Neurosciences Books

Book SynopsisPreface.- Chapter 1: Oligodendroglial lineage, myelin and white matter: defining the connectome of the human brain.- Part I: Physiology of oligodendroglia.- Chapter 2: Evolution of myelin and oligodendroglia.- Chapter 3: Development of oligodendroglia and myelin.- Chapter 4: Seeing is believing: insights into myelination and remyelination in zebrafish.- Chapter 5: Morphology of oligodendroglial cells and myelin.- Chapter 6: Physiology of oligodendroglial cells.- Chapter 7: Biochemistry and structure of myelin.- Chapter 8: Plasticity of myelination.- Part II: Pathophysiology of oligodendroglia.- Chapter 9: Demyelination and remyelination: General principles.- Chapter 10: Leukomalacia.- Chapter 11: White matter injury in the brain and spinal cord.- Chapter 12: Multiple sclerosis.- Chapter 13: Ageing and neurodegeneration of oligodendroglia.- Chapter 14: Protein pathologies in oligodendroglia in neurodegenerative diseases.- Chapter 15: Mental disorders.- Chapter 16: Neuromyelitis Optica.- Epilogue.

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Book Synopsis1. Sex and Gender: Toward Transforming Scientific Practice. L. Zachary DuBois, Stacey A. Ritz, Margaret M. McCarthy, and Anelis Kaiser Trujillo.- 2. Entanglement of Gender/Sex Dynamics in Basic and Developmental Systems Biology. Colin J. Saldanha, Gillian R. Bentley, Charlotte A. Cornil, Geert J. de Vries, Holly Dunsworth, Margaret M. McCarthy, Rebecca M. Shansky, Lynnette Leidy Sievert, and Catherine S. Woolley.- 3. How Do Sex Differences in the Brain Help Our Understanding of Sex and Gender in Humans? Geert J. de Vries.- 4. How Can Gender/Sex Entanglement Inform Our Understanding of Human Evolutionary Biology? Holly Dunsworth and Libby Ware.- 5. Operationalization, Measurement, and Interpretation of Sex/Gender: Transcending Binaries and Accounting for Context and Entanglement. Stacey A. Ritz, Greta Bauer, Dorte M. Christiansen, Annie Duchesne, Anelis Kaiser Trujillo, and Donna L. Maney.- 6. Gender and Sex Entanglement in Neuroscience: A Neurofeminist Perspective. Annie Duchesne.- 7. Intersectionality, Sex/Gender Entanglement, and Research Design. Greta Bauer.- 8. Gender/Sex Dynamics in Human Biomedical and Clinical Research. Robert-Paul Juster, Lisa Bowleg, Lu Ciccia, Joshua B. Rubin, Carla Sanchis-Segura, Susann Schweiger, Eric Vilain, and Tonia Poteat.- 9. The Impossible Task of Disentangling Gender/Sex from Racialized and Other Marginalized and Oppressed Intersections: A Structural Intersectionality Approach to Health Inequities. Lisa Bowleg, Arianne N. Malekzadeh, and Katarina E. AuBuchon.- 10. Sex and Gender Should Be Considered Continuous Variables in Cancer Research. Wei Yang, Jason Wong, and Joshua B. Rubin.- 11. Gender, Sex, and Gender/Sex Entanglement in Transgender Health Equity Research. Tonia Poteat and Lu Ciccia.- 12. Gender, Sex, and Their Entanglement: From Scientific Research to Policy and Practice. Alexandra Brewis, Paisley Currah, L. Zachary DuBois, Lorraine Greaves, Katharina Hoppe, Katrina Karkazis, Madeleine Pape, Paula-Irene Villa, Amber Wutich.- 13. SABV Research Policies: From Distinctions to Entanglements. Madeleine Pape.- 14. How Could a Gender Transformative Lens Foster the Integration of Sex/Gender into More Equitable Policy and Practice? Lorraine Greaves.- 15. Sex as a State Effect. Paisley Currah.

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Bodily Self, Emotion, and Subjective Time.- The life and legacy of Arthur Bud Craig: A pioneer in interoception.- Functional anatomy of interoception.- Emotions and physiological feelings.- Insula and body image.- The intersection of interoception and anticipation related to pain.- Interceptive awareness and its importance in chronic pain and psychopathology.- Interoception, emotion & addiction.- Functional connectivity of interoceptive pathways.- The Self Development, adolescents & interoception.- The sense of self, emotions and time in ordinary and altered states of consciousness.- A series of studies on the relationship between the insula and time perception.- The role of the insula in time perception and when losing the sense of time in epileptic auras.- Time and the body from a philosophical perspective: Embodied and enactive time.- Interoception: synthesizing insights and charting new frontiers.

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Book SynopsisAstrocytes: multiscale molecular targets for glial engineering and interfaces.- Aquaporin-4 in Astrocytes and Glial Cells: Structural Insights and Functional Implications.- Studying the Role of Astrocytes in Ischemic Acute Brain Slices.- Astrocytes and Potassium Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System in Physiology and Epilepsy.- Genetic-designed tools to unveil the role of astrocytes in neuronal circuits and animal behavior.- Novel treatment options through light-based neurostimulation.- 3D cell-culture systems to study astrocytic phenotypes: current strategies and future perspectives.- Electro Fluid Dynamic Technologies to Engineer 3D Matrices for Glial Cells in Brain.- The Effects of Matrix Mechanical Properties on Glia Behavior.- Graphene-based materials: preparation and use in neuroscience.- Glial Electrophysiology: Technologies for Extracellular Detection.- Flexible and nanostructured electronics to dialogue with glia.

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Book SynopsisComputational studies.- Transporter structure.- Biophysical characterization.- Oligomerization.- Electrophysiology.- Stoichiometry.- Voltammetry.- Methamphetamine and DAT.- Transporter function regulation.- Transporter phosphorylation.- Transporter trafficking regulation.- Amphetamine mediated regulation.- Atypical inhibitors.- ADHD and psychostimulants.- Neuropathic pain depression and SNRI.- Allosteric modulators.- Celegans.- KI mice.

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Book SynopsisPart 1 Basic Mechanisms.- Disentangling the Neural Circuits of Arousal and Anxiety Like Behavior.- The Emerging Role of Brain Mitochondria in Fear and Anxiety.- Behavioral and Brain Mechanisms of Active Avoidance and their Relevance to Anxiety Disorders.- Current State of the Neuroscience of Fear Extinction and Its Relevance to Anxiety Disorders.- The Organization of Anxiety Symptoms Along the Threat Imminence Continuum.- Structural Brain Correlates of Anxiety During Development.- Computational Mechanisms of Information Seeking in Anxiety.- Emotion Regulation Under Stress A Social Processing and Memory Perspective.- Part 2 Risk Factors and Moderating Factors.- Developmental shifts in amygdala function.- Intergenerational Effects of Stress A Focus on Learning and Memory.- Insights into the Neurobiology of Behavioral Inhibition from Nonhuman Primate Models.- The impact of early life experiences on stress neurobiology and the development of anxiety.- Genetic Vulnerability to Social Anxiety Disorder.- Neurodevelopmental Pathways from Temperamental Fear to Anxiety.- Sex differences in neural circuits underlying fear processing.- Sex differences in the neurobiology of fear and anxiety.- Part 3 Treatment.- Neuromodulation of Fear and Anxiety Circuits.- Using inhibitory learning theories to optimize exposure treatment for children with anxiety disorders.- Neural Markers of Treatment Response in Pediatric Anxiety and PTSD.- Fears Worth Testing Out A Systematic Review of the Neural Mechanisms of Treatment Outcome for Anxiety Related Disorders.- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.- Part 4 Cooccurring disorders.- Sensory Processing and Anxiety Within and Beyond the Autism Spectrum.- Fear and Anxiety in Schizophrenia A Focus on Development, Assessment, and Mechanisms.- Insights into Overlapping Brain Networks for Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders.- Part 5 Conclusion.- Summary and future directions.

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Book SynopsisSection 1: Foundations of Neuroeconomics: History and Methods.- Reward learning and choice: from theory to neuronal signals.- Resolving uncertainty: Foundational neuroeconomic studies of risk and ambiguity.- What lesion studies have taught us about frontal lobe contributions to decision-making.- Delay discounting: empirical foundations and future directions.- Foundations of Social Decision-Making.- Neural mechanisms of reward, decision-making and learning in a social context: insights from computational neuroimaging.- Foundations of Consumer Neuroscience.- Section 2: Valuation, Learning, Risk, and Uncertainty.- Abstract Representations of Economic Choice in the Primate Orbitofrontal Cortex.- Decomposing economic choices with drift-diffusion models.- Breaking the tug-of-war: What neuroeconomics can gain by moving past competition-only models.- Enhancing Ecological Validity in Habit Research Via Naturalistic Methods.- Pain and value-based decision-making: An introduction and implications for neuroeconomics.- Non-reinforced preference change.- Section 3: Temporal discounting, effort-based choice, and self-control.- Intertemporal Choice.- Intertemporal choices are influenced by many things beyond time itself.- The role of memory in temporal discounting.- The neuroeconomics of work: Computational and neural mechanisms of the dynamics of effort-based decisions.- Self-control and decision-making.- Section 4: Modulators of Decision-Making: Emotion and Social Context.- The value of perceived control.- Integrated Neural Circuitry Supporting Emotion Regulation and Decision Making.- Emotion and choice: The integral role of emotion in constructing value.- Modeling the social brain: Neurocomputational approaches to interpersonal learning and decision-making.- From experiences to preferences: neural insights through a naturalistic neuroimaging paradigm.- Section 5: Social preferences and social decision-making.- Prosociality and the Brain: Understanding When and Why We Help, Share, and Cooperate.- The Neural Mechanisms of Strategic Decision Making.- The neuroeconomics of social influence and contagion.- Comparative Game Theory: Bringing Ethology back into Social Decision Neuroscience.- Section 6: Individual Differences in Neuroeconomics: Age, Sex and Gender, and Clinical Variation.- Decision Neuroscience of Aging: 20 Years In.- Decision making in the aging brain: An update of the evidence base for the ‘affect-integration-motivation’ framework.- Maladaptive decision making in older adults: Confirmation bias and financial exploitation.- Sex/gender in neuroeconomics.- Domain-general and domain-specific values and their role in psychopathology.- Applications and Evolution of Neuroeconomics and Reinforcement Learning Models in Substance Use Disorders.- Section 7: From Neural Data to Societal Impact: Applications of Neuroeconomics.- Applications in Consumer Neuroscience: Decoding and Neuroforecasting.- Attention Dynamics: Antecedents to Consumer Choice.- Policy consequences of the new neuroeconomic framework.

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Book Synopsis1-Attitudes and smoking prevalence among undergraduate students in central Greece.- 2-Care of patients with Alzheimer's disease.- 3-Regulation of antioxidant enzymes levels in rat brain.- 4-NIRS-based assessment of cerebral oxygenation during high definition anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with posttraumatic encephalopathy.- 5-Cerebral critical closing pressure at concomitant traumatic brain injury.- 6-The role of inflammatory biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for possible late-life cognitive decline and dementias.- 7-The Development of Antisense RNA Treatments using Engineered Protein Substrates.- 8-Biomarker-driven analysis using high-throughput approaches in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.- 9-Sensitive and Stereo specific high-performance liquid chromatographic method for flurbiprofen in human plasma.- 10-Genotypic and Clinical Analysis of a Thalassemia Major Cohort: An Observational Study.- 11-Design and Validation of a New Diagnostic Tool for the Differentiation of Pathological Voices in Parkinsonian Patients.- 12-Effects of an 8-Week Stress Management Program in Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial.- 13-The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and Validation in the Greek Language in Adolescents.- 14-Stress system activation analysis in Greek female adolescents: a bioimpedance study.- 15-Kisspeptin and the genetic obesity interactome.- 16-The importance of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers identification and classification towards understanding ALS pathogenesis.- 17-Entropy in Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System of Adolescents with General Learning Disabilities or Dyslexia.- 18-Ebola virus disease and current therapeutic strategies; A review.- 19-Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy effect on Kinesia Paradoxa Brain Circuits.- 20-Early and Very Early GRIM19 and MCL1 Expression are Correlated to Late Acquired Prednisolone Effects in a T-Cell Acute Leukemia Cell Line.- 21-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile of Spirulina platensis.- 22-Chronic systemic inflammation measured by bioimpedance technology before and after sleeve gastrectomy: a feasibility study.- 23-Synthesis and Biological Evaluation Substituted Thiophene Derivatives.- 24-Force spectroscopy in mechanical protein domains unfolding.- 25-Investigating the genetic component of Parkinson's Disease.- 26-Urticaria from the Neurodermatological Perspective: A Temporal Analysis of Urticaria and Cognition.- 27-Novel Low-Noise CMOS Bioamplifier for the Characterization of Neurodegenerative Diseases.- 28-The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Greek Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students.- 29-Synthesis, in silico stuiesand biological evaluation of 1, 3 ,4 oxadiazino indole derivatives.- 30-Designing and screening of new schiff bases of indole derivatives for anti-bacterial activity by in-silico methods and docking studies.- 31-Use of vitamin D bolus in fortified juice for improving vitamin D status in children with Cerebral Palsy.-32-Microbes and the games they play.- 33-Impurity Profiling and Identification of 2,6 diisopropylphenol by Raman spectroscopy.- 34-Cultural Accommodation of the Strengthening Families Program for Parents and Young Adolescents 10-14: Greek Phase I & II Study.- 35-The effect of nutrients on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A metabolomic approach.- 36-The impact of exercising in the quality of life of people with Aementia-Alzheimer disease.- 37-Advanced Health Technologies and Nanotechnologies in Neurodegenerative Diseases.- 38-Phenotype and genotype study in a case of frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1.- 39-Craniofacial and neurological phenotype in a case of oculodentodigital syndrome.- 40-Clinical and molecular study of common thrombophilia mutation prothrombin G20210A.- 41-Prenatal genetic testing for X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.- 42-Preimplantation genetic testing for spastic paraplegia type 3.- 43-Synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and in-silico studies of some new 3-({P-DIMETHYLAMINO}BENZYLIDENE YDRAZINYLIDENE)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-INDOLE-2-ONE DERIVATIVES.- 44-Design, characterization and docking studies of some novel isatin derivatives for anticonvulsant and antidepressant activity.- 45-Skin mirrors Brain: A Chance for Alzheimer's Disease Research.- 46-Mitochondrial homeostasis in neurodegeneration and ageing.- 47-The Alzheimer's Disease Chronicles: will evidence triumph over adversity?.- 48-Liposomes: Production Methods and Application in Alzheimer's Disease.- 49-Developing Treatments for Alzheimer's and Related Disorders with Precision Medicine: A Vision.- 50-Biomarkers and Precision Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease.- 51-The role of microRNAs in thrombosis.- 52-Photo-oxygenation: an innovative new therapeutic approach against amyloidoses.

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Book SynopsisPreface.- Vestibular topodiagnosis using the Vestibulospinal pathway.- The Bedside Approach to the Dizzy Patient: Hypothesis Testing Guides the Successful Evaluation.- Video Ocular Counter-Roll (vOCR): A Clinical Bedside Evaluation of Otolith-Ocular Function.- A Clinical and Instrumented Approach of Vestibulo-Spinal Function.- Advanced Diagnostics in Acute Vestibular Syndromes: Integrating Video-Oculography.- Video Head Impulse Test findings in Central Vestibular Syndrome.- Exercise Prescription and Vestibular Physical Therapy for Persons with Vestibular Hypofunction.- Incremental VOR Adaptation: Clinical Trial Results.- MINIMUM STIMULUS STRATEGY: A STEP-BY-STEP DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO BPPV.- Complications after Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Repositioning Manouvers.- Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness.- Pharmacotherapy in disorders of eye movements and vestibular system.- The relevance of vestibular deficit in Machado- Joseph Disease and CANVAS: From a simple clinical test to twenty years of studies.- POSTERIOR CIRCULATION TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACKS MANIFESTED BY TRANSIENT VERTIGO OR ATAXIA. A 2025 OVERVIEW.- Neuro-Otologic Manifestations of Multiple Sclerosis.- VESTIBULAR MIGRAINE - FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO TREATMENT.- Spatial Cognition and Functional Dizziness.- CAUSES OF ACUTE-ONSET BALANCE DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS.- CACNA1A channelopathies and associated eye movement disorders.- Treatment of Central Positional Nystagmus.- The Five S’s of Dysfunctional Saccades: Slow, Sticky, Sloppy, Stunted, and Spontaneous.- Navigating Eye Movement Challenges in Parkinson's Disease: Insights and Solutions.- Dorsal midbrain (Parinaud) syndrome with INO and Mild Bilateral INO, two case report and a literature review: The spectrum of oculomotor abnormalities in medial longitudinal fasciculus lesions.- Covert Corrective Saccades in Acute Unilateral Vestibular Patients Induced by Predictable and Unpredictable Automated Head Impulses: A LATER Model Analysis.- Neurobiology of saccadic neurons in monkey.- Strabismus in Parkinson's Disease: Assessing Binocular Misalignment and the Role of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation during near fixation.- Color Vision Deficits and Eye Movement Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease.- Binocular Visual Acuity as a Key Metric for Evaluating Amblyopia and Strabismus and Fixation Instability.- Ocular motor neural integrator: mechanistic and structural underpinnings and consequences of its lesions.- Skew Deviation.

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Book SynopsisExecutive functioning: we measure it, assess it, document its development in youth, track its decline in age and use it as a basis for diagnoses, treatment planning and-of course-theories. Could it be possible that science has spent decades chasing a cognitive phantom?Noting the lack of consensus concerning definition, component skills, and location within the brain, The Myth of Executive Functioning calls basic assumptions, prominent theories, commonly used test methods, and even the phrase executive functioning into question. The book's deceptively simple argument takes an evolutionary/neuroscience look at the cornerstones of cognitive organization, including memory, planning, decision-making and adaptation to novel circumstances. From there, gaps are identified between systems of cognitive control and those behaviors that are evaluated in neuropsychological testing-gaps that contribute to the disconnect between how science views mind and body, brain and behavior. The author's problem-solving metaphor places new emphasis on stimulus processing and on the relationship between movement and thought as he offers thought-provoking perspectives on: The limits of neuropsychological constructs. The components of adaptive thinking. The automatic aspects of problem solving. The left-brain/right-brain dichotomy. Problems with the domain approach to cognition. New paradigms for testing cognitive functioning. A controversial presentation with the potential to change clinical practice and training, The Myth of Executive Functioning will be read, debated and learned from by neuropsychologists, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists and rehabilitation specialists.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Problem Solving: Practical Examples and Additional Properties.- The Problem Solving Metaphor, Neuropsychology, and Exective Functioning.- Neuropsychological Constructs, Assumptions, and Executive Functioning: Revisiting Principles of Brain Organization.- Functional Domains, Unitary Constructs, and the Intergrated Brain.- Large Scale Brain Systems.- The Application of Large Scale Brain Systems to Practical "EF" Behavior: Revisting the Introductory Examples.- The Novelty -Routinization Principle of Brain Organization.- Clues to Understanding the Phylogeny of Behavioral Control.- Ways of Generating Behavior.- Movement, Thinking, Anticipation, and Banishing Exectuvie Functioning.- The Four Steps of the Development of the Cognitive Control System.- Abolishing the Executive and the Mind-Body Problem.- Why Cognitive Control is an Expansion of Cortical-Cerebellar and Cortical-Basal Ganglia Motor Control Systems.- The Cerebro-Cerebellar Underpinning of Cognitive Control.- Structure and Function of the Cerebro-Cerebellar Circuitary System.- The Basal Ganglia Underpinning of Cognitive Control: The Fronto-Striatal System.- Cognitive Control, Reward, and the Basal Ganglia.- Basal Ganglia Dynamics, Cognition, and Social Behavior.- Interim Summary.- How Well Do These Principles “FIT” Exceptional Cases?.- Why People Who Cannot Move Are Aable to Think.- The Exceptionality of the Congenitally Blind.- The Exceptionality of Deafness.- NEeuropsychological Testing and Neuropsychological Evaluation: Is There A Difference Between These Aprroaches?.- Missing Elements in the Neuropsychological Assessment of EF.- The Tradtional Neuropsychological Assessment Paradigm.- The Motor Examination.- The Evaluation of Reward Preferences.- Summary, Conclusions, and Future Directions.

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Book SynopsisAs indicated by its title, this monograph deals chiefly with morphologically recognizable deviations from the normal anatomical condition of the human CNS. The AD-associated pathology is illustrated from its beginnings (sometimes even in childhood) to its final form, which is reached late in life. The AD process commences much earlier than the clinically recognizable phase of the disorder, and its timeline includes an extended preclinical phase. The further the pendulum swings away from the symptomatic final stages towards the early pathology, the more obvious the lesions become, although from a standpoint of severity they are more unremarkable and thus frequently overlooked during routine neuropathological assessment. For this reason, the authors deal with the hallmark lesions in the early phases of the AD process in considerable detailTable of ContentsPrologue.- General Morphology of Alzheimer-associated intraneuronal pathology.- Consistent and systematic changes in the distribution pattern of intraneuronal inclusions render staging possible.- Basic organization of involved structures.- Presymptomatic stages.- General morphology of Alzheimer-associated extracellular pathology.- Symptomatic stages.- The progression of cortical lesions mimics the pattern of myelination in reverse order.- Tauopathies.- CSF biomarkers and imaging techniques.- The staging hypothesis: assumptions, challenges, potential.- Technical considerations.

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Book SynopsisThis booklet, together with the following two,-which are well under way and will succeed it at intervals of, we hope, no more than six months, sets the stage for a new editorial enterprise in the field of brain science. The accent is on the functional aspects of brains rather than on their develop­ ment, hence the title of the series. The central question being how neural activity is related to behavior, there will be, naturally, a wide scatter of sub­ jects, and Heiligenberg's monograph on electric fish may be considered typ­ ical of the expected standard deviation from the mean. Deviations in other directions may go as far as the sensory neuron, or brain theory, or aphasia, or farther. The next contributions planned for the series are: Precht, Neuronal Operations in the Vestibular System, and Movshon, Genes and Environment in the Development of the Visual Cortex. Our aim is to ap­ proach the central area by means of something like an evolving handbook of brain science. The individual monographs should describe promising and successful approaches, even in areas where the last word is far from being said. Besides originaI monographs and compounds of the author's own published papers, reviews are also we1come if they are more than the sum of the parts. The publisher promises speedy publication, and the editors will see that the manuscripts will be readable as well as interesting. Tübingen, Summer 1977 V.Table of ContentsA. Introduction.- B. General Physiological and Anatomical Background.- I.The Electric Organ.- II.Electroreceptors.- III. Taxonomy of Electrolocating Fish.- IV. The Spectral Composition of Electric Organ Discharges.- V.The Neuroanatomy of Electric Fish.- 1. Brain Structures in the Mormyriformes.- 2. Brain Structures in the Gymnotoidei.- 3. A Comparison of Gymnotoid and Mormyriform Brain Structures.- C. The Mechanism of Electrolocation.- I. Spatial Aspects of Electrolocation.- II. Response Characteristics and Central Projections of Tuberous Electroreceptors.- 1. Pulse Species.- a) Mormyrids.- b) Gymnotpids.- 2. Wave Species.- a) Gymnarchus.- b) Gymnotoids.- III.Central Processing of Electric Images.- IV. Behavioral Measures of Electrolocation Performance.- V. Electrolocation Performance in the Presence of Electric Noise and Mechanisms of Jamming Avoidance.- VI. Neuronal Mechanisms Linked to Jamming Avoidance and Electrolocation Under Jamming Conditions. Hypotheses and Results.- 1. Pulse Species.- a) Mormyrids.- b) Gymnotoid Pulse Species.- 2. Wave Species.- a) Gymnarchus.- b) Gymnotoid Wave Species.- VII. Speculations on the Evolution of Pulse- and Wave-Type Electric Fish.- References.

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Book SynopsisEEG und evozierte Potentiale gehoren heute zum festen Bestandteil in der Diagnostik und Verlaufsuntersuchung von Hirnfunktionen. Bisher fehlte ein praktisches, kurzgefasstes und handliches Buch uber diese beiden klinisch-neurophysiologischen Methoden im Kindes- und Jugendalter. In dem vorliegenden Buch werden nach einer Einfuhrung in die allgemeinen Grundlagen der elektrischen Hirnaktivitat detaillierte Informationen uber das Elektroenzephalogramm und die verschiedenen Arten von evozierten Potentialen vermittelt. Fur jede Ableitetechnik werden Zweck und Ableitemethode sorgfaltig erklart. Besonders hilfreich sind die zahlreichen Abbildungen, Tabellen und Hinweise auf spezielle Methoden der EEG-Auswertung (z.B. topographische Darstellung elektrischer Hirnaktivitat). Ob Neuropadiatrie, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie oder andere Bereiche der Kinder- und Jugendlichenmedizin: das Buch unterstutzt den Lernenden bei der Handhabung und Auswertung des Elektroenzephalogramms und der evozierten Potentiale, dem Fortgeschrittenen bietet es rasch verfugbare Nachschlagemoglichkeiten.Table of Contents1 Allgemeines zum EEG.- 1.1 Die neurophysiologischen Grundlagen des EEGs.- 1.2 Graphoelemente.- 1.3 Terminologie.- 2 Das EEG im Kindes- und Jugendalter.- 2.1 Allgemeine Vorbemerkung.- 2.2 Beschreibung und Beurteilung des EEGs.- 2.3 Besonderheiten bei der Ableitung.- 2.3.1 Vorbemerkung.- 2.3.2 Standardisierung der Ableitung.- 2.3.3 EEG-Ableitung bei Früh-und Neugeborenen.- 2.3.4 EEG-Ableitung beim Säugling.- 2.3.5 EEG-Ableitung beim Klein-und Vorschulkind.- 2.3.6 EEG-Ableitung beim Schulkind und beim Jugendlichen.- 2.4 Die Vigilanzstadien.- 2.4.1 Vorbemerkung.- 2.4.2 Definition der Vigilanzstadien.- 2.4.3 Entwicklung der Vigilanzstadien.- 2.5 Das normale EEG in den verschiedenen Altersstufen.- 2.5.1 Vorbemerkung.- 2.5.2 EEG im Konzeptionsalter von 24-27 Wochen.- 2.5.3 EEG im Konzeptionsalter von 28-31 Wochen.- 2.5.4 EEG im Konzeptionsalter von 32-35 Wochen.- 2.5.5 EEG im Konzeptionsalter von 36-39 Wochen.- 2.5.6 EEG im Alter von 0-12 Monaten nach errechnetem Termin (ET).- 2.5.7 EEG im Alter von 12-36 Monaten nach ET.- 2.5.8 EEG im Alter von 3-5 Jahren.- 2.5.9 EEG im Alter von 6-12 Jahren.- 2.5.10 EEG im Alter von 13-18 Jahren.- 2.6 Klinische Anwendung.- 2.6.1 Vorbemerkung.- 2.6.2 Allgemeine pathologische EEG-Merkmale.- 2.6.3 Spezielle pathologische EEG-Merkmale.- 2.6.3.1 Allgemeines.- 2.6.3.2 Epileptiforme Muster und zerebrale Anfälle.- 2.6.3.3 Verhaltensauffälligkeiten.- 2.7 Langzeit-EEG.- 2.8 Besondere Analyse-und Darstellungsformen des EEGs.- 2.8.1 Automatische EEG-Analyse.- 2.8.2 Kartographische Darstellung der EEG-und EP-Topographie.- 2.9 Magnetenzephalogramm (MEG).- 2.10 Allgemeine Schlußbemerkung.- 3 Evozierte Potentiale (EP) im Kindes- und Jugendalter.- 3.1 Allgemeines.- 3.2 Neurophysiologische Aspekte.- 3.3 Analog-Digital-Wandlung.- 3.4 Abspeicherung der digitalisierten Werte.- 3.5 Mittelung.- 3.6 Artefaktprobleme.- 3.7 Ausmessung.- 3.8 Befundung und Dokumentation.- 3.9 Visuell evozierte Potentiale (VEP).- 3.9.1 Vorbemerkung.- 3.9.2 Neuroanatomie.- 3.9.3 Physiologie.- 3.9.4 Ableitung.- 3.9.4.1 Allgemeines.- 3.9.4.2 Besonderheiten.- 3.9.5 Entwicklung der VEP.- 3.9.5.1 Musterumkehr-VEP (MU-VEP).- 3.9.5.2 Blitz-VEP (B-VEP).- 3.9.6 Klinische Anwendung.- 3.9.7 Schlußbemerkung.- 3.10 Auditorisch evozierte Potentiale (AEP).- 3.10.1 Vorbemerkung.- 3.10.2 Neuroanatomie.- 3.10.3 Physiologie.- 3.10.4 Ableitung.- 3.10.4.1 Allgemeines.- 3.10.4.2 Besonderheiten.- 3.10.5 Entwicklung.- 3.10.5.1 FAEP.- 3.10.5.2 MAEP.- 3.10.5.3 SAEP.- 3.10.6 Klinische Anwendung.- 3.10.6.1 Audiologisch-phoniatrische Störungen.- 3.10.6.2 Neuropsychiatrische Störungen.- 3.10.7 Schlußbemerkung.- 3.11 Somatosensorisch evozierte Potentiale (SEP).- 3.11.1 Vorbemerkung.- 3.11.2 Neuroanatomie.- 3.11.3 Physiologie.- 3.11.4 Ableitung.- 3.11.4.1 Allgemeines.- 3.11.4.2 Besonderheiten.- 3.11.5 Entwicklung.- 3.11.5.1 SpinaleSEP.- 3.11.5.2 Subkortikale SEP.- 3.11.5.3 KortikaleSEP.- 3.11.6 Klinische Anwendung.- 3.11.7 Schlußbemerkung.- 3.12 Kognitive Hirnpotentiale.- 3.12.1 Vorbemerkung.- 3.12.2 P300-Welle.- 3.12.3 Kontingente negative Variation (CNV).- 3.12.4 Bereitschaftspotential (BP).- 3.13 Evozierte Potentiale und Medikamente.- 4 Allgemeiner Schluß.- Literatur.

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Book SynopsisSeeks answers to these questions using the underlying assumption that consciousness can be understood using the intellectual potential of modern physics and other sciences. There are a number of theories of consciousness, some based on classical physics while others require the use of quantum concepts. The latter ones have drawn criticism from the parts of the scientific establishment while simultaneously claiming that classical approaches are doomed to failure. The contributing authors presents a spectrum of opinions from both sides of this on-going scientific debate, allowing readers to decide for themselves which of the approaches are most likely to succeed.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The intention of the book was clearly to present many different views of the consciousness problem, and as such it succeeds extremely well. … If you are interested in consciousness and its interaction with the physical and biological worlds, this is an excellent book that I recommend highly.” (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, bookinspections.wordpress.com, March, 2014)Table of ContentsThe Path Ahead.- Consciousness and Quantum Physics: Empirical Research on the Subjective Reduction of the Statevector.- Microtubules in the Cerebral Cortex: Role in Memory and Consciousness.- Towards Experimental Tests of Quantum Effects in Cytoskeletal Proteins.- Physicalism, Chaos and Reductionism.- Consciousness, Neurobiology and Quantum Mechanics: The Case for a Connection.- Life, Catalysis and Excitable Media: A Dynamic Systems Approach to Metabolism and Cognition.- The Dendritic Cytoskeleton as a Computational Device: An Hypothesis.- Recurrent Quantum Neural Network and its Applications.- Microtubules as a Quantum Hopfield Network.- Consciousness and Quantum Brain Dynamics.- The CEMI Field Theory: Seven Clues to the Nature of Consciousness.- Quantum Cosmology and the Hard Problem of the Conscious Brain.- Consciousness and Logic in a Quantum-Computing Universe.

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Book SynopsisMost birds cannot cover the distance between their breeding and winter quarters in one hop. They have to make multiple flights alternated with stopovers. Which factors govern the birds’ decisions to stop, to stop for how long, when to resume flight? What is better – to accumulate much fuel and to make long flights for many hundreds of kilometres, or to travel in small steps? Is it necessary to find habitats similar to the breeding ones or other habitats would do? Are long migratory flights indeed so costly energetically as usually assumed? This monograph summarizes our current knowledge on the ecology of songbird migrants during migratory stopovers and on their behaviour.​Table of ContentsForeword.- Introduction.- 1. Stopover duration, 1.1. Methods of estimating stopover duration, 1.2. Estimates based on re-encounters of marked birds, 1.3. Estimates based on radio-tagging, 1.4. Within-species variance in stopover duration: ‘transients’ and ‘non-transients’, 1.5. Concluding remarks.- 2. Fuel deposition rate and energy efficiency of stopovers, 2.1. Energy stores of migrants, 2.2. Methods of estimating fuel deposition rate, 2 .3. Empirical FDR values, 2.4. Factors that influence FDR, 2.5. Low initial FDR: an artefact or real phenomenon?.- 3. Optimal migration theory, 3.1. General remarks, 3.2. Time minimisation, 3.3. Minimisation of energy cost of migration, 3.4. Predation risk minimisation, 3.5. Basic equations, 3.6. Concluding remarks.- 4. Habitat selection and use by migrants, 4.1. Introductory remarks, 4.2. Scales of habitat selection at stopover, 4.3. Role of individual experience, 4.4. Termination of migratory flights, 4.5. Search for home range and settling, 4.6. Habitat exploitation,4.7. Fuel deposition in oases, 4.8. Fuel deposition on islands.- 5. Spatial behaviour at stopovers, 5.1. Introductory remarks, 5.2. Range and direction of daytime movements of nocturnal migrants, 5.3. Restricted home ranges vs. broad movements:visual observations and recapture analysis, 5.4. Spatial behaviour at stopovers: radio-tracking data, 5.5. Impact of fuel stores on spatial behaviour, 5.6. Spatial behaviour of songbird migrants at stopover and spatial distribution of food.- 6. Temporal pattern and energy cost of migratory flight, 6.1. Time of nocturnal migratory departures, 6.2. Body mass and fuel stores at nocturnal migratory departure, 6.3. Nocturnal departures of lean birds and reverse migration at night, 6.4. Relationship between fuel stores and take-off time, 6.5. Time of ceasing flight, 6.6. Body mass at arrival after migratory flights, 6.7. Estimates of energy costs of migratory flight.- 7. Migratory flights and stopovers: organisation of migration, 7.1. Theoretically possible fuel deposition rate, 7.2. Factors that influence departure decisions, 7.3. Series of migratory flights and waves of passage, 7.4. Spring vs. autumn migration, 7.5. Migration of a typical long-distance passerine nocturnal migrant.- Conclusions.- References ​

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Book SynopsisSome fishes test their environment by generating electric fields outside their bodies (man's first contact with electricity). To send and receive electric signals, one's own or those from a neighbor, is the basis of some bony fishes' unusual sensory capacities that enable them to lead a secret, nocturnal life. This volume provides the reader with a detailed account of these fishes' biology and behavior and their sophisticated sensory capacities. The phylogenetic relationships of the fish taxa involved are discussed as well as the physiology and anatomy of the electrosensory-motor-system and the integration to form an efficient intelligence system. The main emphasis is on the descriptive and experimental analysis of electric communication behavior in a variety of species, including studies of digital signal synthesis. Whenever possible, mechanisms of communication are indicated.Table of Contents1. Taxonomy of Electroreceptive Teleosts.- 1.1 Osteoglossiformes.- 1.2 Mormyriformes.- 1.3 Gymnotiformes.- 1.4 Siluriformes.- 2. Electric Sensori-Motor System.- 2.1 Electroreception in Evolutionary Perspective.- 2.1.1 Cranial Nerves and Somatic Distribution of Electroreceptors in Teleosts.- 2.1.2 Structure of Electroreceptors in Teleosts.- 2.1.3 Modes of Encoding Electrical Stimuli.- 2.1.4 Central Projections of Electroreceptive Afferents (Mormyridae, Gymnotiformes).- 2.2 Electric Organs.- 2.2.1 Structure and Function of Electric Organs.- 2.2.2 Neural Control of Electric Organs.- 2.3 The Electric System in the Aquatic Environment.- 2.3.1 Active Electrolocation.- 2.3.2 Electrocommunication: Spatial Aspects of Sending and Receiving Electric Organ Discharges.- 3. Species Diversity of Electric Organ Discharge Activity.- 3.1 Waveforms of Electric Organ Discharges.- 3.1.1 Mormyriformes.- 3.1.1.1 Mormyriform Pulse Species (Mormyridae).- 3.1.1.2 Mormyriform Wave Species (Gymnarchus).- 3.1.2 Gymnotiformes.- 3.1.2.1 Gymnotiform Pulse Species.- 3.1.2.2 Gymnotiform Wave Species.- 3.1.3 Siluriformes.- 3.2 Patterns of Spontaneous Discharge Rates.- 3.2.1 Mormyriformes.- 3.2.1.1 Mormyriform Pulse Species (Mormyridae).- 3.2.1.2 Mormyriform Wave Species (Gymnarchus).- 3.2.2 Gymnotiformes.- 3.2.2.1 Gymnotiform Pulse Species.- 3.2.2.2 Gymnotiform Wave Species.- 3.2.3 Siluriformes.- 3.3 Responses to Disturbances (or Food Stimuli).- 3.3.1 Mormyriformes.- 3.3.1.1 Mormyriform Pulse Species (Mormyridae).- 3.3.1.2 Mormyriform Wave Species (Gymnarchus).- 3.3.2 Gymnotiformes.- 3.3.2.1 Gymnotiform Pulse Species.- 3.3.2.2 Gymnotiform Wave Species.- 3.3.3 Siluriformes.- 4. Communicating with Electric Organ Discharges.- 4.1 Electrical and Motor Displays of Communicating Fish.- 4.1.1 Mormyriformes.- 4.1.1.1 Mormyriform Pulse Species (Mormyridae).- 4.1.1.2 Mormyriform Wave Species (Gymnarchus).- 4.1.2 Gymnotiformes.- 4.1.2.1 Gymnotiform Pulse Species.- 4.1.2.2 Gymnotiform Wave Species.- 4.2 Experimental Manipulation of the Electrocommunication System.- 4.2.1 Mormyriformes.- 4.2.1.1 Ethological Approach.- 4.2.1.2 Playback of EOD Interval Patterns.- 4.2.1.3 Species Recognition by EOD Interval Pattern (B. Kramer and H. Lücker).- 4.2.1.4 Discrimination of Inter-Pulse Intervals (B. Kramer and U. Heinrich).- 4.2.2 Gymnotiformes.- 4.2.2.1 Electrical Stimulation and Playback of EOD Patterns in Pulse Species.- 4.2.2.2 Electrical Stimulation and Playback of EODs in Wave Species.- Conclusion.- References.- Systematic Index.

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Book SynopsisThe honeybee (Apis melli/era L. ) is one of the better studied organisms on this planet. There are plenty of books on the biology of the honeybee for all, the scientist, the beekeeper, and the layman. In view of this flood of publications one is tempted to ask: why does it require another one? The answer is simple: a new one is not required and we do not intend to present a new book on "the honeybee". This would really just add some more inches to the already overloaded bookshelf without sub­ stantial new information. Instead, we intend to present a book on the honeybee colony. This of course immediately releases the next question: so what is the difference? Although the difference may look insignificant at first glance, we try to guide the reader with a fundamentally different approach through the biology of honeybees and eusocial insect societies in general. The biology of individual colony members is only addressed when it is necessary to explain colonial mechanisms, and the colony as a whole, as a biological unit, which is the main focus of this treatise. Both of us felt that all current textbooks on bee biology put too much emphasis on the individual worker, queen or drone in the colony. Often it is com­ pletely neglected that the colony is a very significant (if not the most significant) biological structure in bee biology.Table of Contents1 What Is a Superorganism?.- 1.1 From Cells to Metazoan Organisms.- 1.2 What Makes a Social Group a Superorganism?.- 1.3 Diversity of Superorganisms.- 1.3.1 Termites.- 1.3.2 Superorganismic Ants.- 1.3.3 Bees.- 1.3.4 The Naked Mole Rat.- 1.4 What Not to Expect from Superorganisms.- 2 Evolution of Superorganisms.- 2.1 From Solitary Individuals to Superorganisms: The Theories.- 2.1.1 Darwin’s Dilemma.- 2.1.2 Individual Selection Models.- 2.1.2.1 Kin Selection.- 2.1.2.2 Assured Fitness Returns.- 2.1.2.3 Parental Manipulation.- 2.1.2.4 Mutualism and Reciprocal Altruism.- 2.1.2.5 Testing Theories.- 2.1.3 Group Selection.- 2.1.3.1 Classical Group Selection.- 2.1.3.2 Competitive Group Selection.- 2.1.3.3 Colony-Level Selection.- 2.1.3.4 Testing Theories of Group Selection.- 2.2 From Solitary Individuals to Superorganisms: The Evidence.- 2.2.1 Sociality in Bees.- 2.2.2 Solitary and Subsocial Bees.- 2.2.2.1 Megachile rotundata: The Individualist.- 2.2.2.2 Carpenter Bees: The Hierarchists.- 2.2.3 Primitively Social Bees.- 2.2.3.1 Exoneura bicolor Smith: The Mutualist.- 2.2.3.2 Halictine Bees: Getting Social.- 2.2.3.3 Bombus: Controlling Environment.- 2.2.4 Superorganismic Bees.- 2.2.4.1 Stingless Bees.- 2.2.4.2 Evolution Within the Genus Apis.- 3 Physiology.- 3.1 Development.- 3.1.1 From Egg to Adult.- 3.1.2 Caste.- 3.1.3 Birth, Aging, and Death of a Superorganism.- 3.1.3.1 Birth.- 3.1.3.2 Aging and Age Variation.- 3.1.3.3 Death and Immortality.- 3.2 Glands and Secretions.- 3.2.1 Endocrine System.- 3.2.2 Exocrine System.- 3.3 Feeding and Digestion.- 3.3.1 Nutrition.- 3.3.2 Food Exchange and the Meniscus Effect.- 3.3.3 Pollen Stores.- 3.3.4 Making Honey.- 3.4 Respiration.- 3.4.1 Respiration in Individuals.- 3.4.2 Respiration in Colonies.- 3.5 Circulation.- 3.5.1 Haemolymph Circulation.- 3.5.2 Circulation in the Colony.- 3.6 Colonial Excretion and Water Balance.- 3.7 Metabolic Physiology.- 3.7.1 Temperature Control.- 3.7.1.1 Cooling.- 3.7.1.2 Heating.- 3.7.1.3 Maintenance of Nest Temperature.- 3.7.1.4 Optimal Environmental Temperature and Nest Choice.- 3.7.2 Mass-Metabolism Relationships and Colony Fitness.- 3.7.3 Seasonal Relationships.- 3.8 Neurophysiology.- 3.8.1 Vision.- 3.8.2 Chemical Sense.- 3.8.3 Acoustic and Mechanical Reception.- 3.8.4 Special Sense, Learning and Integration.- 3.9 Muscle Function.- 3.9.1 Locomotion and Flight.- 3.9.2 Stinging and Biting.- 3.10 Circadian Rhythms and Sleep.- 3.10.1 Cyclic Metabolism.- 3.10.2 Cyclic Locomotion.- 3.10.3 Cyclic Ventilation.- 3.10.4 Sleep.- 4 Communication Network of the Superorganism.- 4.1 The Analysis of Communication Networks.- 4.2 Division of Labour.- 4.3 Food Procurement and Temperature Regulation.- 4.3.1 The Search for Food.- 4.3.1.1 Individual Search Pattern of a Scout.- 4.3.1.2 Foraging a Patch of Flowers.- 4.3.2 Communication Mechanisms.- 4.3.2.1 Round Dance.- 4.3.2.2 Waggle Dance.- 4.3.2.3 Acoustic Signals.- 4.3.2.4 Odour Signals.- 4.3.2.5 Dorsoventral Abdominal Vibration (DVAV) Dance.- 4.3.3 Central Food Handling and Social Integration.- 4.3.3.1 Amoeboid Foraging Pattern.- 4.3.3.2 Nectar Storage.- 4.3.3.3 Queueing.- 4.3.3.4 Comb Utilization.- 4.3.3.5 Water Handling.- 4.4 Search for Housing.- 4.4.1 Nest Site Selection.- 4.4.2 Swarm Orientation.- 4.4.3 Migration.- 4.5 Pheromones.- 4.5.1 Superorganismal Control.- 4.5.2 Queen Pheromones Inside the Nest.- 4.5.2.1 Queen Retinue Behaviour.- 4.5.2.2 Colony Stabilization and Ovary Suppression in Workers.- 4.5.3 Queen Pheromones Outside the Nest.- 4.5.3.1 Swarm Attraction.- 4.5.3.2 Sex Attractant.- 4.5.4 Worker Pheromones.- 4.5.4.1 Orientation.- 4.5.4.2 Colony Defence.- 4.5.5 Other Pheromones and Odours.- 4.6 Learning.- 4.7 Social Intelligence and Network Analysis.- 4.7.1 Social Intelligence.- 4.7.2 Network Analysis.- 5 Ecology.- 5.1 Demography of Natural Populations.- 5.1.1 Life History Strategies.- 5.1.1.1 Sessile Phase.- 5.1.1.2 Mobile Phase.- 5.1.1.3 Life Cycle.- 5.1.2 Spatial and Temporal Distribution.- 5.1.2.1 Colony Defence.- 5.1.2.2 Removal of Debris and the Dead.- 5.1.2.3 Home Range.- 5.1.2.4 Mating Distance.- 5.1.2.5 Overdispersion of Colonies.- 5.1.3 Distribution of Honeybees.- 5.1.4 Intracolonial Structure.- 5.2 Community Structure.- 5.2.1 Plant/Bee Symbioses.- 5.2.1.1 Foraging and Pollination.- 5.2.1.2 Energy Flow and Material Turnover.- 5.2.1.3 Honeydew.- 5.2.2 Selective Forces and Diversity.- 5.2.2.1 Intraspecific Competition.- 5.2.2.2 Interspecific Competition Among Superorganisms.- 5.2.2.3 Competition with Individual Organisms.- 5.2.3 Diseases, Parasites, and Predators.- 5.2.3.1 Superorganism Pathology.- 5.2.3.2 Specific Examples.- 5.3 Superorganism Size.- 5.3.1 Temporal Variation in Group Size.- 5.3.1.1 Environmental Determinants of Group Size.- 5.3.1.2 Intrinsic Determinants of Group Size.- 5.3.2 Fitness and Group Size.- 5.3.2.1 r and K Selection.- 5.3.2.2 Queen Fecundity.- 5.3.2.3 Periods of Dearth.- 5.3.2.4 Defence and Group Size.- 5.3.3 Optimization Model of Group Size.- 5.4 Ecological Impact of Superorganismic Honeybees.- 5.4.1 Natural Areas.- 5.4.2 Agricultural Land.- 6 Reproduction.- 6.1 Individual Reproduction.- 6.1.1 Sexual Reproduction.- 6.1.1.1 Sex Determination and Sex Ratios.- 6.1.1.2 The Queen.- 6.1.1.3 The Drones.- 6.1.1.4 Mating Behaviour.- 6.1.2 Parthenogenesis.- 6.1.2.1 Production of Drones by the Queen.- 6.1.2.2 Production of Drones by Workers.- 6.1.2.3 Production of Females by Workers.- 6.1.3 Negative Reproduction.- 6.1.3.1 Brood Cannibalism.- 6.1.3.2 Worker Policing.- 6.2 Colonial Reproduction.- 6.2.1 The Seasonal Development of a Colony.- 6.2.1.1 The Yearly Life Cycle in a Temperate Climate.- 6.2.1.2 Somatic Growth and Worker Force Dynamics.- 6.2.2 Sexual Reproduction of Colonies.- 6.2.2.1 Production of Gametes and the Zygote.- 6.2.2.2 The Sex of a Colony.- 6.2.3 Asexual Reproduction of Colonies.- 6.2.3.1 Swarming Behaviour.- 6.2.3.2 How Many Swarms?.- 6.2.3.3 The Primary Swarm: Join the Old or the New Queen?.- 6.2.3.4 The Afterswarms: Join the Super or Half Sister?.- 6.2.3.5 Is Swarming = Colony Budding?.- 7 Genetics.- 7.1 Gene Expression vs Genotype Expression.- 7.1.1 The Limbs and the Stomach Model.- 7.1.2 Intraorganismic Genetic Variation — the Principal Difference.- 7.1.3 Gametes — the Functional Difference.- 7.2 Genetic Basis of Honeybees.- 7.2.1 Male Haploidy.- 7.2.2 Sex Determination.- 7.2.2.1 The Sex Locus.- 7.2.2.2 Diploid Males.- 7.2.3 The Terminology Problem.- 7.2.3.1 What Is a Generation?.- 7.2.3.2 Who Is Who in a Honeybee Family?.- 7.3 Genetic Variation in Honeybee Colonies.- 7.3.1 Origins for Intracolonial Genetic Variance.- 7.3.2 Measures of Genetic Relationship.- 7.3.2.1 Coefficients of Relationship Based on Pedigree Information.- 7.3.2.2 Relationships in Natural Populations.- 7.3.2.3 Weighted Coefficients of Relatedness.- 7.3.3 Genetic Relationship Between the Members of a Colony.- 7.3.3.1 Relationship Between Queen and Her Offspring.- 7.3.3.2 Relationship Between Workers and Drones.- 7.3.4 Relationship Between Groups.- 7.3.4.1 Average Individual Relationship.- 7.3.4.2 Group Relationship.- 7.4 Quantitative Genetics.- 7.4.1 The Problems in Analyzing Social Characters.- 7.4.2 The Classical Parameters.- 7.4.2.1 Repeatability.- 7.4.2.2 Selectability.- 7.4.2.3 Non-Linear Interactions.- 7.4.3 Similarities Between Colony Members.- 7.4.3.1 Genetic Covariance Among Workers.- 7.4.3.2 Genetic Covariance Among Drones.- 7.4.3.3 Covariance Between Queen and Offspring.- 7.4.3.4 Covariance Between Drone and Offspring.- 7.4.3.5 Covariance Between Mid-Parent and Offspring.- 7.4.4 Similarities Between Related Colonies.- 7.4.4.1 Worker Effects.- 7.4.4.2 Combined Effects.- 7.4.5 Selection Index.- 7.4.6 Empirical Examples.- 7.4.6.1 Analysis of Individual Characters.- 7.4.6.2 Analysis of Social Traits of Small Worker Groups.- 7.5 Behavioural Genetics.- 7.5.1 Analysis of Individual Behaviour.- 7.5.1.1 Learning Behaviour.- 7.5.1.2 Trophallactic Behaviour.- 7.5.1.3 Reproductive Dominance.- 7.5.2 Analysis of Social Behaviour.- 7.5.2.1 Hoarding Behaviour.- 7.5.2.2 Hygienic Behaviour.- 7.5.2.3 Defensive Behaviour.- 7.5.2.4 Division of Labour.- 7.6 Population Genetics.- 7.6.1 The Effective Population Size of Superorganisms.- 7.6.2 Polymorphisms in Nuclear Genome.- 7.6.2.1 Isozyme Polymorphism.- 7.6.2.2 Molecular DNA Markers.- 7.6.3 Inbreeding.- 7.6.3.1 Inbreeding and Practical Breeding Schemes.- 7.6.3.2 Inbred Superorganisms.- 7.6.4 Variation of Mitochondrial Genes.- 7.6.4.1 Mitochondrial DNA of Honeybees.- 7.6.4.2 Cyto-Nuclear Disequilibrium.- 8 Natural Selection.- 8.1 Selection at the Individual Level.- 8.1.1 Selection of Sexual Reproductives.- 8.1.2 Intracolonial Selection Among Laying Workers.- 8.2 Kin Selection.- 8.2.1 Discrimination Among Queens.- 8.2.2 Kin Discrimination Among Workers.- 8.3 Selection on Phenotypes of Superorganisms.- 8.3.1 Genetic Analysis of Division of Labour.- 8.3.2 Genetic Variability and Task Specialization.- 8.3.3 Non-Linear Worker Interactions.- 8.4 Africanized Honeybees: A Large-Scale Evolutionary Experiment.- 8.4.1 The History of Africanization.- 8.4.2 Reproductive Advantage of Africanized Honeybees.- 8.4.3 Genetic Evidence from Field Studies.- 8.5 Selection in Superorganisms: Too Complex to Study?.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how neuromarketing works in practice. It describes how companies can use the methods and insights of neuroscience to make better decisions themselves. It brings together real-world use cases in the area of applied neuroscience, collected from the globally leading consumer neuroscience companies and their clients. The use cases come from a variety of business areas, from advertising research to store design, from finding the right name for a brand to designing a compelling website. The book reveals how clients engage in neuromarketing; the business problems they can encounter, and have encountered, solving with this new approach; and the values they generate.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book shows how neuromarketing works in practice. It describes how companies can use the methods and insights of neuroscience to make better decisions themselves. It brings together real-world use cases in the area of applied neuroscience, collected from the globally leading consumer neuroscience companies and their clients. The use cases come from a variety of business areas, from advertising research to store design, from finding the right name for a brand to designing a compelling website. The book reveals how clients engage in neuromarketing; the business problems they can encounter, and have encountered, solving with this new approach; and the values they generate.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book treats essentials from neurophysiology (Hodgkin–Huxley equations, synaptic transmission, prototype networks of neurons) and related mathematical concepts (dimensionality reductions, equilibria, bifurcations, limit cycles and phase plane analysis). This is subsequently applied in a clinical context, focusing on EEG generation, ischaemia, epilepsy and neurostimulation. The book is based on a graduate course taught by clinicians and mathematicians at the Institute of Technical Medicine at the University of Twente. Throughout the text, the author presents examples of neurological disorders in relation to applied mathematics to assist in disclosing various fundamental properties of the clinical reality at hand. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter; answers are included. Basic knowledge of calculus, linear algebra, differential equations and familiarity with MATLAB or Python is assumed. Also, students should have some understanding of essentials of (clinical) neurophysiology, although most concepts are summarized in the first chapters. The audience includes advanced undergraduate or graduate students in Biomedical Engineering, Technical Medicine and Biology. Applied mathematicians may find pleasure in learning about the neurophysiology and clinic essentials applications. In addition, clinicians with an interest in dynamics of neural networks may find this book useful, too.Trade Review“The book is for sure a valuable contribution to make understandable the concepts of neurophysiology, it’s connection to applied mathematics and the benefits of theoretical achievements for application to clinical problems.” (Claudia simionescu-Badea, zbMATH 1482.92005, 2022)Table of ContentsPart I Physiology of neurons and synapses: Electrophysiology of the Neuron.- Synapses.- Part II Dynamics: Dynamics in one-dimension.- Dynamics in two-dimensional systems.- Part III Networks: Prototype neural networks.- Part IV The electroencephalogram: Basics of the EEG.- Neural mass modeling of the EEG.- Part V Pathology: Hypoxia and neuronal function.- Seizures and Epilepsy.- Part VI Neurostimulation: Neurostimulation.- Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisDieses essential gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschung zum Thema Linkshändigkeit und Hirnasymmetrien. Dabei werden neben Grundlagen zur Erfassung von Linkshändigkeit und Hirnasymmetrien auch ihre Evolution, Entwicklung und ihre Erforschung im Tierreich beleuchtet. Weitere Themenschwerpunkte sind die Erforschung zwischen Linkshändigkeit und kognitiven Funktionen sowie das Thema Händigkeit und Sport. Abgerundet wird das essential durch eine Besprechung des Themas Umlernen der Händigkeit und eine Diskussion veränderter Asymmetrien bei verschiedenen Patientengruppen.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Was ist Linkshändigkeit?.- Hirnasymmetrien: Links-Rechts-Unterschiede im Gehirn.- Wie entstehen Linkshändigkeit und Hirnasymmetrien?.- Linkspfotigkeit: Hirnasymmetrien im Tierreich.- Die Evolution von Linkshändigkeit und Hirnasymmetrien.- Linkshändigkeit und kognitive Funktionen.- Haben Linkshänder einen Vorteil beim Sport?.- Das Umlernen der Händigkeit und seine Folgen.- Linkshändigkeit und Hirnasymmetrien im klinischen Kontext.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Alzheimer’s Disease : Pathophysiological and Therapeutical Insights.- Chapter 2. Molecular Basis for the Protective Effect of Dietary Components against Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 3. Anti-inflammatory Potential of Dietary Components and Benefits in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 4. Role of Mediterranean diet in Alzheimer’s disease: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence.- Chapter 5. Prebiotics and probiotics in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 6. Emerging trends in therapeutic potential of curcumin in Alzheimer's disease.- Chapter 7. Tea Catechins: A useful chemical weapon against Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 8. Mindful Eating: Ayurvedic Insights into Diet and Alzheimer's disease Management.- Chapter 9. The Role of Nuts in Alzheimer’s Prevention and Management.- Chapter 10. Role of Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids against Alzheimer's disease.- Chapter 11. Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 12. Carotenoids and Memory Enhancement: A Therapeutic Link to Alzheimer's disease.- Chapter 13. Molecular Basis of the Role of Polyphenols in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 14. Unveiling the benefit of Maca in preventing Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 15. Resveratrol: A stilbene with multifaceted roles in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 16. Mushrooms and their protective role in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 17. Alzheimer’s Disease Management through the Gut-Brain Axis.- Chapter 18. Exploring the Neuroprotective Potential of Extra Virgin Olive Oil: A Dietary Approach to Mitigating Alzheimer’s Disease.- Chapter 19. Vitamins and their role in Alzheimer’s disease.- Chapter 20. Dietary polyphenols and the aging brain: Mechanistic insights into Alzheimer’s disease prevention.

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Book SynopsisPart 1. Basic Concepts of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disorder.- Basic anatomy and physiology of the central nervous system.- Neurodegenerative disorders: Types, Classification, and basic concepts.- Alzheimer's disorder: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, future predictions.- Pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms: pathways to Alzheimer's plaque formation.- Correlation of Alzheimer's and other psychologic and non-psychologic conditions.- Part 2. Current scenario of Alzheimer's disorder.- Hurdles & strategies in treating Alzheimer's disorder.- Diagnosis of Alzheimer's, types of plaques and their detection, imaging techniques, and other tests.- Current drugs used: classification, pharmacology.- Approved drug regimens, combinations, and delivery systems for Alzheimer's disorder.- Traditional therapies for Alzheimer's disorder.- Part 3. Novel therapeutic approaches to Alzheimer's Therapy.- Nanotechnology in Alzheimer's.- Targeted drug delivery: amyloid beta targeting drugs, immunotherapy, anti-tau, and aggregation inhibitor, microtubule-stabilizing, and neuro-inflammation modulation.-  Neuroprotective approach, microbiome therapy, and overcoming insulin resistance in the brain.- Nonpharmacological approaches: Brain stimulations, vagus nerve stimulation, magnetic and electrical transcranial stimulations.- Part 4. Alzheimer's drug development.- Understanding the potential targets of Alzheimer's disorder.- Upcoming nano and conventional drug delivery strategies for Alzheimer's disorder.- Animal models and ethics in the testing of drugs for Alzheimer's disorder.- Regulatory guidelines and approval process for drugs and formulations for AD.- Part 5. Future of Alzheimer's disorder.- Prevention and reduction of risk of AD: lifestyle changes, dietary changes, supplements, etc.- Natural medicines (phytoconstituents) and probiotics as the future of Alzheimer's Disorder.- Future barriers and possible solutions with recent advances in the field of Alzheimer's disease.

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