Condensed matter physics Books

Book SynopsisA core principle of physics is knowledge gained from data. Thus, deep learning has instantly entered physics and may become a new paradigm in basic and applied research.This textbook addresses physics students and physicists who want to understand what deep learning actually means, and what is the potential for their own scientific projects. Being familiar with linear algebra and parameter optimization is sufficient to jump-start deep learning. Adopting a pragmatic approach, basic and advanced applications in physics research are described. Also offered are simple hands-on exercises for implementing deep networks for which python code and training data can be downloaded.

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Book SynopsisProfessor Freeman Dyson, a great physicist, thinker and futurist, has been very active in scientific, literary and public policy activities throughout his career. As a tribute to him on the occasion of his 90th birthday and to celebrate his lifelong contributions in physics, mathematics, astronomy, nuclear engineering and global warming, a conference covering a wide range of topics was held in Singapore from 26 to 29 August 2013. Distinguished scientists from around the world, including Nobel Laureate Professor David Gross, joined Professor Dyson in the celebration with a festival of lectures.This memorable volume collects an interesting lecture by Professor Dyson, Is a Graviton Detectable?, contributions by speakers at the conference, as well as guest contributions by colleagues who celebrated Dyson's birthday at Rutgers University and Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.About Freeman DysonFreeman John Dyson FRS, born December 15, 1923, is an eminent English-born American physicist, mathematician, and futurist. He is famous for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, mathematics, astronomy and nuclear engineering, as well as a renowned and best-selling author. He has spent most of his life as a professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, taking time off to advise the US government and write books for the public. He has won numerous notable awards including the Enrico Fermi Award, Templeton Prize, Wolf Prize, Pomeranchuk Prize, and Henri Poincaré Prize.Table of ContentsIs a Graviton Detectable? (F Dyson); Dark Energy and Dark Matter in a Superfluid Universe (K Huang); Tenth-order QED contribution to the electron g-2 and high precision test of Quantum Electrodynamics (T Kinoshita); The Relativity of Space-Time-Property (R Delbourgo); Overview of the study of complex shapes of fluid membranes, the Helfrich model and new applications (O Zhong-can); Freeman in 1948 (C DeWitt); "Dear Professor Dyson": Twenty Years of Correspondence Between Freeman Dyson and Undergraduate Students (D Neuenschwander); Freeman Dyson: Some Early Recollections (M Longuet-Higgins); Carbon Humanism: Freeman Dyson and the looming battle between environmentalists and humanists (P Schewe).

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Book SynopsisUnraveling the mystery of the negative thermal expansion of liquid water has been a challenge for scientists for centuries. Various theories have been proposed so far, but none has been able to solve this mystery. Since the thermodynamic properties of matter are determined by the interaction between particles, the mystery can be solved fundamentally if the thermodynamic physical quantities using the laws of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are determined, the experimental results are reproduced, and the phenomena in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles are elucidated. In this sense, this book has fundamentally unraveled this mystery. In addition, it discusses the mysteries of isothermal compressibility, structural diversity, as well as liquefaction and boiling points of water in relation to the shape of the interaction between particles. It carefully explains the analysis and calculation methods so that they can be easily understood by the readers. Table of Contents1. Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Fluids 2. Strange Temperature Change of Water Density 3. Fundamental Clarification of Thermodynamic Phenomena in Water 4. Variety of Shapes of Water-Molecule Interactions 5. Ornstein-Zernike Equation 6. Calculation Procedure of SCOZA 7. Pressure and Chemical Potential 8. Thermodynamic Properties of Subcritical Fluids

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Book SynopsisThe Ising model provides a detailed mathematical description of ferromagnetism and is widely used in statistical physics and condensed matter physics. In this Student''s Guide, the author demystifies the mathematical framework of the Ising model and provides students with a clear understanding of both its physical significance, and how to apply it successfully in their calculations. Key topics related to the Ising model are covered, including exact solutions of both finite and infinite systems, series expansions about high and low temperatures, mean-field approximation methods, and renormalization-group calculations. The book also incorporates plots, figures, and tables to highlight the significance of the results. Designed as a supplementary resource for undergraduate and graduate students, each chapter includes a selection of exercises intended to reinforce and extend important concepts, and solutions are also available for all exercises.Table of Contents1. The Ising model; 2. Finite Ising systems; 3. Partial summations and effective interactions; 4. Infinite Ising systems in one dimension; 5. The Onsager solution and exact series expansions; 6. The mean-field approach; 7. Position-space renormalization-group techniques; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a highly integrated, step-by-step approach to the design and construction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. It is effectively two books in one: A textbook on cryostat design techniques and an appendix data handbook that provides materials-property data for carrying out that design. The main text encompasses a wide range of information, written for specialists, without leaving beginning students behind. After summarizing cooling methods, Part I provides core information in an accessible style on techniques for cryostat design and fabrication - including heat-transfer design, selection of materials, construction, wiring, and thermometry, accompanied by many graphs, data, and clear examples. Part II gives a practical user''s perspective of sample mounting techniques and contact technology. Part III applies the information from Parts I and II to the measurement and analysis of superconductor critical currents, including in-depth measurement techniques and the latest developments in data analysis and scaling theory. The appendix is a ready reference handbook for cryostat design, encompassing seventy tables compiled from the contributions of experts and over fifty years of literature.Trade ReviewThis book presents a highly integrated, step-by-step approach to the design and construction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. * Bulletin of the Institute of Refrigeration *Overall, I highly recommend Ekin's book. It is informative and well written, for beginners who are starting research at low temperatures and for veterans who will benefit from the author's experience. George O. Zimmerman, Physics Today, May 2007, page 67This extensively illustrated book presents a step-by-step approach to the design and constuction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. Many recent developments in the field not previously published are covered in this volume. * CERN Courier *I could not wait for this book to appear in print. I will make it required reading for anyone designing cryogenic probes for use in our laboratory. * Bruce Brandt, U.S.National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida *I am very impressed with the mixture of rigour and practicality that the book offers.[...] The charts are a treasure trove of practical information. * Mark Colclough, University of Birmingham *Beginners as well as [specialists] should have such a text, including the copious data on cryogenics ... * Hisayasu Kobayashi, University of Tokyo *I really liked the example calculations [...] If you don't find the information in the text, one can be sure that it's in the Appendix. This makes the text a 'stand-alone' book on cryostat design. * Karsten Guth, Universität Göttingen *Table of ContentsPART I ; PART II ; PART III

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Ceramics presents readers with an exceptionally clear and comprehensive introduction to ceramic science. This Second Edition updates problems and adds more worked examples, as well as adding new chapter sections on Computational Materials Science and Case Studies. The Computational Materials Science sections describe how today density functional theory and molecular dynamics calculations can shed valuable light on properties, especially ones that are not easy to measure or visualize otherwise such as surface energies, elastic constants, point defect energies, phonon modes, etc. The Case Studies sections focus more on applications, such as solid oxide fuel cells, optical fibers, alumina forming materials, ultra-strong and thin glasses, glass-ceramics, strong and tough ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, thermal barrier coatings, the space shuttle tiles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, two-dimensional solids, field-assisted and microwavTable of ContentsCONTENTSSeries Preface xiPreface to the Second Edition xiiiPreface to First Edition xvAuthor xix1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Definition of Ceramics 21.3 Elementary Crystallography 31.4 Ceramic Microstructures 61.5 Traditional versus Advanced Ceramics 61.6 General Characteristics of Ceramics 71.7 Applications 71.8 The Future 9Additional Reading 112 Bonding in Ceramics 132.1 Introduction 132.2 Structure of Atoms 142.3 Ionic versus Covalent Bonding 232.4 Ionic Bonding 232.5 Ionically Bonded Solids 282.6 Covalent Bond Formation 342.7 Covalently Bonded Solids 372.8 Band Theory of Solids 372.9 Summary 49Appendix 2A: Kinetic Energy of Free Electrons 50Additional Reading 52Other References 533 Structure of Ceramics 553.1 Introduction 553.2 Ceramic Structures 573.3 Binary Ionic Compounds 623.4 Composite Crystal Structures 673.5 Structure of Covalent Ceramics 703.6 Structure of Layered Ceramics 703.7 Structure of Silicates 713.8 Lattice Parameters and Density 773.9 Summary 85Appendix 3A 86Additional Reading 92Other References 924 Effect of Chemical Forces on PhysicalProperties 934.1 Introduction 934.2 Melting Points 944.3 Thermal Expansion 994.4 Young’s Modulus and the Strength ofPerfect Solids 1004.5 Surface Energy 1064.6 Frequencies of Atomic Vibrations 1084.7 Summary 113Additional Reading 116Multimedia References and Databases 1165 Thermodynamic and KineticConsiderations 1175.1 Introduction 1175.2 Free Energy 1185.3 Chemical Equilibrium and the Mass ActionExpression 1295.4 Chemical Stability Domains 1305.5 Electrochemical Potentials 1335.6 Charged Interfaces, Double Layers andDebye Lengths 1345.7 Gibbs–Duhem Relation for Binary Oxides 1355.8 Kinetic Considerations 1385.9 Summary 142Appendix 5A: Derivation of Eq. (5.27) 142Additional Reading 145Thermodynamic Data 1456 Defects in Ceramics 1476.1 Introduction 1476.2 Point Defects 1486.3 Linear Defects 1766.4 Planar Defects 1786.5 Summary 184Additional Reading 1877 Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity 1897.1 Introduction 1897.2 Diffusion 1907.3 Electrical Conductivity 2067.4 Ambipolar Diffusion 2247.5 Relationships between Self-, Tracer,Chemical, Ambipolar and Defect DiffusionCoefficients 2367.6 Summary 243Appendix 7A: Relationship between Fick’s FirstLaw and Eq. (7.30) 245Appendix 7B: Effective Mass and Density of States 246Appendix 7C: Derivation of Eq. (7.79) 248Appendix 7D: Derivation of Eq. (7.92) 248Additional Reading 255Other References 2558 Phase Equilibria 2578.1 Introduction 2578.2 Phase Rule 2588.3 One-Component Systems 2598.4 Binary Systems 2628.5 Ternary Systems 2708.6 Free-Energy Composition and TemperatureDiagrams 2718.7 Summary 276Additional Reading 277Phase Diagram Information 2789 Formation, Structure and Properties ofGlasses 2799.1 Introduction 2799.2 Glass Formation 2809.3 Glass Structure 2939.4 Glass Properties 2959.5 Summary 309Appendix 9A: Derivation of Eq. (9.7) 310Additional Reading 313Other References 31410 Sintering and Grain Growth 31510.1 Introduction 31510.2 Solid-State Sintering 31710.3 Solid-State Sintering Kinetics 32710.4 Liquid-Phase Sintering 34910.5 Hot Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing 35510.6 Summary 359Appendix 10A: Derivation of the Gibbs–Thompson Equation 360Appendix 10B: Radii of Curvature 361Appendix 10C: Derivation of Eq. (10.20) 362Appendix 10D: Derivation of Eq. (10.22) 363Additional Reading 367Other References 36811 Mechanical Properties: Fast Fracture 36911.1 Introduction 36911.2 Fracture Toughness 37311.3 Atomistic Aspects of Fracture 38311.4 Strength of Ceramics 38511.5 Toughening Mechanisms 39211.6 Designing with Ceramics 39911.7 Summary 408Additional Reading 41312 Creep, Subcritical Crack Growth andFatigue 41512.1 Introduction 41512.2 Creep 41612.3 Subcritical Crack Growth 43012.4 Fatigue of Ceramics 43612.5 Lifetime Predictions 43912.6 Summary 450Appendix 12A: Derivation of Eq. (12.24) 451Additional Reading 45613 Thermal Properties 45913.1 Introduction 45913.2 Thermal Stresses 46013.3 Thermal Shock 46413.4 Spontaneous Microcracking of Ceramics 46913.5 Thermal Tempering of Glass 47213.6 Thermal Conductivity 47313.7 Summary 479Additional Reading 482Other Resources 48214 Linear Dielectric Properties 48314.1 Introduction 48314.2 Basic Theory 48414.3 Equivalent Circuit Description of LinearDielectrics 48914.4 Polarization Mechanisms 49414.5 Dielectric Loss 51314.6 Dielectric Breakdown 51414.7 Capacitors and Insulators 51514.8 Summary 520Appendix 14A: Local Electric Field 521Additional Reading 52715 Magnetic and Nonlinear DielectricProperties 52915.1 Introduction 52915.2 Basic Theory 53015.3 Microscopic Theory 53615.4 Para-, Ferro-, Antiferro-, andFerrimagnetism 54015.5 Magnetic Domains and Hysteresis Curves 54815.6 Magnetic Ceramics and Their Applications 55215.7 Piezo- and Ferroelectric Ceramics 55915.8 Summary 572Appendix 15A: Orbital Magnetic QuantumNumber 573Additional Reading 57616 Optical Properties 57716.1 Introduction 57716.2 Basic Principles 57916.3 Absorption and Transmission 59016.4 Scattering and Opacity 59616.6 Summary 605Appendix 16A: Coherence 606Appendix 16B: Assumptions Made in DerivingEq. (16.24) 606Additional Reading 610Index 611

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Book SynopsisAn introduction to the area of condensed matter in a nutshell. This textbook covers the standard topics, including crystal structures, energy bands, phonons, optical properties, ferroelectricity, superconductivity, and magnetism.Trade Review"Don't skip the introduction. It will not only re-energize those synapses which remember the history of chemistry, geology, and crystal growth, but it also poses some apparently simple questions which reveal the thrust of modern material research--all in eight pages."--Bruce L. Dietrich, PlanetarianTable of ContentsPreface xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 1900-1910 1 1.2 Crystal Growth 2 1.3 Materials by Design 4 1.4 Artificial Structures 5 Chapter 2: Crystal Structures 9 2.1 Lattice Vectors 9 2.2 Reciprocal Lattice Vectors 11 2.3 Two Dimensions 13 2.4 Three Dimensions 15 2.5 Compounds 19 2.6 Measuring Crystal Structures 21 2.6.1 X-ray Scattering 22 2.6.2 Electron Scattering 23 2.6.3 Neutron Scattering 23 2.7 Structure Factor 25 2.8 EXAFS 26 2.9 Optical Lattices 28 Chapter 3: Emergy Bands 31 3.1 Bloch's Theorem 31 3.1.1 Floquet's Theorem 32 3.2 Nearly Free Electron Bands 36 3.2.1 Periodic Potentials 36 3.3 Tight-binding Bands 38 3.3.1 s-State Bands 38 3.3.2 p-State Bands 41 3.3.3 Wannier Functions 43 3.4 Semiconductor Energy Bands 44 3.4.1 What Is a Semiconductor? 44 3.4.2 Si, Ge, GaAs 47 3.4.3 HgTe and CdTe 50 3.4.4 k * p Theory 51 3.4.5 Electron Velocity 55 3.5 Density of States 55 3.5.1 Dynamical Mean Field Theory 58 3.6 Pseudopotentials 60 3.7 Measurement of Energy Bands 62 3.7.1 Cyclotron Resonance 62 3.7.2 Synchrotron Band Mapping 63 Chapter 4: Insulators 68 4.1 Rare Gas Solids 68 4.2 Ionic Crystals 69 4.2.1 Madelung energy 71 4.2.2 Polarization Interactions 72 4.2.3 Van der Waals Interaction 75 4.2.4 Ionic Radii 75 4.2.5 Repulsive Energy 76 4.2.6 Phonons 77 4.3 Dielectric Screening 78 4.3.1 Dielectric Function 78 4.3.2 Polarizabilities 80 4.4 Ferroelectrics 82 4.4.1 Microscopic Theory 83 4.4.2 Thermodynamics 87 4.4.3 SrTiO3 89 4.4.4 BaTiO3 91 Chapter 5: Free Electron Metals 94 5.1 Introduction 94 5.2 Free Electrons 96 5.2.1 Electron Density 96 5.2.2 Density of States 97 5.2.3 Nonzero Temperatures 98 5.2.4 Two Dimensions 101 5.2.5 Fermi Surfaces 102 5.2.6 Thermionic Emission 104 5.3 Magnetic Fields 105 5.3.1 Integer Quantum Hall Effect 107 5.3.2 Fractional Quantum Hall Effect 110 5.3.3 Composite Fermions 113 5.3.4 deHaas-van Alphen Effect 113 5.4 Quantization of Orbits 117 5.4.1 Cyclotron Resonance 119 Chapter 6: Electron-Electron Interactions 127 6.1 Second Quantization 128 6.1.1 Tight-binding Models 131 6.1.2 Nearly Free Electrons 131 6.1.3 Hartree Energy: Wigner-Seitz 134 6.1.4 Exchange Energy 136 6.1.5 Compressibility 138 6.2 Density Operator 141 6.2.1 Two Theorems 142 6.2.2 Equations of Motion 143 6.2.3 Plasma Oscillations 144 6.2.4 Exchange Hole 146 6.3 Density Functional Theory 148 6.3.1 Functional Derivatives 149 6.3.2 Kinetic Energy 150 6.3.3 Kohn-Sham Equations 151 6.3.4 Exchange and Correlation 152 6.3.5 Application to Atoms 154 6.3.6 Time-dependent Local Density Approximation 155 6.3.7 TDLDA in Solids 157 6.4 Dielectric Function 158 6.4.1 Random Phase Approximation 159 6.4.2 Properties of P (q, w) 161 6.4.3 Hubbard-Singwi Dielectric Functions 164 6.5 Impurities in Metals 165 6.5.1 Friedel Analysis 166 6.5.2 RKKY Interaction 170 Chapter 7: Phonons 176 7.1 Phonon Dispersion 176 7.1.1 Spring Constants 177 7.1.2 Example: Square Lattice 179 7.1.3 Polar Crystals 181 7.1.4 Phonons 181 7.1.5 Dielectric Function 185 7.2 Phonon Operators 187 7.2.1 Simple Harmonic Oscillator 187 7.2.2 Phonons in One Dimension 189 7.2.3 Binary Chain 192 7.3 Phonon Density of States 195 7.3.1 Phonon Heat Capacity 197 7.3.2 Isotopes 199 7.4 Local Modes 203 7.5 Elasticity 205 7.5.1 Stress and Strain 205 7.5.2 Isotropic Materials 208 7.5.3 Boundary Conditions 210 7.5.4 Defect Interactions 211 7.5.5 Piezoelectricity 214 7.5.6 Phonon Focusing 215 7.6 Thermal Expansion 216 7.7 Debye-Waller Factor 217 7.8 Solitons 220 7.8.1 Solitary Waves 220 7.8.2 Cnoidal Functions 222 7.8.3 Periodic Solutions 223 Chapter 8: Boson Systems 230 8.1 Second Quantization 230 8.2 Superfluidity 232 8.2.1 Bose-Einstein Condensation 232 8.2.2 Bogoliubov Theory of Superfluidity 234 8.2.3 Off-diagonal Long-range Order 240 8.3 Spin Waves 244 8.3.1 Jordan-Wigner Transformation 245 8.3.2 Holstein-Primakoff Transformation 247 8.3.3 Heisenberg Model 248 Chapter 9: Electron-Phonon Interactions 254 9.1 Semiconductors and Insulators 254 9.1.1 Deformation Potentials 255 9.1.2 Frohlich Interaction 257 9.1.3 Piezoelectric Interaction 258 9.1.4 Tight-binding Models 259 9.1.5 Electron Self-energies 260 9.2 Electron-Phonon Interaction in Metals 263 9.2.1 ? 264 9.2.2 Phonon Frequencies 267 9.2.3 Electron-Phonon Mass Enhancement 268 9.3 Peierls Transition 272 9.4 Phonon-mediated Interactions 276 9.4.1 Fixed Electrons 276 9.4.2 Dynamical Phonon Exchange 278 9.5 Electron-Phonon Effects at Defects 281 9.5.1 F-Centers 281 9.5.2 Jahn-Teller Effect 284 Chapter 10: Extrinsic Semiconductors 287 10.1 Introduction 287 10.1.1 Impurities and Defects in Silicon 288 10.1.2 Donors 289 10.1.3 Statistical Mechanics of Defects 292 10.1.4 n-p Product 294 10.1.5 Chemical Potential 295 10.1.6 Schottky Barriers 297 10.2 Localization 301 10.2.1 Mott Localization 301 10.2.2 Anderson Localization 304 10.2.3 Weak Localization 304 10.2.4 Percolation 306 10.3 Variable Range Hopping 310 10.4 Mobility Edge 311 10.5 Band Gap Narrowing 312 Chapter 11: Transport Phenomena 320 11.1 Introduction 320 11.2 Drude Theory 321 11.3 Bloch Oscillations 322 11.4 Boltzmann Equation 324 11.5 Currents 327 11.5.1 Transport Coefficients 327 11.5.2 Metals 329 11.5.3 Semiconductors and Insulators 333 11.6 Impurity Scattering 335 11.6.1 Screened Impurity Scattering 336 11.6.2 T-matrix Description 337 11.6.3 Mooij Correlation 338 11.7 Electron-Phonon Interaction 340 11.7.1 Lifetime 341 11.7.2 Semiconductors 343 11.7.3 Saturation Velocity 344 11.7.4 Metals 347 11.7.5 Temperature Relaxation 348 11.8 Ballistic Transport 350 11.9 Carrier Drag 353 11.10 Electron Tunneling 355 11.10.1 Giaever Tunneling 356 11.10.2 Esaki Diode 358 11.10.3 Schottky Barrier Tunneling 361 11.10.4 Effective Mass Matching 362 11.11 Phonon Transport 364 11.11.1 Transport in Three Dimensions 364 11.11.2 Minimum Thermal Conductivity 365 11.11.3 Kapitza Resistance 366 11.11.4 Measuring Thermal Conductivity 368 11.12 Thermoelectric Devices 370 11.12.1 Maximum Cooling 371 11.12.2 Refrigerator 373 11.12.3 Power Generation 374 Chapter 12: Optical Properties 379 12.1 Introduction 379 12.1.1 Optical Functions 379 12.1.2 Kramers-Kronig Analysis 381 12.2 Simple Metals 383 12.2.1 Drude 383 12.3 Force-Force Correlations 385 12.3.1 Impurity Scattering 386 12.3.2 Interband Scattering 388 12.4 Optical Absorption 389 12.4.1 Interband Transitions in Insulators 389 12.4.2 Wannier Excitons 392 12.4.3 Frenkel Excitons 395 12.5 X-Ray Edge Singularity 396 12.6 Photoemission 399 12.7 Conducting Polymers 401 12.8 Polaritons 404 12.8.1 Phonon Polaritons 404 12.8.2 Plasmon Polaritons 405 12.9 Surface Polaritons 406 12.9.1 Surface Plasmons 408 12.9.2 Surface Optical Phonons 410 12.9.3 Surface Charge Density 413 Chapter 13: Magnetism 418 13.1 Introduction 418 13.2 Simple Magnets 418 13.2.1 Atomic Magnets 418 13.2.2 Hund's Rules 418 13.2.3 Curie's Law 420 13.2.4 Ferromagnetism 422 13.2.5 Antiferromagnetism 423 13.3 3d Metals 424 13.4 Theories of Magnetism 425 13.4.1 Ising and Heisenberg Models 425 13.4.2 Mean Field Theory 427 13.4.3 Landau Theory 431 13.4.4 Critical Phenomena 433 13.5 Magnetic Susceptibility 434 13.6 Ising Model 436 13.6.1 One Dimension 436 13.6.2 Two and Three Dimensions 437 13.6.3 Bethe Lattice 439 13.6.4 Order-Disorder Transitions 443 13.6.5 Lattice Gas 445 13.7 Topological Phase Transitions 446 13.7.1 Vortices 447 13.7.2 XY-Model 448 13.8 Kondo Effect 452 13.8.1 sd-Interaction 453 13.8.2 Spin-flip Scattering 454 13.8.3 Kondo Resonance 456 13.9 Hubbard Model 458 13.9.1 U = 0 Solution 459 13.9.2 Atomic Limit 460 13.9.3 U > 0 460 13.9.4 Half-filling 462 Chapter 14: Superconductivity 467 14.1 Discovery of Superconductivity 467 14.1.1 Zero resistance 467 14.1.2 Meissner Effect 468 14.1.3 Three Eras of Superconductivity 469 14.2 Theories of Superconductivity 473 14.2.1 London Equation 473 14.2.2 Ginzburg-Landau Theory 475 14.2.3 Type II 478 14.3 BCS Theory 479 14.3.1 History of Theory 479 14.3.2 Effective Hamiltonian 480 14.3.3 Pairing States 481 14.3.4 Gap Equation 483 14.3.5 d-Wave Energy Gaps 486 14.3.6 Density of States 487 14.3.7 Ultrasonic Attenuation 489 14.3.8 Meissner Effect 490 14.4 Electron Tunneling 492 14.4.1 Normal-Superconductor 494 14.4.2 Superconductor-Superconductor 497 14.4.3 Josephson Tunneling 498 14.4.4 Andreev Tunneling 501 14.4.5 Corner Junctions 502 14.5 Cuprate Superconductors 503 14.5.1 Muon Rotation 503 14.5.2 Magnetic Oscillations 506 14.6 Flux Quantization 507 Chapter 15: Nanometer Physics 511 15.1 Quantum Wells 512 15.1.1 Lattice Matching 512 15.1.2 Electron States 513 15.1.3 Excitons and Donors in Quantum Wells 515 15.1.4 Modulation Doping 518 15.1.5 Electron Mobility 520 15.2 Graphene 520 15.2.1 Structure 521 15.2.2 Electron Energy Bands 522 15.2.3 Eigenvectors 525 15.2.4 Landau Levels 525 15.2.5 Electron-Phonon Interaction 526 15.2.6 Phonons 528 15.3 Carbon Nanotubes 530 15.3.1 Chirality 530 15.3.2 Electronic States 531 15.3.3 Phonons in Carbon Nanotubes 536 15.3.4 Electrical Resistivity 537 Appendix 541 Index 553

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Book SynopsisFeaturing detailed treatment of all aspects of vortex dynamics, from large scale to microscopic scale, this book draws together all the basic principles into one comprehensive volume. This is ideal for students and researchers seeking to gain a deeper insight into the physical nature and applications of quantum vorticity.Table of Contents1. Hydrodynamics of a one-component classical fluid; 2. Dynamics of a single vortex line; 3. Vortex array in a rotating superfluid: elasticity and macroscopic hydrodynamics; 4. Oscillation of finite vortex arrays. Two-dimensional boundary problems; 5. Vortex oscillations in finite rotating containers. Three-dimensional boundary problems; 6. Vortex dynamics in two-fluid hydrodynamics; 7. Boundary problems in two-fluid hydrodynamics; 8. Mutual friction; 9. Mutual friction and vortex mass in Fermi superfluids; 10. Vortex dynamics and hydrodynamics of a chiral superfluid; 11. Nucleation of vortices; 12. Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory and vortex dynamics in thin films; 13. Vortex dynamics in lattice superfluids; 14. Elements of theory of quantum turbulence; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a pioneer in the field, this text provides a complete introduction to X-ray microscopy, providing all of the technical background required to use, understand and even develop X-ray microscopes. Starting from the basics of X-ray physics and focusing optics, it goes on to cover imaging theory, tomography, chemical and elemental analysis, lensless imaging, computational methods, instrumentation, radiation damage, and cryomicroscopy, and includes a survey of recent scientific applications. Designed as a ''one-stop'' text, it provides a unified notation, and shows how computational methods in different areas are linked with one another. Including numerous derivations, and illustrated with dozens of examples throughout, this is an essential text for academics and practitioners across engineering, the physical sciences and the life sciences who use X-ray microscopy to analyze their specimens, as well as those taking courses in X-ray microscopy.Trade Review'This magnificent treatise, beautifully printed (in Singapore) by Cambridge University Press, covers the subject methodically in twelve chapters … The tone is relaxed but rigorous, there is no sacrifice of exactitude to readability, though readability is certainly a priority …' P.W. Hawkes, Ultramicroscopy'This text provides an in-depth examination of X-ray microscopy … Though the title suggests the volume focuses on a narrow topic, the fact that almost half the book covers broader physics and microscopy topics makes it potentially relevant to a much wider audience. Readers with the necessary background can take advantage of the mathematical explanations behind the physics. All readers can enjoy the limericks that conclude each chapter.' T. P. Owen Jr., ChoiceTable of Contents1. X-ray microscopes: a short introduction; 2. A bit of history; 3. X-ray physics; 4. Imaging Physics; 5. X-ray focusing optics; 6. X-ray microscope systems; 7. X-ray microscope instrumentation; 8. X-ray tomography; 9. X-ray spectromicroscopy; 10. Coherent imaging; 11. Radiation damage and cryo microscopy; 12. Applications, and future prospects.

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Book SynopsisQuantum annealing is a new-generation tool of information technology, which helps in solving combinatorial optimization problems with high precision, based on the concepts of quantum statistical physics. Detailed discussion on quantum spin glasses and its application in solving combinatorial optimization problems is required for better understanding of quantum annealing concepts. Fulfilling this requirement, the book highlights recent development in quantum spin glasses including Nishimori line, replica method and quantum annealing methods along with the essential principles. Separate chapters on simulated annealing, quantum dynamics and classical spin models are provided for enhanced learning. Important topics including adiabatic quantum computers and quenching dynamics are discussed in detail. This text will be useful for students of quantum computation, quantum information, statistical physics and computer science.Table of ContentsList of tables; List of figures, Preface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Quantum Spin Glass, Annealing and Computation: 2. Classical spin models from ferromagnetic spin systems to spin glasses; 3. Simulated annealing; 4. Quantum spin glass; 5. Quantum dynamics; 6. Quantum annealing; Part II. Additional Notes: 7. Notes on adiabatic quantum computers; 8. Quantum information and quenching dynamics; 9. A brief historical note on the studies of quantum glass, annealing and computation.

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Book SynopsisLearn about the most recent advances in 2D materials with this comprehensive and accessible text. Providing all the necessary materials science and physics background, leading experts discuss the fundamental properties of a wide range of 2D materials, and their potential applications in electronic, optoelectronic and photonic devices. Several important classes of materials are covered, from more established ones such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides, to new and emerging materials such as black phosphorus, silicene, and germanene. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the electronic structure and optical, thermal, mechanical, vibrational, spin and plasmonic properties of each material, as well as the different techniques that can be used for their synthesis. Presenting a unified perspective on 2D materials, this is an excellent resource for graduate students, researchers and practitioners working in nanotechnology, nanoelectronics, nanoTrade Review'This book, edited by the top researchers who have been working on atomically thin materials in the past decade, contains the essential contents of our current scientific understanding of this novel form of materials. The authors have compiled comprehensive and contemporary reviews on various topics ranging from fundamental science to engineering applications, providing an excellent textbook for students as well as references for experts in the research field.' Philip Kim, Harvard University, Massachusetts'This edited volume consists of 25 topical chapters contributed by scientists active in the growing field of 2D semiconductors, who summarize the most salient features of these intriguing materials. Contributions are grouped into three parts dedicated to graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and elemental group V layered semiconductors including phosphorene. Covered are the most actively researched topics synthesis, stability, thermal, and electronic properties including transport, optics, optoelectronics and spintronics, phonon structure, and mechanical properties of few-layer systems including heterostructures, as probed by state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical techniques. While emphasis is placed on the rigorous scientific representation of knowledge acquired to date, the contributors also offer a refreshing insight into potential applications of this new class of materials.' David Tomanek, Michigan State University'The field of 2D materials, which started with graphene, now includes dozens of one-atom thick crystals. Many of them demonstrate properties end effects which are equally exciting as those found for the famous ancestor. And, judging from the recent progress, the field will be developing very fast for many years ahead. This book, written by scientists who are the leaders in their fields, is the most comprehensive and up-to-date attempt to review this fast-developing subject. Starting with an in-depth summary on graphene, it moves to other 2D crystals, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorous and others, providing probably the most complete reference on the topic at the moment.' Kostya Novoselov, University of ManchesterTable of Contents1. Graphene: basic properties Mikhail I. Katsnelson and Annalisa Fasolino; 2. Electrical transport in graphene: carrier scattering by impurities and phonons Jian-Hao Chen; 3. Optical properties of graphene Feng Wang and Sufei Shi; 4. Graphene mechanical properties C. DiMarco, R. Li, S. Rastogi, J. Hone and J. W. Kysar; 5. Vibrations in graphene Ado Jorio, Luiz Gustavo Cançado and Leandro M. Malard; 6. Thermal properties of graphene: from physics to applications Alexander A. Balandin; 7. Graphene plasmonics Frank Koppens, Mark B. Lundeberg, Marco Polini, Tony Low and Phaedon Avouris; 8. Electron optics with graphene p-n junctions James R. Williams; 9. Graphene electronics Chen Wang, Xidong Duan and Xiangfeng Duan; 10. Graphene: optoelectronic devices Thomas Mueller and Phaedon Avouris; 11. Graphene spintronics Aron W. Cummings, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Frank Ortmann and Stephan Roche; 12. Graphene-BN heterostructures Lei Wang, James Hone and Cory. R. Dean; 13. Controlled growth of graphene crystals by chemical vapor deposition: from solid metals to liquid metals Dechao Geng and Kian Ping Loh; 14. Electronic properties and strain engineering in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides Rafael Roldán and Francisco Guinea; 15. Valley-spin physics in 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides Hongyi Yu and Wang Yao; 16. Electrical transport in MoS2, a prototypical semiconducting TMDC Andras Kis; 17. Optical properties of TMD heterostructures Pasqual Rivera, Wang Yao and Xiaodong Xu; 18. TMDs - optoelectronic devices Thomas Mueller; 19. Large area synthesis Yumeng Shi and Lain-Jong Li; 20. Defects in two-dimensional materials Xiaolong Zou and Boris I. Yakobson; 21. Theoretical overview of black phosphorus Tony Low, Andrey Chaves, Wei Ji, Jesse Maassen and Traian Dumitrica; 22. Anisotropic properties of black phosphorus Yuchen Du, Zhe Luo, Han Liu, Xianfan Xu and Peide D. Ye; 23. Optical properties and optoelectronic applications of black phosphorus Andres Castellanos-Gomez and Mo Li; 24. Silicene, germanene and stanene Guy Le Lay, Eric Salomon and Thierry Angot; 25. Predictions of single-layer honeycomb structures from first-principles S. Ciraci and S. Cahangirov.

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Book SynopsisDiscover a rigorous treatment of aerogels processing and techniques for characterization with this easy-to-use reference. Presents the basics of aerogel synthesis and gelation to open porous nanostructures, and the processing of wet gels like ambient and supercritical drying leading to aerogels. Describes their essential properties with their measurement techniques and theoretical models used to analyse relations to their nanostructure. Linking the fundamentals and with practical applications, this is a useful toolkit for advanced undergraduates, and graduate students doing research in material and polymer science, physical chemistry, and chemical and environmental engineering.Trade Review'an essential toolkit for aerogel chemistry encompassing both physics principles and engineering practices, suitable for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. The 14 well-conceived, masterfully executed chapters cover chemical synthesis, density, gels and gelation, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties. Five useful appendixes offer more-rigorous mathematical treatments of selected topics in polymer physics and thermodynamics. For more than just the fun of it, the authors thoughtfully include preparative recipes for cooking up something of an aerogel storm. Nice! And the book is nicely priced. Highly recommended.' L. W. Fine, Choice ConnectTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Monomeric Precursors; 3. Chemical Synthesis of Aerogels from Polymeric Precursors; 4. Gelation; 5. Drying of Wet Gels; 6. Morphology of Aerogels; 7. Density – Models and Measures; 8. Specific Surface Area; 9. Pores and Pore Sizes; 10. Diffusion in Aerogels; 11. Permeability for Gases; 12. Thermal Properties; 13. Mechanical Properties of Aerogels; 14. How to Cook Aerogels: Recipes and Procedures.

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Book SynopsisBased on an established course, this comprehensive textbook on advanced quantum condensed matter physics covers one-body, many-body and topological perspectives. Discussing modern topics and containing end-of-chapter exercises throughout, it is ideal for graduate students studying advanced condensed matter physics.Trade Review'… written in a very clear manner so that it can be understood by any student with a basic background in physics … the first part concentrates on basic concepts of solid state physics … such as the band theory and methods for energy-band calculations, phonons and lattice dynamics. The second part of the book is focused on topological phenomena in condensed matter-starting from a historical perspective and ending with modern aspects … such as Dirac materials and Dirac fermions. The largest part of the book deals with many-body physics, and in this context magnetism, superconductivity or Bose-Einstein condensation … useful exercises can be found at the end of each chapter, and a list of references is provided … This book is a very good guide for readers interested in modern aspects of condensed matter and a very good course of solid state physics. Therefore, a respectable physics library must have this book on its shelves.' Daniela Dragoman, Optics and Photonics News'The book is very comprehensive and deals with all areas of quantum condensed matter physics from the viewpoint of theoretical physics … I think that the book is an excellent introduction not only for condensed matter physicists but also for mathematicians who are familiar with quantum condensed matter physics.' Shuji Watanabe, zbMATHTable of ContentsPreface; Part I. One-Electron Theory: 1. Preliminaries; 2. Electrons and band theory: formalism in the one-electron approximation; 3. Electrons and band theory: methods of energy-band calculations; 4. Electrons and band theory: effects of spin-orbit interactions; 5. Linear response and the dielectric function; 6. Phonons and lattice dynamics; 7. Dimensionality, susceptibility and instabilities; Part II. Topological Phases: 8. Topological aspects of condensed matter physics: a historical perspective; 9. Topological preliminaries; 10. Berry-ology; 11. Topological aspects of insulator band structure and early discoveries; 12. Dirac materials and Dirac fermions; Part III. Many-Body Physics: 13. Many-body physics and second quantization; 14. The interacting electron gas; 15. Green functions for many-body systems and Feynman diagrams; 16. Path integrals; 17. Boson systems: Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity; 18. Landau Fermi liquid theory; 19. Non-Fermi liquids, the Luttinger liquid and bosonization; 20. Electron-Phonon interactions; 21. Microscopic theory of conventional superconductivity; 22. Quantum theory of magnetism: exchange coupling mechanisms; 23. Quantum theory of magnetism: magnetic insulator groundstates and spin-wave excitations; 24. Quantum theory of magnetism: itinerant-electron systems and Kondo effect; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisOffering a unified presentation of both metamaterials and metasurfaces, this book builds from basic nanophotonic principles towards cutting-edge original research. This advanced textbook will be invaluable to students and researchers working in the fields of optics and nanophotonics.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic (optical) properties of materials; 3. Metamaterials; 4. Metasurfaces; 5. Photonic crystals; 6. Nanophotonic applications of photonic crystals; 7. Plasmonics; 8. Building blocks for all-optical signal processing: Metatronics; 9. Selected topics of optical sensing; 10. Nanostructures for enhancement of solar cells; 11. Nanostructures for enhancement of thermophotovoltaic systems; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Theory of Quanta has a large area of applicability. Any motion, at the fundamental level, is quantum-mechanical, or includes quantum-mechanical motion. Quantum Mechanics encompasses motion forms from atoms, to atomic nuclei, molecules, chemical binding, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation, and transport phenomena. The book includes such quantum-mechanical theories, both in their standard form and original versions, with emphasis on their physical contents. 1) Ch. 1, The Atom, besides standard subjects, presents a new, original formulation of the Thomas-Fermi theory, which allows the possibility to arrive at new results like giant dipole oscillations in heavy atoms, atom ionization and chemical bonding. 2) Ch. 2, Molecules, puts emphasis on molecular spectra, including a semi-classical treatment of rotation spectra. The Jahn-Teller effect, with its various implications in many other areas, is discussed in detail. 3) Ch.3, The Atomic Nucleus, includes an original treatment of the nuclear dynamics, based on the mean-field idea. In particular, the Weizsacker mass formula is derived, nuclear instabilities are discussed and the statistical approach is presented. 4) Chs. 5-7 include an original presentation of the Electric and Magnetic Fields effects on atoms. The tunneling, both in static and oscillating electric fields, is presented, with application to atomic ionization, as well as the proton emission and the effect of high-intensity electric fields on alpha decay. The new subject of scattering of charges by laser pulses is presented in detail. 5) An interesting, new subject of transitions under change of parameters, including the dynamical Berry phase is given in Ch. 8, Change of Parameters. 6) Ch. 9, Stimulated Magnetic Resonance, presents a new phenomenon of magnetic resonance, generated by stimulated emission. 7) Ch. 10, Quantized Conductance, presents a new, original way of deriving the quanta of conductance in ballistic transport, or in magnetic field. 8) Ch. 11, Coherence, gives an extended account of the coherent interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with polarizable matter, with implication on the superradiance transition and possible new phenomena occurring in water. 9) Ch. 12, Chemical Bonding, is a description of the original theory of chemical bonding, based on the linearized Thomas-Fermi theory, with its basic application to formation of the metallic clusters. 10) Ch. 13, Quantum Theory of Radiation, is an exposition of the Dirac theory of radiation, and the interaction of the radiation with matter, following Fermi's famous article, a subject seldom presented in usual textbooks, in spite of its fundamental relevance. 11) The book ends with a thorough discussion of the place of the Quantum Mechanics in the realm of the Physical Science disciplines, emphasizing the fundamentally new, and very fruitful, quantum-mechanical vision.Table of ContentsIntroductionThe atomMoleculesAtomic NucleusStatic Electric FieldsOscillating Electric FieldsMagnetic FieldChange of ParametersStimulated Magnetic ResonanceQuantized Electrical ConductanceCoherenceChemical CohesionQuantum Theory of RadiationEpilogue: Physics and Quantum MechanicsIndex.

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Book SynopsisMany of the observed electronic properties of condensed matter systems such as clusters of atoms, solids with long or short range order (amorphous and liquid metals) are governed by the local atomic arrangements around the probe site. The topics in this important volume include: Molecules and clusters; Point defects and defect complexes in solids; Hydrogen and positive muons in metals and semiconductors; Disordered solids and liquid metals; Diffusion and clustering in bulk, on surfaces; and other restricted geometry; High temperature superconductors including C60 assembled materials.

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Book SynopsisCondensed Matter Theories Volume 14

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter is one of the most active fields of physics, with a stream of discoveries in areas from superfluidity and magnetism to the optical, electronic and mechanical properties of materials such as semiconductors, polymers and carbon nanotubes. It includes the study of well-characterised solid surfaces, interfaces and nanostructures as well as studies of molecular liquids (molten salts, ionic solutions, liquid metals and semiconductors) and soft matter systems (colloidal suspensions, polymers, surfactants, foams, liquid crystals, membranes, biomolecules etc) including glasses and biological aspects of soft matter. This book presents state-of-the-art research in this exciting field.

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of constituents in a system is extremely large and the interactions between the constituents are strong. The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the electromagnetic forces between atoms. This new book discusses topics such as geometric effects and magnetic phases in quantum rings; metal-insulator phenomena in 2D; clusters in strong fields; progress in fabrication techniques; and a colorimetric recognition of cadmium ions using optically nanostructured cage sensors.

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Book SynopsisCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter. This book discusses topics such as the field electron emission theory; organic-inorganic hybrid proton exchange membrane electrolytes for medium temperature non-humidified H2/O2 fuel cells; electronic band structure calculations based on empirical psuedopotential formalism; rate-dependent hysteresis in piezoelectric actuators and an itinerant-electron metamagnetic system with two-band Eigenvalue spectrum.

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Book SynopsisUnder the influence of different external stimuli condensed matter reveals its magnificent properties. The electric field, the temperature, the concentration gradients and the light are the basic "forces" responsible for processes such as the electrical, the thermal, the diffusion transport or optical phenomena. The action of the magnetic field brings about the galvanomagnetic or the thermomagnetic effects. New alloy semiconductors and the development of artificial semiconductor heterostructures led to the confinement of carriers in two, one or zero dimensions, opening a new window in condensed matter research. The application of a perpendicular magnetic field upon two-dimensional carriers, led to the discovering of astonishing phenomena, namely, the integer or the fractional quantum Hall effects and inspired radical theoretical interpretations. The reduced symmetry of low dimensional structures enhances decisively the role of the magnetic field orientation, bringing to light novel and unexpected phenomena. In the present book the effect of the application of an in-plane magnetic field upon low dimensional carriers, giving rise to impressive novel phenomena, is presented and discussed. Specifically, whenever a quantum well is subjected to an in-plane or tilted magnetic field, the elegant concept of Landau levels must be modified, because the carriers move under the competing influence of the Lorentz force and the force due to the quantum well confining potential. Under these conditions, the equal-energy surfaces or equivalently, the density of states (DOS), are qualitatively and quantitatively modified. The DOS diverges significantly from the ideal step-like two-dimensional carrier form. The book discusses various physical properties which are affected by the DOS modification.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a semi-quantitative approach to understanding and applications of charge carriers in inorganic and organic opto-electronic and photonic devices. Featuring contributions by noted experts in the field of optoelectronics, materials and photonics, this book describes the importance of charge carriers in the operation of optoelectronic and photonic devices of both inorganic and organic semiconductors. An Introduction to Charge Carriers starts with the concept of charge carriers and their involvement in a few inorganic and organic devices, like solar cells and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), including those based on thermally activated and delayed fluorescence (TADF). Then it discusses the applications of charge carriers in silicon p-n junction, nanomaterials, wurtzite phases of gallium, aluminium and indium nitride devices, ion conducting polymer electrolytes, rare-earth doped glasses, organic photodetectors, and several aspects of organic and perovskite solar cells. This is an ideal book for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students and teaching and research professionals in the field of solid-state physics, material science and engineering.

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Book SynopsisPlasmonics refers to the generation, detection, and manipulation of signals at optical frequencies along metal-dialectric interfaces at the nanometre scale. The four chapters of this book analyse plasmonics and its applications. Chapter One discusses the plasmonic sensor and its use in the detection of brain enzymes. Chapter Two examines the optical constants of plasmonic nanostructures and demonstrates that optical absorption can be used to estimate dielectric constants of noble metal nanostructures. Chapter Three theoretically investigates the magnetoplasmonics of noble metal nanostructures and shows that plasmonic nanostructures have increased magnetic response in visible range at low magnetic fields. Lastly, Chapter Four studies some aspects of classical and quantum optical effects in surface plasmonics.Table of ContentsPreface; Plasmonic Sensor for Detection of Biomolecular and Medical Diagnostics; Optical Constants of Noble Metal Nanostructures; Effect of Magnetic Field on Plasmonics of Metal Nanostructures; Notes on Surface Plasmonics in Electromagnetics and Quantum Optics; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisReviews the field of critical phenomena, including the use of neutron scattering techniques as an aid in their study. This book introduces the principles of magnetic systems and their critical dynamics, outlining the experimental and theoretical methods that have been used to understand the scattering effect.Trade Review'Professor Collins' book is to be welcomed ... will be a useful introduction and summary for postgraduate students working in the field of phase transitions' Professor R.A. Cowley, FRS (Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford), Contemporary Physics, Volume 31, Number 3, May/June 1990Table of ContentsI: THEORY OF CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Introduction to critical phenomena; Ginzburg-Landau theory; Critical exponents; Universality, standard models and solvable models; Scaling; The renormalization group; Critical dynamics; More complex magnetic systems; Dilution, percolation and random fields; II: THE TECHNIQUE OF THERMAL NEUTRON SCATTERING AND ITS APPLICATION TO INVESTIGATE CRITICAL PHENOMENA: Basic properties of thermal neutrons; Correlation function formalism; Bragg scattering; Measurement of critical dynamics; III: MEASUREMENTS OF CRITICAL SCATTERING: Two- and one-dimensional systems; Three-dimensional Ising systems; Other simple systems in three dimensions; Multicritical points; Critical phase transitions in magnetic metals; Critical scattering investigations of dilution, percolation and random-field effects.

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at first and second year undergraduates taking a course in solid state physics. It is suitable for physics or engineering students. It does not assume any prior knowledge of quantum theory. It covers all of the standard topics in solid state physics, i.e. crystal structure, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties, metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, superconductors and amorphous solids, and also includes an introductory chapter on chemical bonds and a chapter on polymers. The text is largely non-mathematical, but questions are integrated into the text to encourage readers to tackle the problem-solving aspects of the subject. Worked examples and a complete set of detailed solutions are included. More challenging topics (either mathematically or conceptually more difficult) are treated in optional sections.Trade ReviewI like the way the book starts with bonds between atoms before the obligatory chapter on crystalline solids, followed by an excellent treatment of mechanical properties. The standard topics of solid-state physics are then presented, starting with electronic properties. There is a splendid final chapter on polymers. The style is confident, authoritative and up to date ...Richard Feynman, in evaluating his own attempt to teach quantum mechanics early in a physics course, reckoned he had failed. Has Richard Turton succeeded? I think he has. Andrew Briggs, professor of materials, University of Oxford The Times Higher, 24 November 2000 (Physics and Engineering)Table of Contents1. Bonds between atoms ; 2. Crystals and crystalline solids ; 3. Mechanical properties of solids ; 4. Electrical properties of solids ; 5. Semiconductors ; 6. Semiconductor devices ; 7. Thermal processes ; 8. Magnetic properties ; 9. Superconductivity ; 10. Dielectrics ; 11. Crystallization and amorphous solids ; 12. Polymers ; Further reading ; Appendix A: Introduction to quantum concepts ; Appendix B: Relationship between interatomic force and potential energy ; Solutions to exercises

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Book SynopsisSpin glasses are magnetic materials. Statistical mechanics, a subfield of physics, has been a powerful tool to theoretically analyse various unique properties of spin glasses. A number of new analytical techniques have been developed to establish a theory of spin glasses. Surprisingly, these techniques have turned out to offer new tools and viewpoints for the understanding of information processing problems, including neural networks, error-correcting codes, image restoration, and optimization problems. This book is one of the first publications of the past ten years that provide a broad overview of this interdisciplinary field. Most of the book is written in a self-contained manner, assuming only a general knowledge of statistical mechanics and basic probability theory. It provides the reader with a sound introduction to the field and to the analytical techniques necessary to follow its most recent developments.Trade Review... very enjoyable to read and often opening the reader's eye to new possibilities. This is a perfect introduction to the field for students and researchers who want to study problems in information science, including the use of physics in information processing * Butsuri *Table of Contents1. Mean-field theory of phase transitions ; 2. Mean-field theory of spin glasses ; 3. Replica symmetry breaking ; 4. Gauge theory of spin glasses ; 5. Error-correcting codes ; 6. Image restoration ; 7. Associative memory ; 8. Learning in perceptron ; 9. Optimization problems ; A. Eigenvalues of the Hessian ; B. Parisi equation ; C. Channel coding theorem ; D. Distribution and free energy of K-Sat ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisQuantum information- the subject- is a new and exciting area of science, which brings together physics, information theory, computer science and mathematics. Quantum Information- the book- is based on two successful lecture courses given to advanced undergraduate and beginning postgraduate students in physics. The intention is to introduce readers at this level to the fundamental, but offer rather simple, ideas behind ground-breaking developments including quantum cryptography, teleportation and quantum computing. The text is necessarily rather mathematical in style, but the mathematics nowhere allowed priority over the key physical ideas. My aim throughout was to be as complete and self- contained but to avoid, as far as possible, lengthy and formal mathematical proofs. Each of the eight chapters is followed by about forty exercise problems with which the reader can test their understanding and hone their skills. These will also provide a valuable resource to tutors and lectures.Trade ReviewThis is an excellent introductory book, ideal for a final year UK undergraduate course in QI. It is the best one I have found so far and provides an excellent grounding for more advanced books like Nielsen and Chuang for example * Professor David Toms, Newcastle University *Stephen Barnett's Quantum Information is a concise and remarkably readable account of most of the developments in the field. His book touches on almost all aspects of quantum information and quantum computing, including communication and measurement theory, entanglement, and computing algorithms. An impressive book...The engaging introductory chapters, extensive problem sets, and exhaustive appendices result in a textbook highly recommended for a one-semester course on quantum information at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. * Physics Today *A carefully written book..., well suited as a textbook..., strong on pedagogy..., accomplishes a lot as a very accessible first introduction to quantum information. * American Journal of Physics *...an impressive book. The engaging introductory chapters, extensive problems sets, and exhaustive appendices result in a textbook that I highly recommend for a one-semester course on quantum information at the advanced undergraduate or graduate level. * M. Suhail Zubairy, Physics Today *A nice introduction to quantum information. * Mathematical Reviews *Table of Contents1. Probability and Information ; 2. Elements of Quantum Theory ; 3. Quantum Cryptography ; 4. Generalized Measurements ; 5. Entaglement ; 6. Quantum Information processing ; 7. Quantum Computation ; 8. Quantum Information theory

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Book SynopsisCrystal Structure Refinement is a mixture of textbook and tutorial. As A Crystallographers Guide to SHELXL it covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, which have not been much addressed by textbooks so far. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, a brief survey of crystal structure refinement is provided. Chapters three and higher address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two short chapters deal with structure validation (one for small molecule structures and one for macromolecules). In each of the chapters the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail. It comes with a CD-ROM with all files necessary to reproduce the refinements.Trade Review`A key purchase for a wide population of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination...The depth of coverage of important topics such as twinning and disorder will be very valuable to structural scientists, and will provide information and an approach that is not currently available. ' Alexander J. Blake, University of Nottingham`A high quality text. ' David J. Watkin, University of OxfordTable of Contents1. SHELXL ; 2. Crystal Structure Refinement ; 3. Hydrogen Atoms ; 4. Atom Type Assignment ; 5. Disorder ; 6. Pseudo Symmetry ; 7. Twinning ; 8. Artefacts ; 9. Structure Validation ; 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL ; 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation ; 12. General Remarks

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Book SynopsisSince the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in magnetic multilayers in 1988, a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, has emerged, where the flow of electrical charge as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called spin current, are manipulated and controlled together. Recent progress in the physics of magnetism and the application of spin current has progressed in tandem with the nanofabrication technology of magnets and the engineering of interfaces and thin films. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current. The emphasis is placed on the interaction between spin and charge currents in magnetic nanostructures.Trade ReviewThis book provides the active researcher a state-of-the-art summary of the physics and applications of spin current. The end-of-chapter references are extremely current and as a result, the contents of this book are likely to be helpful and useful as a guide towards future research. * Andrew Resnick, Contemporary Physics *Table of ContentsPART I: SPIN CURRENT; PART II: SPIN HALL EFFECT; PART III: SPIN-TRANSFER TORQUE

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