Medical specialties, branches of medicine Books

Book SynopsisHow to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis, perform and interpret patch tests, and select the best treatment options Written for a broad range of dermatologic professionals, Common Contact Allergens is a straightforward and useful guide that bridges the gap between detailed reference texts and basic handbooks on contact allergy, making it an ideal addition to general dermatology practices for practical use in the office. The first section of the book leads practitioners through the steps necessary to effectively and accurately perform patch testing. This covers basic immunological knowledge, various ways in which contact allergy can present, patch test techniques, and how to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis. Giving attention to all standard allergens, the second section offers an overview of the current literature on each, with detailed analysis on determining the clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction. This convenient companion: Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xi About the Companion Website xiii Section 1: Methodology 1 1 Immunology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis 3 2 Patch Test Technique 5 3 The Detective’s Guide to Contact Dermatitis 15 4 History, Microhistory, and Sources of Contact Allergen Exposure 23 5 Microexamination 55 6 Setting up a Patch Test Practice 89 7 The Role of Providers of Patch Test Products 93 Section 2: Non‐Allergic Dermatoses 99 8 Elimination or Inclusion of Non‐Allergic Skin Diseases 101 9 Irritant Contact Dermatitis 123 Section 3: Common Contact Allergens 127 Metals 129 10 Nickel 129 11 Cobalt 145 12 Chromate 151 13 Gold 161 Fragrances 167 14 Fragrances Incorporating Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance Mix 2, Hydroxyisoheyl 3‐cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, Limonene, and Linalool 167 Preservatives 181 15 Formaldehyde 181 16 Quaternium‐15 187 17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea 191 18 2‐Bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 197 19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone 201 20 Methylisothiazolinone 205 21 Parabens 211 Dyes 217 22 para‐Phenylenediamine 217 23 Disperse Blue 106 227 Rubber 233 24 Rubber: Mercaptobenzothiazole, Mercapto Mix, Thiurams, Carbamates, Thioureas, N Isopropyl‐N’‐Phenyl‐pphenylenediamine 233 Resins 245 25 Colophonium 245 26 Epoxy Resin 255 27 Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin 263 28 para‐Tertiary‐Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin 267 Plants 273 29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix 273 30 Primin 281 Medicaments 287 31 Neomycin 287 32 Clioquinol 293 33 Benzocaine 297 34 Tixocortol‐21‐pivalate Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate 303 Others 311 35 Lanolin 311 36 Cetearyl Alcohol 317 Index 321 E-Supplements 10 Nickel 11 Cobalt 12 Chromate 14 Fragrances 15 Formaldehyde 16 Quaternium 15 17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea 19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylsiothiazolinone 20 Methylisothiazolinone 21 Parabens 22 para-Phenylenediamine 24 Rubber 25 Colophonium 26 Epoxy Resin 28 4-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin 29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix 30 Primin 31 Neomycin 32 Clioquinol 33 Benzocaine 34 Corticosteroids: Tixocortol-21-pivalate, Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 35 Lanolin

Read more less

Book SynopsisSustainable development is a very prevalent concept of modern society. This concept has appeared as a critical force in combining a special focus on development and growth by maintaining a balance of using human resources and the ecosystem in which we are living. The development of new and advanced materials is one of the powerful examples in establishing this concept. Green and sustainable advanced materials are the newly synthesized material or existing modified material having superior and special properties. These fulfil today's growing demand for equipment, machines and devices with better quality for an extensive range of applications in various sectors such as paper, biomedical, textile, and much more. Volume 1 gives overviews on a variety of topics of characterization of green and sustainable advanced materials including biopolymers, biocomposites, nanomaterials, polymeric materials, green functional textiles materials and hybrid materials, as well as processing chapters on Table of Contents1. Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials: OverviewTanvir Arfin, Arshiya Tarannum and Kamini Sonawane. 1 1.1. History. 1 1.2. Biomaterials. 2 1.2.1. Dextran. 2 1.2.1.1. Chemical Structure. 2 1.2.1.2. Properties. 2 1.2.1.3. Applications. 3 1.2.2. Cellulose. 3 1.2.2.1. Chemical Structure. 4 1.2.2.2. Properties. 4 1.2.2.3. Application 1.2.3. Gelatine. 4 1.2.3.1. Chemical Structure. 5 1.2.3.2. Properties. 5 1.2.3.3. Application. 5 1.2.4. Alginate. 6 1.2.4.1. Chemical Structure. 6 1.2.4.2. Properties. 7 1.2.4.3. Application. 7 1.2.5. Chitin. 7 1.2.5.1. Chemical Structure. 8 1.2.5.2. Properties. 8 1.2.5.3. Application. 8 1.2.6. Chitosan. 8 1.2.6.1. Chemical Structure. 9 1.2.6.2. Properties. 9 1.2.6.3. Application. 9 1.2.7. Pollulan. 9 1.2.7.1. Chemical Structure. 9 1.2.7.2. Properties. 10 1.2.7.3. Applications. 10 1.2.8. Curdlan. 10 1.2.8.1. Chemical Structure. 10 1.2.8.2. Properties. 11 1.2.8.3. Application. 11 1.2.9. Lignin. 11 1.2.9.1. Chemical Structure. 11 1.2.9.2. Properties. 12 1.2.9.3. Application. 12 1.2.10. Xanthan Gum. 13 1.2.10.1. Chemical Structure. 13 1.2.10.2. Properties. 14 1.2.10.3. Applications. 14 1.2.11. Hydrogels. 14 1.2.11.1. Chemical Structure. 14 1.2.11.2. Properties:. 14 1.2.11.3. Application. 15 1.2.12. Xylan. 15 1.2.12.1. Chemical Structure. 16 1.2.12.2. Properties. 16 1.2.12.3. Application. 16 1.2.13. Arabic Gum. 17 1.2.13.1. Chemical Structure. 17 1.2.13.2. Properties. 17 1.2.13.3. Applications. 18 1.3. CdS. 18 1.4. Carbon Nanotube. 19 1.5. Fe Containing Nanomaterial. 20 1.6. Graphene. 20 1.7. Graphene Oxide. 22 1.8. Inulin. 23 1.9. Pectin. 24 1.10. Metal Oxide. 25 1.10.1 TiO2. 25 1.10.2 ZnO. 26 1.10.3 CeO2. 26 1.11. Polymer. 27 1.11.1. Polystyrene. 27 1.11.2. PANI. 28 1.11.3 Starch. 28 1.11.4 Dendrimer. 28 1.12 Bentonite. 29 1.13 Conclusion. 29 References. 30 2. Characterization of Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials. 35Pintu Pandit and Gayatri T.N. 2.1. Introduction. 36 2.2. Characterization of Advanced Materials. 38 2.3. Physical Characterization of Advanced Materials. 39 2.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy. 41 2.3.2. Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. 41 2.3.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy. 42 2.3.4. X-ray Diffraction. 43 2.3.5. Ultraviolet Protection. 44 2.3.6. Thermal Characterization (TGA, DTA, DSC, Cone Calorimetry). 44 2.3.6.1. Thermogravimetric Analysis. 45 2.3.6.2. Differential Thermal Analysis. 47 2.3.6.3. Differential Scanning Calorimetric Analysis. 47 2.3.6.4. Cone Calorimetry. 48 2.3.7. Characterization for Mechanical Properties of Advanced Materials. 49 2.4. Chemical Characterization of Advanced Materials. 50 2.4.1. EXAFS, XPS, and AES. 51 2.4.2. ICP-MS, ICP OES, and SIMS. 55 2.4.3. LC/GC/FTICR-MS. 57 2.4.4. NMR. 58 2.4.5. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. 59 2.5. Conclusions. 61 References. 62 3. Green and Sustainable Advanced Biopolymeric and Biocomposite Materials. 67T.P. Mohan and K. Kanny 3.1. Introduction. 67 3.2. Classification of Green Materials. 68 3.3. Biopolymers. 69 3.4. Natural Fillers. 70 3.5. Natural Fibers. 72 3.6. Biocomposites. 73 3.6.1. Thermoplastic Starch Based Composites. 73 3.6.2. Polylactic Acid (PLA) Based Composites. 74 3.6.3. Cellulose Based Composites. 74 3.6.4. Plant Oil Based Composites. 75 3.6.5. Polymer—Polymer Blends-Based Composites. 76 3.7. Merits and Demerits of Green Materials. 76 3.8. Recent Progress in Improvement of Material Properties. 78 3.8.1. Hybridization. 79 3.9. Current Applications of Biocomposites and Biopolymers. 79 3.9.1. Green Fibers and their Potential in Diversified Applications. 80 3.9.2. Textile Applications. 80 3.9.3. Green Fibers for Pulp. 81 3.9.4. Green Fiber for Biocomposites, Based on Lignocelluloses. 82 3.9.5. Applications of Composites. 83 3.9.6. Particleboards. 83 3.10. Futuristic Applications of Biocomposites and Biopolymers. 83 3.10.1. Development Prospects for Plant Fiber/Polymer Composites: 85 3.11. Conclusion. 85 References. 86 4. Green and Sustainable Advanced Nanomaterials. 93Alaa K. H. Al-Khalaf and Falah H. Hussein 4.1. Introduction. 93 4.1.1. Green Chemistry and Nanoscale Science. 94 4.1.2. Examples of Such Green Nanoparticles. 94 4.1.2.1. Beta-Carotene Molecule. 94 4.1.2.2. Anthocyanin Molecule. 96 4.1.2.3. Hydro Gel. 99 4.2. Applications of Natural NanoOrganic Materials. 100 4.2.1. Application of Beta-Carotene. 100 4.2.2. Application of Anthocyanin. 100 4.2.3. Application of Hydrogel. 101 4.3. Conclusion. 104 References. 105 5. Biogenic Approaches for SiO2 Nanostructures: Exploring the Sustainable Platform of Nanofabrication. 107M. Hariram, P. Vishnukumar and S. Vivekanandhan 5.1. Introduction. 108 5.2. Synthesis of SiO2 Nanostructures. 109 5.2.1. Physical Processes. 110 5.2.2. Chemical Processes. 111 5.2.3. Template Assisted Process. 114 5.3. Bio-Mediated Sustainable Processes for SiO2 Nanostructures. 115 5.3.1. Bacterial Assisted Synthesis Process. 116 5.3.2. Fungal Mediates Biogenic Synthesis Process. 118 5.3.3. Plant Based Synthesis Process. 120 5.3.4. Biomolecular Template Assisted Synthetic Process. 123 5.4. Biogenic SiO2 based Doped, Functionalized and Composite Nanostructures. 125 5.4.1. Biogenic Synthesis of Doped and Functionalized SiO2 Nanostructures. 126 5.4.2. Biogenic SiO2 Nanocomposites. 127 5.5. Applications of Bio-fabricated SiO2 Nanoparticles. 129 5.5.1. Catalysis. 130 5.5.2. Biomedical. 130 5.5.3. Energy and Environment. 131 5.6. Conclusions. 131 Acknowledgements. 132 References. 132 6. Green and Sustainable Advanced Composite Materials. 143Yahya F. Al-Khafaji and Falah H. Hussein. 6.1. Introduction. 143 6.2. Applications of Polymers. 145 6.3. The Problems of Synthetic Polymers. 145 6.4. Why Biodegradable Polymers. 147 6.5. Biodegradable Polymers. 147 6.6. Copolymers. 147 6.7. Examples of Biodegradable Polymers is Polyesters. 148 6.7.1. Aliphatic Polyesters Polylactide PLA, PolYcaprolactone PCL and Polyvalerolactone PVL. 148 6.7.2. Preparation of Polyesters. 148 6.7.2.1. Polycondensation. 149 6.7.2.2. Ring opening Polymerization (ROP). 149 6.7.3. Mechanism of ROP. 150 6.7.3.1. Cationic Ring Opening Polymerization (CROP). 150 6.7.3.2. AnionicRring Opening Polymerization (AROP). 150 6.7.3.3. Coordination-Insertion Polymerization. 150 6.8. Conclusion. 152 References. 152 7. Design and Processing Aspects of Polymer and Composite Materials. 155Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal and Tahir Rasheed 7.1. Introduction. 156 7.2. Design and Processing. 158 7.3. Natural Polymers and Their Applied Potentialities. 158 7.3.1. Alginate – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 158 7.3.2. Carrageenan – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 161 7.3.3. Cellulose – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 162 7.3.4. CS – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 163 7.3.5. Dextran – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects 7.3.6. Guar Gum – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 166 7.3.7. Xanthan – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 167 7.4. Synthetic Polymers and Their Applied Potentialities. 169 7.4.1. PAA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 169 7.4.2. PAM – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 170 7.4.3. PVA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 171 7.4.4. PEG – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 171 7.4.5. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 172 7.4.6. PLA – Physiochemical and Structural Aspects. 172 7.5. Materials-based Biocomposites. 173 7.6. Concluding Remarks and Future Considerations. 179 Conflict of Interest. 180 Acknowledgements. 180 References. 180 8. Seaweed-Based Binder in Wood Composites. 191Kang Chiang Liew and Nur Syafiqah Nadiah Abdul Ghani 8.1. Introduction. 191 8.2. Methods and Techniques. 193 8.2.1. Preparation of Raw Material. 193 8.2.2. Seaweed Adhesive Preparation. 193 8.2.3. Blending and Mat Forming. 193 8.2.4. Conditioning. 194 8.2.5. Data Analysis. 195 8.3. Results and Discussion. 195 8.3.1. Overview. 195 8.3.2. The Physical Properties of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 195 8.3.2.2. Density. 197 8.3.3. Dimensional Stability of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 199 8.3.2.1. Moisture Content. 199 8.3.3.2. Thickness Swelling. 201 8.3.4. The Mechanical Properties of Acacia Mangium Particleboard. 204 8.3.3.1. Water Absorption. 204 8.3.4.2. Modulus of Rupture. 205 8.3.4.3. Internal Bonding. 207 8.4. Conclusion. 208 References. 209 9. Green and Sustainable Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 213Pintu Pandit, Gayatri T.N. and Saptarshi Maiti 9.1. Introduction. 213 9.2. Sustainable Colouration of Textile Materials Using Natural Plant Waste Resources. 216 9.2.1. Natural Dyeing with DSE on Silk Fabric. 216 9.2.2. Natural Dyeing of Textile Materials Using Sterculia Foetida Fruit Shell Waste Extract. 217 9.2.3. Natural Dyeing of Textile Materials Using Green CSE. 220 9.2.4. Colouration of Textile Materials Using Resources from Temple Flower Waste. 223 9.3. Sustainable Antibacterial Finishing of Textile Materials Using Natural Waste Resources. 223 9.3.1. Antibacterial Activity of Delonix Regia Stem Shell Waste Extract on Silk Fabric. 223 9.3.2. Antibacterial Textile Materials Using Natural Sterculia Foetida Fruit Shell Waste Extract. 224 9.3.3. Antibacterial Textile Materials Using Waste Green CSE. 225 9.4. Sustainable UV Protective Textile Materials Using Waste Natural Resources. 226 9.4.1. UV Protective Silk Fabric Using DSE. 226 9.4.2. UV Protective Textile Materials Using Sterculia Foetida FSE. 227 9.4.3. UV Protective Textile Materials Using Waste Green CSE. 228 9.5. Sustainable Green Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 229 9.5.1. Flame Retardancy Imparted by Plant Based Waste Natural Resources. 230 9.5.1.1. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Green CSE. 231 9.5.1.2. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using BPS. 234 9.5.1.3. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using SJ. 236 9.5.1.4. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Starch. 236 9.5.1.5. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using PRE. 238 9.5.2. Flame Retardancy Imparted by Animal Based Natural Resources. 239 9.5.2.1. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Chicken Feather. 239 9.5.2.2. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Casein. 239 9.5.2.3. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Whey Protein. 240 9.5.2.4. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Hydrophobin. 242 9.5.2.5. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Deoxyribonucleic Acid. 242 9.5.2.6. Flame Retardant Textile Materials Using Chitosan. 243 9.6. Sustainable Textile Materials Using Clay as Natural Resources. 243 9.6.1. Different Types of Clay and its Application in Textile Materials. 243 9.6.1.1. Application of Clay in Nanocomposites. 245 9.6.1.2. Application of Clay in UV Protection. 246 9.6.1.3. Application of Clay in Effluent Treatment. 246 9.6.1.4. Application of Clay in Superabsorbency. 247 9.6.1.5. Application of Clay in Discolouration of Denim. 248 9.6.1.6. Application of Clay in Antimicrobial Finish. 248 9.6.1.7. Application of Clay in Flame Retardancy. 249 9.6.1.8. Application of Clay in Dyeing and Printing. 250 9.7. Sustainable Application of Aroma Finishing in Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 250 9.7.1. Different Natural Sources of Aroma and Technology for Microencapsulation. 250 9.7.2. Preparation of Recipe and Method of Application for Aroma Finishing. 251 9.7.3. Fragrance Release Property of Aroma Finishing. 251 9.7.4. Applications of Aroma Finishing in Textile Materials. 252 9.8. Sustainable Mosquito Repellent Textile Materials Using Natural Resources. 253 9.8.1. Different Types of Repellent Insecticides. 253 9.8.2. Natural Resources of Mosquito Repellents. 253 9.8.3. Mosquito Repellency Evaluation. 253 9.8.4. Method of Application of Mosquito Repellency. 255 9.8.5. Applications of Mosquito Repellency in Textile Materials. 256 9.9. Conclusion. 256 References. 257 10. Green Engineered Functional Textile Materials. 263Pravin Chavan, Shahid-ul-Islam, Akbar Ali, Shakeel Ahmed and Javed Sheikh 10.1. Introduction. 263 10.1.1. Green Chemicals. 265 10.1.2. Functional Finishing of Textiles: The Expectations. 265 10.2. Different Finishes Applied onto Textiles: Present Techniques vs. Green Methods. 266 10.2.1. Mosquito Repellent Finish. 267 10.2.2. Green Approach. 269 10.3. Methods of Application of Microcapsules on Textiles. 273 10.4. Release Mechanism of Core Material from Microcapsules. 273 10.5. Chemistry of EO. 273 10.6. Evaluation of Mosquito Repellency. 276 10.6.1. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard E951–83. 276 10.6.2. Screened Cage Method. 276 10.6.3. WHO Cone and Field Test Method. 276 10.6.4. Tunnel Test. 277 10.6.5. USDA Laboratory Method. 279 10.7. Aroma Finish. 279 10.7.1. General Method of Application. 280 10.7.2. Green Methods: EO for Aroma Finish. 281 10.7.3. Evaluation of Aroma Finishes. 282 10.8. Conclusion. 282 References. 283 11. Advances in Bio-Nanohybrid Materials. 289Houda Saad, Pedro Luis de Hoyos, Ezzeddine Srasra, Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury 11.1. Introduction. 289 11.2. Inorganic/Organic Hybrids. 290 11.2.1 Definition, Classification and Synthetic Routes. 291 11.2.2 Bio-nanohybrid Materials. 296 11.3. Bio-nanohybrid Materials Based on Clay and Polyphenols. 297 11.3.1 Clay Minerals and Organoclay. 297 11.3.1.1. Clay Minerals. 297 11.3.1.2. Surface Modification of Clay Minerals: Organoclays. 306 11.3.2. Polyphenols as Natural Substances. 309 11.3.3. Clay/Polyphenols Hybrids. 311 11.3.3.1. Techniques Used for Clay-Based Hybrids Characterization. 311 11.4. Conclusions and Perspectives. 323 References. 324 12. Green and Sustainable Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Biotechnological Applications. 333MeryamSardar and HammadAlam 12.1. Introduction. 334 12.2. Synthesis of SeNPs. 335 12.2.1. Physical Methods of Synthesis of SeNPs. 336 12.2.2. Chemical Methods for Synthesis of SeNPs. 336 12.2.3. Microbial Synthesis of SeNPs. 337 12.2.4. Plant Based Synthesis of SeNPs. 337 12.3. Biotechnological Applications of SeNPs. 341 12.3.1 Anticancerous Activity. 342 12.3.2 Antioxidant Activity. 343 12.3.3 Antidiabetic Effect. 345 12.3.4 Wound Healing. 345 12.3.5 Antibacterial Activity. 345 12.3.6 Antilarvicidal Activity. 347 12.3.7 Biosensors. 347 12.4. Conclusion. 347 Acknowledgments. 348 References. 348 Index. 000

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review‘Whether you are planning, practicing, preparing, or have a passion for paediatrics, this textbook is perfect for medical students who may like to specialise in this field or for readers who need a vital guide for quick referencing during their paediatric rotation in medical school. This textbook provides a comprehensive resource for readers who would like to obtain a deeper understanding of the world of contemporary paediatrics and to keep up to date with the latest technological advances that are available in diagnosing and treating diseases in children.’ – Australian Medical Student JournalTable of ContentsForeword vii Preface to the fourth edition ix Acknowledgements xi How to get the best out of your textbook xiii Introduction: Doing well in paediatrics 1 Part 1: About children 1 Nature and nurture 9 2 Health care and health promotion 27 3 Children with long-term medical conditions 45 Part 2: A paediatric tool kit 4 Communicating with children, their families and colleagues 61 5 History taking and clinical examination 67 6 Developmental assessment 99 7 Investigations and their interpretation 107 8 Prescribing for children 123 Part 3: An approach to problem-based paediatrics 9 The febrile child 133 10 Respiratory disorders 159 11 Gastrointestinal disorders 183 12 Cardiac disorders 217 13 Neurological disorders 229 14 Development and neurodisability 251 15 Growth, endocrine and metabolic disorders 277 16 Musculoskeletal disorders 307 17 Renal and urinary tract disorders 319 18 Genitalia 337 19 Dermatology and rashes 345 20 Haematological disorders 371 21 Emotional, behavioural and educational problems 381 22 Social paediatrics 391 23 Emergency paediatrics 399 24 The newborn 427 25 Adolescence and puberty 455 Part 4: Testing your knowledge 26 Practice MCQ and examination questions 471 Multiple choice questions 472 Answers to multiple choice questions 484 Practice examination papers 486 Answers to practice examination papers 492 Index 495

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe reliable quick-reference guide to clinical dermatology Rook''s Dermatology Handbook condenses a wealth of clinical expertise into its accessible, user-friendly guide to the diagnosis and management of dermatological disorders. With its contents carefully selected from the much-respected Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, this invaluable resource combines precise explanations with visual aids and a concise, quick-reference format to create an everyday tool for practitioners and students alike. This innovative new text: Provides quick answers to clinical questions in one concise and practical volume Collates and condenses selections from the acclaimed Rook's Textbook of Dermatology Features helpful illustrations that allow visualization of the clinical features of dermatological conditions Highlights essential information with easy-to-navigate tables, charts, and algorithms Includes investigaTable of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Preface xi Glossary xiii Abbreviations xiv 1 Introduction 1 2 Introduction to dermatological therapeutics 10 Part 1: Infections and Infestations 21 3 Viral infections 23 4 Bacterial infections and sexually transmitted bacterial diseases 45 5 Mycobacterial infections 86 6 HIV and the skin 98 7 Fungal infections 106 8 Parasitic diseases 124 9 Arthropods stings and bites 137 Part 2: Inflammatory Dermatoses 153 10 Psoriasis 155 11 Pityriasis rubra pilaris 175 12 Lichen planus and lichenoid disorders 180 13 Graft-versus-host disease 192 14 Eczematous disorders 199 15 Seborrhoeic dermatitis 222 16 Atopic eczema 226 17 Urticaria 236 18 Mastocytosis 250 19 Reactive inflammatory erythemas 254 20 Behcet disease 262 21 Neutrophilic dermatoses 267 22 Immunobullous diseases 276 23 Lupus erythematosus 300 24 Dermatomyositis 318 25 Sclerosis and morphoea 325 Part 3: Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Affecting the Skin 343 26 Cutaneous amyloidoses 345 27 Cutaneous mucinoses 351 28 Porphyrias 355 29 Nutritional disorders affecting the skin 363 Part 4: Genetic Disorders Involving the Skin 373 30 Inherited disorders of epidermal keratinisation 375 31 Acquired and inherited hair disorders 388 32 Acquired and inherited disorders of pigmentation 411 33 Epidermolysis bullosa 427 34 Genetic disorders of collagen elastin and dermal matrix 436 35 Disorders affecting cutaneous vasculature 445 36 Congenital naevi 450 37 DNA repair disorders with cutaneous features 459 38 Hamartoneoplastic syndromes 464 39 Inherited metabolic disorders 470 Part 5: Psychological and Neurological Disorders and the Skin 475 40 Pruritus and prurigo 477 41 Mucocutaneous pain syndromes 482 42 Psychodermatology 486 Part 6: Skin Disorders Associated with Specific Cutaneous Structure 493 43 Acquired disorders of epidermal keratinisation 495 44 Acne 503 45 Rosacea flushing and blushing 522 46 Hidradenitis suppurativa 536 47 Disorders of the sweat glands 540 48 Acquired and inherited nail disorders 545 49 Acquired disorders of dermal connective tissue 562 50 Sarcoidosis and granulomatous skin disorders 576 51 Panniculitis 584 52 Lipodystrophies and other acquired disorders of subcutaneous fat 596 Part 7: Vascular Disorders Involving the Skin 605 53 Purpura 607 54 Vasculitis 613 55 Dermatoses resulting from disorders of the arteries and veins 627 56 Ulceration resulting from disorders of the veins and arteries 637 57 Disorders of the lymphatic vessels 642 Part 8: Skin Disorders Associated with Specific Sites Sex and Age 657 58 Dermatoses of the external ear 659 59 Disorders of the lips and mouth 662 60 Dermatoses of the eye and eyelids 684 61 Dermatoses of anogenital skin 693 62 Dermatoses occurring in pregnancy 714 63 Dermatoses of neonates 719 64 Dermatoses of infants 729 65 Infantile and congenital haemangiomas 743 Part 9: Skin Disorders Caused by External Agents 749 66 Cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs and radiotherapy 751 67 Dermatoses caused by cold and heat 769 68 Photodermatoses 775 69 Contact dermatitis 784 Part 10 Neoplastic Proliferative and Infiltrative Disorders Affecting the Skin 795 70 Benign melanocytic proliferations and melanocytic naevi 797 71 Benign keratinocytic acanthomas and proliferations 821 72 Cutaneous cysts 826 73 Lymphocytic infiltrates 829 74 Cutaneous histiocytoses 835 75 Soft‐tissue tumours and tumour‐like conditions 844 76 Tumours of skin appendages 857 77 Kaposi sarcoma 869 78 Cutaneous lymphomas 872 79 Basal cell carcinoma 890 80 Squamous cell carcinoma its precursors and skin cancer in the immunocompromised patient 901 81 Melanoma 917 82 Dermoscopy of melanoma and naevi 930 83 Merkel cell carcinoma 941 84 Cutaneous markers of internal malignancy 944 Part 11: Systemic Disease and the Skin 955 85 The skin and systemic diseases 957 86 Acute dermatoses 975 87 Differential diagnosis 981 88 Drugs in dermatology 990 Index 1006

Read more less

Book SynopsisMICRONEEDLING A complete guide to microneedling and its varied roles in modern aesthetic medicineMicroneedling is an increasingly common procedure in the day-to-day practice of dermatologists across the globe. Minimally invasive and requiring minimal downtime, the process can be used to address a range of cosmetic and dermatologic concerns, including rejuvenation of the skin, transdermal delivery of drugs, skin textural irregularities, luminosity, and treatment of dyschromia, melasma, and scarring. Treatment is administered with pens, rollers, and, stamps that have been designed to stimulate the release of growth factors and induce collagen production, working to enhance the appearance of patients of all ages and skin types.Edited by leading dermatologist Dr. Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand, Microneedling brings together practical instruction, top tips, and exciting new research to provide all those working in aesthetic medicine with an essential guide to this mTable of ContentsList of Editors and Contributors vi Cosmetic and Aesthetic Procedures in Dermatology Series viii Preface ix 1 Introduction to Microneedling 1Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand 2 A Short History of Skin Needling 10Desmond Fernandes 3 The Value of Medical Needling in Burn Scars 22Matthias Aust, Desmond Fernandes, and Richard Bender 4 Skin Care Used with Microneedling 41Chytra V. Anand and Parinitha Rao 5 Treatment of Hyperpigmentation with Microneedling 52Atchima Suwanchinda 6 Treatment of Acne and Acne Scars with Microneedling 81Stuti Khare Shukla and Michael H. Gold 7 Microneedling and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) 98Elizabeth Bahar Houshmand Index 113

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsNotes on Contributors vii Preface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Ninth Edition x About the Companion Website xi Part 1 Introducing Pharmaceutical Microbiology 1 1 Introduction to Pharmaceutical Microbiology 3 Brendan F. Gilmore and Stephen P. Denyer Part 2 Biology of Microorganisms 11 2 Fundamental Features of Microbiology 13 Norman Hodges and Stephen P. Denyer 3 Bacteria 27 David Allison 4 Fungi 47 Kevin Kavanagh 5 Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents: Characteristics and Control 63 Timofey Skvortsov and Jean-Yves Maillard 6 Protozoa 98 Tim Paget Part 3 Pathogens and Host Response 121 7 Principles of Microbial Pathogenicity and Epidemiology 123 David Allison and Andrew J. McBain 8 Microbial Biofilms: Consequences for Health 135 Brendan F. Gilmore 9 Immunology 147 Mark Gumbleton and Mathew W. Smith 10 Vaccination and Immunisation 174 Gavin J. Humphreys and Andrew J. McBain Part 4 Prescribing Therapeutics and Infection Control 191 11 Antibiotics and Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents: Their Properties and Uses 193 Brendan F. Gilmore 12 Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics and Synthetic Anti-infective Agents 232 Peter Lambert 13 Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics 249 Brendan F. Gilmore and Stephen P. Denyer 14 Clinical Uses of Antimicrobial Drugs 272 Hayley Wickens and Conor Jamieson 15 Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship 289 Rebecca Craig 16 Infection Prevention and Control: Healthcare-associated Infection 304 Elaine Cloutman-Green Part 5 Contamination and Contamination Control 321 17 Microbial Spoilage, Infection Risk and Contamination Control 323 Rosamund M. Baird 18 Chemical Disinfectants,Antiseptics and Preservatives 343 Sean P. Gorman and Brendan F. Gilmore 19 Laboratory Evaluation of Antimicrobial Agents 365 Brendan F. Gilmore and Sean P. Gorman 20 Microbicides: Mode of Action and Resistance 385 Stephen P. Denyer and Jean-Yves Maillard 21 Sterilisation Procedures and Sterility Assurance 403 Alistair K. Brown and Stephen P. Denyer Part 6 Pharmaceutical Production 433 22 Sterile Pharmaceutical Products and Principles of Good Manufacturing Practice 435 Tim Sandle 23 The Manufacture and Quality Control of Immunological Products 462 Tim Sandle 24 Recombinant DNA Technology 480 Miguel Cámara and Stephan Heeb Part 7 Current Trends and New Directions 507 25 The Wider Contribution of Microbiology to the Pharmaceutical Sciences 509 Mathew W. Smith, James C. Birchall and Sion A. Coulman 26 Alternative Strategies to Antibiotics: Priorities for Development 529 Brendan F. Gilmore Index 544

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1Rachael Morris‐Jones 2 Psoriasis 11Rachael Morris‐Jones 3 Management of Psoriasis 19Rachael Morris‐Jones 4 Eczema (Dermatitis) 27Rachael Morris-Jones 5 Urticaria and Angio‐oedema 39Rachael Morris‐Jones 6 Skin and Photosensitivity 43John S. Ferguson 7 Drug Rashes 51Sarah Walsh 8 Immunobullous and Other Blistering Disorders 59Rachael Morris‐Jones 9 Connective Tissue Disease, Vasculitis, and Related Disorders 67Rachael Morris‐Jones 10 The Skin and Systemic Disease 75Rachael Morris‐Jones 11 Leg Ulcers 87Rachael Morris‐Jones 12 Acne, Rosacea, and Hidradenitis Suppurativa 95Rachael Morris‐Jones 13 Bacterial Infections 105Rachael Morris‐Jones 14 Viral Infections 113Rachael Morris‐Jones 15 HIV and the Skin 123Rachael Morris‐Jones 16 Fungal Infections 131Rachael Morris‐Jones 17 Insect Bites and Infestations 139Rachael Morris‐Jones 18 Tropical Dermatology 147Rachael Morris‐Jones 19 Hair and Scalp 157Kapil Bhargava and David Fenton 20 Diseases of the Nails 165David de Berker 21 Genital Dermatoses 175Fiona Lewis 22 Benign Skin Tumours 183Rachael Morris‐Jones 23 Premalignant and Malignant Skin Lesions 195Rachael Morris‐Jones 24 Practical Procedures and Skin Surgery 207Raj Mallipeddi 25 Lasers, Intense Pulsed Light, and Photodynamic Therapy 215Alun Evans and Saqib J. Bashir 26 Cosmetic Dermatology 223Emma Craythorne 27 Wounds, Dressings, and Bandages 231Bernadette Byrne 28 Formulary 245Karen Watson and Aisling Ryan Index 255

Read more less

Book SynopsisIncludes both a broad technical overview of dental materials and the chemicals that are used for the preparation and fabrication of dental materials in all dental applications This book focuses on the materials used for dental applications by looking at the fundamental issues and the developments that have taken place the past decade. While it provides a broad overview of dental materials, the chemicals that are used for the preparation and fabrication of dental materials are explained as well. Also, the desired properties of these materials are discussed and the relevance of the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties is elucidated. Methods for the characterization and classification, as well as clinical studies are reviewed here. In particular, materials for dental crowns, implants, toothpaste compositions, mouth rinses, as well as materials for toothbrushes and dental floss are discussed. For example, in toothpaste compositions, several classes of materials anTable of ContentsPreface v 1 Dental Materials 1 1.1 History 1 1.2 Properties 2 1.2.1 Acronyms for Compounds in Dental Com- pounds 2 1.2.2 Standards in Dentistry 2 1.2.3 Adhesion in Restorative Dentistry 11 1.2.4 Fracture Toughness 12 1.2.5 Biocompatibility of Dental Adhesives 12 1.2.6 Testing the Cytotoxicity 13 1.2.7 Degradation of Dental Polymers 14 1.2.8 Effect of Modulated Photoactivation on Poly- merization Shrinkage 15 1.2.9 Ceramics Versus Resin Composites 16 1.3 Materials 17 1.3.1 Provisional Restoratives 17 1.3.2 Restorative Material Kit 18 1.3.3 Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane 27 1.3.4 Fiber Reinforced Dental Composites 28 1.3.5 Polymer-Coated Glass Filler 29 1.3.6 Glass Ionomers 32 1.3.7 Bioactive Glass 36 1.3.8 Restorative Dental Glass Ceramics 38 1.3.9 Curable Acrylate Polymer Compositions . . . 39 1.3.10 Hydrophilic Polymer Sponge Structures 40 1.3.11 Hybrid Polymer Network Compositions for Artificial Teeth 42 1.3.12 Urethane Macromers 43 1.3.13 Catechol-Functionalized Polymer 43 1.3.14 High Refractive Index Monomers 44 1.3.15 Antibacterial Polymers for Dental Adhesives . 45 1.3.16 Chemical Composition of Contemporary Dental Adhesives 49 1.3.17 Nanostructured Antibacterial and Remineral-izing Dental Bonding Agents 50 1.3.18 Rechargeable Calcium Phosphate-Containing Dental Materials 51 1.3.19 Dental Alloys 53 1.3.20 Tooth Desensitizing Oral Care Compositions . 54 1.3.21 Commercially Available Compositions 55 1.4 Special Fabrication Methods 60 1.4.1 Photoinitiator System for Hybrid Polymers . . 60 1.4.2 Nanotechnology 61 1.4.3 Extensive Dark Curing 63 1.4.4 Oral Implantology 70 1.4.5 Dental Inlays 74 References 75 2 Implants 85 2.1 Dental Restoration Methods 86 2.2 Implant Designs 88 2.3 Dental Restoration Composition 89 2.3.1 Heparin 102 2.4 Hybrid Implants 103 2.4.1 Electrophoretically Prepared Hybrid Materials 104 2.5 CAD/CAM Implants 107 2.5.1 CAD/CAM Implant-Supported Crown 107 2.5.2 High-Density Polymer CAD/CAM Interim Restorations 109 2.5.3 Biocompatibility of Polymer-Infiltrated-Ce- ramic-Network 110 2.6 Powder Injection Molding 110 2.7 Composite Bone Grafts 112 2.8 Sphene Biocoating on cp-Ti Substrates 113 2.9 Cell-Material Interactions 114 2.9.1 Temperature Changes in One-Piece Implants . 114 2.10 Dental Implant with Porous Body 116 2.10.1 Porous Coatings 116 2.10.2 Porous Implant Material 117 2.11 Implant with a Polymeric Post 118 2.12 Short Dental Implants Versus Standard Dental Implants122 2.13 Adjustable Dental Implants 123 2.14 Materials for Implants 124 2.14.1 Poly(ether ether ketone) 124 2.14.2 Expandable Polymer Dental Implant 135 2.14.3 Endosseous Dental Implant Assembly 136 2.14.4 Titanium-Polymer Composites 138 2.14.5 Titanium Implant Functionalization with Phosphate-Containing Polymers 139 2.14.6 Zirconia Dental Implants 139 2.14.7 Shape-Memory Polymers 143 2.14.8 Tetracycline Polymer Nanofiber Modified Ti- tanium Disks 145 2.14.9 Biopolymers 146 References 150 3 Dentures 157 3.1 Properties 157 3.1.1 Plaque Index 157 3.1.2 Inhibition of Denture Plaque Deposition . . . 158 3.2 Materials 160 3.2.1 Longevity of Fiber Reinforced Composite . . . 160 3.2.2 Denture Tooth and Material 160 3.2.3 Fixed Partial Dentures Made from Fiber Rein- forced Polymer 163 3.2.4 Denture Adhesives 163 3.3 Fabrication Methods 171 3.3.1 Rapid Prototyping in Dentistry 171 3.3.2 Computer-Aided System 172 3.3.3 Two-Step Impression for Complete Denture Fabrication 173 3.3.4 Gingival Retraction Methods 173 References 174 4 Toothpaste Compositions 177 4.1 History 178 4.2 Ingredients for Toothpastes 179 4.2.1 Abrasive Materials 179 4.2.2 Fluoride 183 4.2.3 Detergents 184 4.2.4 Humectants 184 4.2.5 Thickeners 184 4.2.6 Sweeteners 184 4.2.7 Coloring Agents 192 4.2.8 Organic Antimicrobial Agents 192 4.2.9 Bad Breath Reduction Agents 198 4.2.10 Flavoring Agents 198 4.3 Compositions 198 4.3.1 Processes for Preparing Toothpaste Compositions 198 4.3.2 Non-fluorinated Compositions 205 4.3.3 Alkyl Sulfate and Orthophosphate Free Com- position 209 4.3.4 Thin Film Toothpaste Strip 213 4.3.5 Enamel Protectant and Repair Toothpaste . . . 214 4.3.6 Striped Toothpastes 215 4.3.7 Color Changing Compositions 218 4.3.8 Two Phase Toothpaste 220 4.3.9 Composition with Diamond Particles 221 4.3.10 Compositions with Improved Rheology 224 4.3.11 Toothpaste Composition with Improved Shelf Life 225 4.3.12 Bleach-Stable Toothpaste 229 4.3.13 Antibiotic Toothpaste 232 4.3.14 Compositions with Zinc Ions and Polyphos- phate Ions 234 4.3.15 Abradable Films 239 4.3.16 Silica Abrasive-Free Composition 239 4.3.17 Toothpaste with Bioadhesive Submicron Emulsion 239 4.3.18 Antiplaque Toothpaste Composition 242 4.3.19 Saponin 245 4.3.20 Foamable Fluoride Oral Care Composition . . 248 References 251 5 Mouth Rinses 257 5.1 Mouth Rinses with Hydrogen Peroxide 257 5.1.1 Enhanced Activity of Peroxides 258 5.1.2 Antiplaque Mouth Rinse 260 5.1.3 Method of Treating Mucositis 262 5.1.4 Formulations for Use with Toothbrush Delivery Device 263 5.1.5 Antibacterial Mouthwash 265 5.1.6 Prevention of Periodontal Diseases 266 5.1.7 Alcohol-Free Compositions 267 5.1.8 Dual Phase Mouthwash 269 5.1.9 Non-alcohol Bioactive Essential Oil Mouth Rinses 270 5.2 Properties 272 5.2.1 Periodontal Disease 272 5.2.2 Biological Activity of Antimicrobials 273 5.2.3 Effect on the Microhardness 274 5.2.4 Efficacy of Chlorhexidine 275 5.2.5 Reduction of Breath Malodor 276 5.2.6 Oral Care Composition Containing Ionic Liquids 277 5.2.7 Composition with Propolis Extract 277 References 279 6 Toothbrushes and Dental Floss 281 6.1 Toothbrushes 281 6.1.1 History 281 6.1.2 Types of Toothbrushes 282 6.1.3 Portable Interdental Toothbrush 284 6.1.4 Tapered Bristle Filaments 285 6.1.5 Free-Moving Flexible Bristles 286 6.1.6 Full-Text Contour-Adjustable Toothbrush . . . 286 6.1.7 Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) Bristles . . . 287 6.2 Dental Floss 288 6.2.1 History 288 6.2.2 Poly(amide) Poly(ethylene oxide) Composites 289 6.2.3 Elastomeric Dental Floss 289 6.2.4 Bristled Dental Floss 291 6.2.5 Star-Shaped Microfiber Dental Floss 291 6.2.6 Dental Floss Inside a Dental Tubule 293 6.2.7 Surface Treated Dental Floss 293 6.2.8 Relationship Between the Use of Dental Floss and the Development of Peri-implantitis . . . 294 6.2.9 Efficacy of an Unwaxed Dental Floss Impreg- nated with 2% Chlorhexidine 295 6.2.10 Mechanical and Physical Properties of Various Types of Dental Floss 295 References 296 Index 299 Acronyms 299 Chemicals 301 General Index 310

Read more less

Book SynopsisOperative Dictations in Urologic Surgery offers a precise, step-by-step guide for a wide range of adult and pediatric urologic operations. Detailed chapters cover over 120 of the most relevant surgical procedures. Comprehensive operative dictation templates are included to use when dictating operative notes. Details including positioning, surgical time out, operative techniques, and wound closures are described to familiarize the reader with both the fundamentals and nuances of each procedure. This unique guide: offers a detailed stepwise description on a comprehensive range of open, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques in a practical Operative Dictation formatprovides complete synopses of all procedures, including bulleted lists of indications, essential steps, variations, and complicationscombines the authors' 75 years collective surgical experience and the most trusted, up-to-date resources available Operative Dictations in Urologic Surgery is an essential reference for clinicianTable of ContentsForeword xv Preface xvii Section I Open Surgery 1 Adrenal 3 1 Adrenalectomy 5 Bladder 9 2 Augmentation Cystoplasty 11 3 Bladder Diverticulectomy 15 4 Cystolithotomy 19 5 Enterovesical Fistula Repair (with Omental Flap) 23 6 Insertion of a Sacral Neuromodulation Device 27 7 Partial Cystectomy 31 8 Radical Cystectomy (Female) 35 9 Radical Cystectomy (Male) 39 10 Suprapubic Cystostomy 43 Kidney 45 11 Anatrophic Nephrolithotomy 47 12 Nephroureterectomy 51 13 Partial Nephrectomy 55 14 Pyelolithotomy 59 15 Pyeloplasty (Dismembered) 63 16 Radical Nephrectomy 67 17 Renal Exploration and Reconstruction for Trauma (Renorrhaphy) 71 18 Simple Nephrectomy 75 19 Transplant Nephrectomy 79 Lymphatics 81 20 Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection 83 21 Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection 87 22 Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection 91 Penis 95 23 Circumcision 97 24 Inflatable Penile Prosthesis 99 25 Malleable Penile Prosthesis 103 26 Partial Penectomy 107 27 Penile Arterial Revascularization 109 28 Penile Reimplantation 113 29 Plication for Penile Curvature (Lue “16-Dot” Technique) 117 30 Priapism Reduction (Al-Ghorab Open Distal Shunt) 119 31 Repair of Penile Fracture 121 32 Total Penectomy 123 Prostate 125 33 Radical Perineal Prostatectomy 127 34 Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy with Bilateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection 131 35 Retropubic Simple Prostatectomy 135 36 Suprapubic Prostatectomy 139 Testis and Scrotum 143 37 Epididymal Cyst Excision (Spermatocelectomy) 145 38 Epididymectomy 147 39 Hydrocelectomy 149 40 Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction (MicroTESE) 151 41 Microsurgical Variococelectomy 153 42 Radical Orchiectomy 157 43 Simple Orchiectomy (Unilateral or Bilateral) 159 44 Testicular Prosthesis Insertion 161 45 Testis Biopsy 163 46 Vasectomy 165 47 Vasoepididymostomy 167 48 Vasovasostomy 171 Ureter 175 49 Bladder Flap (Boari-Ockerblad) 177 50 Ileal Ureter 181 51 Psoas Hitch 185 52 Transureteroureterostomy 189 53 Ureterocalicostomy 193 54 Ureterolithotomy 197 55 Ureterolysis (with Omental Flaps) 201 56 Ureteroureterostomy 205 Urethra 209 57 Artificial Urinary Sphincter (Male) 211 58 Augmented Anastomotic Urethroplasty 215 59 Augmented Urethroplasty Using a Buccal Mucosal Graft 219 60 Buccal Mucosal Graft Harvest 223 61 Excision and Primary Anastomotic Urethroplasty 225 62 Male Urethral Sling 229 63 Perineal Urethrostomy 233 64 Posterior Urethral Reconstruction 235 65 Transsphincteric Rectourethral Fistula Repair (York-Mason Procedure) 239 66 Transverse Circular Penile Fasciocutaneous Flap Urethroplasty (McAninch Procedure) 243 67 Urethrectomy (Male) 247 Urinary Diversion 251 68 Appendicovesicostomy (Mitrofanoff Procedure) 253 69 Ileal Conduit 257 70 Ileocecal Reservoir (Indiana Pouch) 261 71 Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder (Hautmann Pouch) 267 72 Transverse Colon Conduit 271 73 Ureterosigmoidostomy 275 Section II Endoscopic Surgery 281 74 Endopyelotomy (Ureteroscopic Approach) 283 75 Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy 287 76 Ureteral Stent Exchange 291 77 Ureteral Stent Insertion 295 78 Ureteral Stent Removal 299 79 Ureteroscopy for Stones 301 80 Ureteroscopy for Tumors 305 Section III Transurethral Surgery 309 81 Bladder Biopsy 311 82 Cystolithotripsy 313 83 Cystoscopy 315 84 Direct Visual Internal Urethrotomy 317 85 Intravesical Injection of Botulinum Toxin 321 86 Laser Prostatectomy (Photoselective Vaporization) 323 87 Prostate Cryotherapy 327 88 Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor 331 89 Transurethral Resection of Ejaculatory Ducts 335 90 Transurethral Resection of Prostate 339 Section IV Transvaginal Surgery 343 91 Anterior Vaginal Prolapse Repair (Cystocele) 345 92 Autologous Pubovaginal Sling 349 93 Enterocele Repair with Uterosacral Ligament Fixation 353 94 Midurethral Retropubic Sling 357 95 Rectocele Repair 361 96 Urethral Diverticulectomy 365 97 Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair 369 Section V Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery 373 Adrenal 375 98 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 377 Bladder 381 99 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy 383 100 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Bladder Diverticulectomy 387 101 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Cystectomy 391 102 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (Female) 395 103 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (Male) 399 104 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair 403 Kidney 407 105 Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy 409 106 Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy 413 107 Laparoscopic Renal Cyst Decortication 417 108 Laparoscopic Simple Nephrectomy 421 109 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy 425 110 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy 429 111 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy 433 112 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty (Dismembered) 437 Lymphatics 441 113 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection 443 Prostate 447 114 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy with Bilateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection 449 115 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Simple Prostatectomy 455 Section VI Pediatric Surgery 461 116 Ablation of Posterior Urethral Valves 463 117 Meatal Advancement and Glanuloplasty (MAGPI Repair) 465 118 Megaureter Repair 467 119 Open Inguinal Hernia Repair 471 120 Transurethral Incision of Ureterocele 475 121 Transverse Preputial Onlay Island Flap 477 122 Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty 481 123 Ureteral Reimplantation: Extravesical Technique 485 124 Ureteral Reimplantation: Suprahiatal Transvesical Advancement (Politano-Leadbetter Procedure) 489 125 Ureteral Reimplantation: Transtrigonal Technique (Cohen Procedure) 493 Section VII Miscellaneous Procedures 499 126 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy 501 Index 505

Read more less

Book SynopsisRandomised Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting provides a detailed overview of the methodology for conducting clinical trials, including developing protocols, data capture, randomisation, analysis and reporting. Assuming no prior background, this user-friendly resource describes the statistical, regulatory, and practical components required for conducting randomised clinical trials. Numerous examples and case studies from industry, academia, and the research literature help readers understand each stage of the clinical trial process. This second edition contains extensively revised material throughout, including new chapters covering designs for repeated measures, non-inferiority, cluster and stepped wedge trials. Other new chapters describe data and safety monitoring, biomarker studies, and feasibility studies. Updated and expanded sections discuss situations where multiple organs, different body locations or competing risks are involved, subgroup aTable of ContentsPreface xiii Part I Basic Considerations 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Some completed trials 4 1.3 Choice of design 13 1.4 Practical constraints 18 1.5 Influencing clinical practice 20 1.6 History 20 1.7 How do trials arise? 22 1.8 Ethical considerations 24 1.9 Regulatory requirements 24 1.10 Focus 25 1.11 Further reading 25 2 Design Features 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 The research question 29 2.3 Patient selection 30 2.4 The consent process 32 2.5 Choice of interventions 33 2.6 Choice of design 35 2.7 Assigning the interventions 37 2.8 Making the assessments 38 2.9 Analysis and reporting 38 2.10 Technical details 42 2.11 Guidelines 43 2.12 Further reading 44 3 The Trial Protocol 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Abstract 47 3.3 Background 49 3.4 Research objectives 49 3.5 Design 52 3.6 Intervention details 53 3.7 Eligibility 56 3.8 Randomisation 58 3.9 Assessment and data collection 61 3.10 Statistical considerations 63 3.11 Ethical issues 66 3.12 Organisational structure 69 3.13 Publication policy 69 3.14 Trial forms 70 3.15 Appendices 71 3.16 Regulatory requirements 72 3.17 Guidelines 74 3.18 Protocols 74 4 Measurement and Data Capture 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Types of measures 78 4.3 Measures and endpoints 80 4.4 Making the observations 91 4.5 Baseline measures 92 4.6 Data recording 93 4.7 Technical notes 101 4.8 Guidelines 101 5 Randomisation 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Rationale 104 5.3 Mechanics 104 5.4 Application 113 5.5 Carrying out randomisation 115 5.6 Documentation 119 5.7 Unacceptable methods 120 5.8 Guidelines 120 6 Trial Initiation 121 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Trial organisation 122 6.3 Data collection and processing 130 6.4 Internal data monitoring 132 6.5 Ethical and regulatory requirements 133 6.6 Launching the trial 134 6.7 Trial registries 134 6.8 Guidelines 135 7 Trial Conduct and Completion 137 7.1 Introduction 137 7.2 Regular feedback 137 7.3 Publicity 141 7.4 Protocol modifications 142 7.5 Preparing the publication(s) 142 7.6 The next trial? 145 7.7 Protocol 146 8 Basics for Analysis 147 8.1 Introduction 147 8.2 The standard Normal distribution 148 8.3 Confidence intervals 149 8.4 Statistical tests 150 8.5 Examples of analysis 152 8.6 Regression methods 169 8.7 Other issues 179 8.8 Practice 182 8.9 Technical details 183 9 Trial Size 185 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Significance level and power 186 9.3 The fundamental equation 188 9.4 Specific situations 190 9.5 Practical considerations 198 9.6 Further topics 203 9.7 Guideline 206 9.8 Software 206 10 Data and Safety Monitoring 209 10.1 Introduction 209 10.2 The DSMB 211 10.3 Early reviews 214 10.4 Interim reviews 219 10.5 Protocols 228 11 Reporting 229 11.1 Introduction 229 11.2 Publication 230 11.3 Responsibilities 233 11.4 Background 235 11.5 Methods 236 11.6 Findings 248 11.7 When things go wrong 258 11.8 Conclusions 259 11.9 Guidelines 260 Part II Adaptions of the Basic Design 263 12 More Than Two Interventions 265 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 Unstructured comparisons 266 12.3 Comparisons with placebo (or standard) 270 12.4 Dose-response designs 275 12.5 Factorial trials 280 12.6 Complex structure comparisons 289 13 Paired and Matched Designs 293 13.1 Matched-pair trials 293 13.2 Cross-over trials 305 13.3 Split-mouth designs 311 13.4 Guidelines 317 14 Repeated Measures Design 319 14.1 Introduction 319 14.2 Simplified analysis 322 14.3 Regression models 329 14.4 Auto-correlation 331 14.5 Accounting for auto-correlation 334 14.6 The design effect (DE) 338 14.7 Trial size 344 14.8 Practicalities 347 14.9 Reporting 350 14.10 Matched organs receiving the same intervention 354 15 Non-Inferiority and Equivalence Trials 357 15.1 Introduction 357 15.2 Non-inferiority 358 15.3 Analysis 361 15.4 Trial size 366 15.5 Equivalence 370 15.6 Reporting 373 15.7 Practical Issues 373 15.8 Guidelines 373 16 Cluster Designs 375 16.1 Design features 375 16.2 Procedures 376 16.3 Regression models 379 16.4 Intra-class correlation 380 16.5 Trial size 381 16.6 Analysis 386 16.7 Practicalities 388 16.8 Reporting 388 16.9 Further reading 389 17 Stepped Wedge Designs 391 17.1 Introduction 391 17.2 Notation 392 17.3 Basic structure 396 17.4 Randomisation 398 17.5 Cross-sectional design 398 17.6 Closed cohort design 408 17.7 Practicalities 413 Part III Further Topics 415 18 Genomic Targets 417 18.1 Introduction 417 18.2 Predictive markers 418 18.3 Enrichment design 420 18.4 Biomarker-Stratified Designs 422 18.5 Adaptive threshold designs 431 19 Feasibility and Pilot Studies 435 19.1 Introduction 435 19.2 Feasibility studies 436 19.3 External-pilot studies 437 19.4 Considerations across external-pilot and main trial 444 19.5 Internal-pilot studies 445 19.6 Other preliminary studies 447 19.7 Reporting 449 20 Further Topics 451 20.1 Introduction 451 20.2 Adaptive approaches 452 20.3 Large simple trials 461 20.4 Bayesian methods 463 20.5 Interim analyses 467 20.6 Zelen randomised consent designs 472 20.7 Systematic overviews 476 Statistical Tables 483 Glossary 493 References 503 Index 523

Read more less

Book SynopsisSustainable development is a very prevalent concept of modern society. This concept has appeared as a critical force in combining a special focus on development and growth by maintaining a balance of using human resources and the ecosystem in which we are living. The development of new and advanced materials is one of the powerful examples in establishing this concept. Green and sustainable advanced materials are the newly synthesized material or existing modified material having superior and special properties. These fulfil today's growing demand for equipment, machines and devices with better quality for an extensive range of applications in various sectors such as paper, biomedical, textile, and much more. Volume 2, provides chapters on the valorization ofgreen and sustainable advanced materials from a biomedical perspective as well as the applications in textile technology, optoelectronics, energy materials systems, and the food and agriculture industry.Table of ContentsPreface xvii 1 Green Sustainability, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials – A Critical Overview and a Vision for the Future 1Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The Aim and Objective of This Study 2 1.3 The Need and the Rationale of This Study 3 1.4 Environmental and Green Sustainability 3 1.5 The Scientific Doctrine of Green Sustainability and Green Engineering 4 1.6 Scientific Vision and Scientific Doctrine of Nanotechnology 5 1.7 What Do You Mean by Advanced Materials? 5 1.8 The World of Advanced Materials Today 6 1.9 Recent Scientific Endeavour in the Field of Green Sustainability 6 1.10 The Challenges and Vision of Research Pursuit in Nanotechnology Today 10 1.11 Technological Vision and the Scientific Endeavour in Advanced Materials 11 1.12 The Vision of Energy and Environmental Sustainability 12 1.13 Global Water Shortage and the Challenges of Research and Development Initiatives 13 1.14 Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Remediation 14 1.15 Water Purification Technologies and the World of Environmental Sustainability 15 1.16 Future Frontiers and Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts 16 1.17 Future Research Trends in Sustainability and Nanotechnology Applications 16 1.18 Summary, Conclusion and Scientific Perspectives 17 References 17 2 Valorization of Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials from a Biomed Perspective – Potential Applications 19Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Abaid Ullah and Hafiz M. N. Iqbal 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Multi-Functional Characteristics of Green and Sustainable Materials – Smart Polymers 20 2.3 Biomedical Potentialities of Biopolymers and/or Biopolymers-Based Constructs 24 2.4 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles – Biomedical Applications 25 2.5 BioMOFs: Metal–Organic Frameworks 28 2.6 Bioinspired MOFs – Biomedical Application and Prospects 29 2.7 Drug Delivery Perspectives of MOFs 31 2.8 MOF in Enantioseparation of Drug Racemates 31 2.9 Porous Covalent Organic Cages as Bio-Inspired Materials 33 2.10 pH-Responsive Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications 34 2.11 Concluding Remarks 35 Conflict of Interest 38 Acknowledgements 38 References 38 3 Applications of Textile Materials Using Emerging Sources and Technology: A New Perspective 49Pintu Pandit, Saptarshi Maiti, Gayatri T.N. and Aranya Mallick 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Synthesis, Forms, Properties and Applications of Graphene 52 3.2.1 Structure and Forms of Graphene 52 3.2.2 Synthesis and Production Methods of Graphene 53 3.2.3 Properties of Graphene 54 3.2.4 Applications of Graphene 55 3.2.4.1 Application of Graphene in Energy Storage, Optoelectronics, and Photovoltaic Cell 55 3.2.4.2 Application of Graphene in Ultrafiltration and Bioengineering 57 3.2.4.3 Application of Graphene in Textile Materials and Composites 57 3.3 Essential Role for Nanomaterials in Textiles 59 3.3.1 Developing and Processing Nanoengineered Textiles 60 3.3.2 Nanofiber Application Driven by Function-of-Form Paradigm 63 3.4 Types, Synthesis and Application of Dendrimers 65 3.4.1 Types of Dendrimers 66 3.4.2 Synthesis of Dendrimers (Divergent and Convergent Method) 67 3.4.3 Application of Dendrimers in Chemical Processing of Textile Materials 68 3.4.4 Application of Dendrimers in Medical Textiles 69 3.4.5 Application of Dendrimers in Effluent Treatment 70 3.5 Application of Plasma Technology in Textile Materials 71 3.6 Synthesis and Applications of Biopolymer-Based Absorbents 74 3.7 Conclusion 77 References 78 4 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials: Applications and Environmental Issues 85Pooja Thakur, Kamal Kumar Bhardwaj and Reena Gupta 4.1 Introduction 86 4.2 NPs and Nanodevices 87 4.3 Types of NPs 88 4.3.1 Carbon Based NPs 89 4.3.1.1 Fullerenes 89 4.3.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes 90 4.3.1.3 Graphene Nanofoils 90 4.3.1.4 Carbon Nanofibres 91 4.3.1.5 Carbon Black 91 4.3.1.6 Carbon Nanofoams 92 4.3.2 Inorganic NPs 92 4.3.2.1 Metals 92 4.3.2.2 Metal Oxides 92 4.3.2.3 Quantum Dots 93 4.3.3 Organic NPs 94 4.3.3.1 Organic Polymers 94 4.3.3.2 Biologically Inspired NPs 94 4.4 Applications of NPs 94 4.4.1 Applications of Nanotechnology by Sectors of Activity 94 4.4.2 Nanotechnology Applications by NP Type 95 4.5 Environmental Impacts of Nanotechnology and its Products 95 4.5.1 Potential Environmental Effects 100 4.5.2 Fate of NPs in the Environment 101 4.5.3 Positive Effects on Environment 104 4.5.4 Negative Effects on Environment 105 4.6 Conclusion 106 Acknowledgements 106 Conflict of Interests 107 References 107 5 Chitosan in Water Purification Technology 111Ajith James Jose, Ann Mary Jacob, Manjusha K. C. and Jincymol Kappen 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Chitosan 112 5.3 Chitosan in Waste Water Treatment 115 5.3.1 Treatment of Agricultural Waste Water 115 5.3.2 Treatment of Textile Effluents 116 5.3.3 Household Drinking Water Treatment 117 5.4 Mechanism Behind the Waste Water Treatment by Chitosan 118 5.4.1 Removal of Heavy Metals 118 5.4.2 Removal of Bacteria 120 5.5 Conclusion 121 References 121 6 Green and Sustainable Advanced Materials – Environmental Applications 125Swapnil Sharma, Vivek Dave, Kanika Verma and Jaya Dwivedi 6.1 Introduction 125 6.2 Application of Advanced Green Sustainable Materials in Sensing and Removal of Water Toxicants 126 6.2.1 Materials Used for Sensing and Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metals from Water 126 6.2.1.1 Dyes 126 6.2.1.2 Heavy Metal 127 6.2.1.3 Removal of Heavy Metal and Dye from Naturally Derived Bio-Sorbents 134 6.2.2 Removal of Microbial Pathogen from Water 137 6.2.3 Removal of Radioactive Pollutants from Water 146 6.3 Removal of Contaminants from Air 147 6.4 Application of Sustainable Material in Soil Remediation 148 Acknowledgement 149 References 149 7 Green and Sustainable Copper-Based Nanomaterials – An Environmental Perspective 159Santosh Bahadur Singh 7.1 Introduction 160 7.2 Copper-Based Nanomaterials and its Sustainability 162 7.2.1 Metallic Copper Nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) 162 7.2.2 Copper Oxide (CuO)-Based NPs 163 7.2.3 Supported Copper Nanomaterials 164 7.2.4 Growth Mechanism of Copper Nanomaterials 165 7.3 Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Catalysis: As a Tool for Environmental Cleaning 165 7.4 Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Remediation 166 7.5 Environmental Perspective of Copper Nanomaterials 169 7.6 Concluding Remarks 170 References 170 8 An Excellence Method on Starch-Based Materials: A Promising Stage for Environmental Application 177Tanvir Arfin and Kamini Sonawane 8.1 History 177 8.2 Sources 178 8.2.1 Tubers or Roots 178 8.2.2 Corn 178 8.3 Physiochemical Properties 178 8.3.1 Characteristics of Starch Granules 178 8.3.2 Glass Transition Temperature and Birefringence 180 8.3.3 Solubility and Swelling Capacity 181 8.3.4 Retrogradation and Gelatinization 181 8.3.5 Thermal and Rheological Properties 181 8.4 Starch Gelatinization Measurement 182 8.5 Processing of Starch 182 8.5.1 Surface Hydrolysis 182 8.5.2 Native Digestion 183 8.5.3 Hydrothermal Modification 183 8.6 Thermoplastic Starch 184 8.7 Resistant Starch 184 8.8 Starch Nanocrystals 184 8.9 Ionic Liquid 185 8.10 Enzyme Selection 185 8.11 Packing Configuration 186 8.12 Chemical Modification 186 8.12.1 Cross-Linking 188 8.12.2 Starch-Graft Copolymer 188 8.12.2.1 Graft with Vinyl Monomers 189 8.12.2.2 Graft with other Monomers 189 8.12.3 Esterification 190 8.12.3.1 Inorganic Starch Esters 190 8.12.3.2 Organic Starch Esters 190 8.12.4 Etherification 190 8.12.5 Dual Modification 191 8.12.6 Other Chemical Modification 191 8.12.6.1 Oxidation 192 8.12.6.2 Acid Modification 192 8.13 Starch-Based Materials 194 8.13.1 PLA Starch 194 8.13.2 Starch Alginate 194 8.13.3 PCL Starch 194 8.13.4 Chitosan Starch 195 8.13.5 Starch Clay 195 8.13.6 Starch and DMAEMA 196 8.13.7 Plasticized Starch(PLS)/Poly(Butylene Succinate Co-Butylene Adipate (PBSA) 196 8.13.8 Gelatin–OSA Starch 197 8.13.9 Chitin and Starch 197 8.13.10 Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) and Chitosan 197 8.14 Applications 198 8.14.1 Wound Dressing 198 8.14.2 Biomedical 198 8.14.3 Nanomaterial 199 8.14.4 Cancer 199 8.14.5 Starch Film 200 8.14.6 Gene Delivery 200 8.14.7 Transdermal Delivery 200 8.14.8 Resistive Switch Memory 201 8.14.9 Oral Drug Delivery 201 8.14.10 Waste Water Treatment 202 8.14.11 Heavy Metal Removal 202 8.14.12 Dry Removal 204 Acknowledgement 205 References 205 9 Synthesized Cu2Zn1-xCdxSnS4 Quinternary Alloys Nanostructures for Optoelectronic Applications 209Y. Al-Douri and A. S. Ibraheam 9.1 Introduction 210 9.2 Experimental Process 211 9.3 Results and Discussion 213 9.4 Conclusions 219 References 221 10 Biochar Supercapacitors: Recent Developments in the Materials and Methods 223S. Vivekanandhan 10.1 Introduction 224 10.1.1 Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar 224 10.1.2 Traditional Uses of Biochar 225 10.1.2.1 Combustible Fuel 225 10.1.2.2 Soil Amendment 226 10.1.2.3 Carbon Sequestration 226 10.1.3 Biochar in Sustainable Bioeconomy 227 10.1.4 Value Added Utilization of Biochar 228 10.1.4.1 Catalysis 228 10.1.4.2 Polymer Composites 229 10.1.4.3 Environmental Remediation 229 10.1.4.4 Energy Storage and Conversion 230 10.2 Biochar Supercapacitors 230 10.2.1 Biochar Based Supercapacitor 231 10.2.1.1 Agricultural Residues 231 10.2.1.2 Industrial Crops 231 10.2.1.3 Industrial Co- Products and By-Products 232 10.2.1.4 Wood Biomasses 233 10.2.2 Capacitive Mechanism for Biochar 235 10.3 Biochar Modification Techniques for Capacitive Applications 237 10.3.1 Activation 237 10.3.1.1 Physical Techniques 237 10.3.1.2 Chemical Techniques 238 10.3.2 Metal, Metal Oxide and Metal Hydroxide Loading 239 10.3.3 Nitrogen and Sulphur Doping 240 10.4 Biochar Based Composite Materials for Supercapacitors Application 242 10.5 Conclusions 243 Acknowledgements 244 References 244 11 Nature and Technoenergy 251Smita Kapoor, Akshita Mehta and Reena Gupta 11.1 Introduction 251 11.2 Concept of Sustainability 253 11.3 Materials Science and Energy 254 11.4 Green and Advanced Materials 256 11.5 Emerging Natural and Nature-Inspired Materials 261 11.6 Substrates and Encapsulates for Biodegradable and Biocompatible Electronics 262 11.7 Semi-Natural/Semi-Synthetic Substrates: Paper 262 11.8 Applications of Advanced Materials for Energy Applications 267 11.8.1 Optical Materials for Energy Applications 267 11.8.2 Lithium Ion Batteries 269 11.8.3 Polymer Solar Cells 270 11.8.4 Nanomaterials for Energy Application 272 11.8.5 Electrochemical Capacitor 273 11.8.6 Polymer Sulfur Composite Cathode Material 273 11.9 Conclusion 274 References 274 12 Biomedical Applications of Synthetic and Natural Biodegradable Polymers 281Manpreet Kaur, Akshita Mehta and Reena Gupta 12.1 Introduction 282 12.2 Desired Properties of Polymers for Biomedical Applications 285 12.2.1 Super Hydrophobicity 285 12.2.2 Adhesion 286 12.2.3 Self-Healing 286 12.3 Natural Polymers 286 12.3.1 Collagen as a Biopolymer 287 12.3.2 Applications of Collagen 289 12.3.2.1 Collagen in Ophthalmology 289 12.3.2.2 Collagen in Wound and Burn Dressing 294 12.3.2.3 Collagen in Tissue Engineering 295 12.3.3 Chitin and Chitosan as Biopolymers 297 12.3.4 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan 298 12.3.4.1 Chitosan in Ophthalmology 298 12.3.4.2 Chitin- and Chitosan-Based Dressings 298 12.3.4.3 Chitosan in Drug-Delivery Systems 299 12.4 Synthetic Polymers 301 12.4.1 Polyolefins 301 12.4.2 Poly (Tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) 301 12.4.3 Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) 301 12.4.4 Silicone 302 12.4.5 Methacrylates 302 12.4.6 Polyesters 303 12.4.7 Polyethers 303 12.4.8 Polyamides 303 12.4.9 Polyurethanes 304 12.5 Conclusion 305 Acknowledgements 305 Conflicts of Interests 305 References 305 13 Efficiency of Transition Metals at Nanoscale - as Heterogeneous Catalysts 311Heeralaxmi Jadon, Sushma Neeraj and Mohammad Kuddus 13.1 Introduction 312 13.2 Mechanism of Heterogeneous Catalyst 313 13.3 Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalyst 315 13.4 Transition Metals 316 13.4.1 Common Properties of Transition Metals 316 13.5 Individual Properties of Different Transition Metals 319 13.5.1 Scandium (Sc) 319 13.5.2 Titanium (Ti) 320 13.5.3 Vanadium (V) 320 13.5.4 Chromium (Cr) 320 13.5.5 Manganese (Mn) 320 13.5.6 Iron (Fe) 320 13.5.7 Cobalt (Co) 321 13.5.8 Nickel (Ni) 321 13.5.9 Copper (Cu) 321 13.5.10 Zinc (Zn) 321 13.5.11 Yttrium (Y) 322 13.5.12 Zirconium (Zr) 322 13.5.13 Niobium (Nb) 322 13.5.14 Molybdenum (Mo) 323 13.5.15 Technetium (Tc) 323 13.5.16 Rhodium (Rh) 323 13.5.17 Palladium (Pd) 323 13.5.18 Silver (Ag) 324 13.5.19 Cadmium (Cd) 324 13.5.20 Lanthanum (La) 324 13.5.21 Hafnium (Hf) 325 13.5.22 Tantalum (Ta) 325 13.5.23 Tungsten (W) 325 13.5.24 Rhenium (Re) 325 13.5.25 Osmium (Os) 326 13.5.26 Iridium (Ir) 326 13.5.27 Platinum (Pt) 326 13.5.28 Gold (Au) 326 13.5.29 Mercury (Hg) 327 13.5.30 Actinium (Ac) 327 13.5.31 Rutherfordium (Rf) 327 13.5.32 Dubnium (Db) 327 13.5.33 Seaborgium (Sg) 327 13.5.34 Bohrium (Bh) 328 13.5.35 Hassium (Hs) 328 13.5.36 Meitnerium (Mt) 328 13.5.37 Roentgenium (Rg) 328 13.5.38 Copernicium (Cn) 329 13.6 Ability of Transitional Metals for Good Catalysts 329 13.7 Advantages of Catalyst at Nanoscale 330 13.8 Conclusion 337 References 337 14 Applications of Nanomaterials in Agriculture and Food Industry 343Ashitha Jose and Radhakrishnan E.K 14.1 Introduction 344 14.2 Nanotechnology and Agriculture 346 14.2.1 Precision Farming and Nanotechnology 348 14.2.2 Control Release Formulations 349 14.2.3 Nanoagrochemicals 349 14.2.4 Nanopesticides 352 14.2.5 Nanofungicides 353 14.2.6 Nanofertilizers 354 14.3 Nanotechnology in the Food Industry 357 14.3.1 Food Packaging 359 14.3.2 Biodegradable Packaging 361 14.3.3 Antimicrobial Packaging 361 14.3.4 Antimicrobial Sachets 366 14.3.5 Nanocomposites and Bioactive Compounds 366 14.3.6 Nanosensors 367 14.3.7 Detection of Microorganisms 368 14.3.8 Smart Packaging 368 14.4 Toxicity Concerns Involved with Nanotechnology 368 References 369 Index 377

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of Implant Restorations: A Step-by-Step Guide provides a wealth of updated and expanded coverage on detailed procedures for restoring dental implants. Focusing on the most common treatment scenarios, it offers concise literature reviews for each chapter and easy-to-follow descriptions of the techniques, along with high-quality clinical photographs demonstrating each step. Comprehensive throughout, this practical guide begins with introductory information on incorporating implant restorative dentistry in clinical practice. It covers diagnosis and treatment planning and digital dentistry, and addresses advances in cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT), treatment planning software, computer generated surgical guides, rapid prototype printing and impression-less implant restorative treatments, intra-oral scanning, laser sintering, and printing/milling polymer materials. Record-keeping, patient compliance, hygiene regimes, and follow-up are also covereTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction to Implant Dentistry 1 Introduction 1 Purpose of Textbook 1 Conventional Dentistry Versus Implant Dentistry 2 Predictability of Fixed Prosthodontics 2 Predictability of Implant Prosthodontics 3 Economics of Implant Dentistry 4 Prognostic Indicators for Teeth 5 Periodontal Disease 5 The Heavily Restored Tooth 6 The Furcation-Involved Tooth 8 The Periodontal Prosthesis Patient 9 Difficult Aesthetic Cases 10 Classification of Ridge Defects 12 Treatment Prognosis for the Dentition 15 Summary 18 Bibliography 18 2 Implants and Implant Restorative Components 21 Introduction 21 Implants 21 Implant/Abutment Connections 25 External Implant/Abutment Connections 25 Internal Implant/Abutment Connections 27 Healing Abutments 30 Conventional, Stock Healing Abutments 30 CAD/CAM Healing Abutments 32 Custom Healing Abutments 34 Impression Copings 35 Implant Impression Copings 35 Pickup Impression Copings (Open Tray) 36 Transfer Impression Copings (Closed Tray) 37 Low-Profile Conical Abutment Impression Copings 38 Scan Bodies 38 Abutments 39 Low-Profile Conical Abutments (LPCA) 40 LOCATOR Overdenture Abutments 41 Stock Abutments 42 UCLA Abutments 44 CAD/CAM Abutments 47 Milled Titanium 47 Milled Zirconia 50 Multiunit Abutments 54 Screws (Clinical) 54 Abutment/Retaining Screws 55 Preload Screw Mechanics 56 Cylinders 57 Definitive Cylinders 57 Interim Cylinders 57 Drivers and Placement Instruments 58 Drivers/Driver Tips 58 Laboratory Components 60 Implant Analogs/Replicas 61 Abutment Analogs/Replicas 62 Try-In Screws 63 Abutment Holders 63 Polishing Protectors 64 Bibliography 65 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Implant Restorative Dentistry 69 Patient Selection 69 Medical History 69 Diagnostic Procedures 70 Radiographs 70 CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) Scans 72 Scanning Appliances/Surgical Guides 74 Diagnostic Casts 75 Laboratory-Generated Surgical Guides 75 Physical Examination 78 Extraoral Examination 78 Intraoral Examination 78 Diagnostic Articulator Mounting 79 Diagnostic Wax Patterns 79 Implant Bone Volume 80 Implant Restorative Volume 83 Treatment Planning 85 Edentulous Patients 86 Overdentures 87 Restorative Volume 87 Fixed Implant-Retained, Full-Arch Prostheses-Edentulous Jaws 89 Milled Titanium Frameworks 92 Milled Zirconia Frameworks 94 High-Performance Polymers (HPP) 95 Crown-and-Bridge Type Prostheses 95 Partially Edentulous Patients 96 Screw-Retained Restorations 96 Treatment Goals 96 Benefits 96 Limitations 97 Cement-Retained Restorations 98 Benefits 98 Limitations 99 Angled Screw Channel Abutments 99 Peri-Implant Disease 99 Implant Loading Protocols 101 Unloaded Healing, Two-Stage Surgical Protocol 101 Unloaded Healing, Single-Stage Surgical Protocol 102 Early Loading 102 Immediate Occlusal Loading 103 Immediate Non-Occlusal Loading 103 Patient Consultation 104 Principles of Treatment Planning 104 Informed Consent 104 Summary 105 Bibliography 105 4 Treatment of Edentulous Mandibular Patients: (1) Implant-Retained Framework Overdenture and Resilient Attachments; (2) Resilient Attachments and Two Interforaminal Implants 111 Literature Review 111 Clinical Case Presentation Mandibular Implant-Supported Overdenture with CAD/CAM Framework and Resilient Attachments 117 Clinical Case Presentation Implant-Supported Overdenture with Resilient Attachments and Two Interforaminal Implants 142 Bibliography 156 5 Replacement of Single Teeth with CAD/CAM Implant Restorations: Implant-Level Impressions, Intraoral Scanning, Cement and Screw-Retained Crowns 159 Literature Review 159 Replacement of Individual Teeth 159 Single-Unit Implant Restorations 161 Computer-Assisted Design/Computer-Assisted Machining (CAD/CAM) Healing Abutments/Scan Bodies 162 Intraoral Scanning 167 Models from Digital Impressions 169 Clinical Case Presentation Posterior, Cement-Retained Single-Implant Restoration 170 Clinical Case Presentation Anterior, Screw-Retained Single-Implant Restoration (Angled Screw Channel) 185 Bibliography 197 6 Fixed Dental Prostheses: Retreatment of a Patient with a Fractured Implant-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis; CAD/CAM Abutments and a Cement-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis; Intraoral Scanning and Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Atlantis™ Bridge Patient-Specific Suprastructures) 199 Literature Review 199 Clinical Case Presentation Implant-Level Impression/Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis 204 Clinical Case Presentation Intraoral Scanning/Screw-Retained Fixed Dental Prosthesis (Atlantis™ Bridge Patient-Specific Suprastructure) 219 Bibliography 235 7 Accelerated Treatment Protocol of a Patient with Edentulous Jaws and CAD/CAM Titanium Framework/Fixed Hybrid Prostheses 237 Literature Review 237 Original Treatment Protocol 239 Accelerated Treatment Protocol 242 Clinical Case Presentation Four Months Post Implant Placement and Immediate Occlusal Loading 243 Bibliography 275 8 Treatment of Edentulous Patients with Immediate Occlusal Loading: Conventional Surgical and Computer-Generated Surgical Guides 279 Literature Review 279 Introduction 279 The Preosseointegration Era 280 The Osseointegration Era 281 Immediate Occlusal Loading in the Edentulous Mandible 282 Immediate Occlusal Loading in Edentulous Maxillae 285 Clinical Case Presentation Mandibular Immediate Occlusal Loading with Clinical Conversion of Mandibular Immediate Denture 286 Clinical Case Presentation Maxillary Immediate Occlusal Loading Using Computer-Generated Surgical Guide with Clinical Conversion of Maxillary Immediate Denture 312 Bibliography 324 9 Treatment of Edentulous Patients with Immediate Occlusal Loading: Conventional Surgical/Prosthetic Protocols 327 Literature Review 327 Immediate Occlusal Loading 327 Computer-Guided Surgery 328 Clinical Case Presentation Conventional Surgical and Restorative Protocols 332 Bibliography 367 10 Treatment of Partially Edentulous Patients with Immediate Non-Occlusal Loading Protocols (Intraoral Scanning, CAD/CAM Abutment, and Definitive Maxillary Central Incisor Restoration; Co-Axis Implant and Restoration) 371 Literature Review 371 Clinical Case Presentation INOL Protocol and Intraoral Scanning 375 Clinical Case Presentation INOL Protocol with Co-Axis Implant 396 Bibliography 408 11 Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Surgery/Immediate Occlusal Loading with Full-Arch Prostheses in Edentulous Patients 411 Literature Review 411 Immediate Occlusal Loading 411 Tilted Implants 412 Diagnostic Imaging 413 Computed Tomography (CT) 415 Interactive Computed Tomography (ICT) 417 Interactive Computer Software 418 Computer-Guided Surgery 418 Overview of CT Guided Surgical and Prosthetic Protocols 419 Surgical Guides 419 Master Tubes 419 Prosthetic Laboratory Kit-Implant Analog Mounts 420 Surgical Kit Components 420 Fabrication of Master Cast for Immediate, Fixed Provisional Prosthesis 421 Abutment Selection for Fixed, Screw-Retained Provisional Prostheses 422 Fabrication of a Screw-Retained Provisional Prosthesis 424 Clinical Patient Presentation Ill-Fitting Maxillary Denture; Mandibular Implant-Supported Overdenture 425 Clinical Patient Presentation Maxillary and Mandibular Terminal Dentitions; Computer-Guided Surgery with Metal Surgical Guides 448 Bibliography 463 12 Guidelines and Maintenance Procedures for Fixed, Full-Arch, Implant-Retained Prostheses 465 Introduction 465 Full-Arch Hybrid Prostheses 465 Historical Perspectives 466 Original Protocol 466 Immediate Occlusal Loading for Full-Arch Prostheses 466 Clinical Complications 467 Mechanical 467 Biologic: Peri-Implant Mucositis/Peri-Implantitis 470 Treatment (Peri-Implant Mucositis) 472 Treatment (Peri-Implantitis) 473 Innovations in Full-Arch Designs 475 Prosthesis Design/Materials 476 Hygiene/Maintenance Protocol for Immediately Loaded Full-Arch Prostheses 477 Hygiene/Maintenance Protocol for Definitive Full-Arch Prostheses 478 At-Home Hygiene 478 Plaque Control–Dentifrice 478 Plaque Control–Mechanical 478 Recall Appointments 479 Recall Interval/Schedule 479 Examination 480 Radiographs 481 Professional Maintenance 485 Prosthesis Removal 487 Cleaning the Removed Prosthesis 488 Conclusions 488 Bibliography 488 Index 493

Read more less

Book SynopsisClinical Guide to Paediatrics enables rapid reference to the common paediatric conditions, symptoms, and practical concerns seen in day-to-day practice. Focused on making differential diagnoses in acute settings, this comprehensive resource offers step-by-step guidance on clinical decision-making, investigations, and interventions. Junior doctors and medical students are provided with a clear and up-to-date evidence base supported by numerous diagnostic algorithms, diagrams, tables and bullet points throughout. Organised into systems-based sections, the guide covers paediatric history taking, examination techniques, pharmacology, safeguarding, and a range of different diagnoses for presenting complaints in cardiology, infection and immunology, neurology, gastroenterology, accidents, poisoning, and more. Succinct chapters are logically structured to allow easy access to important concepts, key clinical details, and plans of investigation. Designed to complement the doctor-patient intTable of ContentsList of Contributors vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ix About the Companion Website xiii How to Use This Book xv 1.1 Wheeze 1 1.2 Stridor 15 1.3 Difficulty in Breathing 27 2.1 Cyanosis 37 2.2 Circulatory Collapse 53 2.3 Syncope 67 2.4 Chest Pain 79 2.5 Palpitations 93 3.1 Fever 107 3.2 Fever in the Returning Traveller 131 3.3 Lymphadenopathy 151 4.1 Bruising 165 4.2 Pallor 181 5.1 Abdominal Pain 203 5.2 Abdominal Mass 221 5.3 Vomiting 239 5.4 Diarrhoea 253 5.5 Jaundice 265 5.6 Faltering Growth 279 6.1 Haematuria 293 6.2 Oedema 303 6.3 Scrotal Swelling 317 7.1 Hypoglycaemia 329 7.2 Hyperglycaemia 343 8.1 Headache 353 8.2 Suspected Seizures 371 8.3 Acute Hemiparesis 387 8.4 Acute Lower‐Limb Weakness 403 8.5 Delirium and Agitation 415 8.6 Decreased Level of Consciousness 427 8.7 Dizziness 441 9.1 Urticaria 451 9.2 Non‐blanching Rash 461 9.3 Other Childhood Rashes 473 10.1 Limp 489 10.2 Swollen Joint 503 11.1 Neonatal Jaundice 513 11.2 The Unsettled Baby 527 11.3 Breastfeeding Advice 537 12.1 The A to E Assessment 543 12.2 Assessment of Consciousness 549 12.3 Tips for Fluid Prescribing 551 12.4 Childhood Immunisations 557 12.5 Safeguarding 561 13.1 Sepsis Management 569 13.2 Anaphylaxis Management 571 13.3 Acute Asthma Management 575 13.4 Prolonged Seizure Management 577 13.5 Raised Intracranial Pressure Management 579 Guidelines 581 Index 591

Read more less

Book SynopsisPaediatrics Lecture Notes covers the core aspects of caring for children in clinical practice, offering concise yet detailed information on examination, emergency care, nutrition, immunisation, infant and adolescent health, and more. Designed for medical students and junior doctors alike, this compact and easy-to-use textbook guides readers through each essential aspect of paediatric care, from normal and abnormal childhood development, to cardiology, gastroenterology and metabolic disorders. Throughout the text, key points, practice questions, treatment guides, learning logs and self-assessment tests help prepare readers for paediatric rotations and clinical examinations. Now in its tenth edition, this classic textbook features new and updated information that reflects changes in practice and recent advances in child and adolescent health. Providing a clear and accessible overview of paediatrics, this invaluable single-volume resource: PreseTable of ContentsPaediatric Symptom Sorter OSCE stations Preface Acknowledgements Further reading How to use your textbook Part 1 Essentials of paediatrics 1 Children and their health 2 Parents and children: listening and talking 3 Examination of children 4 The clinical process 5 Emergency paediatrics Part 2 Normal and abnormal in childhood: growth development behaviour and prevention 6 Genetics 7 Fetal medicine 8 Birth and the newborn infant 9 Disorders of the newborn 10 Child development and how to assess it 11 Learning problems 12 Emotional and behavioural problems 13 Nutrition 14 Abnormal growth and sex development 15 Immunization and infections 16 Accidents and non-accidents 17 Adolescent health Part 3 Systems and specialities 18 Neurology 19 Ear nose and throat 20 Respiratory medicine 21 Cardiology 22 Gastroenterology 23 Urology 24 Bones and joints 25 Dermatology 26 Haematology 27 Neoplasia 28 Endocrine and metabolic disorders Part 4 After paediatrics 29 Preparing for clinical examinations in paediatrics and child health 30 Safe prescribing 31 Careers in paediatrics Self-test Extended matching questions Answers to extended matching questions Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisEssentials of MRI Safety is a comprehensive guide that enables practitioners to recognise and assess safety risks and follow appropriate and effective safety procedures in clinical practice. The text covers all the vital aspects of clinical MRI safety, including the bio-effects of MRI, magnet safety, occupational exposure, scanning passive and active implants, MRI suite design, institutional governance, and more. Complex equations and models are stripped back to present the foundations of theory and physics necessary to understand each topic, from the basic laws of magnetism to fringe field spatial gradient maps of common MRI scanners. Written by an internationally recognised MRI author, educator, and MRI safety expert, this important textbook: Reflects the most current research, guidelines, and MRI safety informationExplains procedures for scanning pregnant women, managing MRI noise exposure, and handling emergency situationsPrepares candidates for the American Board of MR Safety eTable of ContentsForeword ix Acknowledgments xi Chapter 1 Systems and safety: MR hardware and fields 1 Introduction 1 Overview of MRI operation 3 MRI hardware 10 Electromagnetic fields 16 Other medical devices 24 Conclusions 25 Chapter 2 Let’s get physical: fields and forces 27 Basic laws of magnetism 27 Magnetic materials 32 Forces and torque 39 Lorentz and hydrodynamic forces 50 Laws of induction 51 Conclusions 57 Chapter 3 Bio‐effects 1: static field 61 Introduction 61 Physical mechanisms 61 Cellular effects 67 Animal effects 69 Human physiological effects 70 Acute sensory effects 70 Epidemiology 70 Cognitive effects 74 Static field exposure limits 74 Conclusions 74 Chapter 4 Bio‐effects 2: time‐varying gradient fields 79 Introduction 79 Physical interaction 79 ELF time‐varying magnetic field effects 83 Magnetic stimulation 86 Peripheral nerve stimulation in MRI 96 Exposure limits 99 Conclusions 102 Chapter 5 Bio‐effects 3: radio‐frequency fields 107 Introduction 107 Physical interaction 107 Tissue heating 112 Biological effects 118 RF exposure limits 124 Controlling SAR in practice 127 Conclusions 132 Chapter 6 Acoustic noise 137 Introduction 137 Generation of acoustic noise in MRI 137 Measuring noise: dB(A), dB(C), dB(Z) 138 Anatomy and physiology of human hearing 143 MRI noise exposure 146 Reducing acoustic noise in practice 150 Hearing protection 151 Acoustic noise limits 155 Conclusions 158 Chapter 7 Pregnancy 161 Introduction 161 Cellular effects and animal studies 161 Human studies and epidemiology 162 Gadolinium‐based contrast agents 164 Exposure limits and guidance 166 Conclusions 169 Chapter 8 Contrast agents 173 Introduction 173 Physical and chemical properties 173 Contrast reactions and adverse events 180 Pregnancy and lactation 186 Conclusions 186 Chapter 9 Passive implants 191 Introduction 191 Risks from passive implants 191 ASTM testing 209 Examples of passive implants 214 Artefacts 218 Conclusions 221 Chapter 10 Active implants 227 Introduction 227 Risks from active implants 227 Pacemakers and ICDs 236 Neurostimulators 243 Cochlear implants 249 Endoscopic cameras 253 Implantable infusion pumps 253 Keeping within the conditions 255 Conclusions 257 Chapter 11 Would you scan this? Understanding the conditions 263 Introduction 263 MRI conditions 263 Understanding fringe field spatial gradient maps 265 Understanding RF conditions 275 Gradient slew rate condition 278 More examples 279 Off‐label scanning 281 What to do when you do not know the conditions? 281 Conclusions 285 Chapter 12 Location, location, location: suite design 289 Introduction 289 ACR zoning scheme 289 Fringe field 292 Helium exhaust and quench pipe 292 Security 296 Safety features 297 MRI project management 301 Specialist systems 302 Conclusions 303 Chapter 13 But what about us? Occupational exposure 307 Introduction 307 Occupational exposure limits 307 National and international limits 308 Surveys of occupational exposure levels 313 Survey instrumentation 317 Incidence of bio‐effects among magnet facility and MR workers 317 Conclusions 317 Chapter 14 Organisation and management 321 Introduction 321 Roles in MR safety 321 Policy and safety documentation 324 Checklist and screening 326 Incidents 328 Emergencies 329 Training 330 Accreditation and certification 331 Standards and guidance 333 Exposure limits 337 Conclusions: the last word 337 Appendix 1 One hundred equations you need to know 341 Maxwell’s equations 341 Magnetic field induction 342 Magnetic materials 345 Forces and torque 345 Forces on moving charges 350 Laws of induction 351 RF induction from the radiofrequency field 352 SAR and tissue heating 354 Appendix 2 Maths toolkit 357 Coordinate systems 357 Vector algebra 358 Vector calculus 360 Appendix 3 Symbols and constants 363 Answers to revision questions 367 Index 369

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides practical strategies for dentists to effectively and confidently communicate with many dental insurance issues, as well as with their patients and members of their staff. Providing real-world examples and sample letters, the book includes specific guidance on how to handle common communication scenarios to avoid being caught off-guard or unprepared. Leadership and Communication in Dentistrybegins with a unique section discussing communications with insurance companies, including negotiations, PPO contract issues, appeals letters, and more. It then includes chapters on communicating with patients, addressing how to listen to their concerns and motivate them, and staff, emphasizing how to be a better leader and institute office policies. The final section explores how dentists can use leadership and communication skills to improve their practice of dentistry. Provides concrete guidance on how dentists can confidently take the lead on conveTable of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments ix Section 1 Leadership and Success in Communication with Dental Insurance Companies 1 1 Understanding Insurance Companies 3 2 Insurance Negotiations 17 3 Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) Contractual Issues 23 4 Estimation of Benefits Problems 31 5 Appeals Letters 39 6 Leadership to Interface with Your Community 51 Section 2 Leadership, Communications, and Success for Your Practice 57 7 Listening 59 8 Patient Motivation 73 9 Leadership of Personnel 81 10 The Office Policy Manual 99 Section 3 Leadership, Communication, and Success for Your Self 119 11 Understanding Leadership 121 12 Your Self 133 Index 151

Read more less

Book SynopsisDental Trauma at a Glance The market-leading at a Glance series is popular among students and newly qualified practitioners for its concise and simple approach and excellent illustrations. Each bite-sized chapter is covered in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering a wide range of topics, books in the at a Glance series are ideal as introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision and are useful throughout university and beyond. Everything you need to know about Dental Trauma at a Glance! Written in a short and concise manner, Dental Trauma at a Glance is a practical reference that contains essential information on the safe and effective clinical management of acute adult dental trauma injuries. The book addresses the numerous types of adult dental injuries and contains guidance on how the correct identification and treatment of these injuries can be time sensitive. Filled with helpful illustrations and photographs, the text is formatted in a step-by-step manner for the reader to arrive at the correct diagnosis and the most up-to-date management for safe and optimum patientcare. Provides the most contemporary must-have information for the clinical management of acute adult dental traumaIts format is quick and easy to useOffers a highly illustrated text with quality clinical photographs to aid with learning and revisionProvides an understanding of traumatic adult dental injuries, their healing and an insight into their longer-term sequelaeA new addition to the popular at a Glance series, Dental Trauma at a Glance is an indispensable hands-on guide for dental students and general dental practitioners. Accompanied by a companion website at www.wiley.com/go/alani/dental_trauma featuring:Multiple-choice questions to aid learningAll figures from the book as downloadable PowerPoint slidesTable of ContentsForeword viii Preface ix About the companion website x 1 Risk factors for dental trauma 2 2 Prevention of dental trauma 4 3 Essential armamentarium 6 4 Examination of dental trauma 8 5 Infraction 10 6 Enamel fracture 12 7 Enamel–dentine fracture 14 8 Enamel–dentine–pulp fracture 16 9 Crown–root fracture 18 10 Crown–root fracture with pulp involvement 20 11 Root fracture 22 12 Alveolar process fracture 24 13 Concussion 26 14 Subluxation 28 15 Extrusive luxation 30 16 Intrusive luxation 32 17 Lateral luxation 34 18 Features of luxation injuries and principles of repositioning 36 19 Avulsion of a tooth with a closed apex 38 20 Principles of splinting 40 21 Post‐operative instructions 42 22 Follow‐up and splint removal 44 23 Indications for endodontic treatment 46 24 Sclerosis 48 25 Discolouration 50 26 Management of the immature root 52 27 Root resorption – external replacement 54 28 Root resorption – external cervical 56 29 Root resorption – internal inflammatory 58 30 Tooth replacement options 60 31 Autotransplantation 62 32 The role of orthodontics 64 Appendix A: Splinting times and follow up intervals for fracture and displacement injuries in the adult dentition 66 Appendix B: Management of dental trauma in the primary dentition 68 References 70 Index 74

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents step-by-step procedures for all techniques, materials, and methods associated with the use of complete dentures in dental practice. Written for dental students, dental general practitioners, and laboratory technicians, the book provides a practical approach to the complete denture patient. More than 800 photographs illustrate the text, making it easy to follow and apply in the practice or laboratory. Treating the Complete Denture Patient covers all topics related to complete dentures, from the initial appointment and impressions to insertion and troubleshooting. Chapters discuss the diagnostic appointment, covering the analyzing of and treatment planning for edentulous patients; the making of preliminary impressions for the beginning stages of treatment; custom trays for final impression appointments; and much more. Presents easy-to-use, clinically relevant information on all topics related to complete denturesCovers all the steps associated with providing complete dTable of ContentsForeword vii Acknowledgements ix About the Companion Website xi 1 The Diagnostic Appointment 1 2 Preliminary Impressions 5 3 Custom Trays: The Key to a Great Final Impression 17 4 Using Custom Trays to Make Final Impressions 25 5 The Final Impression 41 6 Boxing and Pouring a Final Impression 47 7 Base Plates and Occlusion Rims 51 8 Adjusting Wax Rims to Fit the Patient 57 9 Using the Denar Facebow 59 10 Mounting Maxillary Casts on an Articulator 63 11 Centric Relation Records 67 12 Selecting Proper Denture Teeth 73 13 Setting Anterior Denture Teeth 81 14 Setting Posterior Anatomic Teeth in Bilaterally Balanced Occlusion 85 15 Setting Zero‐Degree Posterior Teeth in Monoplane Occlusion 93 16 Overview of Lingualized Occlusion 99 17 Setting Teeth in a Lingualized Occlusion 105 18 The Anterior Esthetic Wax Try-In 111 19 The Complete Denture Wax-Up 115 20 Sealing Complete Dentures to the Cast 121 21 The Wax Try-in of Teeth 123 22 Making an Arbitrary Posterior Palatal Seal in the Lab 135 23 Interacting with Dental Labs 137 24 Flasking, Packing, and Processing Complete Dentures 139 25 Completing a Laboratory Remount 151 26 Making a Remount Index 155 27 Remove Complete Denture from the Cast and Finish 159 28 Quality Standards in Appearance 165 29 Inserting Complete Dentures in the Mouth 169 30 Performing a Clinical Remount 175 31 Equilibrating Dentures Set in Lingualized Occlusion 187 32 Equilibrating Fully Anatomic (30°) Set‐Ups 191 33 Equilibrating Complete Dentures Set in a Monoplane Occlusion 197 34 Troubleshooting Complete Denture Problems 199 35 Replacing Teeth on a Complete Denture 215 36 Repairing a Broken Complete Denture 219 37 Using Implants to Stabilize a Complete Denture 229 38 Immediate Complete Dentures 239 39 Tissue Conditioners 253 40 The Fabrication of Digital Complete Dentures 263 List of Captions 271 Index 293

Read more less

Book SynopsisCombines the basic sciences and principles of dentoalveolar extractions with basic and advanced surgical techniques Principles of Dentoalveolar Extractions is a comprehensive, technical text covering the basic sciences and principles of dentoalveolar extractions, exploring both the basic surgical techniques and advanced surgical practices. Highly illustrated with colour photographs throughout, this text discusses the procedures, pitfalls, and practicalities of exodontia. It highlights the most common surgical principles encountered in clinical practice, the range of surgical instruments available, and how to manage the potential complications associated with extraction procedures. This important text: Focuses solely on dentoalveolar extractions and surgeryContains full colour photographs and detailed illustrations to aid learningOffers a technical walk-through guide that can be used as a reference prior to surgeryIncludes a Preface written by Professor Andrew A. C. Heggie, AM WrittTable of ContentsForeword ix About the Companion Website xi 1 Principles of Surgery 1 1.1 Wound Healing 2 1.1.1 Haemostasis 2 1.1.2 Inflammatory Phase 4 1.1.3 Proliferative Phase 4 1.1.4 Remodelling and Resolution 4 1.2 Patient Assessment 4 1.3 Radiographic Assessment 5 1.4 Informed Consent 7 1.5 Anaesthesia 7 1.6 Preparation of Equipment 9 1.7 The Surgeon’s Preoperative Checklist 10 1.8 Operative Note 12 2 Local Anaesthesia 15 2.1 Principles of Anaesthesia 16 2.2 Mechanism of Action 16 2.3 Common Local Anaesthetic Preparations 18 2.4 Side Effects and Toxicity 19 2.4.1 Local Risks 19 2.4.2 Systemic Risks 19 2.5 Basic Oral Anaesthesia Techniques 19 2.5.1 Buccal Infiltration Anaesthetic 20 2.5.2 Mandibular Teeth 21 2.5.2.1 Conventional ‘Open-Mouth’ Technique 22 2.5.2.2 Akinosi ‘Closed-Mouth’ Technique 23 2.5.2.3 Gow–Gates Technique 23 2.5.2.4 Mandibular Long Buccal Block 24 2.5.2.5 Mental Nerve Block 25 2.5.3 Maxillary Teeth 26 2.5.3.1 Greater Palatine Block 27 2.5.3.2 Palatal Infiltration 28 2.5.3.3 Nasopalatine Nerve Block 29 2.5.3.4 Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block 29 2.6 Adjunct Methods of Local Anaesthesia 30 2.6.1 Intraligamentary Injection 30 2.6.2 Intrapulpal Injection 31 2.7 Troubleshooting 32 3 Basic Surgical Instruments 35 3.1 Retractors 35 3.2 Elevators, Luxators, and Periotomes 37 3.3 Dental Extraction Forceps 40 3.4 Ancillary Soft Tissue Instruments 44 3.5 Suturing Instruments 47 3.6 Surgical Suction 49 3.7 Surgical Handpiece and Bur 50 3.8 Surgical Irrigation Systems 51 3.9 Mouth Props 53 4 Simple Extraction Techniques 55 4.1 Maxillary Incisors 55 4.2 Maxillary Canines 57 4.3 Maxillary Premolars 58 4.4 Maxillary First and Second Molars 59 4.5 Mandibular Incisors 61 4.6 Mandibular Canines and Premolars 62 4.7 Mandibular Molars 64 5 Surgical Extraction Techniques 67 5.1 General Principles of Surgical Extraction 68 5.2 Practical Aspects of Surgical Extraction 69 5.3 Common Soft Tissue Flaps for Dental Extraction 70 5.4 Bone Removal 73 5.5 Tooth Sectioning 74 5.6 Cleanup and Closure 75 6 Intraoperative Complications 79 6.1 Lip Burns and Lacerations 79 6.2 Damage to Adjacent Teeth or Restorations 80 6.3 Mandible Fracture 81 6.4 Tooth Aspiration or Ingestion 81 6.5 Instrument Fracture 82 6.6 Intraoperative Bleeding 82 6.7 Oroantral Communication 83 6.8 Dentoalveolar Fracture 84 7 Third Molar Surgery 87 7.1 Treatment Planning of Impacted Third Molars 87 7.2 Difficulty Assessment and Preoperative Workup 89 7.3 Radiographic Assessment of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Risk 91 7.4 Surgical Approach to Third Molars 91 7.4.1 Maxillary Third Molars 91 7.4.1.1 Erupted 91 7.4.1.2 Unerupted/Partially Erupted 92 7.4.2 Mandibular Third Molars 93 7.4.2.1 Mesioangular 93 7.4.2.2 Distoangular/Vertical 93 7.4.2.3 Horizontal 95 7.4.2.4 Full Bony Impaction (Early Root Development) 99 7.4.2.5 Buccolingual/Other Impactions 99 8 Management of the Medically Compromised Patient 101 8.1 Ischaemic Cardiovascular Disease 102 8.2 Patients with a History of Infective Endocarditis 102 8.3 Hypertension 103 8.4 Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws 103 8.5 Diabetes Mellitus 107 8.6 Increased Bleeding Risk 108 8.6.1 Bleeding Diatheses 108 8.6.2 Medications 109 8.6.2.1 Management of Antiplatelet Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery 110 8.6.2.2 Management of Patients Taking Warfarin Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery 110 8.6.2.3 Management of Patients Taking Direct Anticoagulant Agents Prior to Dentoalveolar Surgery 110 8.7 Adrenal Suppression 110 8.8 The Irradiated Patient 112 8.8.1 Management of the Patient with a History of Head and Neck Radiotherapy 113 8.9 Hepatic or Renal Impairment 113 8.10 Pregnancy and Lactation 114 9 Postoperative Care and Late Complications 115 9.1 Immediate Postoperative Period 115 9.2 Postoperative Instructions 116 9.3 Postoperative Medications 116 9.4 24-Hour On-Call Service and Tertiary Hospital Referral 117 9.5 Management of Late Complications 117 9.5.1 Alveolar Osteitis 117 9.5.2 Acute Facial Abscess 118 9.5.3 Postoperative Haemorrhage 119 9.5.4 Temporomandibular Joint Disorder 119 9.5.5 Epulis Granulomatosa 120 9.5.6 Nerve Injury 121 Appendix A Special Cases: Common Indications for Surgical Extraction 123 Appendix B Extraction of Deciduous Teeth 127 Bibliography 133 Index 135

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis thoroughly revised Thirteenth Edition of Burket''s Oral Medicine reflects the scope of modern Oral Medicine with updated content written by 80 contributing oral medicine and medical experts from across the globe. The textemphasizes the diagnosis and management of diseases of the mouth and maxillofacial region as well as safe dental management for patients with complex medical disorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, infectious diseases, bleeding disorders, renal diseases, and many more. In addition to comprehensively expanded chapters on oral mucosal diseases, including those on ulcers, blisters, red, white and pigmented lesions, readers will also find detailed discussions on: orofacial pain, temporomandibular disorders, headache and salivary gland disease; oral and oropharyngeal cancers, including the management of oral complications of cancer therapy; genetics, laboratory medicine and transplantation medicine; Table of ContentsPreface ix List of Contributors xi 1 Introduction to Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis: Patient Evaluation 1Michael Glick, Martin S. Greenberg, Peter B. Lockhart, and Stephen J. Challacombe 2 Overview of Clinical Research 19Dena J. Fischer, Darien Weatherspoon, and Mary A. Cutting 3 Ulcerative, Vesicular, and Bullous Lesions 35Sook Bin Woo, Jane F. Setterfield, and Martin S. Greenberg 4 Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa 85Ivan Alajbeg, Stephen J. Challacombe, Palle Holmstrup, and Mats Jontell 5 Pigmented Lesions of the Oral Mucosa 139Alfredo Aguirre, Faizan Alawi, and Jose Luis Tapia 6 Benign Lesions of the Oral Cavity and the Jaws 171A. Ross Kerr and Denise A. Trochesset 7 Head and Neck Cancer 211Amber L. Watters, Heidi J. Hansen, Ashish A. Patel, and Joel Epstein 8 Oral Complications of Nonsurgical Cancer Therapies 259Siri Beier Jensen and Douglas E. Peterson 9 Salivary Gland Diseases 281Leah M. Bowers, Arjan Vissink, and Michael T. Brennan 10 Temporomandibular Disorders 349Richard Ohrbach, Thomas Sollecito, Temitope Omolehinwa, and Martin S. Greenberg 11 Neuropathic Orofacial Pain 419Olga A. Korczeniewska, Katherine France, Junad Khan, Martin S. Greenberg, Rafael Benoliel, and Eliav Eli 12 Common Headache Disorders 453Pei Feng Lim, Scott De Rossi, and Massimiliano Di Giosia 13 Diseases of the Respiratory Tract 469Lyvia Y. Leigh, Patrick Vannelli, Heidi C. Crow, Sandhya Desai, Mark Lepore, Robert Anolik, and Michael Glick 14 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 505Peter B. Lockhart and Yee-Ping Sun 15 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract 553Jeremy Sanderson and Michael P. Escudier 16 Renal Diseases 579Karo Parsegian, Ruchir Trivedi, and Effie Ioannidou 17 Hematologic Diseases 627Vidya Sankar and Alessandro Villa 18 Bleeding and Clotting Disorders 665Joel J. Napeñas and Lauren L. Patton 19 Immunologic Diseases 705Vasileios Ionas Theofilou, Joanne Konkel, Nikolaos G. Nikitakis, and Niki M. Moutsopoulos 20 Transplantation Medicine 745Sharon Elad, Marie Laryea, and Noam Yarom 21 Infectious Diseases 785Michael J. Durkin, Noha Seoudi, and Raj Nair 22 Disorders of the Endocrine System and of Metabolism 817Mark Schifter, Mark McLean, and Suma Sukumar 23 Neurologic Diseases 903Eric T. Stoopler and Michael L. McGarvey 24 Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Oral Health 933J. Tim Newton and Beth J. Guildford 25 Pediatric Oral Medicine 943Catherine Hong and Christel M. Haberland 26 Geriatric Oral Medicine 991Katharine Ciarrocca and Christine Downey 27 The Role of Genetics in Oral Medicine 1009Olga A. Korczeniewska, Thomas C. Hart, and Scott R. Diehl 28 Laboratory Medicine and Diagnostic Pathology 1037Brian C. Muzyka, John Christie, and Bobby Collins 29 How to Identify, Interpret and Apply the Scientific Literature to Practice 1059Alonso Carrasco-Labra, Malavika Tampi, Olivia Urquhart, Scott Howell, Austin Booth, and Michael Glick Index 1080

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry Learn to treat dental patients with disabilities or who are medically compromised A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry delivers a comprehensive and robust overview of special care dentistry reflecting the most common compromised clinical conditions dentists will regularly encounter. It discusses more than 50 topics based on real-world clinical cases focusing on two main areas: patients with disabilities and medically compromised patients. The book uses a problem-based learning approach and helps the reader to apply knowledge in a clinical case context. Each chapter contains a case report establishing the main risk factors relating to the provision of dental treatment. That is followed by a practical and realistic set of adaptations for the reader to follow to minimise the rate and severity of potential complications for their patient. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to patientswith disabilities, includingTrade Review"In summary, A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry is an outstanding resource for those who dedicate their time to learn about and treat the growing population of persons with special care needs." - Leo Marchini, Oral Diseases, June 2022Table of ContentsAbout the Authors ix List of Contributors x Preface xiii 1 Physical Disability 1 1.1 Cerebral Palsy 1 1.2 Epilepsy 8 1.3 Muscular Dystrophy 17 2 Cognitive Impairment 24 2.1 Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 24 2.2 Autism Spectrum Disorders 31 2.3 Down Syndrome 38 3 Sensory Impairment 47 3.1 Visual Deficit 47 3.2 Auditory Deficit 54 4 Infectious Diseases 61 4.1 Tuberculosis 61 4.2 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection/AIDS 68 4.3 Viral Hepatitis 77 5 Endocrine Diseases 85 5.1 Diabetes Mellitus 85 5.2 Hypothyroidism 94 5.3 Hyperthyroidism 101 6 Hepatorenal Diseases 108 6.1 Hepatic Cirrhosis 108 6.2 Chronic Kidney Disease (Dialysis) 115 7 Bone Diseases 125 7.1 Osteoporosis 125 7.2 Paget Disease 132 7.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis 137 8 Cardiovascular Diseases 146 8.1 Arterial Hypertension 146 8.2 Angina Pectoris 156 8.3 History of Myocardial Infarction 164 8.4 Carrier of Coronary Pacemaker 172 8.5 Carrier of Valvular Prosthesis 181 8.6 Carrier of Coronary Stent 190 9 Respiratory Disease 196 9.1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 196 9.2 Asthma 205 10 Bleeding Disorders 216 10.1 Haemophilia 216 10.2 Treatment with Heparin 229 10.3 Treatment with Warfarin (Acenocoumarol) 238 10.4 Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants 247 10.5 Treatment with Antiplatelets 254 11 Blood Dyscrasias 263 11.1 Thalassaemia 263 11.2 Sickle Cell Anaemia 271 11.3 Neutropenia 279 11.4 Thrombocytopenia 286 11.5 Leukaemias 293 11.6 Lymphoma 304 11.7 Bone Marrow Transplantation 314 12 Immunosuppression 323 12.1 Systemic Corticosteroids 323 12.2 Antineoplastic Agents (Chemotherapy) 332 12.3 Immunosuppressants (Solid Organ Transplantation) 346 13 Head and Neck Cancer 358 13.1 Surgery 358 13.2 Radiation Therapy 366 13.3 Oral Cancer Survivor 374 14 Neurological Disorders and Strokes 382 14.1 Alzheimer Disease 382 14.2 Parkinson Disease 391 14.3 Multiple Sclerosis 400 14.4 Motor Neuron Disease 409 14.5 Stroke 418 15 Psychiatric Disorders 428 15.1 Anxiety and Phobia 428 15.2 Depression 439 15.3 Schizophrenia 448 15.4 Recreational Drug Use 457 15.5 Alcoholism 468 16 Other Special Considerations 477 16.1 Allergies 477 16.2 Antiresorptive and Antiangiogenic Drugs 486 16.3 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding 497 16.4 Bariatric Patients 504 16.5 Homelessness 513 16.6 End of Life 521 Appendix 529 Appendix A Case Mix Model 529 Appendix B Common Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 530 Appendix C American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification System 533 Appendix D Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 534 Appendix E WHO Three- step Ladder for Pain Relief 535 Appendix F Medical Conditions Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 536 Appendix G Classes of Drugs Associated with Increased Bleeding Risk 537 Appendix H Bleeding Risk Associated with Dental Procedures 538 Appendix I Topical Haemostatic Agents for Invasive Dental Procedures 539 Index 541

Read more less

Book Synopsis Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Imaging provides in-depth guidance Table of ContentsList of Contributors x Preface xvii 1 Introduction to Correlative Imaging: What Radiologists and Nuclear Medicine Physicians Should Know on Hybrid Imaging 1 Prathamesh V. Joshi, Alok Pawaskar, and Sandip Basu 2 Basic Principles of Hybrid Imaging 30 Leda Lorenzon, M. Bonelli, A. Fracchetti, and P. Ferrari 3 Cross-sectional Correlate for Integrative Imaging (Anatomical Radiology) 52 Antonio Jesús Láinez Ramos-Bossini, Ángela Salmerón-Ruiz, José Pablo Martínez Barbero, José Pablo Martín Molina, José Luis Martín Rodríguez, Genaro López Milena, and Fernando Ruiz Santiago 4 Radiopharmaceuticals 133 Ferdinando Calabria, Mario Leporace, Rosanna Tavolaro, and Antonio Bagnato 5 Diseases of the Central Nervous System 163 Hiroshi Matsuda, Eku Shimosegawa, Yoko Shigemoto, Noriko Sato, Hiroyuki Fujii, Fumio Suzuki, Yukio Kimura, and Atsuhiko Sugiyama 6 PET Imaging in Gliomas: Clinical Principles and Synergies with MRI 194 Riccardo Laudicella, C. Mantarro, B. Catalfamo, P. Alongi, M. Gaeta, F. Minutoli, S. Baldari, and Sotirios Bisdas 7 Diseases of the Head and Neck 219 Florian Dammann and Jan Wartenberg 8 The Role of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging in the Management of Diseases of the Cardiovascular System 257 Ahmed Aljizeeri and Mouaz H. Al-Mallah 9 Vascular System 285 Ahmad Shariftabrizi, Khalid Balawi, and Janet H. Pollard 10 Diseases of the Pulmonary System 308 Murat Fani Bozkurt and Bilge Volkan-Salanci 11 Thoracic Malignancies 333 Sanaz Katal, Thomas G. Clifford, Kanhaiyalal Agrawal, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad 12 A Correlative Approach to Breast Imaging 351 Shabnam Mortazavi, Sonya Khan, Kathleen Ruchalski, Cory Daignault, and Jerry W. Froelich 13 Correlative Imaging of Benign Gastrointestinal Disorders 383 Mariano Grosso, Michela Gabelloni, Emanuele Neri, and Giuliano Mariani 14 Gastrointestinal Malignancies 407 Janet H. Pollard, Paul A. DiCamillo, Ayca Dundar, Sarah L. Averill, and Yashant Aswani 15 Hepatobiliary Imaging 456 Janet H. Pollard 16 Correlative Imaging in Endocrine Diseases 485 Sana Salehi, Farshad Moradi, Doina Piciu, Hojjat Ahmadzadehfar, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad 17 Correlative Imaging in Neuroendocrine Tumors 512 Ameya Puranik, Sonal Prasad, Indraja D. Devi, and Vikas Prasad 18 Nephro-urinary Tract Pathologies: A Correlative Imaging Approach 521 Salar Tofighi, Thomas G. Clifford, Saum Ghodoussipour, Peter Henry Joyce, Meisam Hoseinyazdi, Maryam Abdinejad, Saeideh Najafi, Fahad Marafi, and Russell H. Morgan 19 Correlative Approach to Prostate Imaging 533 Soheil Kooraki and Hossein Jadvar 20 Correlative Imaging of the Female Reproductive System 554 Sanaz Katal, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Fawzi Abuhijla, Ahmad Abdlkadir, Liesl Eibschutz, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad 21 Musculoskeletal Imaging 577 George R. Matcuk, Jr., Jordan S. Gross, Dakshesh B. Patel, Brandon K. K. Fields, Dorian M. Lapalma, and Daniel Stahl 22 Spine Disorders: Correlative Imaging Approach 625 Azadeh Eslambolchi, Amit Gupta, Jay Acharya, Christopher Lee, and Kaustav Bera 23 Osteoporosis: Diagnostic Imaging and Value of Multimodality Approach in Differentiating Benign Versus Pathologic Compression Fractures 659 Daniela Garcia, Shambo Guha Roy, and Reza Hayeri 24 Emergency Radiology 671 Sean K. Johnston, Russell Flato, Peter Hu, Peter Henry Joyce, and Andrew Chong 25 Correlative Imaging of Pediatric Diseases 693 Seth J. Crapp, Rachel Pevsner Crum, Nolan Altman, Jyotsna Kochiyil, Eshani Sheth, and Caldon J. Esdaille 26 Infection/Inflammation Imaging 717 Christopher J. Palestro and Charito Love 27 Imaging the Lymphatic System 747 Girolamo Tartaglione, Marco Pagan, Francesco Pio Ieria, Giuseppe Visconti, and Tommaso Tartaglione 28 Lymphoma and Myeloma Correlative Imaging 772 Pavel Gelezhe, Sergey Morozov, Anton Kondakov, and Mikhail Beregov 29 Clinical Application of PET/MRI 788 Laura Evangelista, Paolo Artoli, Paola Bartoletti, Antonio Bignotto, Federica Menegatti, Marco Frigo, Stefania Antonia Sperti, Laura Vendramin, and Diego Cecchin 30 68Ga-FAPI, a Twin Tracer for 18F-FDG in the Era of Evolving PET Imaging 814 Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid, GhasemAli Divband, HamidReza Amini, Thomas G. Clifford, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mykol Larvie, and Majid Assadi 31 Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Imaging 826 Martina Sollini, Daniele Loiacono, Daria Volpe, Alessandro Giaj Levra, Elettra Lomeo, Edoardo Giacomello, Margarita Kirienko, Arturo Chiti, and Pierluca Lanzi 32 Radionuclide Therapies and Correlative Imaging 838 Ashwin Singh Parihar and Erik Mittra Index 871

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis clinically oriented book givesdental practitioners and students a hands-on guide to incorporating dental implants into their practices. Taking a clear and concise approach to the subject, the book offers basic information on all aspects of dental implants. Topics coveredencompass the pros and consof implants, patient factors, clinical considerations to success and failure,and implant restoration. Photographs, radiographs, and illustrations support the text, demonstrating the concepts discussed. The ADA Practical Guide to Dental Implants starts with a brief history of the subject then examines the clinical and economic considerations for implants. Patient factors, including systemic, oral, and periodontal health, diet, age, gender, and more are discussed. The book also looks at the experience of the clinician, followed by clinical considerations such as case planning, implant design, surgical techniques, antibiotics, and more.The last chapters cover post-surgical follow-up and tTable of ContentsPreface 1. Why dental implants 2. A brief history of dental implants 3. Design of Implants 4. Patient factors 5. Patient consults 6. Treatment planning and Evaluating implant sites 7. Implant scenarios 8. Implant surgery: simple healed sites 9. Bone grafting 10. Guided surgery 11. Immediate implant placement: complicated immediate sites 12. Full arch cases 13. Screw-retention vs. Cement-retention of restorations 14. Restoring dental implants 15. Dental implant failures 16. Economics of dental implants 17. Maintaining dental implants Appendix A: Restoring dental implants Appendix B: Abutments Appendix C: Bone graft materials

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Royal Children''s Hospital Melbourne Paediatric Handbookisa trustedguideto managing common and seriouschildhoodillnessesand disorders.This bestselling resource provides students and practitioners acrossmedical, nursing,and allied healthfields with authoritative and up-to-date information on a comprehensive range ofpaediatrictopics, enabling readers to maketheappropriate decisions at the point of care. Now in its tenth edition, theHandbookfeaturesclear illustrationsandevidence-baseddiagnostic and management algorithmsthroughout, coveringresuscitation andmedicalemergencies,prescribing andtherapeutics,medicine, surgery,procedures,and much more. Contains accessible summaries of common and seriouspaediatricillnesses and disorders Aligns with latest clinical practice guidelines Features numerous full-colourphotos, illustrations, diagrams,andclinical images Provides practical guidance on professional ethics and communication in paedTable of ContentsList of Contributors viii Acknowledgements xv Foreword xvi RCH Handbook List xvii Preface xviii 1 Communication in the paediatric consultation 1 Mike Forrester, Daryl Efron 2 Ethics 7 Lynn Gillam, Clare Delany 3 Resuscitation and medical emergencies 16 Michael Clifford, Tali Gadish, Joanne Grindlay 4 Poisoning and envenomation 26 James Tibballs, Noel Cranswick 5 Procedures 39 Peter Archer, Leah Hickey, Ruth Armstrong 6 Pain management 59 George Chalkiadis, Greta Palmer, Ian McKenzie 7 Fluids and electrolytes 77 Sarah McNab, Trevor Duke 8 Prescribing and therapeutics 86 Noel Cranswick, Antun Bogovic, David Metz 9 Immunisation 91 Daryl Cheng, Nigel Crawford 10 Nutrition 100 Liz Rogers, Evelyn Volders, Victoria Evans, Zoe McCallum, Julie E. Bines 11 Growth 112 Jane Standish, Zoe McCallum, Daniella Tassoni, Peter Simm 12 Adolescent medicine 125 Susan Sawyer, Michelle Telfer, Colette Reveley, Kathy Rowe, Adam Scheinberg 13 Allergy 136 Joanne Smart, Dean Tey 14 Behaviour and mental health 146 Ric Haslam, Chidambaram Prakash, Christos Symeonides 15 Cardiology 170 Remi Kowalski, Bryn Jones, Michael Cheung 16 Clinical genetics 182 Natasha J. Brown 17 Dentistry 189 Kerrod Hallett, Lochana Ramalingam 18 Dermatology 194 Rod Phillips, David Orchard 19 Endocrinology 212 Peter Simm, Fergus Cameron, Mary White, Margaret Zacharin, Jeff Kao, Michele O’Connell 20 Forensic medicine 243 Anne Smith, Joanna Tully 21 Gastroenterology 253 Winita Hardikar, Liz Bannister, Susan Gibb 22 Gynaecology 267 Sonia R. Grover, Charlotte V. Elder 23 Haematology 277 Helen Savoia, Luisa Clucas, Gemma Crighton, Sally Campbell, Anthea Greenway, Paul Monagle 24 Immunology 295 Sharon Choo, Theresa Cole 25 Infectious diseases 301 Nigel Curtis, Mike Starr, Josh Osowicki 26 Metabolic medicine 336 Joy Lee, Heidi Peters 27 Neonatal medicine 341 Leah Hickey, Ruth Armstrong, Warwick Teague 28 Neurodevelopment and disability 383 Daryl Efron, Gehan Roberts, Lynne Harrison, Gordon Baikie, Giuliana Antolovich, Deborah Marks, Catherine Marraffa 29 Neurology 401 Mark Mackay, Andrew Kornberg, Alison Wray 30 Oncology 420 Diane Hanna, Rachel Conyers 31 Ophthalmology 431 Anu Mathew 32 Orthopaedics 439 Michael B. Johnson, Leo Donnan 33 Otolaryngology 451 Elizabeth Rose, Valerie Sung 34 Palliative care 465 Bronwyn Sacks, Molly Williams, Sidharth Vemuri, Jenny Hynson 35 Refugee health 473 Georgia Paxton 36 Rehabilitation medicine 484 Adam Scheinberg, Neil Wimalasundera 37 Renal medicine 493 Joshua Kausman, Susan Gibb 38 Respiratory medicine 507 Danielle Wurzel, Sarath Ranganathan, John Massie 39 Rheumatology 529 Jane Munro, Georgina Tiller 40 Sleep medicine 536 Amanda Griffiths, Harriet Hiscock 41 Surgery 543 Michael Nightingale, Aurore Bouty 42 Trans and gender diverse health 556 Michelle Telfer, Ken Pang Appendix: Antimicrobial guidelines 560 Index 572

Read more less

Book SynopsisA comprehensive collection of oral and maxillofacial cases using cone beam CT imaging Atlas of Cone Beam Computed Tomography delivers a robust collection of cases using this advanced method of imaging for oral and maxillofacial radiology. The book features over 1,500 high-quality CBCT scans with succinct descriptions covering a wide range of maxillofacial region conditions, including normal anatomy, anomalies, inflammatory diseases, and degenerative diseases. Easy to navigate and featuring multiple images of normal variation and pathologies, the book offers readers guidance on the diagnostic values of CBCT, as well as CBCT images of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, dental implants, temporomandibular joint evaluations, and surgical interventions. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to cone beam computed tomography, including in vivo and in vitro preparation and evaluation, indications in dentistry, and indications in medicineComprehensive explorations of cone beam compuTable of ContentsPreface vii About the Companion Website viii 1 CBCT Introduction 1 1.1 Science, Preparation, and Evaluation 2 1.2 Indications in Dentistry 16 1.3 Indications in Medicine 31 2 CBCT and Artifacts 38 3 Anatomic Landmarks 67 3.1 Normal Landmarks 68 3.2 Variations 89 4 CBCT of Dental Structures 101 4.1 Normal Anatomy and Anomalies 102 4.2 Difficulties of Eruption 120 5 CBCT of Congenital and Developmental Maxillofacial Anomalies 137 6 CBCT of Maxillofacial Trauma 150 6.1 Dental Fracture 151 6.2 Dento-Alveolar Fracture 158 6.3 Bone Fractures 164 7 CBCT and Soft Tissue Calcifications and Ossifications 183 8 CBCT of Foreign Bodies 195 9 CBCT in Endodontics, Periodontics, and Orthodontics 223 9.1 Endodontics 224 9.2 Periodontics 243 9.3 Orthodontics 251 10 CBCT and Maxillofacial Pathology Assessment 269 10.1 Odontogenic Lesions 270 10.2 Non-odontogenic Lesions 304 11 CBCT and ENT Assessment 343 12 CBCT and the IAN Canal 370 13 CBCT of Dental Implants 381 13.1 Pre-surgical Implant Assessments 382 13.2 Postoperative Complications 400 14 CBCT and TMJ Evaluations 417 15 Interventional CBCT 433 Conclusion 448 Bibliography and Further Reading 449 Index 451

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgements, 00 About the Companion Website, 00 About the Book, 00 Chapter 1 Terminology, 00 Chapter 2 Neuroanatomy – why is it important? 00 Chapter 3 What’s of use to me in practice? Armamentarium, equipment and techniques, 00 Chapter 4 I don’t know what I am recording. Where are the true contacts? 00 Chapter 5 The crown is high, 00 Chapter 6 My bite feels different, 00 Chapter 7 My front tooth filling keeps fracturing, 00 Chapter 8 TMD and occlusion – is there a link? 00 Chapter 9 How would I adjust a high occlusal contact? 00 Chapter 10 How would I ensure a good occlusion on posterior composite restorations? 00 Chapter 11 My front teeth feel loose and are moving, 00 Chapter 12 Canine guidance or group function? 00 Chapter 13 Replacing missing teeth – abutment is involved with guidance, 00 Chapter 14 The space is lost! Loss of occlusal space following crown prep, 00 Chapter 15 My front teeth are worn, 00 Chapter 16 All my teeth are restored but don’t meet like they did before, 00 Chapter 17 I am breaking my teeth and veneers and lost a tooth due to grinding, 00 Chapter 18 Occlusion on implants. Any difference? 00 Glossary of Terms, 00 Short Answer Questions, 00 Index, 00

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to the Second Edition ix Acknowledgments xi About the Companion Website xiii 1. Introduction to Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 1 Conventional Computed Tomography 1 Cone Beam Computed Tomography 2 Conventional CT versus Cone Beam CT 2 Viewing CBCT Data 4 Artifacts 7 References 11 2. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Recommendations 13Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 13 Endodontics 13 Orthodontics 18 Periodontics 24 References 30 3. Legal Issues Concerning Cone Beam Computed Tomography 33Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 33 Standard of Care 33 Recommendations 34 Summary 36 References 37 4. Paranasal Sinuses and Mastoid Air Cells 39Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 39 Anatomy 39 Inflammatory Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 56 Intrinsic Disease of the Paranasal Sinuses 60 Postsurgical Changes of Paranasal Sinuses 69 References 70 5. The Sinonasal Cavity and Airway 73Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 73 Anatomy 73 Surgical Variations 87 Inflammatory Diseases 89 The Pharynx 91 The Nasopharynx 92 The Oropharynx 93 The Hypopharynx (Also Called Laryngopharynx) 95 The Parapharyngeal Space 95 References 96 6. Cranial Skull Base and Orbits 97Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 97 Anatomy 97 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 106 Incidental Findings 111 References 113 7. Soft Tissues 115Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 115 Pathosis—Arterial Calcifications 115 Pathosis—Other Calcifications 122 Incidental Findings—Soft Tissue of the Brain 126 Incidental Findings—Orbital Cavity 133 Incidental Findings—Face 136 References 138 8. Cervical Spine 141Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 141 Anatomy 141 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 147 Pathosis 153 References 158 9. Maxilla and Mandible (excluding TMJs) 161Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 161 Anatomy 161 Anatomic Variants/Developmental Anomalies 167 Pathosis 169 Incidental Findings 178 References 182 10. Temporomandibular Joints 183Gayle Tieszen Reardon Introduction 183 Normal Anatomy and Function 183 Developmental Abnormalities 187 Soft‐Tissue Abnormalities 192 Remodeling and Arthritis 194 Trauma 204 Tumors 206 References 207 11. Implants 209Gayle Tieszen Reardon and Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 209 Imaging for Implant Purposes 210 CBCT Image Development 214 Gray Values and Hounsfield Units 214 Bone Density: A Key Determinant for Treatment Planning 215 Linear Measurement Accuracy 216 Mandibular Canal 217 Virtual Implant Placement Software 218 References 221 Appendix Sample Reports 223Shawneen M. Gonzalez Introduction 223 General Health Report 224 Pathology Report 226 Endodontic Report 231 Index 237

Read more less

Book SynopsisPharmacoepidemiology originally arose from the union of the fields of clinical pharmacology and epidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiology studies the use of and the effects of medical products in large numbers of peopleand applies the methods of epidemiology to the content area of clinical pharmacology. This field represents the science underlyingstudies of the effects of medical products (such asdrugs, biologicals,anddevices)in real world use. Strom'sTextbook ofPharmacoepidemiologymeetstheincreasing need for people to be trained in the field.Designed to meet the need of students, this textbook offersan approach that focuses on the core of the discipline, providing a focused educational resource for students.The book is designed forstudents at all levels: upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and others who are learning the field.Case examplesfeature inmost chapters,andall chapters includekey pointsand alist of further reading. Fully revised and updated throughout,Textbook ofPharmacoepidemiology, 3rdeditionisa useful introduction and resource forstudents of pharmacoepidemiology, both those enrolled in formal classes and those learning in the real world, who will respond to the challenges that they encounter.Table of ContentsContributors xvii Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxv Part I Introduction to Pharmacoepidemiology 1 1 What is Pharmacoepidemiology? 3 Brian L. Strom Introduction 3 Definition of Pharmacoepidemiology 3 Historical Background 5 The Current Drug Approval Process 13 Potential Contributions of Pharmacoepidemiology 15 Key Points 18 Further Reading 18 2 Study Designs Available for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 20 Brian L. Strom Introduction 20 Overview of the Scientific Method 20 Types of Errors that one Can Make in Performing a Study 22 Criteria for the Causal Nature of an Association 23 Epidemiologic Study Designs 26 Discussion 31 Conclusion 32 Key Points 32 Further Reading 33 3 Sample Size Considerations for Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 35 Brian L. Strom Introduction 35 Sample Size Calculations for Cohort Studies 35 Sample Size Calculations for Case–Control Studies 40 Sample Size Calculations for Case Series 41 Discussion 43 Key Points 45 Further Reading 45 4 Basic Principles of Clinical Pharmacology Relevant to Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 47 Jeffrey S. Barrett Introduction 47 Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology 48 Basics of Clinical Pharmacology 48 Pharmacokinetics 49 Special Populations 52 Pharmacodynamics 56 Pharmacogenomics 59 Model-Informed Drug Development 59 Conclusion 60 Key Points 60 Further Reading 61 5 When Should One Perform Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies? 62 Brian L. Strom Introduction 62 Reasons to Perform Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 62 Safety Versus Risk 67 Risk Tolerance 67 Conclusion 70 Key Points 70 Further Reading 71 6 Views from Academia, Industry, Regulatory Agencies, and the Legal System 73 Joshua J. Gagne, Jerry Avorn, Nicolle M. Gatto, Jingping Mo, Gerald J. Dal Pan, June Raine, Shinobu Uzu, Aaron S. Kesselheim, and Kerstin N. Vokinger The View from Academia 73 The View from Industry 81 The View from Regulatory Agencies 90 The View from the Legal System 98 Further Reading 107 Part II Sources of Pharmacoepidemiology Data 113 7 Postmarketing Spontaneous Pharmacovigilance Reporting Systems 115 Gerald J. Dal Pan, Marie Lindquist, and Kate Gelperin Introduction 115 Description 116 Strengths 128 Limitations 129 Particular Applications 131 The Future 132 Key Points 132 Further Reading 134 8 Overview of Electronic Databases in Pharmacoepidemiology 136 Brian L. Strom Introduction 136 Description 137 Strengths 138 Weaknesses 139 Particular Applications 140 The Future 140 Key Points 141 Further Reading 141 9 Encounter Databases 142 Tobias Gerhard, Yola Moride, Anton Pottegård, and Nicole Pratt Introduction 142 Description 142 Strengths 161 Limitations 162 Particular Applications 163 The Future 166 Key Points 167 Further Reading 171 US Databases 172 European Databases 172 Canadian Databases 173 Asian Databases 173 10 Electronic Health Record Databases 174 Daniel B. Horton, Harshvinder Bhullar, Francesca Cunningham, Janet Sultana, and Gialuca Trifirò Introduction 174 Description 174 Strengths 184 Limitations 185 The Future 186 Summary Points for Electronic Health Record Databases 187 Acknowledgment 187 Further Readings 189 11 Primary Data Collection for Pharmacoepidemiology 192 Priscilla Velentgas Introduction 192 Methods of Primary Data Collection 195 Strengths 197 Limitations 197 Particular Applications 198 Conclusions 199 Key Points 199 Further Reading 201 12 How Should One Perform Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies? Choosing Among the Available Alternatives 203 Brian L. Strom Introduction 203 Choosing Among the Available Approaches to Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 203 Examples 215 Conclusion 216 Key Points 216 Further Reading 216 Part III Special Issues in Pharmacoepidemiology Methodology 219 13 Validity of Drug and Diagnosis Data in Pharmacoepidemiology 221 Mary Elizabeth Ritchey, Suzanne L. West, and George Maldonado Introduction 221 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 221 Methodological Problems to be Solved by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 222 Currently Available Solutions 233 The Future 242 Key Points 242 Further Reading 243 14 Assessing Causality from Case Reports 246 Bernard Bégaud and Judith K. Jones Introduction 246 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 246 The Two Paradigms of Causality Assessment 246 When is Assessing Causation from Cases Reports Useful? 247 Methodological Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 248 Approaches for Assessing Causation from Individual Cases 249 Calibration 253 Choosing the Appropriate Approach 253 The Future 254 Key Points 255 Further Reading 255 15 Molecular Pharmacoepidemiology 257 Christine Y. Lu and Stephen E. Kimmel Introduction 257 Definitions and Concepts 258 The Interface of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics with Molecular Pharmacoepidemiology 259 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 260 The Progression and Clinical Application of Molecular Pharmacoepidemiology 264 Methodological Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 264 Currently Available Solutions 269 The Future 271 Key Points 273 Further Reading 274 16 Bioethical Issues in Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 276 Laura E. Bothwell, Annika Richterich, and Jeremy Greene Introduction 276 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 276 Methodologic Problems to be Solved by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 283 Currently Available Solutions 286 The Future 289 Acknowledgement 291 Key Points 291 Further Reading 293 17 The Use of Randomized Controlled Trials for Pharmacoepidemiology 294 Samuel M. Lesko, Allen A. Mitchell, and Robert F. Reynolds Introduction 294 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 294 Methodological Problems to be Solved by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 296 Currently Available Solutions 298 Large Simple Trials 298 Analysis 303 Primary Analysis 303 The Future 304 Key Points 305 Further Reading 305 18 Pharmacoeconomics: Economic Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals 307 Kevin A. Schulman Introduction 307 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoeconomic Research 307 Methodological Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoeconomic Research 312 The Future 320 Acknowledgements 320 Key Points 320 Further Reading 320 19 Patient Engagement and Patient Reported Outcomes 322 Esi M. Morgan and Adam C. Carle Introduction 322 Patient Reported Outcomes in Clinical Trials 323 Patient Reported Outcomes in Routine Care 323 Patient Reported Outcomes as Motivation to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies 325 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 326 Methodologic Problems to be Solved by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 328 Currently Available Solutions 328 The Future 330 Key Points 331 Further Reading 331 20 The Use of Meta-analysis in Pharmacoepidemiology 334 Brenda J. Crowe, Stephen J.W. Evans, H. Amy Xia, and Jesse A. Berlin Introduction 334 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 335 Methodological Problems to be Solved by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 336 Currently Available Solutions 338 The Future 350 Key Points 351 Further Reading 352 21 Studies of Medication Adherence 355 Julie Lauffenburger, Trisha Acri, and Robert Gross Introduction 355 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 356 Methodological Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 357 Currently Available Solutions 357 Analysis Issues in Adherence 362 Use of Adherence Data in Clinical Trials and Comparative Effectiveness Studies 362 The Future 365 Key Points 365 Further Reading 366 22 Advanced Approaches to Controlling Confounding in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies 368 Sebastian Schneeweiss and Samy Suissa Introduction 368 Clinical Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 368 Methodological Problems to be Addressed by Pharmacoepidemiologic Research 368 Currently Available Solutions 370 Conclusion 382 Key Points 382 Further Reading 384 Part IV Special Applications and the Future of Pharmacoepidemiology 387 23 Special Applications of Pharmacoepidemiology 389 David Lee, Björn Wettermark, Christine Y. Lu, Stephen B. Soumerai, Robert T. Chen, Sharon-Lise T.Normand, Art Sedrakyan, Danica Marinac-Dabic, Daniel B. Horton, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Tamar Lasky, Krista F. Huybrechts, Claudia Manzo, Emil Cochino, Hanna M. Seidling, David W. Bates, Bennett Levitan, Rachael L. DiSantostefano, and Scott Evans Studies of Drug Utilization 389 Introduction 389 Evaluating and Improving Prescribing 398 Special Methodological Issues in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies of Vaccine Safety 403 Epidemiologic Studies of Implantable Medical Devices 408 Research on the Effects of Medications in Pregnancy and in Children 418 Risk Management 427 The Pharmacoepidemiology of Medication Errors 436 Benefit–Risk Assessments of Medical Treatments 442 Further Reading 454 24 The Future of Pharmacoepidemiology 464 Brian L. Strom, Stephen E. Kimmel, and Sean Hennessy Introduction 464 The View from Academia 465 Scientific Developments 465 The View from Industry 471 The View from Regulatory Agencies 472 The View from the Law 473 Conclusion 473 Key Points 473 Further Reading 474 Appendix A — Sample Size Tables 475 Appendix B — Glossary 493 Index 505

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis comprehensive book describes the design, synthesis, mechanisms, characterization, fundamental properties, functions and development of self-healing smart materials and their composites with their allied applications. It covers cementitious concrete composites, bleeding composites, elastomers, tires, membranes, and composites in energy storage, coatings, shape-memory, aerospace and robotic applications. The 21 chapters are written by researchers from a variety of disciplines and backgrounds.Table of ContentsPreface xv 1 Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 1Facundo I. Altuna and Cristina E. Hoppe 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Extrinsic Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 5 1.3 Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymer Coatings 13 1.4 Remote Activation of Self-Healing 21 1.5 Perspectives and Challenges 26 References 27 2 Smart Phenolics for Self-Healing and Shape Memory Applications 39Baris Kiskan and Yusuf Yagci 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Self-Healable Polybenzoxazines 42 2.3 Benzoxazine Resins for Shape Memory Applications 51 2.4 Conclusion 57 References 58 3 Self-Healable Elastomers 65Mariajose Cova Sánchez, Daniela Belén García, Mariano Martin Escobar and Marcela Mansilla 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Self-Healing in Elastomers 67 3.2.1 Self-Healing Mechanism 68 3.2.1.1 Heat Stimulated Self-Healing 68 3.2.1.2 Light Stimulated Self-Healing 68 3.2.1.3 Mechanochemical Self-Healing 68 3.2.1.4 Encapsulation 69 3.2.2 Characterization of Healing Process 70 3.3 Particular Cases in Different Elastomers 71 3.3.1 Natural Rubber (NR) 71 3.3.2 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) 76 3.3.3 Polybutadiene Rubber 79 3.3.4 Bromobutyl Rubber 81 3.3.5 Silicones 84 3.3.6 Polyurethanes 89 References 92 4 Self-Healable Tires 99Norazlianie Sazali, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed and Zul Adlan Mohd Hir 4.1 Introduction 100 4.2 Self-Healable Rubber 102 4.3 Promising Strategy for Self-Healing Rubber-Based Material 103 4.4 Conclusion 113 References 113 5 Self-Healing Bacterial Cementitious Composites 123R. Preetham, R. Hari Krishna, M.N. Chandraprabha and R. Sivaramakrishna 5.1 Introduction 124 5.2 Biomineralization for Self-Healing 130 5.2.1 Bacteria as Self-Healing Agent 130 5.2.2 Bacterial Metabolic Pathway in Self-Healing 131 5.2.2.1 Urea Hydrolysis by Ureolytic Bacteria 132 5.2.2.2 Hydrolysis of CO2 by Carbonic Anhydrase Producing Bacteria 133 5.2.2.3 Hydrolysis of Organic Acids 134 5.2.2.4 Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction 134 5.2.2.5 Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction 135 5.2.2.6 Ammonification 135 5.3 Strategies to Enhance the Performance of Bacterial Self-Healing 139 5.4 Evaluation of Factors Affecting Bacterial Self-Healing 141 5.4.1 Nutrient Suitability for Optimal Bacterial Growth 142 5.4.2 Viability and Activity of Encapsulated Spores 143 5.4.3 Evaluation of Encapsulation Material 143 5.4.4 Crack Healing Efficiency 144 5.4.5 Effects of Capsule Material and Bacteria on Concrete Properties 146 5.5 Conclusion, Future Prospective & Challenges 146 References 147 6 Self-Healable Solar Cells: Recent Insights and Challenges 153Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Sonia Bahrani, Seeram Ramakrishna, Chin Wei Lai and Wei-Hung Chiang 6.1 Introduction 154 6.2 Functional Mechanism of Protection Approaches 155 6.2.1 Self-Healable Polymeric Structure 155 6.2.2 Shape Memory Polymeric Structure 156 6.2.3 Self-Cleanable Polymeric Platforms 157 6.3 Advanced Self-Healable Polymeric Materials 159 6.3.1 Self-Healable Polymers 159 6.3.2 Self-Healable Hydrogels 165 6.4 Shape Memory Materials 168 6.5 Self-Healable Solar Cells 169 6.6 Conclusions 175 References 175 7 Self-Healable Core–Shell Nanofibers 181Sonia Bahrani, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Chin Wei Lai and Wei-Hung Chiang 7.1 Introduction 182 7.2 Self-Healing Polymers in Fabrication of Core–Shell Nanofibers 183 7.3 Strategies for Core–Shell Nanofibers Fabrication 184 7.3.1 Capsule-Based Self-Healing 185 7.3.2 Vascular-Based Self-Healing 187 7.4 Methods of Fabrication of Self-Healing Core–Shell Nanofibers 188 7.4.1 Co-Electrospinning 188 7.4.2 Emulsion Electrospinning 190 7.4.3 Solution‐Blown 194 7.5 Self-Healing in Laminated Composite 194 7.6 Beneficial Self-Repairing Systems on Basis of Core–Shell Nanofibers 196 7.7 Conclusion 197 References 197 8 Intrinsic Self-Healing Materials 203Angelita Cristiane Saul and João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos 8.1 Introduction 203 8.2 Inverse Reactions and Chain Recombination 205 8.3 Reversible (Covalent) Bonds 205 8.3.1 Cycloadditions 206 8.3.2 Reversible Acylhydrazones 211 8.3.3 Disulfides 216 8.3.4 Alkoxyamines (Radicals) 218 8.3.5 Transesterification 222 8.4 Supramolecular Interactions 223 8.4.1 Hydrogen Bonds 224 8.4.2 π–π Interaction 225 8.4.3 Ionomers (Ballistic Stimulus) 226 8.4.4 Metallopolymers 227 8.5 Conclusion 229 References 229 9 Self-Healable Catalysis 237Bilge Coşkuner Filiz 9.1 Introduction 237 9.2 Self-Healable Catalysis Applications 239 9.2.1 Oxygen Evolution Catalysts 239 9.2.2 Specific Catalysis Applications of Self-Healing Property 243 9.3 Conclusion 244 References 244 10 Self-Healing Materials in Corrosion Protection 247Eiman Alibakhshi, Bahram Ramezanzadeh and Mohammad Mahdavian 10.1 Introduction 248 10.2 Self-Healing Definition 249 10.3 Inhibition of the Corroded Regions Thanks to the Presence of Corrosion Inhibitive Pigments/Inhibitors 251 10.4 The Imprisonment and Physical Release of the Inhibitor 256 10.4.1 Ion-Exchange Based Materials 257 10.4.2 Porous-Structure and Metal Oxide Materials 268 10.4.3 Conductive Polymers 269 10.4.4 Fibril Materials 270 10.4.5 Lamellar-Structure Materials 271 10.4.6 Other Containers 274 10.5 Healing Using Polymerizable Agents 275 10.6 Conclusion and Outlook 276 References 278 11 Self-Healable Conductive Materials 297M. Ramesh, L. Rajeshkumar, D. Balaji, V. Bhuvaneswari and S. Sivalingam 11.1 Introduction 298 11.2 Self-Healing Materials 298 11.2.1 Elastomers 298 11.2.2 Reversible Materials 303 11.3 Self-Healing Conductive Materials 304 11.3.1 Polymers 304 11.3.2 Capsules 306 11.3.3 Liquids 308 11.3.4 Composites 309 11.3.5 Coating 311 11.4 Conclusion 313 References 313 12 Self-Healable Artificial Skin 321Younus Raza Beg, Gokul Ram Nishad and Priyanka Singh 12.1 Introduction 321 12.2 Preparation and Properties of Artificial Skin 322 12.3 Applications of Electronic Skin 335 12.4 Conclusion 341 References 342 13 Self-Healing Smart Composites 345Sithara Gopinath, Suresh Mathew and P. Radhakrishnan Nair 13.1 Introduction 345 13.2 Self-Healing Mechanisms and its Classifications 346 13.2.1 Intrinsic Self-Repairing Materials 348 13.2.2 Extrinsic Self-Repairing Materials 350 13.3 Self-Healing of Thermoplastic Materials 352 13.4 Self-Healing of Thermosetting Materials 354 13.5 Conclusions and Future Study 355 References 356 14 Stimuli-Responsive Self-Healable Materials 361G. Jerald Maria Antony, S. Raja and S.T. Aruna 14.1 Self-Healing Materials 362 14.2 Synthesis of S-H Materials 364 14.3 Types of S-H Materials 365 14.4 Need for Stimuli-Responsive Shape Memory (S-RSM) Materials 367 14.5 Stimuli-Responsive or Nonautonomous S-H Materials 368 14.5.1 Light Stimuli-Responsive S-H Materials 369 14.5.2 Thermal Stimuli-Responsive S-H Materials 370 14.5.3 Chemical Stimuli-Responsive S-H Materials 371 14.5.4 Electric/Magnetic Stimuli-Responsive S-H Materials 372 14.5.5 Multi-Stimuli Responsive S-H Material 373 14.6 Commercialization and Challenges 374 14.7 Conclusions 375 References 375 15 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healable Materials 379M. Ramesh, L. Rajeshkumar and R. Saravanakumar 15.1 Introduction 380 15.2 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Gel 380 15.3 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Crystals 386 15.4 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing Based on Composites 389 15.5 Mechanically-Induced Self-Healing for Corrosion 394 15.5.1 Capsule-Based Self-Healing Approaches for Corrosion Protection 394 15.5.2 Fiber-Based Self-Healing Approaches for Corrosion Protection 398 15.6 Conclusion 399 References 400 16 Self-Healing Materials in Robotics 405Sunny Kumar 16.1 Introduction 405 16.2 Chemistry of Self-Healing (S-H) Materials 406 16.3 Working of Self-Healing (S-H) Material 407 16.4 Application of Self-Healing Robots 407 16.4.1 Self-Healing Electronics for Soft Robotics 407 16.4.2 Self-Healing Electrostatic Actuators 408 16.4.3 Self-Healing Skin for Robotics 408 16.5 Approaches to Self-Healing 408 16.6 Material Application and Damage Resilience Mechanism 410 16.7 Conclusion 410 References 412 17 Self-Healing Materials in Aerospace Applications 415M. Harikrishna Kumar, C. Moganapriya, A. Moha Kumar, R. Rajasekar and V. K. Gobinath 17.1 Introduction 415 17.2 Classification of Self-Healing Materials 417 17.2.1 Intrinsic Mechanism 417 17.2.2 Extrinsic Mechanism 418 17.2.2.1 Microencapsulation 418 17.2.2.2 Microvascular Network 419 17.3 Self-Healing Materials in Aerospace Applications 420 17.3.1 Fiber Reinforced Polymers 421 17.3.2 Modified Epoxy 425 17.3.3 Ceramic Matrix Composites 428 17.4 Conclusion 431 References 432 18 Bio-Inspired Self-Healable Materials 435Archita Sharma and Shailendra Kumar Arya 18.1 Introduction 436 18.1.1 Self-Healable Materials and Coatings 439 18.1.1.1 The Process of Self-Healing Through the Exploitation of Micro-Capsule and Micro-Vascular Method 439 18.1.1.2 Self-Healing Process Through Reversible Covalent Bond Formation 442 18.1.1.3 Self-Healable Systems on the Basis of Supramolecular Self-Assembly 444 18.1.2 Mechanism of Self-Healing Materials 445 18.2 Repairing and Healing the Damage 448 18.3 A Systematic Biomimetic Approach 448 18.4 Self-Healable Materials: Case Studies 449 18.4.1 Regrowth of Limbs 449 18.4.2 The Mechanism of Bone Healing 451 18.4.3 Cutaneous Wound Healing 452 18.5 Applications of Bio-Inspired Self-Healable Materials—Examples 453 18.5.1 Bio-Inspired Ionic Skin for Pressure Sensing 453 18.5.2 Self-Healable Synthetic Vascular Materials Concerning Internal Damage 456 18.5.3 Biobased Self-Healable Color Hydrogel 458 18.5.4 Bio-Inspired Support for Repairing Damaged Articular Cartilage 461 18.6 Conclusions and Outlook 464 References 465 19 Self-Healable Batteries 475Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Maryam Zarei, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Wei-Hung Chiang, Chin Wei Lai and Sonia Bahrani 19.1 Introduction 476 19.2 Development of Self-Healing Materials 478 19.3 Self-Healing Batteries 481 19.3.1 Self-Healable Electrodes 481 19.3.2 Self-Healable Electrolytes 483 19.4 Conclusions 487 References 488 20 Self-Healing in Bleeding Composites 495Lutfur Rahman, Ata Ullah, Muhammad Bilal Yazdani, Muhammad Irfan, Waheed S. Khan and Asma Rehman 20.1 Introduction 496 20.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Self-Healing Materials and Their Repairing Approaches 498 20.3 Strategies of Self-Healing in Engineered Materials 499 20.3.1 Materials With Bioinspired Self-Healing Mechanism 499 20.3.2 Self-Healing in Composite Materials Based on Biomimetic Approaches 502 20.3.3 Vascular Networks 502 20.4 Healing Agents, Comparison With Biological Phenomenon and Bleeding Mechanism in Self-Healing Composite Materials 503 20.4.1 Compartmentalization, Recovery After Yield and Reinforce Repair 506 20.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Repairing Bleeding Composite Materials 507 20.6 Conclusion 508 References 508 21 Self-Healing Polymers 511Muhammad Akram, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Adrish Sohail, Iram Ghaffar, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Hina Anwar, Musa Abidemi Muhibi, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Umme Laila and Mathew Olaniyan 21.1 Introduction 512 21.2 General Overview on Self-Healing Materials 513 21.3 Design of Self-Healing 515 21.3.1 Modes of Action of Self-Healing 515 21.3.2 Rearrangement of Surface Dynamics 516 21.3.3 Bringing the Surfaces Together 516 21.3.4 Wetness 516 21.3.5 Diffusion 516 21.4 Application of Self-Healing Materials 517 21.4.1 Properties of Self-Healing 518 21.4.2 Advancement in Self-Healing 518 21.4.3 Classification of Self-Healing 519 21.4.4 Healing Mechanism Types of Healing 519 21.4.4.1 Crack Filling Healing Process 519 21.4.4.2 Diffusion 521 21.4.4.3 Bond Reformation 521 21.4.4.4 Application 521 21.5 Specific Examples of Self-Healing Polymer 522 21.5.1 Intrinsic Self-Healing 522 21.5.2 Extrinsic Self-Healing 522 21.5.3 One Capsule System 522 21.5.4 Self-Healing Based on Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization 522 21.5.5 Solvent-Induced Self-Healing 523 21.5.6 Dual-Capsule Systems 523 21.5.6.1 Polydimethylsiloxane Condensation 524 21.5.6.2 Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation 524 21.5.6.3 Adaptive Resistant Effect 524 21.6 Conclusion and Recommendations 525 References 525 Index 531

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 3 Where to Go from Here 3 Chapter 1: Exploring Borderline Personality Disorder 7 Breaking Down Borderline Personality Disorder 8 Unpredictable relationships 9 Acting without thinking 9 Volatile emotions 10 Confusing thoughts 10 Exploring the Origins of BPD 11 Counting the Costs of BPD 12 Health costs 12 Financial and career-related costs 13 The toll on family and friends 14 Treating BPD 15 Psychotherapy 15 Medication 16 Relating to People Who Have BPD 16 Chapter 2: Defining Personality to Understand BPD 19 Characterizing Personality 20 Differentiating Healthy from Unhealthy 20 Openness: Seeking new experiences 22 Flexibility: Rolling with the punches 22 Emotional regulation: Controlling what you express 23 Ability to delay gratification: Controlling impulses 24 Conscientiousness: Responsible and reliable 24 Interpersonal effectiveness: Having good relationships 25 Emotional resiliency: Bouncing back from tough breaks 25 Self-acceptance: Seeing yourself as you really are 26 Accurate perception of reality: Seeing the world as it is 26 Moderation: Avoiding extremes 27 Chapter 3: Describing BPD 29 The Nine Symptoms of BPD 30 1 Sensation seeking (impulsivity) 30 2 Self-harm 31 3 Roller coaster emotions 31 4 Explosiveness 31 5 Worries about abandonment 32 6 Unclear and unstable self-concept 32 7 Emptiness 32 8 Up-and-down relationships 32 9 Dissociation: Feeling out of touch with reality 33 Diagnosing BPD: Like Ordering from a Chinese Menu 33 High or Low Functioning 38 BPD Over the Life Span 38 Other Personality Disorders 39 The odd and eccentric 40 The dramatic and erratic 43 The anxious and fearful 46 Emotional Disorders That Accompany BPD 50 Anxiety 51 Trauma and stressor-related disorders 52 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 53 Depressive disorders 54 Bipolar and related disorders 54 Other emotional disorders 56 Chapter 4: Exploring the Root Causes of BPD 59 Beginning with Biology 60 Genetics 60 Brain chemistry and functioning 61 Psychological Factors 62 Problematic parenting 63 Abuse and trauma 66 Separation and loss 67 Disorganized and disrupted families 67 Social and Cultural Influences 68 The neighborhood 69 Friends and peers 70 The teen years 70 Social media 70 Cultural factors 71 Mixing and Matching Risk Factors 74 Biological and psychological factors 75 Biological and social influences 76 Psychological and social causes 76 A full biopsychosocial mix 77 Part 2: The Major BPD Symptoms 79 Chapter 5: Sensation Seeking and Self-Harm: The Impulsivity of BPD 81 Living Dangerously: Impulsive Behavior 82 Hurting for Help 84 Types of self-harming acts 84 Why hurt yourself? 85 Suicide: Seeking the Ultimate Escape 88 A cry for help or an attempt at revenge? 89 Who’s at risk? 89 Chapter 6: Explosive Feelings and Moods 91 Emotions 101 91 Primitive emotions 93 Thoughtful emotions 95 Emotions — Borderline Style 95 Struggling to recognize and express emotions 97 Having emotions about emotions 98 Chapter 7: Missing Persons: Identity Problems and BPD 99 The Concept of Identity 100 What is identity? 100 How does identity develop? 102 Borderline Identity: Unstable and Fragile 104 Waffling identities 105 Worries about identity 106 Chapter 8: Perceiving, Understanding, and Relating to Others 107 Standing in Other People’s Shoes 108 Understanding other people 108 Seeing yourself through other people’s eyes 110 Causing unintended hurt 111 Busting through Boundaries 113 Disrespecting partners and lovers 114 Slighting friends and co-workers 115 Straining relationships with helpers 115 Riding roughshod over kids 116 Chapter 9: BPD and Extreme Thinking 117 Understanding How You See the World 117 How schemas develop 118 Types of schemas 119 Why schemas are hard to change 120 BPD Schemas: No Middle Ground 121 Self-concept schemas 121 Relationship schemas 124 World schemas 127 Chapter 10: Slipping Away from Reality 131 Discovering Dissociation 132 Feeling Paranoid or Delusional 134 Having Hallucinations 135 When You Have BPD and Feel Crazy 137 Part 3: Making the Choice to Change 139 Chapter 11: Researching and Choosing BPD Treatments 141 Exploring BPD Treatment Settings 142 Working individually with a therapist 142 Giving groups a chance 142 Spending more time in treatment: Partial hospitalization 143 Needing more care: Inpatient psychiatric wards 143 Combining and changing treatments 144 Researching the Treatment Strategies That Work for BPD 144 Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) 145 Mentalization-based therapy (MBT) 145 Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) 146 Cognitive therapy 146 Schema therapy 147 Transdiagnostic treatment 148 Metacognitive therapy (MCT) 148 Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS) 148 Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) 149 Compassion focused therapy (CFT) 149 Medication 149 Common factors in therapies 149 Choosing a Mental Health Professional 150 Primary healthcare providers 152 Psychologists 153 Psychiatrists 153 Counselors 154 Marriage and family therapists 154 Psychiatric nurses 155 Social workers 155 Starting Treatment 156 Evaluating your therapy 156 Giving therapy some time 157 Chapter 12: Breaking Through Barriers to Change 159 Overcoming the Fear of Change 160 Losing who you are: It’s not going to happen 161 Opening up: No need for cold feet 161 Dreading even more loss: Try not to test the ones who want to help 162 Fearing treatment: Don’t let therapy myths hold you back 162 Looking at fears of change in action 164 Taking Charge and Giving Up the Victim Role 165 Ending the blame game 165 Thinking like a victim: It doesn’t help 166 Finding forgiveness and coping 167 Stop Procrastinating 167 Dismantling excuses 167 Debating the decision 169 Getting Comfortable with the Process of Change 171 Chapter 13: Explaining BPD to Others 173 Deciding Whether and Whom to Tell 174 The benefits and costs of telling 174 Figuring out whom to tell 176 Deciding What to Tell 180 Educating yourself 180 Deciding how much to say 181 Telling Your Story Effectively 184 Chapter 14: Taking Care of Yourself 187 Dealing with Stress 187 Reviewing how stress affects health 188 Managing and reducing stress 189 Taking Better Care of Your Body 190 Revising your diet 191 Energizing with exercise 192 Getting enough sleep 192 Taking healthy actions 195 Finding More Time for Yourself 196 Part 4: Treatments for BPD 197 Chapter 15: Inhibiting Impulsivity 199 Increasing Your Awareness of Impulsive Behavior 200 Write down your impulsive acts 200 A case study of working on impulsiveness 202 Putting the Brakes on Impulsivity 206 Putting time on your side 206 Putting off your impulses 208 Doing something different 209 Fire drilling 209 Seeking Healthier Alternatives 211 Chapter 16: Calming the Storms Within 213 Putting a Name Tag on Feelings 214 Understanding the thought-feeling connection 214 Practicing emotional regulation 215 Forbidding Feelings from Ruling Over Thoughts 216 Doing the opposite of what you feel 217 Calming down with coping self-statements 218 Relaxing and Practicing 219 Making muscles relax 219 Soothing through the senses 223 Visualizing calm 224 Discovering Meditation 225 Benefits of meditation 225 How to meditate 226 Types of meditation 227 Meditation myths 229 Acquiring Acceptance 230 Discovering your observant mind 231 Playing with your judgmental mind 233 Chapter 17: Creating an Identity 235 Clarifying What’s Important in Your Life 236 Finding your personal priorities 236 Creating a personal life mission statement 239 Finding Forgiveness and Self-Compassion 242 Forgiving yourself first 242 Going from self-forgiveness to self-compassion 243 Fumbling to forgive others 244 Chapter 18: Putting Yourself in Other People’s Shoes 247 Understanding Others’ Points of View 248 Projecting: Thinking others feel what you feel 248 Practicing perspective taking 250 Noticing Your Impact on Others 255 Decreasing Defensiveness 255 Taking the “I” out of interactions 256 Putting a friend on your side 257 Musing over defusing 257 Getting Along Better 258 Listening 259 Giving compliments 259 Pillowing rather than pummeling 260 Chapter 19: Finding Shades of Gray: Changing Problematic Core Beliefs 261 Schema Busting Strategies 262 Recognizing the effects of schemas on your feelings 263 Exorcising problematic childhood schemas 266 Tabulating a cost-benefit analysis 268 Adopting Adaptive Schemas 271 Taking the direct approach 272 Staying on track with flash cards 273 Chapter 20: Considering Medication for BPD 277 Putting Medications on Trial 277 Getting Help from Medications 279 Considerations for taking medication 280 Precautions to consider 280 Surveying the Medicine Cabinet 282 Antidepressants 282 Neuroleptics 285 Mood stabilizers 286 Anti-anxiety medications (minor tranquilizers) 286 Problems with the Polypharmacy Strategy 286 Making the Medication Decision 287 Part 5: Advice for People Who Care 289 Chapter 21: What to Do When Your Partner Has BPD 291 Understanding Borderline Behaviors within Relationships 292 Going to extremes 292 Giving you the silent treatment 293 Gaslighting 295 Initiating isolation 296 Shaking up the present 297 Expressing entitlement 297 Acting impulsively 298 Feeling rejected and abandoned 299 Misinterpreting threats to self-esteem 300 Staying Safe: Emotionally and Physically 301 Dealing with your partner’s self-abuse 302 Knowing what to do when you’re the recipient of abuse 302 Walking Away from BPD 304 Debating the decision 304 Leaving abusive relationships if you decide to do so 306 Leaving nonabusive relationships if you decide to do so 308 Remaining in a Relationship 309 What does love have to do with it? 309 Hanging in for the long haul 310 Chapter 22: Befriending People with BPD 311 Recognizing Warning Signs of BPD 312 Determining When You’re Vulnerable to BPD Influence 315 Detecting Serious Symptoms 316 Handling Friends with BPD 317 What you can do 317 What you can’t do 319 Dealing with Dangerous Situations 321 Ending a BPD Relationship 322 Making your exit 322 Wrangling with guilt 323 Sticking with a Friend Who Has BPD 324 Chapter 23: Parenting Children at Risk for BPD 325 Heeding Early Warning Signs 326 Identifying problem behaviors 327 Pursuing a diagnosis 328 Looking at Risk Factors 329 Finding the Right Help 330 Loving Tough 332 Supporting without fostering 332 Setting limits 333 Dealing with a dangerous or out-of-control child 335 Managing screen time and social media 336 Taking Care of Everyone Else — Including Yourself 337 Parenting Adult Kids with BPD 338 Chapter 24: Advice for Adult Children of BPD Parents 339 Mourning the Perfect Childhood 340 Understanding the impact of BPD on children 340 Reviewing your relationship with your parent 342 Moving on with Your Life 344 Setting boundaries 344 Soliciting support 346 Becoming resilient 346 Chapter 25: Advice for Therapists of People with BPD 347 Detecting BPD in the Early Stages of Therapy 348 Maintaining Objectivity 350 Keeping your therapist ego on the shelf 351 Keeping therapist expectations within bounds 352 Understanding Boundaries 353 Dealing with Boundaries 354 Taking Care of Yourself 358 Part 6: The Part of Tens 361 Chapter 26: Ten Quick Ways to Settle Down 363 Breathing Away Distress 363 Chilling Your Hot Emotions 364 Picking Up Your Pace 364 Massaging Away the Blues 365 Surfing for Distraction 365 Reading (or Listening to) a Great Book 365 Mellowing Out in a Movie 366 Playing to Improve Your Mood 366 Phoning a Friend 366 Getting Outside 367 Chapter 27: Ten Ways to Say You’re Sorry 369 Saying the Words Out Loud 369 Asking for Forgiveness 370 Running an Errand 370 Sending Flowers 371 Sending a Card 371 Doing a Chore 371 Writing Your Thoughts 371 Finding a Poem 372 Sending a Small Gift 372 Making Amends: Giving or Volunteering 372 Chapter 28: Ten Things You Shouldn’t Do 375 Expect Quick Fixes 375 Stay Stuck 376 Choose Chiropractic Medicine 376 Stick Pins and Needles 376 Find a Life Coach 377 Fill Up Emptiness with Food or Drink 377 Try Too Hard 377 Gaze at Crystals 378 Get the Wrong Therapy 378 Hope That Medications Will Cure BPD 379 Appendix: Resources for You 381 Index 385

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface viii About the Editors ix Foreword xi Authors xii Acknowledgements xv Abbreviations xvi About the Companion Website xix Section 1: Developing professionalism 1 1. Think critically, research and publish 3 Girish K. Patel, Andrew Y. Finlay and John R. Ingram 2. How to lead and manage 14 Ruth Murphy and Mahbub M.U. Chowdhury 3. Ethical dilemmas 24 Leila Asfour and Andrew Y. Finlay Section 2: Fundamentals of clinical practice 35 4. Basic science of the skin 37 Lloyd Steele and Edel A. O’Toole 5. Dermatopathology 52 Richard A. Logan 6. Teledermatology 69 William T.N. Hunt and Carolyn Charman 7. Dermoscopy 78 Ausama Atwan 8. Clinical measurement methods 93 Andrew Y. Finlay 9. Global and public health 105 Thomas King and L. Claire Fuller Copyrighted Material Section 3: General dermatology 113 10. Medical dermatology 115 Victoria J. Lewis and Giles Dunnill 11. Paediatric dermatology 139 Lindsay Shaw 12. Infections and infestations 150 Cherng Jong and Roderick Hay 13. Skin cancer 164 Alla M. Altayeb and Richard J. Motley 14. Dermatology for skin of colour 180 Sharon A. Belmo 15. Psychodermatology 197 Anthony Bewley 16. Emergency dermatology 210 Ruwani P. Katugampola Section 4: Therapeutics and procedural dermatology 223 17. Topical therapy 225 Maulina Sharma 18. Systemic therapy 238 Sarah H. Wakelin and Mahbub M.U. Chowdhury 19. Skin surgery 252 S. Walayat Hussain 20. Wound care and dressings 276 Mark Collier and Tamara W. Griffiths 21. Cosmetic dermatology 291 Tamara W. Griffiths 22. Laser therapy 301 Raman Bhutani and Manjunatha Kalavala Section 5: Subspecialty dermatology 311 23. Cutaneous allergy 313 Deirdre A. Buckley and Mahbub M.U. Chowdhury 24. Photosensitivity 332 Tsui Chin Ling and Jean Ayer 25. Phototherapy and photodynamic therapy 346 Sally H. Ibbotson and Robert Dawe 26. Lymphoedema 357 Kristiana Gordon and Peter Mortimer 27. Hair and nail diseases 367 Donna Cummins and Anita Takwale 28. Genital skin diseases 378 Manu Shah and Karen Gibbon 29. Oral medicine 390 Jane Setterfield Key resources and websites 407 Specialty Certificate Exam (SCE): questions 408 Specialty Certificate Exam (SCE): answers 421 Dermatology training and Capabilities in Practice 429 Index 432

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements x Abbreviations xi Glossary of terms used in this book xii About the companion website xxiii 1 Introduction to lifespan nutrition 1 1.1 The lifespan approach to nutrition 1 1.2 The concept of balance 2 1.2.1 A supply and demand model 2 1.2.2 Overnutrition 3 1.2.3 Undernutrition 4 1.2.3.1 Increased demand 4 1.2.3.2 The metabolic response to trauma 4 1.2.3.3 Compromised supply and deficiency 6 1.2.3.4 Malnutrition 7 1.2.4 Classical balance studies 11 1.2.5 Overall nutritional status 12 1.3 The individual response to nutrition 12 1.3.1 Stage of the lifespan 13 1.3.2 Genetics 14 1.4 Personalized nutrition 17 1.5 Assessment of nutritional status 19 1.5.1 Anthropometric measures 19 1.5.2 Estimating dietary intakes 20 1.5.2.1 Indirect measures 20 1.5.2.2 Direct measures 21 1.5.3 Biomarkers of nutritional status 24 1.5.4 Clinical examination 25 1.6 Nutritional epidemiology: understanding diet–disease relationships 26 1.6.1 The importance of the evidence base 26 1.6.2 Nutritional epidemiology 26 1.6.3 Cause and effect 27 1.6.4 Bias and confounding 27 1.6.5 Quantifying the relationship between diet and disease 28 1.6.6 Study designs in nutritional epidemiology 29 1.6.6.1 Ecological studies 31 1.6.6.2 Cross‐sectional studies 32 1.6.6.3 Case–control studies 33 1.6.6.4 Cohort studies 33 1.6.6.5 Randomized controlled trials 33 1.6.6.6 Systematic review and metaanalysis 34 1.6.6.7 Scoping reviews 34 1.7 Dietary reference values 35 1.7.1 The UK dietary reference values system 36 1.7.2 Dietary reference values in other countries 39 2 Before life begins 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Nutrition and female fertility 46 2.2.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility 46 2.2.1.1 The endocrine control of female reproduction 47 2.2.1.2 Disordered reproductive cycling 48 2.2.1.3 Polycystic ovary syndrome 48 2.2.2 Importance of body fat 50 2.2.3 Role of leptin 51 2.2.4 Antioxidant nutrients 53 2.2.5 Caffeine and alcohol 55 2.3 Nutrition and male fertility 56 2.3.1 Determinants of fertility and infertility 56 2.3.2 Obesity 60 2.3.3 Alcohol 61 2.3.4 Zinc 61 2.3.5 Antioxidant nutrients 62 2.3.6 Selenium 63 2.3.7 Phytoestrogens and environmental oestrogens 63 2.3.7.1 Phthalates 64 2.3.7.2 Phytoestrogens 64 2.3.7.3 Pesticides 65 2.4 Preparation for pregnancy 66 2.4.1 Why prepare for pregnancy? 66 2.4.2 Maternal weight management 66 2.4.3 Vitamin A and liver 66 2.4.4 Folic acid and neural tube defects 69 2.4.4.1 Supplementation with folic acid 71 2.4.4.2 Fortification with folic acid 71 3 Pregnancy 79 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Physiological demands of pregnancy 81 3.2.1 Maternal weight gain and body composition changes 81 3.2.2 Blood volume expansion and cardiovascular changes 82 3.2.3 Renal changes 83 3.2.4 Respiratory changes 83 3.2.5 Gastrointestinal changes 84 3.2.6 Metabolic adaptations 84 3.3 Nutrient requirements in pregnancy 85 3.3.1 Energy protein and lipids 85 3.3.2 Micronutrients 87 3.3.2.1 Iron 87 3.3.2.2 Calcium and other minerals 89 3.3.2.3 Vitamin D 90 3.4 Diet in relation to pregnancy outcomes 91 3.4.1 Miscarriage and stillbirth 91 3.4.2 Premature labour 92 3.4.2.1 Prepregnancy body mass index and pregnancy weight gain 92 3.4.2.2 Alcohol and caffeine consumption 94 3.4.2.3 Oral health 96 3.4.3 Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 97 3.4.3.1 The aetiology of pre‐eclampsia 98 3.4.3.2 Nutrition‐related factors and pre‐eclampsia 99 3.4.4 Abnormal labour 101 3.5 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy 102 3.5.1 Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy as a normal physiological process 102 3.5.2 Hyperemesis gravidarum 104 3.6 Cravings and aversions 106 3.6.1 Pica 107 3.7 Gastrointestinal disturbances in pregnancy 108 3.8 High‐risk pregnancies 108 3.8.1 Gestational diabetes 108 3.8.2 Adolescent and older mothers 110 3.8.3 Multiple pregnancies 111 3.8.4 Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders 113 4 Fetal nutrition and disease in later life 123 4.1 Introduction 123 4.2 The developmental origins of adult disease 123 4.2.1 The concept of programming 123 4.2.2 Fetal programming and human disease 125 4.2.2.1 Fetal growth 125 4.2.2.2 Nutrition and the constraint of growth 126 4.2.2.3 Fetal growth health and disease 127 4.3 Evidence linking maternal nutrition to disease in later life 129 4.3.1 Epidemiology 129 4.3.1.1 Association of disease with birth anthropometry 129 4.3.1.2 Maternal nutrition and later disease 131 4.3.1.3 Maternal obesity and later disease 132 4.3.2 Criticisms of the programming hypothesis 133 4.3.3 Experimental studies 134 4.3.3.1 Global undernutrition 136 4.3.3.2 Micronutrients 136 4.3.3.3 Macronutrients 137 4.4 Mechanistic basis of fetal programming 138 4.4.1 Thrifty phenotypes and genotypes 138 4.4.2 Mismatched environments 139 4.4.3 Tissue remodelling 139 4.4.4 Endocrine imbalance 141 4.4.5 Nutrient–gene interactions 144 4.4.5.1 Polymorphisms in humans 144 4.4.5.2 Gene expression in animals 145 4.4.6 Epigenetic regulation 145 4.5 Implications of the developmental origins hypothesis 148 4.5.1 Public health interventions 148 4.5.2 Transgenerational transmission of disease risk 149 5 Lactation and infant feeding 157 5.1 Introduction 157 5.2 The physiology of lactation 157 5.2.1 Anatomy of the breast 157 5.2.1.1 The nipple and areola 157 5.2.1.2 The lactiferous ducts 158 5.2.1.3 The lactiferous sinuses 158 5.2.1.4 The alveolar cells 158 5.2.1.5 The rooting reflex 158 5.2.2 Synthesis of milk 158 5.2.2.1 Foremilk and hindmilk 159 5.2.2.2 Time of day 159 5.2.2.3 Course of lactation 160 5.2.2.4 Synthesis of carbohydrates 160 5.2.2.5 Origins of milk fats 160 5.2.2.6 Milk proteins 161 5.2.3 Endocrine control of lactation 162 5.2.3.1 The breast during pregnancy 162 5.2.3.2 Established lactation 162 5.2.3.3 The breast after weaning 163 5.2.4 Maintenance of lactation 164 5.2.5 Nutritional demands of lactation 164 5.3 The advantages of breastfeeding 165 5.3.1 Advantages for the mother 165 5.3.1.1 Convenience and cost 165 5.3.1.2 Bond with infant 166 5.3.1.3 Recovery from pregnancy 166 5.3.1.4 Long‐term health 167 5.3.2 Advantages for the infant 168 5.3.2.1 Immunoprotection 168 5.3.2.2 Sudden infant death 169 5.3.2.3 Cognitive development 169 5.3.2.4 Obesity 171 5.3.2.5 Atopy 171 5.3.2.6 Milk contaminants 172 5.3.3 Recommendation to breastfeed for six months 173 5.4 Trends in breastfeeding behaviour 174 5.4.1 Reasons why women do not breastfeed 176 5.4.1.1 Cultural factors 176 5.4.1.2 Technique infection and stress 177 5.4.2 Promoting breastfeeding 178 5.5 Situations in which breastfeeding is not advised 179 5.6 Alternatives to breastfeeding 181 5.6.1 Cow’s milk formulas 182 5.6.1.1 Milk stages and follow‐on milk 183 5.6.2 Preterm formulas 184 5.6.3 Soy formulas 185 5.6.4 Hydrolysed protein and amino acid‐based formulas 185 5.6.5 Other formulas 185 6 Nutrition and childhood 191 6.1 Introduction 191 6.2 Infancy (birth to five) 192 6.2.1 The key developmental milestones 192 6.2.2 Nutrient requirements 193 6.2.2.1 Macronutrients and energy 193 6.2.2.2 Micronutrients 196 6.2.3 Nutrient intakes and infants 197 6.2.4 Transition to an adult pattern of food intake 198 6.2.4.1 Complementary feeding 198 6.2.4.2 Nutrition‐related problems 201 6.2.4.3 Barriers to healthy nutrition 206 6.3 Childhood (5–13) 212 6.3.1 Nutrient requirements of the older child 212 6.3.2 School meals and the promotion of healthy eating 213 6.3.3 The importance of breakfast 214 6.4 Obesity in children 215 6.4.1 The rising prevalence of obesity 215 6.4.2 The causes of obesity in childhood 217 6.4.2.1 Physical activity 217 6.4.2.2 Food intake 218 6.4.2.3 Genetic disorders 221 6.4.3 The consequences of childhood obesity 222 6.4.3.1 Immediate health consequences 222 6.4.3.2 Tracking of obesity: consequences for the future 222 6.4.4 Treatment of childhood obesity 224 6.4.5 Prevention of childhood obesity 226 7 Nutrition and adolescence 237 7.1 Introduction 237 7.2 Physical development 237 7.2.1 Growth rate 237 7.2.2 Body composition 238 7.2.3 Puberty and sexual maturation 239 7.2.4 Bone growth 241 7.3 Psychosocial development 244 7.4 Nutritional requirements in adolescence 245 7.4.1 Macronutrients and energy 245 7.4.2 Micronutrients 246 7.5 Nutritional intakes in adolescence 247 7.5.1 Factors that influence food choice 248 7.5.2 Food consumed out of the home 249 7.5.3 Meal skipping and snacking 250 7.6 Potential problems with nutrition 251 7.6.1 Dieting and weight control 251 7.6.2 The teenage vegetarian 253 7.6.3 Sport and physical activity 254 7.6.4 Eating disorders 255 7.6.4.1 Anorexia nervosa 256 7.6.4.2 Bulimia nervosa 257 7.6.5 The pregnant teenager 258 7.6.6 The transgender teenager 260 7.6.7 Alcohol 262 7.6.8 Tobacco smoking 264 7.6.9 Drug abuse 266 8 The adult years 274 8.1 Introduction 274 8.2 Changing needs for nutrients 274 8.3 Guidelines for healthy nutrition 276 8.4 Disease states associated with unhealthy nutrition and lifestyle 279 8.4.1 Obesity 279 8.4.1.1 Classification of overweight and obesity 279 8.4.1.2 Prevalence and trends in obesity 280 8.4.1.3 Causes of obesity in adulthood 281 8.4.1.4 Treatment of obesity 281 8.4.2 Type 2 diabetes 284 8.4.3 The metabolic syndrome 287 8.4.4 Cardiovascular disease 288 8.4.4.1 What is cardiovascular disease? 288 8.4.4.2 Risk factors for cardiovascular disease 290 8.4.4.3 Nutrition‐related factors and risk of cardiovascular disease 291 8.4.5 Cancer 302 8.4.5.1 What is cancer? 302 8.4.5.2 Diet is a modifiable determinant of cancer risk 303 8.4.5.3 Nutritional epidemiology and cancer 305 8.4.5.4 Dietary factors that may promote cancer 309 8.4.5.5 Dietary factors that may reduce cancer risk 316 9 Nutrition ageing and older adults 330 9.1 Introduction 330 9.2 The ageing population 330 9.3 The ageing process 331 9.3.1 Impact on physiological systems 331 9.3.2 Mechanisms of cellular senescence 332 9.3.2.1 Oxidative senescence 332 9.3.2.2 The role of p53 activation 334 9.3.2.3 Telomere shortening 334 9.3.2.4 The Ink4a/ARF axis 335 9.3.3 Nutritional modulation of the ageing process 336 9.3.3.1 Caloric restriction and lifespan 336 9.3.3.2 Fetal programming of lifespan 338 9.3.3.3 Supplementary antioxidants 338 9.4 Nutrient requirements of the elderly 339 9.4.1 Macronutrients and energy 339 9.4.2 Micronutrients 339 9.4.3 Specific guidelines for the elderly 339 9.5 Barriers to healthy nutrition in the elderly 340 9.5.1 Malnutrition and the elderly 340 9.5.2 Poverty 341 9.5.3 Social isolation 342 9.5.4 Education 342 9.5.5 Physical changes 343 9.5.6 Combating malnutrition in the elderly 343 9.6 Common nutrition‐related health problems 345 9.6.1 Bone disorders 345 9.6.1.1 Bone mineralization and remodelling 345 9.6.1.2 Osteoporosis pathology and prevalence 346 9.6.1.3 Risk factors for osteoporosis 347 9.6.1.4 Dietary interventions for osteoporosis prevention 347 9.6.1.5 Paget’s disease of bone 350 9.6.2 Immunity and infection 350 9.6.3 Digestive tract disorders 354 9.6.3.1 Mouth and oesophagus 354 9.6.3.2 Stomach 354 9.6.3.3 Small intestine 354 9.6.3.4 Large intestine 354 9.6.4 Anaemia 355 9.6.4.1 Iron deficiency anaemia 357 9.6.4.2 Vitamin B12 deficiency 357 9.6.4.3 Folate deficiency 358 9.6.4.4 Cognitive impairment and anaemia 359 Appendix An introduction to the nutrients 368 Index 379

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Discovering Depression and Preparing a Plan 5 Chapter 1: Demystifying and Defeating Depression 7 Chapter 2: Detecting Depression 19 Chapter 3: When Bad Things Happen 45 Chapter 4: Breaking Barriers to Change 57 Chapter 5: Finding Help for Depression 79 Part 2: Understanding and Accepting Thoughts and Feelings 95 Chapter 6: Understanding the Thought/Feeling Connection 97 Chapter 7: Defeating Distorted Thinking 109 Chapter 8: Rethinking Thoughts Lurking Behind Depression 127 Chapter 9: Accepting Thoughts and Feelings 151 Chapter 10: Thinking the Worst: Suicide 171 Part 3: Taking Action Against Depression 185 Chapter 11: Getting Out of Bed 187 Chapter 12: Working Out to Lift Depression 199 Chapter 13: Rediscovering Healthy Pleasures 209 Chapter 14: Solving Life’s Headaches 221 Part 4: Rebuilding Connections 239 Chapter 15: Working Through Loss, Grief, and Mourning 241 Chapter 16: Relationship Enhancement 255 Part 5: Fighting the Physical Foe: Biological Therapies 271 Chapter 17: Prescribing Pleasure 273 Chapter 18: Hype, Help, or Hope? Alternative Treatments for Depression 291 Part 6: Looking Beyond Depression 301 Chapter 19: Reducing the Risk of Relapse 303 Chapter 20: Mending Your Memory 317 Chapter 21: Pursuing Happiness 327 Part 7: The Part of Tens 343 Chapter 22: Ten Ways Out of a Bad Mood 345 Chapter 23: Ten Ways to Help Kids with Depression 349 Chapter 24: Ten Ways to Help a Friend or Lover with Depression 355 Appendix: Resources for You 361 Index 365

Read more less

Book SynopsisHandbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine Discover a concise overview of the most common oral diseases in a reader-friendly book Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine delivers a succinct overview of a range of oral diseases. The book contains up-to-date evidence-based information organized by clinical topic and supported by over 300 clinical, radiological, and microscopic images. Each chapter includes topics following universally respected curricula of oral pathology and oral medicine. Divided into seven parts, it covers core topics such as pathology of teeth, pulp, and supporting structures, pathology of jawbones, pathology of the oral mucosa, pathology of the salivary glands, clinical presentation of mucosal disease, orofacial pain, and miscellaneous topics of clinical relevance. Written for undergraduate dental students, dental hygienists and oral health therapists, Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine is an ideal quick reference and is also useful to dental educatTable of ContentsForeword Preface Acknowledgements Standard Abbreviations Terminology used in oral pathology and oral medicine PART 1. PATHOLOGY OF TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES 1. Disorders of tooth development and eruption 1. 1. Anodontia, hypodontia and oligodontia 1. 2. Hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) 1.3. Microdontia and macrodontia 1.4. Gemination, fusion and concrescence 1.5. Taurodontism and dilaceration 1.6. Amelogenesis imperfecta 1.7. Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1.8. Dentinal dysplasia 1.9. Regional odontodysplasia 1.10. Delayed tooth eruption 1.11. Tooth impaction 1.12. Dens invaginatus and dens evaginatus 1.13. Fluorosis 1.14. Tetracycline induced discolouration of teeth 1.15. Enamel pearl, 1.16. Talon cusp 1.17. Hutchinson’s incisors and mulberry molars 1.18. Tooth ankylosis 1.19. Supernumerary roots 2. Dental caries 2.1. Definition/description 2.2. Incidence/prevalence 2.3. Aetiology/risk factors/pathogenesis 2.4. Classification of caries 2.5. Clinical features 2.5.1. Primary caries 2.5.2. Secondary caries 2.5.3. Arrested caries 2.5.4. Rampant caries 2.5.5. Early childhood caries 2.5.6. Methamphetamine-induced caries (MIC) 2.5.7. Radiation caries 2.6. Differential diagnosis 2.7. Diagnosis 2.8. Microscopic features of enamel caries 2.9. Microscopic features of dentinal carries 2.10. Management 2.11. Prevention 3. Diseases of the pulp and apical periodontal tissues Classification of diseases of the pulp and apical periodontal tissues 3.1. Pulpitis 3.2. Apical periodontitis and periapical granuloma 3.3. Apical Abscess 3.4. Condensing osteitis 4. Tooth wear, pathological resorption of teeth, hypercementosis and cracked tooth syndrome 4.1. Tooth wear: Attrition, Abrasion, Erosion and Abfraction 4.2. Pathological resorption of teeth 4.3. Hypercementosis 4.4. Cracked tooth syndrome 5. Gingival and periodontal diseases. Classification of gingival and periodontal diseases 5.1. Gingivitis: Chronic gingivitis 5.2. Necrotizing periodontal diseases 5.3. Plasma cell gingivitis 5.4. Foreign body gingivitis 5.5. Desquamative gingivitis 5.6. Chronic periodontitis 5.7. Aggressive periodontitis 5.8. Fibrous epulis 5.9. Peripheral ossifying/cementifying fibroma 5.10. Peripheral giant cell granuloma 5.11. Angiogranuloma: Pyogenic granuloma and pregnancy epulis 5.12. Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia 5.13. Generalized gingival hyperplasia in pregnancy 5.14. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia 5.15. Familial gingival hyperplasia 5.16. Gingival and periodontal abscesses 5.17. Pericoronitis/pericoronal abscess 5.18. Gingival enlargement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) 5.19. Gingival enlargement in leukaemia 5.20. Gingival enlargement in ascorbic acid deficiency PART 2. PATHOLOGY OF JAW BONES 6. Infections and necrosis of the jaws 6.1. Acute suppurative osteomyelitis 6.2. Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis 6.3. Sclerosing osteomyelitis 6.4. Proliferative periosteitis (Garre’s osteomyelitis) 6.5. Actinomycosis 6.6. Cervicofacial cellulitis (Cervicofacial space infections) 6.7. Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) 6.8. Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) 7. Cysts of the jaws 7.1. Radicular cyst, Lateral radicular cyst, and Residual radicular cyst 7.2. Dentigerous cyst 7.3. Eruption cyst 7.4. Odontogenic keratocyst 7.5. Lateral periodontal cyst 7.6. Calcifying odontogenic cyst 7.7. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst 7.8. Glandular odontogenic cyst 7.9. Nasopalatine duct cyst 7.10. Pseudocysts of the jaws: Solitary bone cyst, Aneurysmal bone cyst, and Stafne’s bone cyst 7.11. Nasolabial cyst 8. Odontogenic tumours of the jaws Classification of odontogenic tumours 8.1. Ameloblastoma 8.2. Unicystic ameloblastoma 8.3. Squamous odontogenic tumour 8.4. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour 8.5. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour 8.6. Ameloblastic fibroma 8.7. Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontome 8.8. Odontome (Odontoma) 8.9. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumour 8.10. Odontogenic myxoma 8.11. Odontogenic fibroma 8.12. Cementoblastoma 9. Non-odontogenic benign and malignant tumours of the jaws 9.1. Osteoma 9.2. Multiple osteomas in Gardner’s syndrome 9.3. Central haemangioma 9.4. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy 9.5. Osteosarcoma 9.6. Chondrosarcoma 9.7. Ewing’s sarcoma 9.8. Multiple myeloma 9.9. Solitary plasmacytoma 9.10. Burkitt’s lymphoma 10. Fibro-osseous and related lesions of the jaws 10.1. Ossifying fibroma/Cemento-ossifying fibroma 10.2 Cemento-osseous dysplasias: 10.2.1. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.2. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.3. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.4. Familial gigantiform cementoma 10.3. Central giant cell granuloma 11. Genetic, metabolic, and other non-neoplastic bone diseases 11.1. Osteogenesis imperfecta 11.2. Cleidocranial dysplasia 11.3. Cherubism 11.4. Gigantism and acromegaly 11.5. Hyperparathyroidism (Brown tumour) 11.6. Paget’s disease of bone 11.7. Fibrous dysplasia and McCune Albright syndrome 11.8. Mandibular and palatine tori 11.9. Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD) PART 3. PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL MUCOSA 12. Developmental anomalies and anatomical variants of oral soft tissues 12.1. Fordyce granules 12.2. Double lip 12.3. Leukoedema 12.4. Ankyloglossia 12.5. Geographic tongue 12.6. Hairy tongue 12.7. Fissured tongue 12.8. Lingual thyroid 12.9. Microglossia and macroglossia 12.10. Bifid tongue 12.11. Bifid uvula 12.12. Cleft lip 12.13. Caliber persistent artery 12.14. Epstein pearls and Bohn’s nodules 12.15. Dermoid and Epidermoid cysts 12.16. Oral varicosities 12.17. Lymphoid aggregates 12.18. Parotid papilla 12.19. Circumvallate papillae 12.20. Physiological pigmentation 13 Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa 13.1. Scarlet fever 13.2. Syphilis 13.3. Gonorrhoea 13.4. Tuberculosis 14. Fungal infections of the oral mucosa 14.1. Candidosis: 14.1.1. Pseudomembranous candidosis 14.1.2. Erythematous candidosis 14.1.3. Angular cheilitis 14.1.4. Denture stomatitis 14.1.5. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (Candida leukoplakia) 14.1.6. Median rhomboid glossitis 14.2. Histoplasmosis 14.3. Blastomycosis 15. Viral infections of the oral mucosa 15.1. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 15.2. Herpes labialis (Secondary herpes infection) 15.3. Varicella (Chicken pox) 15.4. Herpes zoster (Shingles) 15.5. Infectious mononucleosis 15.6. Oral hairy leukoplakia 15.7. Cytomegalovirus infection 15.8. Herpangina 15.9. Hand-foot and mouth disease 15.10. Squamous papilloma 15.11. Condyloma acuminatum 15.12. Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia 15.13. Verruca vulgaris 15.14. Measles 16. Non-infective inflammatory disorders of the oral mucosa 16.1. Recurrent aphthous ulcers (Recurrent aphthous stomatitis) 16.2. Oral lichen planus 16.3. Oral lichenoid reactions 16.4. Pemphigus vulgaris 16.5. Mucous membrane pemphigoid 16.6. Erythema multiforme 16.7. Lupus erythematosus 16.8. Traumatic ulcer 16.9. Oral lesions in Behcet’s disease 16.10. Oral lesions in Crohn’s disease 16.11. Oral lesions in reactive arthritis (Reiter’s disease) 16.12. Uremic stomatitis 16.13. Chronic ulcerative stomatitis 16.14. Radiation-induced mucositis 16.15. Medication-induced oral ulceration 16.16. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 17. Non- neoplastic mucosal swellings 17.1. Irritation fibroma 17.2. Denture induced granuloma 17.3. Fibrous epulis/ peripheral fibroma/ fibrous polyp 17.4. Pyogenic granuloma 17.5. Peripheral giant cell granuloma 17.6. Peripheral ossifying fibroma 17.7. Traumatic neuroma 17.8. Squamous papilloma 17.9. Congenital epulis 18. Benign neoplasms of the oral mucosa 18.1. Lipoma 18.2. Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) 18.3. Granular cell tumour 18.4. Haemangioma 18.5. Lymphangioma 18.6. Leiomyoma 18.7. Rhabdomyoma 19. Oral potentially malignant disorders 19.1. Erythroplakia 19.2. Leukoplakia 19.3. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis 19.4. Palatal lesions in reverse smokers 19.5. Oral lichen planus 19.6. Oral submucous fibrosis 19.7. Oral lichenoid lesion 19.8. Discoid Lupus erythematosus 19.9. Actinic keratosis 19.10. Graft versus host disease 19.11. Dyskeratosis congenita !9.12. Sublingual keratosis 19.13. Syphilitic leukoplakia 19.14. Darrier’s disease 20. Malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa 20.1. Squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma 20.2. Melanoma 20.3. Kaposi’s sarcoma 20.4. Fibrosarcoma 20.5. Rhabdomyosarcoma 20.6. Leiomyosarcoma PART 4. PATHOLOGY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS 21. Non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases 21.1. Salivary calculi 21.2. Mucoceles 21.3. Sjögren’s syndrome 21.4. Sialadenitis 21.5. Necrotizing sialometaplasia 22. Salivary gland neoplasms WHO classification of Salivary Gland Tumours 22.1. Pleomorphic adenoma 22.2. Warthin’s tumour 23.3. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 23.4. Adenoid cystic carcinoma PART 5. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF MUCOSAL DISEASE 23. White lesions of the oral mucosa 23.1. Actinic cheilitis 23.2. Chemical burn 23.3. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis 23.4. Darier’s disease (Darier-White disease) 23.5. Dyskeratosis congenita 23.6. Fordyce spots 23.7. Frictional keratosis 23.8. Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis 23.9. Leukoedema 23.10. Leukoplakia 23.11. Oral hairy leukoplakia 23.12. Oral lichen planus 23.13. Oral squamous cell carcinoma 23.14. Pseudomembranous candidosis 23.15. Smokeless tobacco induced keratosis 23.16. Smoker’s keratosis 23.17. Sublingual keratosis 23.18. Syphilitic leukoplakia 23.19. Verrucous carcinoma 23.20. White hairy tongue 23.21. White sponge nevus 24. Red and purple lesions of the oral mucosa 24.1. Contact stomatitis 24.2. Desquamative gingivitis 24.3. Erythema migrans 24.4. Erythema multiforme 24.5. Erythematous candidosis 24.6. Erythroplakia 24.7. Haemangioma 24.8. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 24.9. Infectious mononucleosis 24.10. Kaposi’s sarcoma 24.11. Linear gingival erythema 24.12. Lupus erythematosus 24.13. Median rhomboid glossitis 24.14. Mucosal ecchymosis, haematoma and petechiae 24.15. Plasma cell gingivitis 24.16. Port wine nevus 24.17. Radiation mucositis 24.18. Thermal erythema 25. Blue, black, and brown lesions of the oral mucosa 25.1. Addison’s disease 25.2. Amalgam tattoo 25.3. Black and brown hairy tongue 25.4. Drug induced pigmentation 25.5. Heavy metal pigmentation 25.6. Laugier-Hunziker syndrome 25.7. Melanoma 25.8. Melanotic macule 25.9. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 25.10. Physiologic pigmentation 25.11. Pigmented nevi 25.12. Smoker’s melanosis 26. Vesiculobullous lesions of the oral mucosa 26.1. Angina bullosa haemorrhagica 26.2. Bullous lichen planus 26.3. Dermatitis herpetiformis 26.4. Epidermolysis bullosa 26.5. Hand-Foot and Mouth disease 26.6. Herpes zoster 26.7. Mucous membrane pemphigoid 26.8. Pemphigus vulgaris 26.9. Primary herpetic stomatitis 26.10. Secondary (recurrent) herpetic stomatitis (Herpes labialis) 27. Ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa 27.1. Oral ulceration in agranulocytosis 27.2. Oral ulceration in Behcet’s disease 27.3. Oral ulceration in celiac disease 27.4. Chronic ulcerative stomatitis 27.5. Oral ulceration in Crohn’s disease 27.6. Oral ulceration in cyclic neutropenia 27.7. Cytomegalovirus ulcers 27.8. Eosinophilic ulcer 27.9. Gangrenous stomatitis 27.10. Necrotizing sialometaplasia 27.11. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 27.12. Reactive arthritis 27.13. Recurrent aphthous ulcers 27.14. Squamous cell carcinoma presenting as an ulcer 27.15. Syphilitic ulcers 27.16. Traumatic ulcer 27.17. Tuberculous ulcer 27.18. Oral ulceration in ulcerative colitis 28. Papillary lesions of the oral mucosa 28.1. Condyloma acuminatum 28.2. Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease) 28.3. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 28.4. Squamous papilloma 28.5. Squamous cell carcinoma 28.6. Verruca vulgaris (oral warts) 28.7. Verrucous Carcinoma PART 6. OROFACIAL PAIN 29. Orofacial pain 29.1. Odontogenic orofacial pain 29.1.1. Pain of reversible pulpitis and dentine hypersensitivity 29.1.2. Pain of irreversible pulpitis 29.1. 3. Pain of periodontitis or infected root canals 29.1.4. Pain of fractured or cracked tooth 29.1.5. Pain of spreading odontogenic infection without severe or systemic features 29.1.6. Cellulitis/Ludwig’s angina with systemic features 29.1.7. Pain of dry socket 29.2. Neuropathic orofacial pain 29.2.1. Trigeminal neuralgia 29.2.2. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia 29.2.3. Postherpetic neuralgia 29.2.4. Burning mouth syndrome 29.3. Other conditions with orofacial pain 29.3.1. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 29.3.2. Temporomandibular joint disorders 29.3. 3. Atypical facial pain 29.3. 4. Migraine 29. 3.5. Sinusitis 29.3. 6. Temporal arteritis 29.3. 7. Cardiogenic jaw pain 29.3. 8. Pain of sialolithiasis PART 7. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE 30. Oral manifestations of systemic disorders 30.1. Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver disorders 30.1.1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 30.1. 2. Bulimia and nervosa 30.1. 3. Crohn’s disease 30.1.4. Ulcerative colitis 30.1.5. Celiac disease 30.1.6. Irritable bowel syndrome 30.1.7. Alcoholic liver disease 30.1.8. Liver cirrhosis 30.2. Oral manifestations of cardiovascular disease 30.2.1. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction 30.2.2. Congenital heart disease 30.2.3. Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis 30.2.4. Hypertension 30.3. Oral manifestations of respiratory disease 30.3.1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 30.3.2 Lung abscess and bronchiectasis 30.3.3. Pulmonary tuberculosis 30.3.4. Cystic fibrosis 30.4. Oral Manifestations of Kidney diseases 30.4.1. Chronic renal failure 30.4.2. Nephrotic syndrome 30.4.3. Patients on kidney dialysis: Dental considerations 30.5. Oral Manifestations of endocrine and metabolic disorders 30.5.1. Hyperthyroidism 30.5.2. Hypothyroidism 30.5.3. Hyperpituitarism 30.5.4. Hypopituitarism 30.5.5. Diabetes insipidus 30.5.6. Addison’s disease 30.5.7. Cushing syndrome 30.5.8. Diabetes mellitus 30.5.9. Hypocalcaemia 30.5.10. Hypercalcaemia 30.6. Oral Manifestations of nervous system disorders 30.6.1. Stroke 30.6.2. Epilepsy 30.6.3. Parkinson’s disease 30.6.4. Multiple sclerosis 30.6.5. Myasthenia gravis 30.6.6. Bell’s palsy 30.7. Oral manifestations of hematologic disorders 30.7.1. Anaemia 30.7.2. Thrombocytopenia 30.7.3. Haemophilia 30.7.4. Multiple myeloma 30.7.5. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 30.7.6. Burkitt’s lymphoma 36.7.7. Leukaemia 30.8. Oral manifestations of immune system disorders 30.8.1. Allergic mucositis 30.8.2. Angioedema 30.8.3. Sjogren’s syndrome 30.8.4. Temporal arteritis 30.8.5. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) 30.8.6. Behcet’s disease 31. Systemic diseases associated with periodontal infections 31.1. Cardiovascular disease 31.2. Coronary heart disease 31.3. Infective endocarditis 31.4. Bacterial pneumonia 31.5. Low birth weight 31.6. Diabetes mellitus 32. Other signs and symptoms related to the oral environment 32.1. Halitosis 32.2. Taste disturbances 32.3. Dry mouth (Xerostomia)Trismus 32.4. Sialorrhea 32.5. Trismus 32.8. Basic facts and oral manifestations associated with Covid-19 infection 33. Outline of diagnostic procedures employed in oral pathology and oral medicine 33.1. History 33.2. Clinical examination 33.3. Clinical differential diagnosis 33.4. Biopsy: Histopathology, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry 33.5. Special tests: Polymerase chain reaction and In situ hybridization 33.6. Microbiology: Smears, swabs, oral rinse, culture tests and antibiotic sensitivity tests 33.7. Molecular biological investigations 33.8. Blood tests: Haematology, serology, clinical chemistry, 33.9. Imaging: Intraoral views, skull radiography, OPG, CBCT, digital imaging, CT scan, MRI and diagnostic ultrasound, 33.10. Other tests: Urine for diabetes and Bence-Jones Protein estimation for myeloma Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisCORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) Provides comprehensive coverage of all key aspects of COVID-19, including: etiology, diagnosis, symptomatology, management, and treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Clinical Guide provides healthcare professionals at all levels with up-to-date knowledge about the clinical, epidemiological, genomic, virological, and radiologic features of COVID-19. Consolidating multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses into a single volume, this comprehensive textbook also addresses health policies, mass casualty planning, healthcare worker safety, economic impact, lessons for future outbreaks, and other para-clinical and social aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The text presents a thorough summary and critical analysis of COVID-19 based on an exhaustive review of recently published literature and data. Topics include the virologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations aTable of ContentsList of Contributors x Preface xvii 1 COVID-19: Epidemiology 1Phillip Quiroz, George W. Rutherford, and Michael P. Dube 2 COVID-19: Virology 22Saeideh Najafi, Salar Tofighi, and Juliana Sobczyk 3 COVID-19: Laboratory/Serologic Diagnostics 34Desmond Chin, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Juliana Sobczyk, Mobin Azami, Michael Jovan Repajic, and Michael P. Dube 4 COVID-19: Radiologic Diagnosis 61Brian P. Pogatchnik, Wakana Murakami, and Shabnam Mortazavi 5 COVID-19: Pathology Perspective 101Elham Hatami, Hana Russo, and Grace Y. Lin 6 COVID-19: Immunology 112Yasaswi V. Vengalasetti, Niyousha Naderi, Christian Vega, Akhilesh Kumar, and Andrew T. Catanzaro 7 COVID-19: Presentation and Symptomatology 125Jacek Czubak, Karolina Stolarczyk, Marcin Fraczek, Katarzyna Resler, Anna Orzel, Wojciech Flieger, and Tomasz Zatonìski 8 COVID-19: Risk Stratification 149Dominique Duncan, Rachael Garner, and Yujia Zhang 9 COVID-19: Outpatient Management in Adults 165Michael P. Dubé 10 COVID-19: Inpatient Management 182Angelena Lopez, Yuri Matusov, Isabel Pedraza, Victor Tapson, Jeremy Falk, and Peter Chen 11 COVID-19: ICU and Critical Care Management 233Daniel Crouch, Alexandra Rose, Cameron McGuire, Jenny Yang, Mazen Odish, and Amy Bellinghausen 12 COVID-19 in Pediatrics 255Erlinda R. Ulloa, Kaidi He, Erin Chung, Delma Nieves, David E. Michalik, and Behnoosh Afghani 13 Pharmacologic Therapeutics for COVID-19 290Amanda M. Burkhardt, Angela Lu, Isaac Asante, and Stan Louie 14 Co-infections and Secondary Infections in COVID-19 Pneumonia 319Sanaz Katal, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Amit Gupta, Sean K. Johnston, Lucia Flors, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad 15 COVID-19: Neurology Perspective 339Kiandokht Keyhanian, Raffaella Pizzolato Umeton, Babak Mohit, Brooke McNeilly, and Mehdi Ghasemi 16 COVID-19: Cardiology Perspective 361Michael DiVita, Meshe Chonde, Megan Kamath, Darko Vucicevic, Ashley M. Fan, Arnold S. Baas, and Jeffrey J. Hsu 17 COVID-19: Oncologic and Hematologic Considerations 389Diana L. Hanna, Caroline I. Piatek, Binh T. Ngo, and Heinz-Josef Lenz 18 COVID-19: Dermatology Perspective 409Sabha Mushtaq, Fabrizio Fantini, and Sebastiano Recalcati 19 COVID-19: Ophthalmology Perspective 417Hashem Al-Marzouki, Benjamin P. Hammond, Wendy W. Huang, and Angela N. Buffenn 20 COVID-19: Nutrition Perspectives 428Emma J. Ridley, Lee-anne S. Chapple, Aidan Burrell, Kate Fetterplace, Amy Freeman-Sanderson, Andrea P. Marshall, and Ary Serpa Neto 21 COVID-19: Nursing Perspective 454Michelle Zappas, Dalia Copti, Cynthia Sanchez, Janett A. Hildebrand, and Sharon O'Neill 22 COVID-19 Vaccination 472Anurag Singh, Simran P. Kaur, Mohd Fardeen Husain Shahanshah, Bhawna Sharma, Vijay K. Chaudhary, Sanjay Gupta, and Vandana Gupta 23 Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Imaging Findings 494Shadi Asadollahi, Liesl S. Eibschutz, Sanaz Katal, Vorada Sakulsaengprapha, Yasaswi Vengalasetti, Nikoo Saeedi, Sean K. Johnston, and Jennifer H. Johnston 24 COVID-19: Long-Term Pulmonary Consequences 515Liesl S. Eibschutz, Tianyuan Fu, Boniface Yarabe, Narges Jokar, Sanaz Katal, Charlotte Sackett, Michael Repajic, and Ching-Fei Chang 25 Psychological Effects and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients 539Elpitha Sakka, Arturas Kalniunas, Elzbieta Vitkauskaite, Wala Salman, Subhana Chaudhri, and Sofia Pappa 26 Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals 554Liesl S. Eibschutz, Charlotte Sackett, Vorada Sakulsaengprapha, Masoomeh Faghankhani, Glenn Baumann, and Sofia Pappa 27 COVID-19: Ethical Considerations in Clinical Practice 580Kiarash Aramesh 28 Racial, Ethnic, and Other Disparities in the Epidemiology and Care of COVID-19 586Liesl S. Eibschutz, Charlotte Sackett, Kalpana Dave, Sarah Cherukury, Christian Vega, Mauricio Bueno, and Hector Flores 29 Global Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems 615Liesl S. Eibschutz, Alexander A. Bruckhaus, Alexis Bennett, Dominique Duncan, Charlotte Sackett, Kalpana Dave, Sarah Cherukury, Victoria Uram, and Calvin M. Smith 30 COVID-19: Mass Casualty Planning 651Lee Myers Index 658

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisPROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DENTISTRY Concise guide to practical information on dental law, ethics, and practice management, all tailored to any dental practice Professional Responsibility in Dentistry, Second Edition is a clinically oriented guide to legal and ethical requirements in a dental practice. This thoroughly revised new edition takes a practical approach, providing examples and case studies of situations that dentists may face, with discussions of dental law, risk management, professionalism, and ethics as they relate to each situation. Divided into four sections to allow for comprehensive and accessible coverage of the subject, the Second Edition adds new chapters on taking practices to the next level and how to read a profit and loss statement, as well as offering updates and new information throughout. Professional Responsibility in Dentistry provides key information on: Lawsuits, including the effects of losing one, the regulation of dentistry, and definitions ofTable of ContentsContents Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Author xiv Part I Legal Concepts 1 1 The Lawsuit 3 True Case 1: Miscarriage due to endodontics 3 The Complaint 3 True Case 2: Changing the chart 4 True Case 3: Saving the case for trial 5 Examination before Trial 5 The Results 6 References 7 2 The Regulation of Dentistry 8 True Case 4: Dental state board case of fractured porcelain 9 Federal Oversight 10 OSHA 10 True Case 5: OSHA 12 FDA/DEA/EPA 12 NPDB 13 HIPAA 13 True Case 6: Ransomware 15 TCPA 16 True Case 7: Unsolicited texts 16 Licensure 17 Continuing Education 17 I-Stop (Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing) 18 Permits 18 Professional Misconduct and Unprofessional Conduct 19 True Case 8: Forfeit of license 20 True Case 9: Lost his license 20 Auxiliary Personnel 20 True Case 10: Assistant extracted tooth 21 Advertising 22 True Case 11: Dental society denial 23 Federal False Claims Act 23 True Case 12: Fraudulent billing 24 References 25 3 Definitions and Legal Concepts 27 Negligence 27 True Case 13: Amalgam tattoo – melanoma 28 True Case 14: Divorce due to paresthesia 29 True Case 15 (True Case 1 Revisited): Lawsuit due to dentist’s criticism 29 Definitions 29 True Case 16: Tennessee case Tolliver v. Gamble 32 References 32 Part II The Practice of Dentistry 33 4 The Doctor–Patient Relationship 35 Basis for Relationship 35 True Case 17: Food for fillings 35 Fiduciary Duty 36 Types of Realtionships 36 When Does It Begin 37 Duties of Doctor and Patient 37 Patient Relationships 38 When Does It End 39 True Case 18: No pay, no crown 39 References 39 5 May You Refuse to Treat? 40 Pandemics (COVID-19) 41 True Case 19: Patient demand 41 References 41 6 The Medical–Dental History 42 True Case 20: Only Boniva 42 Other Needed Information 43 True Case 21: Only heart surgery 44 Barriers 44 Reference 44 7 Patient Abuse 45 Definitions 45 Reporting Child Abuse 46 True Case 22: Child neglect 47 Elder Abuse 47 Signs of Abuse 48 Failure to Report Patient Abuse 48 Domestic Partner Abuse 49 References 49 8 Informed Consent 50 What Needs to Be Done 50 True Case 23: Implants include the teeth 51 Information Needed 51 Consent 52 True Case 24: Signed consent? Forgery 53 Competency 53 True Case 25: Two for one 54 Exceptions 55 True Case 26: Teenage pregnancy 55 Types of Consent 55 True Case 27: Lawyer threatens: write off patient’s balance or be sued 56 References 57 9 Records 58 True Case 28: $300,000 Night Guard 58 Record Entries 59 Electronic Records 60 True Case 29: Corporate greed 61 Release of Records 62 Texting 63 Teledentistry 64 HIPAA 64 Retention of Records 65 References 65 10 Statute of Limitations 67 When to Tell the Patient 67 Exceptions 68 True Case 30: Never fitting denture 68 Reference 69 11 Abandonment 70 Types of Abandonment 70 Avoiding Abandonment 71 True Case 31: No Money – No Teeth 71 Proper Termination 72 Release of All Claims/Anti-defamation Clauses 73 True Case 32: Patient outsmarts dentist 73 References 73 12 Standard of Care 75 How It Began 75 Challenges 81 References 81 13 Peer Review 83 True Case 33: Peer review 84 References 84 14 Risk Management 85 True Case 34: Too many “near misses” 86 The Dos and Don’ts of Risk Management 87 Collections 90 If You Are Sued 91 True Case 35: (True Case 6 revisited): Dentist leaves state 91 True Case 36: (True Case 2 revisited): Changing the chart 92 Practice Enhancement Through Risk Management 93 True Case 37: Who knows what is going on? 94 The Examination 94 References 97 15 Employees and Associates 98 Hiring and Firing 99 True Case 38: Extra-long vacation 99 Unemployment 100 True Case 39: Just eight hours count 100 Staff Snafus/Problems 101 True Case 40: Embezzlement 101 Harassment 102 True Case 41: Looks too good 102 References 102 Part III Professionalism and Ethics 103 16 Professionalism 105 Professional Obligations 105 Learning Professionalism 107 Professionalism Boundaries 108 Leadership 109 References 110 17 Ethics 112 Code of Ethics 113 True Case 42: Patient doesn’t want referral 114 True Case 43: I don’t want my teeth 114 True Case 44: Fractured porcelain 117 Teaching Dental Ethics 117 True Case 45: No pay, no treatment 118 Ethical Challenges 118 Decision Making 119 References 119 18 Professional Ethical Situations Based on True Cases 121 Part IV New Dentist Issues 125 19 Associateships 127 Noncompete/Restrictive Convenants 128 True Case 46: Dentist reopened next door 129 True Case 47: Dentist takes all patient records to new office 129 Trade Secrets 129 Compensation 130 True Case 48: Buy what you built? 131 True Case 49: Earn your pay 131 Dental Service Organization (DSO) 132 References 133 20 Starting or Buying a Practice 134 True Case 50: Do you see me now? 134 Location 134 True Case 51: You can run but you can’t hide 135 Transfer/Setup Considerations 135 True Case 52: Poof! You’re moving 137 Show Me the Money 137 True Case 53: Bankrupt 138 Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss 139 Insurance Needed 141 References 143 21 Marketing for a Successful Practice 144 Ethical Advertising 145 Competition for Patients 148 Fee Splitting 149 True Case 54: Keeping it in the family 149 The Logo 150 True Case 55: Keep the patients coming 150 Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) 150 True Case 56: Insurance company approves treatment but then doesn’t pay 152 Collections 153 References 154 22 Social Media 156 Types and Characterizations of Social Media 156 You Posted It, You Own It 157 True Case 57: Can’t stop you from posting it 158 True Case 58: Oh yes I can stop you from posting it 158 Is It Working? 158 References 159 23 Co-diagnosing and Gaining the Patient’s Trust 160 Types of Patients 160 Making the Appointment 161 Patient Motivation 161 True case 59: Denture time 162 Co-diagnosing With the Patient 162 Reference 164 24 Employee Management 165 True Case 60: Please believe me 166 Testing the Waters 166 Office Culture Integration 166 The Paperwork 168 True Case 61: Dr. Chadwick v. Board of Registration in Dentistry (MASS) 168 Evaluation and Appreciation 168 Reference 171 25 Multispecialty Practice 172 The Set Up 172 Who’s Next 173 True Case 62: I want to pay more 174 Show Me the Money 174 26 Forms 177 General Release for Dental Treatment 177 Consent for Pulpal Debridement and Endodontic Treatment 178 Consent for Oral Surgery 179 Consent for Periodontal Surgery 180 General Consent for Surgical and Invasive Procedures 181 Refusal of Treatment / Referral 182 Termination Letter 183 What You Should Know about Financing Your Dental Treatment 184 Authorization for Release of Dental Records 185 Photography Authorization 186 Release of All Claims 187 Anti-defamation Clause 188 Epidemic/Pandemic Dental Treatment Information Form 189 Index 190

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xvii List of Abbreviations xix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 The Basic Physics of Ultrasound 5 Sound Waves 5 Describing Waves 9 Energy in a Sound Wave 11 Ultrasound Pulses 12 Energy Spectrum of a Pulse 13 Bandwidth 14 Speed of Sound (C) 16 Characteristic Acoustic Impedance, Z0 20 Energy in a Sound Wave 22 Decibels 23 Chapter 2 The Interaction of Ultrasound with Tissue 25 Reflection and Transmission at a Plane Interface 25 Poor Visualisation 29 Scattering 30 Attenuation 34 The Journey of the Ultrasound Pulse 37 User Control 37 References 38 Chapter 3 Beam Shapes 39 Simple Beam Shape Model 40 Huygen’s Wavelet Model and Diffraction 43 Focusing 44 Beam Forming with Transducer Arrays 47 Beam Steering 50 Electronic Focusing 52 Resolution 54 Clutter 58 Reference 58 Chapter 4 The Ultrasound Probe 59 The Transducer 59 Backing Layer 62 Matching Layer 63 Front Face Lens 65 Wide Band Transducers 65 Construction of an Array 66 CMUT Technology 66 1-D, 1.5-D, and 2-D Arrays 68 References 72 Chapter 5 Image Formation 73 Image Modes 74 Linear Image Formation 76 3D Imaging 80 Cine Loop 82 Endoprobes 82 Choosing A Probe 84 Focusing 84 Increasing Frame Rate 86 User Control 86 Ultrasound Harmonics 89 Coded Excitation 92 References 94 Chapter 6 The B-Mode Scanner 95 Transmission Side of a Scanner 95 User Controls 96 Receive Side of a Scanner (Rx) 97 Advantages of Digitising 101 Dynamic Range and Transfer Function (Greyscale Mapping) 102 Contrast Resolution 106 User Controls 106 Image Memory 106 Frame Freeze 106 Read and Write Zoom 107 Image Processing 108 User Control 108 Chapter 7 Image Quality and Artefacts 111 Acoustic Window 111 Frame Rate: Frames Per Second (fps) 112 Interlacing Scan Lines 113 Interpolation – Writing in ‘Extra Lines’ 114 Speckle 115 Frame Averaging or Persistence 116 User Control 117 Spatial Compound Imaging 117 Adaptive Filtering 118 Artefacts 122 Speed of Sound Artefacts 122 Attenuation Artefacts 127 Reflection Artefacts 130 Anisotropy 134 Beam Shape Artefacts 135 Temporal Artefacts 137 Final Example 139 References 140 Chapter 8 Principles of Doppler Ultrasound 141 The Doppler Effect 141 The Doppler Equation 143 Duplex Ultrasound 144 CW Doppler 145 CW Doppler Summary 152 Pulsed Wave Doppler (PW Doppler) and Range Gating 152 Intrinsic Spectral Broadening (ISB) 160 Question: What Doppler Angle Should We Use? 162 User Controls 163 Peak Velocity Envelope 165 Average Velocity 167 Doppler Artefacts 170 References 173 Chapter 9 Principles of Colour Doppler Ultrasound 175 Autocorrelation 177 Colour Scale 180 Frame Rate 181 User Controls 181 CDU and the Doppler Angle 183 Colour Aliasing 183 User Controls 185 Discrimination of Stationary Targets 187 User Controls 188 Power Doppler (PD) 188 CDU Artefacts 190 Colour Sensitivity 192 Presets 194 Colour M-Mode 194 Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) 194 Myocardial Strain Imaging 197 Speckle Tracking Echocardiography STE 199 References 202 Chapter 10 Making Measurements 203 Accuracy 204 Precision 204 How Accurate or Precise Do We Need To Be? 205 Reproducibility 205 Systematic and Random Errors 206 Ultrasound Measurements in Practice 206 Physical Constraints 207 Sonographer-Based Constraints 209 Principles for Making Reliable Measurements 209 Measurement of Circumference, Area, and Volume 213 Doppler Waveform Measurements 216 Waveform Indices 219 Colour Doppler Ultrasound 221 Measurement of Volume Flow Q 221 References 224 Chapter 11 Safety and Quality Assurance 225 Energy, Power, and Intensity 226 Measuring Intensity 227 Intensity 227 Factors Affecting Damage Potential 230 Thermal Effects 231 Thermal Index (TI) 232 Transducer Self-Heating 234 Nonthermal Effects 235 Radiation Force 235 Streaming 235 Cavitation 236 Mechanical Index (MI) 239 Alara 239 Contrast Agents 240 Quality Assurance and Routine Checks 241 Suggested Routine User Checks 241 The Use of Test Objects 244 Personal Risk Management 245 New Techniques in Ultrasound 246 References 247 Chapter 12 Advanced Topics 249 Contrast Agents (CA) 249 Behaviour of Bubbles in the Ultrasound Field 251 Contrast Agent Harmonics 252 Flashing 254 Advanced Micro-Bubble Techniques 255 B-Flow Blood Vessel Imaging 256 Doppler Measurement of Pressure Gradients 260 Advanced Image Processing 261 Artificial Intelligence 261 Segmentation 262 Examples (1–3) 262 Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) 263 Diagnosis with Cad 268 Fusion Imaging 269 Needle Visualisation and Guidance 271 References 274 Chapter 13 Ultrafast Ultrasound 277 Synthetic Aperture Imaging (SA) 278 Plane-Wave Beamforming 279 Summary 283 Speed of Sound Correction 283 Ultrafast Doppler 286 Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) 291 References 298 Chapter 14 Elastography 301 Background Theory 302 Elastography 303 Methods of Applying The Distorting Force 303 Strain Elastography (SE) 303 User Controls 307 SE Artefacts 310 Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging (ARFI Imaging) 314 Strain Ratio 316 Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) 316 Point SWE (PSWE) 320 Supersonic Shear Imaging (SSI) 322 Shear Wave Compounding 323 SWE Artefacts 325 References 326 Appendix 1: Knobology 329 Appendix 2: Handling Equations and Decibels 335 Appendix 3: The Unfocused Transducer Beam Shape 345 Index 349

Read more less

Book SynopsisIMPACTED THIRD MOLARS Gain confidence in third molar extractions, with advice relevant to general, specialty, and mobile third molar practice dentists Impacted Third Molars, Second Edition, provides dentists with all the information they need to confidently remove impacted third molars, from case selection and imaging to sedation and patient management. Step-by-step surgical procedures support dentists in the successful surgical removal of third molars. The second edition has been updated throughout with new information and advances, and seven new chapters cover local anesthesia, imaging, patient management, platelet rich fibrin, case studies, and mobile third molar practices. The book includes all the information dentists need to efficiently, profitably, and safely remove impacted third molars. Photographs and illustrations depict the concepts described, and a companion website offers video clips. Impacted Third Molars: Gives dentists all the information they need to consider mobile tTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface x 1 Anatomy 1 2 Case Selection 11 3 Complications 29 4 Workspace: Equipment, Instruments, and Materials 60 5 Surgical Principles and Techniques 92 6 Pharmacology 122 7 Sedation Techniques 151 8 Sedation Emergencies and Monitoring 180 9 Documentation 197 10 Local Anesthesia 208 11 Imaging 219 12 Patient Management 226 13 PRF 234 14 Case Studies -- Lessons Learned 246 15 Insurance and Third Molars 255 16 The Mobile Third Molar Practice 259 17 My Mobile Practice 290 18 My Third Molar Journey 296 Index 303

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo fulfill the vision for his latest book, Dr. Hamid Shafie compiled technical information from a vast variety of sources, including implant manufacturers and designers, master dental technicians, implant researchers, and expert clinicians leading the field of implant dentistry worldwide.Table of ContentsLIST OF CONTRIBUTORS vii FOREWORDS viii PREFACE xi DEDICATIONS xii 1 Implant Abutment Materials 1Hamid R. Shafi e and Bryan A. White Introduction 1 Mucosal Seal 1 Pellicle Biofi lm and Periodontal Disease 2 Implant Abutment Material Related Research 3 Conclusions 14 References and Additional Reading 14 2 General Information about Implant Abutments 17Hamid R. Shafie Terminology 17 Stock Abutments 17 Customized Abutments 20 References and Additional Reading 22 3 Retaining Abutment Screws 23Hamid R. Shafi e and Scott Martyna Introduction 23 Basic Terminology 23 Abutment Screw Mechanics 24 Abutment Screw Materials 25 Special Considerations 26 Abutment Screw Failure 28 References and Additional Reading 32 4 Different Implant–Abutment Connections 33Hamid R. Shafi e and Bryan A. White Introduction 33 Chronological Development of Abutment Connections 33 External Hex Connections 34 Internal Connections 35 Comparison of Different Internal Connection Designs 37 Conclusions 43 References and Additional Reading 445 Prefabricated Implant Abutments 47Paul P. Binon Introduction 47 Chronological Development of Prefabricated Abutments 47 Examples of Prefabricated Abutments 49 Clinical Examples 54 References and Additional Reading 63 6 Use of CAD/CAM Technology in Custom Abutment Manufacturing 65Julian Osorio and Robert B. Kerstein History of CAD/CAM Technology in Prosthetic Dentistry 65 History of CAD/CAM Technology in Implant Abutment Manufacturing 66 Virtual Design and Manufacture of Abutments 69 Abutment Placement Using Sulcular Stretching 82 Clinical Examples 86 Advantages of CAD/CAM Abutments Versus Regular Cast Custom Abutments 97 Common Problems in CAD/CAM Abutment Manufacturing 99 Conclusions 100 References and Additional Reading 100 7 Relationship between Abutment Geometry and Peri-implant Tissue in Esthetic Zone Cases 102Dean Morton Tamer Abdel-Azim and Wei-Shao Lin Introduction 102 Provisional Restorations Prior to Implant Loading 103 Contouring the Soft Tissue with Provisional and Custom Impressions 107 Different Designs of Final Crowns Supported by Custom and Stock Abutments 111 References and Additional Reading 121 8 Instrumentation for Abutment Modifi cation and Guidelines for their Use 122Hamid R. Shafie Introduction 122 Extra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Titanium Abutment 122 Extra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Zirconia Abutment 125 Intra-Oral Adjustment Techniques for a Zirconia Abutment 128 References and Further Reading 132 9 Abutment Preparation Techniques for One-Piece Titanium and Zirconia Implants 133Hamid R. Shafi e and Mary L. Ballard Introduction 133 Material Science of One-Piece Implants 136 One-Piece Implant Macro-Geometry 138 One-Piece Implant Micro-Geometry 142 Case Selection Criteria 143 Surgical Techniques 148 One-Piece Implant Abutment Preparation Techniques 163 Principles of Loading 170 Provisionalization and Crown Fabrication 171 References and Additional Reading 175 10 Cleaning Disinfection and Sterilization Techniques for Implant Abutments 177Hamid R. Shafie Introduction 177 Cleaning Disinfecting and Sterilizing Implant Abutments 177 Cleaning and Sterilizing Abutment Adjustment Instruments 178 References and Additional Reading 179 INDEX 181

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explains all of the stages involved in developing medical devices; from concept to medical approval including system engineering, bioinstrumentation design, signal processing, electronics, software and ICT with Cloud and e-Health development. Medical Instrument Design and Development offers a comprehensive theoretical background with extensive use of diagrams, graphics and tables (around 400 throughout the book). The book explains how the theory is translated into industrial medical products using a market-sold Electrocardiograph disclosed in its design by the Gamma Cardio Soft manufacturer. The sequence of the chapters reflects the product development lifecycle. Each chapter is focused on a specific University course and is divided into two sections: theory and implementation. The theory sections explain the main concepts and principles which remain valid across technological evolutions of medical instrumentation. The Implementation sections show how the theoryTable of ContentsForeword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgment xxi 1 System Engineering 1 Chapter Organization 1 Part I: Theory 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Problem Formulation in Product Design 4 1.3 The Business Context for Design 6 1.4 The Engineering Product Design Process 10 1.5 System-subsystem Decomposition 15 1.6 The Product Development Life Cycle 21 1.7 Project Management in Product Design 24 1.8 Intellectual Property Rights and Reuse 30 Part II: Implementation 32 1.11 The ECG: Introduction 32 1.11.1 The ECG’s diagnostic relevance 32 1.11.2 ECG Types 33 1.12 The ECG Design Problem Formulation 34 1.13 The ECG Business Plan 36 1.13.1 Market Size and Trend 37 1.13.2 Core and Distinctive Features 38 1.14 The ECG Design Process 40 1.14.1 Transverse Activities of the ECG Design Process 43 1.14.2 Core Activities of the ECG Design Process 44 1.15 ECG System–subsystem Decomposition 44 1.15.1 Hardware Platform Decomposition 45 1.15.2 Software Application Decomposition 45 1.16 ECG Product Life Cycle 46 1.16.1 Overcoming Risk of Inadequate Visualization of ECG Signal 47 1.16.2 Overcoming Risk of Error Fixing in System Integration 50 1.16.3 Overcoming Risks for Non-stable/Unfeasible Requirements 50 1.17 The ECG Development Plan and Project Management 51 1.18 IPR and Reuse Strategy for the ECG 55 References 57 2 Concepts and Requirements 59 Chapter Organization 59 Part I: Theory 61 2.1 Introduction 61 2.2 The Medical Instrumentation Approach 62 2.3 Extraction of Physiological Parameters 67 2.4 Pressure and Flow 70 2.4.1 Blood Pressure 72 2.4.2 Blood Flow and Hemodynamics 74 2.5 Biopotential Recording 79 2.6 Electroencephalography 81 2.7 Electromyography 85 Part II: Implementation 88 2.8 Introduction 88 2.9 Requirements Management 89 2.10 Medical Instruments Requirements and Standards 91 2.11 ECG Requirements 94 2.12 The Patient Component 96 2.12.1 The Heart’s Pumping Function and the Circulatory System 96 2.12.2 Heart Conduction ‘Control’ System 97 2.13 The ECG Method for Observation 99 2.13.1 Recording the Heart’s Electrical Signals 99 2.13.2 ECG Definition and History 103 2.13.3 ECG Standard Method of Observation 103 2.14 Features of the Observations 108 2.14.1 ECG Signal 108 2.14.2 Clinically Significant Signal 110 2.14.3 Power Line Noise 117 2.14.4 Isoelectric Line Instability 118 2.14.5 Muscle Artifacts 119 2.15 Requirements Related to Measurements 119 2.16 Safety Requirements 126 2.16.1 EMC Performance 128 2.17 Usability and Marketing Requirements 131 2.18 Environment Issues 132 2.19 Economic Requirements 134 References 135 3 Biomedical Engineering Design 137 Chapter Organization 138 Part I: Theory 139 3.1 Design Principles and Regulations 139 3.2 General Design System Model 141 3.3 Pressure and Flow Instruments 142 3.3.1 Blood Pressure Instruments 144 3.3.2 Flow Measurements 146 3.3.3 Measuring Oxygen Concentration 147 3.4 Biopotential Instruments 148 3.4.1 Electroencephalographs 148 3.4.2 Electromyographs 151 3.5 The Design Process 152 3.5.1 The Conceptual Design 155 3.5.2 System-wide Design Decisions 156 3.5.3 System Architectural Design 157 3.5.4 Risk Management 157 Part II: Implementation 160 3.6 ECG-wide Decisions 160 3.6.1 The Gamma Cardio CG Use Case 160 3.6.2 Human Factors and the User Interface Design 161 3.6.3 Patient Interface: the Biopotential Electrodes 167 3.7 The ECG System Architectural Design 170 3.7.1 Subsystem Identification 170 3.7.2 The Communication Interfaces 171 3.7.3 Acquisition Hardware Requirements 174 3.7.4 Firmware Requirements 176 3.7.5 Software Application Requirements 177 3.7.6 Concept of Execution among Subsystems 178 3.8 Gamma Cardio CG Technical File Structure 179 References 180 4 Signal Processing and Estimation 181 Chapter Organization 181 Part I: Theory 184 4.1 Discrete Representations of Analog Systems 184 4.2 Discrete Fourier Transform 189 4.2.1 Discrete Fourier Transform Statistics 194 4.3 Estimation Theory Framework 197 4.3.1 Minimum Mean Square Error Estimate 199 4.3.2 Minimum Mean Absolute Error Estimate (MMAE) 201 4.3.3 Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) Probability Estimate 202 4.3.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) 203 4.4 Performance Indicators 204 4.4.1 Efficient Estimators 208 4.4.2 Fisher’s Information Matrix 209 4.4.3 Akaike Information Criterion 212 Part II: Implementation 214 4.5 Analog to Digital Conversion 214 4.5.1 Indirect Sampling versus Direct Sampling 214 4.5.2 Quantizer Design 216 4.6 Signal Denoising 221 4.6.1 White Gaussian Signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise 221 4.6.2 Denoising of Gaussian Cyclostationary Signals 222 4.6.3 MMSE Digital Filter 222 4.7 Time of Arrival Estimation 224 References 229 5 Applied Electronics 231 Chapter Organization 231 Part I: Theory 233 5.0 Architectural Design 235 5.1 Sensors 236 5.2 Circuit Protection Function 243 5.2.1 Johnson Noise 246 5.2.2 Transient Voltage Suppressors 247 5.2.3 RF Filter Circuit Protection 248 5.2.4 Circuit Frequency Response 251 5.3 Buffer Stage 254 5.3.1 Operational Amplifiers 256 5.4 Analog Signal Processing 258 5.4.1 Summing Amplifier Circuit 259 5.4.2 Analog Signal Switching 260 5.5 Interference and Instrumentation Amplifiers 262 5.5.1 Eliminating In-band Interference 262 5.5.2 Patient Model 267 5.5.3 The ECG Model 268 5.5.4 Right Leg Connection 270 5.5.5 Right Leg Driver Circuit 272 5.6 Analog Filtering 273 5.6.1 Frequency Domain 273 5.6.2 Analog versus Digital Filtering 278 5.7 ADC Conversion 279 5.8 Programable Devices 285 5.9 Power Module 289 5.9.1 Power Sources 290 5.9.2 Electrical Safety and Appliance Design 294 5.9.3 Power Module Design 298 5.10 Baseband Digital Communication 301 5.10.1 Data Transmission Elements 302 Part II: Implementation 313 5.20 Gamma Cardio CG Architecture 313 5.20.1 ECG Design Choices 314 5.20.2 Gamma Cardio CG Complete Scheme 317 5.21 ECG Sensors 317 5.22 Gamma Cardio CG Protection 321 5.23 Gamma Cardio CG Buffer Stage 325 5.24 The Lead Selector 327 5.24.1 Calibration 331 5.25 ECG Amplification 332 5.25.1 ECG Circuits 333 5.25.2 Input Dynamic Range: Requirement Demonstrations 337 5.25.3 Gain Error: Requirement Demonstrations 338 5.26 Analog Filtering 339 5.27 The ADC Circuit 342 5.28 Programable Devices 346 5.28.1 Circuit Design 347 5.28.2 The Clock 348 5.29 Power Module 351 5.29.1 Power Module Circuit 353 5.30 Communication Module 353 Conclusion 357 References 358 6 Medical Software 359 Chapter Organization 359 Part I: Theory 361 6.1 Introduction 361 6.1.1 Intrinsic Risks and Software Engineering 362 6.1.2 Main Concepts in Software Development 363 6.1.3 Regulatory Requirements for Software 364 6.2 The Process: a Standard for Medical Software 365 6.2.1 IEC/EN 62304 Overview 365 6.2.2 Risk Analysis for Hardware and Software Design 368 6.2.3 Software Safety Classification 370 6.2.4 System Decomposition and Risks 371 6.2.5 Impact of Safety Classification 372 6.2.6 Soup 372 6.3 Risk Management Process 374 6.3.1 Risk Management in Software 376 6.3.2 Risk Management for Medical Instrument Software 377 6.4 Software Development Process 379 6.4.1 Software Development Planning 380 6.4.2 Software Requirements Analysis 381 6.4.3 Software Architectural Design 382 6.4.4 Detailed Software Design 385 6.4.5 Software Unit Implementation and Verification 385 6.4.6 Software Integration and Integration Testing 387 6.4.7 Software System Testing 388 6.4.8 Software Release 388 6.5 Software Configuration Management Process 389 6.6 Software Problem Resolution Process 391 6.7 Software Maintenance Process 392 6.8 Guidelines on Software Design 393 6.8.1 Definitions 395 6.8.2 Basic Recommendations 396 6.8.3 Software Core Services 396 6.8.4 Defensive Programing 398 Part II: Implementation 400 6.9 System Decomposition 400 6.9.1 Gamma Cardio CG Use Case 400 6.9.2 System Decomposition 401 6.10 Risk Management 402 6.11 Software Application 403 6.11.1 Software Requirements 403 6.11.2 Architectural Design 407 6.11.3 Elaboration Module 409 6.12 Firmware 411 6.12.1 Firmware Requirements 411 6.12.2 Architectural Design 413 6.12.3 Automatic Test Capability 416 References 418 7 C-health 419 Chapter Organization 420 Part I: Theory 421 7.1 Introduction 421 7.1.1 The Assessment Framework 421 7.1.2 Assessment Framework for the Health Sector 422 7.2 The Cloud Computing Model 426 7.2.1 Basics of Cloud Computing 426 7.2.2 Cloud Platforms 428 7.2.3 Services in the Cloud 430 7.2.4 The Cloud Shape 432 7.2.5 Features of the Clouds 434 7.3 e-Health 435 7.3.1 Interoperability in e-Health 437 7.4 Electronic Health Record (EHR) 442 7.5 c-Health 445 Part II: Implementation 449 7.6 Telecardiology 450 7.6.1 Application Scenario 450 7.7 Telecardiology Technology 451 7.8 Workflow in Telecardiology 455 7.8.1 Basic Workflows 455 7.8.2 Alternative Workflows 457 7.8.3 Where and When Telecardiology Can Be Used 460 7.9 Risks of Telecardiology 463 References 465 8 Certification Process 467 Chapter Organization 467 Part I: Theory 469 8.1 Certification Objectives and Processes 469 8.1.1 Certification, Standards and Definitions 470 8.2 Regulations, Standards and Organizations 474 8.2.1 Technical Standards for Medical Devices 477 8.2.2 European Context 478 8.3 Basic Protection Concepts 480 8.3.1 Protection Against Electric Shock 480 8.3.2 Insulation 484 8.3.3 Degree of Protection Provided by Enclosures 485 8.4 Verification of Constructional Requirements 486 8.4.1 Choice of Safety Critical Materials and Components 486 8.4.2 Creepage Distances and Air Clearances 489 8.4.3 Markings 490 8.4.4 Conductors 492 8.4.5 Connections to the Power Supply 494 8.4.6 Fire Enclosure 495 8.5 Medical Equipment Safety Tests 495 8.5.1 Leakage Current 497 8.5.2 Heating 499 8.5.3 Dielectric Strength 500 8.5.4 Stability and Mechanical Strength 500 8.5.5 Abnormal Operating and Fault Conditions 501 8.5.6 Continuity of Protective Earthing 502 8.5.7 Residual Voltage 503 8.5.8 Voltage on the Accessible Parts 503 8.5.9 Energy Stored – Pressurized Part 503 8.5.10 Current and Power Consumption 504 8.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility 504 8.6.1 Emissions 506 8.6.2 Immunity 511 8.6.3 The Test Report 513 Part II: Implementation 515 8.11 The Process 515 8.11.1 Device Description 516 8.11.2 Medical Device Classes 516 8.11.3 EU Conformity Assessment 519 8.11.4 Risk Management Deliverable 520 8.11.5 The Technical File 527 8.12 Regulatory Approaches to Medical Device Market Placement 537 8.13 Basic Concepts in Device Implementation 540 8.13.1 Protection Against Electric Shock 541 8.13.2 Insulation 541 8.13.3 Enclosure IP Protection 544 8.14 Verification on Design Performance 544 8.14.1 Safety-critical Materials 544 8.14.2 Creepage and Air Clearance 545 8.14.3 Other Verifications 545 8.15 Safety Tests 546 8.15.1 Leakage Current 546 8.15.2 Heating 546 8.15.3 Other Safety Tests 547 8.16 Electromagnetic Compatibility 548 8.16.1 Emission 549 8.16.2 Immunity 550 References 554 Summary of Regulations and Standards 555 Index 559

Read more less

Book SynopsisTreatment-resistant Depress Successful management of patients with treatment-resistant depression requires a thorough understanding of the biological basis for both the depression and its failure to respond to standard treatments. This book clearly and succinctly summarizes the latest scientific research and its applications in clinical practice. A first step is a clear definition of what constitutes treatment-resistant depression so that clinical trials and other studies are using common criteria, enabling comparison and meta-analysis of their outcomes. The opening chapter reviews definitions and predictors of treatment-resistant depression originating from different fields and discusses their usefulness in clinical practice and clinical research. The next chapter proposes a new definition, adapting terminology from medicine. Biological classification requires identification of genetic risk factors and gene variants have been identified as accounting for 50% of the vTrade Review“After all, this book is recommended for the young psychiatrist, who wants to read an easy introduction to the fascinating world of treatment of resistant depression.” (Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 9 November 2013) “This is a monograph, which could be of great interest to psychiatrists managing patients with TRD. The chapters are written clearly, and the references are comprehensive and up-to-date.” (Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 6 November 2013) “The editors should be congratulated for accomplishing the amazing feat of presenting so much information in such a compact book. With an investment of just a few hours, readers can be updated on a very complicated subject . . . The editors should be commended on detailing a variety of treatment options, including nonpharmacological options, which other books fail to emphasize.” (Doody’s, 23 August 2013) Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Foreword ix 1 Definitions and Predictors of Treatment-resistant Depression 1 Daniel Souery and William Pitchot 2 Treatment-resistant Depression: A Separate Disorder – A New Approach 21 Hans-Jürgen Möller, Florian Seemüller, Rebecca Schennach and Ramesh K. Gupta 3 Genetics of Treatment-resistant Depression 43 Chiara Fabbri, Stefano Porcelli and Alessandro Serretti 4 Is There a Role for Switching Antidepressants in Treatment-resistant Depression? 91 Stuart Montgomery 5 The Role of Atypical Antipsychotics in Inadequateresponse and Treatment-resistant Depression 107 Siegfried Kasper and Elena Akimova 6 Lithium, Thyroid Hormones and Further Augmentation Strategies in Treatment-resistant Depression 129 Robert Haußmann and Michael Bauer 7 The Role of Nonpharmacological Interventions in Treatment-resistant Depression 159 Thomas E. Schläpfer and Sarah Kayser 8 The Role of Psychotherapy in the Management of Treatment-resistant Depression 183 Michael E. Thase Index 209

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe psychiatric profession must ensure that its next generation of leaders has the appropriate skills to provide mental health services in the face of globalization and urbanization, new technologies, and competing demands for shrinking resources.Trade Review“We may agree with the notion that almost every psychiatrist may have the potential and possibility of leading. Let’s hope that those who are, or become, our leaders study this book, learn from it, and do the right things.” (Acad Psychiatry, 31 July 2014)Table of ContentsList of Contributors viii Preface xi Part A The Role of the Leader 1 What is Leadership? 3 Dinesh Bhugra, Susham Gupta and Pedro Ruiz 2 What Makes a Leader? Skills and Competencies 13 Juan J. López-Ibor, Blanca Reneses and María Inés López-Ibor 3 Medical Professionalism, Leadership and Professional Judgement 34 Dinesh Bhugra, Alex Till, Nicholas Deakin and Pedro Ruiz 4 Leadership Theories and Approaches 49 John P. Baker 5 Clinical Leadership 63 Ahmed Okasha 6 Leadership and Clinician Engagement in Service Development 74 Hugo de Waal Part B Skills Required for Leadership 7 Communication 89 Levent Küey 8 Leadership and Decision-Making 99 Dinesh Bhugra, Alex Till and Pedro Ruiz 9 Team-Building in Psychiatry 107 Wolfgang Gaebel, Andreas Kuchenbecker, Noemi Wulff and Jürgen Zielasek 10 Coaching and Mentoring 126 Rebecca Viney and Denise Harris 11 Leadership and Factions 137 Zoë K. Reed 12 Leadership Outside the Clinical Team 147 Juan J. López-Ibor, María Inés López-Ibor and Blanca Reneses 13 Leadership in Academic Psychiatry 163 Dilip V. Jeste and Maja Gawronska 14 Taking People With You 179 David M. Ndetei and Patrick Gatonga 15 Leaders and Managers: A Case Study in Organizational Transformation – the Sheppard Pratt Experience, 1990–2011 189 Robert Roca and Steven S. Sharfstein 16 Burnout and Disillusionment 199 Wulf Rössler 17 Gender Issues Related to Medical Leadership with Particular Reference to Psychiatry 206 Marianne Kastrup and Klement Dymi 18 Leadership for Good versus Good Leadership in Mental Health 217 Sidney H. Weissman and Kenneth G. Busch 19 Acquiring Leadership Skills: Description of an International Programme for Early Career Psychiatrists 226 Norman Sartorius 20 Leadership, Ethics and Managing Diversity 233 Julio Torales, Hugo Rodriguez and Dinesh Bhugra Part c Learning Materials 21 Assessment Tools 241 Cindy L. Ehresman 22 Learning Materials 253 John P. Baker 23 Conclusions 260 Dinesh Bhugra, Susham Gupta and Pedro Ruiz Index 263

Read more less