Condensed matter physics Books

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Book SynopsisTopics in Electron Diffraction and Microscopy of Materials celebrates the retirement of Professor Michael Whelan from the University of Oxford. Professor Whelan taught many of today''s heads of department and was a pioneer in the development and use of electron microscopy. His collaborators and colleagues, each one of whom has made important advances in the use of microscopy to study materials, have contributed to this cohesive work. The book provides a useful overview of current applications for selected electron microscope techniques that have become important and widespread in their use for furthering our understanding of how materials behave. Linked through the dynamical theory of electron diffraction and inelastic scattering, the topics discussed include the history and impact of electron microscopy in materials science, weak-beam techniques for problem solving, defect structures and dislocation interactions, using beam diffraction patterns to look at defects in structuresTable of ContentsIntroduction (P B Hirsch). Early days of diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy (P B Hirsch). Applications of weak-beam technique of electron microscopy (D J H Cockayne). 2-beam and 'n'-beam diffraction (A F Moodie). Pseudo aberration-free-focusing imaging method for atomic resolution electron microscopy of crystals (H Hashimoto). Probing atomic bonding using fast electrons (C J Humphreys and G A Botton). Interpretation of spatially resolved valence loss spectra (A Howie). Is molecular imaging possible? (J C H Spence et al). Diffraction imaging using backscattered electrons: fundamentals and applications (S L Dudarev). Development of dynamical theory of RHEED and applications to the in-situ monitoring of MBE growth (L-M Peng). Index

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Book SynopsisTopics in the Theory of Solid Materials provides a clear and rigorous introduction to a wide selection of topics in solid materials, overlapping traditional courses in both condensed matter physics and materials science and engineering. It introduces both the continuum properties of matter, traditionally the realm of materials science courses, and the quantum mechanical properties that are usually more emphasized in solid state physics courses, and integrates them in a manner that will be of use to students of either subject. The book spans a range of basic and more advanced topics, including stress and strain, wave propagation, thermal properties, surface waves, polarons, phonons, point defects, magnetism, and charge density waves. Topics in the Theory of Solid Materials is eminently suitable for graduates and final-year undergraduates in physics, materials science, and engineering, as well as more advanced researchers in academia and industry studying solid materials.Trade Review"What are dislocations? What are phonons? What is phonon transport? This text describes all that and more in lucid language. If you're into materials and would like to relearn the undergraduate condensed matter physics that you wished you knew, this is the book to read." -Biswajit Banerjee, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USATable of ContentsPreface. 1 Strain and stress in continuous media 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Deformation: strain and rotation 1.2.1 The strain tensor 1.2.2 The rotation tensor 1.3 Forces and stress 1.4 Linear elasticity 1.4.1 Hooke’s law 1.4.2 Isotropic media 1.4.3 Elastic moduli 1.4.4 Stability conditions 1.5 Equilibrium 2 Wave propagation in continuous media 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Vector ?elds 2.3 Equation of motion 2.4 Wave propagation 2.4.1 Shear and rotational waves 2.4.2 Dilatational or irrotational waves 2.4.3 General discussion Appendix to Chapter 2 3 Thermal properties of continuous media 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Classical thermodynamics 3.2.1 The Maxwell relations 3.2.2 Elastic constants, bulk moduli and speci?c heats 3.3 Thermal conduction and wave motion 3.4 Wave attenuation by thermal conduction 4 Surface waves 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Rayleigh waves 4.3 Boundary conditions 4.4 Dispersion relation 4.5 Character of the wave motion 5 Dislocations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Description of dislocations 5.3 Deformation ?elds of dislocations 5.3.1 Screw dislocation 5.3.2 Edge dislocation 5.4 Uniform dislocation motion 5.5 Further study of dislocations 6 Classical theory of the polaron 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Equations of motion 6.3 The constant-velocity polaron 6.4 Polaron in a magnetic ?eld: quantization 7 Atomistic quantum theory of solids 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The hamiltonian of a solid 7.3 Nuclear dynamics: the adiabatic approximation 7.4 The harmonic approximation 7.5 Phonons 7.5.1 Periodic boundary conditions for bulk properties 7.5.2 The dynamical matrix of the crystal 7.5.3 The normal modes of crystal vibration 7.5.4 Electrons and phonons: total energy 7.6 Statistical thermodynamics of a solid 7.6.1 Partition function of the crystal 7.6.2 Equation of state of the crystal 7.6.3 Thermodynamic internal energy of the crystal; phonons as bosons 7.7 Summary 8 Phonons 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Monatomic linear chain 8.3 Diatomic linear chain 8.4 Localized mode of a point defect 9 Classical atomistic modelling of crystals 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The shell model for insulating crystals 9.3 Cohesive energy of a crystal 9.4 Elastic constants 9.5 Dielectric and piezoelectric constants 10 Classical atomic di?usion in solids 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The di?usion equation 10.2.1 Derivation 10.2.2 Planar source problem 10.3 Di?usion as a random walk 10.4 Equilibrium concentration of point defects 10.5 Temperature dependence of di?usion: the Vineyard relation Appendix to Chapter 10: Stirling’s formula 11 Point defects in crystals 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 Crystals and defects 11.1.2 Modelling of point defects in ionic crystals 11.2 Classical di?usion 11.2.1 Copper and silver di?usion in alkali halides 11.2.2 Dissociation of the oxygen-vacancy defect complex in BaF2 11.3 Defect complex stability 11.4 Impurity charge-state stability 11.4.1 Nickel in MgO 11.4.2 Oxygen in BaF2 11.5 Optical excitation 11.5.1 Frenkel exciton and impurity absorption in MgO 11.5.2 Cuþ in NaF 11.5.3 O- in BaF2 11.6 Spin densities 11.6.1 F center in NaF 11.6.2 F2þ center in NaF 11.6.3 F2þ * center in NaF 11.7 Local band-edge modi?cation 11.7.1 Valence band edge in NiO : Li 11.7.2 Conduction band edge in BaF2 : O- 11.8 Electronic localization 11.9 Quantum di?usion 11.10 E?ective force constants for local modes 11.11 Summary Appendix to Chapter 11: the ICECAP method 12 Theoretical foundations of molecular cluster computations 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Hartree–Fock approximation 12.2.1 The approximation 12.2.2 Normalization 12.2.3 Total energy 12.2.4 Charge density and exchange charge 12.2.5 The single-particle density functional 12.3 The Fock equation 12.3.1 The variational derivation 12.3.2 Total energy algorithm 12.3.3 Solution of the Fock equation 12.4 Localizing potentials 12.5 Embedding in a crystal 12.5.1 Introduction 12.5.2 Approximate partitioning with a localizing potential 12.5.3 Summary 12.6 Correlation 12.7 One-, two- and N-particle density functionals 12.7.1 Introduction 12.7.2 Density functional of Hohenberg and Kohn 12.7.3 Reduced density matrices 12.7.4 The many-fermion system 12.7.5 The density functional and the two-particle density operator 13 Paramagnetism and diamagnetism in the electron gas 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Paramagnetism of the electron gas 13.2.1 The total energy 13.2.2 The magnetic susceptibility 13.2.3 Solution at low temperature 13.2.4 Solution at high temperature 13.3 Diamagnetism of the electron gas 13.3.1 Introduction 13.3.2 The Landau levels 13.3.3 The Fermi distribution 13.3.4 Energy considerations 13.3.5 Magnetization: the de Haas–van Alphen e?ect 13.3.6 Diamagnetism at T 0 Appendix to Chapter 13 14 Charge density waves in solids 14.1 Introduction 14.2 E?ective electron–electron interaction 14.3 The Hartree equation: uniform and periodic cases 14.3.1 The Hartree approximation 14.3.2 The uniform solution 14.3.3 The periodic solution 14.4 Charge density waves: the Mathieu equation 14.4.1 The Mathieu equation 14.4.2 Solution away from the band gap 14.4.3 Solution near the band gap 14.4.4 The self-consistency condition 14.4.5 The total energy 14.5 Discussion References Exercises Answers Author index Subject index

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Book SynopsisCosmology is a relatively new science, but cosmological questions are as old as mankind. Turning philosophical and metaphysical problems into problems that physics can treat, and hopefully solve, has been an achievement of the twentieth century. Modern Cosmology brings together contributions from a number of outstanding scientists currently working in various research fields in cosmology. Topics covered range over several different aspects of modern cosmology, from observational matters to advanced theoretical speculations.Trade Review"The editor ties the diverse contributions together in an excellent introductory chapter, tracing the historical development of cosmology … The content is most appropriate for graduate students and researchers. This book is highly recommended for academic collections supporting extensive research in astronomy or astrophysics." -E-STREAMS, Vol.5, No. 9 "… the book covers most of the interesting and active areas of cosmological research … at an appropriate level for new postgraduate students. I would recommend this book as an interesting snapshot of ongoing activity." -Peter Coles, General Relativity and Gravitation "This book is a heterogeneous compilation of articles based on lectures, mostly from theorists, describing both the foundations and the present status of cosmology …They are a pleasure to read and may be extremely useful to Ph.D. students and even researchers in other fields … In summary, I think the book is a nice compilation of the status of cosmology in the year 2000. It gives the right perspective of what is to come in the next few years, or even decades." -Juan Garcia-Bellido, CERN Courier "In short, the book has substantial content of modern cosmology from observational matters to theoretical models as well as from the basics to development. I would recommend this book to those who are working on and interested in this subject." -Yuan-Zhong Zhang "This book is highly recommended for academic collections supporting extensive research in astronomy or astrophysics." -E-STREAMS, Vol. 5, No. 9 "For those who wish to appreciate the breadth of current research in this area, and for those planning to embark on this type of research, the book provides an excellent overview of the current state of the art." -Professor A. Hibbert, Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland "Both John Peacock and George Ellis (no relation!) give excellent summaries of cosmological physics. Peacock's contribution, in particular (cover 100 pages, by far the longest) is masterly, elegantly summarizing recent developments in large-scale structure from the 2nF survey (in which he is involved) to progress in studying fluctuations in the microwave background." -Richard EllisTable of ContentsContents. 1 The physics of the early Universe (an overview). 2 An introduction to the physics of cosmology. 3 Cosmological Models. 4 inflationary Cosmology and Creation of Matter in the Universe. References. 5 Supergravity and Cosmology. 6 The Cosmic Microwave Background. References. 7 Dark Matter search with innovative techniques. 8 Signature for signals from the Dark Universe. 9 Neutrino oscillations: a phenomenological overview. 10 Highlights in Modern Observational Cosmology. References. 11 Clustering in the Universe: from Highly Nonlinear Structures to Homogeneity. References. 12 The debate of galaxy space distribution: an overview. References. 13 Gravitational lensing. References. 14 Numerical Simulations in Cosmology. References.

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Book SynopsisWith contributions from leading experts in their respective fields, Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composites provides a comprehensive overview of topics on specific materials and trends. It is a subject regularly included as a final year option in materials science courses and is also of much industrial and academic interest. The book begins with a selection of chapters describing the most common commercial applications of composite materials, including those in the aerospace, automotive, and power generation industries. Section 2 outlines manufacturing and processing methods used in the production of composite materials ranging from basic aluminium matrix composites, through particle reinforced composites, to composites using novel matrix fibres such as titanium-silicon carbide and ceramics. Section 3 is devoted to the mechanical behaviour of different matrix materials and structure-property relations, with particular attention paid to failure and fracture mechanisms. The final Table of ContentsIndustrial Perspective. Manufacturing and Processing. Mechanical Behaviour. New Fibres and Composites.

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Book SynopsisThe Ising model provides a detailed mathematical description of ferromagnetism and is widely used in statistical physics and condensed matter physics. In this Student''s Guide, the author demystifies the mathematical framework of the Ising model and provides students with a clear understanding of both its physical significance, and how to apply it successfully in their calculations. Key topics related to the Ising model are covered, including exact solutions of both finite and infinite systems, series expansions about high and low temperatures, mean-field approximation methods, and renormalization-group calculations. The book also incorporates plots, figures, and tables to highlight the significance of the results. Designed as a supplementary resource for undergraduate and graduate students, each chapter includes a selection of exercises intended to reinforce and extend important concepts, and solutions are also available for all exercises.Table of Contents1. The Ising model; 2. Finite Ising systems; 3. Partial summations and effective interactions; 4. Infinite Ising systems in one dimension; 5. The Onsager solution and exact series expansions; 6. The mean-field approach; 7. Position-space renormalization-group techniques; Index.

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Book SynopsisA Primer to Theoretical Soil Mechanics is about adapting continuum mechanics to granular materials. The field of continuum mechanics offers many fruitful concepts and methods, however there is declining interest in the field due to its complex and fragmented nature. This book''s purpose is therefore to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical principles of soil mechanics, as well as introducing the new theory of barodesy. This title argues for barodesy as a simple alternative to the plasticity theory used currently and provides a systematic insight into this new constitutive model for granular materials. This book therefore introduces a complex field from a fresh and innovative perspective using simple concepts, succinct equations and explanatory sketches. Intended for advanced undergraduates, graduates and PhD students, this title is also apt for researchers seeking advanced training on fundamental topics.Trade Review'The last several decades have seen a surge of papers on the constitutive modelling of soils, the vast majority of them based on complex and often obscure plasticity concepts. Scientists not specializing in the field lost track and got largely confused. The present book by one of the most prominent scholars in the field succeeds in structuring both the fundamentals and the essential knowledge gained hitherto in a very appealing concise form … The underlying principles are easy to follow and the resulting equations astonishingly short. Predictions of the soil response reproduce all essential features observed in experiments. Besides theory, the text contains justified criticism on current issues in civil engineering. The book is a pleasure to read, and will hopefully become, especially for young scientists, a guide to navigate through the complex field of soil mechanics.' Christos Vrettos, Technical University of Kaiserslautern'With this book, Prof. Kolymbas has successfully created a future reference work in which the connections between continuum mechanics and soil mechanics are presented clearly and precisely. The author systematically bridges the topics of soil mechanics with continuum mechanics. First, the basic to more manifold soil behavior is introduced, followed by the basics of continuum mechanics. Later, an introduction to different frameworks for modelling soils, such as Plasticity, Hypoplasticity and Barodesy, is given. Prof Kolymbas has created an objective book written with passion and inspiration.' Hans Henning Stutz, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Soil Mechanics and Rock MechanicsTable of ContentsPreface. 1. Granular materials as soft solids; 2. Mechanical behaviour of soil – experimental results; 3. Mechanical behaviour of soil – intuitively; 4. Vectors and tensors; 5. Fields; 6. Deformation; 7. Stress; 8. Conservation laws (balance equations); 9. Internal friction and shear strength; 10. Collapse; 11. Constitutive equations; 12. Elasticity; 13. Elastic waves; 14. Plasticity theory; 15. Hypoplasticity; 16. Barodesy; 17. Uniqueness; 18. Symmetry; 19. Interaction with water; 20. Computing in soil mechanics; 21. Outlook. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides an accessible yet comprehensive introduction to detectors in particle physics. It emphasises the core physics principles, enabling a deeper understanding of the subject for further and more advanced studies. In addition to the discussion of the underlying detector physics, another aspiration of this book is to introduce the reader to practically important aspects of particle detectors, like electronics, alignment, calibration and simulation of particle detectors. Case studies of the various applications of detectors in particle physics are provided.The primary audience is graduate students in particle or nuclear physics, in addition to advanced undergraduate students in physics.Key Features: Provides an accessible yet thorough discussion of the basic physics principles needed to understand how particle detectors work. Presents applications of the basic physics concepts to examples of modern detectors. Discusses p

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Book SynopsisResearch in the field of high-entropy materials is advancing rapidly. High-Entropy Materials: Advances and Applications focuses on materials discovered using the high-entropy alloys (HEA) strategy. It discusses various types of high-entropy materials, such as face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) HEAs, films and coatings, fibers, and powders and hard-cemented carbides, along with current research status and applications:â Describes, compositions and processing of high-entropy materials.â Summarizes industrially valuable alloys found in high-entropy materials that hold promise for promotion and application.â Explains how high-entropy materials can be used in many fields and can outperform traditional materials.This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and academics in materials science and engineering and related disciplines.

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Book SynopsisThe field of ultracold atomic physics has developed rapidly during the last two decades, and currently encompasses a broad range of topics in physics, with a variety of important applications in topics ranging from quantum computing and simulation to quantum metrology, and can be used to probe fundamental many-body effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity. Beginning with the underlying and including the most cutting-edge experimental developments, this textbook covers essential topics such as Bose-Einstein condensation of alkali atoms, studies of BEC-BCS crossover in degenerate Fermi gas, synthetic gauge fields and Hubbard models, and many-body localization and dynamical gauge fields. Key physical concepts, such as symmetry and universality highlight the connections between different systems, and theory is developed with plain derivations supported by experimental results. This self-contained and modern text will be invaluable for researchers, graduate students and advanced Trade Review'… this book is accessible to most readers, especially for experimentalists, for junior researchers including senior undergraduate students, and for readers outside the field of ultracold atomic physics.' A. M. Saperstein, Association of American PublishersTable of ContentsPreface. Part I. Atomic and Few-Body Physics: 1. A Single Atom; 2. Two-Body Interaction; Part II. Interacting Bose Gas: 3. Interaction Effects; 4. Topology and Symmetry; Part III. Degenerate Fermi Gases: 5. The Fermi Liquid; 6. The Fermi Superfluid; Part IV. Optical Lattices: 7. Non-Interacting Bands; 8. The Hubbard Model; References.

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Book SynopsisIn the course of the development of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions, the concept of (internal) gauge invariance grew up and established itself as an unavoidable dynamical principle in particle physics. It is less known that the principle of equivalence, and the basic dynamical properties of the gravitational interaction can also be expressed as a (spacetime) gauge symmetry.Gravitation and Gauge Symmetries sheds light on the connection between the intrinsic structure of gravity and the principle of gauge invariance, which may lead to a consistent unified field theory. The first part of the book gives a systematic account of the structure of gravity as a theory based on spacetime gauge symmetries. Some basic properties of space, time, and gravity are reviewed in the first, introductory chapter. The next chapter deals with elements of global Poincar nd conformal symmetries, which are necessary for the exposition of their localizations; the structure of the correspondTrade Review"The book is very well written. It provides a very good pedagogical survey of the gravity from the point of view of gauge theories that are very successful in explaining the other physical interactions. Basic ideas of the most recent theories of unification of all fundamental physical interactions are explored in an effective way. The book contains very useful examples and exercises making understanding of presented ideas easier, and they extend the results discussed in the text.- Zdenek Stuchlik, Acta Physica Slovaca "The experience and maturity of the writer are manifest in the clear and pedagogical style of exposition. The subject is a difficult one and the going is tough, but the author does an excellent job of making the topics as digestible as possible, without sacrifice of detail and rigor. Mathematical propriety is maintained, and at the same time there are many illuminations of physical intuition, essential to keep the interest of the physicist alive … the book is an excellent introduction to the general area of gauge symmetries and gravity …. this volume is handsomely produced and printed on good quality paper, making a pleasant and useful addition to a theoretician's library."- Lewis Ryder, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK"This book is a rather broad scope, intending to shed light upon the intrinsic structure of gravity and gauge invariance … This book is accompanied by 13 useful appendices, which give, inter alia, some more details on the de Sitter gauge theory, the Ashtekar reformulation of general relativity, and Chern-Simons models in three dimensions ... Certainly, Milutin Blagojevic's book fills a gap in the current literature and will be useful for students and researchers of gravity."Table of ContentsThe Rise of Gauge Theory of Gravity Up to 1961: From Special to General Relativity Theory; Analyzing General Relativity Theory; A Fresh Start by Yang - Mills and Utiyama; Poincare Gauge Theory: Einstein - Cartan( - Sciama - Kibble) Theory as a Viable Gravitational Theory; General Structure of Poincare Gauge Theory (Including Quadratic Lagrangians); Translational Gauge Theory; Fallacies About Torsion; Extending the Gauge Group of Gravity: Poincare Group Plus Scale Transformations: Weyl - Cartan Gauge Theory of Gravity; From the Poincare to the Affine Group: Metric-Affine Gravity; Conformal Gauge Theory of Gravity; (Anti-)de Sitter Gauge Theory of Gravity; From the Square Root of Translations to the Super-Poincare Group; Specific Subjects of Metric-Affine Gravity and Poincare Gauge Theory: Hamiltonian Structure; Equations of Motion for Matter; Cosmological Models; Exact Solutions; Poincare Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions; Dislocations and Torsion; The Yang Episode: A Historical Case Study.

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Physics of Continuous Matter: Exotic and Everyday Phenomena in the Macroscopic World, Second Edition provides an introduction to the basic ideas of continuum physics and their application to a wealth of macroscopic phenomena. The text focuses on the many approximate methods that offer insight into the rich physics hidden in fundamental continuum mechanics equations. Like its acclaimed predecessor, this second edition introduces mathematical tools on a need-to-know basis.New to the Second EditionThis edition includes three new chapters on elasticity of slender rods, energy, and entropy. It also offers more margin drawings and photographs and improved images of simulations. Along with reorganizing much of the material, the author has revised many of the physics arguments and mathematical presentations to improve clarity and consistency. The collection of problems at the end of each chapter has been expanded as well. These problems

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Book SynopsisThis book presents new research directions in a very new field which happens to be an old field as well.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a pedagogical introduction to the concepts and methods of quantum field theory necessary for the study of condensed matter and ultracold atomic gases. After a thorough discussion of the basic methods of field theory and many-body physics (functional integrals, perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams, correlation functions and linear response theory, symmetries and their consequences, etc.), the book covers a wide range of topics, from electron gas and Fermi-liquid theory to superfluidity and superconductivity, magnetic instabilities in electron systems, and dynamical mean-field theory of Mott transition. The focus is on the study of model Hamiltonians, where the microscopic physics and characteristic energy scales are encoded into a few effective parameters, rather than first-principle methods which start from a realistic Hamiltonian at the microscopic level and then make material-specific predictions. The reader is expected to be familiar with elementary quantum mechanics and statistical physics, and some acquaintance with condensed-matter physics and ultracold gases may also be useful. No prior knowledge of field theory or many-body problem is required.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook is an introduction to the Brownian motion of colloids and nano-particles, and the diffusion of molecules. One very appealing aspect of Brownian motion, as this book illustrates, is that the subject connects a broad variety of topics, including thermal physics, hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics, fluctuation phenomena, statistical thermodynamics, osmosis and colloid science. The book is based on a set of lecture notes that the authors used for an undergraduate course at the University of Utrecht, Netherland. It aims to provide more than a simplified qualitative description of the subject, without getting bogged down in difficult mathematics. Each chapter contains exercises, ranging from straightforward ones to more involved problems, addressing instances from (thermal motion in) chemistry, physics and life sciences. Exercises also deal with derivations or calculations that are skipped in the main text. The book offers a treatment of Brownian motion on a level appropriate for bachelor/undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, soft matter and the life sciences. PhD students attending courses and doing research in colloid science or soft matter will also benefit from this book.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction to Defects.- Chapter 2. Introduction to Solitons.- Chapter 3. Free Energy.- Chapter 4. Dynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Chapter 5. Prequel to Defects: Variable Magnitude of Order.- Chapter 6. Further Issues: Defect Phase/Orientation, Charge Density, Curvature.- Chapter 7. 2D Nematic Order, Active Liquid Crystals.- Chapter 8. 3D Polar or Nematic Order.- Chapter 9. Defects in Crystals.- Chapter 10. 2D Measuring Surface: Hedgehogs, Skyrmions.- Chapter 11. 3D Measuring Surface: Hopfions.- Chapter 12. Phases With Regular Arrays of Defects or Solitons.

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Book SynopsisThe most important aspects of modern surface science are covered. All topics are presented in a concise and clear form accessible to a beginner. At the same time, the coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Numerous examples, references, practice exercises, and problems complement this remarkably complete treatment, which will also serve as an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners. The textbook is idea for students in engineering and physical sciences. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: PHYSICS TODAY, OCTOBER 2004 Review by John T. Yates Jr., University of Pittsburgh "Surface Science: An Introduction is an excellent book that reviews many of the centrally important features of this interdisciplinary field. … The text is smoothly written and interesting. Readers will be immediately impressed by the quality and number of figures (372 in all) used to tell the story. Surface Science is designed for advanced undergraduate or graduate students in the engineering and physical sciences. It also serves as an introduction for researchers entering the field. Many earlier surface-science textbooks have concentrated on the experimental techniques used for measurements in the field. Surface Science also describes numerous experimental methods, but its main focus is on the concepts central to the field. After the introduction, the book presents an excellent chapter on two-dimensional crystallography; a chapter on experimental background follows, and the book then progresses through four chapters on surface analysis--from diffraction to electron spectroscopy, ion probes, and microscopy. The book proceeds to atomic and electronic structure of surfaces. The final four chapters discuss surfaces containing adsorbed atoms or molecules; topics include adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, thin film behavior, and nanostructures on surfaces. … I like the book because of its clarity and compactness. Each chapter presents a few exercises that will serve well in the classroom. … Surface Science is a good resource for the student who is introduced to the field for the first time." "The book is designed as textbook for students in engineering and physical sciences. … All topics are presented in a concise and clear form accessible to a beginner. At the same time, the coverage is comprehensive and at a high technical level, with emphasis on the fundamental physical principles. Numerous examples, references, practice exercises, and problems complement this remarkably complete treatment, which will also serve as an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners." (Aluminium, Vol. 81 (4), 2005) "Surface Science: An Introduction is an excellent book that reviews many of the centrally important features of this interdisciplinary field. … Readers will be immediately impressed by the quality and number of figures (372 in all) used to tell the story. … I like the book because of its clarity and compactness. … Surface Science is a good resource for the student who is introduced to the field for the first time." (John T. Yates Jr, Physics Today, October, 2004) "The whole book is easy to read and well-structured. The explanations and descriptions are clear and logical. Many examples taken from literature illustrate the content. … the book is a successful attempt to provide a comprehensive introduction into various aspects of surface science. It can be recommended to all readers wishing to get an insight into the experimental background as well as its scientific scope ranging from basic concepts to current research." (Marcus Bäumer, ChemPhysChem, Vol. 5 (3), 2004)Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Basics of Two-Dimensional Crystallography.- 3. Experimental Background.- 4. Surface Analysis I. Diffraction Methods.- 5. Surface Analysis II. Electron Spectroscopy Methods.- 6. Surface Analysis III. Probing Surfaces with Ions.- 7. Surface Analysis IV. Microscopy.- 8. Atomic Structure of Clean Surfaces.- 9. Atomic Structure of Surfaces with Adsorbates.- 10. Structural Defects at Surfaces.- 11. Electronic Structure of Surfaces.- 12. Elementary Processes at Surfaces I. Adsorption and Desorption.- 13. Elementary Processes at Surfaces II. Surface Diffusion.- 14. Growth of Thin Films.- 15. Atomic Manipulations and Nanostructure Formation.- References.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisKinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations still represent a quite new area of research, with a rapidly growing number of publications. Broadly speaking, kMC can be applied to any system describable as a set of minima of a potential-energy surface, the evolution of which will then be regarded as hops from one minimum to a neighboring one. The hops in kMC are modeled as stochastic processes and the algorithms use random numbers to determine at which times the hops occur and to which neighboring minimum they go. Sometimes this approach is also called dynamic MC or Stochastic Simulation Algorithm, in particular when it is applied to solving macroscopic rate equations. This book has two objectives. First, it is a primer on the kMC method (predominantly using the lattice-gas model) and thus much of the book will also be useful for applications other than to surface reactions. Second, it is intended to teach the reader what can be learned from kMC simulations of surface reaction kinetics. With these goals in mind, the present text is conceived as a self-contained introduction for students and non-specialist researchers alike who are interested in entering the field and learning about the topic from scratch.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book is a good introduction to the kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation of surface reactions. … the basic ideas of the kMC method are presented very clearly and understandably for non-specialists. Using simple models and many practical examples makes the book useful not only for specialists but also for those just getting started with the kinetic Monte Carlo method.” (Stefan K. Stefanov, Mathematical Reviews, February, 2013)“The author uses the kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method to examine surface reactions. … The author formulates two goals of this book. The first one is to show that the kMC method can also be applied to phenomena other than surface reactions. Secondly, the reader is informed of what kind of surface-reaction kinetics could be examined with the help of kMC simulations. The book will be of interest to students and newcomers in the field of surface reactions.” (A. V. Fedorov, zbMATH, Vol. 1272, 2013)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Stochastic Model for the Description of Surface Reaction Systems.- Kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithms.- How to Get Kinetic Parameters.- Modeling Surface Reactions I.- Modeling Surface Reactions II.- Examples.- New Developments.- Glossary.- Index.

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Book SynopsisSolid State Physics opens with the adiabatic approximation to the many-body problem of a system of ions and valence electrons. After chapters on lattice symmetry, structure and dynamics, it then proceeds with four chapters devoted to the single-electron theory of the solid state. Semiconductors and dielectrics are covered in depth and chapters on magnetism and superconductivity follow. The book concludes with a chapter on solid surfaces. Every section is followed by solved problems, some of them illustrating areas of current interest in solid state physics, to give the student a practical working knowledge of the subject, and the text is illustrated by many supplementary examples.Table of Contents1. Systems of Atoms 2. Lattice Symmetry 3. Lattice and Structure 4. Lattice Dynamics 5. Electron Kinetics 6. Electron Dynamics 7. Semiconductor Physics 8. Dielectrics 9. Solid State Magnetism 10. Superconductivity 11. Solid Surfaces

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Book SynopsisHow does a solar cell work? How efficient can it be? Why do intricate patterns of metal lines decorate the surface of a solar module? How are the modules arranged in a solar farm? How can sunlight be stored during the day so that it can be used at night? And, how can a lifetime of more than 25 years be ensured in solar modules, despite the exposure to extreme patterns of weather? How do emerging machine-learning techniques assess the health of a solar farm? This practical book will answer all these questions and much more.Written in a conversational style and with over one-hundred homework problems, this book offers an end-to-end perspective, connecting the multi-disciplinary and multi-scale physical phenomena of electron-photon interaction at the molecular level to the design of kilometers-long solar farms. A new conceptual framework explains each concept in a simple, crystal-clear form. The novel use of thermodynamics not only determines the ultimate conversion efficiencies of the various solar cells proposed over the years, but also identifies the measurement artifacts and establishes practical limits by correlating the degradation modes. Extensive coverage of conceptual techniques already developed in other fields further inspire innovative designs of solar farms.This book will not only help you to make a solar cell, but it will help you make a solar cell better, to trace and reclaim the photons that would have been lost otherwise. Collaborations across multiple disciplines make photovoltaics real and given the concern about reducing the overall cost of solar energy, this interdisciplinary book is essential reading for anyone interested in photovoltaic technology.

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Book SynopsisA core principle of physics is knowledge gained from data. Thus, deep learning has instantly entered physics and may become a new paradigm in basic and applied research.This textbook addresses physics students and physicists who want to understand what deep learning actually means, and what is the potential for their own scientific projects. Being familiar with linear algebra and parameter optimization is sufficient to jump-start deep learning. Adopting a pragmatic approach, basic and advanced applications in physics research are described. Also offered are simple hands-on exercises for implementing deep networks for which python code and training data can be downloaded.

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Book SynopsisThe book investigates QDs and SWCNTs using quantum-chemical calculations that describe intricate details of excited-state phenomena and provides information about the mechanisms that occur on the atomic level and that are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to probe experimentally. It delivers, consistently and coherently, a novel approach to nanomaterials which is promising for today's technologies as well as their future. This approach elegantly overcomes computational difficulties known in the field and shares ways to reach top performance in the description of combined quantum effects of molecular vibrations and exciton formation on realistic-size numerical models. The reader will acquire an understanding of the pioneering methodology supported by most recent original results, prospectively applicable to the design of new nano-devices. Trade Review"This book brings a wonderful collection of works in the area of quantum chemistry calculations devoted to the optical properties of quantum dots and carbon nanotubes. Optics is one of the most promising fields for the understanding of both materials science and innovations in nanotechnology. Kilina's book illustrates the great scientific development made possible by nanoscience."—Prof. Ado Jorio de Vasconcelos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, BrazilTable of ContentsCommon Features of Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Intriguing Phenomena in Quantum Dots and Potential Applications. Advantages and Challenges of Technological Applications of Carbon Nanotubes. Excitonic Character and Numerical Approaches to QDs and SWCNTs. Electronic Structure and Phonon-Induced Carrier Relaxation in CdSe and PbSe Quantum Dots: Carrier Dynamics in Quantum Dots. Trajectory Surface Hopping in the Density Functional TheoryResults and Discussion. Conclusions. Excitonic and Vibrational Properties of Single-Walled Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Introduction. Computational ESMD Methodology. Results and Discussion. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThe first book to present a systematic approach to nanosystemsFully supplemented with actual examples and scores of figures andphoto illustrations, Integrated Chemical Systems takes thediscussion of nanotechnology and nanosystems out of the realm ofspeculation and into the real world. This book presents a detaileddiscussion of various approaches to the fabrication andcharacterization of nanosystems and offers a firm theoretical basisfor the operation of electrochemical and photoelectrochemicalsystems, making analogies between synthetic and naturally occurringnanosystems. The author uses examples taken from his owngroundbreaking research and that of others to create a clearpicture of the progress that has been made in this exciting newarea of research. Having established the state of the art, he goeson to offer realistic projections of future systems and theirapplications. Topics discussed include: * Currently available methods for the construction andcharacterization of nanosystemsTable of ContentsConstruction of Integrated Chemical Systems. Characterization of Integrated Chemical Systems. Chemically Modified Electrodes. Electrochemical Characterization of Modified Electrodes. Photoelectrochemistry and Semiconductor Materials. Future Integrated Chemical Systems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis new work presents an eclectic treatment of quantum optics, quantum measurements, and mesoscopic physics. Beginning with the fundamentals of quantum optics, the book then provides scientists and engineers with the latest experimental work in the area of optical measurements.Table of ContentsBasic Concepts. Canonical Quantization. Quantum States of the Electromagnetic Fields. Coherence of the Electromagnetic Fields. Quantum States of Atoms. Interaction between Atoms and Fields. Mathematical Methods for System-Reservoir Interaction. Stochastic Wavefunction Methods. Quantum Nondemolition Measurements. Semiconductor Bloch Equations. Excitons and Polaritons. Coulomb Blockade and Squeezing. Current Noise in Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Conductors. Nonequilibrium Green's Function Formalism. Quantum Statistical Properties of a Laser. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth, up-to-date presentation of the physics and operational principles of all modern semiconductor devices The companion volume to Dr. Sze's classic Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics covers all the significant advances in the field over the past decade.Table of ContentsBipolar Transistors (P. Asbeck). Compound-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (M. Shur & T. Fjeldly). MOSFETs and Related Devices (S. Hillenius). Power Devices (B. Baliga). Quantum-Effect and Hot-Electron Devices (S. Luryi & A. Zaslavsky). Active Microwave Diodes (H. Eisele & G. Haddad). High-Speed Photonic Devices (T. Lee & S. Chandrasekhar). Solar Cells (M. Green). Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to SPICE-oriented semiconductor device modeling. The SPICE program allows engineers to simulate both individual devices and electronic circuits, performing a large number of different analyses needed for tasks such as verification of circuit designs and prediction of circuit performance.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Spice. Charge Transport in Semiconductors. Two-Terminal Devices. Bipolar Junction Transistors. Field Effect Transistors. Advanced FET Modeling. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisComprehensive coverage of theory and applications alike Superconductor Technology integrates research efforts from aroundthe world and provides the most comprehensive presentation ofsuperconducting technology available. It covers high- andlow-temperature superconductors (HTSC and LTSC) and, while thediscussion centers on the more practical HTSC applications (thosein the range of 77K), the advantages of LTSC technology in certaincircumstances are also explored. Author A. R. Jha examines the implementation of superconductingtechnology in every conceivable system or device, identifyingapplications and potential applications in diverse fields,including radio astronomical systems, laser radar, microwave andmillimeter-wave missile receivers, satellite communication systems,high-resolution medical equipment, and many more. Complete withnumerous illustrations and photographs and fully referenced,Superconductor Technology: * Covers theory and practice across a wide range oTable of ContentsPhenomenology and Theory of Superconductivity. Superconductor Forms and Their Critical Microwave Properties. Superconducting Substrate Materials. Application of Superconducting Technology to PassiveComponents. Applications of Superconducting Thin Films to Active Rf Componentsand Circuits. Performance Improvement of Solid-State Devices at CryogenicTemperatures. Application of Superconductor Technology to Components Used inRadar, Communication, Space, and Electronic Warfare. Applications of Superconducting Technology to ElectroopticalComponents and Systems. Applications of LTSC and HTSC Technology to Medical DiagnosticEquipment. Application of Superconducting Technology to Generators, Motors,and Transmission Lines. Cryogenic Refrigerator Systems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe semiconductor industry is moving toward gas-phase reagents, increasing the relative importance of gas purity. Anyone who deals in the manufacturing of these devices needs to understand the technology available for modern gas analysis. Most specialty gas vendors have some re in place for quality assurance, but these usually are very simplistic and outdated methods. No book was available that gave guidance on providing accurate, reproducible data on specialty gas products. This is the first book that provides an introduction to current analytical methods and equipment for the analysis of high- purity gases used in the semiconductor industry and related fields.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: The Specialty Gas Industry/ Historical Gas Industry/ Historical Development of Gas Analysis/ The Path less Taken: Fruitless Pursuits in Specialty Gas Analysis/ Contemporary Gas Analysis: Equipment and Methods/ Future Directions in the Specialty Gas Field.

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Book SynopsisContaining the most reliable parameter values for each of these semiconductor materials, along with applicable references, these data are organized in a structured, logical way for each semiconductor material. * Reviews traditional semiconductor materials as well as new, advanced semiconductors. * Essential authoritative handbook on the properties of semiconductor materials.Trade Review"Six contributed chapters describe the key properties of emerging semiconductor materials systems with exciting potential..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 2 June 2001) "Anyone working with these materials will find the up-to-date information summarized in this handbook extremely useful and handy...this handbook has the potential to become on of the most cited reference books in upcoming years." (MRS Bulletin, September 2001)Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Gallium Nitride (GaN) (V. Bougrov, et al.). Aluminum Nitride (AIN) (Y. Goldberg). Indium Nitride (InN) (A. Zubrilov). Boron Nitride (BN) (S. Rumyantsev, et al.). Silicon Carbide (SiC) (Y. Goldberg, et al.). Silicon-Germanium (Si_1-xGe_x) (F. Schäffler). Appendix 1: Basic Physical Constants. Appendix 2: Periodic Table of the Elements. Appendix 3: Rectangular Coordinates for Hexagonal Crystal. Appendix 4: The First Brillouin Zone for Wurtzite Crystal. Appendix 5: Zinc Blende Structure. Appendix 6: The First Brillouin Zone for Zinc Blende Crystal. Additional References.

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Book SynopsisThis reference explores MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductors) which are the ceramic semiconductors that are responsible for today's electronic revolution. These materials' ability to hold an electric charge allowed the transistor to replace the vacuum tube and paved the way for the miniaturization of electronic goods.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Field Effect. Metal Oxide Silicon Capacitor at Low Frequencies. Metal Oxide Silicon Capacitor at Intermediate and High Frequencies. Extraction of Interface Trap Properties from the Conductance. Interfacial Nonuniformities. Experimental Evidence for Interface Trap Properties. Extraction of Interface Trap Properties from the Capacitance. Measurement of Silicon Properties. Charges, Barrier Heights, and Flatband Voltage. Charge Trapping in the Oxide. Instrumentation for Measuring Capacitor Characteristics. Oxidation of Silicon--Oxidation Kinetics. Oxidation of Silicon--Technology. Control of Oxide Charges. Models of the Interface. Appendices. Subject Index. Symbol Index.

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Book SynopsisAn interdisciplinary work offering an introduction to the basic principles and operational characteristics of semiconductor sensors. Describes sensor technology, stressing bulk and surface micromachining. Considers a sensor group related to a special physical, chemical or biological input signal. The final chapter deals with integrated sensors.Table of ContentsClassification and Terminology of Sensors (S. Sze). Semiconductor Sensor Technologies (C. Mastrangelo & W. Tang). Acoustic Sensors (M. Motamedi & R. White). Mechanical Sensors (B. Kloeck & N. de Rooij). Magnetic Sensors (H. Baltes & R. Castagnetti). Radiation Sensors (S. Audet & J. Steigerwald). Thermal Sensors (S. Van Herwaarden & G. Meijer). Chemical Sensors (S. Morrison). Biosensors (A. Dewa & W. Ko). Integrated Sensors (K. Najafi, et al.). Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on the principles of solid-state sensor operations, demonstrating the interdisciplinary science that governs modern sensing devices. The text covers fabrication technology, device performance, areas of application and integration/multiplexing trends in sensor development.Table of ContentsInteractions of Gases with Surfaces: The H2 Case. Gas-Sensitive Solid State Semiconductor Sensors. Photonic and Photoacoustic Gas Sensors. Fiber-Optic Sensors. Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors. Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors. Pyroelectric and Thermal Sensors. Future Trends. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisPart of a series of textbooks designed for use at undergraduate level. This second edition covers the whole range of solid state physics, including important recent developments, and aims to present the material in an accessible and simplified manner.Table of ContentsCrystal Structure. Crystal Dynamics. Free Electrons in Metals. The Effect of the Periodic Lattice Potential--Energy Bands. Semiconductors. Semiconductor Devices. Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism. Magnetic Order. Electric Properties of Insulators. Superconductivity. Waves in Crystals. Scattering of Neutrons and Electrons from Solids. Real Metals. Low-Dimensional Systems. Appendices. Bibliography. Solutions to Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisDivided into two parts, this work begins with preliminary comments regarding the definition of "surface phases" and briefly describes the basics of two-dimensional crystallography, including background information about the formation and characterization of surface phases on silicon.Table of ContentsPRELIMINARY COMMENTS. Preliminary Comments. REVIEW OF SURFACE PHASES ON SILICON. Atomically-Clean Silicon Surfaces. Adsorbates on Silicon Surfaces. Supplements. Index.

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Book SynopsisFailure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices Second Edition E. Ajith Amerasekera Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas, USA Farid N. Najm University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Since the successful first edition of Failure Mechanisms in Semiconductor Devices, semiconductor technology has become increasingly important. The high complexity of today''s integrated circuits has engendered a demand for greater component reliability. Reflecting the need for guaranteed performance in consumer applications, this thoroughly updated edition includes more detailed material on reliability modelling and prediction. The book analyses the main failure mechanisms in terms of cause, effects and prevention and explains the mathematics behind reliability analysis. The authors detail methodologies for the identification of failures and describe the approaches for building reliability into semiconductor devices. Their thorough yet accessible text covers the physics of failure mechanisms from the semiconducTable of ContentsReliability Mathematics. Principal Failure Mechanisms. Failure Mechanisms in Technologies and Circuits. Reliability Testing. Reliability Prediction. Screening. Failure Analysis. Quality Assurance. Appendix. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisOffers a concise, modern introduction to semiconductor physics, presenting all the basic information necessary to understand semiconductors, along with some of the latest theories and developments.Trade Review"With semiconductor device shrinks approaching the atomic level it is important to start considering the basic physics of semiconductors. For those with a working knowledge of quantum mechanics, "Essentials of Semiconductor Physics" by Tom Wenckebach is a good place to start." (European Design and Semiconductor Production, November 1999)Table of ContentsElectrons, Nuclei and Hamiltonians. Band Structure. The K ? p-Approximation. Effective Mass Theory. The Crystal Lattice. Electron-Phonon Coupling. Charge Transport. Optical Transitions. Appendices. Exercises. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the field, including the way such structures are grown, how experiments on the structures have clarified long-standing theoretical predictions, how the structures are characterized, and the performance of devices developed from the structures.Trade Review"It covers the way structures are grown, how they are characterized..." (La Doc Sti, Vol. 369, January 1999)Table of ContentsFabrication Techniques for Quantum Dots. Self-Organization Concepts on Crystal Surfaces. Growth and Structural Characterization of Self-Organized Quantum Dots. Modeling of Ideal and Real Quantum Dots. Electronic and Optical Properties. Electrical Properties. Photonic Devices. References. Index.

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