Biochemistry Books
Royal Society of Chemistry Turn On and Tune In: Psychedelics, Narcotics and
Book SynopsisTimothy Leary's advice to "tune in, turn on and drop out" was a 1960s exhortation to experiment with LSD, but humans had been consuming ergot alkaloids related to lysergic acid diethylamide for at least a thousand years. Opium has been around even longer with its medicinal uses being known to the Ancient Sumerians as long ago as 3400 BC. This is the first book to cover all of the major psychoactive drugs (both natural and synthetic) in one volume, and the only one to cover all aspects of these drugs from their anthropological and sociological influences through to their chemistry and pharmacology. It covers a range of substances including LSD, opium, heroin, cocaine, cannabis, peyote, belladonna, mandrake, and absinthe. The book is highly readable and concentrates on the characters (e.g. authors, painters, pop stars, hippies, politicians and drug barons), both famous and infamous, who have ensured that psychoactive drugs hold an enduring fascination and interest for everyone. The basic chemistry and pharmacological activity covered together with a brief account of useful drugs that have emerged from a study of the psychoactive ones.Trade Review"This fascinating book...introduces us to the history of the various groups of mind-altering chemicals, beginning with ergot and LSD.""The book is beautifully produced and well illustrated.""...would make excellent background reading for pharmacy students." * The Pharmaceutical Journal, April 2010 *Table of ContentsChapter 1: From Ergotism to LSD; Chapter 2: From Opium to Heroin; Chapter 3: Coca and Cocaine; Chapter 4: Cannabis: Hashish, Marijuana, Chaeas and Bhang; Chapter 5: Belladonna, Mandrake and Daturas; Chapter 6: Peyote and Amphetamines; Chapter 7: Fly Agaric; Chapter 8: Absinthe
£23.70
Royal Society of Chemistry Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling
Book SynopsisIntracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. They are causative agents for diseases including hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis so offer new, and often more approachable, targets for drug design. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets. Written by colleagues at the same institution, but with contributions from leading international authorities, it is the result of close cooperation between the authors of different chapters. Readers are introduced to a new approach to disease causation by adipokines and toxic lipids. Heart disease, migraines, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, cancer, and arthritis are approached from the perspective of prevention and treatment by alteration of extracellular signalling. Evidence is presented that the avoidance of toxic lifestyles can reduce the incidence of such illnesses and new therapeutic targets involving adipokines, ceramide and endocannabinoids are discussed.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Adipokine regulation in metabolic disorders; G Receptor coupled signaling and interactions with extracellular ligands; Diabetes, endocannabinoids and adipokines; Hypertension and adipokines; Heart disease and adipokines; Arthritis and adipokines; Aging, protein modification and receptor signalling; Alcoholism and GABA receptor signalling; Estrogen, progestin and receptor signaling in neurodegeneration; Role of extracellular and intracellular ligands in astrocyte related disorders; DNA, nuclear cell signaling and neurodegeneration; Adipokines in Alzheimer's disease; Extracellular and intracellular ligands in Parkinson's disease; Role of adipokines in mood disorders; Involvement of adipokines in migraine headache; Intracellular and extracellular signaling in pain mechanisms; Cell signaling, extracellular ligands and cancer; Metastasis regulation by cell signaling
£126.34
Royal Society of Chemistry Stability of Complex Carbohydrate Structures: Biofuels, Foods, Vaccines and Shipwrecks
Book SynopsisComplex carbohydrates such as high molecular weight polysaccharides like starch and cellulose, are well known for their importance in foodstuffs, paper and wood, but their importance extends far beyond that into the biopharmaceutical, healthcare, oil and printing industries. This book, based on a discussion meeting organised by RSC Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Groups, brings together leading experts from the polysaccharide and glycoconjugate communities to review, discuss and assess in detail one specific topic, namely the importance of the stability and degradation of carbohydrate structures. Coverage includes applications as diverse as food, biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biofuels and preservation of Viking boats. Providing essential reading for anyone interested in these structures and the diversity of their applications, it will appeal to a broad, multidisciplinary group from industry, academia and research institutions.Table of ContentsCarbohydrates: First cousins of Water; Enzymic degradation of cell wall polysaccharides; Dietary Fibre: Functional Components and Mechanisms of Action in the Gastrointestinal Tract; Enzymatic treatment of polysaccharides; Stability of polysaccharide encapsulates; Polysaccharide and glycoconjugate vaccines; Mucin turnover; Some advances in hydrodynamic stability probes; Stability of chitosan and pectin as nasal and intestinal mucoadhesives; Cellulose crystallinity: perspectives from spectroscopy and diffraction; Cellulose; Cellulose de-construction: what can be learned from molecular modeling and dissolution experiments?; Lignin; Observations on bacterial degradation of historical wood timbers found in near anaerobic waterlogged environments; Subject Index
£113.95
Royal Society of Chemistry Mechanisms and Metal Involvement in
Book SynopsisDementia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s are becoming an increasingly important cause of medical and social concern due to the growth in the ageing population. Mechanisms and Metal Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases delivers in one volume a streamlined source of information on each of the main neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Freiderich's ataxia, prion disease, multiple sclerosis and alcoholic brain damage. Each chapter is structured to give the definition of disease, proteins involved with structure of normal protein and abnormal proteins, pathology associated with the abnormal proteins, oxidative stress and inflammation, iron homeostatic mechanisms, primary neurotransmitter involved, other metal involvement and therapeutic strategies. Structures of the adherent protein involved in the disease process are also presented with emphasis on the chemical structures used in the treatment of each neurodegenerative disease together with their biochemical mode of action. Written by acknowledged experts in their respective areas this new book provides readers with readily accessible information on each of the neurodegenerative diseases.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Mild cognitive impairment; Parkinson's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease; Freiderich's Ataxia; Prion Disese; Multiple Sclerosis; Alcoholic brain damage;
£132.99
Caister Academic Press Real-time PCR in Microbiology: From Diagnosis to
Book Synopsis
£208.05
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Critical Dietetics and Critical Nutrition Studies
Book SynopsisThis second volume in the Food Policy series focuses on critical nutrition and dietetics studies, offering an innovative and interdisciplinary exploration of the complexities of the food supply and the actors in it through a new critical lens. The volume provides an overview of the growth of critical nutrition and dietetics since its inception in 2009, as well as commentary on its continuing relevance and its applicability in the fields of dietetic education, research, and practice. Chapters address key topics such as how to bring critical dietetics into conventional practice, applying critical diets in clinical practice, policy applications, and new perspectives on training and educating a critical nutrition and dietetic workforce. Contributing authors from around the globe also discuss the role of critical nutrition dietetics in industry, private practice, and consultancy, as well the role of critical dietetics in addressing the food, hunger, and health issues associated with the world economic crisis. The authors designed the volume to be a reference work for students enrolled in undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Critical Nutrition, Critical Food Studies, and Critical Dietetics. Each chapter offers concise aims and learning outcomes, as well as assignments for students and a concise chapter summary. These features enhance the value of the volume as a learning tool. Table of ContentsForeword by John Coveney and Martin CaraherChapter 1: Foundations of critical aspects of food and nutrition studiesJacqui GingrasChapter 2: Critical perspectives in clinical practice of nutrition and dieteticsDebbie MacLellanChapter 3: Community nutrition and dietetics practices and food democracySue BoothChapter 4: Policy and practice: what does this gap look like using a critical nutrition and dietetics lens?Yuka AsadaChapter 5: Training and educating a critical nutrition and dietetic workforce: new perspectivesDaphne LordlyChapter 6: Why is a critically reflexive practice critical to nutrition and dietetics?Angela CuddyChapter 7: Swimming against the tide: 12 ways of bringing critical nutrition and dietetics into conventional practicesCathy MorleyChapter 8: Critical nutrition and dietetics in industry, private practice and consultancy: the importance of ethicsJohn CoveneyChapter 9: World economic crisis: food, hunger and health disparitiesJill WhiteChapter 10: Dietitian as Advocate and Activist: Our Past, Present, and Future PossibilitiesJennifer BradleyChapter 11: Toward critical nutrition counselling practice and pedagogyIan WisemanSummary: Summing it all up criticallyJohn Coveney and Martin Caraher
£58.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Strigolactones - Biology and Applications
Book SynopsisThis book describes the exciting biology and chemistry of strigolactones. Outgrowth of shoot branches? Development of lateral roots? Interactions with beneficial microorganisms? Avoiding parasitic plants? Responding to drought conditions? These important “decisions” that plants make are all regulated by a group of hormones called strigolactones.The latest research has yielded a number of new biological concepts, such as a redefinition of plant hormones and their crosstalk, new functional diversity of receptors, hormonal “smoke and mirrors,” core signaling pathways, and even phloem transport of receptor proteins. Another important aspect of strigolactones is the related synthetic chemistry, which could pave the way for a variety of potential applications in agriculture and medicine.The book explains in detail the role that strigolactones play in plant development, and addresses the interaction of plants with soil biota and abiotic stress conditions, prospects of strigolactone biochemistry and evolution, and chemical synthesis of natural strigolactones and analogs, together with their potential applications. Including a glossary and end-of-chapter synopses to aid in comprehension, it offers a valuable asset for teachers, lecturers and (post-) graduate students in biology, agronomy and related areas..Table of Contents1. Strigolactone natural biosynthesis.- 2. Strigolactones as plant hormones.- 3. Strigolactones and parasitic plants.- 4. Strigolactones and the soil microbiota.- 5. Strigolactones likes and evolution.- 6. Strigolactones synthetic chemistry and applications.- 7. Synopses.
£40.49
Springer Nature Switzerland AG The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Infectious and Non Infectious Inflammation
Book SynopsisTLR4 is one of the most important innate immunity receptors, its function mainly consisting in the activation of inflammatory pathways in response to stimulation by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs). This volume critically reviews the different types of TLR4 activators and inhibitors, discusses the role of molecular aggregates in agonism/antagonism as well as the pivotal role of the CD14 receptor in the modulation of TLR4 signal and the molecular details and actors of the intracellular cascade. The book presents the role of TLR4 in several pathologies, such as sepsis and septic shock caused by receptor activation by gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It reviews the role of TLR4 in neural stem cell-mediated neurogenesis and neuroinflammation and in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids and discusses the emerging role of micro-RNA (miRNA) regulation by TLR4. Table of Contents
£79.20
De Gruyter Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
Book SynopsisLife in all its forms is based on nucleic acids which store and transfer genetic information. The book addresses the main aspects of synthesis, hydrolytic stability, solution equilibria of nucleosides and nucleotides as well as base modifications of nucleic acids. The author further describes their structural analogues used as therapeutic drugs, such as antivirals and anticancer agents, and prodrug strategies of nucleotides.
£59.25
Springer International Publishing AG Advanced Technologies for Protein Complex
Book SynopsisThis book presents advanced expression technologies for the production of protein complexes. Since complexes lie at the heart of modern biology, the expression, purification, and characterization of large amounts of high-quality protein complexes is crucial for the fields of biomedicine, biotechnology, and structural biology. From co-expression in E. coli, yeast, mammalian and insect cells to complex reconstitution from individual subunits, this book offers useful insights and guidance for successful protein expressionists. Across several sections readers will discover existing opportunities for the production of protein complexes in bacterial systems (including membrane proteins and cell-free co-expression), methylotrophic and non-methylotrophic yeasts, protozoa (Leishmania terantolae and Dictyostelium discoideum), baculovirus-infected insect cells, mammalian cells, plants and algae. Complex reconstitution from individually purified subunits or subcomplexes is discussed as a complementary strategy. A last section introduces briefly some of the biophysical and structural characterization techniques for macromolecular complexes using state-of-the-art solution scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. This work is a guided tour over some of the most powerful and successful protein expression technologies, with a focus on co-expression and high-throughput applications. It is addressed to everyone interested in the production and characterization of macromolecular complexes, from university students who want an accessible description of the major co-expression systems to researchers in biomedicine and the life sciences seeking for an up-to-date survey of available technologies.Table of ContentsPreface. Complex Biologics: Engineering the Tools and the Hosts. M. Cristina Vega, Francisco J. Fernández and Imre Berger Section 1: Introduction 1. Protein complex production from the drug discovery standpoint; Ismail Moarefi <2. Choose a suitable expression host: a survey of available protein production platforms; Francisco J. Fernández and M. Cristina Vega Section 2: Prokaryotic expression hosts 3. ACEMBL Tool-Kits for High-Throughput Multigene Delivery and Expression in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Hosts; Yan Nie, Maxime Chaillet, Christian Becke, Matthias Haffke, Martin Pelosse, Daniel Fitzgerald, Ian Collinson, Christiane Schaffitzel and Imre Berger 4. Complex reconstitution and characterization by combining co-expression techniques in Escherichia coli with high-throughput; Renaud Vincentelli and Christoph Romier 5. Membrane protein production in E. coli for applications in drug discovery; Harm Jan (Arjan) Snijder and Jonna Hakulinen6. Cell-free Synthesis of Macromolecular Complexes; Matthieu Botte, Aurélien Deniaud and Christiane Schaffitzel 7. A Bacillus megaterium system for the production of recombinant proteins and protein complexes; Rebekka Biedendieck 8. Protein complex production in alternative prokaryotic hosts; Sara Gómez, Miguel López-Estepa, Francisco J. Fernández and M. Cristina Vega Section 3: Lower Eukaryotic expression hosts 9. Production of Protein Complexes in Non-methylotrophic and Methylotrophic Yeasts; Francisco J. Fernandez, Miguel López-Estepa, Javier Querol-García and M. Cristina Vega 10. Leishmania tarentolae for the Production of Multi-Subunit Complexes; Tomoaki Niimi 11. Alternative Eukaryotic Expression Systems for the Production of Proteins and Protein Complexes; Sara Gómez, Miguel López-Estepa, Francisco J. Fernández, Teresa Suárez and M. Cristina Vega Section 4: Higher Eukaryotic expression hosts 12. Fundamentals of baculovirus expression and applications; Tom A. Kost and Christopher W. Kemp 13. The MultiBac Baculovirus / Insect Cell Expression Vector System for Producing Complex Protein Biologics; Duygu Sari, Kapil Gupta, Deepak Balaji Govinda Raj, Alice Aubert, Petra Dmcova, Frederic Garzoni, Daniel Fitzgerald and Imre Berger 14. Fundamentals of expression in mammalian cells; Michael R. Dyson 15. Assembling multi-subunit complexes using mammalian expression; Bahar Baser and Joop van den Heuvel Section 5: Plant expression 16. Microalgae as solar-powered protein factories; Franziska Hempel and Uwe G. Maier 17. Strategies and methodologies for the co-expression of multiple proteins in plants; Albert Ferrer, Montserrat Arró, David Manzano and Teresa Altabella 18. Transient expression systems in plants—potentialities and constraints; Tomas Canto Section 6: Complex reconstitution 19. Complex reconstitution from individual protein modules; Jérome Basquin, Michael Taschner and Esben Lorentzen 20. Structural reconstruction of protein-protein complexes involved in intracellular signaling; Klára Kirsch, Péter Sok, and Attila Remény Section 7: Biophysical methods to assess protein complexes 21. The use of small-angle scattering for the characterization of multi subunit complexes; Adam Round22. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance and hybrid methods to structure determination of complex systems. Filippo Prischi and Annalisa Pastore
£143.99
Springer International Publishing AG Pollen Tip Growth: From Biophysical Aspects to Systems Biology
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the biophysical aspects of tip growth: How do physical parameters like pressure, water potential, electrical fields, or ion currents contribute to and influence this specialized and highly dynamic form of cell growth?It provides an updated and balanced overview of the current state of knowledge and future research perspectives regarding how pollen tubes’ growth is driven and regulated by molecular interactions underlying the cellular processes. The individual chapters address topics ranging from molecular biophysical concepts to comprehensive omic studies and computational modeling of the tip growth process. In addition, a chapter on root hair cells is included to provide an alternative view on the underlying molecular principles of tip growth in general.Each chapter provides a summary of cutting-edge techniques, results and experimental data; a statement, hypothesis or conclusion on the importance of the aspect described for tip growth, particularly pollen tip growth; and addresses open gaps in our understanding and potential approaches to remedying them. The book offers experimental and theoretical solutions to help established researchers and newcomers to the field alike solve the many mysterious behaviors of pollen tube tips.Table of Contents1. Biophysics of tip growtha. Water transport and turgor pressureb. Endogenous electrical fieldsc. Ion currents and ion transportersd. Ion homeostasis, ion gradients2. Technical improvements to study tip growtha. Microfluidics in tip growthb. Semi-in-vivo techniquesc. Transformation of pollend. Live cell imaging (SPIM, STED, etc.?)3. Subcellular processesa. Organelle dynamics4. Exocytosisa. Cytoskeletonb. Cell wallc. Ion gradientsd. Signaling networks (IP3, ROS, Ca2+, phosphorylation, etc.)5. Tipomics: omic approaches in tip growtha. Metabolomicsb. Proteomicsc. Functional transcriptomicsd. Epigenomics6. Modeling tip growtha. Computer modelingb. Models of growing tips
£116.99
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Molecular Modeling: Basic Principles and
Book SynopsisIdeal for beginners, this book explains the basics of modeling in a competent yet easily understandable way. Following complete sections on the modeling of small molecules, protein modeling and chemogenomics, completely worked-out examples show the way to the reader's first modeling experiment. This new, third edition features a new chapter on chemogenomics, reflecting the trend towards 'chemical biology', as well as the protein modeling example being completely rewritten for a better 'feel' of modeling complex biomolecules. The authors are experienced university teachers who regularly hold courses on molecular modeling, making this a tried-and-tested text for teachers. It is equally valuable for experts, since it is the only book to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the molecular modeling techniques and software currently available.Trade Review"Beginners as well as experts in the field of biochemistry, molecular biology, and drug development will find this book quite handy and useful. The third edition is justified given the rapid development of hardware and software tools and other advances in the applications of molecular modeling techniques." (Doody's, April 2009) "The authors are experienced university lecturers and as a result of their teaching practices the textbook provides teachers with a tried-and-tested learning material. The text is equally valuable to experts" (International Journal of Bioautomation, April 2009) "An excellent resource as an introduction to molecular modelling techniques … .I can particularly recommend this book to academics." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, September 2008)Table of ContentsIntroduction Small Molecules - Generation of 3D-Coordinates - Computational Tools for Geometry Optimization - Conformational Analysis - Determination of Molecular Interaction Potentials - Pharmacophore Identification - 3D QSAR Methods A Case Study for Small Molecule Modeling: Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists - Building a Pharmacophore Model - 3D QSAR Analysis Introduction to Comparative Protein Modeling - Where and How to get Information on Proteins - Terminology and Principles of Protein Structure - Comparative Protein Modeling - Optimization Procedures - Model Refinement - Molecular Dynamics - Validation of Protein Models - Properties of Proteins Virtual Screening and Docking - Preparation of the Partners - Docking Algorithms - Scoring Functions - Postfiltering Virtual Screening Results - Comparison of Different Docking and Scoring Methods - Examples of successful Virtual Screening Studies Scope and Limits of Molecular Docking - Docking in the Polar Active Site that Contains Water - Including Cofactor in Docking? (NEW) - Impact of Tautomerism on Docking (NEW) Chemogenomic Approaches to Rational Drug Design (NEW) - Description of Ligand and Target Spaces - Ligand-based Chemogenomic Approaches - Targed-based Chemogenomic Approaches - Target-Ligand Based Chemogenomic Approaches A Case Study for Protein Modeling: the Nuclear Hormone Receptor CAR as an Example for Comparative Modeling and the Analysis of Protein-Ligand Complexes (NEW) - The Biochemical and Pharmacological Description of the Problem - Comparative Modeling of the Human Nuclear Hormone Receptor CAR - Analysis of the Models that Emerged from MD Simulations - Analysis of CAR Mutants - Modeling of CAR-Ligand Complexes - The CAR X-Ray Structure Comes into Play - Virtual Screening for Novel CAR Activators
£62.05
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and
Book SynopsisOriginally based on a graduate course taught by the author, this true classic has once again been extensively updated to incorporate key new findings in biological signaling. With over half of the content re-written, plus 70 brand new and 50 revised figures, this is the most up-to-date textbook on signaling available anywhere. Thanks to its clear structure, hundreds of illustrative drawings, as well as chapter introductions and newly added study questions, this text excels as a companion for a course on biological signaling, and equally as an introductory reference to the field for students and researchers. Generations of students and junior researchers have relied on "the Krauss" to find their way through the bewildering complexity of biological signaling pathways.Table of ContentsBASICS OF CELL SIGNALING Cell Signaling: Why, When and Where? Intercellular Signaling Hormones in Intercellular Signaling Intracellular Signaling: Basics Molecular Tools for Intracellular Signaling PROPERTIES OF SIGNALING PROTEINS AND ORGANIZATION OF SIGNALING Modular Structure of Signaling Proteins Modular Signaling Complexes Regulation of Signaling Enzymes by Effector Binding Posttranslational Modifications in Cellular Signaling Regulation by Phosphorylation Protein Lysine Acetylation Protein Methylation Ubiquitin Modification of Proteins Lipidation of Signaling Proteins Scaffold Proteins Organization of Signaling THE REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION The Basic Steps of Gene Expression The Components of the Eukaryotic Transcription Machinery The Principles of Transcription Regulation The Control of Transcription Factors Chromatin Structure and Transcription Regulation RNA PROCESSING, TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION AND RNA INTERFERENCE Pre-mRNA Processing Regulation at the Level of Translation Regulation by RNA Silencing SIGNALING BY NUCLEAR RECEPTORS Ligands of Nuclear Receptors Principles of Signaling by Nuclear Receptors Structure of Nuclear Receptors Transcriptional Regulation by Nuclear Receptors Regulation of Signaling by Nuclear Receptors Subcellular Localization of Nuclear Receptors Non-Genomic Functions of Nuclear Receptors and their Ligands G PROTEIN-COUPLED SIGNAL TRANSMISSION PATHWAYS Transmembrane Receptors: General Structure and Classification Structural Principles of Transmembrane Receptors G Protein-Coupled Receptors Regulatory GTPases The Heterotrimeric G-Proteins Receptor-Independent Functions of Heterotrimeric G-Proteins Effector Molecules of G-Proteins GPCR Signaling via Arrestin INTRACELLULAR MESSENGER SUBSTANCES: "SECOND MESSENGERS" General Properties of Intracellular Messenger Substances cAMP cGMP and Guanylyl Cyclases Metabolism of Inositol Phospholipids and Inositol Phosphates Storage and Release of Ca2+ Functions of Phosphoinositides Ca2+ as a Signal Molecule Diacylglycerol as a Signal Molecule Other Lipid Messengers The NO Signaling Molecule SER/THR-SPECIFIC PROTEIN KINASES AND PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES Classification, Structure and Characteristics of Protein Kinases Structure and Regulation of Protein Kinases Protein Kinase A The PI3 Kinase/Akt Pathway Protein Kinase C Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases Ser/Thr-specific Protein Phosphatases SIGNAL TRANSMISSION VIA TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTORS WITH TYRSINE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN KINASE ACTIVITY Structure and Function of RTKs Downstream Effector Proteins of RTKs Nonreceptor Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinases, Non-RTKs Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Adaptor Molecules of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases SIGNAL TRANSMISSIO VIA RAS PROTEINS The Ras Superfamily of Monomeric GTPases GTPase-Activating Proteins, GAPs, of the Monomeric GTPases Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, GEFs, of the Monomeric GTPases Inhibitors of Guanine-Nucleotide Dissociation, GDIs The Ras Family of Monomeric GTPases Raf Kinase as an Effector of Signal Transduction by Ras Proteins Further Ras Family Members: R-Ras, Ral and Rap Reception and Transmission of Multiple Signals by Ras Protein The Further Branches of the Ras Superfamily INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: THE PROTEIN CASCADES OF THE MAP KINASE PATHWAYS Organization and Components of MAPK Pathways Regulation of MAPK Pathways by Protein Phosphatases and Inhibitory Proteins Specificity in MAPK Activation and Organization in Multiprotein Complexes The Major MAPK Pathways of Mammals MEMBRANE RECEPTORS WITH ASSOCIATED TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVITY Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors The Jak-Stat Pathway T and B Cell Receptors (TCRs and BCRs) Signal Transduction via Integrins OTHER TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR CLASSES: SIGNALING BY TGFß-RECEPTORS, TNF-RECEPTORS, TOLL-RECEPTORS AND NOTH TGFß Receptor and Smad Protein Singaling Receptor Regulation by Intramembrane Proteolysis: The Notch Receptor Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) Superfamily Toll-Like Receptor Signaling CELL CYCLE CONTROL BY EXTERNAL SIGNALING PATHWAYS Principles of Cell Cycle Control Key Elements of the Cell Cycle Apparatus Regulation of the Cell Cycle by Proteolysis G1 Progression and S Phase Entry Transit Through S-Phase and M-Phase The DNA Damage and DNA Replication Checkpoints MALFUNCTION OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS AND TUMORIGENESIS: ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES Basic Characteristics of Tumor Cells Mutation in Cancer Cells Common Physiologic Changes in Tumor Cells: The Hallmarks of Cancer Signaling Proteins Mutated in Cancer: Oncogenes Tumor Suppressor Genes: General Functions The Tumor Suppressors Rb and ARF APOPTOSIS Overview of Apoptotic Pathways Caspases: Death by Proteolysis The Family of Bcl-2 Proteins: Gatekeepers of Apoptosis The Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis Death Receptor-Triggered Apoptosis Links of Apoptosis to Cellular Signaling Pathways
£85.85
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Stereochemistry - Workbook: 191 Problems and Solutions
Book SynopsisThis workbook in stereochemistry is designed for students, lecturers and scientists in chemistry, pharmacy, biology and medicine who deal with chiral chemical compounds and their properties. It serves as a supplement to textbooks and seminars and thus provides selected examples for students to practice the use of the conventions and terminology for the exact three-dimensional description of chemical compounds. It contains 191 problems with extended solutions. Trade ReviewThe late Edgar Heilbronner, one of the great physical and organic chemists of the 20th century, had a particularly effective lecture. He started it as follows: "You know pretty much everything I am going to say. So let us begin with the questions." And up on the screen flashed the first question. The lecture continued in the same vein; Heilbronner’s carefully structured answers to just the right questions led to a fascinating seminar, and a learning experience. I thought of Edgar Heilbronner’s lecture as I read the Hellwich and Siebert "Stereochemistry Workbook." In it are 191 graduated problems, along with succinct and clear solutions. One has to know a little stereochemical lore to begin with, for instance the priority rules of the CIP system. But otherwise everything is taught, in exemplary fashion, just through the progression of questions and answers. Complexities of naming coordination compounds, and dealing with chirality planes and axes are not avoided. The examples grow increasingly challenging. The success of this small volume lies in the fact it has a hidden narrative structure. Complexity is introduced in stages; solutions to the problems are attainable goals. One is drawn in, it is fun to go on. And the book is decorated with fascinating short stories of pharmaceutical design and utility. We have here a rare instance of a well-designed workbook that constructs a learning experience better than that found in most textbooks. What more would I want to see in it? The ordinary (of reasonable Lewis structures, normal bond lengths, moderate temperature [T less than ~100 °C]) which is the province of the beautiful compounds that are discussed in this book, needs to be defined. The ordinary is not diminished by what constrains it, for the fantastic variety the normal world generates suffices. But it is good to be aware of just what the assumptions are. Let me give an example. In one problem, a set of isomers of a bicyclic compound (cyclothiazide) is eliminated from discussion because a bridge can be formed only by cis fusion. In another example, two isomers of a [CoCl2(H2NNH2)(PPh3)2] complex are said to be not possible, those where the H2NNH2 would bridge trans-positions on the octahedral metal. Indeed, both statements make sense, but it would be interesting to mention why they are true (strain, the long N–N bond necessary). And how it is in the nature of chemists to subvert the impossible, and what ingenious molecules might do if there is no option but the energetically costly impossible. "Stereochemistry Workbook," one of the most effective pedagogical texts I’ve encountered, re-emphasizes the fundamental role of geometry in chemistry. Molecules have shapes. The logic of isomerism, in all its manifestations, the life-and-death-determining necessity of describing three-dimensional geometry, our representational struggles to do so – these define the beauty of chemistry. (Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University, Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 2009, 5, No. 38)Table of ContentsQuestions.- Answers.
£29.69
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Colloid Chemistry II
Book SynopsisOver the past forty years,good-old fashioned colloid chemistry has undergone something of a revolution,transforming itself from little more than a collection of qualitative observations of the macroscopic behavior of some complex systems into a discipline with a solid theoretical foundation and a whole to- boxofnew chemical techniques. It can now boast a set of concepts which go a long way towards providing an understanding of the many strange and interesting behavior patterns exhibited by natural and artificial systems on the mesoscale. This second volume of“Topics in Current Chemistry”on Colloid Chemistry, focuses on supramolecular approaches and new approaches towards polymer colloids,also with strong emphasis on biological and biomedical applications. Again topics were chosen which are expected to have broader relevance and to be interesting to a more general readership. The volume opens with a contribution by C.M.Paleos in which new amp- philes are presented which not only self-assemble to micelles or vesicles but also possess the ability to show specific recognition of complementary H-bridge p- terns.Such structures might point a way to a rational addressing of surfaces and supramolecular structures by purely chemical means.Table of ContentsMolecular Recognition and Hydrogen-Bonded Amphiphiles.- Dendrimers for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Dispersion Stabilization.- Organic Reactions in Microemulsions.- Miniemulsions for Nanoparticle Synthesis.- Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanospheres as Fully Synthetic Affinity Receptors.- Hollow Inorganic Capsules via Colloid-Templated Layer-by-Layer Electrostatic Assembly.- Biorelevant Latexes and Microgels for the Interaction with Nucleic Acids.- Preparation of Monodisperse Particles and Emulsions by Controlled Shear.
£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Biotechnology for the Future
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Heterocyclic Antitumor Antibiotics
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Bioactive Heterocycles II
Book SynopsisAs part of the series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry,this volume titled Bio- tive Heterocycles II presents comprehensive and up-to-date reviews on selected topics regarding synthetic as well as naturally occurring bioactive heterocycles. The ?rst chapter, "High Pressure Synthesis of Heterocycles Related to Bio- tive Molecules" by Kiyoshi Matsumoto, presents a unique high-pressure s- thetic methodology in heterocyclic chemistry. Basic principles and fruitful examples for pericyclic reactions, such as Diels-Alder reactions, 1,3-dipolar reactions, and also for ionic reactions, such as S and addition reactions, are N discussed. The review will be of considerable interest to heterocyclic chemists and synthetic chemists. The second chapter, "Ring Transformation of Nitropyrimidinone Leading to Versatile Azaheterocyclic Compounds" by Nagatoshi Nishiwaki and Masahiro Ariga, presents a very critical review on novel ring transformations of di- tropyridones and nitropyrimidinones based on the work of his group. - dressed in this review is the synthesis of functionalized molecules, such as nitroanilines, nitropyridines, and nitrophenols, by the ring transformation of dinitropyridones as the nitromalonaldehyde equivalent. Ring transformations of nitropyrimidinones with dinucleophiles to 4-pyridones, pyrimidines and 4-aminopyridines, and to polyfunctinal pyridones with 1,3-dicarbonyl c- pounds, etc., are also discussed. This review may attract the interest of synthetic chemists as well as heterocyclic chemists in the life science ?elds. The third chapter, "Synthesis of Thalidomide" by Norio Shibata, Takeshi Yamamoto and Takeshi Toru, describes a modern synthetic aspect of thali- mide.Table of ContentsK. Matsumoto: High Pressure Synthesis of Heterocycles Related to Bioactive Molecules.- N. Nishiwaki, M. Ariga: Ring Transformation of Nitropyrimidinone Leading to Versatile Azaheterocyclic Compounds.- N. Shibata, T. Yamamoto, T. Toru: Synthesis of Thalidomide.- H. Nagase, H. Fujii: Rational Drug Design of d Opioid Receptor Agonist TAN-67 from d Opioid Receptor Antagonist NTI.- S. Murata, H. Ichinose, F. Urano: Tetrahydrobiopterin and Related Biologically Important Pterins.- M. Yamashita: Preparation, Structure and Biological Property of Phosphorus Heterocycles with a C-P Ring System.- K. Michalak, O. Wesolowska, N. Motohashi, A.B. Hendrich: The Role of the Membrane Actions of Phenothiazines and Flavonoids as Functional Modulators
£161.99
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Assessment of the Use of Single Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Drug Research
Book SynopsisMetabolic research and especially that which focuses on the monooxygenase cytochrome P450 system has gone through dramatic progressive changes within the last decade. Availability of highly sophisticated analytical techniques has contributed to increased molecular understanding of biotransformation pathways. Nowadays designer drugs are computer composable focussing on metabolic stability. The rapid development of recombinant enzymes has, in many cases, replaced the intensive work on P450 isolation from naturally occurring sources. Recombinant P450s can be expressed in cell lines and thus made available for reproducible and constant use addressig a large number of scientific questions. This book describes the present position of such research.Table of Contents1 Xenobiotic Metabolism: From Intact Biosystem to Single Enzymes.- 2 Regulation of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450.- 3 Cytochrome P450 in Human Drug Metabolism: How Much Is Predictable?.- 4 Metabolic Activation of Anticancer Oxazaphosphorines by Cytochrome P450s: Development of a Model for Cancer Gene Therapy.- 5 The Use of Bacteria for Cytochrome P450 Expression.- 6 Expression of Cytochromes P450 in Yeast: Practical Aspects.- 7 Human Cells as an Expression System for Cytochromes P450.- 8 Metabolic Reactions and Recombinant Isoenzymes of Cytochrome P450: Information Generated and Value for Pharmaceutical Development.- 9 The Importance of Cytochrome P450 3A Enzymes in Drug Metabolism.- 10 Strategies for Verifying the Involvement of Specific Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Xenobiotic Metabolism.- 11 Regulation of Cytochromes P450 by Substrate Interactions.- 12 Strategies for the Use of Single Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Drug Research and Future Prospects.
£40.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Physiologie des Menschen: mit Pathophysiologie
Book SynopsisWarum brauchen wir Schlaf? Wie entsteht Durst? Oder ein Herzinfarkt? In der Physiologie lernen Sie alles über die Funktionen des menschlichen Körpers. Die 32. Auflage der Physiologie des Menschen wurde komplett überarbeitet, der Stoff ist nun in 84 übersichtliche Kapitel gegliedert. Gleich die erste Seite eines Kapitels bietet einen hervorragenden Überblick über den Lernstoff: In einer Box wird kurz und knapp erklärt, worum es im Kapitel geht. Danach kommen die visuellen Lerner auf ihre Kosten: eine zusammenfassende Abbildung bringt das Wesentliche auf den Punkt. Beim Lernen und Wiederholen unterstützen Sie außerdem: Grüne Zwischenüberschriften – fassen die einzelnen Abschnitte in einem Satz zusammen, ideal zum Wiederholen! Rote Merksätze – machen auf besonders wichtige Inhalte aufmerksam Zusammenfassungen zu allen Abschnitten Fast 200 Klinikboxen – machen die klinischen Bezüge deutlich Über 1000 Abbildungen für das visuelle Lernen Interessante Hintergrundinformationen als Kleingedrucktes Nicht nur für die Vorklinik, auch im klinischen Abschnitt sind die physiologischen Zusammenhänge Grundlage, um Krankheiten und ihre Entstehung zu verstehen. Machen Sie den Brandes/Lang/Schmidt zu Ihrem Begleiter durch das gesamte Studium!Table of ContentsI. Allgemeine Grundlagen.- II. Nervenzelle und Umgebung.- III. Erregungsübertragung von Zelle zu Zelle.- IV. Muskel.- V. Herz.- VI. Kreislauf.- VII. Blut und Immunabwehr.- VIII. Lunge.- IX. Niere.- X. Magen-Darm-Trakt.- XI. Energie und Leistung.- XII. Neuronale Kontrolle von Haltung und Bewegung.- XIII. Allgemeine Sinnesphysiologie und somatosensorisches System.- XIV. Hören, Sprechen und Gleichgewicht.- XV. Sehen.- XVI. Riechen und Schmecken.- XVII. Höhere zentralnervöse Funktionen.- XVIII. Neuroendokrines System.- XIX. Lebenszyklus.
£67.49
LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Collagen Gels and Matrices for Biomedical
Book Synopsis
£38.64
Springer, India, Private Ltd Plant signaling: Understanding the molecular crosstalk
Book SynopsisPlant signalling has emerged as an integrated field which has become indispensable in recent times to study any biological process. Over the last decade, an enormous amount of information has been generated in this field and the advances in information technology gave birth to bioinformatics which has helped greatly in managing the galaxy of information. It is now possible to view the different information’s in a systems biology approach which has unravelled the association/ new processes and thus helped us enormously in understanding of the biological processes. The present book is an attempt at understanding the plant signalling processes with different perspectives. Even though the plants are sessile but there exists a tremendous interconnected network of perception at morphological, physiological and molecular levels. The impact of the surrounding environment in terms of abiotic and biotic stresses is significant in terms of its survival, adaptation and productivity for the human welfare. The plants possess a wide array of processes at the organ, tissue and cellular levels which are governed by a plethora of molecules. The molecules govern individual processes and these exists a cross talk between them to form a complex network of processes. The book tries to envision how different processes are operating at different points in the life cycle of the plant.Table of Contents1. Plant signaling: response to reactive oxygen species.- 2. SNARE proteins as signalling elements.- 3. Plant Rab GTPases in membrane trafficking and signaling.- 4."PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 as signalling phosphoinositides involved in tip growth ".- 5. Sugar signaling in plant growth and development.- 6. Nitrogen regulation and signalling in plants.- 7. "Phosphorus deficiency in plants: responses, adaptive mechanisms and signaling".- 8. Reactive oxygen species-associated mechanism of acclamatory stress tolerance, signaling and redox-regulated gene expression in plants.- 9. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels-Essential signalling components in plants for fertilization and immunity responses.- 10. Signaling in response to cold stress.- 11. Cell Signaling during Drought and Salt Stress.- 12. Heat signaling and stress responses in photosynthesis.- 13. Senescence: Regulation and Signaling.- 14. Molecular builders of cell walls of Lignocellulosic feedstock: a source for biofuels.- 15. Recent Trends in Jasmonate Signaling Pathway.- 16. Salicylic acid signaling.- 17. Ethylene signaling in plants- introspection.- 18. Plant, Mycorrhizal fungi and bacterial network.- 19. Self-Incompatibility patterns and signal transduction.- 20. Plant Disease Resistance genes: From perception to signal transduction.
£116.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Plasma Lipids and Their Role in Disease
Book SynopsisThis volume gives up-to-date information on plasma lipid transport, the various categories of plasma lipid disorders and the relationship between plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic disease.Table of ContentsThe transport of lipids in plasma is complex and may be subject to multiple abnormalities. The diseases associated with these abnormalities have been recognized in experimental animals since the beginning of the 20th century, but only in the last twenty years have skeptics been convinced that plasma lipid disorders in man are causally related to both atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Most plasma lipid abnormalities reflect an interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. This volume describes plasma lipid transport, the various categories of plasma lipid disorders and the relationship between plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic disease. It examines the contrasting role of LDL and HDL in atherogenesis and also describes the possible contributions of VLDL and chylomicrons. Cell surface receptors and other key proteins playing an important role in plasma lipoprotein regulation and metabolism are discussed, and the possible contribution of oxidative damage to LDL atherogenicity is considered. There is a final reflection on the effects of these disorders on endothelial function. Up-to-date information is provided here for physicians and scientists interested in plasma lipid transport and how abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins relate to disease states.
£230.00
Springer Chromosomes Today: Volume 11
Book SynopsisWhen the late Professor C. D. Darlington founded what developed into the International Chromosome Conferences in Oxford in 1964, he was concerned that scientists who worked on different aspects of chromosomes, or who studied them in different ways, should have the opportunity of "discussing the fundamental problems of chromosomes with one another". The fact that well over 300 scientists with a wide variety of interests came to Edinburgh in August 1992 for the 11th International Chromosome Conference shows that there is still the same need, and also the desire among chromosomologists to have such discussions. The present volume contains almost all the invited contributions, and attests to the diversity of approaches and applications in chromosomal studies. A few years ago it may have seemed to some that chromosome studies were being superseded by molecular biology, but the molecular biologists have now realized that they need to know about chromosomes, and indeed an important, if ill-defined discipline of 'molecular cytogenetics' has grown up in recent years. We are pleased that in planning the Conference and this book, so much of the work presented is at the interface between cytogenetics and molecular biology. This will surely continue in the future, as boundaries between disciplines are largely artificial, and each has much to learn from the others.Table of ContentsFrom chromosome number to chromosome map: the contribution of human cytogenetics to genome mapping. Molecular analysis and in vivo biology of human centromere proteins. Structural and functional analysis of the telomere region of human chromosome 16p. Isochores and chromosomal bands. Ribosomal genes and nucleolar morphology. Nucleolar proteins during mitosis. Compartmentalization of the cell nucleus: case of the nucleolus. Chromosomal divergence and speciation in grasshoppers. Chromosomal change and speciation: the Sceloporus grammicus complex (Reptilia Sauria) as a case study. Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of the recurring chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukaemia. Chromosomal abnormalities in solid tumours. Non radioactive in situ hybridization on metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei in malignant cells. Gene mapping and chromosome analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Microdissection of GTG-based chromosomes and PCR-mediated cloning. Molecular cytogenetics - biology and applications in plant breeding. Cereal genome structure and evolution. Fragile sites and unstable elements. The AZF-function of the human Y chromosome during spermatogenesis. Unpaired sex-chromosomes and gametogenic failure. Mammalian sex determination: what we have learnt from a chromosomal design fault. Evolution of the mammalian XY pairing segment. The questionable role of the synaptonemal complex in meiotic chromosome pairing. Meiotic nodules in vascular plants. The origin of non-disjunction in humans. Aneuploidy in oocytes of mammals, cell cycle control and gene expression. Minisatellite mutation and recombination. The M26 homologous recombination hotspot: sequences, factors and chromosomal context. Imprinting and epigenetic programming of the mouse genome: long lasting consequences for development and phenotype. Methylated DNA binding proteins and chromatic structure. Rye B chromosome transmission depends on the B, the carrier of the B and themother of the carrier.
£161.99
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Water And Life: Life In Water And Water In Life
Book SynopsisThis book is unique in presenting all aspects of water. It includes discussion of the theory of a water molecule, its properties, both in the pure state and as a solvent. In particular, it emphasizes the relevance of water to life.Water is the most important liquid. It is also a vital component of all living systems. It has very unusual properties which makes it the most interesting for research and study.
£31.50
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Nanobiotherapeutic Based Blood Substitutes
Book SynopsisThis definitive volume will provide the reader with up to date information and the most recent science of the fast-evolving area of nanobiotherapeutic-based blood substitutes. Long studied, there are recent updates that make their use in patients more promising, and with one product approved for human use, many more in the pipeline. These include 2nd generations and even third generation ones, the later with enhancement of red blood cell functions. In addition, there are carefully written and referenced updates on the recent history and products in the field, complete with pathophysiologic and pharmacologic studies to validate and verify the efficacy and safety of many of these new products.Table of ContentsUnlimited Potential of Nanobiotechnology Based Blood Substitutes, Artificial Cells and Nanobiotherapeutics (TMS Chang); General: Development and Future of Chinese Transfusion Medicine and Blood Substitutes (J Liu and C Yang); The Clinical Impact of Red Blood Cell Storage: What Have the RCTs Told Us? (CP Stowell); Rational, Evidence-Based Transfusion: A Physiologist's Perspective (GP Biro); Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers, Volume Expansion, Fluid Management and Anemia (TN Estep); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers: Biotechnology-based Oxygen Carriers (TMS Chang); Hemoglobin-Glutamer 250 (bovine) [HBOC-201, Hemopure (R)] Clinical Use in South Africa and Comprehensive Review of Cardiac Outcomes and Risk/Benefit in Peer-Reviewed, Indexed Studies in Humans and Animal Models (JS Jahr, K Tseng, AP Brown and GP Dube); Immune Safety Evaluation of Polymerized Porcine Hemoglobin (pPolyHb) - Potential Red Blood Cell Substitutes (H Zhu, K Yan, X Dang, H Huang, E Chen, B Chen, Chan Luo, TMS Chang, P Dai and C Chen); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers and Inhaled Nitric Oxide (B Yu and WM Zapol); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers and Myocardial Infarction: Assessment of Potential Mechanisms (TN Estep); Insights Into the Possible Mechanisms of Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carrier-Mediated Bradycardia and Adverse Cardiac Effects Observed in Clinical Trials (HW Kim); Modulation of Oxygen Affinity in Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriers (EAM Alomari, L Ronda, S Bettati, A Mozzarelli and S Bruno ); Cysteine Mutations in Recombinant Fetal Hemoglobin Influence Oxidative Side-Reactions (K Kettisen and L Bulow); Analysis of Dimeric A Subunit Exchange between Bis-PEGylated and Native Hemoglobins (T Matsuhira, K Yamamoto and H Sakai); Ring-Opening Polymerization of Hemoglobin Based on Supramolecular Chemistry (T Matsuhira, K Yamamoto and H Sakai); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers with Antioxidant Activities: Unraveling of Hemoglobin Oxidative Toxicity: Thirty Years of Investigation (AI Alayash ); A Nanobiotechnologic Therapeutic that Transport Oxygen and Removes Oxygen Radicals (TMS Chang); Effects of Crosslinked Polyhemoglobin-Superoxide Dismutase-Catalase on Blood-Brain Barrier and Brain Edema in a Hemorrhagic Shock Transient Global Ischemia Rat Model (DD Powanda and TMS Chang); Strategies to Decrease the Oxidative Toxicity of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (L Zhoa); Enhancing the Stability of Lumbricus terrestris Erythrocruorin (LtEc) for Use as a Blood Substitute (B Timm and J Elmer); Dual Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidation Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Bovine Hemoglobin (G Chan and TMS Chang); Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers with Enhancement in Both Antioxidant Functions and Carbon Dioxide Transport: Soluble Nanobiotherapeutics with Enhancements of All Three Major Red Blood Cell Functions (TMS Chang); A Novel Nanobiotherapeutical Poly-[Hemoglobin-Superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic Anhydrase] with No Cardiac Toxicity for the Resuscitation of a 90-minute Sustained Severe Hemorrhagic Shock Rat Model with Two-third Blood Volume Loss (Y Bian and TMS Chang); Long Term Safety and Immunological Effects of a Nanobiotherapeutic, Bovine Poly-[Hemoglobin-Catalase-Superoxide Dismutase-Carbonic Anhydrase], After Four Weekly 5% Blood Volume Toploading Followed by a Challenge of 30% Exchange Transfusion (G Chen and TMS Chang); Extraction of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Carbonic Anhydrase from Stroma-free Red Blood Cell Hemolysate for the Preparation of the Nanobiotechnological Complex of PolyHemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase (C Guo, M Gynn and TMS Chang); Temperature Stability of Poly-[hemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase] in the Form of a Solution or In the Lyophilized Form During Storage at -80 DegreesC, 4 DegreesC, 25 DegreesC and 37 DegreesC or Pasteurization at 70 DegreesC (Y Bian, C Guo and TMS Chang); Biodegradable and Lipid Membrane Nanoencapsulated Nano-Artificial Cells: Nanotechnology-based Complete Artificial Red Blood Cells (TMS Chang ); Analysis of Polyethylene-Glycol-Polylactide Nano-Dimension Artificial Red Blood Cells in Maintaining Systemic Hemoglobin Levels and Prevention of Methemoglobin Formation (TMS Chang, DD Powanda D and WP Yu); Effects of PEG-PLA-Nano Artificial Cells Containing Hemoglobin on Kidney Function and Renal Histology in Rats (ZC Liu and TMS Chang); Long Term Effects on the Histology and Function of Livers And Spleens in Rats after 33% Toploading of PEG-PLA Nano-Artificial Red Blood Cells (ZC Liu and TMS Chang); Polylactide-Polyethylene Membrane Nanoencapsulated Polyhemoglobin-superoxide Dismutase-Catalase-Carbonic anhydrase. Nano-Artificial Red Blood Cells that Act as O2 and CO2 Carriers with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity (W Gao, Y Bian and TMS Chang); Possibility of Pre-Hospital Resuscitation using Hemoglobin Vesicles for Trauma Hemorrhagic Shock with Coagulopathy - Our Resuscitation Strategy (M Kinoshita and K Hagisawa); Translational Research of Hemoglobin Vesicles (Artificial Red Cells) for a Transfusion Alternative and O2/CO Therapeutics (H Sakai, H Azuma, H Horinouchi and K Kobayashi); Hemoglobin Vesicles as a Transfusion Alternative for Perioperative Hemorrhage in Thoracic Surgery (M Kohno, R Hashimoto, H Onozawa, K Oiwa, H Horinouchi, H Sakai, K Kobayashi and M Iwazaki); Prevention of Methemoglobin Formation in Artificial Red Cells (Hemoglobin-Vesicles) (H Sakai and M Yamada); Carbon Monoxide-Bound Hemoglobin-Vesicles: Current Facts and Potential Medical Applications (K Taguchi, K Matsumoto, H Sakai, T Maruyama and M Otagiri); Influence of Hemoglobin Vesicles on Immune Function (H Azuma, M Fujihara and H Sakai); Cells, Tissues and Organs Preservation: Development of a New HBOC for Liver Allograft Preservation in Combination with Machine Perfusion - Clearing the Wait List (KD Vandegriff, A Malavalli and WR Light); OxyVita (R) Hb: A Step Forward in Delivering Oxygen Carrying Capacity for Therapeutic Applications (H Wollocko, J Harrington, JS Jahr, K Steier and J Wollocko); Functionality of Albumin-Derived Perfluorocarbon-Based Artificial Oxygen Carriers in the Langendorff Heart (KB Ferenz and M Kirsch); Nanobiotherapeutics as Preservation Fluids for Organs and Cells (TMS Chang, W Jiang, F D'Agnillo and S Razack ); Platelet: Polyhemoglobin-Fibrinogen: A Novel Oxygen Carrier with Platelet-like Properties in a Hemodilution Setting (NSW Wong and TMS Chang); Megakaryocytes and Platelets from Novel Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Development of Cell-based Regenerative Medicine (Y Ono-Uruga, K Tozawa, Y Ikeda and Y Matsubara);
£207.00
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd Rare Earth Elements in Human and Environmental
Book SynopsisThis book presents the multifaceted aspects of rare earth elements (REEs), focusing on both their potential benefits and adverse health effects. The adverse impacts of REEs on human and environmental health raise a growing concern not only in the scientific community but also among a number of stakeholders, potentially including students, media workers, and decision makers. The recognized and potential benefits arising from REE-related technological applications may envisage their further advantages.A limited number of books have been devoted so far to REEs, and they mainly focus on REE-related chemistry, mineralogy, economy, and developing technologies for these elements. This book presents recent research achievements in REE-associated health effects, which have been mostly confined to journal reports on individual laboratory studies so far. It is an updated and balanced approach to REE research and technology. It provides novel yet established information as stated in the title "At the Crossroads between Toxicity and Safety," with particular emphasis on the hormesis phenomenon. Trade Review"Rare earth elements are involved in a number of essential technological applications. Their effects raise a number of challenges in environmental sciences and in human health. The present book provides an extensive and balanced survey of the manifold—adverse and favorable—effects associated with rare earth elements."—Prof. Dr. José L. Domingo, Rovira i Virgili University, Spain"The present book is a valuable tool to gain insight into the complex and sometimes surprising health effects of rare earth elements. Especially interesting—due to my field of research—are the chapters addressed to the study of the changes in redox endpoints in a number of organisms and cell systems. This carefully edited book, with a multidisciplinary view of rare earth elements, is really an important scientific contribution." —Prof. Dr. Federico V. Pallardó, University of Valencia, Spain"I congratulate the authors for this timely production of an extensive overview of an important topic in environmental and medical sciences: the risks and challenges that may be connected with increasing use and distribution of rare earth elements. It is essential to increase our knowledge about the environmental fate and biological effects of these technologically so important metals in order to prevent unforeseen long-term consequences of our doing. This book will surely become an important resource for scientists, engineers, and decision makers who understand the need of a sensible exploitation of this resource." —Prof. Dr. Susanne Heise, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, GermanyTable of ContentsTrends in Occupational Toxicology of Rare Earth Elements. Levels and Biodistribution of Rare Earths in Human Tissues. Rare Earth Elements, Oxidative Stress and Disease. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles-associated Oxidant and Antioxidant Effects and Mechanism. Rare Earth Elements and Plants. Rare Earth Elements and Microorganisms. Rare Earth Element Toxicity to Marine and Freshwater Algae. Exposure to Rare Earth Elements in Animals: a Systematic Review of Biological Effects in Mammals, Fish and Invertebrates. Hazard Assessment and the Evaluation of Rare Earth Element Dose-Response Relationships. Rare earth elements as phosphate binders: From kidneys to lakes. Rare Earth Elements: Modulation of Calcium-Driven Processes in Epithelium and Stroma. Rare Earth Elements Equilibria in Aqueous Media. Conclusions and Research Priorities.
£94.04
Springer Verlag, Singapore ENZYMES Catalysis Kinetics and Mechanisms
Book SynopsisThe book is divided into six major sections 1) Enzyme Catalysis A Perspective, 2) Enzyme Kinetic Practice and Measurements, 3) Elucidation of Kinetic Mechanisms, 4) Chemical Mechanisms and Catalysis, 5) Exploiting Enzymes, and 6) An end piece on Frontiers in Enzymology.
£40.49
Springer Inulin for Pharmaceutical Applications
Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Inulin.- 2. Extraction and Purification of Inulin.- 3. Inulin: A Versatile Polymer for Drug Delivery System.- 4. Inulin as Stabilizer.- 5. Inulin as a Coating Agent.- 6. Inulin as a Prebiotic and its Effect on Gut Microbiota.- 7. Inulin as a Natural Ingredient in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products.- 8. Inulin as a Pharmaceutical Excipient.- 9. Toxicity and Safety Aspects of Inulin.- 10. Role of Inulin in the Management of Metabolic Disorders.- 11. Inulin and Gastrointestinal Disorders.- 12. Inulin: A Versatile Polymer in Colon Drug-targeting.- 13. Regulatory Aspects of Inulin-Based Pharmaceutical Products.- 14. Therapeutic Role of Inulin in Disease Management.- 15. Future Prospects in Inulin Research.- 16. The Potential of Inulin to Revolutionize Pharmaceutical Industries.
£116.99
The University of Chicago Press The ABC of AcidBase Chemistry The Elements of
Book SynopsisThe ABC of Acid-Base Chemistry provides physiologists, medical students, and physicians with an intelligible outline of the elements of physiological acid-base chemistry. This new edition of Horace W. Davenport's standard text takes into account different ways of looking at the problems of acid-base derived from new instrumentation. The exposition has been modified to allow the student to apply his understanding to other systems of description of the acid-base status. Although the pH system has been retained, there is increasing emphasis on the use of hydrogen ion concentration. Topics discussed include: partial pressure of gases, composition of alveolar gas, transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, buffer action of hemoglobin and seperated plasma, oxygenated whole blood and reduced blood, concepts of base excess and base deficit, and chemical regulation of respiration. Any reader who clearly understands the subject matter of this book will have a firm grounding in the prin
£30.00
The University of Chicago Press Radium and the Secret of Life
Book SynopsisBefore the hydrogen bomb indelibly associated radioactivity with death, many chemists, physicians, botanists, and geneticists believed that radium might hold the secret to life. This book recovers a forgotten history of the connections between radioactivity and the life sciences that existed long before the dawn of molecular biology.Trade Review"Radium and the Secret of Life probes the experimental and metaphorical connections between transmutation and mutation. As that coupling makes clear, it was a book waiting to be written. Campos provides a deeply researched, engagingly written, and provocatively argued history of this potent conjunction and how it disintegrated so fully as to be nearly forgotten." (Angela N. H. Creager, author of Life Atomic)
£80.00
The University of Chicago Press Radium and the Secret of Life
Book Synopsis
£36.19
John Wiley & Sons Inc Human Blood Plasma Proteins
Book SynopsisHuman Blood Plasma Proteins gives an overview of the proteins found in human blood plasma, with special emphasis on their structure and function and relationship to pathological states and disease. Topics covered include: introduction to blood components and blood plasma proteins blood plasma protein domains, motifs and repeats blood plasma protein families and posttranslational modifications blood coagulation and fibrinolysis the complement system the immune system enzymes inhibitors lipoproteins hormones cytokines and growth factors transport and storage The information of each protein discussed in this book in some detail is summarised at the end of each chapter in a Data Sheet, where one can find the most important data of each protein at one glance. Full cross-referencing to protein databases is given and many of the proteins discussed are accompTrade Review"A major addition to the protein library, with an attractive and authoritative display of critical information about each plasma protein and a color schema of its three-dimensional structure from PDB." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, December 2009)Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Introduction. References. Part I. 2 Blood Components. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Short History. 2.3 Blood Components. References. Data Sheet. 3 Blood Plasma Proteins. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Short History. 3.3 Classification of Blood Plasma Proteins. References. Part II. 4 Domains, Motifs and Repeats. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Like Domain. 4.3 The Kringle Domain. 4.4 The g-Carboxyglutamic Acid-Rich (Gla) Domain. 4.5 The PAN/Apple Domain. 4.6 The Sushi/CCP/SCR Domain. 4.7 The Fibronectin Type I, the Fibronectin Type II Collagen-Binding and the Fibronectin Type III Domains. 4.8 The Coagulation Factors 5/8 Type C Domain (FA58C). 4.9 The Thrombospondin Type I Repeat (TSP1). 4.10 The VWFA, VWFC and VWFD Domains. 4.11 The Cystatin-Like Domain. 4.12 The LDL-Receptor Class A (LDLRA) and Class B (LDLRB) Domains. 4.13 The C-Terminal Cystine Knot (CTCK) Structure. 4.14 The Anaphylatoxin Domain. 4.15 The CUB Domain. 4.16 The NTR Domain. 4.17 The C-Type Lectin (CTL) Domain. 4.18 The Ig-Like Domain. References. 5 Protein Families. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Serine Proteases: The Trypsin Family. 5.3 Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins). 5.4 The a2-Macroglobulin Family. 5.5 The Serum Albumin Family. 5.6 The Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz) Family Signature. 5.7 The Kazal Serine Protease Inhibitors Family Signature. 5.8 The Multicopper Oxidase Family. 5.9 The Lipocalin Family. 5.10 The Globin Family. 5.11 The Glucagon/Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP)/Secretin/Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Family. 5.12 The Glycoprotein Hormone Family. 5.13 Membrane Attack Complex Components/Perforin Signature (The Complement C6/C7/C8/C9 Family). 5.14 The Lipase Family. 5.15 Hormone Families and Signatures. 5.16 Growth Factor Families. 5.17 Cytokine Families. 5.18 Interleukin Families and Signatures. 5.19 The Small Cytokine (Intercrine/Chemokine) Family and Signature. References. 6 Posttranslational Modifications. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Databases for Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs). 6.3 Disulfide Bridges. 6.4 Glycosylation. 6.5 Phosphorylation. 6.6 Hydroxylation. 6.7 Sulfation. 6.8 Acylation and Alkylation. 6.9 Amidation. 6.10 Carboxylation. 6.11 Crosslinks. References. Part III. 7 Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 7.1 Introduction. 7.1.1 Definition of haemostasis. 7.2 Primary Haemostasis. 7.3 The Coagulation Cascade. 7.4 The Fibrinolytic System. 7.5 The Regulation of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 7.6 The Kinin and Angiotensin/Renin Systems. References. Data Sheets. 8 The Complement System. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Classical Pathway. 8.3 The Alternative Pathway. 8.4 The Terminal Components of the Complement System. 8.5 Components of Complement Activation. 8.6 Regulation of the Complement System. References. Data Sheets. 9 The Immune System. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Immunoglobulins. 9.3 Antibody Diversity. 9.4 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Proteins. 9.5 Innate Immune System. 9.6 Other Proteins. References. Data Sheets. 10 Enzymes. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 EC 1: Oxidoreductases. 10.3 EC 2: Transferases. 10.4 EC 3: Hydrolases. 10.5 EC 5: Isomerases. References. Data Sheets. 11 Inhibitors. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins). 11.3 Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 11.4 The Complement System. 11.5 General Inhibitors. 11.6 Other Serpins. 11.7 Other Inhibitors. References. Data Sheets. 12 Lipoproteins. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Enzymes in Lipoprotein Metabolism. 12.3 Apolipoproteins. 12.4 LDL and VLDL Receptors. 12.5 Serum Amyloid A Proteins. References. Data Sheets. 13 Hormones. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Pancreatic Hormones. 13.3 Gastrointestinal Hormones. 13.4 Calcium-Related Hormones. 13.5 Hormone-Releasing Factors, Their Trophic Hormones and Related Hormones. 13.6 Vasopressin and Oxytocin. 13.7 Natural Opioid Peptides. 13.8 Vasoactive Peptides. 13.9 Erythropoietin and Thrombopoietin. 13.10 Others. References. Data Sheets. 14 Cytokines and Growth Factors. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Interleukin Families. 14.3 Tumour Necrosis Factor Family. 14.4 The Interferon Family. 14.5 Chemokines. 14.6 The Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Family. 14.7 Transforming Growth Factor-b Family. 14.8 Miscellaneous. References. Data Sheets. 15 Transport and Storage. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Serum Albumin Family. 15.3 The Globin Family. 15.4 Iron Transport and Storage. 15.5 Transport of Hormones, Steroids and Vitamins. 15.6 Other Transport Proteins in Plasma. References. Data Sheets. 16 Additional Proteins. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Additional Blood Plasma Proteins. Data Sheets. Appendix. Glossary. Index.
£133.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chromatographic Methods in Clinical Chemistry and
Book SynopsisChromatographic Methods in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology fills the gap that exists between theoretical treatments of chromatography, and clinical chemistry and toxicology texts that focus almost exclusively on clinical relevance and applications.Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii 1. Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Method Validation in Chromatographic Applications 1Michele L. Merves and Bruce A. Goldberger 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History 1 1.3 Definition of Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3 1.4 Professional Organizations 4 1.5 Internal Quality Assurance and Control 5 1.5.1 Standard operating procedure manual 5 1.5.2 Method development 5 1.5.3 Method validation 6 1.5.4 Accuracy 7 1.5.5 Precision 7 1.5.6 Recovery 7 1.5.7 Lower limits of detection (sensitivity) and quantitation 8 1.5.8 Range of linearity 8 1.5.9 Specificity 9 1.5.10 Stability 9 1.5.11 Carryover 9 1.5.12 Ruggedness 9 1.5.13 Selection of a reference standard 10 1.5.14 Selection of an internal standard and standard addition 10 1.5.15 Selection of derivatization agent 10 1.5.16 Selection of ions for selected-ion monitoring or full-scan analysis 11 1.5.17 Chromatographic performance 11 1.5.18 Statistical evaluation of quality control 11 1.6 External Quality Assurance 13 References 13 2. Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Measurement of Anabolic Steroids 15Don H. Catlin, Yu-Chen Chang, Borislav Starcevic and Caroline K. Hatton 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 LC-MS Analysis of Synthetic Steroids or Animal Samples 16 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Natural Androgens in Human Samples 19 2.4 Conclusion 29 References 29 3. High-performance Liquid Chromatography in the Analysis of Active Ingredients in Herbal Nutritional Supplements 33Amitava Dasgupta 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 St John’s Wort 35 3.2.1 Drug interactions with St John’s wort 35 3.2.2 Measurement of active ingredients of St John’s wort using HPLC 36 3.2.3 Analysis of St John’s wort extract with other analytical techniques 38 3.2.4 Measurement of hypericin and hyperforin in human plasma using HPLC 38 3.3 Herbal Supplements with Digoxin-like Immunoreactivity 39 3.3.1 Use of HPLC for the determination of chan su, danshen and ginsengs 40 3.4 Herbal Remedies and Abnormal Liver Function Tests 41 3.4.1 Use of GC-MS and HPLC for the measurement of active components 43 3.5 Ginkgo Biloba 43 3.5.1 Analysis of components of ginkgo biloba by HPLC 44 3.6 Echinacea 45 3.6.1 Analysis of active components of echinacea by HPLC 45 3.7 Valerian 46 3.7.1 Analysis of components of valerian by HPLC 46 3.8 Feverfew 46 3.8.1 Analysis of parthenolide by HPLC 47 3.9 Garlic 47 3.9.1 Measurement of components of garlic by HPLC 48 3.10 Ephedra (Ma Huang) and Related Drugs 48 3.10.1 Analysis of active components of ephedra-containing products 49 3.11 Conclusions 50 References 50 4. Measurement of Plasma L-DOPA and L-Tyrosine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Tumor Marker in Melanoma 56Thierry Le Bricon, Sabine Letellier, Konstantin Stoitchkov and Jean-Pierre Garnier 4.1 Introduction 56 4.2 Melanogenesis 57 4.2.1 Overview of the pathway 57 4.2.2 Potential tumor markers 58 4.3 L-DOPA Alone 59 4.3.1 Urine analysis 59 4.3.2 Blood (plasma or serum) analysis 59 4.4 L-DOPA/L-Tyrosine Ratio 60 4.4.1 Technical aspects 60 4.4.2 Clinical results 61 4.4.3 Future directions 63 4.5 Conclusion 64 References 65 5. Hypersensitive Measurement of Proteins by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 67Feng Zhou and Murray Johnston 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 A Robust CIEF-RPLC Interface 69 5.3 First-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System for Proteins 71 5.4 Second-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System 76 5.5 Future Improvements 83 Acknowledgment 83 References 83 6. Chromatographic Measurement of Transferrin Glycoforms for Detecting Alcohol Abuse and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation 87Anders Helander 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Transferrin Microheterogeneity 88 6.3 Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin (CDT) 89 6.4 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 89 6.5 Analytical Methods for Transferrin Microheterogeneity 90 6.6 Chromatographic Methods for CDT 91 6.6.1 HPLC conditions and potential interferences 91 6.6.2 Chromatographic separation of transferrin glycoforms 92 6.6.3 Genetic transferrin variants and glycoform types 94 6.6.4 Sensitivity and reproducibility 94 6.7 Chromatographic Methods for CDG 94 6.7.1 HPLC testing for CDG 95 6.7.2 LC-MS testing for CDG 95 6.8 Summary and Conclusions 96 References 97 7. Chromatographic Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines 101Eric C. Y. Chan and Paul C. L. Ho 7.1 Background 101 7.1.1 Total or individual assays 104 7.2 Analytical Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines 105 7.3 Early Methods 105 7.3.1 Catecholamines 105 7.3.2 Metanephrines 106 7.4 Current Chromatographic Methods 106 7.4.1 Chemistry of catecholamines 106 7.4.2 Specimen preparation 107 7.4.3 Fluorescence detection 109 7.4.4 Electrochemical detection 110 7.4.5 Chemiluminescence detection 112 7.4.6 Mass spectrometry 115 7.5 Practical Considerations for the Stability of Urinary Catecholamines and Metanephrines During Storage 117 7.6 Future Developments 118 Dedication 119 References 119 8. Chromatographic Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 127Larry A. Broussard 8.1 Introduction 127 8.2 General Considerations 127 8.3 Intended Use 128 8.4 Volatility of Compounds 128 8.5 Sample Collection, Handling and Storage 129 8.6 Headspace Gas Chromatographic Methods 129 8.7 Columns and Detectors 130 8.8 Identification, Quantitation and Confirmation 130 8.9 Ethanol and Other Volatile Alcohols 131 8.10 Inhalants and Screening for Multiple VOCs 132 8.11 Interpretation 134 8.12 Conclusion 136 References 136 9. Chromatographic Techniques for Measuring Organophosphorus Pesticides 139H. Wollersen and F. Musshoff 9.1 Introduction 139 9.2 Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPs) 141 9.2.1 Mechanism of action 141 9.2.2 Intoxication 141 9.2.3 Progression of intoxication and longer term risks 145 9.2.4 Therapy 146 9.2.5 Analytical procedures 146 9.3 Conclusion 163 References 164 10. Chromatographic Analysis of Nerve Agents 170Jeri D. Ropero-Miller 10.1 Introduction 170 10.2 Neuromuscular Blockers 170 10.2.1 Background and uses 170 10.2.2 Classification, mechanism and duration of action 171 10.2.3 Effects and toxicity 173 10.2.4 Analysis 173 10.3 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: Saxitoxin 185 10.3.1 Background 185 10.3.2 Toxicity 187 10.3.3 Analysis 188 10.4 Summary 191 References 195 11. History and Pharmacology of c-Hydroxybutyric Acid 197Laureen Marinetti 11.1 Introduction 197 11.2 History of Illicit Use of GHB 198 11.3 Clinical Use of GHB in Humans 200 11.4 History of Illicit Use of GBL and 1,4BD 200 11.5 Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of GHB, GBL and 1,4BD 202 11.6 GHB Interpretation Issues and Post-mortem Production 204 11.7 Analysis for GHB, GBL and 1,4BD 208 References 213 12. Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection for Element Speciation: Clinical and Toxicological Applications 217Katarzyna Wrobel, Kazimierz Wrobel and Joseph A. Caruso 12.1 Introduction 217 12.2 Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection 218 12.3 Analytical Applications of Clinical and Toxicological Relevance 219 12.3.1 Arsenic 219 12.3.2 Iodine 234 12.3.3 Mercury 234 12.3.4 Platinum 240 12.3.5 Selenium 245 12.4 Conclusions and Future Trends 260 12.5 Abbreviations 260 References 262 13. Applications of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to the Determination of Toxic Metals 274Suresh K. Aggarwal, Robert L. Fitzgerald and David A. Herold 13.1 Introduction 274 13.2 Instrumentation 275 13.3 Experimental Procedure 276 13.3.1 Preparation of internal standard solutions 276 13.3.2 Digestion of biological sample 276 13.3.3 Preparation of metal chelate 277 13.4 GC-MS Studies 278 13.4.1 Memory effect evaluation 278 13.4.2 Precision and accuracy in measuring isotope ratios 281 13.4.3 Results of concentration determination of toxic metals in biological samples 283 13.5 Conclusions 284 References 284 Index 287
£134.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc PainFree Biochemistry
Book SynopsisAn accessible engaging biochemistry primer with short, 'bite sized' chapters that gently lead the reader through the essential chemistry and biochemistry they need to know without going into unnecessary and intimidating detail. Assumes only a basic understanding of chemistry and focuses on helping the reader to understand key concepts.Trade Review"For students embarking on careers in the health sciences, it is an essential academic companion and, retailing at approximately £28, it is excellent value for money". (The Biochemist, 1 June 2011) "It's not every day that one picks up a textbook that can claim to occupy a unique niche, given the multitude of scientific textbooks that are vying for a medical readership. However, with the recent publication of Pain-Free Biochemistry: An Essential Guide for the Health Sciences, which is specifically aimed at students of medicine and nursing, one could be left wondering just why nobody thought of this sooner." (Irish Medical News, September 08, 2010)Table of ContentsPreface x Section 1 Foundations 1 Topic 1 Why biochemistry? 3 Topic 2 Remarkableness of life 9 Chemistry I The basic structure of substances: atoms, molecules, elements and compounds 13 Chemistry II Atomic structure, valency and bonding 16 Chemistry III Protons, acids, bases, concentration and the pH scale 25 Topic 3 Shape, molecular recognition and proteins: an example 32 Topic 4 Proteins: molecular necklaces 38 Topic 5 Chemical transformations in the living organism: metabolism 43 Topic 6 Reactions, catalysts and enzymes 46 Topic 7 Specificity, saturation and active sites 49 Topic 8 Structure of metabolism: anabolism and catabolism 54 Chemistry IV Equilibrium 56 Topic 9 Catabolism: degradation vs energy metabolism 60 Chemistry V Oxidation and reduction 63 Topic 10 Oxidation and reduction in metabolism 67 Section 2 Catabolism 71 Chemistry VI Aldehydes, ketones and sugars 73 Topic 11 Carbohydrates: sugars and polysaccharides in metabolism 81 Topic 12 Glucose inside the body 85 Topic 13 Breakdown of sugar: glycolysis 88 Topic 14 Aerobic oxidation of pyruvate: Krebs cycle 94 Topic 15 Respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation and overall ATP yields 98 Topic 16 Mobilising the carbohydrate store: glycogenolysis 103 Chemistry VII Alcohols, esters, glycerol, fatty acids and triglycerides 106 Chemistry VIII Hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic 109 Topic 17 Phospholipids and membranes 111 Chemistry IX Saturated and unsaturated 114 Topic 18 Fats as an energy source 119 Topic 19 Fats: digestion, transport, storage and mobilisation 122 Topic 20 Fats: oxidation of fatty acids 126 Topic 21 Ketone bodies in health and disease 133 Topic 22 Dietary fat: essential fatty acids 137 Topic 23 Protein and amino acid breakdown 140 Topic 24 Shedding excess amino groups: urea cycle 147 Section 3 Anabolism and Control 151 Topic 25 Is anabolism just catabolism backwards? 153 Topic 26 Making new glucose: gluconeogenesis 156 Topic 27 Fatty acid biosynthesis 161 Topic 28 Providing reducing power: NADPH and the pentose phosphate pathway 164 Chemistry X Isotopes 168 Topic 29 Red cells and white cells: defence against reactive oxygen and reactive oxygen as defence! 172 Topic 30 The need for metabolic control 176 Topic 31 Relationship of fats and carbohydrates: use by different tissues 179 Section 4 Genes and Protein Synthesis 181 Topic 32 The idea of genes 183 Topic 33 The chemistry of genes: DNA and the double helix 186 Topic 34 The genetic code and mRNA 190 Topic 35 Protein synthesis, ribosomes and tRNA 193 Topic 36 Genetic differences and disease 197 Topic 37 Genetic variability: drug metabolism and disease susceptibility 203 Topic 38 Mutation, radiation and ageing 205 Topic 39 Switching genes on and off: development, tissue specificity, adaptation and tolerance 207 Topic 40 DNA and protein synthesis as targets: chemotherapy, antibiotics, etc. 210 Section 5 Physiological Systems and Clinical Issues 217 Topic 41 Hormones and second messengers 219 Topic 42 Switching enzymes on and off: coarse and fine control 222 Topic 43 Insulin, glucagon and adrenaline 224 Topic 44 Diabetes 229 Topic 45 Steroid hormones and receptors: fertility control, pregnancy testing, etc. 233 Topic 46 Pituitary hormones and feedback loops 238 Topic 47 Thyroid hormones 240 Topic 48 Adrenal cortex 244 Topic 49 Prostaglandins and inflammation: aspirin 246 Topic 50 Membrane transport 250 Topic 51 Nerve and muscle 255 Topic 52 pH homeostasis 258 Topic 53 Diagnostic markers: biochemical tests 261 Topic 54 Blood, bleeding and clotting 265 Section 6 Appendices 271 Appendix 1 pH and neutrality 273 Appendix 2 Crystallography 274 Appendix 3 Protein forces, secondary structure and folding 277 Appendix 4 Equilibrium constant 281 Appendix 5 Phosphorus, phosphoric acid and phosphate esters 283 Appendix 6 Coenzymes, cofactors and prosthetic groups 285 Appendix 7 Coenzyme A 287 Appendix 8 Krebs cycle and evidence for a catalytic reaction sequence 289 Appendix 9 Knoop’s experiment pointing to β-oxidation of fatty acids 291 Appendix 10 Isoenzymes 293 Appendix 11 Genetic code 295 Appendix 12 Different kinds of mutation 297 Appendix 13 Restriction enzymes 299 Appendix 14 Enzyme inhibition 301 Appendix 15 Electrophoresis to separate proteins 304 Appendix 16 Chromatography and mass spectrometry to separate and identify metabolites 308 Glossary 313 MCQ answers 322 Index 323
£37.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc GPCR Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Targeting
Book SynopsisG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large protein family of transmembrane receptors vital in dictating cellular responses. GPCRs are involved in many diseases, but are also the target of around half of all modern medicinal drugs. Shifting Paradigms in G Protein Coupled Receptors takes a look at the way GPCRs are examined today, how they react, how their mutations lead to disease, and the many ways in which they can be screened for compounds that modulate them. Chemists, pharmacologists, and biologists will find essential information in this comprehensive reference.Trade Review"Additionally, the presentation of the fundamental concepts of GPCR biology by the authors, who are recognized experts in the GPCR field, is likely to be appreciated by students of pharmacology. . . This is a unique resource for navigating the field of GPCR research." (Doody's, 23 September 2011) ". . . scientists whose area of research is (or will be) connected with GPCRs ... will get a comprehensive overview of current state-of-the-art research in this broad and rapidly developing field." (ChemMedChem, 1 February 2011)Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. 1. The Evolution of Receptors: From On–Off Switches to Microprocessors (Terry Kenakin). 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. The Receptor as an On–Off Switch. 1.3. Historical Background and Classical Receptor Theory. 1.4. The Operational Model of Drug Action. 1.5. Receptor Antagonism. 1.6. Specific Models of GPCRs (7TM Receptors). 1.7. The Receptor as Microprocessor: Ternary Complex Models. 1.8. Receptors as Basic Drug Recognition Units. 1.9. Receptor Structure. 1.10. Future Considerations. References. 2. The Evolving Pharmacology of GPCRs 27 (Lauren T. May, Nicholas D. Holliday, and Stephen J. Hill). 2.1. Agonists, Neutral Antagonists, and Inverse Agonists. 2.2. LDTRS/Protean Agonism. 2.3. Molecular Mechanisms of GPCR Ligand Binding. 2.4. Two GPCR Ligands Binding at Once—Concept of Allosterism. 2.5. GPCR Dimerization. 2.6. Future Perspectives. Acknowledgments. References. 3. The Emergence of Allosteric Modulators for G Protein-Coupled Receptors (Karen J. Gregory, Celine Valant, John Simms, Patrick M. Sexton, and Arthur Christopoulos). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Foundations of Allosteric Receptor Theory. 3.3. Models for Understanding the Effects of Allosteric Modulators. 3.4. Types of Allosteric Modulators and Their Properties. 3.5. Detection and Quantification of Allosteric Interactions. 3.6. Some Examples of GPCR Allosteric Modulators. 3.7. Concluding Remarks. References. 4. Receptor-Mediated G Protein Activation: How, How Many, and Where? (Ingrid Gsandtner, Christian W. Gruber, and Michael Freissmuth). 4.1. The Mechanical Problem—Three Different Solutions. 4.2. Receptor Monomers–Dimers–Oligomers: One Size Fits All? 4.3. Corrals, Fences, Rafts—Are There Privileged Places for GPCR Activation? Acknowledgments. References. 5. Molecular Pharmacology of Frizzleds—with Implications for Possible Therapy (Gunnar Schulte). 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Frizzleds as WNT Receptors. 5.3. Frizzled Signaling 120. 5.4. Frizzleds—Physiology and Possible Therapy. Acknowledgments. References. 6. Secretin Receptor Dimerization: A Possible Functionally Important Paradigm for Family B G Protein-Coupled Receptors (Kaleeckal G. Harikumar, Maoqing Dong, and Laurence J. Miller). 6.1. Methodological Approaches to GPCR Oligomerization. 6.2. Structural Themes for GPCR Oligomerization. 6.3. Functional Effects of GPCR Oligomerization. 6.4. Secretin Receptor Oligomerization. References. 7. Past and Future Strategies for GPCR Deorphanization (Angélique Levoye, Nathalie Clement, Elodie Tenconi and Ralf Jockers). 7.1. Introduction. 7.2. Current Strategies to Identify the Ligand and Function of Orphan 7TM Proteins. 7.3. Functional Assays for Deorphanization. 7.4. Future Directions and New Concepts. 7.5. Controversial Issues. Acknowledgments. References. 8. High-Throughput GPCR Screening Technologies and the Emerging Importance of the Cell Phenotype (Terry Reisine and Richard M. Eglen). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. How Are GPCR Drugs Discovered? 8.3. GPCR Dependence on G Proteins. 8.4. Technologies for GPCR Compound Screening and Drug Discovery. 8.5. Importance of Target Cells in GPCR HTS Assays. 8.6. Summary. References. 9. Are "Traditional" Biochemical Techniques Out of Fashion in the New Era of GPCR Pharmacology? (Maria Teresa Dell’anno and Maria Rosa Mazzoni). 9.1. Overview. 9.2. Receptor Binding Assays. 9.3. Methods for Measurement of cAMP. 9.4. Conclusions. References. 10. Fluorescence and Resonance Energy Transfer Shine New Light on GPCR Function (Carsten Hoffmann and Moritz Bünemann). 10.1. Overview. 10.2. Introduction. 10.3. Labeling GPCRs with Fluorescent Tags. 10.4. Detection of Fluorescence and Bioluminescence. 10.5. Fluorescence-Based Assays to Study Receptor Localization, Trafficking and Receptor Function. 10.6. Resonance Energy Transfer, a Tool to Get New Insights into GPCR Function. 10.7. Analysis of Steady-State Protein–Protein Interaction by Means of RET. 10.8. Kinetic Analysis of Protein–Protein Interactions by Means of FRET. 10.9. Detection of Receptor Function by Fluorescence Resonance Energy. References. 11. Integration of Label-Free Detection Methods in GPCR Drug Discovery (Oliver Nayler, Magdalena Birker-Robaczewska, and John Gatfield). 11.1. Overview. 11.2. Introduction. 11.3. Label-Free Technologies—Past and Present. 11.4. Discussion. Acknowledgments. References. 12. Screening for Allosteric Modulators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (Christopher Langmead). 12.1. Introduction. 12.2. The Allosteric Ternary Complex Model, Radioligand Binding, and Affinity. 12.3. Beyond Affinity—Functional Assays, Efficacy, and Allosteric Agonism. 12.4. Allosteric Modulator Titration Curves. 12.5. The Impact of Functional Assay Format on Allosteric Modulator Screening. 12.6. Taking Advantage of Structural Understanding of Allosteric Binding Sites. 12.7. Summary and Future Directions. References. 13. Ultra-High-Throughput Screening Assays for GPCRs (Priya Kunapuli). 13.1. Introduction. 13.2. Assay Types for GPCRs in uHTS. 13.3. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 14. New Techniques to Express and Crystallize G Protein-Coupled Receptors (James C. Errey and Fiona H. Marshall). 14.1. Introduction. 14.2. Key Problems Limiting Production of 3D GPCR Structures. 14.3. History of GPCR Structures. 14.4. The Search for Other GPCR Structures. 14.5. Protein Purification and Solubilization. 14.6. In Cubo Crystallization. 14.7. Engineering Receptor Stability. 14.8. Structures of the â2AR. 14.9. The Adenosine A2a Receptor. 14.10. Conclusions and Future Developments. Acknowledgments. References. 15. Structure and Modeling of GPCRs: Implications for Drug Discovery (Kimberly A. Reynolds, Vsevolod Katritch, and Ruben Abagyan). 15.1. Introduction. 15.2. High-Resolution GPCR Modeling. 15.3. Constructing and Evaluating Homology Models of Other Receptor Types. 15.4. Modeling GPCR Functional Features—Analysis of Activation and Signaling. 15.5. Beyond Class A: Modeling of Other GPCR Families. 15.6. Summary and Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. 16. X-Ray Structure Developments for GPCR Drug Targets (Michael Sabio and Sidney W. Topiol). 16.1. Overview. 16.2. Introduction. 16.3. Class A GPCRs. 16.4. Class C GPCRs. 16.5. Conclusions. References. 17. Pharmacological Chaperones: Potential for the Treatment of Hereditary Diseases Caused by Mutations in G Protein-Coupled Receptors (Kenneth J. Valenzano, Elfrida R. Benjamin,Patricia René, and Michel Bouvier). 17.1. Overview. 17.2. Introduction. 17.3. NDI and the V2R. 17.4. RP and the Rhodopsin Receptor. 17.5. IHH and the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor. 17.6. Other Human Diseases Caused by Inactivating Mutations in GPCRs. 17.7. Considerations for the Therapeutic Use of Pharmacological Chaperones. 17.8. Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgments. References. Index.
£142.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Chemistry and the Sense of Smell
Book SynopsisThe book provides an account of the totality of fragrance chemistry in one volume. It describes the chemistry of odorous materials, how and why they are produced in nature, how they are produced and used commercially, how they are analyzed and characterized, the chemistry of how we perceive them, and their role in our everyday lives.Trade Review“I cannot recommend this fascinating book highly enough.” (Simon Cotton, Chemistry & Industry, September 2014) “In conclusion: A comprehensive introduction to the world of odours, not only for chemists.” (review in German: Monika Paduch, Gefahrstoffe - Reinhaltung Luft, October 2014)Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 Why Do We Have a Sense of Smell? 4 2 The Mechanism of Olfaction 32 3 Analysis and Characterisation of Odour 188 4 The Sense of Smell in Our Lives 209 5 The Scents of Nature 237 6 Manufacture of Fragrance Ingredients 296 7 The Design of New Fragrance Ingredients 357 8 The Relationship Between Molecular Structure and Odour 388 9 Intellectual Challenges in Fragrance Chemistry and the Future 420 Glossary 428 Index 437
£116.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Chemistry and Biology of Volatiles
Book SynopsisComing to a conclusion, this wonderful, informative and very interesting book presents an excellent overview of small volatile organic compounds and their role in our life and environment. Really fascinating is the entirety of scientific disciplines which were addressed by this book.Trade Review"Coming to a conclusion, this wonderful, informative and very interesting book presents an excellent overview of small volatile organic compounds and their role in our life and environment. Really fascinating is the entirety of scientific disciplines which were addressed by this book." (Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 2011) "In spite of its few shortcomings, this book deserves to be a well-used reference in the library of any laboratory specialising in VOC". (Chemistry World, 1 May 2011) "The Chemistry and Biology of Volatiles takes an interdisciplinary approach to volatile molecules". (Small Business VoIP, 14 December 2010)Table of ContentsForeword xiii List of Contributors xv Acknowledgements xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Volatiles – An Interdisciplinary Approach 1 Andreas Herrmann 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Geraniol – A Typical Example 2 1.3 Conclusion 8 References 8 2 Biosynthesis and Emission of Isoprene, Methylbutanol and Other Volatile Plant Isoprenoids 11 Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Plant Isoprenoids 12 2.3 Two IPP-Yielding Pathways in Plants 15 2.4 Prenyl Chain Formation and Elongation 16 2.5 Compartmentation of Plant Isoprenoid Biosynthesis 16 2.6 The Enzyme Steps of the Plastidic DOXP/MEP Pathway of IPP Formation 17 2.7 Cross-Talk Between the Two IPP Biosynthesis Pathways 19 2.8 Biosynthesis and Emission of Volatile Isoprene at High Irradiance 22 2.8.1 Regulation of Isoprene Emission 25 2.9 Inhibition of Isoprene Biosynthesis 26 2.9.1 Fosmidomycin and 5-Ketoclomazone 26 2.9.2 Diuron 27 2.10 Inhibition of Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis by Fosmidomycin and 5-Ketoclomazone 27 2.11 Biosynthesis and Emission of Methylbutenol at High Irradiance 28 2.12 Source of Pyruvate for Isoprene and Methylbutenol Biosynthesis 29 2.13 Branching Point of DOXP/MEP Pathway with Other Metabolic Chloroplast Pathways 30 2.14 Is There a Physiological Function of Isoprene and MBO Emission? 31 2.15 Biosynthesis and Emission of Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes and Diterpenes 33 2.15.1 Monoterpenes 35 2.15.2 Diterpenes 36 2.15.3 Sesquiterpenes 36 2.16 Some General Remarks on the Regulation of Terpene Biosynthesis in Plants 36 2.17 Volatile Terpenoids as Aroma Compounds of Wine 37 2.18 Function of Terpenes in Plant Defence 38 2.19 Conclusion 38 Acknowledgements 39 References 40 3 Analysis of the Plant Volatile Fraction 49 Patrizia Rubiolo, Barbara Sgorbini, Erica Liberto, Chiara Cordero and Carlo Bicchi 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Sample Preparation 50 3.2.1 ‘Liquid’ Phase Sampling 51 3.2.2 Headspace Sampling 51 3.2.3 Headspace–Solid Phase Microextraction 52 3.2.4 In-Tube Sorptive Extraction 54 3.2.5 Headspace Sorptive Extraction 55 3.2.6 Static and Trapped Headspace 56 3.2.7 Solid-Phase Aroma Concentrate Extraction 56 3.2.8 Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction 56 3.2.9 Large Surface Area High Concentration Capacity Headspace Sampling 59 3.3 Analysis 59 3.3.1 Fast-GC and Fast-GC-qMS EO Analysis 61 3.3.2 Qualitative Analysis 65 3.3.3 Quantitative Analysis 66 3.3.4 Enantioselective GC 70 3.3.5 Multidimensional GC Techniques 75 3.4 Further Developments 76 3.5 Conclusion 85 Acknowledgements 87 References 87 4 Plant Volatile Signalling: Multitrophic Interactions in the Headspace 95 Andre Kessler and Kimberly Morrell 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 The Specificity and Complexity of Herbivore-Induced VOC Production 97 4.2.1 Plant Endogenous Wound Signalling 99 4.2.2 Herbivore-Derived Elicitors of VOC Emission 102 4.3 Ecological Consequences of VOC Emission 104 4.3.1 Within-Plant Defence Signalling 104 4.3.2 Herbivore-Induced VOC Emission as Part of a Metabolic Reconfiguration of the Plant 105 4.3.3 Herbivores Use VOCs to Select Host Plants 107 4.3.4 VOCs as Indirect Defences Against Herbivores 108 4.3.5 VOCs in Plant–Plant Interactions 111 4.4 Conclusion 112 Acknowledgements 114 References 114 5 Pheromones in Chemical Communication 123 Kenji Mori 5.1 Introduction 123 5.1.1 Definition of Pheromones 123 5.1.2 Classification of Pheromones 123 5.2 History of Pheromone Research 125 5.3 Research Techniques in Pheromone Science 127 5.3.1 The Collecting of Pheromones 127 5.3.2 Bioassay-Guided Purification 128 5.3.3 Structure Determination and Synthesis 128 5.3.4 Field Bioassay 129 5.3.5 Structure Elucidation of the Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone of the Stink Bug Eysarcoris lewisi – A Case Study 129 5.4 Structural Diversity Among Pheromones 132 5.5 Complexity of Multicomponent Pheromones 137 5.6 Stereochemistry and Pheromone Activity 139 5.6.1 Only a Single Enantiomer is Bioactive and its Opposite Enantiomer Does Not Inhibit the Response to the Active Isomer 139 5.6.2 Only One Enantiomer is Bioactive, and its Opposite Enantiomer Inhibits the Response to the Pheromone 139 5.6.3 Only One Enantiomer is Bioactive, and its Diastereomer Inhibits the Response to the Pheromone 139 5.6.4 The Natural Pheromone is a Single Enantiomer, and its Opposite Enantiomer or Diastereomer is Also Active 140 5.6.5 The Natural Pheromone is a Mixture of Enantiomers or Diastereomers, and Both of the Enantiomers, or All of the Diastereomers are Separately Active 141 5.6.6 Different Enantiomers or Diastereomers are Employed by Different Species 141 5.6.7 Both Enantiomers are Necessary for Bioactivity 141 5.6.8 One Enantiomer is More Active Than the Other, but an Enantiomeric or Diastereomeric Mixture is More Active Than the Enantiomer Alone 141 5.6.9 One Enantiomer is Active on Males, While the Other is Active on Females 142 5.6.10 Only the meso-Isomer is Active 142 5.7 Pheromones With Kairomonal Activities 142 5.8 Mammalian Pheromones 143 5.9 Invention of Pheromone Mimics 145 5.10 Conclusion 147 Acknowledgements 147 References 147 6 Use of Volatiles in Pest Control 151 J. Richard M. Thacker and Margaret R. Train 6.1 Introduction 151 6.2 Repellents (DEET, Neem, Essential Oils) 151 6.3 Volatile Synthetic Chemicals and Fumigants 154 6.4 Pheromones 158 6.5 Volatile Allelochemicals 165 6.6 Plant Volatiles and Behavioural Modification of Beneficial Insects 166 6.7 Concluding Comments 167 References 168 7 Challenges in the Synthesis of Natural and Non-Natural Volatiles 173 Anthony A. Birkbeck 7.1 Introduction – The Art of Organic Synthesis 173 7.2 Overcoming Challenges in the Small-Scale Synthesis of Natural Volatile Compounds 174 7.2.1 D,L-Caryophyllene (1964) 174 7.2.2 b-Vetivone (1973) 175 7.3 Overcoming Challenges in the Large-Scale Synthesis of Nature Identical and Non-Natural Molecules 176 7.3.1 (Z)-3-Hexenol 176 7.3.2 Citral 177 7.3.3 (–)-Menthol 179 7.3.4 Habanolide 180 7.4 Remaining Challenges in the Large-Scale Synthesis of Natural and Non-Natural Volatiles 180 7.5 Design and Synthesis of Novel Odorants and Potential Industrial Routes to a Natural Product 182 7.5.1 Cassis (Blackcurrant) 182 7.5.2 Patchouli 184 7.5.3 Musk 187 7.5.4 Sandalwood 189 7.6 Other Challenges 193 7.7 Conclusion 193 Acknowledgements 194 Dedication 195 References 195 8 The Biosynthesis of Volatile Sulfur Flavour Compounds 203 Meriel G. Jones 8.1 Introduction: Flavours as Secondary Metabolites 203 8.2 Sulfur in Plant Biology 204 8.3 Sulfur Compounds as Flavour Volatiles 205 8.4 The Alk(en)yl Cysteine Sulfoxide Flavour Precursors 206 8.5 Biosynthesis of the Flavour Precursors of Allium 207 8.5.1 The Biosynthesis of Allium Flavour Precursors via g-Glutamyl Peptides 208 8.5.2 The Biosynthesis of Allium Flavour Precursors via Cysteine Synthases 209 8.6 Formation of Volatiles from CSOs 210 8.6.1 S-Methyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide 210 8.6.2 Release of the Allium CSOs 211 8.7 The Allium Flavour Volatiles 212 8.8 The Enzyme Alliinase 213 8.9 The Enzyme Lachrymatory Factor Synthase 214 8.10 The Biological Roles of the Flavour Precursors 215 8.11 The Glucosinolate Flavour Precursors 216 8.12 GS and Their Biosynthetic Pathways 216 8.13 Release of Volatile GS Hydrolysis Products 218 8.14 The Biological Role of Glucosinolates 220 8.15 Application of Transgenic Technology to Applied Aspects of GS Biosynthesis 222 8.16 Volatile Sulfur Compounds from Other Plants 222 8.16.1 Complex Organic Sulfur Volatiles 222 8.16.2 Simple Sulfur Volatiles 223 8.16.3 Hydrogen Sulfide 223 8.16.4 Methanethiol 224 8.17 Conclusion 224 References 224 9 Thermal Generation of Aroma-Active Volatiles in Food 231 Christoph Cerny 9.1 Introduction 231 9.2 The Maillard Reaction 233 9.2.1 The Amadori Rearrangement 234 9.2.2 Deoxyosones 235 9.2.3 Retro-Aldolization 235 9.3 Formation of Aroma Compounds in the Later Stages of the Maillard Reaction 237 9.3.1 2-Furfurylthiol 237 9.3.2 4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone 239 9.3.3 Alkyl and Alkenylpyrazines 239 9.3.4 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline 241 9.4 The Strecker Degradation 241 9.5 Caramelization 244 9.6 Thiamin Degradation 246 9.7 Ferulic Acid Degradation 246 9.8 Fat Oxidation 247 9.9 Conclusion 250 References 250 10 Human Olfactory Perception 253 Alan Gelperin 10.1 Introduction 253 10.2 Historical Perspective on Olfactory Perception 254 10.3 Human Olfactory Pathway 255 10.4 Functional Studies in Human Subjects 256 10.5 Functional Studies in Brain-Damaged Subjects 259 10.6 Single Odorants, Binary Mixtures and Complex Odour Objects 259 10.7 Olfactory Versus Trigeminal Odorant Identification 262 10.8 Orthonasal Versus Retronasal Odour Perception 263 10.9 Specific Anosmias 264 10.10 MHC-Correlated Odour Preferences in Human Subjects 265 10.11 Odour Deprivation and Odour Perception 266 10.12 Age-Related Decline in Olfactory Perception 267 10.13 New Neurons in Adult Brains 268 10.14 Epidemiological Studies of Human Olfaction 268 10.15 Active Sampling and Olfactory Perception 269 10.16 Human Olfactory Imagery 270 10.17 Top-Down Influences on Olfactory Perception 271 10.18 Reproductive State and Olfactory Sensitivity 272 10.19 Olfaction, Hunger and Satiety 273 10.20 Odour Perception Bias by Odour Names 274 10.21 Olfaction and Disease States 275 10.22 Prenatal and Postnatal Influences on Infant Odour/Flavour Preferences 276 10.23 Future Directions 277 Acknowledgements 277 References 278 11 Perfumery – The Wizardry of Volatile Molecules 291 Christophe Laudamiel 11.1 The Big Picture 291 11.2 Wizardry No. 1: Full Holograms Create Real Emotions 292 11.3 Volatiles Need a Language Wizard 296 11.4 Wizardry No. 2: The Perfumer in the Jungle of Volatiles to Create Emotions 298 11.5 Wizardry No. 3: End Results Are Music to the Nose 303 References 304 12 Microencapsulation Techniques for Food Flavour 307 Youngjae Byun, Young Teck Kim, Kashappa Goud H. Desai and Hyun Jin Park 12.1 Demands 307 12.2 Microencapsulation in the Food Industry 307 12.3 Techniques and Materials for Flavour Microencapsulation 308 12.3.1 Spray Drying 308 12.3.2 Extrusion 312 12.3.3 Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes 314 12.3.4 Helical Inclusion Complexes 316 12.3.5 Fluidized Bed Coating 318 12.3.6 Top Spray Fluidized Bed Coating 318 12.3.7 Bottom Spray System 318 12.3.8 Wurster System 320 12.3.9 Tangential Spray or Rotary Fluidized Bed Coating 320 12.3.10 Coacervation 320 12.3.11 Double or Multiple Emulsion with Freeze Drying 321 12.3.12 Co-Crystallization 322 12.3.13 Spray Chilling and Spray Cooling 322 12.3.14 Supercritical Fluids 323 12.3.15 Other Techniques 323 12.4 Conclusion and Future Trends 325 References 326 13 Profragrances and Properfumes 333 Andreas Herrmann 13.1 Introduction 333 13.2 Release of Alcohols 335 13.2.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 335 13.2.2 Neighbouring-Group-Assisted, Non-Enzymatic Hydrolysis 340 13.3 Release of Carbonyl Derivatives 346 13.3.1 Oxidations 346 13.3.2 Reversible Systems 350 13.3.3 Retro 1,4-Additions 354 13.4 Profragrance and Properfume Strategies 356 13.4.1 Performance and Cost Efficiency 356 13.4.2 Stability 357 13.5 Conclusion 357 Acknowledgements 358 References 358 14 Reactions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 363 Russell K. Monson 14.1 Introduction 363 14.2 The Relative Importance of Anthropogenic Versus Biogenic VOC Emissions to Atmospheric Chemistry 364 14.3 Overview of BVOC Oxidation 365 14.4 The Types of Emitted BVOCs and General Roles in Atmospheric Chemistry 370 14.5 Gas Phase Oxidation of BVOCs 372 14.6 Gas Phase Chemistry of BVOCs in Urban and Suburban Airsheds 374 14.7 Gas Phase Chemistry Within and Above Forests 375 14.8 BVOC Emissions and SOA Formation 377 14.9 Conclusion 381 References 381 Index 389
£107.06
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Biopharmaceuticals
Book SynopsisThe latest edition of this highly acclaimed textbook, provides a comprehensive and up--to--date overview of the science and medical applications of biopharmaceutical products.Trade Review"…contains just about everything that anyone would want to know about the subject…It's all here in this easy-to-read textbook.” (Biochemistry and Molecular Education, March/April 2004) "...well written… (and) copiously illustrated..." (Chemistry & Industry, 17th January 2005) “This book should be recommended reading for all under-graduate course in pharmacy and the pharmaceutical sciences …”. (Cell Biochemistry & Function, March-April 2005)Table of ContentsPreface xvii Chapter 1 Pharmaceuticals, biologics and biopharmaceuticals 1 Introduction to pharmaceutical products 1 Biopharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical biotechnology 1 History of the pharmaceutical industry 3 The age of biopharmaceuticals 5 Biopharmaceuticals: current status and future prospects 8 Traditional pharmaceuticals of biological origin 12 Pharmaceuticals of animal origin 13 The sex hormones 14 The androgens 14 Oestrogens 15 Progesterone and progestogens 17 Corticosteroids 19 Catecholamines 21 Prostaglandins 23 Pharmaceutical substances of plant origin 27 Alkaloids 28 Atropine and scopalamine 28 Morphine and cocaine 29 Additional plant alkaloids 30 Ergot alkaloids 30 Flavonoids, xanthines and terpenoids 30 Cardiac glycosides and coumarins 33 Aspirin 33 Pharmaceutical substances of microbial origin 33 The macrolides and ansamycins 38 Peptide and other antibiotics 39 Conclusion 39 Further reading 40 Chapter 2 The drug development process 43 Drug discovery 44 The impact of genomics and related technologies upon drug discovery 45 Gene chips 47 Proteomics 49 Structural genomics 50 Pharmacogenetics 51 Plants as a source of drugs 52 Microbial drugs 53 Rational drug design 54 Combinatorial approaches to drug discovery 56 Initial product characterization 57 Patenting 57 What is a patent and what is patentable? 57 Patent types 62 The patent application 63 Patenting in biotechnology 64 Delivery of biopharmaceuticals 66 Oral delivery systems 66 Pulmonary delivery 67 Nasal, transmucosal and transdermal delivery systems 68 Pre-clinical trials 69 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 69 Toxicity studies 71 Reproductive toxicity and teratogenicity 71 Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and other tests 72 Clinical trials 73 Clinical trial design 75 Trial size and study population 75 Randomized control studies 76 Additional trial designs 76 The role and remit of regulatory authorities 78 The Food and Drug Administration 78 The investigational new drug application 80 The new drug application 82 European regulations 84 National regulatory authorities 84 The EMEA and the new EU drug approval systems 85 The centralized procedure 86 Mutual recognition 88 Drug registration in Japan 88 World harmonization of drug approvals 89 Conclusion 89 Further reading 89 Chapter 3 The drug manufacturing process 93 International pharmacopoeia 93 Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia 94 Guides to good manufacturing practice 94 The manufacturing facility 97 Clean rooms 98 Cleaning, decontamination and sanitation (CDS) 101 CDS of the general manufacturing area 102 CDS of process equipment 102 Water for biopharmaceutical processing 104 Generation of purified water and water for injections (WFI) 105 Distribution system for WFI 107 Documentation 109 Specifications 110 Manufacturing formulae, processing and packaging instructions 110 Records 111 Generation of manufacturing records 111 Sources of biopharmaceuticals 112 E. coli as a source of recombinant, therapeutic proteins 112 Expression of recombinant proteins in animal cell culture systems 116 Additional production systems: yeasts 116 Fungal production systems 117 Transgenic animals 118 Transgenic plants 122 Insect cell-based systems 123 Production of final product 124 Cell banking systems 127 Upstream processing 128 Microbial cell fermentation 129 Mammalian cell culture systems 133 Downstream processing 134 Final product formulation 140 Some influences that can alter the biological activity of proteins 142 Proteolytic degradation 143 Protein deamidation 144 Oxidation and disulphide exchange 145 Alteration of glycoprotein glycosylation patterns 147 Stabilizing excipients used in final product formulations 150 Final product fill 153 Freeze-drying 155 Labelling and packing 158 Analysis of the final product 159 Protein-based contaminants 159 Removal of altered forms of the protein of interest from the product stream 160 Product potency 161 Determination of protein concentration 163 Detection of protein-based product impurities 164 Capillary electrophoresis 166 High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) 167 Mass spectrometry 168 Immunological approaches to detection of contaminants 168 Amino acid analysis 169 Peptide mapping 170 N-terminal sequencing 171 Analysis of secondary and tertiary structure 173 Endotoxin and other pyrogenic contaminants 173 Endotoxin, the molecule 174 Pyrogen detection 176 Dna 179 Microbial and viral contaminants 180 Viral assays 181 Miscellaneous contaminants 182 Validation studies 183 Further reading 185 Chapter 4 The cytokines —the interferon family 189 Cytokines 189 Cytokine receptors 194 Cytokines as biopharmaceuticals 195 The interferons 196 The biochemistry of interferon-a 197 Interferon-b 198 Interferon-g 198 Interferon signal transduction 198 The interferon receptors 199 The JAK–STAT pathway 199 The interferon JAK–STAT pathway 202 The biological effects of interferons 203 The eIF-2a protein kinase system 207 Interferon biotechnology 207 Production and medical uses of IFN-a 210 Medical uses of IFN-b 213 Medical applications of IFN-g 214 Interferon toxicity 216 Additional interferons 218 Conclusion 219 Further reading 219 Chapter 5 Cytokines: interleukins and tumour necrosis factor 223 Interleukin-2 (IL-2) 225 IL-2 production 228 IL-2 and cancer treatment 228 IL-2 and infectious diseases 230 Safety issues 231 Inhibition of IL-2 activity 231 Interleukin-1 (IL-1) 232 The biological activities of IL- 1 233 IL-1 biotechnology 234 Interleukin-3: biochemistry and biotechnology 235 Interleukin- 4 236 Interleukin- 6 238 Interleukin- 11 240 Interleukin- 5 241 Interleukin- 12 244 Tumour necrosis factors (TNFs) 246 TNF biochemistry 246 Biological activities of TNF-a 247 Immunity and inflammation 248 TNF receptors 249 TNF: therapeutic aspects 250 Further reading 252 Chapter 6 Haemopoietic growth factors 255 The interleukins as haemopoietic growth factors 257 Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 258 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) 259 Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 259 Clinical application of CSFs 261 Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) 263 Erythropoietin (EPO) 264 The EPO receptor and signal transduction 267 Regulation of EPO production 267 Therapeutic applications of EPO 268 Chronic disease and cancer chemotherapy 271 Additional non-renal applications 272 Tolerability 273 Thrombopoietin 273 Further reading 275 Chapter 7 Growth factors 277 Growth factors and wound healing 277 Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) 279 IGF biochemistry 280 IGF receptors 280 IGF-binding proteins 282 Biological effects 282 IGF and fetal development 283 IGFs and growth 283 Renal and reproductive effects 284 Neuronal and other effects 285 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) 285 The EGF receptor 286 Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 287 The PDGF receptor and signal transduction 288 PDGF and wound healing 289 Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 289 Transforming growth factors (TGFs) 290 TGF-a 290 TGF-b 292 Neurotrophic factors 293 The neurotrophins 294 Neurotrophin receptors 296 The neurotrophin low-affinity receptor 297 Ciliary neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor 297 Neurotrophic factors and neurodegenerative disease 298 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and peripheral neuropathy 298 Neurotrophic factors and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain 298 Further reading 300 Chapter 8 Hormones of therapeutic interest 303 Insulin 303 Diabetes mellitus 304 The insulin molecule 304 The insulin receptor and signal transduction 307 Insulin production 307 Enzymatic conversion of porcine insulin 311 Production of human insulin by recombinant DNA technology 312 Formulation of insulin products 314 Engineered insulins 317 Additional means of insulin administration 320 Treating diabetics with insulin-producing cells 321 Glucagon 321 Human growth hormone (hGH) 324 Growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) and inhibitory factor (GHRIF) 325 The GH receptor 325 Biological effects of GH 327 Therapeutic uses of GH 328 Recombinant hGH (rhGH) and pituitary dwarfism 328 Idiopathic short stature and Turner’s syndrome 330 Metabolic effects of hGH 330 GH, lactation and ovulation 331 The gonadotrophins 331 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 331 Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 335 The inhibins and activins 337 LHRH and regulation of gonadotrophin production 338 Medical and veterinary applications of gonadotrophins 339 Sources and medical uses of FSH, LHand hCG 340 Recombinant gonadotrophins 342 Veterinary uses of gonadotrophins 344 Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 345 Additional recombinant hormones now approved 345 Conclusions 348 Further reading 348 Chapter 9 Blood products and therapeutic enzymes 351 Disease transmission 351 Whole blood 353 Platelets and red blood cells 353 Blood substitutes 353 Dextrans 354 Albumin 355 Gelatin 357 Oxygen-carrying blood substitutes 357 Haemostasis 358 The coagulation pathway 358 Terminal steps of coagulation pathway 361 Clotting disorders 365 Factor VIII and haemophilia 366 Production of Factor VIII 368 Factors IX, VII a and XIII 371 Anticoagulants 372 Heparin 372 Vitamin Kantimetabolites 375 Hirudin 375 Antithrombin 379 Thrombolytic agents 380 Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) 381 First-generation tPA 383 Engineered tPA 383 Streptokinase 385 Urokinase 386 Staphylokinase 386 a1 -Antitrypsin 388 Enzymes of therapeutic value 389 Asparaginase 390 DNase 392 Glucocerebrosidase 393 a-Galactosidase and urate oxidase 395 Superoxide dismutase 397 Debriding agents 397 Digestive aids 398 Lactase 400 Further reading 400 Chapter 10 Antibodies, vaccines and adjuvants 403 Polyclonal antibody preparations 403 Anti-D immunoglobulin 406 Normal immunoglobulins 407 Hepatitis Band tetanus immunoglobulin 407 Snake and spider antivenins 408 Monoclonal antibodies 409 Production of monoclonals via hybridoma technology 411 Antibody screening: phage display technology 412 Therapeutic application of monoclonal antibodies 414 Tumour immunology 415 Antibody-based strategies for tumour detection/destruction 417 Drug-based tumour immunotherapy 424 First-generation anti-tumour antibodies: clinical disappointment 426 Tumour-associated antigens 426 Antigenicity of murine monoclonals 428 Chimaeric and humanized antibodies 429 Antibody fragments 432 Additional therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies 433 Cardiovascular and related disease 433 Infectious diseases 433 Autoimmune disease 434 Transplantation 434 Vaccine technology 435 Traditional vaccine preparations 436 Attenuated, dead or inactivated bacteria 438 Attenuated and inactivated viral vaccines 439 Toxoids, antigen-based and other vaccine preparations 440 The impact of genetic engineering on vaccine technology 441 Peptide vaccines 444 Vaccine vectors 445 Development of an AIDS vaccine 447 Difficulties associated with vaccine development 450 AIDS vaccines in clinical trials 450 Cancer vaccines 452 Recombinant veterinary vaccines 452 Adjuvant technology 453 Adjuvant mode of action 455 Mineral-based adjuvants 455 Oil-based emulsion adjuvants 455 Bacteria/bacterial products as adjuvants 457 Additional adjuvants 458 Further reading 460 Chapter 11 Nucleic acid therapeutics 463 Gene therapy 463 Basic approach to gene therapy 464 Some additional questions 467 Vectors used in gene therapy 468 Retroviral vectors 468 Additional viral-based vectors 472 Manufacture of viral vectors 474 Non-viral vectors 476 Manufacture of plasmid DNA 480 Gene therapy and genetic disease 482 Gene therapy and cancer 485 Gene therapy and AIDS 486 Gene-based vaccines 488 Gene therapy: some additional considerations 488 Anti-sense technology 488 Anti-sense oligonucleotides 490 Uses, advantages and disadvantages of ‘oligos’ 491 Delivery and cellular uptake of oligonucleotides 493 Manufacture of oligonucleotides 493 Vitravene, an approved antisense agent 494 Antigene sequences and ribozymes 494 Conclusion 495 Further reading 496 Appendix 1 Biopharmaceuticals thus far approved in the USA or European Union 499 Appendix 2 Some Internet addresses relevant to the biopharmaceutical sector 509 Appendix 3 Two selected monographs reproduced from the European Pharmacopoeia with permission from the European Commission: I. Products of recombinant DNA technology 515 II. Interferon a-2 concentrated solution 520 Appendix 4 Manufacture of biological medicinal products for human use. (Annex 2 from The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community, Vol. 4, Good Manufacturing Practice for Medicinal Products) 527 Index 533
£81.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Methods in Molecular Biology Protein Chemistry
Book SynopsisThe advances made in molecular biology have allowed scientists to manipulate DNA. This means that molecular biology has become a tool for answering scientific questions that may be quite unrelated to genetics and cell biology. The techniques have become a means to an end, rather than an end in themselves. This work deals with this area.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction and Background Part 1 Molecular Biology Experiment 1 Instructions for Pipetman Use Experiment 2 Preparation of Plasmid Template DNA Experiment 3 Estimation of Plasmid DNA Concentration PCR Amplification of LTB Gene from Plasmid DNA Experiment 4 Agarose Gel Eletrophoresis Recovery of PCR Product Experiment 5 Restriction Digest of LTB Insert Plate Preparation Experiment 6 Purification of Digested Insert and Vector by Agarose Gel Eletrophoresis Recovery of Digested Insert and Vector Experiment 7 Determination of DNA Concentrations Ligation of Insert into Vector Experiment 8 Transformation of Host Cells by Construct Experiment 9 Colony-pick PCR to Check for Presence of Insert Streak Plates with Potential Constructs Inoculate Cultures/Run PCR Experiment 10 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Verify Presence of Insert Purification of the Plasmid Construct using a Plasmid Miniprep Kit Experiment 11 DNA Concentration Determination Ethanol Precipitation of Plasmid DNA Sequencing Reaction Experiment 12 Purification of Extension Reaction Products Sequencing Gel Demonstration Experiment 13 Analysis of Sequencing Data Verification of Insert Sequence Experiment 14 Gene Expression Transformation into Expression Host Experiment 15 Induction of LTB Gene Expression Part 2 Protein Chemistry Experiment 16 SDS-PAGE of Induction Time Course Transfer of Protein to Membrane for Western Blot Experiment 17 Visualization of Western Blot Experiment 18 Large Scale Culture Preparation Experiment 19 Isolation of LTB by Affinity Chromatography Experiment 20 SDS-PAGE of Column Fractions Immunoblot to verify Presence of LTB Experiment 21 Protein Concentration Protein Crystallization Experiment 22 Setting up an ELISA Microtiter Plate Experiment 23 ELISA of a Panel of Ganglioside Ligands Experiment 24 Protein Structure Determination: X-ray Diffraction Techniques Experiment 25 Characterization of a Protein Crystal Experiment 26 Primer Design
£111.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Metabolomics by In Vivo NMR
Book SynopsisThis book is unique in linking in vivo 13C NMR measurements of neuronal activity and energetics with applications to functional imaging and certain disease states. * Provides a fundamental neurochemical explanation of brain activity applicable to functional imaging, theories of neuronal activity and disease states, e.g.Table of ContentsContributors xi Foreword xiii Sir George K. Radda, Medical Research Council, UK Section A: Background 1 Introduction 1 Robert G. Shulman 2 In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy – Techniques; Direct Detection; MRS; Kinetics and Labels; Fluxes; Concentrations 7 Robin de Graaf 3 Metabolic Control Analysis for the NMR Spectroscopist 31 David A. Fell Section B: 13C and 31P NMR Studies of the Regulation of Glucose Metabolism 4 MRS Studies of the Role of the Muscle Glycogen Synthesis Pathway in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes 45 Gerald I. Shulman and Douglas L. Rothman 5 Phosphorylation of Allosteric Enzymes can serve Homeostasis rather than Control Flux: the Example of Glycogen Synthase 59 James R.A. Schafer, David A. Fell, Douglas Rothman and Robert G. Shulman 6 Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism in Muscle during Exercise 73 Thomas B. Price 7 13C NMR Studies of Heart Glycogen Metabolism 87 Maren R. Laughlin, Douglas L. Rothman and Robert G. Shulman 8 Bioenergetics Implication of Metabolic Fluctuation during Muscle Contraction 103 Thomas Jue 9 Lactate, Glycogen and Fatigue 125 Robert G. Shulman and Douglas L. Rothman 10 Futile Cycling in Yeast: How to Control Gluttony in the Midst of Plenty 137 Jan den Hollander and Robert G. Shulman 11 Trehalose Energetics in Yeast Spores 149 Robert G. Shulman and Jan den Hollander 12 Metabolic Networks in the Liver by 2H and 13C NMR 159 A. Dean Sherry and Craig R. Malloy 13 Summarized Reflections on Metabolism 175 Robert G. Shulman and James R. A. Schafer Index 185
£147.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Immunoinformatics
Book SynopsisThe astounding diversity of the immune system and the complexity of its regulatory pathways makes immunology a combinatorial science. Computational analysis has therefore become an essential element of immunology research and this has led to the creation of the emerging field of immunoinformatics. This book is the first to feature thorough coverage of this new field. Immunoinformatics facilitates the understanding of immune function by modelling the interactions among immunological components. Biological research provides ever deeper insights into the complexity of living organisms while computer science provides an effective means to store and analyse large volumes of complex data. Combining the two fields increases the efficiency of biological research and offers the potential for major advances in the study of biological systems. This book encompasses key developments in immunoinformatics, including immunological databases, sequence analysis, structure modelling, mathematiTable of ContentsChair's Introduction (H. Rammensee). Immunoinformatics - the new kid in town (V. Brusic & N. Petrovsky). The fututre of computational modelling and prediction systems in clinical immunology (N. Petrovsky, et al.). Immunoinformatics in personalized medicine (K. Gulukota). From immunome to vaccine: epitope mapping and vaccine design tools (A. De Groot & W. Martin). Insights from MHC-bound peptides (H. Margalit & Y. Altuvia). General discussion I. Computation vaccinology: quanitative approaches (D. Flower, et al). IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information System®, http://imgt.cines.fr (M. Lefranc). Generating data for databases—the peptide repertoire of HLA molecules (S. Stevanovic, et al.). HLA nomenclature and the IMGT/HLA Sequence Database (S. Marsh). From immunogenetics to immunomics: functional prospecting of genes and transcripts (C. Schönbach). Mathematical models of HIV and the immune system (D. Wodarz). General discussion II. Immunogenomics: towards a digital immune system (S. Beck). Viral bioinformatics: computational views of host and pathogen (P. Kellam, et al.). Final general discussion Closing remarks (H. Rammensee). Index of Contributors. Subject Index.
£142.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules
Book SynopsisThis edited volume spans the latest developments and applications in a new and exciting field of spectroscopy - Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.Table of ContentsTheoretical Analyses of the Amide I Infrared Bands of GlobularProteins (H. Torii & M. Tasumi). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Enzyme Systems (J.Alben). Light-Induced Fourier Transform Infrared Difference Spectroscopy ofthe Primary Electron Donor in Photosynthetic Reaction Centers (E.Nabedryk). Equipment: Slow and Fast Infrared Kinetic Studies (F.Siebert). Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules (B. Cohen & R.Hochstrasser). Infrared Spectroscopy of Nucleic Acids (J. Liquier & E.Taillandier). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of HydratedLipids and Lipid Bilayer Membranes (R. Lewis & R.McElhaney). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Cell SurfacePolysaccharides (K. Brandenburg & U. Seydel). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomembrane Systems (P.Haris & D. Chapman). What Can Infrared Spectroscopy Tell Us About the Structure andComposition of Intact Bacterial Cells? (D. Naumann, et al.). Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy (M. Jackson & H.Mantsch). New Trends in Isotope-Edited Infrared Spectroscopy (H. Fabian, etal.). Index.
£223.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Quantitative Characterization of Ligand Binding
Book SynopsisThe book fills the void between rigorous theoretical discussions of ligand binding for physical chemists (often beyond the needs of bench experimentalists in the life sciences) and compilations of experimental recipes that offer scant regard for the appropriateness of the protocol for the particular ligand interaction under investigation.Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Analysis of Simple Binding Responses. Experimental Methods Based on Phase Separation. Spectral Studies of Ligand Binding. Other Direct Procedures for Characterizing Ligand Binding. Binding Constants from Competitive Binding Assays. Sigmoidal Binding Curves: Analysis and Interpretation. Complicating Factors in the Analysis of Binding Curves. Studies of DNA-Ligand Interactions. Concluding Remarks. Glossary of Symbols. References. Index.
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc HPLC in Enzymatic Analysis
Book SynopsisHigh performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a widely-used laboratory technique. In the second edition of this book, the author describes refinements of HPLC methods and explains and illustrates a range of laboratory applications.Trade Review"This book discusses how to design a successful HPLC-based assay, and surveys many recent HPLC-based assays that have appeared in the primary literature." --The Quarterly Review of Biology, June 1999Table of ContentsApplication of HPLC to the Assay of Enzymatic Activities. Concepts and Principles of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Concepts and Principles of High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis. Strategy for Design of an HPLC System for Assay of Enzyme Activity. Strategy for the Preparation of Enzymatic Activities from Tissues, Body Fluids, and Single Cells. Microdialysis: An In Vivo Method for the Analysis of Body Fluids. Fundamentals of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Separation of the Reaction Products. Applications of HPLC/HPCE in Forensics. Survey of Enzymatic Activities Assayed by the HPLC Method. Multienzyme Systems. Index.
£290.65
John Wiley & Sons Inc Formula Handbook for Environmental Engineers and
Book SynopsisBecause your success begins with the right formula. Finding the right formula is an essential part of environmental engineering and research. However, consulting the literature of the many disciplines that affect your work can be a time-consuming, inefficient, and often difficult process.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modern Analytical Methodologies in Fat and
Book SynopsisThis volume provides modern and practical analytical methodologies for the assays in foods, pharmaceuticals and clinical samples. Each chapter is written by experts in the particular area and includes original methods and the normal values which would be expected.Trade Review"Overview of the extraction, sample preparation and chromatographic separation techniques given for each vitamin or vitamin group..." (CAB Abstracts December 2000) "...it is recommended as a collective reference text..." (The Analyst, 13th December 2000) "...an invaluable tool not only for experienced analysts but also for beginners in this field." (Annali di Chimica, Vol 154, 2000) "The book is a very good work valuable on the one hand for analysts and on the other for scientists working in the field of nutrition" (Nahrung/Food, Vol.45, No.14, 2001)Table of ContentsFAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS. Vitamin A (T. Arnhold, et al.). Vitamin D (M. Holick). Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Foods and Tissues (V. Piironen). Vitamin K (S. Booth, et al.). Simultaneous Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Food, Feed, and Serum (R. Eitenmiller & W. Landen). WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS. Thiamin (R. Eitenmiller & W. Landen). Riboflavin (R. Eitenmiller & W. Landen). Vitamin B_6 (S. Coburn). Vitamin B_12 (E. Quadros). Niacin (S. Tanaka). Pantothenate (W. Song, et al.). Biotin (J. Zempleni & D. Mock). Vitamin C (S. Rumsey & M. Levine). Index.
£193.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Book SynopsisProvides a lot of reading pleasure and many new insights. -Journal of Molecular Structure This is the most entertaining, stimulating and useful book which can be thoroughly recommended to anyone with an interest in computer simulation. -Contemporary Physics A very useful introduction . . . more interesting to read than the often dry equation-based texts. -Journal of the American Chemical Society Written especially for the novice, Molecular Dynamics Simulation demonstrates how molecular dynamics simulations work and how to perform them, focusing on how to devise a model for specific molecules and then how to simulate their movements using a computer. This book provides a collection of methods that until now have been scattered through the literature of the last 25 years. It reviews elements of sampling theory and discusses how modern notions of chaos and nonlinear dynamics explain the workings of molecular dynamics. Stresses easy-to-use moleculesTable of ContentsFundamentals. Hard Spheres. Finite-Difference Methods. Soft Spheres. Static Properties. Dynamic Properties. Appendices. Notation. Bibliography. Index.
£140.35
