxidants, Evolution, and Human Health. Chapter 6—Evolved Refinement of the Human Lifecycle Based on Nutritional Criteria. 6.1 Human Breast Milk—An Evolved Food. 6.2 Conflict between Parent and Offspring over Nutrient Requirements. 6.3 Natural Selection for Foraging Efficiency. 6.4 Evolution of Senescence. Chapter 7—The Evolution of Human Disease. 7.1 The Conflict between Agriculture and Ancestral Genes. 7.2 Obesity: A Chronic Plague of our Affluent Societies. 7.3 Prion Protein Locus and Human Evolution: The Link Between Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease and Cannibalism. Chapter 8—Contemporary Dietary Patterns that Work: The Mediterranean Diet. 8.1 Tomatoes. 8.2 Olive Oil. 8.3 Red Wine. 8.4 Bioflavonoids. 8.5 Fish. Chapter 9—Some Non-Micronutrient Essential and Nonessential Nutrients with Molecular and Possible Evolutionary Impact. 9.1 Lecithins. 9.2 Lipid-Derived First Messengers—The Eicosanoids.1 9.3 Isoflavones—Genomic and Nongenomic Influence at the Estrogen Receptor. 9.4 Phytic Acid. Chapter 10—Natural Food Toxins and the Human Diet. 10.1 Dietary Zootoxins. 10.2 Dietary Phytotoxins. Chapter 11—Nutrigenomics. 11.1 What is Nutrigenomics? 11.2 Genetic Buffering Underpins Nutrigenomic Relationships. Chapter 12—The Evolution of Protein Function. Chapter 13—Leading Edge Laboratory Tools in Nutrigenomics and Human Evolutionary Studies. 13.1 Denaturing HPLC. 13.2 DNA Sequencing. 13.3 Nucleic Acid Microchip Techniques. 13.4 The Polymerase Chain Reaction. 13.5 Protein Mass Spectrometry. 13.6 Bioinformatics. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book highlights the importance and recent success of computational intelligence methods over a diverse range of bioinformatics problems. It encourages others to use these methods and approaches in their research, while also serving as an introduction to computational intelligence methods and applications to the consumers of the research.Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. Part One Gene Expression Analysis and Systems Biology. 1. Hybrid of Neural Classifi er and Swarm Intelligence in Multiclass Cancer Diagnosis with Gene Expression Signatures (Rui Xu, Georgios C. Anagnostopoulos, and Donald C. Wunsch II). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Methods and Systems. 1.3 Experimental Results. 1.4 Conclusions. 2. Classifying Gene Expression Profi les with Evolutionary Computation (Jin-Hyuk Hong and Sung-Bae Cho). 2.1 DNA Microarray Data Classifi cation. 2.2 Evolutionary Approach to the Problem. 2.3 Gene Selection with Speciated Genetic Algorithm. 2.4 Cancer Classifi ction Based on Ensemble Genetic Programming. 2.5 Conclusion. 3. Finding Clusters in Gene Expression Data Using EvoCluster (Patrick C. H. Ma, Keith C. C. Chan, and Xin Yao). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Related Work. 3.3 Evolutionary Clustering Algorithm. 3.4 Experimental Results. 3.5 Conclusions. 4. Gene Networks and Evolutionary Computation (Jennifer Hallinan). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Evolutionary Optimization. 4.3 Computational Network Modeling. 4.4 Extending Reach of Gene Networks. 4.5 Network Topology Analysis. 4.6 Summary. Part Two Sequence Analysis and Feature Detection. 5. Fuzzy-Granular Methods for Identifying Marker Genes from Microarray Expression Data (Yuanchen He, Yuchun Tang, Yan-Qing Zhang, and Rajshekhar Sunderraman). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Traditional Algorithms for Gene Selection. 5.3 New Fuzzy-Granular-Based Algorithm for Gene Selection. 5.4 Simulation. 5.5 Conclusions. 6. Evolutionary Feature Selection for Bioinformatics (Laetitia Jourdan, Clarisse Dhaenens, and El-Ghazali Talbi). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Evolutionary Algorithms for Feature Selection. 6.3 Feature Selection for Clustering in Bioinformatics. 6.4 Feature Selection for Classifi cation in Bioinformatics. 6.5 Frameworks and Data Sets. 6.6 Conclusion. 7. Fuzzy Approaches for the Analysis CpG Island Methylation Patterns (Ozy Sjahputera, Mihail Popescu, James M. Keller, and Charles W. Caldwell). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Methods. 7.3 Biological Signifi cance. 7.4 Conclusions. Part Three Molecular Structure and Phylogenetics. 8. Protein–Ligand Docking with Evolutionary Algorithms(René Thomsen). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Biochemical Background. 8.3 The Docking Problem. 8.4 Protein–Ligand Docking Algorithms. 8.5 Evolutionary Algorithms. 8.6 Effect of Variation Operators. 8.7 Differential Evolution. 8.8 Evaluating Docking Methods. 8.9 Comparison between Docking Methods. 8.10 Summary. 8.11 Future Research Topics. 9. RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Employing Evolutionary Algorithms (Kay C. Wiese, Alain A. Deschênes, and Andrew G. Hendriks). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Thermodynamic Models. 9.3 Methods. 9.4 Results. 9.5 Conclusion. 10. Machine Learning Approach for Prediction of Human Mitochondrial Proteins (Zhong Huang, Xuheng Xu, and Xiaohua Hu). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Methods and Systems. 10.3 Results and Discussion. 10.4 Conclusions. 11. Phylogenetic Inference Using Evolutionary Algorithms(Clare Bates Congdon). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Background in Phylogenetics. 11.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Evolutionary Computation. 11.4 One Contribution of Evolutionary Computation: Graphyl. 11.5 Some Other Contributions of Evolutionary computation. 11.6 Open Questions and Opportunities. Part Four Medicine. 12. Evolutionary Algorithms for Cancer Chemotherapy Optimization (John McCall, Andrei Petrovski, and Siddhartha Shakya). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Nature of Cancer. 12.3 Nature of Chemotherapy. 12.4 Models of Tumor Growth and Response. 12.5 Constraints on Chemotherapy. 12.6 Optimal Control Formulations of Cancer Chemotherapy. 12.7 Evolutionary Algorithms for Cancer Chemotherapy Optimization. 12.8 Encoding and Evaluation. 12.9 Applications of EAs to Chemotherapy Optimization Problems. 12.10 Related Work. 12.11 Oncology Workbench. 12.12 Conclusion. 13. Fuzzy Ontology-Based Text Mining System for Knowledge Acquisition, Ontology Enhancement, and Query Answering from Biomedical Texts (Lipika Dey and Muhammad Abulaish). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Brief Introduction to Ontologies. 13.3 Information Retrieval form Biological Text Documents: Related Work. 13.4 Ontology-Based IE and Knowledge Enhancement System. 13.5 Document Processor. 13.6 Biological Relation Extractor. 13.7 Relation-Based Query Answering. 13.8 Evaluation of the Biological Relation Extraction Process. 13.9 Biological Relation Characterizer. 13.10 Determining Strengths of Generic Biological Relations. 13.11 Enhancing GENIA to Fuzzy Relational Ontology. 13.12 Conclusions and Future Work. References. Appendix Feasible Biological Relations. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe pharmaceutical industry is looking for new ways to better identify populations that will react positively to new drugs, and molecular pathology can fill that need.Trade Review“Molecular Pathology in Drug Discovery and Development is a well-written book that provides both an overview of how biomarkers may be developed and detailed explanations of how to measure and analyze said biomarkers.” (The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, March 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Franz Fogt and J. Suso Platero). 1.1. General Pathology. 1.2. General Aspects. 1.3. Molecular Pathology, the Molecular Way. 1.4. Application of Molecular Pathology. 1.5. Molecular Pathology in Drug Development. 1.6. Pharmaceutical Drug Development. References. 2 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN ONCOLOGY TARGET AND DRUG DISCOVERY (Rolf-P. Ryseck, Ricardo Attar, Matthew V. Lorenzi, and Brent A. Rupnow). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. History of Chemotherapy and Cancer Drug Discovery. 2.3. Target-Based Drug Discovery. 2.4. Utilization of Molecular Pathology in the Discovery of Novel Cancer Targets. 2.5. Hit Identifi cation and In Vitro Lead Optimization. 2.6. Implications for Molecular Pathology in Cancer Drug Development and Use. 2.7. Summary and Future Considerations. References. 3 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING IN EARLY DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Cornelia Liedtke, Lajos Pusztai, and W. Fraser Symmans). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Biomarkers in Clinical Setting and in Early Drug Development. 3.3. Advantages of Biomarker Implementation. 3.4. Changing Paradigm in Clinical Drug and Biomarker Development. 3.5. Promises of Transcriptional Profiling. 3.6. Biomarker Development and Validation Using Microarray Analysis. 3.7. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as an Intriguing Model for Biomarker Development. 3.8. Transcriptional Profi ling for Identifi cation of Individual Genes as Biomarkers. 3.9. Transcriptional Profi ling for the Definition of Multigene Predictors Using .Transcriptional Profiling. 3.10. Novel Tools for Pathway Analysis. 3.11. Implementation of Biomarkers into the Clinical Setting. 3.12. Conclusion. References. 4 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN NONCLINICAL SAFETY ASSESSMENT (Richard A. Westhouse). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Drug Development. 4.3. Drug Discovery. 4.4. Biopharmaceuticals. 4.5. Summary. References. 5 TOXICOGENOMICS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Wayne R. Buck and Eric A. G. Blomme). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Brief Overview of Large-Scale Gene Expression Technologies. 5.3. Analysis of Microarray Data. 5.4. Application of Toxicogenomics in Drug Development. 5.5. Considerations for Toxicogenomic Study Design. 5.6. Overview of Major Regulatory Developments Related to Use of Toxicogenomics in Drug Discovery and Development. 5.7. Summary. References. 6 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AS A WAY TO FIND THE RIGHT DOSE FOR A DRUG (F. Rojo, A. Rovira, S. Serrano, and J. Albanell). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Anti-EGFR-Targeted Therapies: The Pharmacodynamic Experience. 6.3. Molecular Pathology with Small Molecules Gefitinib and Erlotinib. 6.4. Molecular Pathology with Cetuximab and Other Monoclonal Antibodies to EGFR. 6.5. Proteasome Inhibitors: Pharmacodynamics on Blood Samples. 6.6. Pharmacodynamics with Rapamycin Analogs. 6.7. Second Generation of Targeted Therapies: Multitarget Agents. 6.8. Conclusions and Perspectives: Phase 0 Clinical Trials. References. 7 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY IN LIFE-CYCLE MANAGEMENT IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT (Martha Quezado, Carlos A. Torres-Cabal, and David Berman). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Molecular Pathology Techniques. 7.3. Practical Applications of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers. 7.4. Conclusion. References. 8 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR THERAPY (Hewei Li). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Molecular Therapy Strategies. 8.3. Molecular Therapy Clinical Trials. References. 9 MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ASSAYS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT PERFORMED BY A CONTRACT RESEARCH LABORATORY (Frank Lynch and Steve Bernstein). 9.1. Immunohistochemistry Is the Technique of Microscopic Visualization of Target Proteins in Tissue Sections Using Specific Antibodies. 9.2. Basics of the IHC Assay. 9.3. Immunohistochemistry Assay Development. 9.4. Sending a Study to a Contract Laboratory vs. Running In-house. 9.5. Choosing and Working with an Outside Laboratory— Keys for a Succe.ssful Relationship—What to Do before a Slide Is Stained. 9.6. Running and Managing Outsourced Clinical Studies 9.7. Applications of IHC in Drug Discovery and Development Process. 9.8. Conclusion. References. 10 QUANTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY: COLORIMETRIC IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY (Raphael Marcelpoil). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Imaging Devices and Systems. 10.3. Quantifi cation: Introduction to Colorimetric Image Analysis. 10.4. Measuring Colorimetric Information. 10.5. Chromogen Separation. 10.6. Measuring Information. 10.7. Conclusion. References. 11 AQUA® TECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY (Mark Gustavson, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Jason Christiansen, Robert Pinard, and David Rimm). 11.1. Introduction. 11.2. AQUA Technology—How It Works. 11.3. Standardization. 11.4. Quantification. 11.5. Localization. 11.6. Multiparametric Analysis. 11.7. Application of AQUA Technology to Drug Discovery and Companion Diagnostics. 11.8. Summary and Conclusions. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book compares empirical discovery methods for biologically relevant molecules with serendipitous discovery and rational design, and highlights the general approach to empirical discovery and its advantanges/disadvantages.Trade Review"This is a valuable resource that compares empirical discovery and rational design, while also considering the strengths and limitations of empirical pathways to molecular discovery. Scientists, professionals, and students interested in general aspects of molecular discovery will find this book extremely useful." (Doody's, 19 August 2011) Table of ContentsAcknowledgments xi Introduction xiii 1 If It Works, It Works: Pragmatic Molecular Discovery 1 2 Empirical Miracles: Nature's Precedents for Empirical Solutions 22 3 Evolution's Gift: Natural Somatic Diversification and Molecular Design 61 4 Evolution While You Wait 103 5 The Blind Protein Maker 145 6 The Blind Shaper of Nucleic Acids 187 7 Evolving and Creating Recognition Molecules 234 8 Molecules Small and Large 275 9 An Empirical--Rational Loop Forwards 315 10 Exploring the Limits 343 Glossary 365 Bibliography 374 References in Figure Legends 440 Index 443

Read more less

Book SynopsisA collection of current knowledge of phytochemicals and health Interest in phenolic phytochemicals has increased as scientific studies indicate these compounds exhibit potential health benefits. With contributions from world leaders in this research area, Plant Phenolics and Human Health: Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Pharmacology offers an essential survey of the current knowledge on the capacity of specific micronutrients present in ordinary diets to fight disease. The coverage in this resource: Explains the presence and biochemical properties of phenolics present in fruits and vegetables, as well as in foods derived from their plant sources Provides biochemical explanations on how certain plant phenolics fight cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other widespread pathologies Focuses on certain phenolics, e.g., flavonoids, stilbenes, and curcuminoids, and provides insights on the biocheTrade Review"Some 62 eminent researchers from 14 countries have contributed to the book's 21 chapters, each offering a comprehensive account of what is currently happening at the cutting edge of such intersecting disciplines as food science, nutrition, medicine, and pharmaceutical research. Learned updates to this topic of plant phenolics will probably be forthcoming every five to ten years." (CHOICE, 2010) Table of ContentsPREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. 1 Dietary Flavonoids and Phenolic Compounds (Indu B. Jaganath and Alan Crozier). 2 Bioavailability of Flavanols and Phenolic Acids (Laure Poquet, Michael N Clifford, and Gary Williamson). 3 Biochemical Actions of Plant Phenolics Compounds: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects (Cesar G. Fraga, Gulcin Sagdicoglu Celep, and Monica Galleano). 4 Flavonoids–Membrane Interactions: Consequences for Biological Actions (Sandra V. Verstraeten, Cesar G. Fraga, and Patricia I. Oteiza). 5 The Biochemistry Behind the Potential Cardiovascular Protection by Dietary Flavonoids (Wai Mun Loke, Jonathan M. Hodgson, and Kevin D. Croft). 6 Dietary Flavanols: Biochemical Basis of Short-Term and Longer-Term Vascular Responses (Tankred Schewe, Yvonne Steffen, Elisabeth Kravets and Helmut Sies). 7 Green Tea Catechins: Anticancer Effects and Molecular Targets (Naghma Khan and Hasan Mukhtar). 8 Flavonols: Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Health Impacts (Junji Terao). 9 Flavonols: Biochemistry Behind Cardiovascular Effects (Francisco Pérez-Vizcaı´no and Juan Duarte). 10 Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Analysis of Dietary Isoflavones (Adrian A. Franke, Brunhild M. Halm, Kerry Kakazu and Xingnan Li). 11 Phytoestrogens Up-regulate Antioxidant Genes (Consuelo Borrás and Jose Viña). 12 Dietary Isoflavones: Cardiovascular Actions and Activation of Cellular Signalling Pathways (Richard C. M. Siow and Giovanni E. Mann). 13 Bioavailability and Metabolism of Resveratrol (Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Mireia Urpi-Sarda, Raul Zamora-Ros, and Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos). 14 Resveratrol: Biochemistry and Functions (Samarjit Das, Hannah R. Vasanthi, and Dipak K. Das). 15 Resveratrol: The Biochemistry Behind its Anticancer Effects (Joydeb K. Kundu and Young-Joon Surh). 16 Curcumin: The Biochemistry Behind Its Anticancer Effects (Preetha Anand, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara, and Bharat B. Aggarwal). 17 Plant Phenolic Compounds: Modulation of Cytoprotective Enzymes and Nrf2/ARE Signaling (Siwang Yu, Ka Lung Cheung, Wenge Li and Ah-Ng Kong). 18 Phenolics in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders (Vittorio Calabrese, Marzia Perluigi, Carolin Cornelius, Raffaella Coccia, Fabio Di Domenico, Giovanni Pennisi, Chiara Cini and Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova). 19 Natural Phenolics and Metal Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Baolu Zhao). 20 Epidemiology behind Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Cancer Risk with Focus on Flavonoids (Marta Rossi, Eva Negri, Cristina Bosetti, Claudio Pelucchi, and Carlo La Vecchia). 21 Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Plants: Biochemistry, Functional Biology, and Metabolic Engineering (Alberto B. Landolino and Douglas R. Cook). INDEX.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe premiere two-volume reference on revelations from studying complex microbial communities in many distinct habitats Metagenomics is an emerging field that has changed the way microbiologists study microorganisms. It involves the genomic analysis of microorganisms by extraction and cloning of DNA from a group of microorganisms, or the direct use of the purified DNA or RNA for sequencing, which allows scientists to bypass the usual protocol of isolating and culturing individual microbial species. This method is now used in laboratories across the globe to study microorganism diversity and for isolating novel medical and industrial compounds. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology is the first comprehensive two-volume reference to cover unculturable microorganisms in a large variety of habitats, which could not previously have been analyzed without metagenomic methodology. It features review articles as well as a large number of case studies, based largely on oTrade Review“Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I is an invaluable reference for researchers in metagenomics, microbiology, and environmental microbiology; those working on the Human Microbiome Project; microbial geneticists; molecular microbial ecologists; and professionals in molecular microbiology and bioinformatics.” (Bois et Forets des Tropiques, 2011) "Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology I is an invaluable reference for researchers in metagenomics, microbiology, and environmental microbiology; those working on the Human Microbiome Project; microbial geneticists; molecular microbial ecologists; and professionals in molecular microbiology and bioinformatics." (TMCnet.com, 8 November 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1. Introduction (Frans J. de Bruijn). Background Chapters. 2. DNA reassociation yields broad-scale information on metagenome complexity and microbial diversity (V. Torsvik). 3. Diversity of 23S rRNA genes within individual prokaryotic genomes (Zhiheng Pei). 4. Use of the rRNA operon and genomic repetitive sequences for the identification of bacteria (A. Nascimento). 5. Use of different PCR primer-based strategies for characterization of natural microbial communities (James Prosser). 6. Horizontal gene transfer and recombination shape mesorhizobial populations in the gene center of the host plants Astragalus luteolus and Astragalus ernestii in Sichuan, China (Xiaoping Zhang). 7. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA)for identification and phylogenetic placement of 16S-rDNA clones (Menachim Sklarz). 8. Clustering-based peak alignment algorithm for objective and quantitative analysis of DNA fingerprinting data (Satoshi Ishii). The Species Concept. 9. Population genomics informs our understanding of the bacterial species concept (Margaret Riley). 10. Genome analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae: Implication for the microbial “pan-genome” (R. Rappuoli). 11. Metagenomic insights into bacterial species (Kostas Konstantinidis). 12. Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology (E. Stackebrandt). 13. Metagenomic Approaches for the Identification of Microbial Species (David Ward). Metagenomics. 14. Microbial Ecology in the age of metagenomics (Jianping Xu). 15. The enduring legacy of small rRNA in microbiology (Susan Tringe). 16. Pitfalls of PCR-based rRNA gene sequence analysis: an update on some parameters (Stackebrandt). 17. Empirical testing of 16S rRNA gene PCR primer pairs reveals variance in target specificity and efficacy not suggested by in silico analysis (Sergio Morales and Bill Holben). 18. The impact of next-generation sequencing technologies on (meta)genomics (George Weinstock). 19. Accuracy and quality of massively parallel DNA pyrosequencing (Susan Huse and David Mark Welch). 20. Environmental shotgun sequencing: Its potential and challenges for studying the hidden world of microbes (Jonathan Eisen). 21. Comparison of random sequence reads versus 16S rDNA sequences for estimating the biodiversity of a metagenomic library (C. Manischan). 22. Metagenomic libraries for functional screeing (Svein Valla). 23. GC Fractionation Allows Comparative Total Microbial Community Analysis, Enhances Diversity Assessment, and Facilitates of Minority Populations of Bacteria (Bill Holben). 24. Enriching plant microbiota for a metagenomic library construction (Ying Zeng). 25. Towards Automated Phylogenomic Inference (Wu and Eisen). 26. Integron first gene cassettes: a target to find adaptive genes in metagenomes (Christine Cagnon). 27. High-resolution metagenomics: assessing specific functional types in complex microbial communities (Christoserdova). 28. Gene-targeted –metagenomics (GT-metagenomics) to explore the extensive diversity of genes of interest in microbial communities (J. Tiedje). 29. Phylogenetic screening of metagenomic libraries using homing endonuclease restriction and marker insertion (Torsten Thomas). 30. ArrayOme- & tRNAcc-facilitated mobilome discovery: comparative genomics approaches for identifying rich veins of novel bacterial DNA sequences (Hong-Yu OU). 31. Sequence-Based Characterization of Microbiomes by Serial Analysis of Ribosomal Sequence Tags (SARST) (Zhongtang Yu). Consortia and Databases. 32. The metagenomics of plant pathogen-suppressive soils (J.D. Van Elsas). 33. Soil Metagenomic Exploration of the Rare Biosphere (Pascal Simonet and Timothy Vogel). 34. The BIOSPAS consortium: Soil Biology and agricultural production (Luis Wall). 35. The Human Microbiome Project (George Weinstock). 36. The Ribosomal Database Project: sequences and Software for high-throughput rRNA analysis (J. R. Cole, G. M. Garrity and Jim Tiedje). 37. The metagenomics RAST server- a public resource for the automatic phylogenetic and functional analysis of metagenomes (Folker Meyer). 38. The EBI Metagenomics Archive, Integration and Analysis resource (Apweiler). Computer Assisted Analysis. 39. Comparative metagenome analysis using MEGAN (Suparna Mitra and Daniel Huson). 40. Phylogenetic binning of metagenome sequence samples (Alice C. McHardy). 41. Gene prediction in metagenomic fragments with Orphelia: A large scale machine learning approach (Katharina Hoff). 42. Binning metagenomic sequences using seeded GSOm (Sen-Lin Tang). 43. Iterative read mapping and assembly allows the use of a more distant reference in metagenomic assembly (Bas E. Dutilh). 44. Ribosomal RNA identification in metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets (Li). 45. SILVA: comprehensive databases for quality checked and aligned ribosomal RNA sequence data compatible with ARB (Frank Gloeckner). 46. ARB; a software environment for sequence data (Wolfgang Ludwig). 47. The Phyloware Project: A software framework for phylogenomic virtue (Daniel Frank). 48. Metasim- A sequencing simulator for genomics and metagenomics (Daniel Richter). 49. ClustScan: an integrated program package for the detection and semi-automatic annotation of secondary metabolite clusters in genomic and metagenomic DNA datasets (Daslav Hranueli). 50. MetaGene; Prediction of prokaryotic and phage genes in metagenomic sequences (Noguchi). 51. primers4clades, a web server to design lineage-specific PCR primers for gene-targeted metagenomics (Pablo Vinuesa). 52. A parsimony approach to biological pathway reconstruction/inference for genomes and metagenomes (Y. Ye). 53. ESPRIT: estimating species richness using large collections of 16S rRNA data (Yijun Sun). Complementary Approaches. 54. (Meta) genomics approaches in systems biology (Manuel Ferrer). 55. Towards “focused metagenomics”: a case study combining DNA stable-isotope probing, multiple displacement amplification and metagenomics (J. Colin Murrell). 56. Galbraith, E. A., D. A. Antonopoulos, K. E. Nelson, and B. A. White . Suppressive subtractive hybridization reveals extensive horizontal transfer in the rumen metagenome (Bryan White). Microarrays. 57. GeoChip: A high throughout metagenomics technology for dissecting microbial community functional structure (J. Zhou). 58. Phylogenetic microarrays (PhyloChips) for analysis of complex microbial communities (Eoin Brodie). 59. Phenomics and Phenotype MicroArrays: Applications Complementing Metagenomics (Barry Bochner). 60. Microbial persistence in low biomass, extreme environments: The great unknown (Kasthuri Venkateswaran). 61. Application of phylogenetic oligonucleotide microarrays in microbial analysis (Nian Wang). Metatranscriptomics. 62. Isolation of mRNA from environmental microbial communities for metatranscriptomic analyses (P. Schenk). 63. Comparative day/night metatrancriptomic analysis of microbial communities in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (Rachel Poretski). 64. The “double RNA” approach to simultaneously assess the structure and function of environmental microbial communities by meta-transcriptomics (Tim Urich and Christa Schleper). 65. Soil eukaryotic diversity, a metatranscriptomic approach (Marmeisse). Metaproteomics. 66. Proteomics for the analysis of environmental stress responses in prokaryotes (Mark Suter). 67. Microbial community proteomics (Paul Wilmes). 68. Synchronicity between population structure and proteome profiles: A metaproteomic analysis of Chesapeake Bay bacterial communities (Feng Chen). 69. High-Throughput Cyanobacterial Proteomics: Systems-level Proteome Identification and Quantitation (Phillip Wright). 70. Protein Expression Profile of an Environmentally Important Bacterial Strain: the Chromate Response of Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24 (K. Henne). Metabolomics. 71. The small molecule dimension: Mass spectrometry based metabolomics, enzyme assays, and imaging (Trent R. Northen). 72. Metabolomics: high resolution tools offer to follow bacterial growth on a molecular level (Lucio Marianna and Philipp Schmitt-Kopplin). 73. Metabolic profiling of plant tissues by electrospray mass spectrometry (Heather Walker). 74. Metabolite identification, pathways and omic integration using online databases and tools (Matthew Davey). Single cell analysis. 75. Application of cytomics to separate natural microbial communities by their physiological properties (Susann Müller). 76. Capturing microbial populations for environmental genomics (A. Pernthaler/Wendeberg). 77. Microscopic single-cell isolation and multiple displacement amplification of genomes from uncultured prokaryotes (Peter Westermann).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe premiere two-volume reference on revelations from studying complex microbial communities in many distinct habitats Metagenomics is an emerging field that has changed the way microbiologists study microorganisms. It involves the genomic analysis of microorganisms by extraction and cloning of DNA from a group of microorganisms, or the direct use of the purified DNA or RNA for sequencing, which allows scientists to bypass the usual protocol of isolating and culturing individual microbial species. This method is now used in laboratories across the globe to study microorganism diversity and for isolating novel medical and industrial compounds. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology is the first comprehensive two-volume reference to cover unculturable microorganisms in a large variety of habitats, which could not previously have been analyzed without metagenomic methodology. It features review articles as well as a large number of case studies, based largely on oTrade Review"Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II is an invaluable reference for researchers in metagenomics, microbial ecology, microbiology; those working on the Human Microbiome Project; microbial geneticists; and professionals in molecular microbiology and bioinformatics." (Bois et Forets des Tropiques, 2011)“Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II is an invaluable reference for researchers in metagenomics, microbial ecology, microbiology; those working on the Human Microbiome Project; microbial geneticists; and professionals in molecular microbiology and bioinformatics.” (Bois et Forets des Tropiques, 2011) Table of ContentsPreface xiii Contributors xv 1. Introduction 1 Frans J. de Bruijn Part 1 Viral Genomes 2. Viral Metagenomics 5 Shannon J. Williamson 3. Methods in Viral Metagenomics 15 Rebecca Vega Thurber 4. Metagenomic Contrasts of Viruses in Soil and Aquatic Environments 25 K. Eric Wommack, Sharath Srinivasiah, Mark R. Liles, Jaysheel Bhavsar, Shellie Bench, Kurt E. Williamson, and Shawn W. Polson 5. Biodiversity and Biogeography of Phages in Modern Stromatolites and Thrombolites 37 Christelle Desnues, Beltran Rodriguez-Brito, Steve Rayhawk, Scott Kelley, Tuong Tran, Matthew Haynes, Hong Liu, Mike Furlan, Linda Wegley, Betty Chau, Yijun Ruan, Dana Hall, Florent E. Angly, Robert A. Edwards, Linlin Li, Rebecca Vega Thurber, R. Pamela Reid, Janet Siefert, Valeria Souza, David L. Valentine, Brandon K. Swan, Mya Breitbart, and Forest Rohwer 6. Assembly of Viral Metagenomes from Yellowstone Hot Springs Reveals Phylogenetic Relationships and Host Co-Evolution 45 Thomas W. Schoenfeld and David Mead 7. Next-Generation Sequencing and Metagenomic Analysis: A Universal Diagnostic Tool in Plant Pathology 63 Ian P. Adams, Rachel H. Glover, Wendy A. Monger, Richard Thwaites, Rick Mumford, Elena Jackeviciene, Meletele Navalinskiene, Marija Samuitiene, and Neil Boonham 8. Direct Metagenomic Detection of Viral Pathogens in Human Specimens Using an Unbiased High-Throughput Sequencing Approach 73 Takaaki Nakaya, Shota Nakamura, Yoshiko Okamoto, Yoshiyuki Nagai, Jun Kawai, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, Tetsuya Iida, and Toshihiro Horii Part 2 The Soil Habitat 9. Soil-Based Metagenomics 83 Rolf Daniel 10. Methods in Metagenomic DNA, RNA, and Protein Isolation from Soil 93 T. Rajesh, J. Rajendhran, P. Lavanya Pushpam, and P. Gunasekaran 11. Soil Microbial DNA Purification Strategies for Multiple Metagenomic Applications 109 Larissa C. Parsley, Chengcang Wu, David Mead, Robert M. Goodman, and Mark R. Liles 12. Application of PCR-DGGE and MetagenomeWalking to Retrieve Full-Length Functional Genes from Soil 117 Sho Morimoto and Takeshi Fujii 13. Actinobacterial Diversity Associated with Antarctic Dry Valley Mineral Soils 125 Bronwyn M. Kirby, Marilize Le Roes-Hill, S. Craig Cary, Stephanie G. Burton, I. Marla Tuffin, and Don A. Cowan 14. Targeting Major Soil-Borne Bacterial Lineages Using Large-Insert Metagenomic Approaches 135 Anna M. Kielak and George A. Kowalchuk 15. Novelty and Uniqueness Patterns of Rare Members of the Soil Biosphere 143 Mostafa S. Elshahed and Noha H. Youssef 16. Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of a Soil Bacterial Community Illustrates Extreme Taxon Evenness and the Effects of Amplicon Length, Degree of Coverage, and DNA Fractionation on Classification and Ecological Parameters 151 Sergio E. Morales, Theodore F. Cosart, Jesse V. Johnson, and William E. Holben 17. The Antibiotic Resistome: Origins, Diversity, and Future Prospects 165 Erin L.Westman and Gerard D.Wright Part 3 The Digestive Tract 18. Functional Intestinal Metagenomics 177 Bartholomeus van den Bogert, Milkha M. Leimena, Willem M. de Vos, Erwin G. Zoetendal, and Michiel Kleerebezem 19. Assessment and Improvement of Methods for Microbial DNA Preparation from Fecal Samples 191 Mariko Ueno, Mami Kikuchi, Kenshiro Oshima, Seok-won Kim, Hidetoshi Morita, and Masahira Hattori 20. The Role of Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 199 Johan Dicksved and Ben Willing 21. Culture-Independent Analysis of the Human Gut Microbiota and their Activities 207 Jonathan Swann, Selena E. Richards, Qing Shen, Elaine Holmes, Julian R. Marchesi, and Kieran Tuohy 22. Complete Genome of an Uncultured Endosymbiont Coupling Nitrogen Fixation to Cellulolysis within Protist Cells in Termite Gut 221 Yuichi Hongoh 23. Cloning and Identification of Genes Encoding Acidic Cellulases from the Metagenomes of Buffalo Rumen 229 Cheng-Jie Duan, Jun-Liang Liu, and Jia-Xun Feng Part 4 Marines and Lakes 24. Microbial Diversity in the Deep Sea and the Underexplored “Rare Biosphere” 245 David B. Mark Welch and Susan M. Huse 25. Bacterial Community Structure and Dynamics in a Seasonally Anoxic Fjord: Saanich Inlet, British Columbia 253 David A. Walsh and Steven J. Hallam 26. Adaptation to Nutrient Availability in Marine Microorganisms by Gene Gain and Loss 269 Adam C. Martiny, Ying Huang, and Weizhong Li 27. Detection of Large Numbers of Novel Sequences in the Metatranscriptomes of Complex Marine Microbial Communities 277 Jack A. Gilbert, Dawn Field, Ying Huang, Robert A. Edwards, Weizhong Li, Paul Gilna, and Ian Joint 28. Metagenomic Approach Studying the Taxonomic and Functional Diversity of the Bacterial Community in a Lacustrine Ecosystem 287 Didier Debroas, Fran¸cois Enault, Isabelle Jouan-Dufournel, Gis`ele Bronner, and Jean-Fran¸cois Humbert 29. Metagenomics of the Marine Subsurface: The First Glimpse from the Peru Margin, ODP Site 1229 295 Jennifer F. Biddle 30. A Targeted Metagenomic Approach to Determine the “Population Genome” of Marine Synechococcus 301 Sophie Mazard, Martin Ostrowski, Laurence Garczarek, and David J. Scanlan 31. Diversity and Role of Bacterial Integron/Gene Cassette Metagenome in Extreme Marine Environments 309 Hosam Elsaied and Akihiko Maruyama Part 5 Other Habitats 32. The Olavius algarvensis Metagenome Revisited: Lessons Learned from the Analysis of the Low-Diversity Microbial Consortium of a Gutless Marine Worm 321 Manuel Kleiner, Tanja Woyke, Caroline Ruehland, and Nicole Dubilier 33. Microbiome Diversity in Human Saliva 335 Ivan Nasidze and Mark Stoneking 34. Approaches to Understanding Population Level Functional Diversity in a Microbial Community 341 Devaki Bhaya 35. A Functional Metagenomic Approach for Discovering Nickel Resistance Genes from the Rhizosphere of an Acid Mine Drainage Environment 355 Salvador Mirete, Carolina G. de Figueras, and Jose E. Gonz´alez-Pastor 36. The Microbiome of Leaf-Cutter Ant Fungus Gardens 367 Garret Suen, Jarrod J. Scott, Frank O. Aylward, and Cameron R. Currie 37. Diversity of Archaea in Terrestrial Hot Springs and Role in Ammonia Oxidation 381 Chuanlun L. Zhang, Brian P. Hedlund, and Jun Meng 38. Colonization of Nascent, Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents by a Novel Archaeal and Nanoarchaeal Assemblage 395 Thomas D. Niederberger, Elizabeth A. McCliment, and S. Craig Cary 39. Analysis of the Metagenome from a Biogas-Producing Microbial Community by Means of Bioinformatics Methods 403 Sebastian Jaenicke, Martha Zakrzewski, Sebastian J¨unemann, Alfred P¨uhler, Alexander Goesmann, and Andreas Schl¨uter 40. Amplicon Pyrosequencing Analysis of Endosymbiont Population Structure 415 Frank J. Stewart and Colleen M. Cavanaugh 41. Investigating Bacterial Diversity Along Alkaline Hot-Spring Thermal Gradients by Barcoded Pyrosequencing 423 Scott R. Miller and Michael Weltzer 42. Genetic Characterization of Microbial Communities Living at the Surface of Building Stones 429 Ma¨ıt´e Berdoulay and Jean-Claude Salvado Part 6 Biodegradation 43. Novel Aromatic Degradation Pathway Genes and their Organization as Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis 439 Kentaro Miyazaki 44. Functional Screening a Wide Host-Range Metagenomic Library from a Wastewater Treatment Plant Yields a Novel Alcohol/Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 451 Margaret Wexler, Philip L. Bond, David J. Richardson, and Andrew W. B. Johnston 45. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation Genes from Chronically Polluted Subantarctic Marine Sediments 461 Hebe M. Dionisi, Mariana Lozada, Magal´ı S. Marcos, Walter D. Di Marzio, and Claudia L. Loviso 46. Isolation and Characterization of Alkane Hydroxylases from a Metagenomic Library of Pacific Deep-Sea Sediment 475 Fengping Wang, Meixiang Xu, and Xiang Xiao Part 7 Biocatalysts and Natural Products 47. Emerging Fields in Functional Metagenomics and Its Industrial Relevance: Overcoming Limitations and Redirecting the Search for Novel Biocatalysts 483 Mirjam Perner, Nele Ilmberger, Hans Ulrich K¨ohler, Jennifer Chow, and Wolfgang R. Streit 48. Carboxylesterases and Lipases from Metagenomes 499 Jennifer Chow, Ulrich Krauss, Karl-Erich Jaeger, and Wolfgang R. Streit 49. Expanding Small-Molecule Functional Metagenomics through Parallel Screening of Broad Host-Range Cosmid Environmental DNA Libraries in Diverse Proteobacteria 507 Jeffrey W. Craig and Sean F. Brady 50. Biomedicinals from the Microbial Metagenomes of Marine Invertebrates 517 Walter C. Dunlap, Paul F. Long, and Marcel Jaspars 51. Molecular Characterization of TEM-Type Beta-Lactamases Identified in Cold-Seep Sediments of Edison Seamount (South of Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea) 545 Sang Hee Lee and Jung-Hyun Lee 52. Identification of Novel Bioactive Compounds from the Metagenome of the Marine Sponge Haliclona simulans 553 David P. H. Lejon, Jonathan Kennedy, and Alan D. W. Dobson 53. Functional Viral Metagenomics and the Development of New Enzymes for DNA and RNA Amplification and Sequencing 563 Thomas W. Schoenfeld, Nick Hermersmann, Mike Moser, Darby Renneckar, Vinay Dhodda, and David Mead Part 8 Summary 54. Metagenomics: The Paths Forward 581 C. Titus Brown and James M. Tiedje 55. Darwin in the Twenty-First Century: Natural Selection, Molecular Biology, and Species Concepts 589 Francisco J. Ayala Index 597

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second edition provides an accessible introduction to the many diverse aspects of this subject. The book unites theory with examples from a wide range of taxa in a logical and progressive manner, and its straightforward writing style makes subjects such as population genetics and phylogenetics highly comprehensible to its readers.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1 Molecular Genetics in Ecology. What is molecular ecology? The emergence of molecular ecology. Protein allozymes. Allozymes as genetic markers. An unlimited source of data. Mutation and recombination. Is genetic variation adaptive? Polymerase chain reaction. Getting data from PCR. Quantitative PCR. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Review questions. 2 Molecular Markers in Ecology. Understanding molecular markers. Modes of Inheritance. Nuclear versus organelle. Haploid chromosomes. Identifying hybrids. Uniparental markers: A cautionary note Molecular markers. Co-dominant markers. Dominant markers. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Online activities. Review questions. 3 Genetic Analysis of Single Populations. Why Study Single Populations? What is a population? Quantifying genetic diversity. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Estimates of genetic diversity. Haploid diversity. Choice of marker. What Influences Genetic Diversity? Genetic drift. What is effective population size? Quantifying census population size. Quantifying effective population size. Demographic influences on Ne. Ne, genetic drift and genetic diversity. Population bottlenecks. Founder effects and invasive species. Natural selection. The major histocompatibility complex. Reproduction. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Online activities. Review questions. 4 Genetic Analysis of Multiple Populations. Why study multiple populations? Quantifying Population Subdivision. Genetic distance. F-statistics. Interpreting FST. Non-a priori identification of populations. Quantifying Gene Flow. Direct methods. Indirect methods. Assignment tests. What Influences Gene Flow? Barriers to dispersal. Landscape genetics. Metapopulations. Interspecific interactions. Hybridization. Population differentiation: genetic drift and natural selection. Gene flow and genetic drift. Gene flow and local adaptation. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Online activities. Review questions. 5 Studying Ecologically Important Traits: Ecogenomics, QTL Analysis, and Reverse Genetics. Studying ecologically important traits. cDNA libraries and ESTs. Microarrays. How do microarrays work? Probes. Verifying differences in gene expression. Microarray applications. Microarrays and community ecology of microorganisms. Microorganism functions. Microarrays and genotyping. Connecting genotype to phenotype. Reverse genetics. QTL analysis. Linkage mapping. QTL mapping. QTL mapping of ecologically important traits. Overview. Chapter Summary. Useful Websites and Software. Further Reading. Review Questions. 6 Phylogeography. What is Phylogeography? Molecular markers in phylogeography. Organelle versus nuclear markers. Repetitive versus non-repetitive markers. Molecular clocks. Bifurcating trees. The coalescent. Applying the coalescent. Networks. Nested Clade Phylogeographic Amalysis and statistical phylogeography. The distributions of genetic lineages. Subdivided populations. Dispersal and vicariance. Comparative phylogeography. Regional concordance. Continental concordance. European post-glacial recolonization routes. Dispersal and invasive species. Allele sharing between species. Lineage sorting. Hybridization. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Online activities. Review questions. 7 Behavioural Ecology. Why use molecules to study behaviour? Mating systems. Parentage analysis. Extra-pair fertilizations. Social breeding. Social insects. Manipulating sex ratios. Sex ratio conflicts. Sex-biased dispersal. Nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Relatedness. FST values. Assignment tests. Spatial autocorrelation. Concordant results. Predators and prey. Identifying prey. Predation and conservation. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further reading. Online activities. Review questions. 8 Conservation Genetics. The need for conservation. Taxonomy. Species concepts. DNA barcoding. Subspecies. Conservation units. Hybrids. Population size, genetic diversity and inbreeding. Inbreeding depression. Heterozygosity fitness correlations. Self-fertilization. Inbreeding avoidance Outbreeding depression. Translocations. Genetic rescue. Source populations. Restoration genetics. Captive breeding. Maximizing genetic diversity. Captive inbreeding and outbreeding. Genetic diversity banks. Overview. Chapter summary. Useful websites and software. Further Reading. Online activities. Review questions. Glossary. Answers to Review Questions. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhloem: Molecular Cell Biology, Systemic Communication, Biotic Interactionsis a timely collection of research on the cellular and molecular biology of this plant vascular tissue. Recent advances in phloem research have revealed the centrality of this plant tissue to whole plant development and physiology. Building on advances made through developments of new analytical technologies, this book will provide readers with a current and comprehensive reference on the role of phloem in plant growth and development. Collecting the work of a global team of leading researchers,Phloem will provide the reader with a valuable synthesis of the latest research in a single volume.Table of ContentsContributors vii Section A Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Phloem, the Integrative Avenue 3 Aart J.E. van Bel and Gary A. Thompson Chapter 2 Cell Biology of Sieve Element–Companion Cell Complexes 8 Rosemary G. White Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Phloem Transport Physiology 30 John W. Patrick Section B Functional Aspects of Structural SE Components 61 Chapter 4 Roles of Plasma Membrane Transporters in Phloem Functions 63 Mechthild Tegeder, Yong-Ling Ruan, and John W. Patrick Chapter 5 Regulation of Sucrose Carrier Activities 102 Christina K¨uhn Chapter 6 Cellular Basis of Electrical Potential Waves along the Phloem and Impact of Coincident Ca2+ Fluxes 122 Jens B. Hafke and Aart J.E. van Bel Chapter 7 Sieve Element Occlusion 141 Michael Knoblauch and Daniel Mullendore Section C Long-Distance Signaling 155 Chapter 8 Sieve Elements: Puzzling Activities Deciphered through Proteomics Studies 157 Sylvie Dinant and William J. Lucas Chapter 9 Endogenous RNA Constituents of the Phloem and Their Possible Roles in Long-Distance Signaling 186 Julia Kehr and Anja Buhtz Chapter 10 The Effect of Long-Distance Signaling on Development 209 David J. Hannapel Chapter 11 Plant Defense and Long-Distance Signaling in the Phloem 227 Frank Gaupels and A. Corina Vlot Section D Biotic Interactions with the Phloem 249 Chapter 12 Role of Phloem Metabolites in Plant Defense 251 Jillian M. Hagel, Akpevwe Onoyovwi, Edward C. Yeung, and Peter J. Facchini Chapter 13 Viroids and Phloem-Limited Viruses: Unique Molecular Probes of Phloem Biology 271 Lucy R. Stewart, Biao Ding, and Bryce W. Falk Chapter 14 Phytoplasmas and Spiroplasmas: The Phytopathogenic Mollicutes of the Phloem 293 Allyson M. MacLean and Saskia A. Hogenhout Chapter 15 Breaching the Sieve Element—The Role of Saliva as the Molecular Interface between Aphids and the Phloem 310 Torsten Will, James C. Carolan, and Thomas L. Wilkinson Chapter 16 Behavioral and Molecular-Genetic Basis of Resistance against Phloem-Feeding Insects 328 Linda L. Walling and Gary A. Thompson Index 353 A color page section appears between pages 40 and 41

Read more less

Book SynopsisMolecular Markers in Plants surveys an array of technologies used in the molecular analysis of plants. The role molecular markers play in plant improvement has grown significantly as DNA sequencing and high-throughput technologies have matured.Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xiii 1 Evolution of DNA Marker Technology in Plants 3Robert J. Henry Introduction 4 Early Marker Technologies 4 Evolving Range of Applications of DNA Markers in Plants 12 Applications 13 Future Developments 15 References 15 2 Whole-Genome Sequencing for Marker Discovery 21Mark Edwards Sequencing Strategies 22 Sequencing Technologies 23 Epigenetic Markers 31 Genome-Wide Selection 32 Data Analysis Resources 32 References 33 Color plate section located between pages 34 and 35. 3 Amplicon Sequencing for Marker Discovery 35Timothy R. Sexton and Frances M. Shapter Introduction 36 Background 36 Maximizing Efficiency Through Sample Pooling 38 Limitations of Amplicon-Based MPS 44 Bioinformatics 51 Concluding Remarks 52 Acknowledgments 52 References 53 4 Transcriptome Sequencing for Marker Discovery 57Susan Gillies Introduction 58 Basic Approach 58 Conclusions 64 References 64 5 Molecular Markers in Plant Improvement 67Peter J. Prentis, Edward K. Gilding, Ana Pavasovic, Celine H. Frere, and Ian D. Godwin Introduction 68 Plant Domestication and Traditional Breeding 68 Application of Molecular Markers to Breeding 70 Next-Generation Approaches to QTL Discovery 75 Conclusion 77 References 78 6 Applications of Molecular Markers in Plant Conservation 81Maurizio Rossetto and Paul D. Rymer Introduction 82 Traditional Approaches 86 The Way Forward 91 Conclusion 95 References 96 7 Molecular Markers for Plant Biosecurity 99Andrew D.W. Geering Introduction 100 The Present—PCR for Specific Diagnosis and for DNA Barcoding 101 The Future—Next-Generation Sequencing Methods to Revolutionize Plant Quarantine Diagnostics 105 Conclusions 110 Acknowledgments 111 References 111 8 Molecular Markers for Harnessing Heterosis 119Gopala S. Krishnan, A.K. Singh, Daniel L.E.Waters, and Robert J. Henry Introduction 120 Molecular Markers for Understanding the Genetic Basis of Heterosis 122 Molecular Diversity and Heterosis—Molecular Markers for Predicting Heterosis 123 Conclusion 131 References 132 9 Genetic Variant Discovery and Its Use in Genome Characterization of Agronomically Important Crop Species 137Stephane Deschamps and Matthew A. Campbell Introduction 138 Sanger Resequencing 140 Single Feature Polymorphisms 140 Next-Generation Sequencing 143 High-Density Genotyping using the Illumina Golden Gate Platform 153 Genotyping by Sequencing 155 Genome Characterization and Haplotypes 157 Conclusions and Perspectives 159 References 160 10 Future Prospects of Molecular Markers in Plants 169Reyazul R. Mir and Rajeev K. Varshney Introduction 170 Molecular Markers: The Past 172 Molecular Markers: The Present 173 Molecular Markers: The Future 175 Novel Approaches or Platforms for Plant Breeding 180 Conclusions 183 Acknowledgments 184 References 184 Index 191

Read more less

Book SynopsisProtein kinases play a critical role in cellular processes that impact overall organismal health and function. Of the kinases that collectively make up the Human Kinome, CK2 has garnered special attention because of its significant role in the generation of the human phosphoproteome. The role CK2 plays in the development of cancer and other disease has also made it of significant interest for its potential role in future therapeutics. Protein Kinase CK2 comprehensively brings together the varied work being done on this critical enzyme. Protein Kinase CK2 is logically divided into three sections. The first section reviews key molecular and structural aspects of the enzyme. The second section looks at functional aspects of CK2 and the diverse roles it plays in cellular development, function, and health. The final section focuses on CK2 and cancer, looking at the impacts of the kinase on neoplastic development and its rapidly developing role as a therapeutic agent.Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xv Part 1 Molecular and Structural Aspects 1 1 Structural Bases of Protein Kinase CK2 Function and Inhibition 3 Karsten Niefind and Roberto Battistutta Introduction 3 Basic Structure/Function Relationships of CK2 8 CK2 Inhibitors 37 Conclusions and Outlook 60 Acknowledgments 61 2 The Interactome of Protein Kinase CK2 76 Mathias Montenarh and Claudia Götz Introduction 76 From the Outside to the Inside: Interaction of CK2 with Membrane Proteins 78 Regulating Gene Expression: Interaction of CK2 with Components of Signaling Cascades, Transcription Factors and DNA Modifying Enzymes 82 Mastering Nucleic Acid Functions: Interaction of CK2 with Proteins of the Replication, Transcription, and Translation Machinery of the Cell 87 Let It Roll: Interaction of CK2 with Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins 90 Guardian Angels: Interaction of CK2 with Proteins That Maintain the Cellular Integrity 93 Live and Let Die: Interaction of CK2 with Proteins of the Apoptotic Pathway 96 Highways in the Cell: Interaction of CK2 with the Cytoskeleton and Motor Proteins 96 Collaborating with the Enemy: Interaction of CK2 with Proteins Implicated in Viral Infections 98 Last But Not Least: Miscellaneous 99 Concluding Remarks 101 3 CK2 Contribution to the Generation of the Human Phosphoproteome 117 Luca Cesaro and Mauro Salvi Kinases Contribution to the Human Phosphoproteome 117 CK2 Substrate Specificity 118 Subphosphoproteomes of Proteins with Specific Functions 122 Subphosphoproteomes of Cellular Compartments 123 Absolute Quantification of Yeast Phosphoproteome Reflects the Constitutive Activity of CK2 125 Conclusions 125 Acknowledgments 126 Part 2 Functional Aspects 129 4 CK2 in Embryonic Development 131 Laura Macias Alvarez, Jesus Revuelta-Cervantes, and Isabel Dominguez CK2 in Yeast Biology 131 CK2 in Invertebrate Development 135 CK2 in Vertebrate Development 139 CK2 in Plant Development 148 CK2 in Animal Developmental Signaling Pathways 149 Discussion 155 Outlook 157 Acknowledgments 158 5 Protein Kinase CK2: At the Crossroads of Pathways Controlling Cell Proliferation and Survival 169 Michelle Gabriel and David W. Litchfield General Introduction 169 Protein Kinase CK2 170 CK2 in Cancer 171 Involvement of CK2 in Signaling Pathways Controlling Proliferation and Death 172 Concluding Remarks 182 Acknowledgments 183 6 The Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in the p53 Response 190 David W. Meek Protein Kinase CK2 190 The p53 Network 191 The Interaction Between p53 and CK2 192 Regulation of p53 by Phosphorylation of Ser392 193 Proposed Mechanism for Regulation of p53 Phosphorylation at Ser392 (the “CK2” Site) 194 Phosphorylation of p53 by CK2 in a Physiological Context? 196 A Broader Role for CK2 in Regulating the p53 Network? 197 7 The Pivotal Role of CK2 in the Kinome-Targeting Hsp90 Chaperone Machinery 205 Yoshihiko Miyata Protein Kinase CK2 205 Hsp90: A Major Molecular Chaperone 206 Co-Chaperones That Regulate Hsp90 Function 208 Hsp90 and Signaling Protein Kinases 212 Phosphorylation and the Regulation of Hsp90 by CK2 217 Phosphorylation of Cdc37 by CK2 218 A Crucial Role of CK2-Dependent Phosphorylation in the Functional Regulation of Cdc37 220 Regulation of the Cdc37 Phosphorylation Cycle 220 Regulatory Phosphorylation of FKBP52 by CK2 223 Phosphorylation of p23 by CK2 224 Targeting the CK2-Cdc37-Hsp90 Trinity for Cancer Chemotherapy 224 Conclusion 227 8 CK2: A Global Regulator of Cell Survival 239 Barbara Guerra and Olaf-Georg Issinger CK2 and Cell Survival: Strategies, Methods, and Techniques for Exploring Its Role 239 CK2 and Cellular Death 244 Role of CK2 in DNA Damage 246 Role of the Individual CK2 Subunits in Cell Survival 248 CK2 Status in Non-neoplastic Cells 250 CK2 Activity and Expression in Neoplasia 252 CK2 in Heterotransplanted Tumors in Nude Mice 252 CK2 Holoenzyme and Its Subunits 253 Tumor Hypoxia 255 Conclusion 257 9 Specific Features of Plant CK2 267 Marta Riera, Isabel Cristina Vélez-Bermúdez, Tommaso Legnaioli, and Montserrat Pagès Introduction 267 CK2α Catalytic Subunits 268 CK2β Regulatory Subunits 274 CK2 Holoenzyme 276 Physiological Role of CK2 in Plants 279 Part 3 Ck2 And Neoplasia 291 10 The Oncogenic Potential of CK2 293 David C. Seldin and Esther Landesman-Bollag Introduction 293 CK2 Overexpression in Human Cancer 294 CK2 Is Overexpressed in Animal Models of Cancer 297 CK2 Overexpression in Transgenic Mice Leads to Cancer 297 Possible Targets of CK2 in Cancer: Wnt, NF-κB, and PI3-Kinase Pathways 298 Conclusions 301 Acknowledgments 301 11 Addiction of Cancer Cells to CK2: Survival at All Costs or Achilles’ Heel? 305 Maria Ruzzene Many Substrates, One Major Role 305 A Lateral Player 308 “More Necessary” for Some Cells 310 To Survive at All Costs 310 A Novel Achilles’ Heel of Cancer Cells 311 The Right Weapons 312 Acknowledgments 313 12 CK2 Suppression of Apoptosis and Its Implication in Cancer Biology and Therapy 319 Janeen H. Trembley, JingJiang Wu, Gretchen M. Unger, Betsy T. Kren, and Khalil Ahmed Introduction 319 CK2 Dynamics in Cell Growth and Cell Death 320 CK2 and Hallmarks of Cancer 323 CK2 as Target of Cancer Therapy 329 Acknowledgments 333 13 Protein Kinase CK2 in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis 344 Francesco Piazza Hematopoiesis and Blood Tumors: General Concepts 344 CK2 Role in Mouse Embryonic Development: Insights into CK2 Involvement in Blood Development 345 CK2-Directed Regulation of Hematopoiesis-Associated Molecules and Signal Transduction Pathways 346 Role of CK2 in Hematologic Malignancies 351 CK2 in Blood Tumors Arising from Lymphocytes 352 CK2 in Blood Tumors Arising from Myeloid Cells 353 Conclusions 355 14 Role of CK2 in the Control of Cell Plasticity in Breast Carcinoma Progression 363 Odile Filhol, Alexandre Deshiere, and Claude Cochet Introduction 363 Dysregulation of CK2 in Mammary Tumorigenesis 364 CK2 as a Guardian of Epithelial Cell Integrity 364 Unbalanced Expression of CK2 Subunits Is Correlated with Hypoxia and EMT-Related Markers 366 CK2β Subunit Silencing Induces EMT-Like Morphological Changes 367 Gene Expression Profiling 373 CK2β Silencing Triggers Snail1 Induction 373 Overexpression of SIX1 in CK2β-Depleted Cells 374 Conclusions 375 Acknowledgments 377 15 CK2 as a Logical Target in Cancer Therapy: Potential for Combining CK2 Inhibitors with Various Classes of Cancer Therapeutic Agents 383 Denis Drygin Introduction 384 Suppression of Apoptosis 385 PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signaling 390 Promotion of Angiogenesis 393 Hsp90 Machinery 395 NF-κB Transcription 399 Wnt Signaling 402 Epithelial-Mesynchemal Transition 405 DNA Damage Repair 405 Other Pathways 409 Concluding Remarks 411 Acknowledgments 411 Appendix: Ck2 And Its False Sisters: The Recent Solution Of A Very “Cold Case” 440 Index 442

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides both general methods and safety considerations for the immortalization of cells and specific procedures for the immortalization of mammary, kidney, and thyroid epithelia, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, lymphocytes, astrocytes, and human umbilical vein endothelium.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Human Keratinocyte Immortalization: Genetic Basis and Role inSquamous Cell Carcinoma Development (E. Parkinson). Safety Procedures (J. Caputo). Mapping Human Senescence Genes Using Interspecific MonochromosomeTransfer (R. Newbold & A. Cuthbert). Development of Immortal Human Fibroblast Cell Lines (L. Mayne, etal.). Immortalization of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (R. De Silva,et al.). Thyroid Epithelium (D. Wynford-Thomas). B-Lymphocytes (B. Bolton & N. Spurr). Megakaryocyte Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice (K. Ravid). List of Suppliers. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA foundation for quantitative perspectives and a framework for interpreting experimental observations. Researchers in the life sciences who are unaware of the origins of the fundamental concepts and theoretical constructs in ligand-receptor energetics may fail to recognize the hidden assumptions and premises in their interpretations of observed phenomena. This book offers a detailed exposition of these fundamentals and of the treatment of multiple equilibria in successive steps of the binding of ligands to receptors. It also describes the calculations and meanings of energetic quantities for ligand-receptor complexes. Ligand-Receptor Energetics is the only book on this topic that is both accessible to beginners and extremely useful for experienced investigators. It features numerous specific examples; tables of literature results; extensive, up-to-date thermodynamic data; graphical representations of ligand bonding concepts; and four helpful appendices. Topics coveredTable of ContentsNumber of Liganded Molecules. Affinities: From a Site Perspective. Affinities: From a Stoichiometric Perspective. Affinities: From a Ghost-Site Perspective. Facts and Fantasies from Graphical Analyses. Numerical Evaluations of Stoichiometric Binding Constants. Affinity Profiles. Thermodynamic Perspectives. Forces of Interaction. Molecular Scenarios. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA two-semester text for advanced undergraduate chemistry The Introduction to Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics + Advanced Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics: 2 Volume Set provides complete guidance throughout a two-semester course. Beginning with molecular reaction dynamics and chemical kinetics, each book breaks complex theory into easily-comprehended concepts. Solved exercises provide clear examples for calculations, bonding, predictions, and other physical phenomenon, while challenging problem sets allow students to gauge their levels of understanding and revisit difficult topics along the way.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Interaction Potentials. Relative Motion. Collisional Approach. Partition Functions. Transition State Theory. Generalized Transition State Theory. Theory for Unimolecular Reactions. Classical Dynamics. Nonadiabatic Transitions. Surface Kinetics. Chemical Reactions in Solution. Energetic Aspects of Solvent Effects on Solutes. Models for Chemical Reactions in Solution. Kramers' Theory. The Classical Model of Electron Transfer Reactions in Solution. Appendices. Index. Advanced Molecular Dynamics and Chemical Kinetics Second Quantization. Effective Hamiltonian Approaches. Semiclassical Theories. Wavepacket Propagation. Potential Energy Surfaces. The Reaction Path Method. Variational Transition State Theory. Quantum Theory for Rate Constants. Statistical and Phase Space Methods. Photodissociation. Density Operators. Evolution of a Total System. Nonequilibrium Solvation. Molecular Properties of Solvated Molecules. Magnetic Properties of Solvated Molecules. Quantum Model for Electron Transfer. Electron Transfer Coupling Elements. Electron Transfer Reactions Coupled to a Quantum Mechanical Radiation Field. Proton Transfer Reactions in Solution. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEnzymes are the primary catalysts of life processes. This book covers the latest advances in enzymology, explaining the behaviour of enzymes and how they can be utilized to develop novel drugs, synthesize known and novel compounds, and understand evolutionary processes.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Abstracts. Molecular Paleoscience: Systems Biology from the Past (Steven A. Benner, Slim O. Sassi, and Eric A. Gaucher). A Structure-Centric View of Protein Evolution, Design, and Adaptation (Eric J. Deeds and Eugene I. Shakhnovich). Mechanisms of Protein Evolution and Their Application to Protein Engineering (Margaret E. Glasner, John A. Gerlt, and Patricia C. Babbitt). Novel Enzymes Through Design and Evolution (Kenneth J. Woycechowsky, Katherina Vamvaca, and Donald Hilvert). Author Index. Subject Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs genomic science and potential gene therapies continue to develop, the detection of mutations plays an increasingly central role in diverse areas of biology. With innumerable detection techniques available spanning multiple disciplines, the choice of the best method for a particular study can prove exceedingly difficult.Trade Review"…a useful tool…" (American Journal of Human Genetics, August 2005) “…an honest attempt to assemble useful and practical information within this book.” (ChemBioChem, 2005; Vol.6; 6)Table of ContentsPreface. PART I: REVIEWS. 1. Genotype to Phenotype (Sue Malcolm). 2. Frequency and Nature of Mutations and the Methods to Detect Them (Mireille Claustres). 3. A Full-Coverage, High-Resolution Human Chromosome 22 Microarray for Clinical and Research Applications (Jan P. Dumanski and Patrick G. Buckley). 4. Detection of Large Heterozygous Deletions and Duplications (Mario Tosi). 5. Principles of Mutation Scanning by DHPLC (John F. Harvey). 6. Enzymatic and Chemical Cleavage Methods (Richard G. H. Cotton). 7. Quality in Mutation Detection (David E. Barton). 8. Comparison of Scanning Methods for BRCA1 Mutation Analysis (Norbert Arnold). 9. MeltMADGE: Economical Very High-Throughput Mutation Scanning Using Thermal Ramp Electrophoresis in Conjunction with MADGE (Microplate Array) Gels (Ian N. M. Day, Mohammed A. Aldahmesh, Lema Haddad, Khalid K. Alharbi, Xiao-he Chen, Hamid Rassoulian, Steve E. Humphries, Emmanuel Spanakis, and Diana Eccles). 10. High-Throughput SNP Genotyping by Minisequencing Primer Extension Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays (Katarina Lindroos, Ulrika Liljedahl, Snaevar Sigurdsson, and Ann-Christine Syvänen). 11. Mutation Databases (Rania Horaitis and Richard G. H. Cotton). 12. Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Genotyping (Ivo Glynne Gut). 13. Locus-Specific Mutation Databases and Nomenclature Annex (Christophe Beroud). PART II: METHODS. 14. Extraction of Nucleic Acids (Graham R. Taylor). 15. Polymerase Chain Reaction and ARMS (Mark D. Robinson and Graham R. Taylor). 16. Minisequencing and Capillary Electrophoresis (Darren Cuthbert-Heavens). 17. SNP Genotyping Using Tag-Array Minisequencing (Snaevar Sigurdsson and Ann-Christine Syvänen). 18. Dynamic Allele-Specific Hybridization (Darren Cuthbert-Heavens). 19. Fluorescence Polarization SNP Detection (PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Inc.). 20. Pyrosequencing (Pyrosequencing AB). 21. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) by Electronic Hybridization (Nanogen). 22. Manual SSCP and Heteroduplex Analysis Gels (Mark D. Robinson). 23. Fluorescent SSCP: Slab Gels and Capillary Electrophoresis (Lucy Jenkins and Ruth Charlton). 24. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (Gert de Voss). 25. Protein Truncation Test (Mark D. Robinson). 26. DHPLC (Claire F. Taylor). 27. Temperature-Gradient Capillary Electrophoresis (Spectrumedix Corp.). 28. Chemical Cleavage of Mismatch and Enzyme Mismatch Cleavage (Richard G. H. Cotton). 29. Automated Dye Terminator Sequencing (Ruth Charlton). 30. Mutation Detection with the Staden Package (James Bonfield and David Judge). 31. Gene Dosage by Semiquantitative PCR (Kim Flintoff). 32. Gene Dosage by Multiplex Amplifiable Probe Hybridization (David Cockburn and Helen Snowden). 33. Gene Dosage by Multiplex Ligatable Probe Amplification (Jan Schouten and Ruth Charlton). 34. Array CGH (Jan P. Dumanski and Patrick G. Buckley). 35. Microplate Array Diagonal Gel Electrophoresis (MADGE) (Ian N. M. Day). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRecent advances in molecular and cell biology enabling the cloning, expression, and mutagenesis of signal transduction proteins has prompted an explosion of knowledge in the field of receptor regulation, facilitating the discovery of new classes of regulatory proteins, and providing a basis and means for manipulating receptor function through multiple intracellular targets. This volume covers methods used to examine how the function(s) of receptors are regulated. Understanding how to regulate the function and expression of these receptors is critical in determining how to modify receptors and to translocating receptors away from the cell surface and its recycling. Individual chapters focus on specific techniques used to characterize receptors (epitope tagging, measurement and analysis of receptor phosphorylation, analysis of the kinetics of receptor desensitization, and assessment of receptor/G protein coupling); the role of regulatory proteins (receptor kinases and pTable of ContentsTECHNIQUES FOR CHARACTERIZING RECEPTOR FUNCTION. Epitope Tagging and Detection Methods for Receptor Identification (U. Klein & M. von Zastrow). Measurement of Receptor Phosphorylation in Situ (M. Bouvier, et al.). Reconstitution and in vitro Phosphorylation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (J. Ptasienski & M. Hosey). Identification of Residues that are Phosphorylated within a Receptor (K. Palczewski, et al.). Palmitoylation of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (H. Jin, et al.). Assays for Measuring Receptor/G Protein Coupling (Q. Li & R. Cerione). PROTEINS THAT REGULATE RECEPTOR FUNCTION. Expression and Activity of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases (R. Loudon, et al.). Characterization of Arrestin Expression and Function (V. Gurevich, et al.). The G Protein-Coupled Receptor Phosphatase (J. Pitcher & R. Lefkowitz). REGULATION OF RECEPTOR TRAFFICKING AND EXPRESSION. Radioligand Binding Assays for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Internalization (M. Toews). Characterization of Receptor Sequestration by Immunofluorescent Microscopy (F. Santini & J. Keen). Characterization of Receptor Trafficking Using Green Fluorescent Protein (N. Tarasova, et al.). The Analysis of Post-Transciptional Regulation of the Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (B. Tholanikunnel & C. Malbon). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhile many books on medical instrumentation only cover hospital instrumentation, this comprehensive book also encompasses measurements in the growing fields of molecular biology and biotechnology, including applications such as cell engineering, tissue engineering, and biomaterials.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Measurement Systems (Kevin Hugo). 2. Basic Concepts of Electronics (Hong Cao). 3. Analysis of Molecules in Clinical Medicine (Mat Klein). 4. Surface Characterization in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (Jorge E. Monzon). 5. Hematology (Susanne Clark Cazzanti). 6. Cellular Measurements in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (Jeffrey S. Schowalter). 7. Nervous Systems (Jang-Zern Tsai). 8. Heart and Circulation (Supan Tungjitkusolmun). 9. Lung, Kidney, Bone, and Skin (Shilpa Sawale). 10. Body Temperature, Heat, Fat, and Movement (Chao-Min Wu). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Harvey Society was founded in 1905 by thirteen New York scientists and physicians with the purpose of forging a closer relationship between the purely practical side of medicine and the results of laboratory investigation. The Society distributes scientific knowledge in selected areas of anatomy, physiology, pathology, bacteriology, pharmacology, and physiological and pathological chemistry through public lectures, which are published annually. Series 94, 1998-1999 covers themes in neurogenetic studies, the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in cell growth and disease, the biology of the epidermis and its appendages, and the phenotypic diversity of monogenic disease.Table of ContentsThe Phenotypic Diversity of Monogenic Disease: Lessons from the Thalassemias (D. Weatherall). Humble Starts and Conserved Themes in Neurogenetic Studies (Y. Jan & L. Jan). Beauty is Skin Deep: The Fascinating Biology of the Epidermis and Its Appendages (E. Fuchs). The Final Step in Gene Expression: Caperonin Assisted Protein Folding (P. Sigler). The Role of Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Cell Growth and Disease (T. Hunter). Visualizing Antigen Recognition (M. Davis). Lessons from the Immune System: From Catalsis to Materials (P. Schultz). Former Officers of the Harvey Society. Cumulative Author Index. Active Members.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive chronic airflow obstruction, is the most common respiratory disorder of adults in the developed world and is the fourth main cause of death in the US. COPD has received little attention compared with other respiratory diseases such as asthma and lung cancer.Trade Review"The panel of speakers included some of the most distinguished scientists and physicians working in the field of COPD." (Biochemie, No. 83, 2001)Table of ContentsOverview of the pathology/pathogenesis Overview of current therapies Genetics Mucus hypersecretion in COPD Mechanisms of exacerbation Epithelial and mesenchymal cells Macrophage control of inflammation: negative pathways of regulation of inflammatory cytokines Neutrophils Lymphocytes Oxidants/antioxidants Proteases and anti-proteases - I Proteases and anti-proteases - II Alveolus formation: critical period, plasticity and retinoid regulation Systemic effects of COPD Potential novel therapies for COPD

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe articles contained in this volume should aid research workers, teachers and writers of textbooks on biochemistry. They aim to provide reviews of the progress made in the various branches of enzymology.Table of ContentsChemical and Genetic Probes of the Active Site ofD-Ribulose-1,5-Bifphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase: A RetrospectiveBased on the Three-Dimensional Structure (F. Hartman & M.Harpel). Phenylalanine Hydroxylating System (S. Kaufman). Post-Translational Modification of Proteins (R. Krishna & F.Wold). The Role of Metal Clusters and MgATP in Nitrogenase Catalysis (L.Mortenson, et al.). Myristoyl CoA: Protein N-Myristoyl-Transferase (D. Rudnick, etal.). Development of Enzyme-Based Methods for DNA Sequence Analysis andTheir Applications in the Genome Projects (R. Wu). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn response to the expansion of knowledge in biochemistry and molecular biology, the Second Edition of this reference has been completely revised and updated, with approximately 16,000 new entries. Names of specific compounds and other substances have been substantially enlarged, and definitions have been expanded for clarity and precision. Information is drawn from over 500 books and 1,000 articles, including recommendations of the Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and the International Union of Biochemistry. Terms used by biochemists from a broad range of sciences, such as chemistry, immunology, genetics, virology, biophysics, and microbiology, are included. Abbreviations, both standard and nonstandard, are also provided, as well as cross-referenced synonymous expressions.

Read more less

Book SynopsisQuantitative Molecular Pharmacology and Informatics in Drug Discovery Michael Lutz, Section Head, Cheminformatics Group and Terry Kenakin, Principal Research Scientist, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Quantitative Molecular Pharmacology and Informatics in Drug Discovery combines pharmacology, genetics and statistics to provide a complete guide to the modern drug discovery process. The book discusses the pharmacology of drug testing and provides a detailed description of the statistical methods used to analyze the resulting data. Application of genetic and genomic tools for identification of biological targets is reviewed in the context of drug discovery projects. Covering both the theoretical principles upon which the techniques are based and the practicalities of drug discovery, this informative guide. * outlines in step-by-step detail the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and approach and links these to the type of chemicalTrade Review"...a timely and important book..." "I recommend this book to pharmaceutical company statisticians..." --Biometrics, September 2000 "...covers a tremendous amount of ground....I recommend this book to pharmaceutical statisticians..." --Technometrics, 2000Table of ContentsDrug Discovery. Measurement of Drug Affinity. Efficacy. Pharmacological Assays Used in Screening for Therapeutic Ligands. Finding the Optimal Assay Format for the Chemical Target. Mathematical and Statistical Framework for Problems in Drug Discovery. Statistical Methods for Target Identification and Validation. Experimental Design. Analysis and Interpretation of Data. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents recently developed algorithms for searching for simple, multiple and extended strings, regular expressions, exact and approximate matches.Trade Review'If you need efficient pattern matching for any kind of string then this is the only book I know that comes even close to providing you [with] the tools for the job.' The Journal of the ACCU'I really enjoyed reading and studying this book. I am convinced it is a must-read, especially chapters 4 through 6, for anyone who is involved in the task of designing algorithms for modern string or sequence matching.' Computing ReviewsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. String matching; 3. Multiple string matching; 4. Extended string matching; 5. Regular expression matching; 6. Approximate matching; 7. Conclusion; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMolecular and Cellular Biophysics provides advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a foundation in the basic concepts of biophysics. Students who have taken physical chemistry and calculus courses will find this book an accessible and valuable aid in learning how these concepts can be used in biological research. The text provides a rigorous treatment of the fundamental theories in biophysics and illustrates their application with examples. Conformational transitions of proteins are studied first using thermodynamics, and subsequently with kinetics. Allosteric theory is developed as the synthesis of conformational transitions and association reactions. Basic ideas of thermodynamics and kinetics are applied to topics such as protein folding, enzyme catalysis and ion channel permeation. These concepts are then used as the building blocks in a treatment of membrane excitability. Through these examples, students will gain an understanding of the general importance and broad appliTrade Review'… would be a valuable addition to the library of any research lab at the physical end of biochemistry. … The language used in the book is extremely clear, and a mathematical approach is combined with clear links to real biochemistry …' Chemistry worldTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Global transitions in proteins; 2. Molecular forces in biological structures; 3. Conformations of macromolecules; 4. Molecular associations; 5. Allosteric interactions; 6. Diffusion and Brownian motion; 7. Fundamental rate processes; 8. Association kinetics; 9. Multi-state kinetics; 10. Enzyme catalysis; 11. Ions and counter-ions; 12. Fluctuations; 13. Ion permeation and membrane potential; 14. Ion permeation and channel structure; 15. Cable theory; 16. Action potentials; References; Appendix 1. Expansions and series; Appendix 2. Matrix algebra; Appendix 3. Fourier analysis; Appendix 4. Gaussian integrals; Appendix 5. Hyperbolic functions; Appendix 6. Polar and spherical coordinates.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProbabilistic models are becoming increasingly important in analysing the huge amount of data being produced by large-scale DNA-sequencing efforts such as the Human Genome Project. For example, hidden Markov models are used for analysing biological sequences, linguistic-grammar-based probabilistic models for identifying RNA secondary structure, and probabilistic evolutionary models for inferring phylogenies of sequences from different organisms. This book gives a unified, up-to-date and self-contained account, with a Bayesian slant, of such methods, and more generally to probabilistic methods of sequence analysis. Written by an interdisciplinary team of authors, it aims to be accessible to molecular biologists, computer scientists, and mathematicians with no formal knowledge of the other fields, and at the same time present the state-of-the-art in this new and highly important field.Trade Review'This book fills an important gap in the bioinformatics literature and should be required reading for anyone who is interested in doing serious work in biological sequence analysis. For biologists who have little formal training in statistics or probability, it is a long-awaited contribution that, short of consulting a professional statistician who is well versed in molecular biology, is the best source of statistical information that is relevant to sequence-alignment problems. This book seems destined to become a classic. I highly recommend it.' Andrew F. Neuwald, Trends in Biochemical Sciences'This book is a nice tutorial and introduction to the field and can certainly be recommended to all who wish to analyse biological sequences with computer methods. It can also serve as a basis for a university course for undergraduates.' Trends in Cell Biology' … an enjoyable opportunity to see a blend of modeling and data analysis at work on an important class of problems in the rapidly growing field of computational biology.' D. Siegmund, Short Book ReviewsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Pairwise sequence alignment; 3. Multiple alignments; 4. Hidden Markov models; 5. Hidden Markov models applied to biological sequences; 6. The Chomsky hierarchy of formal grammars; 7. RNA and stochastic context-free grammars; 8. Phylogenetic trees; 9. Phylogeny and alignment; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis classic text continues to provide the basis for understanding genetic principles behind quantitative differences, and extends these concepts to the segregation of genes that cause genetic variation in quantitative traits.Table of Contents Genetics Constitution of a Population Changes of Gene Frequency Small Populations: I Changes of Gene Frequency Under Simplified Conditions Small Populations: II Less Simplified Conditions Small Populations: III Pedigreed Populations and Close Inbreeding Continuous Variation Values and Means Variance Resemblance Between Relatives Heritability Selection: I The Results of Experiments Selection: III Information from Relatives Inbreeding and Crossbreeding: I Changes of Mean Value Inbreeding and Crossbreeding: II Changes of Variance Inbreeding and Crossbreeding: III Applications Scale Threshold Characters Correlated Characters Metric Characters under Natural Selection Quantitative Trait Loci

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Hidden Mechanics of Exercise reveals the microworld of the body in motion, from motor proteins that produce force to enzymes that extract energy from food, and tackles questions athletes ask: What should we ingest before and during a race? How does a hard workout trigger changes in our muscles? Why does exercise make us feel good?Trade ReviewGillen’s enjoyable account emphasizes the molecules and protein structures that allow us to move, run, jump, control fuel use, and regulate adaptations to exercise training… Refreshingly, Gillen approaches the subject from the system down rather than the molecule up. Throughout the book, he emphasizes how tiny changes in protein structures scale up to produce whole-body movements… Gillen offers exercise enthusiasts wishing to understand the science behind their training an interesting read. The book also serves as an engaging primer for exercise-science students who want to begin to understand some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The Hidden Mechanics of Exercise introduces concepts that make the step to the specialized textbook or research article easier. At the same time, researchers studying the behavior of the individual molecules may find Gillen’s account enlightening in regard to the functional implications of their work at the whole-body level. -- Stephen D. R. Harridge * Science *Anyone who has an interest in how the body and mind works in a sporting context will not only gain an insight and much knowledge, but also enjoy the way that the message is put across. * Athletics Weekly *To most of us, what happens deep inside our bodies when we exercise is a mysterious black box. This entertaining and illuminating book lucidly explains for nonspecialists the marvels of how molecules literally move a body. Gillen provides the ideal introduction to the physiology of exercise for anyone interested in how bodies work. -- Daniel E. Lieberman, author of The Story of the Human Body

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides an introduction to the principles and tools for modeling, analyzing, and synthesizing biomolecular systems. This book begins with modeling tools such as reaction-rate equations, reduced-order models, stochastic models, and specific models of important core processes.Trade Review"The authors did superbly in combining the biophysical processes and corresponding mathematics... This book serves both as a primer and a reference for constructing synthetic biological circuits with special focus on biomolecular feedback. It nicely bridges the gap between fields with a concise biological introduction, and approachable mathematics."--Harold Bien and Gabor Balazsi, Quarterly Review of Biology "This book promises much for the reader with a background in both biochemistry and mathematics. Such a reader will not only learn how to analyse models for bioengineered bimolecular systems but they will have the insights to both build these systems and to 'tune' the biochemistry to obtain desired parameter values."--Mark Nelson, Gazette of the Australian Mathematical SocietyTable of ContentsPreface vii 1 Introductory Concepts 1 1.1 Systems biology: Modeling, analysis and role of feedback 1 1.2 The cell as a system 8 1.3 Control and dynamical systems tools 11 1.4 Input/output modeling 18 1.5 From systems to synthetic biology 22 1.6 Further reading 28 2 Dynamic Modeling of Core Processes 29 2.1 Modeling chemical reactions 29 2.2 Transcription and translation 44 2.3 Transcriptional regulation 55 2.4 Post-transcriptional regulation 70 2.5 Cellular subsystems 81 Exercises 86 3 Analysis of Dynamic Behavior 89 3.1 Analysis near equilibria 89 3.2 Robustness 103 3.3 Oscillatory behavior 113 3.4 Bifurcations 124 3.5 Model reduction techniques 127 Exercises 133 4 Stochastic Modeling and Analysis 139 4.1 Stochastic modeling of biochemical systems 139 4.2 Simulation of stochastic systems 154 4.3 Input/output linear stochastic systems 157 Exercises 164 5 Biological Circuit Components 169 5.1 Introduction to biological circuit design 169 5.2 Negative autoregulation 171 5.3 The toggle switch 177 5.4 The repressilator 180 5.5 Activator-repressor clock 184 5.6 An incoherent feedforward loop (IFFL) 189 5.7 Bacterial chemotaxis 191 Exercises 203 6 Interconnecting Components 205 6.1 Input/output modeling and the modularity assumption 205 6.2 Introduction to retroactivity 206 6.3 Retroactivity in gene circuits 209 6.4 Retroactivity in signaling systems 214 6.5 Insulation devices: Retroactivity attenuation 219 6.6 A case study on the use of insulation devices 236 Exercises 239 7 Design Tradeoffs 243 7.1 Competition for shared cellular resources 243 7.2 Stochastic effects: Design tradeoffs in systems with large gains 253 Exercises 257 Bibliography 259 Index 267

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewWinner of the 2017 PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine & Technology, Association of American Publishers One of Physics World's Top Ten Books of the Year, 2016 One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2016 #6 on The Telegraph's Top 50 Books of the Year 2016 One of Smithsonian Magazine's Best Science Books of 2016 Shortlisted for Physics World's Book of the Year 2016 "Jorgensen walks readers through the history of humanity's interaction with radiation... [Strange Glow] is a solid, accessible work, but perhaps its most beneficial aspect is that Jorgensen equips readers with enough knowledge to make their own risk assessments, whether it is of a potential medical diagnostic test or a particular consumer decision."--Publishers Weekly "Unbiased, comprehensible information on radiation risk is hard to come by...Strange Glowfills this gap."--Science "Narrative science at its best ... a propulsive story, each piece building on the next in a series of progressive revelations... A seismic piece of scientific inquiry, top shelf in narrative style and illumination."--Kirkus, starred review "The only antidote to irrational fear is knowledge, andStrange Glowimparts this in spades."--Independent "Strange Glow isn't about lessening what is largely a sensible fear, but about removing some of the mystery and misunderstanding... This is a long overdue and successful attempt to rationalise an emotional subject by telling its story in very human terms."--Engineering & Technology News "Strange Glow ... integrates detailed science and carefully illuminated medical statistics with the personal lives of scientists... The book's goal--'to present the facts about radiation as objectively and even-handedly as possible, leaving you to decide which aspects to fear'--is achieved with authority and style."--Andrew Robinson, Lancet "This book can be enjoyed as a sort of scientific QI--a string of interesting facts you can't wait to share with anyone who can be persuaded to listen... Jorgensen proves that there's no excuse for convoluted writing, however difficult the subject. His conversational style makes even the most complex equations seem attractive."--William Cook, The Spectator "[Strange Glow] is ... the story of human interaction with radiation--beginning with the one type that we can see (light) and continuing through radio waves, atomic blasts, cellphones, radon, microwave ovens, luggage scanners, the Fukushima accident, and on and on... Jorgensen avoids graphs and numbers, instead relying largely on entertaining--if alarming--anecdotes."--Nancy Szokan, Washington Post "What I certainly did not expect was to get caught up in the stories of the scientists [in Strange Glow]... Jorgensen has written a compelling book about the history of radiation... [His] gift is that he make us care about the scientists."--Jacqueline Cutler, Newark Star-Ledger "Strange Glow is a cracking good read, filled with fascinating stories about the people behind the science."--Literary Review "Timothy Jorgensen is a scientist with a knack for narrative storytelling."--Ryan Stellabotte, Fordham News "Strange Glow is clear, engaging and refreshingly willing to treat the reader as a thinking adult."--Japan Times "Strange Glow is a fantastic, well-written book about the benefits and risks of radiation. Jorgenson uses common prose so that a wide range of readers can follow the discussions...The book includes extensive, useful, and lucid discussions on medical x-rays and radon gas. Readers also learn the facts regarding the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima nuclear reactor meltdowns and the problems they cause. [A] well-researched book."--Choice "Informative, fast paced and entertaining... I guarantee you will be engaged and surprised."--Chemistry World "Jorgensen's lucid writing and strong story-telling skills are demonstrated thoroughly in this book, making it a pleasure to read... In its simplicity and conciseness, it greatly contributes to removing some of the mystery and misunderstanding that surrounds radiation... I feel it will become a very useful resource to the general public as well as to radiation experts."--Jun Deng, Physics World "A narrative history, which integrates detailed science and statistics with the personal lives of the pioneers. [Jorgensen's] goal--'to present the facts about radiation as objectively and even-handedly as possible, leaving you to decide which aspects to fear'--is achieved with authority and style."--Andrew Robinson, The Telegraph "Jorgenson lays out the progression of mankind's understanding of radiation science over the past century, including the figures, breakthroughs and disasters that moved the field forward (for better or worse). An informative read that chronicles the history and science of humankind's 'ambivalent' relationship with this strange force."--Rachel Gross, Smithsonian "[Jorgensen] ... has chosen another original but interesting and straightforward way of storytelling, devoid of scientific jargon, to achieve the aim of reaching the widest possible audience of readers, regardless to their technical background... Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation ... Will certainly be useful due to the striking and exciting style of its presentation."--R.M. Alexakhin, Radiation Protection DosimetryTable of ContentsPREFACE ix 1. Nuclear Jaguars 1 PART ONE: RADIATION 101: THE BASICS 2. Now You See It: Radiation Revealed 7 3. Seek and You Shall Find: Radioactivity Everywhere 38 4. Splitting Hairs: Atomic Particles and Nuclear Fission 51 PART TWO: THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIATION 5. Painted into a Corner: Radiation and Occupational Illness 81 6. The Hippocratic Paradox: Radiation Cures Cancer 116 7. Location, Location, Location: Radiation Sickness 141 8. Snow Warning: Radioactive Fallout 164 9. After the Dust Settles: Measuring the Cancer Risk of Radiation 187 10. Breeding Season: Genetic Effects 206 11. Crystal Clear: The Target for Radiation Damage 234 PART THREE: WEIGHING THE RISKS AND BENEFITS OF RADIATION 12. Silent Spring: Radon in Homes 275 13. A Tale of Two Cities: Diagnostic Radiography 293 14. Sorry, Wrong Number: Cell Phones 310 15. Hot Tuna: Radioactivity in Food 326 16. Blue Moon: Nuclear Power Plant Accidents 346 17. The Things They Carried: Geopolitical Radiation Threats 374 Epilogue: N-Rays 397 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 407 NOTES AND CITATIONS 411 BIBLIOGRAPHY 453 INDEX 465

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewWinner of the 2017 PROSE Award in History of Science, Medicine & Technology, Association of American Publishers One of Physics World's Top Ten Books of the Year, 2016 One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2016 #6 on The Telegraph's Top 50 Books of the Year 2016 One of Smithsonian Magazine's Best Science Books of 2016 Shortlisted for Physics World's Book of the Year 2016 "Jorgensen walks readers through the history of humanity's interaction with radiation... [Strange Glow] is a solid, accessible work, but perhaps its most beneficial aspect is that Jorgensen equips readers with enough knowledge to make their own risk assessments, whether it is of a potential medical diagnostic test or a particular consumer decision."--Publishers Weekly "Unbiased, comprehensible information on radiation risk is hard to come by...Strange Glowfills this gap."--Science "Narrative science at its best ... a propulsive story, each piece building on the next in a series of progressive revelations... A seismic piece of scientific inquiry, top shelf in narrative style and illumination."--Kirkus, starred review "The only antidote to irrational fear is knowledge, andStrange Glowimparts this in spades."--Independent "Strange Glow isn't about lessening what is largely a sensible fear, but about removing some of the mystery and misunderstanding... This is a long overdue and successful attempt to rationalise an emotional subject by telling its story in very human terms."--Engineering & Technology News "Strange Glow ... integrates detailed science and carefully illuminated medical statistics with the personal lives of scientists... The book's goal--'to present the facts about radiation as objectively and even-handedly as possible, leaving you to decide which aspects to fear'--is achieved with authority and style."--Andrew Robinson, Lancet "This book can be enjoyed as a sort of scientific QI--a string of interesting facts you can't wait to share with anyone who can be persuaded to listen... Jorgensen proves that there's no excuse for convoluted writing, however difficult the subject. His conversational style makes even the most complex equations seem attractive."--William Cook, The Spectator "[Strange Glow] is ... the story of human interaction with radiation--beginning with the one type that we can see (light) and continuing through radio waves, atomic blasts, cellphones, radon, microwave ovens, luggage scanners, the Fukushima accident, and on and on... Jorgensen avoids graphs and numbers, instead relying largely on entertaining--if alarming--anecdotes."--Nancy Szokan, Washington Post "What I certainly did not expect was to get caught up in the stories of the scientists [in Strange Glow]... Jorgensen has written a compelling book about the history of radiation... [His] gift is that he make us care about the scientists."--Jacqueline Cutler, Newark Star-Ledger "Strange Glow is a cracking good read, filled with fascinating stories about the people behind the science."--Literary Review "Timothy Jorgensen is a scientist with a knack for narrative storytelling."--Ryan Stellabotte, Fordham News "Strange Glow is clear, engaging and refreshingly willing to treat the reader as a thinking adult."--Japan Times "Strange Glow is a fantastic, well-written book about the benefits and risks of radiation. Jorgenson uses common prose so that a wide range of readers can follow the discussions...The book includes extensive, useful, and lucid discussions on medical x-rays and radon gas. Readers also learn the facts regarding the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima nuclear reactor meltdowns and the problems they cause. [A] well-researched book."--Choice "Informative, fast paced and entertaining... I guarantee you will be engaged and surprised."--Chemistry World "Jorgensen's lucid writing and strong story-telling skills are demonstrated thoroughly in this book, making it a pleasure to read... In its simplicity and conciseness, it greatly contributes to removing some of the mystery and misunderstanding that surrounds radiation... I feel it will become a very useful resource to the general public as well as to radiation experts."--Jun Deng, Physics World "A narrative history, which integrates detailed science and statistics with the personal lives of the pioneers. [Jorgensen's] goal--'to present the facts about radiation as objectively and even-handedly as possible, leaving you to decide which aspects to fear'--is achieved with authority and style."--Andrew Robinson, The Telegraph "Jorgenson lays out the progression of mankind's understanding of radiation science over the past century, including the figures, breakthroughs and disasters that moved the field forward (for better or worse). An informative read that chronicles the history and science of humankind's 'ambivalent' relationship with this strange force."--Rachel Gross, Smithsonian "[Jorgensen] ... has chosen another original but interesting and straightforward way of storytelling, devoid of scientific jargon, to achieve the aim of reaching the widest possible audience of readers, regardless to their technical background... Strange Glow: The Story of Radiation ... Will certainly be useful due to the striking and exciting style of its presentation."--R.M. Alexakhin, Radiation Protection DosimetryTable of ContentsPREFACE ix 1. Nuclear Jaguars 1 PART ONE: RADIATION 101: THE BASICS 2. Now You See It: Radiation Revealed 7 3. Seek and You Shall Find: Radioactivity Everywhere 38 4. Splitting Hairs: Atomic Particles and Nuclear Fission 51 PART TWO: THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIATION 5. Painted into a Corner: Radiation and Occupational Illness 81 6. The Hippocratic Paradox: Radiation Cures Cancer 116 7. Location, Location, Location: Radiation Sickness 141 8. Snow Warning: Radioactive Fallout 164 9. After the Dust Settles: Measuring the Cancer Risk of Radiation 187 10. Breeding Season: Genetic Effects 206 11. Crystal Clear: The Target for Radiation Damage 234 PART THREE: WEIGHING THE RISKS AND BENEFITS OF RADIATION 12. Silent Spring: Radon in Homes 275 13. A Tale of Two Cities: Diagnostic Radiography 293 14. Sorry, Wrong Number: Cell Phones 310 15. Hot Tuna: Radioactivity in Food 326 16. Blue Moon: Nuclear Power Plant Accidents 346 17. The Things They Carried: Geopolitical Radiation Threats 374 Epilogue: N-Rays 397 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 407 NOTES AND CITATIONS 411 BIBLIOGRAPHY 453 INDEX 465

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Brilliant. . . . One thing the book reveals to the general reader is the interconnection of the development of biological ideas with the development of the rest of science and technology."---Jeremy Bernstein, New Yorker"[A] lucid account of man’s changing ideas about heredity. . . . It seizes and stimulates the imagination."---Arnold W. Ravin, Science"An unusual and illuminating history."---Edward Edelson, Washington Post Book World

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less