Medical specialties, branches of medicine Books

Book SynopsisDo you manage patients with prostate cancer? Could you use an expert guide examining all possible management options? Prostate Cancer: diagnosis and clinical management providesurologists and oncologists of all levels with up-to-date, evidence-based guidance to the diagnosis, treatment and clinical management of a disease which accounts for a quarter of all cancers affecting men. Designed to be as practical and accessible as possible, leading experts discuss key issues in prostate cancer management and examine how to deliver best practice in the clinical care of their patients. Topics covered include: What must be considered when counseling newly-diagnosed cancer patients Radical surgery options for prostate cancer Novel therapies for localized prostate cancer How should metastatic prostate cancer be diagnostic and managed What are the best methods of administering end of life caTable of ContentsContributors, vii Preface, x 1 Prostate Cancer Epidemiology, 1 Annie Darves-Bornoz, Joe Park, and Aaron Katz 2 Diagnosis and Screening, 16 Yiannis Philippou, Harveer Dev, and Prasanna Sooriakumaran 3 Understanding the Histopathology, 34 Jon Oxley 4 Markers in Prostate Cancer, 49 Philippa J. Cheetham 5 Imaging, 72 Jonathan Richenberg 6 Counseling the Patient with Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer, Stage by Stage, 116 Nicholas James Smith and William Richard Cross 7 Active Surveillance in the Management of Low-Risk Prostate Cancer, 136 L. Boccon-Gibod 8 Radical Surgery, 145 Adnan Ali and Ashutosh Tewari 9 Radiation Therapy in the Management of Prostate Cancer, 170 J. Conibear and P.J. Hoskin 10 Novel Therapies for Localized Prostate Cancer, 191 Massimo Valerio, Mark Emberton, Manit Arya, and Hashim U. Ahmed 11 Posttherapy Follow-up and First Intervention, 211 Ernesto R. Cordeiro, Anastasios Anastasiadis, Matias Westendarp, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, and Theo M. de Reijke 12 Managing Rising PSA in Naive and Posttherapy Patients, 230 George Thalmann and Martin Spahn 13 Diagnosis and Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer, 245 Bertrand Tombal and Frederic Lecouvet 14 New Therapies in Hormone Relapsed Disease, 265 Carmel Pezaro, Aurelius Omlin, Diletta Bianchini, and Johann de Bono 15 End of Life Care in Prostate Cancer, 287 John D. Graham 16 The Long Perspective: Prostate Cancer as a Chronic Disease, 298 Peter Whelan 17 The Future: What’s in the Toolkit for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment?, 313 Norman J. Maitland Index, 331 Color plate section can be found facing page 148

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers the latest bio-inspired materials synthesis techniques and biomedical applications that are advancing the field of tissue engineering. Bio-inspired concepts for biomedical engineering are at the forefront of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Introduction 1Sang Jin Lee and Anthony Atala Part I Engineering Bio-Inspired Material Microenvironments 5 Chapter 1 ECM-Inspired Chemical Cues: Biomimetic Molecules and Techniques of Immobilization 7Roger Y. Tam, Shawn C. Owen, and Molly S. Shoichet Chapter 2 Dynamic Materials Mimic Developmental and Disease Changes in Tissues 25Matthew G. Ondeck and Adam J. Engler Chapter 3 The Role of Mechanical Cues in Regulating Cellular Activities and Guiding Tissue Development 45Liming Bian Chapter 4 Contribution of Physical Forces on the Design of Biomimetic Tissue Substitutes 59Menekse Ermis, Erkan Türker Baran, Tuğba Dursun, Ezgi Antmen, and Vasif Hasirci Chapter 5 Cellular Responses to Bio-Inspired Engineered Topography 77Chelsea M. Kirschner, James F. Schumacher, and Anthony B. Brennan Chapter 6 Engineering The Mechanical and Growth Factor Signaling Roles of Fibronectin Fibrils 99Christopher A. Lemmon Chapter 7 Biologic Scaffolds Composed of Extracellular Matrix as a Natural Material for Wound Healing 111Elizabeth W. Kollar, Christopher L. Dearth, and Stephen F. Badylak Chapter 8 Bio-Inspired Integration of Natural Materials 125Albino Martins, Marta Alves da Silva, Ana Costa-Pinto, Rui L. Reis, and Nuno M. Neves Part II Bio-Inspired Tissue Engineering 151 Chapter 9 Bio-Inspired Design of Skin Replacement Therapies 153Dennis P. Orgill Chapter 10 Epithelial Engineering: From Sheets to Branched Tubes 161Hye Young Kim and Celeste M. Nelson Chapter 11 A Biomimetic Approach Toward The Fabrication of Epithelial-Like Tissue 175Hongjun Wang and Meng Xu Chapter 12 Nano- and Microstructured ECM and Biomimetic Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering 195Quentin Jallerat, John M. Szymanski, and Adam W. Feinberg Chapter 13 Strategies and Challenges for Bio-Inspired Cardiovascular Biomaterials 227Elaine L. Lee and Joyce Y. Wong Chapter 14 Evaluation of Bio-Inspired Materials for Mineralized Tissue Regeneration Using Type I Collagen Reporter Cells 259Liisa T. Kuhn, Emily Jacobs, and A. Jon Goldberg Chapter 15 Learning from Tissue Equivalents: Biomechanics and Mechanobiology 281David D. Simon and Jay D. Humphrey Chapter 16 Mimicking the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche by Biomaterials 309Eike Müller, Michael Ansorge, Carsten Werner, and Tilo Pompe Chapter 17 Engineering Immune Responses to Allografts 327Anthony W. Frei and Cherie L. Stabler Chapter 18 Immunomimetic Materials 357Jamal S. Lewis and Benjamin G. Keselowsky Index 371

Read more less

Book SynopsisAnti-aging skin care is an important part of dermatologic practice. The science behind the aging process has led to revolutionary changes in the treatment options available. Dermatologists can offer increasing numbers of combinations of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. As choice increases so the possibility of confusion arises.Table of ContentsList of Contributors, vii Preface, xi 1 Cosmeceuticals and Clinical Practice, 1 Patricia K. Farris Part I Development, Formulation and Evaluation of Cosmeceuticals, 9 2 Bench to Beauty Counter: Development of Cosmeceuticals, 11 Alexandra Kowcz, Guenther Schneider, Wolfgang Pape, and Teresa M. Weber 3 Evaluating Cosmeceuticals, 23 David H. McDaniel, Christina Steel, and Chris Mazur 4 Modalities for Increasing Penetration, 37 Zoe Diana Draelos 5 Nanopharmaceuticals and Nanocosmeceuticals, 45 Adnan Nasir 6 Cutaneous Barrier Function, Moisturizer Effects and Formulation, 55 Dee Anna Glaser and Adam R. Mattox Part II Cosmeceutical Ingredients, 67 7 Cosmeceutical Uses and Benefits of Alpha, Poly and Bionic Hydroxy Acids, 69 Barbara A. Green 8 Vitamin A: Retinoids and the Treatment of Aging Skin, 81 Dana L. Sachs and John J. Voorhees 9 Vitamin C Cosmeceuticals, 94 Marianne N. O’Donoghue and Patricia K. Farris 10 Niacinamide: A Topical Vitamin with Wide-Ranging Skin Appearance Benefits, 103 Diane S. Berson, John E. Oblong, Rosemarie Osborne, Tomohiro Hakozaki, Mary B. Johnson, and Donald L. Bissett 11 Innovative Botanicals, 113 Jennifer David, Candrice R. Heath, and Susan Taylor 12 Green Tea Extract, 122 Neil Houston and Alexa Boer Kimball 13 Soy and Oatmeal-Based Cosmeceuticals, 133 Jason Emer and Heidi A. Waldorf 14 Bioactive Peptides, 142 Katie Rodan, Kathy Fields, and Timothy Falla 15 Growth Factors in Cosmeceuticals, 153 Sabrina G. Fabi and Hema Sundaram 16 Resveratrol and Synthetic Sirtuin Activators, 165 Patricia K. Farris 17 Skin Aging, Glycation and Glycation Inhibitors, 173 Patricia K. Farris 18 Essential Ions and Bioelectricity in Skin Care, 184 Ying Sun, Elizabeth Bruning, Susan H. Weinkle, and Samantha Tucker-Samaras 19 Stem Cell Cosmeceuticals, 192 Mark V. Dahl 20 Cosmeceutical Applications from Marine Organisms, 200 Sung-Hwan Eom and Se-Kwon Kim Part III Practical Applications for Cosmeceuticals, 209 21 Cosmeceuticals for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris, 211 Joshua A. Zeichner 22 Cosmeceutical Skin Lighteners, 218 Marta I. Rendon, Yvette Vazquez, and Suzanne Micciantuono 23 Cosmeceuticals for Treating Cellulite, 226 Doris Hexsel and Camile L. Hexsel 24 Cosmeceuticals for Hair Loss and Hair Care, 234 Nicole E. Rogers 25 Cosmeceuticals for Treating and Preventing Scars, 245 Ellen Marmur and Katherine Nolan 26 Sun Protection and Self-Tanners, 252 Darrell S. Rigel 27 Cosmeceuticals for Rosacea and Facial Redness, 261 Doris Day 28 Cosmeceuticals for Enhancing Cosmetic Procedures, 268 Mary Lupo and Leah Jacob 29 The Future of Cosmeceuticals, 277 Patricia K. Farris Index, 283

Read more less

Book SynopsisPartnering for Recovery in Mental Health is a practical guide for conducting person and family-centered recovery planning with individuals with serious mental illnesses and their families. It is derived from the authors' extensive experience in articulating and implementing recovery-oriented practice and has been tested with roughly 3,000 providers who work in the field as well as with numerous post-graduate trainees in psychology, social work, nursing, and psychiatric rehabilitation. It has consistently received highly favorable evaluations from health care professionals as well as people in recovery from mental illness. This guide represents a new clinical approach to the planning and delivery of mental health care. It emerges from the mental health recovery movement, and has been developed in the process of the efforts to transform systems of care at the local, regional, and national levels to a recovery orientation. It will be an extremely useful tool for plaTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Module 1: What is mental health recovery and how does it relate to person-centered care planning? 1 Module 2: Key principles and practices of person-centered care planning 23 Module 3: Preparing for the journey: Understanding various types of recovery plans and orienting participants to the PCCP process 53 Module 4: Strength-based assessment, integrated understanding, and setting priorities 71 Module 5: Creating the plan through a team meeting 91 Module 6: Documentation of PCCP: Writing the plan to honor the person AND satisfy the chart 113 Module 7: So you have a person-centered care plan, now what? Plan implementation and quality monitoring 147 Module 8: PCCP implementation: Common concerns and person-centered responses 181 Index 201

Read more less

Book SynopsisLung function assessment is the central pillar of modern respiratory diagnosis, providing invaluable information to assist in clinical decision making and management strategies.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors vii Forewords ix Preface xi Acknowledgement xiii 1 General features of interpretation and report writing 1 2 Spirometry 13 3 Static lung volumes 37 4 Carbon monoxide transfer factor: single breath method 53 5 Tests of respiratory muscle strength 79 6 Bronchial provocation tests 99 7 The importance of quality tests 117 8 When the results do not fit the rules 139 Glossary 161 Index 165

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis cutting edge book provides all the important aspects dealing with the basic science involved in materials in biomedical technology, especially structure and properties, techniques and technological innovations in material processing and characterizations, as well as the applications.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. 1D~3D Nano-engineered Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications 1 Hui Chen, Xiaokang Li and Yanan Du 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 3D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 2 1.3 Structural and Functional Modification 6 1.4 Properties of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application 8 1.5 Applications of NPs 10 1.6 2D Nanomaterials Towards Biomedical Applications 15 1.7 1D Nanomaterial Towards Biomedical Applications 21 1.8 Conclusion 28 References 28 2. Porous Biomaterials 35 Nasim Annabi 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Porosity and Pore Architecture of Biomaterial Scaffolds 36 2.3 Methods to Measure Porosity and Pore Size 38 2.4 Porosity Generation Techniques 39 2.5 Summary 60 References 61 3. Bioactive and Biocompatible Polymeric Composites Based on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate 67 Joseph M. Antonucci and Drago Skrtic 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Experimental Approach 75 3.3 Results and Discussion 91 3.4 Concluding Remarks/Future Directions 108 Acknowledgements 109 References 109 Appendix 1. List of Acronyms used Throughout the Proposal 117 4. Calcium Phosphates and Nanocrystalline Apatites for Medical Applications 121 Sunita Prem Victor and Chandra P. Sharma 4.1 Introduction 121 4.2 Chemistry of Calcium Phosphates 123 Contents vii 4.4 Properties of Calcium Orthophosphates 128 4.5 Biomedical Applications of Calcium Phosphates 133 4.6 Conclusion 138 References 138 5. SiO2 Particles with Functional Nanocrystals: Design and Fabrication for Biomedical Applications 145 Ping Yang 5.1 Introduction 145 5.2 Fabrication Methods of SiO2 Particles with NCs 156 5.3 Main Research Results for SiO2 Particles with NCs 170 5.4 Multifunctional SiO2 Particles for Biomedical Applications 229 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook 243 Acknowledgements 244 References 244 6. New Kind of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Application 253 Yufeng Zheng, Binbin Zhang, Benli Wang and Li Li 6.1 Introduction 253 6.2 Dental Cast Titanium Alloys 254 6.3 Low Modulus Titanium Alloys 262 6.4 Nickel Free Shape Memory Titanium Alloys 266 6.5 Summary 270 References 270 7. BMP-based Bone Tissue Engineering 273 Ziyad S Haidar and Murugan Ramalingam 7.1 Introduction 274 7.2 Challenges in Protein Therapy 277 7.3 BMP Delivery Requirements 279 7.4 BMP-specific Carrier Types and Materials 282 7.5 Summary 289 Acknowledgements 290 References 290 8. Impedance Sensing of Biological Processes in Mammalian Cells 293 Lamya Ghenim, Hirokazu Kaji, Matsuhiko Nishizawa, Xavier Gidrol 8.1 Introduction 293 8.2 Cell Attachment and Spreading Processes 295 8.3 Cell Motility 299 8.4 Apoptosis 302 8.5 Mitosis 303 8.6 Single Cell Analysis 303 8.7 Conclusion 307 References 307 9. Hydrogel Microbeads for Implantable Glucose Sensors 309 Yun Jung Heo and Shoji Takeuchi 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Fabrication Methods of Hydrogel Microbeads 311 9.3 Fluorescence-based Glucose Monitoring 318 9.4 Biocompatibility 325 9.5 Summary 328 References 328 10. Molecular Design of Multifunctional Polymers for Gene Transfection 333 Chao Lin, Bo Lou and Rong Jin 333 10.1 Introduction 333 10.2 Barriers to Non-viral Gene Delivery 335 10.3 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors for Efficient Gene Delivery 338 10.4 Molecular Design of Polymer Vectors with Low Cytotoxicity 348 10.5 Summary 354 Acknowledgements 355 Appendix: List of Abbreviations 355 References 355 11. Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels as Biomaterials 361 Hardeep Singh and Lakshmi S. Nair 11.1 Introduction 362 11.2 Injectable in situ Gelling Hydrogels 365 11.3 Clinical Applications of Hydrogels 369 11.4 Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications 370 11.5 Conclusions 393 References 393 12. Metal-polymer Hybrid Biomaterials with High Mechanical and Biological Compatibilities 399 Masaaki Nakai and Mitsuo Niinomi 12.1 Introduction 399 12.2 Fabrication Methods of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 401 12.3 Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 403 12.4 Biological Properties of Porous Titanium Filled with Medical Polymer 407 12.5 Summary 409 References 409

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Manual of Minor Oral Surgery for the General Dentist, Second Edition continues the aim of providing clear and practical guidance to common surgical procedures encountered in general practice.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix 1 Patient Evaluation and History Taking 1Dale A. Baur Andrew Bushey and Diana Jee-Hyun Lyu 2 Management of the Patient with Medical Comorbidities 11 David W. Lui and David C. Stanton 3 Minimal Sedation for Oral Surgery and Other Dental Procedures 23Kyle Kramer and Jeffrey Bennett 4 Surgical Extractions 37Daniel Oreadi 5 Third Molar Extractions 55George Blakey 6 Pre-prosthetic Oral Surgery 85Antonia Kolokythas Jason Jamali and Michael Miloro 7 Evaluation and Biopsy Technique for Oral Lesions 103Marianela Gonzalez Thomas C. Bourland and Cesar A. Guerrero 8 Surgical Implantology 113Alfonso Caiazzo and Frederico Brugnami 9 Hard-Tissue Augmentation for Dental Implants 127Pamela Hughes 10 Soft Tissue Surgery for Dental Implants 135Hussam Batal 11 Surgical Crown Lengthening 165Serge Dibart 12 Endodontic Periradicular Microsurgery 169Louay Abrass 13 Dentoalveolar Trauma 225Omar Abubaker and Din Lam 14 Orofacial Infections 237Thomas R. Flynn 15 Complications of Dentoalveolar Surgery 265Patrick J. Louis Index 295

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides cutting-edge advances in biologically inspired, biomimetically-designed materials and systems for developing the next generation of nanobiomaterials and tissue engineering Humans have been trying to learn biomimetics for centuries by mimicking nature and its behaviors and processes in order to develop novel materials, structures, devices, and technologies. The most substantial benefits of biomimetics will likely be in human medical applications, such as developing bioprosthetics that mimic real limbs and sensor-based biochips that interface with the human brain to assist in hearing and sight. Biomimetics: Advancing Nanobiomaterials and Tissue Engineering seeks to compile all aspects of biomimetics, from fundamental principles to current technological advances, along with future trends in the development of nanoscale biomaterials and tissue engineering. The book details research, useful in inspiring new ideas, that seeks the principles and Table of ContentsList of Contributors xvii Preface xix Acknowledgements xxi 1 Biomimetic Polysaccharides and Derivatives for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration 1 Ferdous Khan and Sheikh Rafi Ahmad 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Strategies for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 3 1.3 Designing Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 4 1.4 Natural Polysaccharides for Cartilage Tissue Engineering 8 1.5 Conclusions and Remarks on Prospects 17 References 18 2 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self-Assembled Mineralized Collagen-Based Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering 23 Xiumei Wang, Zhixu Liu and Fuzhai Cui 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Hierarchical Assembly of Mineralized CollagenFibrils in Natural Bone 25 2.3 Biomimetic Synthesis of Self-AssembledMineralized Fibrils 34 2.4 Applications of Mineralized Collagen-basedComposites for Bone Regeneration 40 2.5 Concluding Remarks 44 References 45 3 Biomimetic Mineralization of Hydrogel Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering 51 Timothy E.L. Douglas, Elzbieta Pamula andSander C.G. Leeuwenburgh 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Incorporation of Inorganic Calcium PhosphateNanoparticles into Hydrogels 52 3.3 Biomimetic Mineralization in Calcium and/orPhosphate-Containing Solutions 56 3.4 Enzymatically-Induced Mineralization UsingAlkaline Phosphatase (ALP) 58 3.5 Enhancement of Hydrogel MineralizationUsing Biomacromolecules 60 3.6 Conclusions 62 References 63 4 Biomimetic Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications 69 Robert J. Kane and Peter X. Ma 4.2 Self-Assembled Nanofiber Scaffolds 73 4.3 Electrospun Scaffolds 75 4.4 Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) Scaffolds 80 4.5 Overall Trends in Biomimetic Scaffold Design 84 References 85 5 Bioactive Polymers and Nanobiomaterials Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering 91 Ferdous Khan and Sheikh Rafi Ahmad 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic 3DPolymer-Nanocomposites Scaffolds 93 5.3 Nonbiodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites 96 5.4 Biodegradable Polymer and Nanocomposites 102 5.5 Conclusions and Future Remarks 112 References 6 Strategy for a Biomimetic paradigm in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Mona K. Mareil, Naglaa B. Nagy, Mona M. Saad, Samer H. Zaky, Rania M. Elbackly, Ahmad M. Eweida and Mohamed A. Alkhodary 6.1 Introduction 120 6.2 Biomimetics: Definition and Historical Background 121 6.3 Developmental Biology in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering: Biomimetics in Development and Growth (e.g. model of wound healing) 127 6.4 The Paradigm Shift in Tissue Engineering: Biomimetic Approaches to Stimulate Endogenous Repair and Regeneration 132 6.5 Extracellular Matrix Nano-Biomimetics for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering 136 6.6 Biomimetic Surfaces, Implications for Dental and Craniofacial Regeneration; Biomaterial as 6.7 Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, and Inosculation for Life-Sustained Regenerative Therapy; The Platform for Biomimicry in Dental and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering 143 6.8 Conclusion 149 Acknowledgements 150 References 150 7 Strategies to Prevent Bacterial Adhesion on Biomaterials 163 Indu Bajpai and Bikramjit Basu 7.1 Introduction 164 7.2 Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells 166 7.3 Closure 194 Acknowledgement 195 References 195 8 Nanostructured Selenium – A Novel Biologically-Inspired Material for Antibacterial Medical Device Applications 203 Qi Wang and Thomas J. Webster 8.1 Bacterial Biofilm Infections on Implant Materials 204 8.2 Nanomaterials for Antibacterial Implant Applications 206 8.3 Selenium and Nanostructured Selenium 208 8.4 Selenium Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Applications 209 8.5 Summary and Outlook 215 References 216 9 Hydroxyapatite-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres Toward Injectable Cell Scaffold 221 Syuji Fujii, Masahiro Okada and Tsutomu Furuzono 9.1 Introduction 222 9.2 Pickering Emulsion 223 9.3 Fabrication of HAp-Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres by Pickering Emulsion Method 226 9.4 Evaluation of Cell Adhesion Properties of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres 234 9.5 Application of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres as an Injectable Scaffold 235 9.6 Degradation Behavior of HAp-Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposite Microspheres 237 9.7 Conclusions 238 Acknowledgments 238 References 239 10 Biomimetic ECM Scaffolds Prepared from Cultured Cells 243 Guoping Chen, Hongxu Lu and Naoki Kawazoe 10.1 Introduction 243 10.2 Cultured Cell-Derived ECM Porous Scaffolds 245 10.3 Autologous ECM Scaffolds 247 10.4 Application of Cultured Cell-Derived ECM Scaffolds 249 10.5 Summary 250 References 251 11 Design and Synthesis of Photoreactive Polymers for Biomedical Applications 253 Ponnurengam Sivakumar Malliappan, Di Zhou, Tae Il Son2 and Yoshihiro Ito 11.1 Introduction 253 11.2 UV-Reactive Biological Polymers 254 11.3 UV-Reactive Synthetic Polymers 263 11.4 Visible Light-Reactive Biopolymer Systems 270 11.5 Conclusions 274 References 274 12 The Emerging Applications of Graphene Oxide and Graphene in Tissue Engineering 279 Samad Ahadian, Murugan Ramalingam and Ali Khademhosseini 12.1 Introduction 280 12.2 Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic GO/Graphene Materials 283 12.3 Graphene Oxide and its Cell and TE Applications 284 12.4 Graphene and Its Cell and TE Applications 287 12.5 Conclusions and Future Directions 292 Acknowledgement 295 References 295 13 Biomimetic Preparation and Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica 301 Qiang Cai 13.1 Introduction 302 13.2 Biomineralization and Biomimic Synthesis 302 13.3 Mesoporous Silica 306 13.4 Biomimic Preparation and Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica 312 13.5 Conclusion and Prospective 324 References 325 14 Biomimetic Materials for Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues 329 Kaarunya Sampathkumar, Azadeh Seidi, Alok Srivastava, T.S. Sampath Kumar, Seeram Ramakrishna and Murugan Ramalingam 14.1 Introduction 330 14.2 Fabrication of Biomimetic Materials 331 14.3 Surface Modification 335 14.4 Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues 337 14.5 Concluding Remarks 341 Acknowledgements 342 References

Read more less

Book SynopsisPediatric Urology: Surgical Complications and Management, 2nd edition focuses 100% on the most common problems that can occur during pediatric urologic surgery, and how best to resolve them, ensuring the best possible outcome for the patient.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xii Part I Principles of Surgical Audit 1 How to set up prospective surgical audit 3Andrew Sinclair and Ben Bridgewater 2 Evaluating personal surgical audit and what to do if your results are not “as expected” 9Andrew Sinclair and Ben Bridgewater 3 A critical assessment of surgical outcomes 14Paul Merguerian 4 Implications of a poor surgical outcome 28Robert Wheeler Part II General Principles 5 Endocrine and metabolic response to surgery and its management 37Maurizio Pacilli and Ian E. Willetts 6 Perioperative anesthetic and analgesic risks and complications 48Mark Thomas Philippa Evans and Finn Nesbitt Part III Open Surgery of the Upper Urinary Tract 7 Nephrectomy 63Kathryn Evans and Mark Woodward 8 Partial nephrectomy 69Jonathan S. Ellison and John M. Park 9 Ureteropelvic junction obstruction 76Amy Hou and Jenny H. Yiee 10 Complications of antirefl ux surgery 87Angela M. Arlen Anthony A. Caldamone and Andrew J. Kirsch 11 Ureteral surgery: ureteroureterostomy and transureteroureterostomy 96Joseph M. Gleason Job K. Chacko and Martin A. Koyle Part IV Surgery of the Bladder 12 Complications: epispadias and bladder exstrophy 107Ardavan Akhavan Ahmad Elderwy and Richard Grady 13 Umbilical and urachal anomalies 116Paul F. Austin Part V Endoscopic Surgery of the Urinary Tract 14 Cystoscopy and cystoscopic interventions 125Divyesh Y. Desai and Neil C. Featherstone 15 Interventional procedures of the genitourinary tract 138Dimitri A. Parra 16 Minimally invasive interventions for stone disease 147Naima Smeulders and Shabnam Undre 17 General laparoscopy 161Chris Kimber and Nathalie Webb 18 Complications of laparoscopic surgery of the upper urinary tract 167Walid A. Farhat and Elias Wehbi 19 Complications of laparoscopic surgery of the lower urinary tract 177Paul H. Noh 20 Complications of robotic surgery of the urinary tract 182Kelly A. Swords and Craig A. Peters Part VI Genitalia 21 Hernia and hydrocele repair 193Henrik Steinbrecher and Marie-Klaire Farrugia 22 Orchidopexy and orchidectomy 200Kim A. R. Hutton and Ahmed A. Darwish 23 Laparoscopic orchidopexy 216Janelle A. Fox Steven G. Docimo and Michael C. Ost 24 Varicocele 234Ramnath Subramaniam 25 Complications of newborn circumcision: prevention diagnosis and treatment 245Andrew L. Freedman and Richard S. Hurwitz 26 Surgical complications of hypospadias and their management 259Warren T. Snodgrass and Nicol C. Bush 27 Phalloplasty for the biological male 270Piet Hoebeke Nicolaas Lumen and Stan Monstrey 28 Complications of female genital surgery and disorders of sex development I 281Lina Michala and Sarah M. Creighton 29 Complications of female genital surgery and disorders of sex development II 288Joao L. Pippi Salle and Rodrigo L. P. Romao 30 Persistent cloaca 298Stephanie A. Warne Part VII Renal Impairment Surgery 31 Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis 307Alun Williams 32 Kidney transplantation 315Alun Williams 33 Wilms tumor and other renal tumors 325Mark Tyson and Michael Ritchey 34 Rhabdomyosarcoma and related pelvic tumors of the genitourinary tract 332Miriam Harel and Fernando Ferrer 35 Testicular tumors 341Lynn L. Woo and Jonathan H. Ross Part IX Trauma 36 Genital trauma 355David J. Chalmers and Vijaya M. Vemulakonda 37 Urinary tract trauma 364W. Robert DeFoor Jr Ashok Rijhwani and Eugene Minevich Part X Surgery for Urinary Incontinence 38 Augmentation cystoplasty and diversion 377Blake W. Palmer and Bradley P. Kropp 39 Appendicovesicostomy and ileovesicostomy 384Martin Kaefer 40 Surgery for fecal incontinence 398Elizabeth Malm-Buatsi and Dominic Frimberger 41 Surgical problems in transitional care 404Dan Wood Index 413

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiomedical Devices: Design, Prototyping, and Manufacturing features fundamental discussions of all facets of materials processing and manufacturing processes across a wide range of medical devices and artificial tissues. Represents the first compilation of information on the design, prototyping, and manufacture of medical devices into one volume Offers in-depth coverage of medical devices, beginning with an introductory overview through to the design, manufacture, and applications Features examples of a variety of medical applications of devices, including biopsy micro forceps, micro-needle arrays, wrist implants, spinal spacers, and fixtures Provides students, doctors, scientists, and technicians interested in the development and applications of medical devices the ideal reference source Table of ContentsCONTRIBUTORS ix FOREWORD xi 1 Overview 1Joaquim De Ciurana Gay, Tu¢grul Özel, and Lidia Serenó 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Need for Medical Devices, 7 1.3 Technology Contribution to Medical Devices, 12 1.3.1 Subtractive Technologies, 13 1.3.2 Net-Shape Technologies, 13 1.3.3 Additive Technologies, 14 1.4 Challenges in the Medical Device Industry, 16 References, 17 2 Design Issues in Medical Devices 23Inés Ferrer, Jordi Grabalosa, Alex Elias-Zuñiga, and Ciro Angel Rodriguez 2.1 Medical Device Development (MDD), 23 2.1.1 Biomedical Product Life Cycle, 24 2.1.2 Medical Device Development Process, 27 2.1.3 Medical Devices’ Design Process, 28 2.2 Case Study, 30 2.2.1 Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament, 30 2.2.2 Conceptual Design, 32 2.2.3 Embodiment Design, 35 2.2.4 Detailed Design, 36 2.2.5 Manufacturing a Prototype, 36 2.2.6 Tracheal Stent, 38 2.2.7 Conceptual Design, 39 2.2.8 Embodiment Design and Detail Design, 43 2.2.9 Manufacturing a Prototype, 45 2.3 Conclusions, 45 References, 46 3 Forming Applications 49Karen Baylón, Elisabetta Ceretti, Claudio Giardini, and Maria Luisa Garcia-Romeu 3.1 Forming, 49 3.2 Typical Process Parameters, 52 3.2.1 Temperature, 52 3.2.2 Flow Stress, 53 3.2.3 Strain, 53 3.2.4 Strain Rate, 54 3.2.5 Tribology and Micro-Tribology, 54 3.3 Manufacturing Process Chain, 55 3.3.1 Manufacture of Alloys and Raw Materials, 55 3.3.2 Forming, 56 3.3.3 Machining and Finishing, 56 3.3.4 Coating, 56 3.3.5 Packaging and Sterilization, 56 3.4 Implantable Devices, 56 3.5 Bone Implants, 57 3.5.1 External Fracture Fixation, 57 3.5.2 Artificial Joint Replacement, 58 3.5.3 Spinal Implants, 68 3.5.4 Craniomandibular Implants, 68 3.5.5 Dental Implants, 71 3.6 Other Biomedical Applications, 73 References, 74 4 Laser Processing Applications 79Tu¢grul Özel, Joaquim De Ciurana Gay, Daniel Teixidor Ezpeleta, and Luis Criales 4.1 Introduction, 79 4.2 Microscale Medical Device Applications, 80 4.3 Processing Methods for Medical Device Fabrication, 82 4.4 Biomaterials Used in Medical Devices, 86 4.5 Microjoining of Similar and Dissimilar Materials, 86 4.6 Laser Micromachining for Microfluidics, 89 4.7 Laser Micromachining for Metallic Coronary Stents, 92 References, 94 5 Machining Applications 99Tu¢grul Özel, Elisabetta Ceretti, Thanongsak Thepsonthi, and Aldo Attanasio 5.1 Introduction, 99 5.2 Machinability of Biocompatible Metal Alloys, 102 5.3 Surfaces Engineering of Metal Implants, 104 5.4 Wear and Failure of Metal Implants, 105 5.5 Micromilling-Based Fabrication of Metallic Microchannels for Medical Devices, 106 5.6 Machining-Based Fabrication of Polymeric Microneedle Devices, 109 5.7 A Case Study: Milling-Based Fabrication of Spinal Spacer Cage, 110 5.7.1 Degenerative Disc Disease, 112 5.7.2 Intervertebral Spinal Spacers, 113 5.7.3 Prototype Fabrication Using Milling Process, 115 References, 118 6 Inkjet- and Extrusion-Based Technologies 121Karla Monroy, Lidia Serenó, Joaquim De Ciurana Gay, Paulo Jorge Bártolo, Jorge Vicente Lopes Da Silva, and Marco Domingos 6.1 Introduction, 121 6.2 Inkjet Technology, 124 6.2.1 Inkjet 3D Printing Technology, 125 6.2.2 Materials in Inkjet-Based Technologies, 128 6.2.3 Inkjet Printing Methods, 130 6.2.4 Inkjet Printing Systems: Processes and Machines, 131 6.2.5 Medical Applications of Inkjet Technology, 135 6.3 Material Extrusion Technology, 139 6.3.1 Material Extrusion—General Principles, 139 6.3.2 Extrusion-Based Technologies, 144 6.3.3 Medical Applications of Extrusion-Based Systems, 153 References, 156 7 Certification for Medical Devices 161Corrado Paganelli, Marino Bindi, Laura Laffranchi, Domenico Dalessandri, Stefano Salgarello, Antonio Fiorentino, Giuseppe Vatri, and Arne Hensten 7.1 Introduction, 161 7.2 The Medical Devices Approval, Registration, or Certification, 163 7.3 The Premarket Key Activity: The Demonstration of the Conformity to the Safety and Performance Requirements, 163 7.4 The Postmarket Key Activity: The Surveillance, 165 7.5 The Role of the Quality Management Systems, 165 7.6 The Verification and the Auditing, 166 7.7 The Role of the Standards, 167 7.8 Examples of Approbation/Certification Roads in Some World Areas, 168 7.8.1 European Union, 168 7.8.2 United States of America, 168 7.8.3 Japan, 168 7.8.4 Australia, 169 7.8.5 Brazil, 169 7.8.6 Canada, 169 7.9 In-Depth Studies, 170 7.9.1 Essentials of Safety and Performance Principles, 170 7.9.2 Essentials of the Risk Management, 174 7.9.3 Essentials of the Nonclinical Evaluation, 175 7.9.4 Essentials of the Clinical Evaluation, 178 References, 181 INDEX 183

Read more less

Book SynopsisThoroughly and systematically presents the state-of-the-art in the diagnostic uses of radiologic imaging and nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and management of infectious and inflammatory diseases Although our understanding of microorganisms has advanced significantly and antimicrobial therapy has become increasingly available, infection remains a major cause of patient morbidity and mortality. Imaging of infection and inflammation provides a classic example of radiology and nuclear medicine's strengths as well as weaknesses in the discovery and diagnosis of disease. Fortunately, the weaknesses are subsiding as new studies and techniques point to better planning and precision in the use of single and combined imaging modalities. Diagnostic Imaging of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases: A Multidisciplinary Approach deals with the very latest developments in the use of radiologic techniques and modalities in the management of patients with a host of infectiousTable of ContentsList of Contributors, vii Foreword, ix Preface, x Part I Infections and Host Response 1 Epidemiology of Infections in the New Century, 3 Nicola Petrosillo 2 Bacterial Osteomyelitis: The Clinician’s Point of View, 15 Ilker Uçkay, Nicolas Christian Buchs, Khalid Seghrouchni, Mathieu Assal, Pierre Hoffmeyer and Daniel Lew Part II Radiological Imaging 3 Radiological Imaging of Osteomyelitis, 29 Jenny T. Bencardino, Zoraida Restrepo-Velez, Randall Bujan and Diego Jaramillo 4 Radiological Imaging of Spine Infection, 54 Ana María Quintero and Roy Riascos 5 Radiological Imaging of Soft Tissue Infections, 75 Carolina Whittle and Giancarlo Schiappacasse 6 Radiological Imaging of Abdominal Infections and Inflammatory Disease, 91 Carolina Whittle, Giancarlo Schiappacasse and Francesca Maccioni 7 Radiological Imaging of Vascular Graft Infection, 118 Alejandro Romero, Tobias Zander, Jorge Lopera, Sergi Quiroga and Manuel Maynar 8 Radiological Imaging of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodefi ciency Virus, 135 Jorge Carrillo Part III Nuclear Medicine Imaging 9 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infections: Techniques, Acquisition Protocols and Interpretation Criteria, 149 Alberto Signore 10 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Osteomyelitis: White Blood Cell, Monoclonal Antibody, or Bacterial Imaging?, 168 Christopher J. Palestro 11 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Spondylodiscitis: The Emerging Role of PET, 187 Elena Lazzeri, Paola Anna Erba, Martina Sollini and Giuliano Mariani 12 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Soft Tissue Infections, 199 Bárbara Morales Klinkert 13 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases of the Abdomen, 216 Josep Martín Comín, Alba Rodríguez Gasén and Christophe Van de Wiele 14 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Vascular Graft Infection: The Added Role of Hybrid Imaging, 241 Ora Israel 15 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, 255 Mike Sathekge, Christophe Van de Wiele and Alberto Signore 16 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Fever of Unknown Origin, 273 François-Xavier Hanin and François Jamar 17 Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Inflammatory Diseases, 291 Marco Chianelli, Gaurav Malviya, Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans and Alberto Signore Index, 323

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe misuse of alcohol presents both individual physical and psychological problems as well as wider social consequences. Alcohol misuse is a frequent cause of attendance in accident and emergency departments and an underlying factor in a range of long term and chronic conditions commonly treated and managed within primary care settings.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix 1 Alcohol use: Consumption and costs 1Peter McGovern and Eric Appleby 2 Alcohol use: Society and politics 7Peter McGovern and Eric Appleby 3 Alcohol in the body 12Alex Paton and Anne McCune 4 Definitions 15Alex Paton 5 The nature of alcohol use disorders 19John B. Saunders 6 The detection of alcohol use disorders 25John B. Saunders 7 Medical problems 33Alex Paton 8 Problems in the Emergency Department – and their solutions 37Zulfiquar Mirza and Robin Touquet 9 Alcohol and the young person 42William Christian, Sian Veysey and Anne Frampton 10 Alcohol and the older person 46Jarrod Richards and Rachel Bradley 11 Alcohol and the liver 50Anne McCune 12 Surgical problems 56James S. Huntley 13 Alcohol, maxillofacial trauma and prevention of personal violence 61Jonathan Shepherd and Paul Jordan 14 Neurological and neurosurgical complications of alcohol 64Jane Alty and Jeremy Cosgrove 15 Alcohol and cancer 69Sarah L. Williams 16 Alcohol and the heart 74Nitin Kumar, Yasmin Ismail and Julian Strange 17 Drug–alcohol interactions 79Dan Harris 18 Management of acute unplanned alcohol withdrawal 84Adrian Brown and Anne McCune 19 The role of alcohol care teams in district general hospitals 89Kieran J. Moriarty 20 Management in primary care 95Carsten Grimm 21 Advice and counselling 99Nicola Taylor 22 Psychological treatment and relapse prevention 102Nicola Taylor 23 Alcohol and psychiatry 105Nicola Taylor 24 Other resources, and alcohol and the doctor 109Nicola Taylor Index 000

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow do you help a dermatological patient with a psychological reaction? How do you differentiate psychological causes from true skin disease? This book deals with these challenges that ask dermatologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and other health care specialists to collaborate.Trade Review“Concise, well-organized, and approachable, Practical Psychodermatology will prove to be a useful reference for any dermatologist seeking to improve or solidify their management of the skin-psyche interface.” (Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1 May 2015) “Overall this was a fascinating book, containing a vast amount of information and practical suggestions for managing complicated patients.” (British Journal of Dermatology, 1 May 2015) Table of ContentsContributors, vii Foreword, xi Preface, xiii Section 1: Introduction 1 Introduction, 3Anthony Bewley, Michelle Magid, Jason S. Reichenberg and Ruth E. Taylor 2 History and examination, 11Ruth E. Taylor, Jason S. Reichenberg, Michelle Magid and Anthony Bewley Section 2: Management in psychodermatology 3 Psychopharmacology in psychodermatology, 21Sussann Kotara, Michelle Magid and Maureen Burrows 4 Adherence in the treatment of chronic skin diseases, 33Laura F. Sandoval, Christine S. Ahn and Steven R. Feldman 5 Psychological assessment and interventions for people with skin disease, 40Reena B. Shah 6 Risk and risk management in psychodermatology, 50William H. Reid and Simon Kirwin 7 Self-help for management of psychological distress associated with skin conditions, 60Andrew R. Thompson 8 Habit reversal therapy: a behavioural approach to atopic eczema and other skin conditions, 66Christopher Bridgett 9 Nursing interventions in psychodermatology, 72Fiona Cowdell and Steven Ersser Section 3: Skin diseases with secondary psychiatric disorders 10 Psychological impact of hair loss, 81Paul Farrant and Sue McHale 11 Psoriasis and psychodermatology, 90Christine Bundy, Lis Cordingley and Chris Griffi ths 12 Living well with a skin condition: what it takes, 97Henrietta Spalding, Wendy Eastwood, Krysia Saul and Susan Bradbrooke 13 Chronic skin disease and anxiety, depression and other affective disorders, 104Steven Reid and Wojtek Wojcik Section 4: Psychiatric disorders with secondary skin manifestations 14 Delusional infestation, 117Peter Lepping, Roland Freudenmann and Markus Huber 15 Body dysmorphic disorder, 127Emma Baldock and David Veale 16 Pickers, pokers, and pullers: obsessive-compulsive and related disorders in dermatology, 134Jonathan S. Abramowitz and Ryan J. Jacoby 17 Factitious skin disorder (dermatitis artefacta), 142Jonathan Millard and Leslie Millard Section 5: Cutaneous sensory (pain) disorders 18 Medically unexplained symptoms and health anxieties: somatic symptom and related disorders, 153Angharad Ruttley, Audrey Ng and Anna Burnside 19 Dysesthetic syndromes, 164Sara A. Hylwa, Mark D.P. Davis and Mark R. Pittelkow 20 Chronic idiopathic mucocutaneous pain syndromes: vulvodynia, penodynia, and scrotodynia, 173Peter J. Lynch and Libby Edwards 21 Burning mouth syndrome, 180Alison Bruce, Rochelle R. Torgerson, Cooper C. Wriston and Tania M. Gonzalez Santiago 22 Nodular prurigo, 186Wei Sheng Tan, Hong Liang Tey and Mark B.Y. Tang Section 6: Special populations and situations 23 Child and adolescent psychodermatology, 197Birgit Westphal and Osman Malik 24 Psychodermato-oncology: psychological reactions to skin cancer, 206Andrew G. Affleck and Lesley Howells 25 Botulinum toxin treatment in depression, 216M. Axel Wollmer, Michelle Magid and Tillmann H.C. Kruger 26 The Morgellons debate, 220Jason S. Reichenberg and Michelle Magid 27 Substance misuse and the dermatology patient, 224Alexander Verner Glossary, 231 Appendix: Screening questionnaires and scales, 238 Index, 268

Read more less

Book SynopsisCoauthored by the premier expert on autism in the United States and an experienced academic and practicing pediatrician, this volume provides concise and practical information based on the most up-to-date research and clinical experience for primary care givers around the world.Table of ContentsPREFACE vii CHAPTER 1 What Is Autism: Diagnostic Concepts, Causes, and Current Research 1 CHAPTER 2 Screening and Diagnostic Assessment 25 CHAPTER 3 Approaches to Providing Medical Care 49 CHAPTER 4 Frequent Medical Conditions and Problems 67 CHAPTER 5 Overview of Educational Programs and Interventions 93 CHAPTER 6 Securing Services 121 CHAPTER 7 Autism in Infants and Preschool Children 145 CHAPTER 8 School-Age Children 171 CHAPTER 9 Adolescents and Adults 201 CHAPTER 10 Behavioral and Psychiatric Problems: Issues and Interventions 219 CHAPTER 11 Considering Medications for Behavior and Mental Health Problems 245 CHAPTER 12 Considering Complementary and Alternative Treatments 271 CHAPTER 13 Supporting Families 291 APPENDIX 1 Diagnostic Descriptions and Criteria for Autism and Related Pervasive Developmental Disorders 309 APPENDIX 2 Understanding School and Specialist Assessment 315 GLOSSARY 331 INDEX 339

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first book-length treatment of this absolutely essential topic, Health Care Reform in Radiology provides a cogent, concise discussion of major issues related to health care reform from the perspective of fellow imaging specialists.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface viii 1 Health Care Reform: The Scope of the Problem 1Richard C. Semelka, Diane Armao, and Jorge Elias Jr 2 Only Studies Which are Necessary 6Diane Armao, Jorge Elias Jr, and Richard C. Semelka 3 Radiation Dose Reduction 22Jorge Elias Jr and Richard C. Semelka 4 Alternate Imaging Studies To CT 36Jorge Elias Jr, Lauren M. B. Burke, and Richard C. Semelka 5 Patient Information 64Jorge Elias Jr and Richard C. Semelka 6 Are we Doing the Right Study? 86Diane Armao, Jorge Elias Jr, and Richard C. Semelka 7 Radiology Medical Education 115Jorge Elias Jr and Richard C. Semelka 8 Quality Metrics for Radiology Practice 123Richard C. Semelka and Jorge Elias Jr 9 Medicolegal Reform 140Jorge Elias Jr and Richard C. Semelka 10 Pressures on Reduced Compensation For Clinical Service 151Jorge Elias Jr and Richard C. Semelka 11 National Health Care Systems 159Jorge Elias Jr, Lauren M. B. Burke, and Richard C. Semelka 12 Research In Radiology 170Richard C. Semelka, Michael Brand, Michael Uder, Michael A. Kuefner, John Stonestreet and Jorge Elias Jr Subject index 195 Color Plate Section can be Found Facing Page 184

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition ix Preface to the First Edition xi List of Contributors xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 Introduction to the Clinical Process 1 1.1 Essential Elements of the Clinical Process 1 1.2 Quality Management in the Clinical Process 2 1.3 Patient–Doctor Communication in the Clinical Process 3 1.4 Characteristics of the Patient–Doctor Relationship 6 1.5 Documentation of the Clinical Process 6 1.6 Designations and Abbreviations 10 1.7 Summary 18 Suggested Reading 18 2 The Historical Profile 19 2.1 Patient Identification 20 2.2 Chief Complaint (Problem) 20 2.3 Dental History 21 2.4 Medical History 21 2.5 Family History 22 2.6 Social History 22 2.7 Review of Organ Systems 23 2.8 Summary 35 Suggested Reading 36 3 Basic Procedures in Physical Examination 39 3.1 Inspection 39 3.2 Palpation 53 3.3 Percussion 53 3.4 Auscultation 54 3.5 Olfaction 54 3.6 Evaluation of Function 54 3.7 Summary 61 Suggested Reading 61 4 Examination of the Head and Neck 63 4.1 Examine the Head and Face 63 4.2 Examine the Ears and Temporomandibular Joints 98 4.3 Examine the Nose 99 4.4 Examine the Eyes 101 4.5 Examine the Hair 106 4.6 Examine the Neck 109 4.7 Examine the Lymph Nodes 113 4.8 Conclusion 116 Suggested Reading 117 5 Examination of the Oral Cavity 123 5.1 Examine the Vermilion of the Lips 123 5.2 Examine the Labial and Buccal Mucosa 131 5.3 Examine the Hard Palate 142 5.4 Examine the Soft Palate and Tonsillar Area 149 5.5 Examine the Tongue 152 5.6 Examine the Glossopharyngeal (IX) and Vagus (X) Nerves 157 5.7 Examine the Floor of the Mouth 158 5.8 Examine the Gingivae 161 5.9 Examine the Teeth 168 5.10 Summary 171 Suggested Reading 172 6 Radiographic Examination 177 6.1 Radiographic Examination of the New Patient 178 6.2 Radiographic Examination of the Recall Patient 179 6.3 Introduction to Radiographic Interpretation 180 6.4 Radiographic Manifestations of Common Conditions 181 6.5 Conclusion 201 Suggested Reading 201 7 Laboratory Methods 203 7.1 Hematology Screening 204 7.2 Evaluation of Hemostasis 205 7.3 Biochemical Tests 208 7.4 Tissue Studies 211 7.5 Summary 214 Suggested Reading 214 8 Diagnostic and Treatment Planning Considerations for Orofacial Pain 215 8.1 Subjective Information 216 8.2 Objective Findings 217 8.3 Plan: Treatment Options 221 8.4 Summary 224 Suggested Reading 224 9 Evidence-Based Treatment Planning in Restorative Dentistry 227 9.1 Historical Perspective 227 9.2 Etiology of Dental Caries 228 9.3 Caries Lesion Detection, Assessment and Diagnosis 230 9.4 Primary Caries Lesion Diagnosis and Risk Assessment 234 9.5 Developing a Minimally Invasive Evidence-Based Treatment Plan Predicated on Caries Risk 235 9.6 Diagnosis and Treatment of Root Caries Lesions 241 9.7 Clinical Detection and Diagnosis of Secondary or Recurrent Caries Lesions 242 9.8 Repair Versus Replacement of Direct Restorations 243 9.9 Summary 244 Suggested Reading 244 10 Periodontal and Peri-Implant Examination 249 10.1 Periodontal Evaluation 250 10.2 Establishing a Periodontal Diagnosis 256 10.3 Basic Principles of Periodontal Treatment Planning 262 10.4 Peri-Implant Examination and Diagnosis 264 10.5 Summary 264 References 265 11 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 269 11.1 Introduction 269 11.2 Medical History 270 11.3 Chief Complaint (CC) 270 11.4 History of Present Illness (HPI) 270 11.5 Past Medical History 271 11.6 Past Surgical History 271 11.7 Medications 271 11.8 Allergies 271 11.9 Social History 272 11.10 Last Meal 272 11.11 Review of Systems (ROS) 272 11.12 Physical Examination 272 11.13 Medical Status 275 11.14 Anesthesia Requirements 276 References 294 12 Endodontic Evaluation 295 12.1 Introduction 295 12.2 Pulp Status 297 12.3 Periradicular Status 299 12.4 Imaging Assessment 302 12.5 Additional Clinical Evaluations 303 12.6 Diagnosis 304 12.7 Endodontic Treatment Planning 306 12.8 Concluding Remarks 311 References 311 13 Prosthodontic Restoration 313 13.1 Documenting Patient Health Histories 313 13.2 Documenting Clinical, Radiographic, and Photographic Findings 315 13.3 Designing Prosthodontic Treatment Plans 320 13.4 Summary 338 References 340 14 Exam, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Pediatric Patients 343 14.1 The Complete History and Examination 343 14.2 Diagnosis 360 14.3 Treatment Planning 361 14.4 Risk Based, Age Appropriate Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 370 Recommended Textbooks and Additional Reading 384 References 384 15 Orthodontics for the General Practitioner 387 15.1 Introduction to Orthodontics 387 15.2 Diagnosis and Malocclusion Classification 388 15.3 Orthodontic Interventions Commonly Accomplished by the General Practitioner 399 15.4 Management of the Mixed Dentition 402 Recommended Resources and Textbooks 404 References 404 16 Putting It All Together 407 16.1 Rational Approach to Treatment Planning 407 16.2 Putting It All Together 410 16.3 Presentation of the Treatment Plan 411 16.4 Consultations and Referrals 412 16.5 Conclusion 413 Suggested Reading 414 Index 415

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs its title suggests, this innovative book has been written for life scientists needing to analyse their data sets, and programmers, wanting a better understanding of the types of experimental images life scientists investigate on a regular basis. Each chapter presents one self-contained biomedical experiment to be analysed. Part I of the book presents its two basic ingredients: essential concepts of image analysis and Matlab. In Part II, algorithms and techniques are shown as series of recipes or solved examples that show how specific techniques are applied to a biomedical experiments like Western Blots, Histology, Scratch Wound Assays and Fluoresence. Each recipe begins with simple techniques that gradually advance in complexity. Part III presents some advanced techniques for the generation of publication quality figures. The book does not assume any computational or mathematical expertise. A practical, clearly-written introduction to biomedical image analysis that provides the tools for life scientists and engineers to use when solving problems in their own laboratories. Presents the basic concepts of MATLAB software and uses it throughout to show how it can execute flexible and powerful image analysis programs tailored to the specific needs of the problem. Within the context of four biomedical cases, it shows algorithms and techniques as series of recipes, or solved examples that show how a particular technique is applied in a specific experiment. Companion website containing example datasets, MATLAB files and figures from the book. Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgements ix About the Companion Website xi 1 The Basic Ingredients 1 1.1 The Matlab Environment 1 1.2 Introduction to Matlab 3 1.3 Operations with Matrices 7 1.4 Combining Matrices 10 1.5 Addressing a Matrix 13 1.6 Mathematical Functions and Graphical Display 17 1.7 Random Numbers 23 1.8 Statistics in Matlab 26 1.9 Displaying Two-Dimensional Matrices 29 1.10 Scripts Functions and Shortcuts 37 1.11 Using Help 43 2 Introduction to Images 45 2.1 An Image as a Matrix 45 2.2 Reading Images 46 2.3 Displaying Images 49 2.4 Colormap 54 2.5 Thresholding and Manipulating Values of Images 59 2.6 Converting Images into Doubles 68 2.7 Save Your Code and Data 69 3 Introduction to Colour 71 3.1 Mixing and Displaying Colours 71 4 Western Blots 79 4.1 Recipe 1: Many Ways to Display a Western Blot 80 4.2 Recipe 2: Investigating the Numbers That Make a Western Blot 93 4.3 Recipe 3: Image Histograms 97 4.4 Recipe 4: Transforming an Image of a Western Blot 104 4.5 Recipe 5: Quantification of the Data 111 4.6 Recipe 6: Investigating Position of Bands 121 5 Scratch Wound Assays 135 5.1 Analysis of Scratch Wound Assays 135 5.2 Recipe 1: Low Pass Filtering ScratchWound Assays in the Spatial Domain 139 5.3 Recipe 2: High Pass Filtering ScratchWound Assays in the Spatial Domain 143 5.4 Recipe 3: Combining Filters and Morphological Operations 154 5.5 Recipe 4: Sensitivy to Thresholds and Hysteresis Thresholding 161 5.6 Recipe 5: Morphological Operators 167 5.7 Recipe 6: Measuring Distances Between Cellular Boundaries 178 5.8 Recipe 7: Introduction to Fourier Analysis 187 5.9 Recipe 8: Filtering Scratch Wound Assays in the Fourier Domain 201 References 213 6 Bright Field Microscopy 215 6.1 Recipe 1: Changing the Brightness and Contrast of an Image 215 6.2 Recipe 2: Shading Correction: Estimation of Shading Component as a Plane 224 6.3 Recipe 3: Estimation of Shading Component with Filters Morphological Operators and Envelopes 235 6.4 Recipe 4: Mosaicking and Stitching 247 6.5 Recipe 5: Pixel Intensity and Histograms in Immunohistochemistry 261 6.6 Recipe 6: Hue-Saturation-Value 271 6.7 Recipe 7: Multidimensional Histograms 278 Reference 289 7 Fluorescence Microscopy 291 7.1 Recipe 1: Separating and Combining Colour Channels 294 7.2 Recipe 2: Investigating the Scaling of Values 298 7.3 Recipe 3: Automatic Threshold Selection 301 7.4 Recipe 4: Measuring Absolute and Relative Areas 304 7.5 Recipe 5: Counting Nuclei 305 7.6 Recipe 6: Quantification of Region Properties Beyond the Area 308 7.7 Recipe 7: Dividing an Image into Regions 310 7.8 Recipe 8: Batch Processing and Montages 316 7.9 Recipe 9: A Myriad of Measurements 327 References 341 8 Creating Publication-Quality Figures from Matlab 343 8.1 Recipe 1: Modifying the Characteristics of the Figures 344 8.2 Recipe 2: Numerous Plots in One Figure 352 8.3 Recipe 3: Three-Dimensional Ribbons with Different Annotations 362 8.4 Recipe 4: Three-Dimensional Graphics 378 8.5 Recipe 5: Projections 388 8.6 Recipe 6: Four-Dimensional Data Set Explored 391 Index 401

Read more less

Book SynopsisImprove your dermatological diagnostic accuracy. The most efficient method in the diagnosis of skin diseases is the combined validation of clinical and histopathological features. The results of biopsy investigation in isolation don't always yield answers. But when considered together, the clinical pattern and the histopathology, then diagnosis can become clearer. In this process the diagnostic impact of histopathology may be decisive or just confirmative to the clinical differential diagnosis. The structure of the book follows a basic approach to morphology, which is overall orientation at scanning magnification first, then identifying a prototypic pattern, and finally finding the essential diagnostic clue(s) under high power magnification. Dermatopathology: Practical Differential Diagnosis by Clinicopathologic Pattern provides top quality images to correlate clinical presentations with histopathologic features. Annotated images highlight subtle indicationTable of ContentsPreface ix Abbreviations xi Introduction xiii 1 Horny Layer 1 Reduced granular layer Prominent granular layer 2 Epidermis 15 Eczematous Acute Subacute Chronic Pruriginous Psoriasiform Bullous, acantholytic Pustular Degenerative Necrotic Ballooning Koilocytic Atrophic 3 Dermal–epidermal Junction (Interface) 109 Lichenoid Subepidermal blistering 4 Dermis 133 Edema Infiltrates Non-granulomatous Granulomatous Connective tissue Sclerosis Perforation and extrusion 5 Vessels 221 Intravascular coagulation Vasculitis Small vessel Medium-sized vessel Medium and large Localized Arteritis Vasculopathic changes 6 Subcutis 265 Panniculitis, septal Panniculitis, lobular Fat necrosis 7 Deposition and Storage 281 Foreign bodies Lipids Mucin Amyloid Calcium and bone 8 Adnexae 321 Pilosebaceous unit Hair Hair follicles not reduced Hair follicles reduced Index 351

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first complete textbook and atlas of the vitally important technique of bone age assessment utilizing MRI for children''s hand and wrist This latest volume in the growing Wiley Current Clinical Imaging series is a must-have resource that collects, in a single volume, all that is currently known and applicable about the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of bone age. Presented in two parts, Text-Atlas of Skeletal Age Determination: MRI of the Hand and Wrist in Children first focuses on the anatomic, social, and legal aspects of bone age, providing a concise overview of the use of bone age determination in medical, legal, and social systems.??It then covers the clinical use and application of MRI in assessing bone age. The book offers complete chapter coverage on endocrinology, puberty, and disorders of pubertal development; bone marrow maturation in healthy and diseased states; growth failure and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease; sTable of ContentsContributors, ix Introduction, xiii Preface, xv 1 Anatomic Aspects of Bone Ossifi cation and their Magnetic Resonance Counterparts, 1Guido Carpino, Ernesto Tomei, Richard C. Semelka, and Eugenio Gaudio 2 Bone Age: Medico-legal Issues, 7Serenella Serinelli, Paolo Arbarello, Sofia Battisti, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 3 Endocrinology, Puberty, and Disorders of Pubertal Development, 17Antonio Radicioni, Gilda Ruga, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, Ernesto Tomei, and Andrea Lenzi 4 MR Assessment of Skeletal Age in Healthy Children, 23Ernesto Tomei, Sofia Battisti, Milvia Martino, and Richard C. Semelka 5 Maturation of Individual Bones of the Hand and Wrist in Healthy Children, 57Milvia Martino, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 6 Musculoskeletal Findings in Young Athletes, 77Sofia Battisti, Milvia Martino, Alessandro Sartori, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 7 Bone Marrow Maturation in Healthy and Diseased States, 85Sofia Battisti, Ernesto Tomei, Antonello Rubini, Milvia Martino, Andrea Laghi, and Richard C. Semelka 8 Nutrition and Growth, 93Silvia Migliaccio, Sofia Battisti, Alessandro Pinto, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 9 MRI Skeletal Age Estimation in Celiac Disease, 99Monica Montuori, Maria Bavestrelli, Margherita Bonamico, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 10 Growth Failure and Pediatric Infl ammatory Bowel Disease, 105Marina Aloi, Salvatore Cucchiara, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 11 Adult Bone Diseases That Begin in Childhood, 109Salvatore Minisola, Vincenzo Carnevale, Najwa Al Ansari, Ernesto Tomei, and Richard C. Semelka 12 Skeletal Findings in Neurometabolic Disease, 117Mario Mastrangelo, Sara Bertino, Sofia Battisti, Richard C. Semelka, Ernesto Tomei, and Vincenzo Leuzzi 13 Skeletal Findings in Genetic Disease, 123Luigi Tarani, Natascia Liberati, Chiara Mancini, Francesca Mancini, Michela Martini, Chiara Mattiucci,Giovanni Parlapiano, Leonardo Pimpolari, Richard C. Semelka, and Fiorenza Colloridi 14 Skeletal Findings in Pediatric Oncology Patients, 133Anna Clerico, Giulia Varrasso, Carlo Alberto Cappelli, Milvia Martino, Richard C. Semelka, and Ernesto Tomei 15 Bone Mineral Density Measured with DXA Method in Pediatric Infl ammatory Bowel Diseases, 137Carlina V. Albanese and Richard C. Semelka 16 MRI of the Symptomatic Hand and Wrist, 143Daniel B. Nissman 17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles and Techniques, 149Daniel B. Nissman and Brian M. Dale Index, 155 A color plate section falls between pages 144 and 145

Read more less

Book SynopsisOpen microfluidics or open-surface is becoming fundamental in scientific domains such as biotechnology, biology and space. First, such systems and devices based on open microfluidics make use of capillary forces to move fluids, without any need for external energy. Second, the openness of the flow facilitates the accessibility to the liquid in biotechnology and biology, and reduces the weight in space applications. This book has been conceived to give the reader the fundamental basis of open microfluidics. It covers successively The theory of spontaneous capillary flow, with the general conditions for spontaneous capillary flow, and the dynamic aspects of such flows. The formation of capillary filaments which are associated to small contact angles and sharp grooves. The study of capillary flow in open rectangular, pseudo-rectangular and trapezoidal open microchannels. The dynamics of open capillary flows in grooves with a focus on capillary resistors. The case of very viscous liquids is analyzed. An analysis of suspended capillary flows: such flows move in suspended channels devoid of top cover and bottom plate. Their accessibility is reinforced, and such systems are becoming fundamental in biology. An analysis of rails microfluidics, which are flows that move in channels devoid of side walls. This geometry has the advantage to be compatible with capillary networks, which are now of great interest in biotechnology, for molecular detection for example. Paper-based microfluidics where liquids wick flat paper matrix. Applications concern bioassays such as point of care devices (POC). Thread-based microfluidics is a new domain of investigation. It is seeing presently many new developments in the domain of separation and filtration, and opens the way to smart bandages and tissue engineering. The book is intended to cover the theoretical aspects of open microfluidics, experimental approaches, and examples of application.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements xi Preface xiii Online Materials xv Introduction 1 1 Theory of Spontaneous Capillary Flows 13 1.1 Introduction 13 1.2 Quasi-static Approach to SCF 16 1.2.1 Open and Confined Systems 17 1.2.2 Theoretical Approach 17 1.2.3 Numerical Approach 21 1.2.3.1 Numerical Verification of the Capillary Force 22 1.2.3.2 Composite Confined Channel 22 1.2.3.3 Composite Open Channel 23 1.2.3.4 Fiber Bundle 24 1.2.3.5 Usual Geometries 27 1.2.3.6 Conclusion 27 1.2.4 Dynamic Aspects 27 1.2.4.1 Generalization of the Lucas-Washburn-Rideal Law to Composite, Confined Microchannels of Arbitrary Cross-section 30 1.2.4.2 Theory 30 1.2.4.3 Magnitude of Capillary Velocities 36 1.2.4.4 Experimental Results for Confined Channels 38 1.2.4.5 Conclusion 39 1.3 The Dynamics of Spontaneous Capillary Flows in Open-surface Channels 40 1.3.1 The Dynamics of SCF 40 1.3.2 Confined Rectangular Channels 42 1.3.3 Open Rectangular U-grooves 44 1.3.4 Suspended Rectangular Channels 45 1.3.5 Experiments 46 1.3.6 Comparison 46 1.4 Dynamic Contact Angle 49 1.5 Conclusion 53 1.6 References 53 2 Capillary Filaments 57 2.1 Introduction 57 2.2 Concus-Finn Theory 57 2.2.1 Numerical Approach 60 2.2.2 Example of Capillary Filaments in a Micro-beaker 60 2.2.3 Example of a Capillary Filament in a Micro Petri Dish 60 2.2.4 Extended Concus-Finn Relation 62 2.2.5 Capillary Filaments in a Non-ideal Corner 63 2.3 Capillary Filaments in Rectangular U-grooves 65 2.3.1 Capillary Flow Regimes with No Capillary Filaments (> 45°) 66 2.3.2 Capillary Flow Regimes with Capillary Filaments (<45°) 66 2.3.2.1 SCF Self-dividing into Filaments 67 2.3.2.2 Initially Separated Concus-Finn Filaments 69 2.3.2.3 Metastability of CF Filaments 70 2.3.2.4 Discussion 72 2.3.2.5 Imperfect Grooves 73 2.3.3 Example of a Varying Cross-sectional Area Channel 73 2.4 Capillary Filaments in V-grooves 74 2.4.1 Perfect V-grooves 74 2.4.2 Imperfect V-grooves 75 2.4.3 Parallel V-grooves 77 2.4.4 Imperfect Groovy Surface 79 2.5 Examples of Capillary Filaments 81 2.5.1 Capillary Filling of PCR Devices 82 2.5.2 Whole Blood Capillary Flow in V-grooves 82 2.6 Conclusions 85 2.7 References 86 Appendix 2.1 Capillary Flow in a Cylindrical Cavity 88 3 Spontaneous Capillary Flows in Open U-grooves 91 3.1 Introduction: SCF in Open “U-grooves” 91 3.2 Quasi-static Approach 92 3.3 Bulk SCF in Uniform Cross-section U-grooves 93 3.3.1 Single Wall Wettability 93 3.3.1.1 Theoretical Approach 93 3.3.1.2 Evolver Numerical Approach 97 3.3.2 Composite Walls 97 3.3.2.1 Rectangular Open Channel 98 3.3.2.2 Trapezoidal Open Channel 99 3.3.2.3 Roll-embossed Channel 100 3.4 Slightly Pressurized Open-surface Capillary Flow 100 3.5 SCF in Winding Channels 102 3.5.1 SCF in Winding, Open Channels, > 45° 103 3.5.2 Concus-Finn Filaments in Sharp Curves, > 45° 103 3.6 Extrapolation to the Coiling of the Flow Around a Curved Corner 104 3.7 Converging U-channels 105 3.8 Diverging U-channels 105 3.8.1 No CF Filaments 106 3.8.2 CF Filaments 108 3.9 U-groove with a Sudden Enlargement 108 3.9.1 Smooth Enlargement 109 3.9.2 Enlargement with Sharp Edges 110 3.9.3 U-groove Exiting into a Cylinder 112 3.9.4 U-groove Crossing a Polygonal Cavity 113 3.10 Open Capillary Valves 114 3.10.1 Capillary Stop Valves 114 3.10.2 Trigger Valves 115 3.11 Bifurcation 116 3.12 Capillary Filtration 118 3.13 Capillary Flow Mixing 119 3.14 Generalization: Substrate Patterned with Parallel Rectangular U-grooves 119 3.14.1 Substrate Patterned with U-grooves 119 3.14.2 Open, Rectangular U-groove with Sub-grooves in the Bottom Plate 120 3.14.3 Applications 121 3.15 Conclusion 121 3.16 References 122 4 Dynamics of Capillary Flow in a Channel with Constrictions and Enlargements 125 4.1 Introduction 125 4.2 Channel Constriction and Enlargement 126 4.2.1 Theory 126 4.2.2 Numerical Results and Discussion 130 4.2.2.1 Straight Channel 131 4.2.2.2 Channel with a Constricted Section 131 4.2.2.3 Channel with an Enlarged Section 132 4.2.3 Experimental Results 134 4.2.3.1 Constriction 135 4.2.3.2 Enlargement 136 4.2.4 Conclusion 137 4.3 SCF in a U-groove with Multiple Change of Cross-section 137 4.3.1 Theoretical Approach 138 4.3.2 Experimental Approach 140 4.3.2.1 Winding Open Rectangular U-groove 140 4.3.2.2 Open Rectangular U-groove with Constricted Sections 141 4.3.2.3 Open Rectangular U-groove with Cylindrical Chambers 144 4.3.3 Comparison with the Numerical Approach 145 4.4 Conclusion 146 4.5 References 149 Appendix 4.1 Velocity Model for Open Rectangular Channels 150 Appendix 4.2 Velocity Model for Cylindrical Tubes 152 Appendix 4.3 Friction in a Rectangular Open Channel 155 5 Suspended Capillary Flows 157 5.1 Introduction 157 5.2 Theory 158 5.3 Quasi-static Numerical Approach 159 5.3.1 Effect of Gravity 162 5.4 Dynamic Approach 162 5.4.1 Closed-form Expression of the Velocity for Newtonian Fluids 162 5.4.2 Channel Characteristics Corresponding to Maximum Velocities 164 5.4.3 Examples from Experiments 166 5.4.3.1 Suspended Channel Fabrication 167 5.4.3.2 Preparation of the Solutions and Liquid Characterization 168 5.4.3.3 Tinted Water 168 5.4.3.4 IPA Solutions 169 5.4.3.5 Whole Blood 169 5.4.3.6 Alginate Solutions 171 5.5 Comparison of a U-channel and a Suspended Channel 174 5.6 Suspended Microfluidics in Channels of Varying Section 175 5.6.1 Diverging Straight Walls 175 5.6.2 Sudden Enlargement of Suspended Channels 179 5.6.2.1 Quasi-static Approach 179 5.6.2.2 Dynamic Approach 183 5.6.3 Converging Suspended Channels 183 5.6.4 X-shape Suspended Channels 184 5.7 Capillary Flow in a Suspended Tapering Channel 186 5.8 Suspended Microfluidics in Suspended V-shaped Channels 188 5.9 Capillary Flow Over a Hole 189 5.10 Introduction to Two-phase Suspended Microflows 191 5.10.1 Parallel Walls 194 5.10.2 Tapered Walls 197 5.10.2.1 Converging Channel 197 5.10.2.2 Diverging Channel 198 5.10.3 Examples and Applications of Suspended Microfluidics 199 5.10.3.1 Formation of μDots 199 5.10.3.2 Towards a Giant Polymeric Micromembrane 201 5.10.3.3 Suspended Microfluidics for Measurement of Contact Angles 201 5.11 Conclusion 203 5.12 References 203 6 Spontaneous Capillary Flow Between Horizontal Rails 207 6.1 Introduction 207 6.2 Spontaneous Capillary Flows Between Rails 209 6.3 Winding Channels 210 6.4 Diverging Rails 211 6.5 Rails with Lateral Enlargement 212 6.6 Converging Rails 212 6.7 Rails with Constriction 212 6.8 Stopping a Capillary Flow at a Neck 213 6.9 SCF in Sinusoidal Railed Channels 215 6.10 Divisions and Bifurcations 217 6.10.1 Flow Separation 217 6.10.2 Flow Around a Hole 217 6.10.2.1 Two Plates Pierced by a Hole 218 6.10.2.2 Bottom Plate Pierced by a Hole 221 6.10.2.3 Rails Around a Hole 221 6.10.3 Capillary Flow Around Pillars 224 6.10.3.1 Single Pillar 224 6.10.3.2 Multiple Pillars 225 6.11 Conclusion 227 6.12 References 227 7 Paper-based Microfluidics 229 7.1 Introduction 229 7.2 Principles of Labs-on-Paper and Paper-based Devices 230 7.3 Paper-based Microfluidics 231 7.3.1 Spontaneous Imbibition-wicking 231 7.3.2 Fully Wetted Medium – Darcy’s law 234 7.3.3 Velocity in Paper Strips of Piecewise Varying Width 236 7.3.4 Filtration and Separation 237 7.3.5 Mixing 238 7.3.6 Y-junctions 240 7.3.7 Hydrodynamic Focusing 241 7.3.8 H-filters: Separation and Extraction 242 7.3.9 Valves 243 7.3.10 Architecture for Time Sequencing 244 7.3.11 3D paths – Fluidic Origamis 244 7.3.12 Electrokinetics on Paper 244 7.4 Paper-based Systems Fabrication and Detection 245 7.4.1 Fabrication Techniques of Paper Strips 246 7.4.2 Fabrication Techniques of μPADs 247 7.4.2.1 Hydrophobic Barrier 247 7.4.2.2 Hydrophobization of the Substrate 247 7.4.3 Functionalization and Loading of Reagents 249 7.4.4 Detection 249 7.4.4.1 Colorimetry 249 7.4.4.2 Electrochemistry(EC) 250 7.4.4.3 Chemiluminescence 251 8 Fiber-based Microfluidics 257 8.1 Introduction 257 8.2 Droplet on Fibers 259 8.2.1 Droplet on a Horizontal Fiber 259 8.2.2 Small Droplet 260 8.2.2.1 Effect of Gravity on Small Droplets 261 8.2.2.2 Large Droplet 261 8.2.3 Droplet Between Fibers 263 8.2.3.1 Droplet Between Two Parallel Fibers 263 8.2.3.2 Non-parallel Fibers in the Same Plane 264 8.2.3.3 Drop Between Two Fibers – General Case 265 8.2.3.4 Droplet Sliding Down a Fiber 266 8.3 SCF Guided by Fibers 268 8.3.1 Approximate General Condition for Spontaneous Capillary Flow in a Fiber Bundle 268 8.3.2 Geometrical Study: SCF Guided by Fibers 270 8.3.2.1 Homogeneous Bundle 271 8.3.2.2 Inhomogeneous Bundles 273 8.3.2.3 Numerical Example 279 8.3.2.4 Packed Bundle 281 8.3.2.5 Generalization to Large Bundles 282 8.3.2.6 Influence of the Parameter C=R 282 8.3.2.7 Conclusion 282 8.4 Examples of Microfluidics on Fibers 284 8.5 Electrochemical Detection on Fibers 284 8.6 Applications in Biology 285 8.6.1 Blood Typing Diagnostics 285 8.6.2 Woven Fibers 286 8.6.3 Smart Bandages 286 8.6.4 Smart Textiles 288 8.7 Capillary Rise in Fibers 288 8.7.1 Cylindrical Tubes: Jurin’s law 288 8.7.2 Capillary Rise Between Pillars 291 8.7.2.1 Capillary Rise in a Bundle of Four Vertical Square Pillars 291 8.7.2.2 Comparison of Capillary Rise Between a Wilhelmy Plate and Pillars 292 8.7.2.3 Comparison of Capillary Rise Between a Single Rod and a Bundle of Packed Rods 294 8.8 Conclusions 295 8.9 References 296 Appendix 8.1 Calculation of the Laplace Pressure for a Droplet on a Horizontal Cylindrical Wire 298 Appendix 8.2 Perimeters 299 Appendix 8.3 Wonky Corners SCF 300 Appendix 8.4 Transition Between “All Wetted” and “All But Corners” Cases 301 9 Epilog 303 9.1 Open Microfluidics 303 9.2 References 305 Index 307

Read more less

Book SynopsisClinical Medical Imaging Physics: Current and Emerging Practice is the first text of its kind--a comprehensive reference work covering all imaging modalities in use in clinical medicine today. Destined to become a classic in the field, this book provides state-of-practice descriptions for each imaging modality, followed by special sections on new and emerging applications, technologies, and practices. Authored by luminaries in the field of medical physics, this resource is a sophisticated, one-volume handbook to a fast-advancing field that is becoming ever more central to contemporary clinical medicine. Summarizes the current state of clinical medical imaging physics in one volume, with a focus on emerging technologies and applications Provides comprehensive coverage of all key clinical imaging modalities, taking into account the new realities in healthcare practice Features a strong focus on clinical application of principles and technolTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Introduction 1 1 What is Clinical Imaging Physics? 3Ehsan Samei Part I Radiography 15 2 Clinical Radiography Physics: Perspective 17Ehsan Samei 3 Clinical Radiography Physics: State of Practice 23David Gauntt 4 Clinical Radiography Physics: Emerging Practice 35Jered Wells Part II Mammography 77 5 Clinical Mammography Physics: Perspective 79Douglas E. Pfeiffer 6 Clinical Mammography Physics: State of Practice 89Melissa Martin and Eric Berns 7 Clinical Mammography Physics: Emerging Practice 107Andrew Karellas and Srinivasan Vedantham Part III Fluoroscopy 123 8 Clinical Fluoroscopy Physics: Perspective 125Ehsan Samei 9 Clinical Fluoroscopy Physics: State of Practice 129Beth A. Schueler and Keith J. Strauss 10 Clinical Fluoroscopy Physics: Emerging Practice 145Keith J. Strauss and Beth A. Schueler Part IV Computed Tomography 169 11 Clinical CT Physics: Perspective 171Douglas E. Pfeiffer and Mahadevappa Mahesh 12 Clinical CT Physics: State of Practice 175Douglas E. Pfeiffer 13 Clinical CT Physics: Emerging Practice 193Ehsan Samei and Joshua Wilson Part V Nuclear Imaging 211 14 Clinical Nuclear Imaging Physics: Perspective 213Douglas E. Pfeiffer 15 Clinical Nuclear Imaging Physics: Current and Emerging Practice 223Jeffrey Nelson and Steven Mann Part VI Ultrasonography 249 16 Clinical Ultrasonography Physics: Perspective 251Paul Carson, Nicholas J. Hangiandreou, and Zheng Feng Lu 17 Clinical Ultrasonography Physics: State of Practice 261Zheng Feng Lu, Nicholas J. Hangiandreou, and Paul Carson 18 Clinical Ultrasonography Physics: Emerging Practice 287Nicholas J. Hangiandreou, Paul Carson, and Zheng Feng Lu Part VII Magnetic Resonance Imaging 303 19 Clinical MRI Physics: Perspective 305Douglas E. Pfeiffer 20 Clinical MRI Physics: State of Practice 317Ronald Price 21 Clinical MRI Physics: Emerging Practice 339David Pickens Part VIII Imaging Informatics 363 22 Clinical Physics in IT: Perspective 365Ehsan Samei 23 Clinical Physics in Informatics Display: Current and Emerging Practice 373Michael Flynn 24 Clinical Physics in Imaging Informatics: Current and Emerging Practice 413Donald Peck Abbreviations 429 Index 431

Read more less

Book SynopsisReview Questions for Dentistry is an essential exam practice tool designed for undergraduate dentistry students, postgraduate MJDF candidates, and overseas candidates sitting their OREs.Table of ContentsAbout the companion website, vii Introduction: How to approach answering multiple choice questions, ix Section 1: Questions testing the introductory aspects of the subject 1 Endodontics, 3 2 Periodontology, 11 3 Operative dentistry, 19 4 Prosthodontics, 25 5 Medical and surgical aspects of oral and dental health, 33 6 Paediatric dentistry, public dental health and orthodontics, 40 Section 2: Questions exploring the subjects in more detail 7 Endodontics, 51 8 Periodontology, 75 9 Operative dentistry, 97 10 Prosthodontics, 118 11 Medical and surgical aspects of oral and dental health, 153 12 Paediatric dentistry, public dental health and orthodontics, 171 Further reading, 176 Index, 183

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is an updated edition of the classic textbook on couple and family therapy through a psychiatric lens. It delineates clinical practice, research, and training issues, in part through case examples. The book presents family therapy and family-oriented interventions with an emerging evidence-base in an easy-to-read and digestible manner.Table of ContentsForewords xixEllen M. Berman MD, Lloyd I. Sederer MD Preface xxvii Acknowledgments xxxi A Guide for Using the Text xxxiii List of Tables xxxvii List of Figures xxxix Section I Family Therapy in Context 1 The Field of Couples and Family Therapy: Development and Definition 5 2 Family Life in Historical and Sociological Perspective 23 Section II Functional and Dysfunctional Families 3 Understanding the Functional Family 41 4 Understanding the Functional Family in a Variety of Family Forms 59 5 Problems and Dysfunction from an Integrated Family Systems Perspective 75 Section III Family Evaluation 6 The Process of Evaluation 95 7 The Content of Evaluation 107 8 Formulating an Understanding of the Family Problem Areas 117 Section IV Family Treatment 9 Major Family Therapy Schools and Their Treatment Strategies 137 10 Goals 147 11 Family Treatment: Integrated Strategies and Techniques 157 12 The Course of Family Treatment 175 13 Promoting Change in Family Treatment: Issues of Alliance and Resistance 189 14 Family Therapy: General Considerations203 Section V Couples Therapy 15 Dysfunctional Couples and Couples Therapy 221 16 Sex Couples and Sex Therapy 235 17 Couples and Families Breaking Apart: Separation and Divorce 249 Section VI Family Treatment When One Member Has a Psychiatric Disorder or Other Special Problem 18 Family Treatment in the Context of Individual Psychiatric Disorders 267 19 Family Treatment in the Context of Other Special Problems—Violence to Self and Others 301 20 The Family and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Psychiatric Illness 321 21 Working with Families in the Section VII Results of and Guidelines for Recommending Family Therapy 23 Controversies Relative Contraindications and the Use and Misuse of Couples and Family Therapy 371 24 Results: The Outcomes of Couples and Family Therapy 381 Section VIII Ethical Professional and Training Issues 25 Ethical and Professional Issues in Couples and Family Therapy 405 Suggested Reading 419 References 419 Index 421

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn emerging field at the interface of biology and engineering, mechanobiology explores the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signalsand holds great promise in one day unravelling the mysteries of cellular and extracellular matrix mechanics to cure a broad range of diseases. Mechanobiology: Exploitation for Medical Benefit presents a comprehensive overview of principles of mechanobiology, highlighting the extent to which biological tissues are exposed to the mechanical environment, demonstrating the importance of the mechanical environment in living systems, and critically reviewing the latest experimental procedures in this emerging field. Featuring contributions from several top experts in the field, chapters begin with an introduction to fundamental mechanobiological principles; and then proceed to explore the relationship of this extensive force in nature to tissues of musculoskeletal systems, heart and lung vasculature, the kidney glomerulusTable of Contents List of Contributors xiii Preface xvii 1 Extracellular Matrix Structure and Stem Cell Mechanosensing 1Nicholas D. Evans and Camelia G. Tusan 1.1 Mechanobiology 1 1.2 Stem Cells 3 1.3 Substrate Stiffness in Cell Behavior 5 1.3.1 A Historical Perspective on Stiffness Sensing 5 1.4 Stem Cells and Substrate Stiffness 7 1.4.1 ESCs and Substrate Stiffness 8 1.4.2 Collective Cell Behavior in Substrate Stiffness Sensing 11 1.5 Material Structure and Future Perspectives in Stem Cell Mechanobiology 14 1.6 Conclusion 15 References 16 2 Molecular Pathways of Mechanotransduction: From Extracellular Matrix to Nucleus 23Hamish T. J. Gilbert and Joe Swift 2.1 Introduction: Mechanically Influenced Cellular Behavior 23 2.2 Mechanosensitive Molecular Mechanisms 24 2.3 Methods Enabling the Study of Mechanobiology 29 2.4 Conclusion 34 Acknowledgements 34 References 34 3 Sugar-Coating the Cell: The Role of the Glycocalyx in Mechanobiology 43Stefania Marcotti and Gwendolen C. Reilly 3.1 What is the Glycocalyx? 43 3.2 Composition of the Glycocalyx 44 3.3 Morphology of the Glycocalyx 45 3.4 Mechanical Properties of the Glycocalyx 46 3.5 Mechanobiology of the Endothelial Glycocalyx 49 3.6 Does the Glycocalyx Play a Mechanobiological Role in Bone? 50 3.7 Glycocalyx in Muscle 52 3.8 How Can the Glycocalyx be Exploited for Medical Benefit? 53 3.9 Conclusion 53 References 54 4 The Role of the Primary Cilium in Cellular Mechanotransduction: An Emerging Therapeutic Target 61Kian F. Eichholz and David A. Hoey 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Primary Cilium 63 4.3 Cilia-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies 68 4.4 Conclusion 70 Acknowledgements 70 References 70 5 Mechanosensory and Chemosensory Primary Cilia in Ciliopathy and Ciliotherapy 75Surya M. Nauli, Rinzhin T. Sherpa, Caretta J. Reese, and Andromeda M. Nauli 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Mechanobiology and Diseases 76 5.3 Primary Cilia as Biomechanics 78 5.4 Modulating Mechanobiology Pathways 83 5.5 Conclusion 85 References 86 6 Mechanobiology of Embryonic Skeletal Development: Lessons for Osteoarthritis 101Andrea S. Pollard and Andrew A. Pitsillides 6.1 Introduction 101 6.2 An Overview of Embryonic Skeletal Development 102 6.3 Regulation of Joint Formation 103 6.4 Regulation of Endochondral Ossification 105 6.5 An Overview of Relevant Osteoarthritic Joint Changes 106 6.6 Lessons for Osteoarthritis from Joint Formation 108 6.7 Lessons for Osteoarthritis from Endochondral Ossification 109 6.8 Conclusion 110 Acknowledgements 111 References 111 7 Modulating Skeletal Responses to Mechanical Loading by Targeting Estrogen Receptor Signaling 115Gabriel L. Galea and Lee B. Meakin 7.1 Introduction 115 7.2 Biomechanical Activation of Estrogen Receptor Signaling: In Vitro Studies 116 7.3 Skeletal Consequences of Altered Estrogen Receptor Signaling: In Vivo Mouse Studies 120 7.4 Skeletal Consequences of Human Estrogen Receptor Polymorphisms: Human Genetic and Exercise-Intervention Studies 125 7.5 Conclusion 126 References 126 8 Mechanical Responsiveness of Distinct Skeletal Elements: Possible Exploitation of Low Weight-Bearing Bone 131Simon C. F. Rawlinson 8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 Anatomy and Loading-Related Stimuli 132 8.3 Preosteogenic Responses In Vitro 135 8.4 Site-Specific, Animal-Strain Differences 136 8.5 Exploitation of Regional Information 137 8.6 Conclusion 138 References 138 9 Pulmonary Vascular Mechanics in Pulmonary Hypertension 143Zhijie Wang, Lian Tian, and Naomi C. Chesler 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Pulmonary Vascular Mechanics 143 9.3 Measurements of Pulmonary Arterial Mechanics 147 9.4 Mechanobiology in Pulmonary Hypertension 150 9.5 Computational Modeling in Pulmonary Circulation 151 9.6 Impact of Pulmonary Arterial Biomechanics on the Right Heart 152 9.7 Conclusion 153 References 153 10 Mechanobiology and the Kidney Glomerulus 161Franziska Lausecker, Christoph Ballestrem, and Rachel Lennon 10.1 Introduction 161 10.2 Glomerular Filtration Barrier 161 10.3 Podocyte Adhesion 163 10.4 Glomerular Disease 165 10.5 Forces in the Glomerulus 166 10.6 Mechanosensitive Components and Prospects for Therapy 167 10.7 Conclusion 169 References 169 11 Dynamic Remodeling of the Heart and Blood Vessels: Implications of Health and Disease 175Ken Takahashi, Hulin Piao, and Keiji Naruse 11.1 Introduction 175 11.2 Causes of Remodeling 176 11.3 Mechanical Transduction in Cardiac Remodeling 177 11.4 The Remodeling Process 178 11.5 Conclusion 183 References 183 12 Aortic Valve Mechanobiology: From Organ to Cells 191K. Jane Grande-Allen, Daniel Puperi, Prashanth Ravishankar, and Kartik Balachandran 12.1 Introduction 191 12.2 Mechanobiology at the Organ Level 192 12.3 Mechanobiology at the Cellular Level 197 12.4 Conclusion 201 Acknowledgments 201 References 201 13 Testing the Perimenopause Ageprint using Skin Visoelasticity under Progressive Suction 207Gérald E. Piérard, Claudine Piérard-Franchimont, Ulysse Gaspard, Philippe Humbert, and Sébastien L. Piérard 13.1 Introduction 207 13.2 Gender-Linked Skin Aging 208 13.3 Dermal Aging, Thinning, and Wrinkling 209 13.4 Skin Viscoelasticity under Progressive Suction 209 13.5 Skin Tensile Strength during the Perimenopause 211 13.6 Conclusion 214 Acknowledgements 215 References 216 14 Mechanobiology and Mechanotherapy for Skin Disorders 221Chao-Kai Hsu and Rei Ogawa 14.1 Introduction 221 14.2 Skin Disorders Associated with Mechanobiological Dysfunction 223 14.3 Mechanotherapy 231 14.4 Conclusion 232 Acknowledgement 232 References 233 15 Mechanobiology and Mechanotherapy for Cutaneous Wound-Healing 239Chenyu Huang, Yanan Du, and Rei Ogawa 15.1 Introduction 239 15.2 The Mechanobiology of Cutaneous Wound-Healing 240 15.3 Mechanotherapy to Improve Cutaneous Wound-Healing 242 15.4 Future Considerations 246 References 246 16 Mechanobiology and Mechanotherapy for Cutaneous Scarring 255Rei Ogawa and Chenyu Huang 16.1 Introduction 255 16.2 Cutaneous Wound-Healing and Mechanobiology 255 16.3 Cutaneous Scarring and Mechanobiology 256 16.4 Cellular and Tissue Responses to Mechanical Forces 257 16.5 Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars and Mechanobiology 258 16.6 Relationship Between Scar Growth and Tension 260 16.7 A Hypertrophic Scar Animal Model Based on Mechanotransduction 261 16.8 Mechanotherapy for Scar Prevention and Treatment 262 16.9 Conclusion 263 References 264 17 Mechanobiology and Mechanotherapy for the Nail 267Hitomi Sano and Rei Ogawa 17.1 Introduction 267 17.2 Nail Anatomy 267 17.3 Role of Mechanobiology in Nail Morphology 268 17.4 Nail Diseases and Mechanical Forces 269 17.5 Current Nail Treatment Strategies 270 17.6 Mechanotherapy for Nail Deformities 270 17.7 Conclusion 271 References 271 18 Bioreactors: Recreating the Biomechanical Environment In Vitro 275James R. Henstock and Alicia J. El Haj 18.1 The Mechanical Environment: Forces in the Body 275 18.2 Bioreactors: A Short History 276 18.3 Bioreactor Types 278 18.4 Commercial versus Homemade Bioreactors 288 18.5 Automated Cell-Culture Systems 289 18.6 The Future of Bioreactors in Research and Translational Medicine 290 References 291 19 Cell Sensing of the Physical Properties of the Microenvironment at Multiple Scales 297Julien E. Gautrot 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Cells Sense their Mechanical Microenvironment at the Nanoscale Level 298 19.3 Cell Sensing of the Nanoscale Physicochemical Landscape of the Environment 306 19.4 Cell Sensing of the Microscale Geometry and Topography of the Environment 312 19.5 Conclusion 319 References 319 20 Predictive Modeling in Musculoskeletal Mechanobiology 331Hanifeh Khayyeri, Hanna Isaksson, and Patrick J. Prendergast 20.1 What is Mechanobiology? Background and Concepts 331 20.2 Examples of Mechanobiological Experiments 333 20.3 Modeling Mechanobiological Tissue Regeneration 337 20.4 Mechanoregulation Theories for Bone Regeneration 338 20.5 Use of Computational Modeling Techniques to Corroborate Theories and Predict Experimental Outcomes 340 20.6 Horizons of Computational Mechanobiology 341 References 343 21 Porous Bone Graft Substitutes: When Less is More 347Charlie Campion and Karin A. Hing 21.1 Introduction 347 21.2 Bone: The Ultimate Smart Material 350 21.3 Bone-Grafting Classifications 353 21.4 Synthetic Bone Graft Structures 356 21.5 Conclusion 361 References 362 22 Exploitation of Mechanobiology for Cardiovascular Therapy 373Winston Elliott, Amir Keshmiri, and Wei Tan 22.1 Introduction 373 22.2 Arterial Wall Mechanics and Mechanobiology 374 22.3 Mechanical Signal and Mechanotransduction on the Arterial Wall 375 22.4 Physiological and Pathological Responses to Mechanical Signals 377 22.5 The Role of Vascular Mechanics in Modulating Mechanical Signals 378 22.6 Therapeutic Strategies Exploiting Mechanobiology 380 22.7 The Role of Hemodynamics in Mechanobiology 381 22.8 Conclusion 390 References 391 Index 401

Read more less

Book SynopsisDental Benefits and Practice Management: A Guide for Successful Practices is a practical tool that helps you manage your office in tune with the realities of modern dental practice. Written by both dentists and insurance industry professionals Practical explanations to effectively and legally process claims Describes the changes in dental practice management to make your practice patient centered Competitive strategies for dentists and organizations Table of ContentsList of contributors, ix Preface, xi Acknowledgments, xv Part I: History of Dental Insurance, 1 1 Why dental benefits?, 3Michael M. Okuji 2 Dental benefits: Get it done, 21Michael M. Okuji 3 Dental benefits: Get it right, 47Michael M. Okuji Part II: Dental Claim System, 69 4 Patient]centered practice, 71David Okuji 5 Streamlined dental practice, 93Michael M. Okuji & Dennis Lewis 6 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, 109Michael M. Okuji & David Okuji Part III: Competitive Strategies, 127 7 Ethics and ethical behavior, 129Gary Herman 8 Stay out of trouble, 147Matthew Cassady 9 Analysis to action, 169Michael M. Okuji Index, 195

Read more less

Book SynopsisReflects on developments in noninvasive electromyography, and includes advances and applications in signal detection, processing and interpretation Addresses EMG imaging technology together with the issue of decomposition of surface EMG Includes advanced single and multi-channel techniques for information extraction from surface EMG signals Presents the analysis and information extraction of surface EMG at various scales, from motor units to the concept of muscle synergies. Table of Contents1 Physiology of Muscle Activation and Force Generation 1R. M. Enoka and J. Duchateau 2 Biophysics of the Generation of EMG Signals 30D. Farina, D. F. Stegeman, and R. Merletti 3 Detection and Conditioning of Surface EMG Signals 54R. Merletti, A. Botter, and U. Barone 4 Single-Channel Techniques for Information Extraction from the Surface EMG Signal 91E. A. Clancy, F. Negro, and D. Farina 5 Techniques for Information Extraction from the Surface EMG Signal: High-Density Surface EMG 126R. Merletti, T. M. Vieira, and D. Farina 6 Muscle Coordination, Motor Synergies, and Primitives from Surface EMG 158Y. P. Ivanenko, A. D'avella, and F. Lacquaniti 7 Surface EMG Decomposition 180A. Holobar, D. Farina, and D. Zazula 8 EMG Modeling and Simulation 210M. M. Lowery 9 Electromyography-Driven Modeling for Simulating Subject-Specific Movement at the Neuromusculoskeletal Level 247M. Sartori, D. G. Lloyd, T. F. Besier, J. W. Fernandez, and D. Farina 10 Muscle Force and Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue in Voluntary and Electrically Elicited Contractions 273R. Merletti, B. Afsharipour, J. Dideriksen, and D. Farina 11 EMG of Electrically Stimulated Muscles 311A. Botter and R. Merletti 12 Surface EMG Applications in Neurophysiology 333S. Baudry, M. A. Minetto, and J. Duchateau 13 Surface EMG in Ergonomics and Occupational Medicine 361M. Gazzoni, B. Afsharipour, and R.Merletti 14 Applications in Proctology and Obstetrics 392R. Merletti 15 EMG and Posture in Its Narrowest Sense 408T. M. Vieira, D. Farina, and I. D. Loram 16 Applications in Movement and Gait Analysis 440A. Merlo and I. Campanini 17 Applications in Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy 460D. Falla 18 Surface EMG Biofeedback 485A. Gallina, M. Gazzoni, D. Falla, and R. Merletti 19 EMG in Exercise Physiology and Sports 501A. Rainoldi, T. Moritani, and G. Boccia 20 Surface Electromyography for Man–Machine Interfacing in Rehabilitation Technologies 540D. Farina and M. Sartori Index 561

Read more less

Book SynopsisComplications from dental procedures are inevitable and encountered by all dental professionals. Avoiding and Treating Dental Complications: Best Practices in Dentistry is designed to address proper management of these situations in everyday practice. Covers a range of dental issues and complications found in daily practice Written by experts in each specialty Features tables and charts for quick information Includes clinical photographs and radiographs Table of ContentsList of contributors, vi Acknowledgments, viii 1 Best practices: Restorative complications, 1 2 Periodontal complications, 29 3 Endodontic complications, 50 4 Prosthodontics complications, 73 5 Oral surgery complications, 103 6 Complications of local anesthesia, sedation, and general anesthesia, 120 7 Implant complications, 144 8 Pediatric dentistry complications and challenges, 176 9 Orthodontic complications and the periodontal aspects related to clinical orthodontics, 202 Index, 237

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive overview of wireless computing in medicine, with technological, medical, and legal advances This book brings together the latest work of leading scientists in the disciplines of Computing, Medicine, and Law, in the field of Wireless Health. The book is organized into three main sections. The first section discusses the use of distributed computing in medicine. It concentrates on methods for treating chronic diseases and cognitive disabilities like Alzheimer's, Autism, etc. It also discusses how to improve portability and accuracy of monitoring instruments and reduce the redundancy of data. It emphasizes the privacy and security of using such devices. The role of mobile sensing, wireless power and Markov decision process in distributed computing is also examined. The second section covers nanomedicine and discusses how the drug delivery strategies for chronic diseases can be efficiently improved by Nanotechnology enabled materials and devices suTable of ContentsContributors xiii Foreword xvii Preface xix PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction to Wireless Computing in Medicine 3Amber Bhargava, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Arushi Gupta, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, and Pujal Trivedi 1.1 Introduction, 3 1.2 Definition of Terms, 5 1.3 Brief History of Wireless Healthcare, 5 1.4 What is Wireless Computing? 6 1.5 Distributed Computing, 7 1.6 Nanotechnology in Medicine, 10 1.7 Ethics of Medical Wireless Computing, 12 1.8 Privacy in Wireless Computing, 13 1.9 Conclusion, 14 References, 14 2 Nanocomputing and Cloud Computing 17T. Soren Craig, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Nikila Goli, Arushi Gupta, Shiva Navab, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, Gaurav Sarkar, and Ben Shiroma 2.1 Introduction, 17 2.2 Nanocomputing, 18 2.3 Cloud Computing, 30 2.4 Conclusion, 37 Acknowledgment, 37 References, 37 PART II PERVASIVE WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 41 3 Pervasive Computing in Hospitals 43Janet Meiling Wang-Roveda, Linda Powers, and Kui Ren 3.1 Introduction, 43 3.2 Architecture of Pervasive Computing in Hospitals, 45 3.3 Sensors, Devices, Instruments, and Embedded Systems, 49 3.4 Data Acquisition in Pervasive Computing, 59 3.5 Software Support for Context-Aware and Activity Sharing Services, 63 3.6 Data and Information Security, 66 3.7 Conclusion, 71 Acknowledgment, 71 References, 72 4 Diagnostic Improvements: Treatment and Care 79Xiaojun Xian 4.1 Introduction, 79 4.2 System Design, 81 4.3 Body Sensor Network, 82 4.4 Portable Sensors, 84 4.5 Wearable Sensors, 88 4.6 Implantable Sensors, 94 4.7 Wireless Communication, 95 4.8 Mobile Base Unit, 97 4.9 Conclusion and Challenges, 98 Acknowledgment, 99 References, 99 5 Collaborative Opportunistic Sensing of Human Behavior with Mobile Phones 107Luis A. Castro, Jessica Beltran-Marquez, Jesus Favela, Edgar Chavez, Moises Perez, Marcela Rodriguez, Rene Navarro, and Eduardo Quintana 5.1 Health and Mobile Sensing, 107 5.2 The InCense Sensing Toolkit, 110 5.3 Sensing Campaign 1: Detecting Behaviors Associated with the Frailty Syndrome Among Older Adults, 119 5.4 Sensing Campaign 2: Detecting Problematic Behaviors among Elders with Dementia, 123 5.5 Discussion, 131 5.6 Conclusions and Future Work, 132 References, 133 6 Pervasive Computing to Support Individuals with Cognitive Disabilities 137Monica Tentori, José Mercado, Franceli L. Cibrian, and Lizbeth Escobedo 6.1 Introduction, 137 6.2 Wearable and Mobile Sensing Platforms to Ease the Recording of Data Relevant to Clinical Case Assessment, 144 6.3 Augmented Reality and Mobile and Tangible Computing to Support Cognition, 151 6.4 Serious Games and Exergames to Support Motor Impairments, 158 6.5 Conclusions, 168 Acknowledgments, 172 References, 172 7 Wireless Power for Implantable Devices: A Technical Review 187Nikita Ahuja, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Zhuochen Ge, Renjun Liu, Alekhya Sai Nuduru Pati, Kodiak Ravicz, Mike Schlesinger, Shu Han Wu, and Kai Xie 7.1 Introduction, 187 7.2 History of Wireless Power, 189 7.3 Approach of Wireless Power Transmission, 191 7.4 A Detailed Example of Magnetic Coupling Resonance, 194 7.5 Popular Standards, 199 7.6 Wireless Power Transmission in Medical use, 201 7.7 Conclusion, 204 Acknowledgments, 205 References, 205 8 Energy-Efficient Physical Activity Detection in Wireless Body Area Networks 211Daphney-Stavroula Zois, Sangwon Lee, Murali Annavaram, and Urbashi Mitra 8.1 Introduction, 211 8.2 Knowme Platform, 215 8.3 Energy Impact of Design Choices, 217 8.4 Problem Formulation, 228 8.5 Sensor Selection Strategies, 232 8.6 Alternative Problem Formulation, 237 8.7 Sensor Selection Strategies for the Alternative Formulation, 241 8.8 Experiments, 244 8.9 Related Work, 254 8.10 Conclusion, 256 Acknowledgments, 257 References, 257 9 Markov Decision Process for Adaptive Control of Distributed Body Sensor Networks 263Shuping Liu, Anand Panangadan, Ashit Talukder, and Cauligi S. Raghavendra 9.1 Introduction, 263 9.2 Rationale for MDP Formulation, 265 9.3 Related Work, 268 9.4 Problem Statement, Assumptions, and Approach, 269 9.5 MDP Model for Multiple Sensor Nodes, 272 9.6 Communication, 274 9.7 Simulation Results, 276 9.8 Conclusions, 292 Acknowledgment, 294 References, 294 PART III NANOSCALE WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 297 10 An Introduction to Nanomedicine 299Amber Bhargava, Janet Cheung, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Wan Lee, Kodiak Ravicz, Mike Schlesinger, Yesha Shah, and Abhishek Uppal 10.1 Introduction, 299 10.2 Nanomedical Technology, 301 10.3 Detection, 303 10.4 Treatment, 305 10.5 Biocompatibility, 309 10.6 Power, 311 10.7 Computer Modeling, 313 10.8 Research Institutions, 315 10.9 Conclusion, 317 Acknowledgments, 317 References, 317 11 Nanomedicine Using Magneto-Electric Nanoparticles 323Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Andrew Prajogi, Kodiak Ravicz, Gaurav Sarkar, Umang Sharma, Rakesh Guduru, and Sakhrat Khizroev 11.1 Introduction, 323 11.2 Overview of MENs, 324 11.3 Experiment 1: Externally Controlled On-Demand Release of Anti-HIV Drug Azttp Using Mens as Carriers, 325 11.4 Experiment 2: Mens to Enable Field-Controlled High-Specificity Drug Delivery to Eradicate Ovarian Cancer Cells, 331 11.5 Experiment 3: Magnetoelectric “Spin” on Stimulating the Brain, 339 11.6 Bioceramics: Bone Regeneration and MNS, 348 11.7 Conclusion, 351 References, 353 12 DNA Computation in Medicine 359Noam Mamet and Ido Bachelet 12.1 Background for the Non-Biologist, 359 12.2 Introduction, 362 12.3 In Vitro Computing, 364 12.4 Computation in Vivo, 370 12.5 Challenges, 373 12.6 Glimpse into the Future, 373 References, 374 13 Graphene-Based Nanosystems for the Detection of Proteinic Biomarkers of Disease: Implication in Translational Medicine 377Farid Menaa, Sandeep Kumar Vashist, Adnane Abdelghani, and Bouzid Menaa 13.1 Introduction, 377 13.2 Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Graphene and Main Derivatives, 379 13.3 Graphene and Derivatives-Based Biosensing Nanosystems and Applications, 382 13.4 Conclusion and Perspectives, 389 Conflict of Interest, 390 Abbreviations, 390 References, 391 14 Modeling Brain Disorders in Silicon Nanotechnologies 401Alice C. Parker, Saeid Barzegarjalali, Kun Yue, Rebecca Lee, and Sukanya Patil 14.1 Introduction, 401 14.2 The BioRC Project, 402 14.3 Background: BioRC Neural Circuits, 404 14.4 Modeling Synapses with CNT Transistors, 408 14.5 Modeling OCD with Hybrid CMOS/Nano Circuits, 410 14.6 The Biological Cortical Neuron and Hybrid Electronic Cortical Neuron, 411 14.7 Biological OCD Circuit and Biomimetic Model, 412 14.8 Indirect Pathway: The Braking Mechanism, 413 14.9 Direct Pathway: The Accelerator, 414 14.10 Typical and Atypical Responses, 415 14.11 Modeling Schizophrenic Hallucinations with Hybrid CMOS/Nano Circuits, 416 14.12 Explanation for Schizophrenia Symptoms, 416 14.13 Disinhibition due to Miswiring, 418 14.14 Our Hybrid Neuromorphic Prediction Network, 418 14.15 Simulation Results, 419 14.16 Numerical Analysis of False Firing, 421 14.17 Modeling PD with CMOS Circuits, 422 14.18 Modeling MS with CMOS Circuits, 424 14.19 Demyelination Circuit, 425 14.20 Conclusions and Future Trends, 426 References, 428 15 Linking Medical Nanorobots to Pervasive Computing 431Sylvain Martel 15.1 Introduction, 431 15.2 Complementary Functionalities, 432 15.3 Main Specifications for such Nanorobotic Agents (Nanorobots), 433 15.4 Medical Nanorobotic Agents—An Example, 436 15.5 Nanorobotic Communication Links Allowing Pervasive Computing, 438 15.6 Types of Information, 439 15.7 Medical Nanorobotic Agents for Monitoring and Early Detection, 440 15.8 Medical Nanorobotics and Pervasive Computing—Main Conditions that must be met for its Feasibility, 442 15.9 Conclusion, 443 References, 444 16 Nanomedicine’s Transversality: Some Implications of the Nanomedical Paradigm 447José J. López and Mathieu Noury 16.1 Introduction, 447 16.2 Nanomedicine’s Promises, 448 16.3 Analysing Implications of the Nanomedicine Paradigm, 451 16.4 The Molecular Underpinnings of Nanomedicine’s Transversality, 456 16.5 Nanomedicine as Predictive Medicine, 457 16.6 Nanomedicine as Personalized Medicine, 460 16.7 Nanomedicine as Regenerative Medicine, 465 16.8 Conclusion, 466 References, 468 PART IV ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WIRELESS COMPUTING IN MEDICINE 473 17 Ethical Challenges of Ubiquitous Health Care 475William Sims Bainbridge 17.1 Introduction, 475 17.2 A Philosophical Framework, 478 17.3 Information Deviance, 480 17.4 The Current Frenzy, 482 17.5 Genetic Informatics, 485 17.6 Ubiquitous Information Technology, 489 17.7 Stasis versus Progress, 492 17.8 Problematic Ethics, 494 17.9 Leadership in Science and Engineering Ethics, 496 17.10 Conclusion, 498 References, 499 18 The Ethics of Ubiquitous Computing in Health Care 507Clark A. Miller, Heather M. Ross, Gaymon Bennett, and J. Benjamin Hurlbut 18.1 Introduction, 507 18.2 Ubiquitous Computing and the Transformation of Health Care: Three Visions, 511 18.3 Case Study: Cardiac Implanted Electrical Devices, 516 18.4 Ethical Reflections, 521 18.5 Conclusions: The Need for Socio-Technical Design, 534 References, 537 19 Privacy Protection of Electronic Healthcare Records in e-Healthcare Systems 541Fredrick Japhet Mtenzi 19.1 Introduction, 541 19.2 Security and Privacy Concerns of EHR in e-Healthcare Systems, 545 19.3 Privacy Laws and Regulations of EHRs, 547 19.4 Privacy of EHRs in e-Healthcare Systems, 552 19.5 Discussion and Conclusion, 558 19.6 Contributions and Future Research, 559 References, 561 20 Ethical, Privacy, and Intellectual Property Issues in Nanomedicine 567Katie Atalla, Ayush Chaudhary, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Arushi Gupta, Raj Mehta, Adarsh Nayak, Andrew Prajogi, Kodiak Ravicz, Ben Shiroma, and Pujal Trivedi 20.1 Introduction, 567 20.2 Ethical Issues, 568 20.3 Privacy Issues, 579 20.4 IP Issues, 590 20.5 Conclusion, 596 Acknowledgments, 596 References, 596 PART V CONCLUSION 601 21 Concluding Remarks 603Zhaoqi Chen, Mary Mehrnoosh Eshaghian-Wilner, Kalyani Gonde, Kodiak Ravicz, Rakshith Saligram and Mike Schlesinger 21.1 Wireless Computing in Health Care, 603 21.2 Nanomedicine, 606 21.3 Ethical, Privacy, and Intellectual Property Issues of Nanomedicine and Wireless Computing, 609 21.4 Conclusions, 610 Acknowledgments, 610 References, 610 Index 613

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers the recent advances in the development of bioelectronics systems and their potential application in future biomedical applications starting from system design to signal processing for physiological monitoring, to in situ biosensing. Advanced Bioelectronic Materials contributions from distinguished international scholars whose backgrounds mirror the multidisciplinary readership ranging from the biomedical sciences, biosensors and engineering communities with diverse backgrounds, interests and proficiency in academia and industry. The readers will benefit from the widespread coverage of the current literature, state-of-the-art overview of all facets of advanced bioelectronics materials ranging from real time monitoring, in situ diagnostics, in vivo imaging, image-guided therapeutics, biosensors, and translational biomedical devices and personalized monitoring.Table of ContentsPreface xv Part 1: Recent Advances in Bioelectronics 1 1 Micro- and Nanoelectrodes in Protein-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Nanomedicine and Other Applications 3 Niina J. Ronkainen 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Microelectrodes 7 1.2.1 Electrochemistry and Advantages of Microelectrodes 7 1.2.2 Applications, Cleaning, and Performance of Microelectrodes 16 1.3 Nanoelectrodes 18 1.3.1 Electrochemistry and Advantages of Nanoelectrodes 21 1.3.2 Applications and Performance of Nanoelectrodes 23 1.4 Integration of the Electronic Transducer, Electrode, and Biological Recognition Components (such as Enzymes) in Nanoscale-Sized Biosensors and Their Clinical Applications 26 1.5 Conclusion 27 Acknowledgment 28 References 28 2 Radio-Frequency Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecular Binding Systems 35 Hee-Jo Lee1, Sang-Gyu Kim, and Jong-Gwan Yook 2.1 Overview 35 2.2 Introduction 36 2.3 Carbon Nanotube-Based RF Biosensor 37 2.3.1 Carbon Nanotube 37 2.3.2 Fabrications of Interdigital Capacitors with Carbon Nanotube 38 2.3.3 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube 39 2.3.4 Measurement and Results 40 2.4 Resonator-Based RF Biosensor 40 2.4.1 Resonator 40 2.4.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement 42 2.4.3 Functionalization of Resonator 42 2.5 Active System-Based RF Biosensor 45 2.5.1 Principle and Configuration of System 45 2.5.2 Fabrication of RF Active System with Resonator 46 2.5.2.1 Functionalization of Resonator 46 2.5.3 Measurement and Result 47 2.6 Conclusions 49 Abbreviations 51 References 52 3 Affinity Biosensing: Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance for Molecular Diagnostics 55 S. Scarano, S. Mariani, and M. Minunni 3.1 Introduction 56 3.2 Artists of the Biorecognition: New Natural and Synthetic Receptors as Sensing Elements 58 3.2.1 Antibodies and Their Mimetics 58 3.2.2 Nucleic Acids and Analogues 62 3.2.3 Living Cells 63 3.3 Recent Trends in Bioreceptors Immobilization 65 3.4 Trends for Improvements of Analytical Performances in Molecular Diagnostics 69 3.4.1 Coupling Nanotechnology to Biosensing 70 3.4.2 Microfluidics and Microsystems 76 3.4.3 Hyphenation 78 3.5 Conclusions 78 References 80 4 Electropolymerized Materials for Biosensors 89 Gennady Evtugyn, Anna Porfi reva and Tibor Hianik 4.1 Introduction 89 4.2 Electropolymerized Materials Used in Biosensor Assembly 93 4.2.1 General Characteristic of Electropolymerization Techniques 93 4.2.2 Instrumentation Tools for Monitoring of the Redox-Active Polymers in the Biosensor Assembly 97 4.2.3 Redox-Active Polymers Applied in Biosensor Assembly 99 4.3 Enzyme Sensors 107 4.3.1 PANI-Based Enzyme Sensors 107 4.3.2 PPY and Polythiophene-Based Enzyme Sensors 117 4.3.3 Enzyme Sensors Based on Other Redox-Active Polymers Obtained by Electropolymerization 127 4.3.4 Enzyme Sensors Based on Other Polymers Bearing Redox Groups 135 4.4 Immunosensors Based on Redox-Active Polymers 137 4.5 DNA Sensors Based on Redox-Active Polymers 149 4.5.1 PANI-based DNA Sensors and Aptasensors 149 4.5.2 PPY-Based DNA Sensors 153 4.5.3 Thiophene Derivatives in the DNA Sensors 157 4.5.4 DNA Sensors Based on Polyphenazines and Other Redox-Active Polymers 159 4.6 Conclusion 162 Acknowledgments 163 References 163 Part 2 Advanced Nanostructures in Biosensing 187 5 Graphene-Based Electrochemical Platform for Biosensor Applications 189 Yusoff Norazriena, Alagarsamy Pandikumar, Huang Nay Ming, and Lim Hong Ngee2,3 5.1 Introduction 189 5.2 Graphene 192 5.3 Synthetic Methods for Graphene 195 5.4 Properties of Graphene 197 5.5 Multi-functional Applications of Graphene 199 5.6 Electrochemical Sensor 200 Graphene as Promising Materials for Electrochemical Biosensors 201 5.6.1 Graphene-Based Modified Electrode for Glucose Sensors 201 5.6.2 Graphene-Based Modified Electrode for NADH Sensors 202 5.6.3 Graphene-Based Modified Electrode for NO Sensors 204 5.6.4 Graphene-Based Modified Electrode for H2O 206 5.7 Conclusion and Future Outlooks 207 References 208 6 Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Bioimaging 215 Suresh Kumar Kailasa, Vaibhavkumar N. Mehta1, Nazim Hasan and Hui-Fen Wu 6.1 Introduction 215 6.2 CDs as Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Biomolecules and Cells 216 6.3 Conclusions and Perspectives 224 References 224 7 Enzyme Sensors Based on Nanostructured Materials 229 Nada F. Atta, Shimaa M. Ali, and Ahmed Galal 7.1 Biosensors and Nanotechnology 229 7.2 Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 230 7.2.1 Glucose Biosensors 233 7.2.2 Cholesterol Biosensors 237 7.2.3 Tyrosinase Biosensors 240 7.2.4 Urease Biosensors 243 7.2.5 Acetylcholinesterase Biosensors 244 7.2.6 Horseradish Peroxidase Biosensors 246 7.2.7 DNA Biosensors 248 7.3 Biosensors Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles 252 7.4 Biosensors Based on Quantum Dots 260 7.5 Conclusion 267 References 268 8 Biosensor Based on Chitosan Nanocomposite 277 Baoqiang Li, Yinfeng Cheng, Feng Xu, Lei Wang, Daqing Wei, Dechang Jia, Yujie Feng, and Yu Zhou 8.1 Introduction 278 8.2 Chitosan and Chitosan Nanomaterials 278 8.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Chitosan 279 8.2.2 Biocompatibility of Chitosan 280 8.2.3 Chitosan Nanomaterials 281 8.2.3.1 Blending 281 8.2.3.2 In Situ Hybridization 282 8.2.3.3 Chemical Grafting 285 8.3 Application of Chitosan Nanocomposite in Biosensor 285 8.3.1 Biosensor Configurations and Bioreceptor Immobilization 285 8.3.2 Biosensor Based on Chitosan Nanocomposite 287 8.3.2.1 Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials?Chitosan Nanocomposite 287 8.3.2.2 Biosensors Based on Metal and Metal Oxide?Chitosan Nanocomposite 290 8.3.2.3 Biosensors Based on Quantum Dots Chitosan Nanocomposite 293 8.3.2.4 Biosensors Based on IonicLiquid Chitosan Nanocomposite 293 8.4 Emerging Biosensor and Future Perspectives 294 Acknowledgments 298 References 298 Part 3 Systematic Bioelectronic Strategies 309 9 Bilayer Lipid Membrane Constructs: A Strategic Technology Evaluation Approach 311 Christina G. Siontorou 9.1 The Lipid Bilayer Concept and the Membrane Platform 312 9.2 Strategic Technology Evaluation: The Approach 318 9.3 The Dimensions of the Membrane-Based Technology 319 9.4 Technology Dimension 1: Fabrication 322 9.4.1 Suspended Lipid Platforms 322 9.4.2 Supported Lipid Platforms 327 9.4.3 Micro- and Nano-Fabricated Lipid Platforms 331 9.5 Technology Dimension 2: Membrane Modelling 333 9.6 Technology Dimension 3: Artificial Chemoreception 336 9.7 Technology Evaluation 337 9.8 Concluding Remarks 339 Abbreviations 340 References 340 10 Carbon and Its Hybrid Composites as Advanced Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors 355 S. T. Senthilkumar, K. Vijaya Sankar, J. S. Melo, A. Gedanken and R. Kalai Selvan 10.1 Introduction 356 10.1.1 Background 356 10.2 Principle of Supercapacitor 358 10.2.1 Basics of Supercapacitor 358 10.2.2 Charge Storage Mechanism of SC 360 10.2.2.1 Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) 360 10.2.2.2 Pseudocapacitors 361 10.2.2.3 Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors 364 10.3 Activated Carbon and Their Composites 366 10.4 Carbon Aerogels and Their Composite Materials 368 10.5 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Their Composite Materials 371 10.6 Two-Dimensional Graphene 374 10.6.1 Electrochemical Performance of Graphene 375 10.6.2 Graphene Composites 376 10.6.2.1 Binary Composites 376 10.6.2.2 Ternary Hybrid Electrode 378 10.6.3 Doping of Graphene with Heteroatom 380 10.7 Conclusion and Outlook 381 Acknowledgements 382 References 382 11 Recent Advances of Biosensors in Food Detection Including Genetically Modified Organisms in Food 395 T. Varzakas, Georgia-Paraskevi Nikoleli, and Dimitrios P. Nikolelis 11.1 Electrochemical Biosensors 396 11.2 DNA Biosensors for Detection of GMOs Nanotechnology 400 11.3 Aptamers 411 11.4 Voltammetric Biosensors 412 11.5 Amperometric Biosensors 413 11.6 Optical Biosensors 414 11.7 Magnetoelastic Biosensors 415 11.8 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Biosensors for Odor Detection 415 11.9 Quorum Sensing and Toxoflavin Detection 416 11.10 Xanthine Biosensors 417 11.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects 418 Acknowledgments 419 References 419 12 Numerical Modeling and Calculation of Sensing Parameters of DNA Sensors 429 Hediyeh Karimi, Farzaneh Sabbagh, Rasoul Rahmani, and M. T. Ahamdi 12.1 Introduction to Graphene 430 12.1.1 Electronic Structure of Graphene 431 12.1.2 Graphene as a Sensing Element 431 12.1.3 DNA Molecules 432 12.1.4 DNA Hybridization 432 12.1.5 Graphene-Based Field Effect Transistors 434 12.1.6 DNA Sensor Structure 435 12.1.7 Sensing Mechanism 436 12.2 Numerical Modeling 437 12.2.1 12.2.2 Modeling of the Sensing Parameter (Conductance) Current Voltage (Id?Vg) Characteristics 437Modeling 44012.2.3 Proposed Alpha Model 44112.2.4 Comparison of the Proposed NumericalModel with Experiment 444References 44713 Carbon Nanotubes and Cellulose Acetate Composite for Biomolecular Sensing 453 Padmaker Pandey, Anamika Pandey, O. P. Pandey and N. K. Shukla 13.1 Introduction 453 13.2 Background of the Work 456 13.3 Materials and Methodology 459 13.3.1 Preparation of Membranes 459 13.3.2 Immobilisation of Enzyme 460 13.3.3 Assay for Measurement of Enzymatic Reaction 460 13.4 Characterisation of Membranes 460 13.4.1 Optical Microscope Characterisation 460 13.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscope Characterisation 462 13.5 pH Measurements Using Different Membranes 462 13.5.1 For Un-immobilised Membranes 462 13.5.2 For Immobilised Membranes 462 13.6 Conclusion 464 Reference 465 14 Review of the Green Synthesis of Metal/Graphene Composites for Energy Conversion, Sensor, Environmental, and Bioelectronic Applications 467Shude Liu, K.S. Hui, and K.N. Hui 14.1 Introduction 468 14.2 Metal/Graphene Composites 468 14.3 Synthesis Routes of Graphene 469 14.3.1 CVD Synthesis of Graphene 469 14.3.2 Liquid-Phase Production of Graphene 473 14.3.3 Epitaxial Growth of Graphene 476 14.4 Green Synthesis Route of Metal/Graphene Composites 478 14.4.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Metal/Graphene Composites 479 14.4.2 Non-toxic Reducing Agent 482 14.4.3 In Situ Sonication Method 484 14.4.4 Photocatalytic Reduction Method 486 14.5 Green Application of Metal/Graphene and Doped Graphene Composites 487 14.5.1 Energy Storage and Conversion Device 487 14.5.2 Electrochemical Sensors 490 14.5.3 Wastewater Treatment 491 14.5.4 Bioelectronics 492 14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective 496 Acknowledgments 497 References 497

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fifth edition of the most accessible introduction to MRI principles and applications from renowned teachers in the field provides an understandable yet comprehensive update. Accessible introductory guide from renowned teachers in the field Provides a concise yet thorough introduction for MRI focusing on fundamental physics, pulse sequences, and clinical applications without presenting advanced math Takes a practical approach, including up-to-date protocols, and supports technical concepts with thorough explanations and illustrations Highlights sections that are directly relevant to radiology board exams Presents new information on the latest scan techniques and applications including 3 Tesla whole body scanners, safety issues, and the nephrotoxic effects of gadolinium-based contrast media Table of ContentsPreface, ix ABR study guide topics, xi 1 Production of net magnetization 1 1.1 Magnetic fields 1 1.2 Nuclear spin 2 1.3 Nuclear magnetic moments 4 1.4 Larmor precession 4 1.5 Net magnetization 6 1.6 Susceptibility and magnetic materials 8 2 Concepts of magnetic resonance 10 2.1 Radiofrequency excitation 10 2.2 Radiofrequency signal detection 12 2.3 Chemical shift 14 3 Relaxation 17 3.1 T1 relaxation and saturation 17 3.2 T2 relaxation, T2* relaxation, and spin echoes 21 4 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging – 1 26 4.1 Gradient fields 26 4.2 Slice selection 28 4.3 Readout or frequency encoding 30 4.4 Phase encoding 33 4.5 Sequence looping 35 5 Principles of magnetic resonance imaging – 2 39 5.1 Frequency selective excitation 39 5.2 Composite pulses 44 5.3 Raw data and image data matrices 46 5.4 Signal-to-noise ratio and tradeoffs 47 5.5 Raw data and k-space 48 5.6 Reduced k-space techniques 51 5.7 Reordered k-space filling techniques 54 5.8 Other k-space filling techniques 56 5.9 Phased-array coils 58 5.10 Parallel acquisition methods 60 6 Pulse sequences 65 6.1 Spin echo sequences 67 6.2 Gradient echo sequences 70 6.3 Echo planar imaging sequences 75 6.4 Magnetization-prepared sequences 77 7 Measurement parameters and image contrast 86 7.1 Intrinsic parameters 87 7.2 Extrinsic parameters 89 7.3 Parameter tradeoffs 91 8 Signal suppression techniques 94 8.1 Spatial presaturation 94 8.2 Magnetization transfer suppression 96 8.3 Frequency-selective saturation 99 8.4 Nonsaturation methods 101 9 Artifacts 103 9.1 Motion artifacts 103 9.2 Sequence/Protocol-related artifacts 105 9.3 External artifacts 119 10 Motion artifact reduction techniques 126 10.1 Acquisition parameter modification 126 10.2 Triggering/Gating 127 10.3 Flow compensation 132 10.4 Radial-based motion compensation 134 11 Magnetic resonance angiography 135 11.1 Time-of-flight MRA 137 11.2 Phase contrast MRA 141 11.3 Maximum intensity projection 144 12 Advanced imaging applications 147 12.1 Diffusion 147 12.2 Perfusion 153 12.3 Functional brain imaging 156 12.4 Ultra-high field imaging 158 12.5 Noble gas imaging 159 13 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy 162 13.1 Additional concepts 162 13.2 Localization techniques 167 13.3 Spectral analysis and postprocessing 169 13.4 Ultra-high field spectroscopy 173 14 Instrumentation 177 14.1 Computer systems 177 14.2 Magnet system 180 14.3 Gradient system 182 14.4 Radiofrequency system 184 14.5 Data acquisition system 186 14.6 Summary of system components 187 15 Contrast agents 189 15.1 Intravenous agents 190 15.2 Oral agents 195 16 Safety 196 16.1 Base magnetic field 197 16.2 Cryogens 197 16.3 Gradients 198 16.4 RF power deposition 198 16.5 Contrast media 199 17 Clinical applications 200 17.1 General principles of clinical MR imaging 200 17.2 Examination design considerations 202 17.3 Protocol considerations for anatomical regions 203 17.4 Recommendations for specific sequences and clinical situations 218 References and suggested readings 222 Index 225

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiodegradable polymers have experienced a growing interest in recent years for applications in packaging, agriculture, automotive, medicine, and other areas. One of the drivers for this development is the great quantity of synthetic plastic discarded improperly in the environment. Therefore, R&D in industry and in academic research centers, search for materials that are reprocessable and biodegradable. This unique book comprises 12 chapters written by subject specialists and is a state-of-the-art look at all types of polyethylene-based biocomposites and bionanocomposites. It includes deep discussion on the preparation, characterisation and applications of composites and nanocomposites of polyethylene-based biomaterials such as cellulose, chitin, starch, soy protein, PLA, casein, hemicellulose, PHA and bacterial cellulose.Table of ContentsPreface xv 1 Polyethylene-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites: State-of-the-Art, New Challenges and Opportunities 1 Sigrid Luftl and Visakh. P. M. 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 History of the Synthesis of Polyethylene: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Chemicals 5 1.3 Commercial Significance of PE and Bio(nano) Composites 8 1.4 State-of-the-Art 10 1.5 Preparation Methods for Nanocomposites and Bionanocomposites 28 1.6 Environmental Concerns with Regard to Nanoparticles 29 1.7 Challenges and Opportunities 30 References 31 2 Polyethylene/Chitin-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 43 Meriem Fardioui, Abou El Kacem Qaiss and Rachid Bouhfid 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Preparation of Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 45 2.3 Characterization of Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 50 2.4 Applications 62 2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 64 References 65 3 Polyethylene/Starch-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 69 Yasaman Ganji 3.1 Introduction 69 3.2 Polyethylene/Starch-based Composite 70 3.3 Conclusion 91 Abbreviations 92 References 93 4 Polyethylene/Soy Protein-based Biocomposites: Properties, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities 99 H. Ismail, S. T. Sam and K. M. Chin 4.1 Introduction 99 4.2 Processing of Soy Protein 101 4.3 Effect of Different Compatibilizers on Polyethylene/Soy Protein-based Biocomposites 102 4.4 Opportunity and Challenges 161 References 163 5 Polyethylene/Hemicellulose-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 167 K. Sudhakar, N. Naryana Reddy, K. Madhusudhana Rao, S. J. Moloi, A. Babul Reddy and E. Rotimi Sadiku 5.1 Introduction 167 5.2 Hemicellulose Structure 170 5.3 Hemicellulose Properties 176 5.4 Hemicellulose-based Biocomposites 177 5.5 Hemicellulose-based Bionanocomposites 186 5.6 Hemicellulose Applications 190 5.7 Conclusion 191 Acknowledgment 192 References 192 6 Polyethylene/Polyhydroxyalkanoates-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 201 Oluranti Agboola, Rotimi Sadiku, Touhami Mokrani, Ismael Amer, Mapula Lucey Moropeng and Munyadziwa Mercy Ramakokovhu 6.1 Introduction 202 6.2 Polyethylene/Polyhydroxyalkanoates-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 202 6.3 Conclusions 255 Abbreviations 256 References 257 7 Polyethylene/Other Biomaterials-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 279 A. Babul Reddy, B. Manjula, K. Sudhakar, V. Sivanjineyulu, T. Jayaramudu and E. R. Sadiku 7.1 Introduction 279 7.2 Polyethylene/Lignin-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 284 7.3 Polyethylene/Alginate-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 296 7.4 Polyethylene/Casein-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 302 7.5 Conclusions 307 References 308 8 Studies of Polyethylene-based Biocomposites, Bionanocomposites and Other Non-Biobased Nanocomposites 315 Norshahida Sarifuddin and Hanafi Ismail 8.1 Introduction 316 8.2 Studies of Polyethylene-based Biocomposites 317 8.3 Studies of Polyethylene-based Bionanocomposites 327 8.4 Studies of Polyethylene and Other Non-biobased Nanocomposites 334 8.5 Concluding Remarks 338 References 338 9 Biodegradation Study of Polyethylene-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 345 Sumana Ghosh 9.1 Introduction 345 9.2 Biopolymer-based Biocomposites 346 9.3 Biopolymer-based Bionanocomposites 347 9.4 Applications of Biopolymer-based Biocomposites and Bionanocomposites 347 9.5 Biodegradation 349 9.6 Biodegradation Study of Cellulose-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 350 9.7 Biodegradation Study of Chitin-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 352 9.8 Biodegradation Study of Starch-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 353 9.9 Biodegradation Study of Hemicellulose-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 355 9.10 Biodegradation Study of Polylactic Acid-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 356 9.11 Biodegradation Study of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-based Biocomposites/Bionanocomposites 357 9.12 Conclusions 360 Acknowledgments 360 References 360 10 Polyethylene-based Bio- and Nanocomposites for Packaging Applications 365 Paula A. Zapata and Humberto Palza 10.1 Introduction 366 10.2 Polyethylene-based Nanocomposites 369 10.3 Polyethylene-based Biocomposites 383 10.4 Polyethylene-based Bionanocomposites 393 10.5 Conclusions 397 References 398 11 Properties and Utilization of Plant Fibers and Nanocellulose for Thermoplastic Composites 405 Nadir Ayrilmis, Alireza Ashori and Jin Heon Kwon 11.1 Introduction 406 11.2 Plant Fibers 407 11.3 Nanocellulose 418 11.4 Conclusions 424 References 425 12 Modification of Poly(lactic acid) Matrix by Chemically Modified Flax Fiber Bundles and Poly(ethylene glycol) Plasticizer 429 A. Arbelaiz, J. Trifol, C. Pena-Rodriguez, J. Labidi and A. Eceiza 12.1 Introduction 429 12.2 Experimental 431 12.3 Results and Discussion 433 12.4 Conclusions 442 Acknowledgments 443 References 443 Index 447

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides a broad range of information from basic principles to advanced applications of biosensors and nanomaterials in health care diagnostics This book utilizes a multidisciplinary approach to provide a wide range of information on biosensors and the impact of nanotechnology on the development of biosensors for health care. It offers a solid background on biosensors, recognition receptors, biomarkers, and disease diagnostics. An overview of biosensor-based health care applications is addressed. Nanomaterial applications in biosensors and diagnostics are included, covering the application of nanoparticles, magnetic nanomaterials, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and molecularly imprinted nanostructures. The topic of organ-specific health care systems utilizing biosensors is also incorporated to provide deep insight into the very recent advances in disease diagnostics. Biosensors and Nanotechnology: Applications in Health Care Diagnostics is compTable of ContentsList of Contributors xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Section 1 Introduction to Biosensors, Recognition Elements, Biomarkers, and Nanomaterials 1 1 General Introduction to Biosensors and Recognition Receptors 3Frank Davis and Zeynep Altintas 1.1 Introduction to Biosensors 3 1.2 Enzyme‐ Based Biosensors 4 1.3 DNA‐ and RNA‐Based Biosensors 5 1.4 Antibody‐Based Biosensors 7 1.5 Aptasensors 8 1.6 Peptide‐Based Biosensors 10 1.7 MIP‐Based Biosensor 11 1.8 Conclusions 12 References 13 2 Biomarkers in Health Care 17Adama Marie Sesay, Pirkko Tervo, and Elisa Tikkanen 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Biomarkers 18 2.2.1 Advantage and Utilization of Biomarkers 18 2.2.2 Ideal Characteristics of Biomarkers 19 2.3 Biological Samples and Biomarkers 20 2.4 Personalized Health and Point‐of‐Care Technology 22 2.5 Use of Biomarkers in Biosensing Technology 24 2.6 Biomarkers in Disease Diagnosis 26 2.7 Conclusions 29 References 30 3 The Use of Nanomaterials and Microfluidics in Medical Diagnostics 35Jon Ashley and Yi Sun 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Nanomaterials in Medical Diagnostics (Bottom‐Up Approach) 36 3.2.1 Carbon Nanomaterials 37 3.2.2 Metallic Nanoparticles 39 3.2.2.1 Quantum Dots 39 3.2.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticles (Fe2O3, FeO, and Fe3O4) 41 3.2.2.3 Gold Nanoparticles 41 3.2.2.4 Silver Nanoparticles 42 3.2.2.5 Nanoshells 42 3.2.2.6 Nanocages 43 3.2.2.7 Nanowires 43 3.2.3 Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles 44 3.3 Application of Microfluidic Devices in Clinical Diagnostics (Top‐Down Approach) 45 3.3.1 Unique Features of Microfluidic Devices 45 3.3.2 Applications of Microfluidic Devices in Medical Diagnostics 46 3.3.2.1 Types of Microfluidic POC Devices 47 3.3.2.2 Benchtop Microfluidic Instruments 47 3.3.2.3 Small, Lightweight Microfluidic Devices 49 3.3.2.4 Simple Un‐instrumented Microfluidic Systems 50 3.4 Integration of Microfluidics with Nanomaterials 52 3.5 Future Perspectives of Nanomaterial and Microfluidic‐Based Diagnostics 53 References 54 Section 2 Biosensor Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnostics 59 4 SPR‐Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 61Zeynep Altintas and Wellington M. Fakanya 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 Basic Theoretical Principles 63 4.3 SPR Applications in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 66 4.3.1 SPR Biosensors in Cancer Detection 66 4.3.2 SPR Sensors in Cardiac Disease Detection 68 4.3.3 SPR Sensors in Infectious Disease Detection 71 4.4 Conclusions 72 References 74 5 Piezoelectric‐Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 77Zeynep Altintas and Noor Azlina Masdor 5.1 Introduction 77 5.2 QCM Biosensors 78 5.3 Disease Diagnosis Using QCM Biosensors 80 5.3.1 Cancer Detection Using QCM Biosensors 82 5.3.2 Cardiovascular System Disorder Detection Using Biosensors 85 5.3.3 Pathogenic Disease Detection Using QCM Biosensors 88 5.4 Conclusions 90 References 91 6 Electrochemical‐Based Biosensor Technologies in Disease Detection and Diagnostics 95Andrea Ravalli and Giovanna Marrazza 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Electrochemical Biosensors: Definitions, Principles, and Classifications 96 6.3 Biomarkers in Clinical Applications 102 6.3.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for Tumor Markers 102 6.3.2 Electrochemical Biosensors for Cardiac Markers 110 6.3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Disease 115 6.3.4 Electrochemical Biosensors for Autoimmune Infectious Disease 116 6.4 Conclusions 118 References 118 7 MEMS‐Based Cell Counting Methods 125Mustafa Kangul, Eren Aydın, Furkan Gokce, Ozge Zorlu, Ebru Ozgur, and Haluk Kulah 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 MEMS‐Based Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1 Optical Cell Counting Methods 126 7.2.1.1 Quantification of the Cells by Detecting Luminescence 127 7.2.1.2 Quantification of the Cells via High‐Resolution Imaging Techniques 130 7.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Cell Counting Methods 131 7.3.1 Impedimetric Cell Quantification 133 7.3.2 Voltammetric and Amperometric Cell Quantification 135 7.4 Gravimetric Cell Counting Methods 136 7.4.1 Deflection‐Based Cell Quantification 136 7.4.2 Resonant‐Based Cell Quantification 138 7.4.2.1 Theory of the Resonant‐Based Sensors 138 7.4.2.2 Actuation and Sensing Methods of Resonators in MEMS Applications 140 7.4.2.3 Resonator Structure Types Used for Cell Detection Applications 145 7.5 Conclusion and Comments 149 References 151 8 Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms for Disease Detection and Diagnosis 155Ziya Isiksacan, Mustafa Tahsin Guler, Ali Kalantarifard, Mohammad Asghari, and Caglar Elbuken 8.1 Introduction 155 8.2 Continuous Flow Platforms 156 8.3 Paper‐Based LOC Platforms 161 8.4 Droplet‐Based LOC Platforms 166 8.5 Digital Microfluidic‐Based LOC Platforms 169 8.6 CD‐Based LOC Platforms 172 8.7 Wearable LOC Platforms 174 8.8 Conclusion and Outlook 176 References 177 Section 3 Nanomaterial’s Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 183 9 Applications of Quantum Dots in Biosensors and Diagnostics 185Zeynep Altintas, Frank Davis, and Frieder W. Scheller 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Quantum Dots: Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Surface Chemistry 186 9.3 Biosensor Applications of QDs 187 9.4 Other Biological Applications of QDs 191 9.5 Water Solubility and Cytotoxicity 194 9.6 Conclusion 196 References 197 10 Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures in Biosensors and Diagnostics 201Deniz Aktas‐Uygun, Murat Uygun, and Sinan Akgol 10.1 Introduction 201 10.2 Molecular Imprinted Polymers 202 10.3 Imprinting Approaches 204 10.4 Molecularly Imprinted Nanostructures 205 10.5 MIP Biosensors in Medical Diagnosis 207 10.6 Diagnostic Applications of MIP Nanostructures 210 10.7 Conclusions 212 References 213 11 Smart Nanomaterials: Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 219Frank Davis, Flavio M. Shimizu, and Zeynep Altintas 11.1 Introduction 219 11.2 Metal Nanoparticles 221 11.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles 226 11.4 Carbon Nanotubes 231 11.5 Graphene 235 11.6 Nanostructured Metal Oxides 242 11.7 Nanostructured Hydrogels 247 11.8 Nanostructured Conducting Polymers 254 11.9 Conclusions and Future Trends 260 References 262 12 Applications of Magnetic Nanomaterials in Biosensors and Diagnostics 277Zeynep Altintas 12.1 Introduction 277 12.2 MNP‐Based Biosensors for Disease Detection 279 12.3 MNPs in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy 284 12.4 Cellular Applications of MNPs in Biosensing, Imaging, and Therapy 289 12.5 Conclusions 290 References 291 13 Graphene Applications in Biosensors and Diagnostics 297Adina Arvinte and Adama Marie Sesay 13.1 Introduction 297 13.2 Graphene and Biosensors 298 13.2.1 Structure 298 13.2.2 Preparation 299 13.2.3 Properties 301 13.2.4 Commercialization in the Field of Graphene Sensors 302 13.2.5 Latest Developments in Graphene‐based Diagnosis 303 13.3 Medical Applications of Graphene 303 13.3.1 Electrochemical Graphene Biosensors for Medical Diagnostics 304 13.3.1.1 Glucose Detection 304 13.3.1.2 Cysteine Detection 307 13.3.1.3 Cholesterol Detection 309 13.3.1.4 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) 310 13.3.1.5 Glycated Hemoglobin 312 13.3.1.6 Neurotransmitters 312 13.3.1.7 Amyloid‐Beta Peptide 315 13.3.2 Electrochemical Graphene Aptasensors 316 13.3.2.1 Nucleic Acids 316 13.3.2.2 Cancer Cell 318 13.3.3 Optical Graphene Sensors for Medical Diagnostics 319 13.4 Conclusions 322 Acknowledgments 322 References 322 Section 4 Organ-Specific Health Care Applications for Disease Cases Using Biosensors 327 14 Optical Biosensors and Applications to Drug Discovery for Cancer Cases 329Zeynep Altintas 14.1 Introduction 329 14.2 Biosensor Technology and Coupling Chemistries 332 14.3 Optical Biosensors for Drug Discovery 335 14.4 Computational Simulations and New Approaches for Drug–Receptor Interactions 341 14.5 Conclusions 343 References 344 15 Biosensors for Detection of Anticancer Drug–DNA Interactions 349Arzum Erdem, Ece Eksin, and Ece Kesici 15.1 Introduction 349 15.2 Electrochemical Techniques 351 15.3 Optical Techniques 356 15.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique 358 15.5 QCM Technique 360 15.6 Conclusions 361 Acknowledgments 361 References 361 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisEvidence-based Implant Treatment Planning and Clinical Protocols provides a systematic approach to making treatment decisions and performing restorative procedures. Offers a clinically relevant resource grounded in the latest research Applies an evidence-based approach to all aspects of implant dentistry, including maxillofacial prosthodontics, from planning to surgery and restoration Describes procedures in detail with accompanying images Covers all stages of treatment, from planning to execution Includes access to a companion website with video clips demonstrating procedures and the figures from the book in PowerPoint Trade Review"This book is well written and organized. The approach is evidence based, with the majority of the focus on treatment planning for implants in patients who are partially or completely edentulous. The pairing of the book with the website is very helpful to visual learners and those who have limited experience with implant placement." (Doody Enterprises 28/04/2017)Table of ContentsContributors, viForeword, viii Prologue, ix Acknowledgments, xi About the Companion Website, xii 1 The State of the Evidence in Implant Prosthodontics, 1Gary R. Goldstein 2 Systemic Factors Influencing Dental Implant Therapy, 11Steven J. Sadowsky 3 Maintenance Considerations in Treatment Planning Implant Restorations, 22Donald A. Curtis, Hamilton Le, and Roy T. Yanase 4 Three-Dimensional Radiographic Imaging for Implant Positioning, 36Anders Nattestad 5 Decision Making in Bone Augmentation to Optimize Dental Implant Therapy, 46Jaime L. Lozada, Istvan Urban, and Joseph Y.K. Kan 6 Immediate Implant Placement and Provisionalization of Maxillary Anterior Single Implants, 57Joseph Y.K. Kan, Kitichai Rungcharassaeng, and Jaime L. Lozada 7 Surgical Complications in Implant Placement, 67Paul B. Greenawalt 8 Failure in Osseointegration, 77Kumar C. Shah, S. Andrew Chapokas, and Sreenivas Koka 9 Implant Restoration of the Partially Edentulous Patient, 85Steven J. Sadowsky 10 Prosthodontic Considerations in the Implant Restoration of the Esthetic Zone, 109Ghadeer Thalji and Sandra Al-Tarawneh 11 Ceramic Materials in Implant Dentistry, 123Parag R. Kachalia 12 Cement-Retained Implant Restorations: Problems and Solutions, 134Chandur P.K. Wadhwani 13 Implant Restoration of the Growing Patient, 159Clark M. Stanford 14 Occlusion: the Role in Implant Prosthodontics, 169Avinash S. Bidra and Thomas D. Taylor 15 Evolving Technologies in Implant Prosthodontics, 184David G. Gratton 16 Implant Dentistry: Challenges in the Treatment of the Edentulous Patient, 207Steven J. Sadowsky, Howard M. Landesman, and W. Peter Hansen 17 Implant Restoration of the Maxillary Edentulous Patient, 221Nicola U. Zitzmann 18 Implant Restoration of the Mandibular Edentulous Patient, 241Steven J. Sadowsky 19 Material Considerations in the Fabrication of Prostheses for Completely Edentulous Patients, 269James A. Kelly and Thomas J. Salinas 20 Digital Alternatives in the Implant Restoration of the Edentulous Patient, 293Mathew T. Kattadiyil 21 Restoration of Acquired Oral Defects with Osseointegrated Implants, 302John Beumer, III, Karl Lyons, Jay Jayanetti, and Eric C. Sung 22 Implant-Retained Restoration of the Craniofacial Patient, 325Robert Ferguson Wright, Glenn E. Minsley, and Sun-Yung Bak 23 Peri-Implant Diseases, 349Brian Kucey and Elena Hernandez-Kucey Epilogue, 377 Index, 379

Read more less

Book SynopsisShimizu''s Dermatology, Second Edition provides practical, didactic, and rapid-reference advice on diagnosis and management of the most common dermatologic conditions.Written by one of the world''s leading experts, and a best-seller in Japan where it was first published, the second edition is cohesive, richly illustrated, attractively presented, and fully revised to reflect the latest in clinical developments. This complete dermatology resource offers: Over 2,000 clinical images to aid rapid and easy diagnosis 100% clinically focused chapters describing the clinical features, classifications, pathogeneses, pathologies, treatments and lab findings of diseases Key points and tips and tricks in every chapter for practical guidance Attractive color presentation throughout, with high-quality clinical images Improve your knowledge of skin conditions and their management with this concise, user-friendly, alternative to larger refTrade Review"There are so many introductory dermatology books that it is surprising to find one that distinguishes itself from all the others. This second edition (the first edition was published 2007) achieves the perfect balance between discussing basic dermatologic principles for nondermatologists and informing readers about the complexities and concerns that seasoned dermatologists would take into consideration with regards to evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment...All in all, this is a terrific book because it addresses the major pertinent concepts for understanding dermatology...Dermatology primers have different strengths. This book does it all." (Doody Enterprises June 2017) Table of Contents1 Structure and function of the skin 1 2 Histopathology of the skin 43 3 Dermoscopy 57 4 Description of skin lesions 67 5 Diagnosis of skin diseases 81 6 Treatment of skin diseases 92 7 Eczema and dermatitis 116 8 Urticaria prurigo and pruritus 134 9 Erythema and erythroderma 145 10 Drug‐induced skin reactions and graft‐versus‐host disease 158 11 Vasculitis purpura and other vascular diseases 171 12 Collagen diseases 203 13 Physicochemical injury and photosensitive diseases 234 14 Blistering and pustular diseases 254 15 Disorders of keratinization 285 16 Disorders of skin color 325 17 Metabolic disorders 340 18 Disorders of the dermis and subcutaneous fat 363 19 Disorders of the skin appendages 387 20 Nevi and neurocutaneous syndromes 405 21 Benign skin tumors 439 22 Malignant skin tumors lymphomas and melanomas 481 23 Viral infections 528 24 Bacterial infections 556 25 Fungal diseases 576 26 Mycobacterial infections 593 27 Sexually transmitted infections 605 28 Skin diseases caused by arthropods (insects spiders crustaceans) and other noxious animals 613 Appendix: Main genodermatoses and their causative genes and proteins 626 Index 630

Read more less

Book SynopsisA large percentage of skilled dental professionals lack the tools and comfort level required to market themselves and their dental implant practices effectively As a consequence, these dental professionals miss several opportunities to help patients and grow their business. Even those who recognize the need for marketing often don't have the experience or training to do so effectively. Marketing Implant Dentistry meets this need by giving dentists the tools to better market and promote their practices and to gain case acceptance.Marketing Implant Dentistry presents proven approaches for attracting dental implant patients and demonstrates the use of successful communication skills, including verbal and visual aids. This book details multiple examples of patient friendly and professional letters for use in targeting both new implant patients and professional referral sources. Readers will learn the benefits of adopting non-traditional approaches such as hostiTable of ContentsForeword viii Introduction x 1 Visual aids and verbal skills 1 Physicians make great use of visual aids 2 Better to show empathy, not sympathy 2 Implants are worth more than replacing missing teeth 4 Everything begins with asking the right questions 4 The power of visual aids 6 Verbal skills 11 Work out the financials 13 Dental implant models 16 Elevator pitch 18 Could it be that your case presentation just sucks? 19 Implant animations 20 Leveraging your auxiliary staff for animation demos 23 Summary 24 2 Patient education seminars 25 Lasik eye surgery education seminars 26 Using patient education seminars to attract dental implant patients 27 Seminar location 28 The presentation 30 The body of your presentation 34 Presentation conclusion 43 The postpresentation process 45 Advertising your patient education seminars 47 Summary 49 3 Partnering with physicians for dental implants 51 A physician’s endorsement of you could be priceless 52 Speak in a language the physician understands 53 Unconventional methods can lead to extraordinary results 55 Targeting endocrinologists and orthopedic surgeons for patient referrals 56 Targeting the gastroenterologist doctors 58 Targeting otolaryngologists (aka ENT doctors) 61 Targeting plastic surgeons for patient referrals 63 Targeting obstetrician and gynecologists (OB/GYN) 64 Other healthcare providers to target 65 Keep your expectations realistic 67 Physicians need dental implants too 68 Comarketing efforts 69 Summary 70 4 Marketing full]arch implant dentistry in your practice 71 Tissue]borne dentures: The short]term solution 73 Targeting your denture wearers first 75 Face]to]face with the denture patient 77 Immediate load/immediate function 79 Targeting removable partial denture and fixed partial denture patients for immediate load 81 Presenting the treatment plan for immediate load 81 The failing partial]denture: Post]op examination discussion 82 Consultation with the immediate]load candidate 87 Making financial arrangements 95 Establish goals for immediate]load production 96 Summary 97 5 Implant marketing for the surgical specialist 98 Who moved my implant? 99 Meeting the needs of restorative doctor 100 Sharing case reports with restorative doctors 103 Edentulous patient implant study group 105 Target your top two to five referral sources’ patient base 112 Patients and professionals are used to direct]to]consumer advertising 114 You too should go direct to consumer 115 Strategies for going direct to consumer 116 The prosthodontist specialty 118 Role of an implant coordinator 120 Expand your geographical range 122 Reducing clinical limitations is crucial 123 Summary 126 6 Database marketing 128 Automate your data entry as much as possible 130 Querying your removable partial]denture patients for in]depth insight 131 Collecting the right data through patient surveys is crucial 133 How you structure your survey is important 135 SurveyMonkey.com: Use it! 135 Tailor your marketing efforts to match your research findings 136 Automate your marketing correspondence 137 Define your missing teeth demographics 138 The numbers don’t lie 140 Build rapport year]round 141 Target each demographic in your database for implants 142 Reactivate your inactive patients 143 Drop your buckets where you are 144 Summary 145 7 Internet presence 146 Website 147 YouTube 150 Google Adwords 152 Landing page (or squeeze page) 153 Social media 154 Rating sites 163 Summary 164 Works cited 165 Index 167

Read more less

Book SynopsisDental Practice Transition: A Practical Guide to Management, Second Edition, helps readers navigate through options such as starting a practice, associateships, and buying an existing practice with helpful information on business systems, marketing, staffing, and money management. Unique comprehensive guide for the newly qualified dentist Covers key aspects of practice management and the transition into private practice Experienced editorial team provides a fresh, balanced and in-depth look at this vitally important subject New and expanded chapters on dental insurance, patient communication, personal finance, associateships, embezzlement, and dental service organizations Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix About the Companion Website xi Part 1 An Introduction to the Practice Transition, Dental Practice Financial Statements, and Practice Financial Analysis 1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview 3David G. Dunning and Brian M. Lange Chapter 2 Financial Statements 23David O. Willis Chapter 3 Practice Financial Analysis 35David O. Willis Part 2 Ownership: Business Planning, Practice Valuation, Dental Equipment, Buying/Buying into a Practice, Starting a Practice, Financing a Practice and Business Entities 51 Chapter 4 Business Planning: Fromthe Perspective of theDentist and the Banker 53Nader A. Nadershahi, Lucinda J. Lyon, and Lisa Itaya Chapter 5 Understanding Practice Valuation 85C. Steven Wolff, DDS Chapter 6 Dental Equipment 97Mike Wacker Chapter 7 Buying/Buying into a Practice 113Nader A. Nadershahi and Lucinda J. Lyon Chapter 8 Starting a Dental Practice 133David G. Dunning, Bradley Alderman, and Tyler Smith Chapter 9 Financing a Practice 153Gavin Shea Chapter 10 Business Entities 169Arthur S. Wiederman and Ross L. Crist Part 3 Business Systems and Related Issues: Incorporating Technology, Dental Fees and Financial Policies, Dental Benefits, Appointment Scheduling, Compliance, and Embezzlement 189 Chapter 11 Incorporating Technology 191Thomas Terronez Chapter 12 Dental Fees, Fee Setting, and Financial Policies for Patients 203Robert D. Madden and Eugene Heller Chapter 13 Dental Benefits 231Kristen Strasheim, RDH, BSDH Chapter 14 Appointment Scheduling Strategies 245Dunn H. Cumby Chapter 15 Compliance with Government Regulations 275Ronda Anderson Chapter 16 Understanding Embezzlement 287David Harris Part 4 Marketing and Patient Communication 307 Chapter 17 External Marketing 309Darold Opp Chapter 18 Internal Marketing and Customer Service 323Amy Kirsch Chapter 19 Chairside Communication with Patients 337David G. Dunning and Brian M. Lange Part 5 Associateships and Dental Support Organizations 347 Chapter 20 About Associateships 349Richard S. Callan Chapter 21 Dental Support Organizations 369Rick Workman Part 6 Managing Staff: Human Resources/Compliance, Managing Dental Teams, and Staff Meetings 383 Chapter 22 Human Resources and Employment Compliance 385Tim Twigg and Rebecca Boartfield Chapter 23 Managing Dental Teams 401Amy Kirsch Chapter 24 Staff Meetings 421David Neumeister Part 7 Money Management: Insuring a Practice; and Personal Finance, Investments, and Retirement Options 443 Chapter 25 Insuring a Dental Practice 445James E. Spitsen Chapter 26 Personal Finance, Investments, and Retirement Options 471William “Dana” Webb and Brian M. Lange Index 489

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first guide to identifying and assessing changes following urologic surgerywith follow-up protocols What is the normal appearance of a kidney after radio frequency ablation of a tumor and what does a local recurrence look like? How does the urine flow down the ureters after a trans-uretero-ureterostomy? What is the normal appearance of the urinary tract after a cystoplasty? Most clinicians would be hard-pressed to provide answers to such fundamental questions concerning post-surgical anatomy and physiology, and equally challenged to find evidence-based information on the subject. Most of the literature in radiology and urologic surgery is orientated towards diagnosis and disease management. Although this often includes complications and outcomes, the clinician is often in the dark as to the anatomical and physiological changes that follow successful treatmentespecially in cases involving conservative or reconstructive surgery. To rectify this, the editors inTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiiiAcknowledgements xv Introduction 1 Christopher Woodhouse and Alex Kirkham 1 Subtotal Nephrectomy and Tumour Ablation 5 David Nicol, Alison Elstob, Christopher Anderson, and Graham Munneke Introduction 5 Procedures 5 Partial Nephrectomy 5 Early Imaging 6 Late Imaging 7 Ablative Therapies 10 Complications 13 Successful Tumour Ablation 14 Treatment Failure 15 Surveillance 18 Follow-up Imaging 18 Partial Nephrectomy 18 Ablative Therapies 19 Surveillance 19 Conclusions 19 References 20 2 Renal Transplantation 23 Rhana H. Zakri, Giles Rottenberg, and Jonathon Olsburgh Introduction 23 The Role of Ultrasound Imaging 23 Vascular Complications 23 Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis 23 Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis 25 Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis 26 Arteriovenous Fistula 27 Follow-up 27 Urological Complications 27 Ureteric Complications 28 Anastomotic Urinary Leak or Urinoma 28 Missed Duplex Transplant Ureter 29 Ureteric Stenosis 30 Transplant Ureteric Reflux 30 Bladder Complications 30 Urinary Fistulae 30 General Complications 31 Lymphocoeles 31 Renal Transplant Stone Disease 31 Renal Transplant Trauma 32 Oncological Complications 32 Transplant Renal Cell Carcinoma 32 Transplant Ureteric Transitional Cell Carcinoma 33 Conclusions 33 References 34 3 Imaging After Endo-urological Stone Treatment 37 Daron Smith and Clare Allen Introduction 37 The Procedures 37 Conservative Management 37 Ureteric Stones: Results and Complications 41 Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 41 Ureteroscopy 41 Renal Stones: Results and Complications 44 Flexible Ureterorenoscopy 44 Percutaneous Surgery 46 Complications and Follow-up 48 Residual Fragments After ESWL, URS, FURS and PCNL 48 Radiation Exposure for Patients with Stones 53 References 54 4 Pelvi-ureteric Junction Reconstruction 57 Mohamed Ismail and Hash Hashim Introduction 57 Antenatal Hydronephrosis 57 Pathophysiological Effect of True Pelvi-ureteric Obstruction 58 Physiological and Anatomical Changes in the Kidney Following Pyeloplasty 59 Incidental PUJO in adults 61 Long-term Follow-up 62 Conclusions 63 References 64 5 Retroperitoneal Fibrosis 67 Paul Scheel and Bruce Berlanstein Introduction 67 Available Treatments 67 Medical Therapy 67 Surgical Treatment 69 Follow-up 70 Imaging 70 Stent Removal 70 Complications 71 Stent-related Complications 71 Hydrocoeles 73 Long-term Follow-up 73 Recurrent Disease 74 References 75 6 Urinary Diversion 77 Christopher Woodhouse and Alex Kirkham Introduction 77 The Procedures 77 Clinical Follow-up of Ileal Conduits 78 Postoperative Imaging 78 The ‘Loopogram’ 78 Ultrasound 81 Nephrostomy and Antegrade Imaging 83 Monitoring of Asymptomatic Patients 83 Management of Bacteriuria and Sepsis 84 References 85 7 Ureteric Reconstruction and Replacement 87 Christopher Woodhouse and Aslam Sohaib Introduction 87 Procedures 87 Stents and Nephrostomies 87 Uretero-pyelostomy 87 Uretero-calycostomy 88 Trans-uretero-ureterostomy 88 Ureteric Re-implantation 88 Autotransplantation 90 Intestine 90 Complex Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction 90 Other Materials and Experimental Techniques 90 Clinical Follow-up and Complications 91 Stents and Nephrostomies 91 Reconstruction with Urothelium 94 Autotransplantation 95 Intestine 96 References 98 8 Conservative and Reconstructive Bladder Surgery 101 Pardeep Kumar Introduction 101 Extravasation 101 Bladder Perforation 101 Reconstruction Following Ureteric Injury and Partial Cystectomy 103 The Irradiated Bladder 106 Complications After Posterior Exenteration 106 Conclusions 107 References 107 9 Bladder Augmentation in Children 109 Paddy Dewan and Padma Rao Introduction 109 The Procedures 109 Augmentation with Ileum or Colon 109 Gastrocystoplasty 109 Seromuscular Cystoplasty 109 Auto-augmentation 110 Uretero-cystoplasty 110 Clinical Follow-up 111 Postoperative Imaging 113 Complications of Enterocystoplasty 115 Metabolic and Electrolyte Disorders 115 Stones 115 Perforation 117 Neoplastic Progression 118 Unique Complications of Gastrocystoplasty 119 Hypochloraemic Metabolic Alkalosis 119 Hypergastrinaemia 119 Haematuria-Dysuria Syndrome 120 Changes Over Time 120 References 121 10 Radiology and Follow-up of the Neobladder 125 Richard Hautmann and Bjoern G. Volkmer Introduction 125 The Procedure 125 Radical Cystectomy in Females 125 Radical Cystectomy in Males 125 The Neobladder 125 Postoperative Imaging 126 Clinical Follow-up 127 Clinical Examination 127 Bladder and Urine Investigations 128 Renal Investigations 128 Oncologic Follow-up Specific to the Neobladder 132 Local Recurrence 132 Secondary Tumour Growth in Urinary Diversions for Benign Disease 134 Complications 135 Complications up to 90 Days 135 Long-term Complications 135 Changes Over Time 136 Reservoir Control 136 Incontinence 136 Voiding Failure (Hypercontinence) 136 Metabolic Changes (see also Chapter 11) 138 References 138 11 General Consequences of Lower Urinary Tract Replacement and Reconstruction 141 Christopher Woodhouse and Alex Kirkham Introduction 141 Reservoirs 141 The Stomach 141 Ileum 141 Gastrointestinal Consequences 141 Storage Consequences 143 Colon 143 Gastrointestinal Consequences 143 Storage Consequences 143 Rectum 145 Continence (Mainz II) 146 Anastomotic Cancer 147 Urodynamic Findings 149 Stones 149 Renal Function 151 Perforation 151 Histological Changes 153 Infection 155 Neoplasia 156 Urine Testing for Pregnancy 157 The Conduit and Continence 157 References 158 12 Surgery on the Benign Prostate 163 Doug Pendse and Mark R. Feneley Introduction 163 Procedures 163 Outcomes and Complications 165 Postoperative Failure to Void 166 Continued Failure to Void or Unsatisfactory Voiding 166 Sexual Function 168 Incontinence 170 Stricture 170 Unexpected Malignancy 171 Changes Over Time 171 References 172 13 Imaging After Treatment of Prostate Cancer 177 Alex Kirkham Introduction 177 Appearances After Radical Prostatectomy 177 Residual Tumour After Radical Prostatectomy 179 The Prostate After Ablative Therapies 179 Early Appearances 180 Early Complications 181 Appearances at 2–5 Months 182 Appearances at 6 Months: Assessing Residual and Recurrent Tumour 182 Nuclear Medicine Studies 184 A Schedule for Follow-up 184 References 184 14 Urethroplasty 189 Simon Bugeja, Clare Allen, and Daniella E. Andrich Introduction 189 Pericatheter Urethrogram 189 Ascending and Descending Urethrography 190 Radiological Appearance After Different Types of Urethroplasty 191 Traumatic Strictures 192 Idiopathic Bulbar Strictures 193 Penile Urethroplasty 193 Use of Ultrasound in Urethroplasty Follow-up 194 Follow-up After Urethroplasty 196 Radiological Appearance and Surgical Management of Recurrent Strictures After Urethroplasty 197 References 198 15 The Postoperative Appearance and Follow-up of Urinary Tract Prostheses 201 Alex Kirkham Introduction 201 Penile Prostheses 201 Normal Appearance and Imaging Techniques 201 Problems of Positioning and Length 203 Artificial Urinary Sphincters 204 Disorders of Function and Position 205 InfectioninImplantedDevices 206 Metallic Stents 208 References 208 Index 211

Read more less

Book SynopsisHow to Survive Dental Performance Difficulties offers an authoritative guide for successfully navigating and overcoming dental performance issues. Offers a practical guide for preventing and overcoming dental performance issuesHighlights case studies of dental professionals who have direct experience of being referred for fitness to practise issuesIncludes information on the support available to dental professionals, the requirements that need to be met, and how to meet themContains information on the effective use of evidence, improvement practice tools such as personal development plans, continuing professional education, reflective diaries, and auditsOffers guidance on how to increase self-awareness and insight Table of ContentsForeword, ix Acknowledgements, xi Abbreviations, xiii Chapter 1 The basics of performance, 1 Introduction, 1 What is performance? 3 What is poor performance? 6 Fitness to practise, 9 Red door/green door, 10 Chapter 2 Background and contributory factors: How performance issues can arise, 13 Introduction, 13 Pressures on dentists, 14 Factors that underpin poor performance, 15 Chapter 3 Professionalism, 27 What is professionalism? 27 What does professionalism encompass? 30 How should a professional behave? 30 Societal expectations of professionals, 31 Character, 32 Building blocks of character, 33 Ethical frameworks within which professionals operate, 34 How does character relate to professionalism? 36 Tests of integrity, 36 Virtue ethics, 37 Honesty and dishonesty, 38 Communication, 42 Criminal record, convictions and cautions, 43 Scotland, 45 Protected conviction or caution, 45 Chapter 4 Regulation of dentistry and dental professionals, 48 Regulation, 48 General Medical Council, 49 General Pharmaceutical Council, 50 General Dental Council, 50 Registration, 51 NHS England, 52 Care Quality Commission, 53 Healthcare Inspectorate Wales, 54 Scotland, 54 Northern Ireland, 55 Professional Standards Authority, 56 Regulation of Dental Services Programme Board, 57 Health and Safety Executive, 58 Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 59 Right‐touch regulation, 60 Chapter 5 Organisations that play a supporting role, 63 Specialist indemnity providers, 63 Educational support, 64 Health support, 67 Mentoring/professional support, 68 Advisory support, 69 Conclusion, 70 Chapter 6 The anatomy of a fitness to practise case, 72 Introduction, 72 Fitness to practise, 74 General Dental Council, 74 Fitness to practise process, 75 Interim Orders Committee, 77 Investigating Committee, 77 Practice Committees, 78 Sanctions, 78 Convictions/cautions, 82 Analysis, 83 Erasure, 86 Conclusion, 91 Chapter 7 The registrant’s journey, personal statements and case studies, 93 How it can begin, 94 The Hero’s Journey, 95 Case studies, 101 Stages of change or grief, 111 Taking a preventive approach, 113 Chapter 8 Building self‐awareness and insight, 115 Self‐awareness, 116 Insight, 116 Learning styles, 119 Tools to deepen self‐awareness, 124 Conclusion, 138 Chapter 9 Tools that can help, 140 Personal development plan, 141 Peer review, 144 Professional discussion and dialogue, 144 Case studies and presentations, 145 Clinical audit, 146 Staff meetings, 148 Patient surveys (feedback), 148 360° multisource feedback, 150 Standards, national guidelines, 151 Working with a mentor, 151 Working with a coach, 152 Appendix A Personal development plan template, 154 Appendix B Patient engagement questionnaire, 156 Appendix C Influencing skills questionnaire – 360° colleague feedback, 157 Chapter 10 Supporting colleagues who struggle, 160 Being non‐judgemental, 160 Listening, 160 Paraphrasing, 161 Questioning, 161 Guiding, 161 Reflective practice/writing and learning, 161 Working one to one, 172 Force field analysis, 176 Neurological levels, 177 Conclusion, 181 Index, 183

Read more less

Book SynopsisDental Management of the Pregnant Patient is the first book to focus on treating dental patients during pregnancy. The first book to compile all of the knowledge for managing pregnant patients into a single sourceOffers a comprehensive approach to the physiological changes in pregnancy, clinical considerations for treating pregnant patients, and discussion of medical emergenciesCovers medications, oral disease, tumors, trauma, management of gynecological emergencies, and moreTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Ethical Issues in the Treatment of the Pregnant Patient 1Christos A. Skouteris References 3 Further Reading 3 2 Physiologic Changes and Their Sequelae in Pregnancy 5Christos A. Skouteris Cardiovascular 5 Respiratory 6 Hematologic 8 Gastrointestinal 10 Genitourinary 12 Endocrine 14 Immunologic 15 Dermatologic 16 Musculoskeletal 17 Psychologic and Behavioral Changes 17 References 18 Further Reading 19 3 Implications of Physiologic Changes in the Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient 25Christos A. Skouteris Cardiovascular Changes: Management Considerations 25 Respiratory Changes: Management Considerations 25 Hematologic Changes: Management Considerations 26 Gastrointestinal Changes: Management Considerations 27 Genitourinary Changes: Management Considerations 28 Endocrine Changes: Management Considerations 28 Immunologic Changes: Management Considerations 29 Dermatologic Changes: Management Considerations 29 Musculoskeletal Changes: Management Considerations 30 Psychologic and Behavioral Changes: Management Considerations 31 Reference 31 Further Reading 31 4 General Principles for the Comprehensive Treatment of the Pregnant Patient 33Christos A. Skouteris Recording of Pregnancy Status before Treatment 33 Diagnostic Imaging Modalities in Pregnancy 34 Medications, Substance Abuse, and Their Implications in the Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient 38 Procedural Sedation (Oral, N2O, Intravenous) 57 General Anesthesia 60 References 64 Further Reading 65 5 Dental and Oral Diseases in Pregnancy 71Christos A. Skouteris Prenatal Counseling and Prevention 71 Further Reading 73 6 Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Diseases and Conditions and Their Treatment 75 Treatment of Dental Disease 75Benjamin Craig Cornwall Odontogenic Oral and Maxillofacial Infections in Pregnancy 85Kyriaki C. Marti Benign Diseases and Conditions 90Christos A. Skouteris Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Malignancy in Pregnancy 93James Murphy and Brent B. Ward Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma in Pregnancy 100Igor Makovey and Sean P. Edwards References 106 Further Reading 106 7 Postnatal Considerations 113Kyriaki C. Marti Medical Contraindications to Breastfeeding 113 Breastfeeding and Infant Oral Health 113 Procedures and Medications During Breastfeeding 115 References 121 Further Reading 122 8 Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in Pregnancy 125Kyriaki C. Marti Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy 125 BLS 125 ACLS 126 Further Reading 128 9 Obstetric]Gynecologic Emergencies 129Christos A. Skouteris Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 129 Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy 131 Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy 134 Labor and On]Scene Delivery 135 Further Reading 142 Appendices 143 Appendix 1 Cardiovascular Changes 145 Appendix 2 Cardiovascular Changes 146 Appendix 3 Respiratory Changes 147 Appendix 4 Hematologic Changes 148 Appendix 5 Gastrointestinal Changes 149 Appendix 6 Genitourinary Changes 150 Appendix 7 Endocrine Changes: Insulin Gestational Activity 151 Appendix 8 OB-GYN Emergencies 152 Appendix 9 OB-GYN Emergencies 153 Appendix 10 OB-GYN Emergencies 154 Appendix 11 Most Important Physiologic Changes Per Trimester of Pregnancy 155 Appendix 12 Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Pregnancy 156 Appendix 13 Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma in Pregnancy 159 Reader’s Self]Assessment Quiz 161 Index 169

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn accessible, one-stop guide to getting the most out of dental photography in clinical practice Dental photography is an increasingly important part of dental care in general practices, hospitals, and specialist clinics. The uses of dental photographs are numerous, such as monitoring treatment outcomes, educating patients, promoting services, and providing evidence for litigation or regulatory purposes. Essentials of Dental Photography is a user-friendly guide to incorporating dental photographs into daily practice. Containing real-world advice and proven techniques, this book helps clinicians understand and apply the fundamental principles of dental photography. Accessible chapters cover every major aspect of dental photography and answer the most common questions asked by clinicians. Step-by-step instructions show readers how to select the correct photographic and dental equipment, setup equipment for a variety of dental procedures, process images using photo-editing software, anTable of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Section 1 Equipment and Concepts 1 1 Photographic Equipment 3 Cameras 4 Sensors 6 Resolution 9 Sensor Speed or ISO 13 Sensor Cleaning 13 Colour (Bit) Depth 15 White Balance 16 Focusing 16 External Flash 17 Remote Shutter Release 17 Lenses 17 Lighting 19 Supports 23 Other photographic items 25 References 25 2 Dental Armamentarium and Clinical Considerations 27 Retractors 27 Photographic Mirrors and Contrasters 27 Field of View 30 Cross‐infection Control 31 Health and Safety 32 Location 33 Supports 39 Delegation 40 Patient Consent 41 References 42 3 Technical Concepts and Settings 45 Every Picture Tells a Story 45 Setting the Tone 48 Lighting 48 Depth of Field 52 Exposure and Histogram 57 White Balance 63 Resolution 64 Other Settings 68 References 68 4 Composition and Standardisation 69 Composition 69 Dominance 69 Positioning 72 Leading the Eye 79 Balance 83 Standardisation 84 Standardisable Factors 89 Non‐standardisable Factors 92 References 94 Section 2 Photographic Set‐ups 97 5 Extra‐Oral and Intra‐Oral Images 99 Positioning 99 The Essential Dental Portfolio 101 Extra‐Oral (Dento‐Facial) Compositions 103 Intra‐Oral Compositions 107 Optional Compositions 117 References 135 6 Portraiture 137 Lighting for Portraiture 137 Manipulating Light 138 Colour Temperature 138 Direction: Key Light 140 Intensity and Size 147 Fill Light 150 Background Light 153 Clinical Portraiture Set‐Up 154 The Essential Portrait Portfolio 156 Optional Clinical Portraits 164 Non‐clinical Portraiture Set‐up 166 Generic Studio Portrait 167 Flattering Portrait 167 Profile Portrait 168 Coloured Gel Portrait 170 Classical Smile Line Portrait 171 Clinical vs. Non‐clinical Portraiture 173 References 173 7 Bench Images 175 Uses of Bench Images 175 Backgrounds and Supports 178 Lighting 183 Bench Image Set‐ups 184 Equipment Settings 186 Dental Casts (Models) with Black Background 189 Dental Cast with Coloured Background 190 Implant Supported Temporary Crown with Red Background 190 Perspex Backgrounds 193 Bokeh Composition 195 Stroboscopic Effect 196 References 202 8 Special Applications 203 Detailed Analysis of Hard and Soft Tissues 203 Opalescence and Fluorescence 208 Fibre‐Optic Illumination 215 UV Illumination 215 Colour Fidelity 216 Shade Analysis 221 Scale Reference Markers 227 Annotations 230 Bleaching (Tooth Whitening) 236 Phonetics 236 Occlusal Analysis 239 Treatment Sequences 242 Endodontic Documentation 246 Focus Stacking 247 Video 247 Promotional and Artistic Imagery 248 References 248 Section 3 Processing Images 251 9 Processing Images 253 Monitor Calibration 253 File Formats 254 Imaging Software 255 Image Processing 260 Colour Spaces 262 White Balance 265 Exposure 265 Orientation, Scaling and Cropping 273 Artefact Removal 285 Local Adjustments 286 Sharpening 287 References 293 10 Exporting, Managing and Using Images 295 Exporting Files 295 Output Location 295 Naming Conventions (Formats) 297 Export Recipes 299 Image Management 301 Using Images 306 Documentation 306 Communication 307 Marketing 313 Education 315 References 331 Index 333

Read more less

Book SynopsisMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are an important functional material because of their potential implications in diverse research fields. The materials have been developed for a range of uses including separation, environmental, biomedical and sensor applications.Table of ContentsPreface xiii Part 1 Strategies of Affinity Materials 1 Recent Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Methods for Sample Preparation 3 Antonio Martín-Esteban 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Molecularly Imprinted Solid-phase Extraction 6 1.3 Molecularly Imprinted Solid-phase Microextraction 14 1.4 Molecularly Imprinted Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction 17 1.5 Other Formats 18 1.6 Conclusions 20 References 21 2 A Genuine Combination of Solvent-free Sample Preparation Technique and Molecularly Imprinted Nanomaterials 29 Santanu Patra, Ekta Roy, Rashmi Madhuri and Prashant K. Sharma 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Modified Fiber for Solid-phase Microextraction 40 2.3 In-tube Solid-phase Microextraction Technique 55 2.4 Monolithic Fiber 58 2.5 Micro-solid-phase Extraction 70 2.6 Stir-bar Sorptive Extraction 73 2.7 Conclusion and Future Scope 76 Acknowledgments 76 Abbreviations 77 References 78 3 Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 89 Kornelia Gawlitza, Wei Wan, Sabine Wagner and Knut Rurack 3.1 Introduction 89 3.2 Classes of Emitters to Endow MIPs with Fluorescence 91 3.3 Fluorescent Molecularly Imprinted Silica 108 3.4 Post-imprinting of MIPs 111 3.5 fMIPs as Labels 113 3.6 Formats for fMIPs 115 3.7 Conclusion 119 References 120 4 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Micro- and Nanotraps for Solid-phase Extraction 129 Rıdvan Say, Rüstem Keçili and Arzu Ersöz 4.1 Introduction 130 4.2 MIPs as SPE Materials 130 4.3 Conclusions 149 References 153 5 Imprinted Carbonaceous Nanomaterials: A Tiny Looking Big Thing in the Field of Selective and Secific Analysis 165 Ekta Roy, Santanu Patra, Rashmi Madhuri and Prashant K. Sharma 5.1 Introduction 166 5.2 Graphene-modified Imprinted Polymer 179 5.3 Carbon Nanotubes-modified Imprinted Polymer 190 5.4 Combination of graphene, CNTs, and MIPs 197 5.5 Graphene Quantum Dots and/or Carbon Dots 198 5.6 Fullerene 201 5.7 Activated carbon 202 5.8 Conclusions 203 Acknowledgments 204 List of abbreviations 204 References 205 6 Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Fiber-optic Sensor Platforms 217 Yavuz Orhan Yaman, Necdet Başaran, Kübra Karayagiz, Zafer Vatansever, Cengiz Yegin, Önder Haluk Tekbaş and Müfrettin Murat Sari 6.1 Introduction 218 6.2 Material Aspect: Morphology and Physical Forms of MIPs in FO Sensors 223 6.3 Molecularly Imprinting Technology for Fiber-optic Sensors 231 6.4 State-of-the-art Fiber-optic Sensors Applications Using Molecularly Imprinted Materials 268 6.5 Conclusion 273 References 274 Part 2 Rational Design of MIP for Advanced Applications 7 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications 285 Anca Florea, Oana Hosu, Bianca Ciui and Cecilia Cristea 7.1 Introduction 285 7.2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Analytes of Biomedical Interest 296 7.3 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Analytes of Environmental Interest 306 7.4 Conclusion 314 Acknowledgments 316 References 316 8 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: The Affinity Adsorbents for Environmental Biotechnology 327 Bo Mattiasson and Gizem Ertürk 8.1 Introduction 327 8.2 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 329 8.3 Monomers 329 8.4 Cross-linking Agents 331 8.5 Mode of Polymerization 332 8.6 Cryogels 334 8.7 Process Technology 336 8.8 Applications 338 References 345 9 Molecular Imprinting Technology for Sensing and Separation in Food Safety 353 Baran Önal Ulusoy, Mehmet Odabaşi and Neşe Hayat Aksoy 9.1 Food Safety 354 9.2 Food Analysis 355 9.3 Current Separation Methods Used for Food Safety Purposes 356 9.4 What Is MIP? 357 9.5 MIP Applications Used for Food Safety Purposes 359 References 377 10 Advanced Imprinted Materials for Virus Monitoring 389 Zeynep Altintas 10.1 Introduction 390 10.2 Virus Imprinting 393 10.3 Artificial MIP Receptors for Viruses 398 10.4 Virus Monitoring and Detection Using Biomimetic Sensors 399 10.5 Virus Imprinting for Separation Technologies 401 10.6 Conclusions 405 References 406 11 Design and Evaluation of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Drug Delivery Systems 413 André Luís Morais Ruela and Gislaine Ribeiro Pereira 11.1 Introduction 414 11.2 Synthesis and Characterization of MIPs Intended for Drug Release Using Non-covalent Approaches 418 11.3 Design and Evaluation of Drug Delivery Systems Based on MIPs 436 11.4 Conclusions 445 References 446 12 Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Controlled Release Systems 455 Yagmur Yegin, Gökhan Yilmaz, Ömer Karakoç, Cengiz Yegin, Servet Çete, Mustafa Akbulut and Müfrettin Murat Sari 12.1 Introduction 456 12.2 Selectivity, Release Mechanism and Functionality of MIPs-based CR Systems 459 12.3 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Production for Controlled Release 482 12.4 Controlled Release Applications Using Molecularly Imprinted Materials-based Controlled Release 491 12.5 Conclusion 506 References 507 13 Molecular Imprinting: The Creation of Biorecognition Imprints on the Biosensor Surfaces 523 Gizem Ertürk and Bo Mattiasson 13.1 Introduction 523 13.2 Molecular Imprinting 524 13.3 Microcontact Imprinting 525 13.4 Capacitive Biosensors 529 13.5 Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors 541 13.6 Concluding Remarks 549 References 550 14 Molecular Imprinted Polymers for Sensing of Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Body Odor 561 Sunil Kr. Jha 14.1 Introduction 562 14.2 MIP-QCM Sensor Array Preparation 573 14.3 Chemical Vapor Sensing 576 14.4 Analysis Outcomes 603 14.5 Conclusion 624 Acknowledgments 624 References 624 15 Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based Microcantilever Sensor System 637 Meltem Okan and Memed Duman 15.1 Introduction to Mass Sensors 637 15.2 Principles of Mass Sensors 640 15.4 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Technology 655 15.5 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-based QCM Sensors 658 15.6 Ongoing Studies on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers-based Microcantilevers 661 Acknowledgments 669 References 669

Read more less

Book SynopsisCysts of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions The new Fifth Edition of Shear's Cysts of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions delivers a comprehensive treatise on cysts that arise in the oral and maxillofacial tissues. It is the gold-standard on oral and maxillofacial cysts for professionals working in head and neck pathology, oral medicine, head and neck surgery, and radiology. The book has been completely revised and rewritten to enable readers to easily access key facts and important information that will assist in diagnosis and management of these lesions. The text has been updated, with increased emphasis on histopathology and differential diagnosis, and with a new layout that makes information more accessible to students and trainees at all levels, as well as to non-specialist clinicians and general pathologists faced with an individual lesion that requires diagnosis and management. Key features include: A new chapter that reviews the pathogenesis of cystsTrade Review"All information is presented in a clear and accessible manner for everyone involved in oral medicine and pathology, from a dental student to a general practitioner, maxillofacial surgeon, head and neck surgeon, general pathologist, or specialist. in pathology and oral medicine. The information is presented in a very accessible and easy to consult manner, the book contains very clear diagrams and tables that simplify the understanding of the information, and the use presence in each chapter of boxes that summarize and highlight the most relevant information is a very useful feature."- Ronell Bologna-Molina, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Published in Oral Diseases (May 2023)"The chapters have been reorganised to present the most common lesions first, making the text easier to read and providing a thorough explanation of the clinical and radiographic features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment of each cyst. An additional chapter has been added on the pathogenesis of cysts, which provides an overview of the phases of cyst formation and the interface between cysts and tumours. Variants are discussed only where they may affect diagnosis and management...Overall, the fifth edition updates bring welcome changes which make it more appealing and relevant to all levels of student, trainees, and specialists."- Glesni Hitches, Published in British Dental Journal (April 2023)Table of ContentsPreface to the Fifth Edition viii Foreword x Acknowledgements xi 1 Classification and Frequency of Cysts of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions 1 2 General Considerations 6 3 Radicular Cyst 20 4 Inflammatory Collateral Cysts 47 5 Dentigerous Cyst 62 6 Eruption Cyst 83 7 Odontogenic Keratocyst 87 8 Lateral Periodontal Cyst and Botryoid Odontogenic Cyst 140 9 Gingival Cysts 155 10 Glandular Odontogenic Cyst 164 11 Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst 182 12 Orthokeratinised Odontogenic Cyst 201 13 Nasopalatine Duct Cyst 214 14 Nasolabial Cyst 230 15 Cysts of the Salivary and Minor Mucous Glands 237 16 Surgical Ciliated Cyst 262 17 Pseudocysts of the Jaws: Simple Bone Cyst and Stafne Bone Cavity 270 18 Developmental Cysts 288 Bibliography 309 Index 357

Read more less

Book SynopsisA quick reference diagnostic guide for students and clinicians, covering a wide range of oral and dental developmental anomalies in children and adolescents Written by world-renowned pediatric dentists, this easily accessible, well-illustrated reference covers a wide range of oral and dental developmental anomalies in children and adolescents, and includes rare as well as more common conditions. Divided into two parts, the first part is dedicated to normal tissue initiation, formation, and development in the orodental region. The second part offers comprehensive pictorial descriptions of each condition and discussions of the treatment options available. A useful, quick reference atlas helping students and clinicians diagnose a wide range of oral and dental developmental anomalies in children and adolescentsHighly illustrated with clinical photographsDescribes both common and rare conditions, and explores treatment options Atlas of Pediatric Oral and Dental Developmental AnomalieTable of ContentsPreface xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 Oral and Dental Anatomy 1 1.1 The Lips: Macro Anatomy 1 1.2 The Palate 1 1.3 The Tongue 3 1.4 The Cheek and Floor of the Mouth 4 1.5 The Periodontium 5 1.6 The Periodontal Ligament (PL) 5 1.7 The Alveolar Bone 6 1.8 The Teeth: Dental Anatomy 7 1.9 Normal Occlusion 9 1.10 Classification of the Occlusion 10 2 Histology and Embryology of the Teeth and Periodontium 13 2.1 Tooth Histology 13 2.1.1 Enamel 13 2.1.1.1 Striae of Retzius 13 2.1.1.2 Hunter‐Schreger Bands 13 2.1.1.3 Gnarled Enamel (Spiral Enamel) 13 2.1.1.4 Enamel Tufts and Lamella 13 2.1.1.5 Enamel Surface 13 2.1.2 Dentine 14 2.1.2.1 Dentinal Tubules 14 2.1.2.2 Intratubular Dentine 15 2.1.2.3 Intertubular Dentine 15 2.1.2.4 Interglobular Dentine 15 2.1.2.5 Incremental Lines 15 2.1.2.6 Granular Layer of Tomes 15 2.1.3 Cementum 15 2.1.3.1 Cementum Connective Tissue 15 2.1.3.2 Fibrous Matrix 15 2.1.4 Dental Pulp 16 2.1.5 Periodontium 16 2.2 Embryology of Teeth: Life Cycle of the Tooth 16 2.2.1 Initiation (Bud) Stage 16 2.2.2 Proliferation (Cap) Stage 16 2.2.3 Histodifferentiation and Morphodifferentiation (Bell) Stage 16 2.2.4 Apposition and Calcification 16 3 Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Teeth Developmental Disturbances 17 3.1 Prevalence and Incidence 17 3.2 Diagnosis and Classification of Defects in Teeth 17 3.2.1 Cause of Disturbance 17 3.2.2 Extent of Involvement of the Dentition 18 3.2.3 The Structure Involved 18 3.2.3.1 Enamel Defects 18 3.2.3.2 Dentine Defects 18 3.2.3.3 Cementum Defects 18 3.2.3.4 Entire Tooth Structures Involved 18 3.2.4 Teeth Morphology 19 3.2.5 Teeth Size 19 3.2.6 Teeth Count 19 3.2.6.1 Hypodontia 19 3.2.6.2 Hyperdontia 19 3.2.7 Color of the Teeth 20 4 Etiology and Pathology of Teeth Disturbances 21 4.1 Genetically Originated Defects 21 4.1.1 Disturbances in Teeth Count 21 4.1.1.1 Reduced Numbers; Missing Teeth 21 4.1.1.2 Increase in Numbers; Extra Teeth 24 4.1.2 Disturbances in Proportion and Size of the Teeth 30 4.1.2.1 Large Size – Macrodontia 30 4.1.2.2 Small Size – Microdontia 30 4.1.2.3 Short Roots 32 4.1.3 Disturbances of Teeth Morphology 32 4.1.3.1 Dens Invaginatus 32 4.1.3.2 Dens Evaginatus (Talon Cusp) 33 4.1.3.3 Peg‐shaped Laterals 34 4.1.3.4 Fusion 34 4.1.3.5 Gemination 36 4.1.3.6 Dilaceration 38 4.1.3.7 Concrescence 39 4.1.3.8 Taurodontism 39 4.1.3.9 Hutchinson Incisors and Mulberry Molars 40 4.1.3.10 Odontomes 40 4.1.4 Defects of Teeth Structures 40 4.1.4.1 Enamel Defects 40 4.1.4.2 Dentine Defects 45 4.1.4.3 Cementum Defects 45 4.1.4.4 Enamel Dentin Cementum Defects 49 4.2 Congenital Diseases (in Utero) 50 4.2.1 Erythroblastosis Fetalis 50 4.2.2 Measles 51 4.2.3 Rubella 51 4.2.4 Pneumonia 52 4.2.5 Porphyria 52 4.2.6 Syphilis 52 4.2.7 Dehydration and Liquid Imbalance 52 4.3 Acquired (Environmental) Defects 53 4.3.1 Food and Diet 53 4.3.2 Vitamins and Minerals 53 4.3.3 Ions 55 4.3.4 Diseases and Drugs 56 4.3.4.1 Infantile Jaundice 56 4.3.4.2 Liver Disease, Liver Transplant 56 4.3.4.3 Cystic Fibrosis and Antibiotic Therapy 57 4.3.4.4 Lead Poisoning 59 4.3.4.5 Iron Intake 59 4.3.5 Primary Teeth Trauma and Tooth Infection 59 4.3.6 Short Roots 61 5 Eruption Disturbances of Teeth – Etiology and Diagnosis 63 5.1 Definition 63 5.2 Delayed Eruption 63 5.3 Early Eruption 63 5.4 Failed Exfoliation (Primary Dentition) 63 5.5 Early Exfoliation/Loss of Primary Teeth 65 5.5.1 Localized Factors 65 5.5.2 Systemic Factors 65 5.6 Failed Eruption and Impaction 66 5.7 Eruption Cysts 67 5.8 Ectopic Eruption and Transposition 69 5.9 Labial Frenulum and Lingual Frenulum 70 5.10 Under ‐eruption – Infraocclusion 70 5.11 Over ‐eruption 71 5.12 Palatal and Labial Cleft and Teeth Eruption 74 5.13 Malocclusion 76 5.13.1 Class I Malocclusion 76 5.13.2 Class II Malocclusion 76 5.13.3 Class III Malocclusion 77 5.13.4 General Spacing and Diastema Formation 78 5.14 Gingival Overgrowth 80 6 Self‐evaluation Section 81 Bibliography 109 Self‐evaluation Answer 115 Index 119

Read more less

Book SynopsisPractical Procedures in IMPLANT DENTISTRY Master the fundamentals and intricacies of implant dentistry with this comprehensive and practical new resource Practical Procedures in Implant Dentistry delivers a comprehensive collection of information demonstrating the science and clinical techniques in implant dentistry. Written in a practical and accessible style that outlines the principles and procedures of each technique, the book offers clinical tips and references to build a comprehensive foundation of knowledge in implantology. Written by an international team of contributors with extensive clinical and academic expertise, Practical Procedures in Implant Dentistry covers core topics such as: Rationale and assessment for implant placement and restoration, including the diagnostic records and surgical considerations required for optimal planning and risk management Incision design considerations and flap management, with an essential knowledge of regional neuro-vascular structures Table of ContentsForeword List of Contributors About the Companion Website 1. IntroductionChristopher C.K. Ho 2. Patient Assessment and History TakingChristopher C.K. Ho 3. Diagnostic RecordsAodhan Docherty and Christopher C.K. Ho 4. Medico-Legal Considerations and Risk ManagementChristopher C.K. Ho 5. Considerations for Implant Placement: Effects of Tooth LossKyle D. Hogg 6. Anatomic and Biological Principles for Implant PlacementKyle D. Hogg 7. Maxillary Anatomical StructuresKyle D. Hogg 8. Mandibular Anatomical StructuresKyle D. Hogg 9. Extraction Ridge ManagementTino Mercado 10. Implant Materials, Designs, and SurfacesJonathan Du Toit 11. Timing of Implant PlacementChristopher C.K. Ho 12. Implant Site PreparationTom Giblin 13. Loading Protocols in ImplantologyChristopher C.K. Ho 14. Surgical InstrumentationChristopher C.K. Ho 15. Flap Design and Management for Implant PlacementChristopher C.K. Ho, David Attia, and Jess Liu 16. Suturing TechniquesChristopher C.K. Ho, David Attia, and Jess Liu 17. Pre-surgical Tissue Evaluation and Considerations in Aesthetic Implant DentistrySherif Said 18. Surgical Protocols for Implant PlacementChristopher C.K. Ho 19. Optimising the Peri-implant Emergence ProfileDavid Attia 20. Soft Tissue AugmentationMichel Azer 21. Bone Augmentation ProceduresMichel Azer 22. Impression Taking in Implant DentistryChristopher C.K. Ho 23. Implant Treatment in the Aesthetic ZoneChristopher C.K. Ho 24. The Use of Provisionalisation in ImplantologyChristopher C.K. Ho 25. Abutment SelectionChristopher C.K. Ho 26. Screw versus Cemented Implant-Supported RestorationsChristopher C.K. Ho 27. A Laboratory Perspective on Implant DentistryLachlan Thompson 28. Implant BiomechanicsTom Giblin 29. Delivering the Definitive ProsthesisAodhan Docherty and Christopher C.K. Ho 30. Occlusion and ImplantsChristopher C.K. Ho and Subir Banerji 31. Dental Implant Screw MechanicsChristopher C.K. Ho and Louis Kei 32. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation for the Fully Edentulous PatientChristopher C.K. Ho 33. Implant MaintenanceKyle D. Hogg and Christopher C.K. Ho 34. The Digital Workflow in Implant DentistryAndrew Chio and Anthony Mak 35. Biological ComplicationsChristopher C.K. Ho 36. Implant Prosthetic ComplicationsChristopher C.K. Ho and Matthew K. Youssef Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisSustainable development is a very prevalent concept of modern society. This concept has appeared as a critical force in combining a special focus on development and growth by maintaining a balance of using human resources and the ecosystem in which we are living. The development of new and advanced materials is one of the powerful examples in establishing this concept. Green and sustainable advanced materials are the newly synthesized material or existing modified material having superior and special properties. These fulfil today's growing demand for equipment, machines and devices with better quality for an extensive range of applications in various sectors such as paper, biomedical, textile, and much more. Volume 1 gives overviews on a variety of topics of characterization of green and sustainable advanced materials including biopolymers, biocomposites, nanomaterials, polymeric materials, green functional textiles materials and hybrid materials, as well as processing chapters on Table of Contents1. Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials: OverviewTanvir Arfin, Arshiya Tarannum and Kamini Sonawane. 1 1.1. History. 1 1.2. Biomaterials. 2 1.2.1. Dextran. 2 1.2.1.1. Chemical Structure. 2 1.2.1.2. Properties. 2 1.2.1.3. Applications. 3 1.2.2. Cellulose. 3 1.2.2.1. Chemical Structure. 4 1.2.2.2. Properties. 4 1.2.2.3. Application 1.2.3. Gelatine. 4 1.2.3.1. Chemical Structure. 5 1.2.3.2. Properties. 5 1.2.3.3. Application. 5 1.2.4. Alginate. 6 1.2.4.1. Chemical Structure. 6 1.2.4.2. Properties. 7 1.2.4.3. Application. 7 1.2.5. Chitin. 7 1.2.5.1. Chemical Structure. 8 1.2.5.2. Properties. 8 1.2.5.3. Application. 8 1.2.6. Chitosan. 8 1.2.6.1. Chemical Structure. 9 1.2.6.2. Properties. 9 1.2.6.3. Application. 9 1.2.7. Pollulan. 9 1.2.7.1. Chemical Structure. 9 1.2.7.2. Properties. 10 1.2.7.3. Applications. 10 1.2.8. Curdlan. 10 1.2.8.1. Chemical Structure. 10 1.2.8.2. Properties. 11 1.2.8.3. Application. 11 1.2.9. Lignin. 11 1.2.9.1. Chemical Structure. 11 1.2.9.2. Properties. 12 1.2.9.3. Application. 12 1.2.10. Xanthan Gum. 13 1.2.10.1. Chemical Structure. 13 1.2.10.2. Properties. 14 1.2.10.3. Applications. 14 1.2.11. Hydrogels. 14 1.2.11.1. Chemical Structure. 14 1.2.11.2. Properties:. 14 1.2.11.3. Application. 15 1.2.12. Xylan. 15 1.2.12.1. Chemical Structure. 16 1.2.12.2. Properties. 16 1.2.12.3. Application. 16 1.2.13. Arabic Gum. 17 1.2.13.1. Chemical Structure. 17 1.2.13.2. Properties. 17 1.2.13.3. Applications. 18 1.3. CdS. 18 1.4. Carbon Nanotube. 19 1.5. Fe Containing Nanomaterial. 20 1.6. Graphene. 20 1.7. Graphene Oxide. 22 1.8. Inulin. 23 1.9. Pectin. 24 1.10. Metal Oxide. 25 1.10.1 TiO2. 25 1.10.2 ZnO. 26 1.10.3 CeO2. 26 1.11. Polymer. 27 1.11.1. Polystyrene. 27 1.11.2. PANI. 28 1.11.3 Starch. 28 1.11.4 Dendrimer. 28 1.12 Bentonite. 29 1.13 Conclusion. 29 References. 30 2. Characterization of Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials. 35Pintu Pandit and Gayatri T.N. 2.1. Introduction. 36 2.2. Characterization of Advanced Materials. 38 2.3. Physical Characterization of Advanced Materials. 39 2.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy. 41 2.3.2. Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. 41 2.3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy. 42 2.3.4. X-ray Diffraction. 43 2.3.5. Ultraviolet Protection. 44 2.3.6. Thermal Characterization (TGA, DTA, DSC, Cone Calorimetry). 44 2.3.6.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis. 45 2.3.6.2. Differential Thermal Analysis. 47 2.3.6.3. Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis. 47 2.3.6.4. Cone Calorimetry. 48 2.3.7. Characterization for Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials. 49 2.4. Chemical Characterization of Advanced Materials. 50 2.4.1. EXAFS, XPS, and AES. 51 2.4.2. ICP-MS, ICP OES, and SIMS. 55 2.4.3. LC/GC/FTICR-MS. 57 2.4.4. NMR. 58 2.4.5. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. 59 2.5. Conclusions. 61 References. 62 3. Green and Sustainable Advanced Biopolymeric and Biocomposite Materials. 67T.P. Mohan and K. Kanny 3.1. Introduction. 67 3.2. Classification of Green Materials. 68 3.3. Biopolymers. 69 3.4. Natural Fillers. 70 3.5. Natural Fibers. 72 3.6. Biocomposites. 73 3.6.1. Thermoplastic Starch Based Composites. 73 3.6.2. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Composites. 74 3.6.3. Cellulose Based Composites. 74 3.6.4. Plant Oil Based Composites. 75 3.6.5. Polymer—Polymer Blends-Based Composites. 76 3.7. Merits and Demerits of Green Materials. 76 3.8. Recent Progress in Improvement of Material Properties. 78 3.8.1. Hybridization. 79 3.9. Current Applications of Biocomposites and Biopolymers. 79 3.9.1. Green Fibers and their Potential in Diversified Applications. 80 3.9.2. Textile Applications. 80 3.9.3. Green Fibers for Pulp. 81 3.9.4. Green Fiber for Biocomposites, Based on Lignocelluloses. 82 3.9.5. Applications of Composites. 83 3.9.6. Particleboards. 83 3.10. Futuristic Applications of Biocomposites and Biopolymers. 83 3.10.1. Development Prospects for Plant Fiber/Polymer Composites: 85 3.11. Conclusion. 85 References. 86 4. Green and Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials. 93Alaa K. H. Al-Khalaf and Falah H. Hussein 4.1. Introduction. 93 4.1.1. Green Chemistry and Nanoscale Science. 94 4.1.2. Examples of Such Green Nanoparticles. 94 4.1.2.1. Beta-Carotene Molecule. 94 4.1.2.2. Anthocyanin Molecule. 96 4.1.2.3. Hydro Gel. 99 4.2. Applications of Natural NanoOrganic Materials. 100 4.2.1. Application of Beta-Carotene. 100 4.2.2. Application of Anthocyanin. 100 4.2.3. Application of Hydrogel. 101 4.3. Conclusion. 104 References. 105 5. Biogenic Approaches for SiO2 Nanostructures: Exploring the Sustainable Platform of Nanofabrication. 107M. Hariram, P. Vishnukumar and S. Vivekanandhan 5.1. Introduction. 108 5.2. Synthesis of SiO2 Nanostructures. 109 5.2.1. Physical Processes. 110 5.2.2. Chemical Processes. 111 5.2.3. Template Assisted Process. 114 5.3. Bio-Mediated Sustainable Processes for SiO2 Nanostructures. 115 5.3.1. Bacterial Assisted Synthesis Process. 116 5.3.2. Fungal Mediates Biogenic Synthesis Process. 118 5.3.3. Plant Based Synthesis Process. 120 5.3.4. Biomolecular Template Assisted Synthetic Process. 123 5.4. Biogenic SiO2 based Doped, Functionalized and Composite Nanostructures. 125 5.4.1. Biogenic Synthesis of Doped and Functionalized SiO2 Nanostructures. 126 5.4.2. Biogenic SiO2 Nanocomposites. 127 5.5. Applications of Bio-fabricated SiO2 Nanoparticles. 129 5.5.1. Catalysis. 130 5.5.2. Biomedical. 130 5.5.3. Energy and Environment. 131 5.6. Conclusions. 131 Acknowledgements. 132 References. 132 6. Green and Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials. 143Yahya F. Al-Khafaji and Falah H. Hussein. 6.1. Introduction. 143 6.2. Applications of Polymers. 145 6.3. The Problems of Synthetic Polymers. 145 6.4. Why Biodegradable Polymers. 147 6.5. Biodegradable Polymers. 147 6.6. Copolymers. 147 6.7. Examples of Biodegradable Polymers is Polyesters. 148 6.7.1. Aliphatic Polyesters Polylactide PLA, PolYcaprolactone PCL and Polyvalerolactone PVL. 148 6.7.2. Preparation of Polyesters. 148 6.7.2.1. Polycondensation. 149 6.7.2.2. Ring opening Polymerization (ROP). 149 6.7.3. Mechanism of ROP. 150 6.7.3.1. Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization (CROP). 150 6.7.3.2. AnionicRring Opening Polymerization (AROP). 150 6.7.3.3. Coordination-Insertion Polymerization. 150 6.8. Conclusion. 152 References. 152 7. Design and Processing Aspects of Polymer and Composite Materials. 155Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal and Tahir Rasheed 7.1. Introduction. 156 7.2. Design and Processing. 158 7.3. Natural Polymers and Their Applied Potentialities. 158 7.3.1. Alginate – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 158 7.3.2. Carrageenan – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 161 7.3.3. Cellulose – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 162 7.3.4. CS – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 163 7.3.5. Dextran – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects 7.3.6. Guar Gum – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 166 7.3.7. Xanthan – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 167 7.4. Synthetic Polymers and Their Applied Potentialities. 169 7.4.1. PAA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 169 7.4.2. PAM – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 170 7.4.3. PVA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 171 7.4.4. PEG – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 171 7.4.5. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 172 7.4.6. PLA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 172 7.5. Materials-based Biocomposites. 173 7.6. Concluding Remarks and Future Considerations. 179 Conflict of Interest. 180 Acknowledgements. 180 References. 180 8. Seaweed-Based Binder in Wood Composites. 191Kang Chiang Liew and Nur Syafiqah Nadiah Abdul Ghani 8.1. Introduction. 191 8.2. Methods and Techniques. 193 8.2.1. Preparation of Raw Material. 193 8.2.2. Seaweed Adhesive Preparation. 193 8.2.3. Blending and Mat Forming. 193 8.2.4. Conditioning. 194 8.2.5. Data Analysis. 195 8.3. Results and Discussion. 195 8.3.1. Overview. 195 8.3.2. The Physical Properties of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 195 8.3.2.2. Density. 197 8.3.3. Dimensional Stability of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 199 8.3.2.1. Moisture Content. 199 8.3.3.2. Thickness Swelling. 201 8.3.4. The Mechanical Properties of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 204 8.3.3.1. Water Absorption. 204 8.3.4.2. Modulus of Rupture. 205 8.3.4.3. Internal Bonding. 207 8.4. Conclusion. 208 References. 209 9. Green and Sustainable Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 213Pintu Pandit, Gayatri T.N. and Saptarshi Maiti 9.1. Introduction. 213 9.2. Sustainable Colouration of Textile Materials Using Natural Plant Waste Resources. 216 9.2.1. Natural Dyeing with DSE on Silk Fabric. 216 9.2.2. Natural Dyeing of Textile Materials Using Sterculia Foetida Fruit Shell Waste Extract. 217 9.2.3. Natural Dyeing of Textile Materials Using Green CSE. 220 9.2.4. Colouration of Textile Materials Using Resources from Temple Flower Waste. 223 9.3. Sustainable Antibacterial Finishing of Textile Materials Using Natural Waste Resources. 223 9.3.1. Antibacterial Activity of Delonix Regia Stem Shell Waste Extract on Silk Fabric. 223 9.3.2. Antibacterial Textile Materials Using Natural Sterculia Foetida Fruit Shell Waste Extract. 224 9.3.3. Antibacterial Textile Materials Using Waste Green CSE. 225 9.4. Sustainable UV Protective Textile Materials Using Waste Natural Resources. 226 9.4.1. UV Protective Silk Fabric Using DSE. 226 9.4.2. UV Protective Textile Materials Using Sterculia Foetida FSE. 227 9.4.3. UV Protective Textile Materials Using Waste Green CSE. 228 9.5. Sustainable Green Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 229 9.5.1. Flame Retardancy Imparted by Plant Based Waste Natural Resources. 230 9.5.1.1. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Green CSE. 231 9.5.1.2. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using BPS. 234 9.5.1.3. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using SJ. 236 9.5.1.4. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Starch. 236 9.5.1.5. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using PRE. 238 9.5.2. Flame Retardancy Imparted by Animal Based Natural Resources. 239 9.5.2.1. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Chicken Feather. 239 9.5.2.2. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Casein. 239 9.5.2.3. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Whey Protein. 240 9.5.2.4. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Hydrophobin. 242 9.5.2.5. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Deoxyribonucleic Acid. 242 9.5.2.6. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Chitosan. 243 9.6. Sustainable Textile Materials Using Clay as Natural Resources. 243 9.6.1. Different Types of Clay and its Application in Textile Materials. 243 9.6.1.1. Application of Clay in Nanocomposites. 245 9.6.1.2. Application of Clay in UV Protection. 246 9.6.1.3. Application of Clay in Effluent Treatment. 246 9.6.1.4. Application of Clay in Superabsorbency. 247 9.6.1.5. Application of Clay in Discolouration of Denim. 248 9.6.1.6. Application of Clay in Antimicrobial Finish. 248 9.6.1.7. Application of Clay in Flame Retardancy. 249 9.6.1.8. Application of Clay in Dyeing and Printing. 250 9.7. Sustainable Application of Aroma Finishing in Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 250 9.7.1. Different Natural Sources of Aroma and Technology for Microencapsulation. 250 9.7.2. Preparation of Recipe and Method of Application for Aroma Finishing. 251 9.7.3. Fragrance Release Property of Aroma Finishing. 251 9.7.4. Applications of Aroma Finishing in Textile Materials. 252 9.8. Sustainable Mosquito Repellent Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 253 9.8.1. Different Types of Repellent Insecticides. 253 9.8.2. Natural Resources of Mosquito Repellents. 253 9.8.3. Mosquito Repellency Evaluation. 253 9.8.4. Method of Application of Mosquito Repellency. 255 9.8.5. Applications of Mosquito Repellency in Textile Materials. 256 9.9. Conclusion. 256 References. 257 10. Green Engineered Functional Textile Materials. 263Pravin Chavan, Shahid-ul-Islam, Akbar Ali, Shakeel Ahmed and Javed Sheikh 10.1. Introduction. 263 10.1.1. Green Chemicals. 265 10.1.2. Functional Finishing of Textiles: The Expectations. 265 10.2. Different Finishes Applied onto Textiles: Present Techniques vs. Green Methods. 266 10.2.1. Mosquito Repellent Finish. 267 10.2.2. Green Approach. 269 10.3. Methods of Application of Microcapsules on Textiles. 273 10.4. Release Mechanism of Core Material from Microcapsules. 273 10.5. Chemistry of EO. 273 10.6. Evaluation of Mosquito Repellency. 276 10.6.1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard E951–83. 276 10.6.2. Screened Cage Method. 276 10.6.3. WHO Cone and Field Test Method. 276 10.6.4. Tunnel Test. 277 10.6.5. USDA Laboratory Method. 279 10.7. Aroma Finish. 279 10.7.1. General Method of Application. 280 10.7.2. Green Methods: EO for Aroma Finish. 281 10.7.3. Evaluation of Aroma Finishes. 282 10.8. Conclusion. 282 References. 283 11. Advances in Bio-Nanohybrid Materials. 289Houda Saad, Pedro Luis de Hoyos, Ezzeddine Srasra, Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury 11.1. Introduction. 289 11.2. Inorganic/Organic Hybrids. 290 11.2.1 Definition, Classification and Synthetic Routes. 291 11.2.2 Bio-nanohybrid Materials. 296 11.3. Bio-nanohybrid Materials Based on Clay and Polyphenols. 297 11.3.1 Clay Minerals and Organoclay. 297 11.3.1.1. Clay Minerals. 297 11.3.1.2. Surface Modification of Clay Minerals: Organoclays. 306 11.3.2. Polyphenols as Natural Substances. 309 11.3.3. Clay/Polyphenols Hybrids. 311 11.3.3.1. Techniques Used for Clay-Based Hybrids Characterization. 311 11.4. Conclusions and Perspectives. 323 References. 324 12. Green and Sustainable Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Biotechnological Applications. 333MeryamSardar and HammadAlam 12.1. Introduction. 334 12.2. Synthesis of SeNPs. 335 12.2.1. Physical Methods of Synthesis of SeNPs. 336 12.2.2. Chemical Methods for Synthesis of SeNPs. 336 12.2.3. Microbial Synthesis of SeNPs. 337 12.2.4. Plant Based Synthesis of SeNPs. 337 12.3. Biotechnological Applications of SeNPs. 341 12.3.1 Anticancerous Activity. 342 12.3.2 Antioxidant Activity. 343 12.3.3 Antidiabetic Effect. 345 12.3.4 Wound Healing. 345 12.3.5 Antibacterial Activity. 345 12.3.6 Antilarvicidal Activity. 347 12.3.7 Biosensors. 347 12.4. Conclusion. 347 Acknowledgments. 348 References. 348 Index. 000

Read more less

Book SynopsisMICRONEEDLING A complete guide to microneedling and its varied roles in modern aesthetic medicineMicroneedling is an increasingly common procedure in the day-to-day practice of dermatologists across the globe. Minimally invasive and requiring minimal downtime, the process can be used to address a range of cosmetic and dermatologic concerns, including rejuvenation of the skin, transdermal delivery of drugs, skin textural irregularities, luminosity, and treatment of dyschromia, melasma, and scarring. Treatment is administered with pens, rollers, and, stamps that have been designed to stimulate the release of growth factors and induce collagen production, working to enhance the appearance of patients of all ages and skin types.Edited by leading dermatologist Dr. Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand, Microneedling brings together practical instruction, top tips, and exciting new research to provide all those working in aesthetic medicine with an essential guide to this mTable of ContentsList of Editors and Contributors vi Cosmetic and Aesthetic Procedures in Dermatology Series viii Preface ix 1 Introduction to Microneedling 1Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand 2 A Short History of Skin Needling 10Desmond Fernandes 3 The Value of Medical Needling in Burn Scars 22Matthias Aust, Desmond Fernandes, and Richard Bender 4 Skin Care Used with Microneedling 41Chytra V. Anand and Parinitha Rao 5 Treatment of Hyperpigmentation with Microneedling 52Atchima Suwanchinda 6 Treatment of Acne and Acne Scars with Microneedling 81Stuti Khare Shukla and Michael H. Gold 7 Microneedling and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) 98Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand Index 113

Read more less

Book SynopsisIncludes both a broad technical overview of dental materials and the chemicals that are used for the preparation and fabrication of dental materials in all dental applications This book focuses on the materials used for dental applications by looking at the fundamental issues and the developments that have taken place the past decade. While it provides a broad overview of dental materials, the chemicals that are used for the preparation and fabrication of dental materials are explained as well. Also, the desired properties of these materials are discussed and the relevance of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties is elucidated. Methods for the characterization and classification, as well as clinical studies are reviewed here. In particular, materials for dental crowns, implants, toothpaste compositions, mouth rinses, as well as materials for toothbrushes and dental floss are discussed. For example, in toothpaste compositions, several classes of materials anTable of ContentsPreface v 1 Dental Materials 1 1.1 History 1 1.2 Properties 2 1.2.1 Acronyms for Compounds in Dental Com- pounds 2 1.2.2 Standards in Dentistry 2 1.2.3 Adhesion in Restorative Dentistry 11 1.2.4 Fracture Toughness 12 1.2.5 Biocompatibility of Dental Adhesives 12 1.2.6 Testing the Cytotoxicity 13 1.2.7 Degradation of Dental Polymers 14 1.2.8 Effect of Modulated Photoactivation on Poly- merization Shrinkage 15 1.2.9 Ceramics Versus Resin Composites 16 1.3 Materials 17 1.3.1 Provisional Restoratives 17 1.3.2 Restorative Material Kit 18 1.3.3 Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane 27 1.3.4 Fiber Reinforced Dental Composites 28 1.3.5 Polymer-Coated Glass Filler 29 1.3.6 Glass Ionomers 32 1.3.7 Bioactive Glass 36 1.3.8 Restorative Dental Glass Ceramics 38 1.3.9 Curable Acrylate Polymer Compositions . . . 39 1.3.10 Hydrophilic Polymer Sponge Structures 40 1.3.11 Hybrid Polymer Network Compositions for Artificial Teeth 42 1.3.12 Urethane Macromers 43 1.3.13 Catechol-Functionalized Polymer 43 1.3.14 High Refractive Index Monomers 44 1.3.15 Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Adhesives . 45 1.3.16 Chemical Composition of Contemporary Dental Adhesives 49 1.3.17 Nanostructured Antibacterial and Remineral-izing Dental Bonding Agents 50 1.3.18 Rechargeable Calcium Phosphate-Containing Dental Materials 51 1.3.19 Dental Alloys 53 1.3.20 Tooth Desensitizing Oral Care Compositions . 54 1.3.21 Commercially Available Compositions 55 1.4 Special Fabrication Methods 60 1.4.1 Photoinitiator System for Hybrid Polymers . . 60 1.4.2 Nanotechnology 61 1.4.3 Extensive Dark Curing 63 1.4.4 Oral Implantology 70 1.4.5 Dental Inlays 74 References 75 2 Implants 85 2.1 Dental Restoration Methods 86 2.2 Implant Designs 88 2.3 Dental Restoration Composition 89 2.3.1 Heparin 102 2.4 Hybrid Implants 103 2.4.1 Electrophoretically Prepared Hybrid Materials 104 2.5 CAD/CAM Implants 107 2.5.1 CAD/CAM Implant-Supported Crown 107 2.5.2 High-Density Polymer CAD/CAM Interim Restorations 109 2.5.3 Biocompatibility of Polymer-Infiltrated-Ce- ramic-Network 110 2.6 Powder Injection Molding 110 2.7 Composite Bone Grafts 112 2.8 Sphene Biocoating on cp-Ti Substrates 113 2.9 Cell-Material Interactions 114 2.9.1 Temperature Changes in One-Piece Implants . 114 2.10 Dental Implant with Porous Body 116 2.10.1 Porous Coatings 116 2.10.2 Porous Implant Material 117 2.11 Implant with a Polymeric Post 118 2.12 Short Dental Implants Versus Standard Dental Implants122 2.13 Adjustable Dental Implants 123 2.14 Materials for Implants 124 2.14.1 Poly(ether ether ketone) 124 2.14.2 Expandable Polymer Dental Implant 135 2.14.3 Endosseous Dental Implant Assembly 136 2.14.4 Titanium-Polymer Composites 138 2.14.5 Titanium Implant Functionalization with Phosphate-Containing Polymers 139 2.14.6 Zirconia Dental Implants 139 2.14.7 Shape-Memory Polymers 143 2.14.8 Tetracycline Polymer Nanofiber Modified Ti- tanium Disks 145 2.14.9 Biopolymers 146 References 150 3 Dentures 157 3.1 Properties 157 3.1.1 Plaque Index 157 3.1.2 Inhibition of Denture Plaque Deposition . . . 158 3.2 Materials 160 3.2.1 Longevity of Fiber Reinforced Composite . . . 160 3.2.2 Denture Tooth and Material 160 3.2.3 Fixed Partial Dentures Made from Fiber Rein- forced Polymer 163 3.2.4 Denture Adhesives 163 3.3 Fabrication Methods 171 3.3.1 Rapid Prototyping in Dentistry 171 3.3.2 Computer-Aided System 172 3.3.3 Two-Step Impression for Complete Denture Fabrication 173 3.3.4 Gingival Retraction Methods 173 References 174 4 Toothpaste Compositions 177 4.1 History 178 4.2 Ingredients for Toothpastes 179 4.2.1 Abrasive Materials 179 4.2.2 Fluoride 183 4.2.3 Detergents 184 4.2.4 Humectants 184 4.2.5 Thickeners 184 4.2.6 Sweeteners 184 4.2.7 Coloring Agents 192 4.2.8 Organic Antimicrobial Agents 192 4.2.9 Bad Breath Reduction Agents 198 4.2.10 Flavoring Agents 198 4.3 Compositions 198 4.3.1 Processes for Preparing Toothpaste Compositions 198 4.3.2 Non-fluorinated Compositions 205 4.3.3 Alkyl Sulfate and Orthophosphate Free Com- position 209 4.3.4 Thin Film Toothpaste Strip 213 4.3.5 Enamel Protectant and Repair Toothpaste . . . 214 4.3.6 Striped Toothpastes 215 4.3.7 Color Changing Compositions 218 4.3.8 Two Phase Toothpaste 220 4.3.9 Composition with Diamond Particles 221 4.3.10 Compositions with Improved Rheology 224 4.3.11 Toothpaste Composition with Improved Shelf Life 225 4.3.12 Bleach-Stable Toothpaste 229 4.3.13 Antibiotic Toothpaste 232 4.3.14 Compositions with Zinc Ions and Polyphos- phate Ions 234 4.3.15 Abradable Films 239 4.3.16 Silica Abrasive-Free Composition 239 4.3.17 Toothpaste with Bioadhesive Submicron Emulsion 239 4.3.18 Antiplaque Toothpaste Composition 242 4.3.19 Saponin 245 4.3.20 Foamable Fluoride Oral Care Composition . . 248 References 251 5 Mouth Rinses 257 5.1 Mouth Rinses with Hydrogen Peroxide 257 5.1.1 Enhanced Activity of Peroxides 258 5.1.2 Antiplaque Mouth Rinse 260 5.1.3 Method of Treating Mucositis 262 5.1.4 Formulations for Use with Toothbrush Delivery Device 263 5.1.5 Antibacterial Mouthwash 265 5.1.6 Prevention of Periodontal Diseases 266 5.1.7 Alcohol-Free Compositions 267 5.1.8 Dual Phase Mouthwash 269 5.1.9 Non-alcohol Bioactive Essential Oil Mouth Rinses 270 5.2 Properties 272 5.2.1 Periodontal Disease 272 5.2.2 Biological Activity of Antimicrobials 273 5.2.3 Effect on the Microhardness 274 5.2.4 Efficacy of Chlorhexidine 275 5.2.5 Reduction of Breath Malodor 276 5.2.6 Oral Care Composition Containing Ionic Liquids 277 5.2.7 Composition with Propolis Extract 277 References 279 6 Toothbrushes and Dental Floss 281 6.1 Toothbrushes 281 6.1.1 History 281 6.1.2 Types of Toothbrushes 282 6.1.3 Portable Interdental Toothbrush 284 6.1.4 Tapered Bristle Filaments 285 6.1.5 Free-Moving Flexible Bristles 286 6.1.6 Full-Text Contour-Adjustable Toothbrush . . . 286 6.1.7 Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Bristles . . . 287 6.2 Dental Floss 288 6.2.1 History 288 6.2.2 Poly(amide) Poly(ethylene oxide) Composites 289 6.2.3 Elastomeric Dental Floss 289 6.2.4 Bristled Dental Floss 291 6.2.5 Star-Shaped Microfiber Dental Floss 291 6.2.6 Dental Floss Inside a Dental Tubule 293 6.2.7 Surface Treated Dental Floss 293 6.2.8 Relationship Between the Use of Dental Floss and the Development of Peri-implantitis . . . 294 6.2.9 Efficacy of an Unwaxed Dental Floss Impreg- nated with 2% Chlorhexidine 295 6.2.10 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss 295 References 296 Index 299 Acronyms 299 Chemicals 301 General Index 310

Read more less