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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. DNA damage quantification by the COMET assay Mathias Weyland 2. Immunofluorescence microscopy-assisted quantification of ATM and ATR activation in irradiated cells Ilio Vitale 3. Immunoblotting-based characterization of the DNA damage response Ilio Vitale 4. Assessment of lipid peroxidation in irradiated cells Boyi Gan, Chao Mao, Amber Horbath and Guang Lei 5. A simple method to assess clonogenic survival of irradiated cancer cells Maria Esperanza Rodriguez Ruiz 6. Quantification of beta-galactosidase activity as a marker of radiation-driven cellular senescence Giulia Petroni 7. Cytofluorometric assessment of cell cycle progression in irradiated cells Giulia Petroni, Ai Sato, Aitziber Buqué Martínez and Lorenzo Galluzzi 8. Assessment of transcription inhibition as a characteristic of immunogenic cell death Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, Giulia Cerrato and Allan Sauvat 9. Assessment of eIF2a phosphorylation during immunogenic cell death Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp and Lucillia Bezu 10. Quantification of cytosolic DNA species by immunofluorescence and automated image analysis Lorenzo Galluzzi 11. Flow cytometry-assisted quantification of CALR exposure during immunogenic cell death Jitka Fucikova 12. Interference of immunogenic anticancer therapy by artificially controlled calreticulin secretion from tumor cells Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, Peng LIU and Liwei Zhao 13. Assessment of type I interferon responses as a feature of immunogenic cell death. Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, Sabrina Forveille, Allan Sauvat and Liwei Zhao 14. Assessment of immunological memory formation in vivo Guido Kroemer, Oliver Kepp, Liwei Zhao and Peng LIU 15. Characterization of the SASP of cancer cells experiencing DNA damage Francis Rodier 16. ELISA-based quantification of type I IFN secretion by irradiated cancer cells Claire I. Vanpouille-Box 17. RT-PCR-assisted quantification of type I IFN responses by irradiated cancer cells Lorenzo Galluzzi 18. Methods to characterize the exosomal output of irradiated cancer cells Sheila Spada 19. Cytofluorometric assessment of acute cell death responses driven by radiation therapy Lorenzo Galluzzi

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Multiple Gene Knockdown Strategies for Investigating the Properties of Human Leukemia Stem Cells and Exploring New Therapies Xiaoyan Jiang 2. Assessment of CD133, EpCAM, and CD44 in human and murine cancer cell by real-time qPCR Guillermo Mazzolini 3. Reverse Phase Protein Array in cancer stem cells Michele Signore 4. Isolation of cancer stem cells from squamous cell carcinoma Sanjeev K. Centre (TMC), Advanced Centre for Treatment and Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), 5. Immunoblotting-assisted assessment of JAK2 signaling in leukemic stem cells Niccolò Bartalucci 6. Isolation of cancer stem cells from based on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity Paola Marcato 7. Generation of neuronal/glial mixed cultures from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) Angela Gritti 8. Immunohistochemistry-based analysis of EMT markers in mammary tumors Diwakar Pattabiraman 9. Immunofluorescence staining of colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids Joseph L. Regan 10. Isolation of murine bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations via flow cytometry Michael A. Rieger 11. In vitro and in vivo limiting dilution assay of hepatocellular carcinoma cells Bin Wang Sr., Yingying Lai and Xi Zheng 12. Methods to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cells Barbara Zavan, Paolo Pinton, Leticia Ferroni, Chiara Gardin and Francesco De Francesco 13. In vivo assessment of the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the cancer stem cell fraction in breast cancer cells Antonella Sistigu

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Steroid Hormones: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Metabolism 3. The Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary 4. Posterior Pituitary Hormones 5. Thyroid Hormones 6. Pancreatic Hormones: Insulin and Glucagon 7. Gastrointestinal Hormones 8. Eicosanoids 9. Calcium-Regulating Hormones: Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin & Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 10. Adrenal Corticoids 11. Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla 12. Androgens 13. Estrogens and Progestins 14. Hormones of Pregnancy, Parturition and Lactation 15. Hormones Related to the Kidney and Cardiovascular System 16. The Pineal Gland 17. Growth Factors

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Oxidative stress and its biological significance 3. Biochemical approaches/methods in detection of free radicals 4. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress in aging 5. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders 6. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases 7. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress in cancer 8. Novel therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases 9. Advancements in novel drug delivery systems: Providing a challenge and threat to oxidative stress in various diseases 10. Detection of oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors 11. Case studies targeting oxidative stress 12. Future perspectives 13. Bibliography 14. Glossary

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Spectrophotometric methods to probe the solution chemistry of lanthanide complexes with macromolecules Gauthier Deblonde 2. Determination of affinities of lanthanide-binding proteins using chelator-buffered titrations Joseph A. Cotruvo Jr. 3. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Lanthanides Gareth R. Eaton 4. Characterization of lanthanoid binding proteins using NMR spectroscopy Claudio Luchinat and Giacomo Parigi 5. Macromolecular crystallography for f-element complex characterization Rebecca Abergel 6. Infrared spectroscopy probes ion binding geometries Carlos R. Baiz 7. Predicting lanthanide coordination structures in solution with molecular simulation David Cantu 8. Characteristics of Gd(III) spin labels for the study of protein conformations Daniella Goldfarb 9. Lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer biosensors for live-cell applications Lawrence W. Miller 10. Yttrium-86 PET imaging Peter Caravan and Mariane Le Fur 11. Aqueous Chemistry of the Smallest Rare Earth: Comprehensive Characterization of Radioactive and Non-radioactive Scandium Complexes for Biological Applications Eszter Boros 12. In vitro selection and application of lanthanide-dependent DNAzymes Juewen Liu

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Ultrafast laser spectroscopic studies on carotenoids in solution and on those bound to photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes Hideki Hashimoto and Richard Cogdell 2. Assessing photoprotective functions of carotenoids in photosynthetic systems of plants and green algae Roberto Bassi 3. Fluorescence of carotenoids: probing binding site interactions and conformational motion in carotenoproteins Warren Beck and Justin Rose 4. Resonance Raman: A powerful tool to interrogate carotenoids in biological matrices Bruno Robert, Bruno Robert, Manuel Llansola Portoles and Andrew A. Pascal 5. Engineering the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to study the function of carotenoids in light-harvesting complexes Andrew Hitchcock, Neil Hunter, David John Kenneth Swainsbury, Pu Qian and George Sutherland 6. Carotenoids as proxies for variations in photosynthesis and phenology in response to environmental and climatic change Ingo Ensminger 7. Apocarotenoid pigment biosynthesis in non-model plants Giovanni Giuliano 8. Apocarotenoid transport in plants Giovanni Giuliano 9. Screening for apocarotenoid plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis Salim Al Babili, Kunpeng Jia, Alexandra Jazz Dickinson, Yagiz Alagoz and Jianing Mi 10. Effects of herbivory on carotenoid biosynthesis and breakdown Jonathan Gershenzon and Sirsha Mitra 11. Biosynthesis and action of apocarotenoid plant hormones 12. Strigolactone Signaling Complex Formation in Yeast: A Paradigm for Studying Hormone-induced Receptor Interaction with Multiple Downstream Proteins Ruifeng Yao, Li Chen, Meng Zhang, Haiyang Yu, Liu Yang, Hongfan Long and Xin Su 13. Assessment of dietary carotenoid intake and metabolism in human clinical studies Steven Clinton and Elizabeth Grainger 14. Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein-mediated transfer of beta-carotene from Donor to Acceptor vesicles in vitro Loredana Quadro, Jahangir Iqbal, Mahmood Hussain and Youn-Kyung Kim 15. Development and validation of a method to deliver vitamin A into macrophages Jaume Amengual, Pooja Acharya, Molly Black and Glenn Bressner 16. Methods for assessing the interaction of apocarotenoids with vertebrate nuclear receptors Earl Howard Harrison 17. A guide for the evaluation of in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids Adriana Z. Mercadante and Ana Augusta O. Xavier 18. A fast and simplified method to estimate bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant tissues Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion and Luca Morelli 19. From organic synthesis of novel carotenoids and apo-carotenoids via metabolism to bio-active carotenoid metabolites and their activity relevance in mice and humans Ralph Rühl, Angel R. de Lera, Torsten Bohn, Jean-Francois Landrier, Harald Carlsen, Daniel Merk, Jenny Renaut and Tilman Todt 20. Extraction, detection, and imaging of the macular carotenoids Paul S. Bernstein, Binxing Li, Aruna Gorususpudi and Ranganathan Arunkumar 21. Analysis of macular carotenoids in the developing Macaque retina: The timeline of macular pigment development John Landrum, Vanes Mendez, Yisi Cao, Ramon Gomez and Nartha Neuringer 22. Carotenoid Modifying Enzymes in Metazoans Johannes F. von Lintig, Alexander R. Moise and Sepalika Bandara 23. Expression and Biochemical Analyses of Proteins Involved in the Transport of Carotenoids and Retinoids Alexander R. Moise and Johannes F. von Lintig

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Fluorescence loading assay for hexameric helicases James Berger 2. Use of substrates with multiple fluorophores to simultaneously monitor unwinding of multiple duplexes Alicia Byrd 3. In silico reconstitution of MCM helicase loading and activation using time resolved cryo-EM Alessandro Costa 4. Helicase uncoupling to study nacent strand decay James Dewar 5. Investigating structure and dynamics of Twinkle helicase with Cryo-EM and high-speed AFM Yang Gao 6. Measuring helicase contributions to BIR Greg Ira 7. Crosslinking to define helicase/DNA interactions James L. Keck? 8. Use of Reverse Polarity DNA to investigate Helicase Mechanisms Tim Lohman 9. Substrate production to study helicases and translocases using molecular and optical tweezers Fernando Moreno Herrero 10. Methods of loading CMG onto DNA Michael O’Donnell 11. Methods to study Helicase-Polymerase coupling during DNA replication reactions Smita Patel 12. Biochemical analyses of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling Craig Peterson 13. Alignment of helicases on single-stranded increases activity Kevin D. Raney 14. CMG helicase activity on G4-containing templates Dirk Remus 15. Accessory helicase unwinding of genomic complexities Grant Schauer 16. Monitoring helicase decoupling in bacteria by TUNEL Michael Trakselis 17. the preparation of DNA constructs for the use in single-molecule replisome studies Antoine Van Oijen 18. Interaction of topoisomerases with DNA measured by RADAR Alessandro Vindigni

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA 2. Nucleic Acid-Based Cellular Activities - DNA Replication, Damage, and Repair 3. Gene Expression: Transcription of the Genetic Code 4. Gene Expression: Translation of the Genetic Code 5. The Genome 6. Extraction and Purification of Nucleic Acids 7. Quantification and Analysis of Nucleic Acids 8. Extraction and Purification of Proteins 9. Quantification and Analysis of Proteins 10. Amplification of Nucleic Acids 11. Characterization of Nucleic Acids and Proteins 12. Techniques in Sequencing 13. Genome and Transriptome Analysis 14. Molecular Diagnosis of Chromosomal Disorders 15. Molecular Diagnosis of Gene Mutation and Inherited Diseases 16. Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 17. The Biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19 18. Guidance for Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors About the Editors Preface CHAPTER 1 Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZyme): An overview Parmeshwar Vitthal Gavande, Arun Goyal, and Carlos M.G.A. Fontes 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Various carbohydrate polymers present in nature 1.1.2 Natural source of polysaccharides 1.1.3 Requirement for deconstruction of carbohydrates 1.1.4 Carbohydrate-active enzymes 1.1.5 Carbohydrate-active enzyme database (CAZy) 1.1.6 Multienzyme complexes of CAZyme: The cellulosome 1.1.7 Commercially available CAZyme libraries 1.2 Conclusion References CHAPTER 2 Glycoside hydrolases: Mechanisms, specificities, and engineering Antoni Planas 2.1 Structures, functions, and classifications 2.2 Glycosidase mechanisms for hydrolysis of glycans and glycoconjugates 2.2.1 General mechanisms: Inverting vs. retaining 2.2.2 Retaining glycosidases with enzyme nucleophile: Ring distortion and covalent intermediate 2.2.3 Retaining glycosidases by substrate-assisted catalysis: Oxazoline/oxazolonium intermediate 2.2.4 Retaining glycosidases by neighboring-group participation through a 1,2-epoxide intermediate 2.2.5 Retaining glycosidases by an unusual NAD+-dependent mechanism 2.2.6 Inverting glycosidases 2.3 Protein engineering of glycosidases for improved and novel properties 2.3.1 Thermostability 2.3.2 Substrate specificity 2.4 Glycosidases acting in reverse for glycosynthesis: Transglycosidases and glycosynthases 2.4.1 Transglycosidases 2.4.2 Glycosynthases 2.5 Concluding remarks References CHAPTER 3 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase Parmeshwar Vitthal Gavande and Arun Goyal 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Cellulase 3.1.2 Cellulase evolution and conservation in nature 3.1.3 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase 3.1.4 Exoglucanase 3.1.5 ß-glucosidase 3.1.6 Cellulosome 3.2 Endoglucanases belong to various GH families 3.2.1 GH5 family 3.2.2 GH6 family 3.2.3 GH7 family 3.2.4 GH8 family 3.2.5 GH9 family 3.2.6 GH12 family 3.2.7 GH44 family 3.2.8 GH45 family 3.2.9 GH48 family 3.3 Synergism of endo-ß-1,4-glucanase with exoglucanase and ß-glucosidase 3.4 Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase-producing microorganisms 3.4.1 Biochemical properties, kinetics, and catalytic efficiency of endoglucanases 3.5 Structure of endo-ß-1,4-glucanases 3.5.1 Mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis in endoglucanases 3.6 Multifunctionality of endoglucanases 3.6.1 Broad substrate specificity of various endoglucanases 3.6.2 Significance of multifunctional endoglucanases 3.7 Processivity of endoglucanases 3.8 Applications of endoglucanases 3.9 Conclusion Authors’ contribution References CHAPTER 4 Cellobiohydrolases Tulika Sinha, Kanika Sharma, and Syed Shams Yazdani 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Structure and mode of action of cellobiohydrolases 4.2.1 The catalytic domain (CD) 4.2.2 The carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 4.2.3 The linker 4.2.4 The dissociation mechanism of processive CBH1 4.3 Biochemical and biophysical properties of cellobiohydrolases 4.3.1 pH and temperature 4.3.2 Metal ions 4.3.3 Surfactants 4.4 Protein engineering and strain improvement for higher enzyme activity and productivity 4.4.1 Enhanced activity 4.4.2 Enhanced thermostability 4.4.3 Enhanced performance in nonconventional media 4.4.4 Engineering cellulase for pH stability 4.5 Industrial applications of CBH 4.5.1 Bioconversion 4.5.2 Pulp and paper industry 4.5.3 Food processing industry 4.5.4 Textile industry 4.5.5 Agriculture 4.5.6 Animal feed 4.5.7 Detergent industry 4.6 Conclusion and future perspective References CHAPTER 5 ß-Glucosidase: Structure, function and industrial applications Sauratej Sengupta, Maithili Datta, and Supratim Datta 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Classification 5.3 Structure 5.4 Reaction mechanism 5.4.1 Substrate recognition and specificity 5.4.2 Glycone and aglycone specificity 5.5 Function and distribution 5.6 Characteristics 5.6.1 Biophysical characteristics 5.6.2 Biochemical characteristics 5.6.3 Product inhibition and enhancement of activity in the presence of glucose 5.6.4 Substrate inhibition 5.7 Industrial applications 5.7.1 Biofuels 5.7.2 Food industry 5.7.3 Pharmaceutical industries Acknowledgments References CHAPTER 6 Endo-ß-1,3-glucanase Parmeshwar Vitthal Gavande and Arun Goyal 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The role of endo-ß-1,3-glucanase in nature 6.2.1 ß-1,3-Glucan 6.2.2 Exo-ß-1,3-glucanase 6.2.3 Endo-ß-1,3-glucanase 6.2.4 Classification of endo-ß-1,3-glucanases 6.3 Sources of endo-ß-1,3-glucanase 6.4 Endo-ß-1,3-glucanases of different families, their structure, and mechanism 6.4.1 The family GH5 6.4.2 The family GH16 6.4.3 The family GH17 6.4.4 The family GH55 6.4.5 The family GH64 6.4.6 The family GH81 6.4.7 The family GH128, GH152, GH157, GH158 6.5 Applications of endo-ß-1,3-glucanases 6.6 Conclusion References Further reading CHAPTER 7 Diversity of microbial endo-ß-1,4-xylanases Peter Biely, Katari´na S?uchova´, and Vladimi´r Puchart 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Chemical structure of plant xylans 7.3 Enzymes of xylan hydrolysis 7.4 Endoxylanases—Xylan depolymerizing enzymes 7.4.1 Molecular architecture of xylanases 7.4.2 Classification into glycoside hydrolase families 7.4.3 Mode of action and structure-function relationship 7.5 Synergism of endoxylanases with debranching xylanolytic enzymes 7.6 Application of xylanases 7.7 Conclusions and future prospects References CHAPTER 8 ß-D-Xylosidases: Structure-based substrate specificities and their applications Satoshi Kaneko and Zui Fujimoto 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Structures of ß-xylosidases 8.2.1 GH3 8.2.2 GH39 8.2.3 GH43 8.2.4 GH52 8.2.5 GH120 8.2.6 Other families 8.3 Substrate specificities of the ß-xylosidases 8.3.1 GH1 8.3.2 GH2 8.3.3 GH3 8.3.4 GH5 8.3.5 GH10 8.3.6 GH11 8.3.7 GH30 8.3.8 GH39 8.3.9 GH43 8.3.10 GH51 8.3.11 GH52 8.3.12 GH54 8.3.13 GH116 8.3.14 GH120 8.4 Applications of ß-xylosidases References CHAPTER 9 Arabinofuranosidases Priyanka Pisalwar, Austin Fernandes, Devashish Tribhuvan, Saurav Gite, and Shadab Ahmed 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Classification 9.2.1 Classification on the basis of substrate specificity and mechanism of action 9.2.2 Classification on the basis of amino acid sequencing and structural similarity 9.3 Structural and functional characteristics of arabinofuranosidases 9.3.1 Effect of metal ions 9.3.2 Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) associated with arabinofuranosidases 9.4 Substrate specificity and biochemical properties of arabinofuranosidases 9.4.1 Substrate specificity 9.4.2 Physical and chemical properties 9.5 Industrial applications of arabinofuranosidase 9.5.1 Biofuel and biochemical industry 9.5.2 Food and animal feed industry 9.5.3 Beverage industry 9.5.4 Paper and pulp industry 9.5.5 Probiotic and pharmaceutical industry 9.6 Future trends and scope of arabinofuranosidases 9.6.1 Protein engineering 9.6.2 Development of new modular enzymes with enhanced substrate degradation potential 9.7 Conclusions References CHAPTER 10 Glycoside hydrolase family 16—Xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases and their roles in plant cell wall structure and mechanics Barbora Stratilova´, Stanislav Kozmon, Eva Stratilova´, and Maria Hrmova 10.1 Plant cell walls are protective multicomposite hydrogels 10.1.1 Plant cell wall composition and function 10.1.2 Plant cell wall structure and organization 10.2 Plant xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferases 10.2.1 Nomenclature and classification 10.2.2 Catalytic mechanism 10.2.3 Structural properties 10.2.4 Enzyme activity methods 10.2.5 Reactions with xyloglucan-derived and other substrates 10.2.6 Genetics approaches to the XTH gene function 10.3 The function of XTH enzymes in plant cell walls 10.3.1 Plant cell wall dynamics 10.3.2 Roles of XTH enzymes in cell wall restructuring 10.4 Conclusions and future directions Author contributions Funding Conflict of interest References CHAPTER 11 Endo-arabinase: Source and application Dixita Chettri and Anil Kumar Verma 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Hemicellulose structure and hydrolysis of arabinans 11.3 Source and biochemical characteristics 11.4 Structure and mechanism of action 11.5 Application of arabinase 11.6 Safety assessment 11.7 Conclusion and future prospects Acknowledgment Conflict of interest References CHAPTER 12 Overview of structure-function relationships of glucuronidases Samar Ballabha Mohapatra and Narayanan Manoj 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Xylanolytic a-glucuronidases 12.2.1 GH67 a-glucuronidases 12.2.2 GH115 a-glucuronidases 12.3 Non-xylanolytic GH4 a-glucuronidase 12.3.1 Active site architecture and the substrate specificity of GH4 TmAgu4B 12.3.2 Mechanism of hydrolysis by GH4 AguA 12.4 ß-Glucuronidases 12.4.1 GH1 ß-glucuronidase 12.4.2 GH2 ß-glucuronidases 12.4.3 GH30 ß-glucuronidase 12.4.4 GH79 ß-glucuronidases 12.4.5 GH154 ß-glucuronidase 12.4.6 GH169 ß-glucuronidase 12.5 Perspectives on the development of applications of glucuronidases 12.5.1 Xylanolytic a-glucuronidases 12.5.2 Inhibitors of ß-glucuronidases Credit References CHAPTER 13 Mannanases and other mannan-degrading enzymes Caio Cesar de Mello Capetti, Andrei Nicoli Gebieluca Dabul, Vanessa de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini, and Igor Polikarpov 13.1 Mannan structure 13.2 Enzymes involved in the mannan degradation 13.2.1 ß-mannanases 13.2.2 Other enzymes important for mannan degradation 13.3 Production of ß-mannanases 13.4 Industrial applications of ß-mannanases 13.4.1 Oil drilling 13.4.2 Biofuel production 13.4.3 Production of manno-oligosaccharides 13.4.4 Paper and pulp production 13.4.5 Textile industry 13.4.6 Detergents 13.4.7 Pharmaceutical and food industry 13.5 Concluding remarks References CHAPTER 14 Structure, function, and protein engineering of GH53 ß-1,4-galactanases Sebastian J. Muderspach, Kenneth Jensen, Kristian B.R.M. Krogh, and Leila Lo Leggio 14.1 Introduction, classification, and structure overview of ß-1,4-galactanases 14.2 Biological functions and diversity 14.2.1 Galactans in the plant cell walls 14.2.2 Degradation of plant cell wall galactans in plant pathogens via GH53 enzymes 14.2.3 Characterized GH53 galactanases from human gut microbiome 14.2.4 Plant cell wall remodeling for mobilization of energy resources or fruit ripening 14.2.5 GH53 galactanases from extremophiles 14.3 Related enzyme activities 14.3.1 Other microbial endo-galactanases 14.3.2 ß-galactosidases and exo-ß-1,4-galactanases 14.3.3 a-L-arabinofuranosidase and endo-1,5-a-L-arabinanase 14.4 GH53-associated modules and domains 14.4.1 Association of GH53 with carbohydrate-binding modules 14.4.2 Association of GH53 with other domains 14.5 Biotechnological applications 14.5.1 GH53 galactanases in enzymatic degradation of biomass 14.5.2 Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide production 14.5.3 Other industrial uses 14.6 Structure-function studies 14.6.1 Conformation of substrate in a computationally derived BlGal-galactononaose complex 14.6.2 Substrate-binding sites in GH53 galactanase crystal structures and their implication on product profile 14.6.3 Structural features inducing thermostability in GH53 galactanases 14.6.4 Prediction of structural features from sequence alignments and AlphaFold models 14.7 Protein engineering 14.7.1 Modulating thermostability and pH optimum 14.7.2 Changing the product profile 14.8 Conclusions and future directions References CHAPTER 15 Structural and functional insights and applications of ß galactosidase Azra Shafi and Qayyum Husain 15.1 ß Galactosidase 15.2 Glycoside hydrolase families 15.3 Sources of ß-galactosidases 15.3.1 Bacterial ß-Gals 15.3.2 ß-Gals from filamentous fungi 15.3.3 ß-Gals from yeasts 15.3.4 ß-Gals from plants 15.3.5 ß-Gals from animals 15.3.6 Recombinant ß-Gals 15.4 Lactose intolerance 15.5 Structural characterization of ß-Gal 15.5.1 The active site 15.5.2 Metal binding sites 15.6 Functional characterization of ß-Gal 15.6.1 Mode of action and reaction mechanism 15.6.2 Hydrolysis and transgalactosylation activities of ß-Gal 15.7 Applications of ß-Gal 15.7.1 Lactose-hydrolyzed milks 15.7.2 ß-Gal supplements 15.7.3 Treatment of industry effluents 15.7.4 Synthesis of GOS 15.7.5 Reactors and biosensors 15.8 Conclusion References CHAPTER 16 a-L-Rhamnosidases: Structures, substrate specificities, and their applications Satoshi Kaneko and Zui Fujimoto 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Structure of a-L-rhamnosidases 16.2.1 GH78 16.2.2 GH106 16.3 Substrate specificities of a-L-rhamnosidases 16.3.1 GH78 16.3.2 GH106 16.3.3 Unknown family 16.4 Applications of a-L-rhamnosidases References CHAPTER 17 Diversity and biotechnological applications of microbial glucoamylases Sanjeev Kumar, Priyakshi Nath, Arindam Bhattacharyya, Suman Mazumdar, Rudrarup Bhattacharjee, and T. Satyanarayana 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Production of glucoamylase: Microbes, substrate, nutrients, and fermentation system 17.3 Thermophilic and mesophilic fungal glucoamylases 17.4 Production of native glucoamylases 17.5 Recombinant glucoamylases 17.6 Multiple molecular forms of glucoamylases 17.7 Structural characteristics of glucoamylases 17.8 Biotechnological applications of glucoamylase 17.9 Role of glucoamylase in starch conversion to sugar syrup 17.10 Role of glucoamylase in HFCS 17.11 Role of glucoamylase in the brewing and baking industry 17.12 Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Structure, function, and engineering of plant polyketide synthases Ikuro Abe 2. A sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for enzymatic characterization of methylthioalkylmalate synthase involved in glucosinolate side-chain elongation N Bisht 3. Assaying formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase with monoglutamylated and polyglutamylated substrates using a fluorescence-HPLC based assay Sanja Roje 4. An Approach to Nearest Neighbor Analysis of Pigmented Protein Complexes by Using Chemical Crosslinking in Combination with Mass Spectrometry Haijun Liu 5. Biochemical characterization of plant aromatic aminotransferases Hiroshi Maeda 6. Functional Analysis of Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PMT) in Plants and Parasites Soon Goo Lee 7. A structure-guided computational screening approach for predicting plant enzyme-metabolite interactions Cynthia Holland 8. Plant metacaspase: an example of microcrystal structure determination and analysis Qun Liu 9. Biocatalytic system for comparative assessment of functional association of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases with their redox partners Chang-Jun Liu 10. Dirigent Protein Family Function and Structure Norman G. Lewis 11. Lignin/Lignan Biosynthesis Structure/Function Norman G. Lewis 12. Discovery and characterization of BAHD acylsugar acyltransferases Robert L. Last 13. Near-real time determination of BAHD acyl-coenzyme A transferase reaction rates and kinetic parameters using Ellman's reagent Michael Sullivan 14. Quantification of N-terminal protein acetyltransferase activity in vitro and in planta Markus Wirtz 15. Computational and biochemical methods to measure the activity of carboxysomes and protein organelles in vivo Jeffrey Cameron 16. Analysis of Plant Alkaloid-Protein Interactions Using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Peter Facchini 17. A metabolomics strategy for plant specialized metabolites using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Kazuki Saito and Tetsuya Mori 18. Isoprene measurements to assess the methylerythritol pathway Thomas D. Sharkey 19. Analysis of isoprenoid alcohol phosphates by liquid chromatorgraphy-mass spectrometry Peter Dörmann and Katharina Gutbrod 20. Using targeted metabolomics to elucidate the indole auxin network in plants Jerry D. Cohen and Adrian D. Hegeman 21. Metabolite fingerprinting: A powerful metabolomics approach for marker identification and functional gene annotation Ivo Feussner 22. Ex vivo metabolomics, an hypothesis-free approach to identify native substrate(s) of orphan enzymes Kirstin Feussner 23. Using stable isotopes and LC-MS for precursor of origin determination in plants Clint Chapple 24. Measurement of flux through sulfate assimilation using [35S]sulfate Stanislav Kopriva 25. Assessment of the activity of sulfate uptake and assimilation in plants Rüdiger Hell 26. Comparison of TLC, HPLC, and direct infusion mass spectrometry methods for the identification and quantification of diacylglycerol molecular species Philip Bates 27. Plant sphingolipid analysis Jennifer E. Markham 28. Strategies to study the metabolic origins of plant specialized metabolites: the 1,4-naphthoquinones in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Joshua R. Widhalm 29. Controlled environments for highly reproducible cannabis ‘omics’ studies Bernd Markus Lange 30. Multi-platform approaches for the comprehensive analysis of aroma volatiles in cannabis Bernd Markus Lange 31. Systems and strategies for plant protein expression Thomas D. Niehaus 32. Programmable Chemical Actuator Control of Soluble and Membrane-Bound Enzymatic Catalysis Katrina Cornish 33. CRISPR-Cas mediated genome engineering of cyanobacteria Himadri B. Pakrasi 34. Plant Seed Proteome Analysis Hari B. Krishnan 35. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics of C3 to CAM transition in the common ice plant Sixue Chen 36. Identification of MPK4 interactome using TurboID proteomics Sixue Chen 37. A Three-in-One Method for High Throughput Plant Multiomics Sixue Chen 38. Assessing simultaneous reversible cysteine oxidation and global abundance in plant tissues Leslie M. Hicks 39. Analysis of plant flooding response Simon Gilroy 40. Imaging systemic calcium response and its molecular dissection using virus-induced gene silencing Simon Gilroy 41. Studying the dynamics of transcriptional complex formation as a function of temperature using small angle x-ray scattering and in vitro assays Chloe Zubieta 42. Isolation of novel chemical components and their target plant proteins in metal stress conditions Ryoung Shin 43. Inhibition of insect Na+/K+ ATPases by plant-derived cardiac glycosides Georg Petschenka Jander 44. High-throughput phenotyping and the use of computer vision to unravel novel phenotypes associated with plant nutrition David Mendoza-Cozatl 45. Detection of protein persulfidation in plants by the dimedone switch method Luis C. Romero and Cecilia Gotor 46. Using Hyper as a Molecular Probe to Visualize Hydrogen Peroxide in Living Plant Cells: An Updated Method Luis Cárdenas 47. Genetically encoded sensors for monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of glucose and sucrose Wolf B. Frommer and Nora Zoellner 48. Acetylene Reduction Assay for Nitrogenase Activity Senthil Subramanian 49. Monitoring lipid-protein interactions in planta using Förster resonance energy transfer Xuemin (Sam) Wang 50. Modification of G-protein biochemistry and its effect on plant/environment interaction. Sona Pandey 51. RNA-seq analysis of alternative pre-mRNA splicing mediated by photoreceptors in Physcomitrium patens Shih-Long Tu

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Quality controls Jill Trewhalla 2. Refining biomolecular structures and ensembles by SAXS-driven molecular dynamics simulations Jochen S. Hub 3. Data analysis and modelling of small-angle scattering data with contrast variation Cy Jeffries and Andrew Whitten 4. Observing protein degradation in solution by the PAN-20S proteasome complex: state-of-the-art and future perspectives of TR-SANS as a complementary tool to NMR, crystallography and Cryo-EM Frank Gabel 5. Extracting structural insights from chemically-specific soft X-ray scattering Esther W. Gomez 6. Reconstruction of 3D density of biological macromolecules from solution scattering Thomas Grant 7. ATSAS- present state and new developments in computational methods Dmitri Svergun and Haydyn Mertens 8. Modeling Structure and Dynamics of Protein Complexes with SAXS Profiles (FoXSDock and MultiFoXS) Dina Schneidman 9. Validation of macromolecular flexibility in solution by SAXS Michal Hammel 10. Combining NMR, SAXS and SANS to characterize the structure and dynamics of protein complexes Michael Sattler 11. Application of Molecular Simulation Methods to Analyze SAS Data Susan Krueger and Joseph Curtis 12. From dilute to concentrated solutions of intrinsically disordered proteins: Interpretation and analysis of collected data Marie Skepo 13. Allosteric Inhibitors and drug discovery Chris Brosey 14. SAXS and Fold Prediction Susan Tsutakawa 15. SAXS Data-Assisted Modeling of Multidomain Protein Structures Janlin Cheng 16. FRET methods for ion channels/binding Manu Ben-Johny 17. Interpretation of solution scattering data for Protein Fibrillation Bente Vestergaard and Annette Langkilde 18. Measuring similarity and conformational changes Greg Hura 19. Insights from SAXS on disordered proteins on biological mechanisms: from protein folding to phase separation Joshua A. Riback 20. Lipid/peptide interactions from molecules to microbes Georg Pabst

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. In silico tools and databases for designing cancer immunotherapy Anjali Dhall, Shipra Jain, Neelam Sharma, Leimarembi Devi Naorem, Dilraj Kaur, Sumeet Patiyal, and Gajendra P.S. Raghava2. Immunotherapeutic approaches for HPV-caused cervical cancerSeyed Amirreza Fatemi, Nadia Seifi, Shiva Rasekh, Sogand Amiri, Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi, Ashkan Bagheri, Shirin Fathi, and Manica Negahdaripour3. Natural killer cell-based strategies for immunotherapy of cancerOndrej Vanek, Barbora Kalousková, Celeste Abreu, Shiva Nejadebrahim and Ondrej Skorepa4. Noncoding RNAs as novel immunotherapeutic tools against cancer Maninder Kaur, Bhavneet Kaur, Monidipa Konar, and Sadhna Sharma5. Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism Chandrabose Selvaraj, Rajaram Abhirami, Rajendran Vijayakumar, Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz, and Sanjeev Kumar Singh6. CoVaccine HT™ adjuvant is superior to Freund's in eliciting ovine polyclonal antibodies against human tumor necrosis factor-alphaOwen R. Griffiths, John Landon, R. Keith Morris, Philip E. James, and Rachel A. Adams7. Clostridioides difficile: Current overview and future perspectives Joanna Giles and April Roberts8. A computational model revealing the immune-related hub genes and key pathways involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Ambritha Balasundaram, S. Udhaya Kumar, and C. George Priya Doss9. Understanding the activating mechanism of the immune system against COVID-19 by Traditional Indian Medicine: Network pharmacology approach D. Thirumal Kumar, M.S. Shree Devi, S. Udhaya Kumar, Annie Sherlin, Aishwarya Mathew, M. Lakshmipriya, P. Sathiyarajeswaran, R. Gnanasambandan, R. Siva, R. Magesh, and C. George Priya Doss10. Immunotherapeutic interventions in Parkinson's disease: Focus on a-Synuclein Upasana Ganguly, Sukhpal Singh, Sasanka Chakrabarti, Adesh K. Saini, and Reena V. Saini11. Antivenom: An immunotherapy for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in sub-Saharan AfricaMender M. Mender, Fiona Bolton, Colin Berry, and Mark Young

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Macrophages Cells in the peritoneum 2. Dendritic Cells in the peritoneum 3. T Cells in the peritoneum 4. Innate immune response to peritoneal bacterial infection 5. The tumor immune microenvironment in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis 6. Immune response after intraperitoneal chemotherapy for Peritoneal Metastases 7. Omentum: Friend or foe in Ovarian Cancer immunotherapy?

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface Toby Bolsen and Risa Palm 1. Science, politics and institutional design in regulation Thomas O. McGarity and Wendy E. Wagner 2. Beyond the sheltering academic silo: Norms for scientists' participation in policy Karen L. Akerlof 3. Effects of politicization on the practice of science Hannah Schmid-Petri, Nils Bienzeisler and Arista Beseler 4. Politics v. science: How president trump’s war on science impacted public health and environmental regulation Romany M. Webb and Lauren Kurtz 5. Politicization and COVID-19 vaccine resistance in the United States Toby Bolsen and Risa Palm 6. Effects of politicized media coverage: Experimental evidence from the HPV vaccine and COVID-19 Erika Franklin Fowler, Rebekah H. Nagler, Darshana Banka and Sarah E. Gollust 7. Vax attacks: How conspiracy theory belief undermines vaccine support Christina E. Farhart, Ella Douglas-Durham, Krissy Lunz Trujillo and Joseph A. Vitriol 8. Communicating CRISPR: Challenges and opportunities in engaging the public Elizabeth S. Baik, Abraham Koshy and Bruce W. Hardy 9. Moral conviction: A challenge in the age of science politicization Robin Bayes 10. Strategic Science communication in the age of politicization Todd P. Newman

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I: Introduction 1. Current perspectives on transcription and translational regulators in Health and diseases 2. Role of alternative splicing in health and diseases Section II: Transcriptional and translational regulators in cancer 3. Transcriptional regulation in cancer progression 4. Role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of sphingolipid genes in molecular heterogeneity of breast cancer 5. Who dictates and when: Genetic and epigenetic dictatorships in breast cancer response and resistance to therapy 6. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated regulation in cancer 7. Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Treatment of Gastro-Intestinal cancer 8. Regulation of post-transcriptional events by RNA-binding proteins 9. The language of post-translational modifications in cancers and other diseases 10. Ubiquitin proteasome system-mediated regulation of protein function and stability 11. Post-transcriptional regulations in epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions Section III: Transcriptional and translation regulators of other diseases 12. Noncoding RNAs in Diabetes 13. MicroRNAs as epigenetic regulators for gut microbiome 14. Cross talk between miRNAs and epigenetics during braindevelopment and neurological diseases 15. The role of non-coding RNAs in rheumatoid arthritis 16. Role of miRNA in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases 17. Current Advances in Cancer Prevention and Treatment by Natural Products 18. Therapeutic inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokins by phytochemicals in osteoarthritis 19. Redox Signaling and Cardiovascular Disease: New Paradigms and discoveries Section IV: Therapeutics 20. Modulation of epigenetic enzymes by natural agents 21. Inhibitors targeting epigenetic modifications in cancer 22. Drug rechanneling a new paradigm for cancer treatment

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface Vijai Singh and Rajesh S. Bhosale 1. AIE Materials for Tissue Imaging Sidhanath Vishwanath Bhosale, Madan R. Biradar and Rajesh S. Bhosale 2. AIE Materials for Cancer Cell Detection, Bioimaging and Theranostics Sudip Mukherjee 3. AIE Material for Photodynamic Therapy V Venkatesh 4. AIE materials with advanced photophysical properties for bio-medical applications Parameswar Krishnan Iyer 5. Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials for Protein Fibrils Imaging Panchami Prabhakaran 6. AIE Active polymers for Bio-imaging applications Parameswar Krishnan Iyer 7. AIE-MOF Materials for Biological Applications Prakasha Reddy 8. Patented AIE Materials for Biomedical Applications Sidhanath Vishwanath Bhosale

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Crosslinking immunoprecipitation of Upf1 in yeast Kristian Baker 2. Biochemical Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 Helicase Implicated in COVID-19 Robert Brosh 3. Bulk phase biochemistry of the Pif1 helicase Matthew Bochman 4. Translational control by helicases during cellular stress Tim Bolger 5. Measuring DDX3-dependent protein synthesis in vitro and in cells Stephen Floor 6. Purification of Mtr4 and Mtr4-mediated complexes Sean Johnson 7. Plan of attack for studying DEAD-box proteins Katrin Karbstein 8. Reconstitution, purification, and activity characterization for RNA-guided helicase-nuclease machines in Type I CRISPR-Cas systems Ailong Ke 9. Helicase mediated vectorial folding of G-quadruplex Sua Myong 10. Detecting G4 quadruplex unwinding Katrin Paeschke 11. Monitoring RNA and ATP-dependent conformational changes in RIG-I-like receptors using fluorescence microscopy Anna Marie Pyle 12. ATP utilization measurements in RNA unwinding and RNA chaperone activities by helicase proteins Rick Russell 13. Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry of RNA Helicases Sheena D'Arcy 14. Biochemical characterization of human MTR4-RNA exosome and adaptor complexes Christopher D. Lima 15. Study of RNA helicases with magnetic tweezers Herve Le Hir 16. Single-molecule FRET to analyze the dynamics of RNA helicases Dagmar Klostermeier 17. Transcriptional regulation by a RecQ helicase Sudha Sharma 18. In vitro characterization of the DEXH helicase Dhr1 from yeast Arlen Johnson

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContributors in this volume include: Alessio Branchini Fabio Di Domenico Baris Akinci Asim Kanti Duttaroy Qiaozhu Su Maria I. Vaccaro Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Chandrabose Selvaraj Nicola Luigi Bragazzi C. George Priya Doss C. George Priya Doss Víctor García-González Mojgan Rastegar

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface David B. Teplow 1. Introduction of medical genomics and clinical informatics integration for p-Health care Li Tong, Hang Wu, May D. Wang and Geoffrey Wang 2. Precision diagnostics in cancer: Predict, prevent, and personalize Judy S. Crabtree and Lucio Miele 3. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in precision medicine: A paradigm shift in big data analysis Mehar Sahu, Rohan Gupta, Rashmi K Ambasta and Pravir Kumar 4. Precision medicine with multi-omics strategies, deep phenotyping, and predictive analysis Zeeshan Ahmed 5. Progress in molecular biology and translational science addressing the needs of nano-rare patients Stanley T. Crooke 6. Precision medicine in epilepsy Ryan James McGinn, Erica Leah Von Stein, Jacqueline Elizabeth Summers Stromberg and Yi Li 7. EGFR, NF-?B and noncoding RNAs in precision medicine Yanli Li, Xiaomin Liu and Zhongliang Ma 8. Evolution of biomarker research in autoimmunity conditions for health professionals and clinical practice Arthur Silverstein, Anton Dudaev, Maria Studneva, John Aitken, Sofya Blokh, Andrew David Miller, Sofia Tanasova, Noel Rose, John Ryals, Christoph Borchers, Anders Nordstrom, Marina Moiseyakh, Arturo Solís Herrera, Nikita Skomorohov, Trevor Marshall, Alan Wu, R Holland Cheng, Ksenia Syzko, Philip D. Cotter, Marianna Podzyuban, William Thilly, Paul David Smith, Paul Barach, Khaled Bouri, Yehuda Schoenfeld, Eiji Matsuura, Veronika Medvedeva, Ilya Shmulevich, Liang Cheng, Paul Seegers, Yekaterina Khotskaya, Keith Flaherty, Steven Dooley, Eric J. Sorenson, Michael Ross and Sergey Suchkov

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface Bhabatosh Das and Vijai Singh 1. An introduction to human microbiome Bhabatosh Das 2. Emerging tools for understanding the human microbiome Tarini Shankar Ghosh and Mrinmoy Das 3. Structure, functions, and diversity of the healthy human microbiome Taruna Ahrodia, Santanu Das, Susmita Bakshi and Bhabatosh Das 4. An overview of cancer and the human microbiome Soumendu Mahapatra, Smrutishree Mohanty, Rasmita Mishra and Punit Prasad 5. Gut microbiota in gastrointestinal diseases Gargi Bhattacherjee, Khushal Khambhati, Nisarg Gohil, Priyanka Singh, Jigresh Gohil, Bijun Snehi, Rupesh Maurya, Dinh-Toi Chu, Suresh Ramakrishna and Vijai Singh 6. Gut dysbiosis and metabolic diseases Purbita Bandopadhyay and Dipyaman Ganguly 7. Gut microbiome and type 2 diabetes Sweta Patel, Sriram Seshadri and Sarat Dalai 8. Gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Ayushi Purohit, Md Jahangir Alam, Bharti Kandiyal, Shalimar, Bhabatosh Das and Sanjay K. Banerjee 9. Hepatic drug metabolism and gut microbiome Tanshi Mehrotra and Subir Kumar Maulik 10. Microbiome-based therapeutics: Opportunity and challenges Archana Pant and Bhabatosh Das

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes the validation of a guinea pig model for potency testing combined vaccines applied in cattle to control the respiratory, reproductive, and neonatal calf diarrhea syndromes. The model allows, in one serum sample, to test the vaccine quality for all the viral antigens included in most formulations of bovine vaccines.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Vaccination of cattleChapter 2 - Guinea pig model to test the potency of IBR vaccinesChapter 3 - Guinea pig model to test the potency of Rotavirus vaccinesChapter 4 - Guinea pig model to test the potency of Bovine Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus vaccinesChapter 5 - Guinea pig model to test the potency of BVDV vaccinesChapter 6 - Guinea pig model applicationReferences

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Book SynopsisHoneybees are an important link in our food chain because they are major pollinators of food crops. In recent years, honeybee populations have declined precipitously perhaps due to changes in their microbiome. This book describes and identifies the bee microbiome using a proteomics technology. Chapters include the detection and identification of microbes found in honeybees collected around the United States. This book contains new data and illustrates the rich diversity of microbes as collected by honeybees. It is a must read for everyone concerned about the honeybee and working in the industry.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Author/Editor Biographies. Abstract. List of Abbreviations. Microbe Diversity in Honeybees. Mass Spectrometry Proteomics. Apis. Bee Gut. Coronavirus. Bacteria. Fungi. Nosema. Viruses. Water Microbes (EPA Standards). Discussion. Bibliography. Appendix A – National Average for Bacteria. Appendix B – California Region Average for Bacteria. Appendix C – Florida Region Average for Bacteria. Appendix D – Idaho Region Average for Bacteria. Appendix E – Iowa Region Average for Bacteria. Appendix F – Montana Regional Average for Bacteria. Appendix G – National Average for Fungi. Appendix H – California Region Average for Fungi. Appendix I – Florida Region Average for Fungi. Appendix J – Idaho Region Average for Fungi. Appendix K – Iowa Region Average for Fungi. Appendix L – Montana Region Average for Fungi. Appendix M – National Average for Viruses. Appendix N – California Region Average for Viruses. Appendix O – Florida Region Average for Viruses. Appendix P – Idaho Region Average for Viruses. Appendix Q – Iowa Region Average for Viruses. Appendix R – Montana Region Average for Viruses. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a fundamental understanding of the importance of the microbiome in the life of virtually all multicellular organisms. It explains why microbes are an integral part of living organisms and describes the diverse roles they perform for their hosts. Although the significance of modified bacteria such as the mitochondrion and chloroplast is deeply rooted in the evolution of all complex organisms, it is only recently that the contribution of microbial partners within and on their hosts is becoming fully evident. These communities of microbes are as essential to organisms as are the visible organs. Microbiomes are indeed âœinvisible organs.â They participate in the digestive process, assist in communication networks, supply essential nutrients, guard against foreign intrusion, promote development and contribute to well-being. This unique approach, where the dependence of the hosts on their microbiomes is explained, will be a must-read for undergraduate and graduate studeTable of ContentsChapter 1: The Genesis of Life – How it All StartedChapter 2: Algae and Their MicrobiomesChapter 3: Fungal Microbiome and Mycobiome Within Other OrganismsChapter 4: Microbiomes of Sedentary Aquatic OrganismsChapter 5: Insect Microbiome: Microbes Insects Depend OnChapter 6: Fish Microbiome: Functional PerspectivesChapter 7: Microbial Constituents of Birds: Genesis, Functions and AdaptationsChapter 8: Mammalian Microbiomes: The Roles They PerformChapter 9: Plants and Their Microbial Communities

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Book SynopsisWeeds are rarely considered a priority despite the fact that all active farmers know that the majority of their variable costs and time are devoted to eradicating them. Even most crop losses due to pests can be traced directly back to weeds, which harbor the pests as secondary hosts.In the Molecular Biology of Weed Control, Jonathan Gressel focuses attention upon the tools of molecular biology that can be used effectively in the science of weed control. Always keeping his perspective congruent with that of the working farmer, Gressel explains how weed biologists and ecologists are beginning to use recently developed tools to control intransigent weed species in modern as well as less developed areas of the world. With his usual candor, Gressel evaluates past efforts, while also exploring future prospects for replacing chemical herbicides with genetic engineering, to improve a crop's ability to compete against its feral cousins for light, nutrients, and water.Like much of Gressel's work, this book should be mandatory reading for all agriculturists and plant scientists, so that they employ and encourage what is truly effective and efficient in meeting one of this century's most critical challenges: maximizing agricultural productivity.Trade Review"Few weed scientists are willing or able to put their heads on the block by challenging established nostrums and speculating constructively on the future. Professor Gressel is brave enough to do so and should be heeded as one of the few stellar figures we have in the discipline …inspirational, provocative and pedantic, the maverick author takes us on a wide ranging tour… proposing radical new approaches to weed control." - David Cole in Pesticide Outlook"Anyone who knows him will recognize this book as quintessential Jonny Gressel, full of provocative ideas and opinions. …Jonny obviously had fun writing this book, and anyone with an interest in agriculture and molecular biology will enjoy reading it." - Jim Westwood in Haustorium: Parasitic Plants Newsletter "…from traditional farming to environmental sciences to the latest developments in biotechnology and genetics. …more than just a compendium of terms as it presents clear, concise definitions … sure to be a frequently consulted work in anyone's library." - P.L. Pisani "Jonny Gressel has written an ambitious book that tackles a broad range of weed control issues from a molecular biologist's point of view. Everything from herbicide mechanisms of action, to weed ecology, to biological control is considered and analyzed in light of the fundamental biochemical and genetic principles that control them. The result is a book that maintains an integrated view of biology. …"Anyone who knows him will recognize this book as quintessential Jonny Gressel, full of provocative ideas and opinions. …It is packed with ideas, many of them juxtaposed in intriguing combination, … Jonny obviously had fun writing this book, and anyone with an interest in agriculture and molecular biology will enjoy reading it." - Haustorium: Parasitic Plants Newsletter, 41, July 2002Table of ContentsIntroduction. Molecular Tools for Herbicide Discovery. Molecular Tools for Studying Weed Biology, Ecology, and Taxonomy. Evolution of Resistance to Herbicides. Molecular Biochemistry of Resistances that have Evolved in the Field. Generation of Biotechnologically-Derived Herbicide-Resistant Crops (BD-HRC). The Next Generations of BD-HRC. Transgene Introgression from Crops to Weeds and its Modulation. Modifying Crops and Weeds to Directly Control Weeds. Molecular Biology in Weed Biocontrol

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