International business Books

Book SynopsisThe Pacific is a high growth region, comprising East Asian market economy states, North America, China, Australia and New Zealand. This book examines the area's rapidly expanding pattern of corporate competition and cooperation, which is assisting recoveries from the effects of the East Asian financial crises. The authors argue that the uneven but dynamic integration in the Pacific region which was disrupted by the financial crises is continuing in ways that promise resumptions of higher interdependent growth when fundamental adjustments have been completed. They emphasize that the regional recovery could be assisted by innovative new efforts to promote wider ranging cooperation in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC), which is committed to regional trade and investment liberalization over the next decade.Trade Review'. . . the volume provides a useful . . . exploration of key issues affecting the development of the Asia-Pacific region.' -- Mark Beeson, Asia Pacific Business ReviewTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Pacific Integration and Globalization 2. East Asian Crises and Regional Economic Integration 3. Pacific Economic Integration and the ‘Flying Geese’ Paradigm 4. Pacific Market Integration 5. Multinational Enterprises in APEC 6. Corporate–Government Relations in the Pacific 7. Corporate Interaction, Direct Investment and Regional Cooperation in Industrializing Asia 8. Bank Loan Capitalism and Financial Crises 9. Pacific Collective Management Index

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Book SynopsisThis important two volume collection of previously published journal articles and book excerpts provides an extensive array of readings in the economics and politics of international trade and investment policy.Volume One focuses on the globalization of business and links policy issues to economic and political theory and to the strategies of corporations. Volume Two concentrates on multilateral institutions and agreements, regional arrangements and linkages among trade, investment, labour and environmental policy issues.The articles included in this collection have been drawn from diverse sources and represent analyses by scholars of many persuasions and nationalities.Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Thomas L. Brewer Volume I: Part I: Policy in the Context of Globalization 1. World Bank (1997), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Global Integration’ 2. H. Peter Gray (1995), ‘The Modern Structure of International Economic Policies’ 3. Charles-Albert Michalet (1994), ‘Transnational Corporations and the Changing International Economic System’ 4. John H. Dunning (1992), ‘The Global Economy, Domestic Governance, Strategies and Transnational Corporations: Interactions and Policy Implications’ 5. Alan M. Rugman and Michael V. Gestrin (1991), ‘US Trade Laws as Barriers to Globalisation’ 6. Jagdish N. Bhagwati (1985), ‘Protectionism: Old Wine in New Bottles’ 7. Edward M. Graham and Robert Z. Lawrence (1996), ‘Measuring the International Contestability of Markets: A Conceptual Approach’ 8. James D. Gaisford (1996), ‘On the Relative Gains from Liberalized Foreign Investment’ Part II: Theory and Policy 9. Robert E. Baldwin (1992), ‘Are Economists’ Traditional Trade Policy Views Still Valid?’ 10. Paul R. Krugman (1993), ‘The Narrow and Broad Arguments for Free Trade’ 11. Paul Krugman (1992), ‘Does the New Trade Theory Require a New Trade Policy?’ 12. Rachel McCulloch (1983), ‘The Optimality of Free Trade: Science or Religion?’ 13. Asad Alam (1995), ‘The New Trade Theory and its Relevance to the Trade Policies of Developing Countries’ 14. Kyle Bagwell and Robert W. Staiger (1990), ‘A Theory of Managed Trade’ Part III: Firms’ Strategies and Governments’ Policies 15. Raymond Vernon (1981), ‘Sovereignty at Bay: Ten Years After’ 16. Farok J. Contractor (1990), ‘Ownership Patterns of U.S. Joint Ventures Abroad and the Liberalization of Foreign Government Regulations in the 1980s: Evidence From the Benchmark Surveys’ 17. Dennis J. Encarnation and Louis T. Wells, Jr. (1985), ‘Sovereignty en Garde: Negotiating with Foreign Investors’ 18. Helen Milner (1988), ‘Trading Places: Industries for Free Trade’ 19. David W. Loree and Stephen E. Guisinger (1995), ‘Policy and Non-policy Determinants of U.S. Equity Foreign Direct Investment’ Part IV: Domestic Politics and Policy 20. Sylvia Ostry (1992), ‘The Domestic Domain: The New International Policy Arena’ 21. John S. Odell (1990), ‘Understanding International Trade Policies: An Emerging Synthesis’ 22. John B. Goodman, Debora Spar and David B. Yoffie (1996), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and the Demand for Protection in the United States’ 23. Thomas L. Brewer (1992), ‘An Issue-Area Approach to the Analysis of MNE-Government Relations’ 24. Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Helpman (1995), ‘The Politics of Free-Trade Agreements’ 25. Arye L. Hillman and Heinrich W. Ursprung (1988), ‘Domestic Politics, Foreign Interests, and International Trade Policy’ Index Volume II: Part I: Multilateral Institutions and Agreements 1. Charles Lipson (1982), ‘The Transformation of Trade: The Sources and Effects of Regime Change’ 2. Susan Strange (1987), ‘The Persistent Myth of Lost Hegemony’ 3. Paul M. Goldberg and Charles P. Kindleberger (1970), ‘Toward a GATT for Investment: A Proposal for Supervision of the International Corporation’ 4. C. Fred Bergsten and Edward. M. Graham (1992), ‘Needed: New International Rules for Foreign Direct Investment’ 5. Pierre Sauvé (1994), ‘A First Look at Investment in the Final Act of the Uruguay Round’ 6. Pierre Sauvé (1995), ‘Assessing the General Agreement on Trade in Services: Half-Full or Half-Empty?’ 7. Americo Beviglia Zampetti (1995), ‘The Uruguay Round Agreement on Subsidies: A Forward-Looking Assessment’ 8. Thomas L. Brewer and Stephen Young (1996), ‘Investment Policies in Multilateral and Regional Agreements: A Comparative Analysis’ 9. Development Committee of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (1992), ‘Guidelines on the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment’ Part II: Regional Institutions and Agreements 10. Stephen J. Kobrin (1995), ‘Regional Integration in a Globally Networked Economy’ 11. Michael Gestrin and Alan M. Rugman (1994), ‘The North American Free Trade Agreement and Foreign Direct Investment’ 12. Edward M. Graham and Christopher Wilkie (1998), ‘Regional Economic Agreements and Multinational Firms: The Investment Provisions of the NAFTA’ 13. James R. Markusen, Thomas F. Rutherford and Linda Hunter (1995), ‘Trade Liberalization in a Multinational-Dominated Industry’ 14. Edward M. Graham (1994), ‘Towards an Asia-Pacific Investment Code’ 15. Thomas Brewer and Stephen Young (1995), ‘European Union Policies and the Problems of Multinational Enterprises’ 16. Tamar Almor and Seev Hirsch (1995), ‘Outsiders’ Response to Europe 1992: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence’ Part III: Inter-Policy Linkages 17. World Trade Organization (1996), ‘Trade and Foreign Direct Investment’ 18. T.N. Srinivasan (1996), ‘Post-Uruguay Round Issues for Asian Developing Countries’ 19. Karl P. Sauvant, Padma Mallampally and Persephone Economou (1993), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and International Migration’ 20. Thomas L. Brewer and Stephen Young (1997), ‘Investment Incentives and the International Agenda’ 21. Hiro Lee and David Roland-Holst (1997), ‘The Environment and Welfare Implications of Trade and Tax Policy’ 22. Niek De Jong and Rob Vos (1995), ‘Regional Blocs or Global Markets? A World Accounting Approach to Analyze Trade and Financial Linkages’ Index

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Book SynopsisThe world's increasing integration through trade and the persistence of high unemployment in Europe, and other areas of the world, highlight the need to understand the implications of free trade for unemployment. Trade, Jobs and Wages analyses how employment levels and real wages are affected by international trade.Popular trade theory disregards the impact of free trade on the rate of unemployment, since it assumes full employment at the outset. By focusing on the determinants of the natural rate of unemployment, Professor Hoon places an emphasis on real, as opposed to monetary, factors in accounting for long term trends in wages and unemployment. The author examines the influence of trade on jobs and wages in different theoretical settings, including the Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models as well as models exhibiting imperfect competition and scale economies. The influence of trade on high wage jobs and wage inequalities is also discussed.Trade Review'Although reams of paper have been dedicated to East Asia's rapid productivity growth in recent decades, no one had explored at all deeply the other dimension of the Asian miracle - the extraordinarily low unemployment rates achieved. In this masterful book Hian Teck Hoon explains that it is structural unemployment that is so low there, not deficient demand. Then, skilfully combining concepts in the endogenous theory of the natural rate of unemployment with concepts in trade theory, Hoon explains that it was the opening up to trade that brought down the natural rate in East Asia. The effects on the wage gap and the unemployment pattern are brought in. Thus the book both extends employment theory and enriches the theory of the gains from trade.' -- Edmund S. Phelps, Columbia University, USTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Factors Shaping Singapore’s Wages and Unemployment 3. The Ricardian Model with an Endogenous Natural Rate 4. The Heckscher–Ohlin Model with an Endogenous Natural Rate 5. International Product–Market Competition, Jobs and Wages 6. Scale Economies, Jobs and Wages 7. Trade, High-wage Jobs and the Wage Gap 8. International Trade and Wage Inequality: The Role of Economies of Scale and Relative Factor Endowments 9. Wealth, Labour Force Participation and Trade 10. Trade, Growth and Unemployment in Ricardo’s Essay on Profits Model 11. A Synthesis References Index

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Book SynopsisInternational strategies and the organizational designs of multinational corporations are in a period of transition; the dominant designs of the recent past are gone and new dominant designs have not yet emerged. This authoritative collection of articles by leading international scholars presents the dominant ways of examining and understanding these current changes. It investigates contrasting points of view and provides the reader with a framework for evaluating the transformation of international corporations and for developing a critical insight which will be as useful for understanding future changes as it is for understanding those that have already occurred.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction (W.G. Egelhoff) Part I: The Contextual Environment Driving Organizational Transformation Part II: Broad-Based Models of Organizational Transformation Part III: Subsidiary-Level Perspectives of Organizational Transformation Part IV: Models and Studies Dealing with Specific Aspects of Organizational Transformation Name Index

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Book SynopsisTaiwanese foreign direct investment rapidly expanded in the mid-1980s when the domestic wage rate and the value of the Taiwanese currency skyrocketed simultaneously. Losing their competitive edge at home, many Taiwanese firms relocated to lower wage countries; mainly Southeast Asia and China.Taiwanese Firms in Southeast Asia provides a comprehensive review of Taiwan's direct investment in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. It also explores the motivation behind investment in Asia, Europe and the US. In most countries, incidence of foreign direct investment is positively correlated with firm size. However, in Taiwanese firms, the opposite is true. The book examines the reasons for this and assesses the difference in practice between small and large firms conducting foreign direct investment, focusing on the manufacturing sector. The book also includes an original, comprehensive survey and a series of interviews with Taiwanese parent firms and their subsidiaries in Southeast Asia. The authors conclude that networking underscores the core competitiveness of Taiwanese firms and when these firms invest abroad, they attempt to maintain a close connection with domestic networks to retain competitiveness and flexibility. However, they will have difficulty in sustaining this in the long-term because co-ordination of production across national borders requires intensive input of managerial resources which are scarce among Taiwanese firms. In the long-term, they have to localize and integrate themselves into the local networks.The book is a result of joint research efforts by Taiwanese, American and Southeast Asian scholars and will be required reading for students and scholars of economies in Southeast Asia, international business, Asian studies and multinational enterprise.Trade Review'Rather one of the merits of this book is that it brings up numerous issues calling for further research. This work has opened the way and set down a solid foundation for future research, for which I would like to express to the contributors of this study my fullest approval and gratitude.'Table of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. FDI by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Developed Countries 3. FDI by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises from Taiwan 4. Economic Effects of Taiwanese FDI on Host Countries 5. Noneconomic Elements of Taiwan’s Foreign Direct Investment 6. Taiwanese Investment in Indonesia 7. Taiwanese Investment in Malaysia 8. Taiwanese Investment in Thailand 9. Taiwanese Investment in the Philippines 10. Taiwanese Investment in Vietnam 11. Conclusions Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAlternative Theories of the Firm provides a range of fundamental readings embracing the economics of firm behaviour from a non-neoclassical perspective. The collection covers several basic topics including: the importance of transaction costs and agency theory for the analysis of firm behaviour; capabilities and resource-based theories of the firm; the economics of firm strategy; behavioural theories; Austrian theories; evolutionary theories; and the historical development of firms. The readings include selections from traditional masters as well as writings by more recent authors. This collection will be of great value both to scholars who want a summary of developments in the field and to students of industrial economics and corporate strategy.Trade Review'This is an impressive collection of 80 reprints of journal articles and book selections criticizing the neoclassical theory of the firm. . . These three volumes not only provide stimulating reading for scholars working on the modern theory of the firm, but will be a great help for academic teachers preparing their courses.'Table of ContentsContents Volume I Acknowledgements Introduction Richard N. Langlois, Tony Fu-Lai Yu and Paul L. Robertson PART I DEVELOPMENT IN THE THEORY OF THE FIRM: A CRITICAL REVIEW 1. Richard N. Langlois and Nicolai J. Foss (1999), ‘Capabilities and Governance: The Rebirth of Production in the Theory of Economic Organization’ PART II FOUNTAINHEADS OF THE MODERN THEORIES OF THE FIRM 2. Alfred Marshall (1890/1961), ‘Industrial Organization, Continued. Division of Labour. The Influence of Machinery’ and ‘Industrial Organization, Continued. The Concentration of Specialized Industries in Particular Localities’ 3. Frank H. Knight (1921), ‘Enterprise and Profit’ 4. R.H. Coase (1937), ‘The Nature of the Firm’ 5. James G. March and Herbert A. Simon (1958), ‘Cognitive Limits on Rationality’ 6. Edith Penrose (1995), ‘Foreword to the Third Edition’ 7. G.B. Richardson (1959), ‘Equilibrium, Expectations and Information’ PART III TRANSACTION COSTS, PROPERTY RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION 8. H.B. Malmgren (1961), ‘Information, Expectations and the Theory of the Firm’ 9. Armen A. Alchian and Harold Demsetz (1972), ‘Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization’ 10. Benjamin Klein, Robert G. Crawford and Armen A. Alchian (1978), ‘Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process’ 11. Steven N.S. Cheung (1983), ‘The Contractual Nature of the Firm’ 12. Yoram Barzel (1987), ‘The Entrepreneur’s Reward for Self-policing’ 13. Harold Demsetz (1988), ‘The Theory of the Firm Revisited’ PART IV AGENCY THEORIES, INCOMPLETE CONTRACTS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 14. Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling (1976), ‘Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure’ 15. Oliver E. Williamson (1979), ‘Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations’ 16. Eugene F. Fama (1980), ‘Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm’ 17. Bengt Holmstrom (1982), ‘Moral Hazard in Teams’ 18. Eugene F. Fama and Michael C. Jensen (1983), ‘Separation of Ownership and Control’ 19. Oliver E. Williamson (1984), ‘The Economics of Governance: Framework and Implications’ 20. Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart (1986), ‘The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration’ 21. Oliver Hart (1989), ‘An Economist’s Perspective on the Theory of the Firm’ 22. Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom (1991), ‘Multitask Principal-Agent Analyses: Incentive Contracts, Asset Ownership, and Job Design’ 23. John Moore (1992), ‘The Firm as a Collection of Assets’ 24. Roy Radner (1992), ‘Hierarchy: The Economics of Managing’ 25. Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling (1992), ‘Specific and General Knowledge, and Organizational Structure’ Name Index Volume II Acknowledgements An introduction by the editors to all three volumes appears in Volume I PART I CAPABILITIES AND RESOURCE-BASED VIEWS 1. G.B. Richardson (1972), ‘The Organisation of Industry’ 2. Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter (1982), ‘Organizational Capabilities and Behavior’ 3. Birger Wernerfelt (1984), ‘A Resource-based View of the Firm’ 4. Wesley M. Cohen and Daniel A. Levinthal (1990), ‘Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation’ 5. Jay Barney (1991), ‘Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage’ 6. Kathleen R. Conner (1991), ‘A Historical Comparison of Resource-Based Theory and Five Schools of Thought Within Industrial Organization Economics: Do We Have a New Theory of the Firm?’ 7. Joseph T. Mahoney and J. Rajendran Pandian (1992), ‘The Resource-based View Within the Conversation of Strategic Management’ 8. L. Marengo (1992), ‘Coordination and Organizational Learning in the Firm’ 9. Margaret A. Peteraf (1993), ‘The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage: A Resource-based View’ 10. Nicolai J. Foss (1996), ‘Capabilities and the Theory of the Firm’ 11. David J. Teece, Gary Pisano and Amy Shuen (1997), ‘Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management’ PART II STRATEGIC THEORIES OF THE FIRM 12. Kenneth R. Andrews (1971/1980), ‘The Concept of Corporate Strategy’ 13. Michael E. Porter (1981), ‘The Contributions of Industrial Organization To Strategic Management’ 14. Richard P. Rumelt (1984), ‘Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm’ 15. Sidney G. Winter (1987), ‘Knowledge and Competence as Strategic Assets’ 16. C.K. Prahalad and Gary Hamel (1990), ‘The Core Competence of the Corporation’ 17. Richard R. Nelson (1991), ‘Why Do Firms Differ, and How Does It Matter?’ 18. Raphael Amit and Paul J.H. Schoemaker (1993), ‘Strategic Assets and Organizational Rent’ 19. David J. Teece, Richard Rumelt, Giovanni Dosi and Sidney Winter (1994), ‘Understanding Corporate Coherence: Theory and Evidence’ PART III THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARADIGM 20. David J. Teece (1980), ‘Economies of Scope and the Scope of the Enterprise’ 21. Giovanni Dosi (1982), ‘Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories’ 22. David J. Teece (1986), ‘Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy’ 23. Giovanni Dosi and Luigi Orsenigo (1988), ‘Coordination and Transformation: An Overview of Structures, Behaviours and Change in Evolutionary Environments’ 24. David J. Teece (1988), ‘Technological Change and the Nature of the Firm’ PART IV BEHAVIORAL THEORIES OF THE FIRM 25. Richard M. Cyert and James G. March (1959/1996), ‘A Behavioral Theory of Organizational Objectives’ 26. Herbert A. Simon (1962), ‘New Developments in the Theory of the Firm’ 27. Fritz Machlup (1967), ‘Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial’ 28. Harvey Leibenstein (1966), ‘Allocative Efficiency vs. "X-efficiency"’ 29. Herbert A. Simon (1979), ‘Rational Decision Making in Business Organizations’ 30. James G. March (1991), ‘Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning’ Name Index Volume III Acknowledgements An introduction by the editors to all three volumes appears in Volume I PART I AUSTRIAN INSIGHTS 1. Morris Silver (1984), ‘A Model of Vertical Integration and Disintegration with Supporting Evidence’ 2. Nicolai Juul Foss (1993), ‘The Theory of the Firm: The Austrians as Precursors and Critics of Contemporary Theory’ 3. Ulrich Witt (1998), ‘Imagination and Leadership: The Neglected Dimension of an Evolutionary Theory of the Firm’ 4. Tony Fu-Lai Yu (1999), ‘Toward a Praxeological Theory of the Firm’ PART II THE FIRM AND THE MARKET 5. Allyn A. Young (1928), ‘Increasing Returns and Economic Progress’ 6. George J. Stigler (1951), ‘The Division of Labor is Limited by the Extent of the Market’ 7. Edward Ames and Nathan Rosenberg (1965), ‘The Progressive Division and Specialization of Industries’ 8. Axel Leijonhufvud (1986), ‘Capitalism and the Factory System’ 9. Brian J. Loasby (1989), ‘Knowledge and Organization: Marshall’s Theory of Economic Progress and Coordination’ 10. Arthur L. Stinchcombe (1990), ‘Individuals’ Skills as Information Processing: Charles F. Sabel and the Division of Labor’ PART III HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FIRM 11. Gardiner C. Means (1962), ‘Collective Capitalism and Economic Theory’ 12. Stephen A. Marglin (1974), ‘What Do Bosses Do? The Origins and Functions of Hierarchy in Capitalist Production’ 13. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr. (1977), ‘Introduction: The Visible Hand’ 14. Charles Sabel and Jonathan Zeitlin (1985), ‘Historical Alternatives to Mass Production: Politics, Markets and Technology in Nineteenth-Century Industrialization’ 15. David S. Landes (1986), ‘What Do Bosses Really Do?’ 16. Alfred D. Chandler (1992), ‘Organizational Capabilities and the Economic History of the Industrial Enterprise’ 17. Paul L. Robertson and Lee J. Alston (1992), ‘Technological Choice and the Organization of Work in Capitalist Firms’ 18. William Lazonick (1992), ‘Controlling the Market for Corporate Control: The Historical Significance of Managerial Capitalism’ 19. Michael C. Jensen (1993), ‘Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems’ 20. S.R.H. Jones (1994), ‘The Origins of the Factory System in Great Britain: Technology, Transaction Costs or Exploitation?’ PART IV TOWARDS A SYNTHESIS: AN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF THE FIRM 21. Richard N. Langlois (1988), ‘Economic Change and the Boundaries of the Firm’ 22. Sidney G. Winter (1990), ‘Survival, Selection, and Inheritance in Evolutionary Theories of Organization’ 23. Richard N. Langlois and Paul L. Robertson (1993), ‘Business Organization as a Coordination Problem: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Boundaries of the Firm’ 24. Giovanni Dosi and Luigi Marengo (1994), ‘Some Elements of an Evolutionary Theory of Organizational Competences’ 25. Nicolai Juul Foss, Christian Knudsen and Cynthia A. Montgomery (1995), ‘An Exploration of Common Ground: Integrating Evolutionary and Strategic Theories of the Firm’ Name Index

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Book SynopsisThis path-breaking book examines the effects of multinationals on the competitiveness of industry in the UK. The in-depth investigation analyses how these firms gain access to technology and questions whether or not multinationals, in their support of local technologies, improve the potential and competitiveness of local industry.The book discusses the evolution of multinationals in the late twentieth century, the role of the UK in this evolution and the theories of multinationals. It examines what these theories imply for efficiency and welfare, and the policies which affect multinational enterprises (MNEs). The authors consider the strategic positioning of subsidiaries in the UK in relation to the firm's overall global investment strategy. Using detailed empirical surveys, they also look at the role of technology in multinationals and how these firms' strategies are developing in regard to this. The authors examine whether MNEs UK operations are dependent on existing technology or whether they play a more positive role in its local creation and use. Finally the role of decentralized R&D in multinationals, and the status of this in the UK, is considered.Multinationals, Technology and National Competitiveness will be welcomed by those interested in international investment, business strategy, technology and innovation and public policy.Trade Review'Multinationals, Technology and National Competitiveness is one of the first extensive analyses of the R&D activities of MNE subsidiaries in the UK and provides new insights into the role of the UK as an attractive location for advanced corporate scientific research. . . . The authors have marshalled a substantial body of survey data using rigorous analytical techniques and soundly-based economic analysis in producing a well-written and persuasive case accessible to both academics and a broader non-specialist readership.' -- Robert Read, The Business EconomistTable of ContentsContents: 1. Multinationals and Industrialisation 2. Roles of Subsidiaries and MNE Evolution 3. Roles and Markets of Subsidiaries in the UK 4. Technology in Subsidiaries 5. Multinationals’ Research and Development in the UK 6. Roles and Motivations of MNE Laboratories 7. Scientific Collaborations of MNE Research Laboratories in the UK 8. Subsidiaries’ Linkages with UK Input Suppliers 9. Multinationals and National Competitiveness References Index

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the impact of foreign investment on selected sectors of two key transition economies - Russia and the Ukraine - to explain the effect of foreign direct investment on the transitional economy. It examines how key Western players in the international investment business have chosen whether to invest in the former Soviet Union and applies these findings to sectors within Russia and the Ukraine. Whilst recognizing the tremendous importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a means to upgrade technology in transition conditions, the study also examines the importance of FDI in internationalizing production. The authors question the difference globalization can make to a transition economy in a situation where domestic investment is not recovering, and where there is still no clear-cut upward trend in levels of production.Table of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Countries: A Global Perspective 3. Alliances and Emerging Patterns of Technological Integration and Marginalization of Central and Eastern Europe within the Global Economy 4. Foreign Direct Investment in Contemporary Russia: A General View 5. Foreign Direct Investment in the Science-Based Industries of Russia 6. Foreign Direct Investment in Relation to Small Enterprises in Russia 7. British and German MNCs in Russia and the FSU: Evidence from the Western Side 8. Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine: First Results, Tendencies and Prospects 9. Foreign Direct Investment in the Former Soviet Union: New Insights Index

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Book SynopsisThis important and timely book is at the forefront of the increasing interest in regional competitiveness in the face of ever stronger global forces. Distinguished contributors discuss issues including the impact and implications of European expansion as well as developments in the Asia-Pacific region. They also examine the driving forces, backgrounds, obstacles and opportunities for regions to become powerful global players. This highly topical book contains a wealth of empirical material and is underpinned by a thorough investigation of the theory and methodology of policy strategies for the positioning of regions in the new global economy. It will be a major source of reference for scholars, policymakers, economic planners and institutions alike in the field of regional science.Trade Review'. . . wide-ranging in scope, both territorially . . . and in terms of topics covered . . . contributes significantly to our understanding of the ways and means by which regional economic development efforts are started and sustained.' -- Jorg Mathias, Regional and Federal Studies'. . . a well-conceived and structured book. . . . Regional Cohesion and Competition in the Age of Globalization is an interesting and well-designed book that would not disappoint readers who are interested in the reshaping of the world economy in recent years.' -- Andres RodrIguez-Pose, Growth and ChangeTable of ContentsContents: Preface Part I: Introduction 1. Globalization and Spatial Diversity 2. Globalization and the Borderless Economy Part II: Trade, Welfare and Growth 3. A Welfare Analysis of Regional Economic Integration 4. A General Equilibrium Analysis of International Trade with the Stackelberg Duopoly 5. The Pattern of Industrialization of the South 6. International Transaction Costs, Trade in Producer Services and FDI Agglomeration 7. An Empirical Analysis of Agglomeration Effects and Locational Choice of Japanese Electronics Firms in East Asia Part III: Spatial Interaction and Competition 8. Regional Cosmopolitanization and the Rise of World Trade Regions 9. Estimates of the Trade Flows between the EU and the East Asian Countries – A Panel Data Analysis on a Gravity-Type Model 10. Links between Emigrants and the Home Country 11. Monopolistic Competition Estimates of Interregional Trade Flows in Services 12. The Region Versus the Rest of the Economy 13. Regional Industrial Specialization and Patterns of Structural Unemployment in the European Union Part IV: Globalization and Regional Policy 14. Regional Development and Interorganizational Policy Making in a Pan-European Context 15. Implications of European Union Expansion for Peripheral Regions 16. A Meta Analysis of the Impact of Infrastructure Policy on Regional Development 17. On the Relation between Information Development and Economic Development 18. Global Opportunities and Regional Strategies 19. An Empirical Study of a Planning Process to Form an Effective Vision for a Region Index

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Book SynopsisThis book brings together a carefully edited selection of new and previously published articles by P.J. Lloyd on the opening of national economies to international trade and investment, and the formation of a truly global economy. It illustrates the major changes to the world trading system and international economy that have emerged as a result of the liberalization of trade and investment during the last few decades.The essays combine theoretical analysis with empirical research on trends in the global economy. Along with a biographical introduction, the book features new introductions to each of the parts on protectionism, trade liberalization, investment and trade in the Asia-Pacific and intra-industry trade. The book presents a unified treatment of trends at national, regional and multilateral levels, as well as discussing the recent Asian crises.This book will be welcomed by those interested in the developments which have led to the 'opening-up' of the global economy in recent decades as well as international trade specialists, those in government and international organizations, and growth and development economists.Table of ContentsContents: Introduction Part I: The Global Economy Part II: Protectionism Part III: Unilateral Trade Liberalization Part IV: Regional Trade Liberalization Part V: Multilateral Trade Liberalization Part VI: Trade and Investment Liberalization in the Asia-Pacific Region Part VII: New Issues in the Global Economy Part VIII: The Theory and Measurement of Intra-Industry Trade Index

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Book SynopsisThis innovative book analyses the geographical patterns in foreign direct investment flows by combining elements from the theory of international production and the theory of economic geography. It develops a model for explaining why foreign direct investment is attracted to certain locations.The book examines foreign direct investment from a spatial perspective and considers how knowledge, regional synergies, economic integration, corporate strategies and networking affect patterns of investment. Using a model, Robert Morsink derives sets of determinants for different foreign direct investment patterns of multinationals and evaluates the corporate strategy behind these flows. First, he analyses investment flows within the European Union. Then, he goes into investments originating from the United States, Japan, Germany and the Netherlands and destined for Western Europe, South and Southeast Asia and North and South America. These analyses enable him to make suggestions for government policy at both the national and international level to attract foreign investment.Foreign Direct Investment and Corporate Networking will be of interest to economists working in the areas of international trade and investment, economic geographers and corporate strategy advisors as well as to policymakers from government and non-governmental organizations.Trade Review'In one of the first studies to link the fields of international business and economic geography Robert Morsink develops a gravity model of geographic location to explain foreign direct investment patterns.' -- Alan M. Rugman, University of Reading, UKTable of ContentsContents: 1. Introduction 2. A Theoretical Framework for Foreign Direct Investment 3. A Model for Analysing Geographical Investment Patterns: MOSAIC 4. Investments within the European Union 5. Investments from the United States 6. Investments from Japan 7. Investments from Germany 8. Investments from the Netherlands 9. Policy Implications 10. Evaluation 11. Summary Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book serves as a concise guide for businesses seeking to enter the U.S. market from an international perspective. The book examines how the United States is positioned in the global marketplace, the potential for businesses entering the U.S. market, and marketing trends and applications, with an emphasis on small- to medium- sized enterprise (SME) market expansion.Full of success stories, readers will develop an understanding of American markets and the American consumer, marketing mix considerations, brand building and activation tools and strategies, approaches to developing a strong and differentiated brand for U.S. market entry, and analytical tools and methods for assessing marketing entry performance.

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Book SynopsisMature businesses across all advanced countries are struggling to find new markets. Indian market has been estimated huge in size, approximately $1.2 trillion in purchasing power parity for the households earning an annual income of less than $4,000. This comes to almost 880 million of Indian population of which 22 percent is urban India and 78 percent rural India.Referred to as bottom of the pyramid/low income/subsistence markets, while these markets offer immense business opportunities they also pose challenges. The needs of this segment have to be addressed by the corporate world but it might need a new approach with new business frameworks for implementation. The companies must understand what constitutes value for this segment, how it is different from other segments and how firms can offer value through their market offerings; accordingly what could be the successful business models Decoding Customer Value at the Bottom of the Pyramid: An Urban India Perspective answers these questions through a practical, rigorous and research oriented way. This book is a must read for business executives across the globe with an interest in the low income customers in India.

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Book SynopsisProject management is a discipline that is practiced in today’s organizations on a global scale. The project manager’s role has therefore become more complex as projects are carried out in different geographical locations using team members who come from a diverse range of languages, cultures, and world views.Project managers improve their chances of success when they seek to understand the cultures and context of the environment with which they interact on a day-to-day basis and modify the way they manage, communicate, and organize. This book identifies some of the most significant complexities faced by project managers when attempting to implement the PMBOK framework in global projects and provides pointers for existing or aspiring managers and project managers. Further, a framework is proposed for assessing and building global project capability and process maturity.

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Book SynopsisGlobalization or international development is more vital than ever for business survival, let alone growth. This book equips readers to optimize genuine export opportunities. It addresses the fears and risks associated with exporting and reassures readers that international growth is available to any business that conducts in-depth research, adopts the right attitude, and develops a comprehensive strategy. Readers are challenged to consider seven key business considerations facing them when seeking success in export markets: product and service adaptation, comprehensive communication, portable protected branding, high-performance tradeshows, optimized go-to-market channels, fit-for-purpose internal organization, and controlled effective cashflow. This concise book serves time-starved small to medium enterprise (SME) entrepreneurs, owners, and directors in any industry anywhere in the world who seek international or global development and those studying or teaching international business.

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Book SynopsisIn this engaging, insightful, and inspiring narrative, Hermann Simon, the world-renowned management thinker, consultant, pricing expert, entrepreneur, and leading authority on the “hidden champions” business model, highlights the influences on his remarkable journey from humble origins on a German farm to advising and sharing the stage with global leaders in industry, academia, and politics. Born in 1947 in the rural Eifel region of Western Germany, Simon’s coming of age parallels that of a country struggling to come to terms with the legacy of World War II and reinvent itself as a new world power. His colorful anecdotes of a youth spent in an agricultural community that in many ways operated as it had since the Middle Ages, reflect the establishment of core values, such as trust, focus, quality, and commitment that served as an anchor against the accelerating pace of technological, economic, political, social, and cultural change in the subsequent decades. Simon takes readers on a journey through time and space, as his—and our—world transformed from isolated to connected, local to global, revealing lessons learned from the extraordinary people (from Peter Drucker to Henry Kissinger) and places he has encountered along the way, through a career that has evolved from research and education to management consulting to leadership and strategy development on a broad scale. His particular interest in the Mittelstand, or “hidden champions,” the small and medium-sized companies that exemplify the German business philosophy and served as the engine of its economic revival, becomes a powerful metaphor of his own experiences in blazing new trails while staying true to one’s roots. For anyone familiar with Simon’s work and contributions, Many Worlds, One Life reveals unique insights into the man himself and the origins of his ideas on successful leadership and business strategy. But more generally, readers in any field or discipline will recognize how their own stories reflect their ties to the past, their accomplishments in an increasingly complex environment, and, ultimately, their roads to the stars.Table of ContentsChapter ​1. Roots.- Chapter 2. Leaving the Middle Ages.- Chapter 3. Years of Thunder.- Chapter 4. Getting Serious.- Chapter 5. Political Bystander.- Chapter 6. Western Journeys: From Charles River to Silicon Valley.- Chapter 7. Eastern Journeys: From Japan to Edge of the World.- Chapter 8. University Life...And Beyond.- Chapter 9. The Seductive Power of Price.- Chapter 10. The Secrets of the Hidden Champions.- Chapter 11. On Wings of Eagles.- Chapter 12. Immersion in The Far East.- Chapter 13. Encounters.- Chapter 14. Magic Moments.- Chapter 15. The School of Life.

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Book SynopsisPricing of export credit is a challenge in the globalised world trade. Annual premia represent billions of euros or dollars and may determine competition. This book develops a rigorous new framework for pricing export credit products, e.g. buyer and supplier credit insurance and performance and working capital guarantees , based on well-known financial and actuarial theories. It introduces the products, the theories and the different data sources in order to apply the mathematical and financial ideas, e.g. discounting, risk-neutral valuation and Merton type defaults. It shows the differences of historical experience and implicit market pricing assumptions. The well-known OECD Arrangement is used as a benchmark for some part of the framework. Short code snippets in R are given in order to re-perform the results and have a basis to try own ideas. Many unprecedented exhibits give new insights into the subject matter. The book is targeted at practitioners and actuaries in the field with a good quantitative background.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Motivation.- Chapter 2. Export Credit Industry.- Chapter 3. Insurance Background.- Chapter 4. Finance Fundamentals.- Chapter 5. Preliminaries.- Chapter 6. New Premium Framework.- Chapter 7. Historic Default Rates.- Chapter 8. Market Version of the Framework.- Chapter 9. Minimum Interest Calculation.- Chapter 10. Comparison with OECD Arrangement.- Chapter 11. Other Pricing.- Chapter 12. Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisThis contributed volume serves as an authoritative reference and guide for anyone looking to study or build a brand in Africa. Despite being touted as the ‘last frontier’ of global brands, very little research exists that examines brands and branding in this emerging market. Authors cover crucial topics such as the history of branding in Africa, branding approaches used by start-ups, religious organizations, political parties, and businesses in the informal economies of Africa, as well as marketing Africa as a brand using practical cases, empirical and critical approaches.With the world’s youngest population and the second-fastest growing economies, Africa has quickly become a hotbed for marketing and consumption of local and global brands. While past research has mostly focused on examining the brand image of Africa and African countries, or on branding Africa as a place for tourist consumption, what is missing is a comprehensive guide that discusses the theory and practice of branding and brands in and from Africa. Through theoretical and practical contributions, the authors of this book seek to fill the knowledge gap about branding in and from Africa. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Marketing Brands in Africa: An Introduction This chapter will provide an introduction and overview of the remaining chapters in the book and how they weave together to tell a coherent story about the topic. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Samuelson Appau PART 1: PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter 2: Branding Start-ups in Africa There has been a massive upsurge in start-ups and start-up hubs and incubators in many African countries, particularly Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa, with Nairobi even being touted as the “Silicon Savannah” of Africa (Jones et al. 2018). Many global brands like Google and Facebook are investing in this space, and yet we know very little about the brand building strategies of these start-ups and how they market themselves to local and global audiences. Contributors to this chapter will examine the success (and failure) factors as well as lessons for building start-ups brands in Africa. Tentative Lead Contributor: Mr Sydney Sam Chapter 3: In Dangerous Waters: Building an Oil and Gas Brand in Africa Oil and gas (or energy) is a controversial industry, and consumers often have negative perceptions and associations of brands in this sector due primarily to their negative environmental impact as well as potential for political conflicts (Hartmann and Apaolaza-Ibáñez, 2012). Thus, brands that operate in this space often need to address these negative images or position themselves as part of the solution and not part of the problem. Contributors to this chapter will therefore discuss the branding strategies to build and market an oil and/or gas (energy) brand in Africa, whiles negotiating these negative industry images. Tentative Lead Contributor: Mr Kevin Okyere Chapter 4: Branding and Marketing Religious Organizations in Africa It is impossible to talk about Africa without talking about religion. Living in the most religious continent in the world, Africans have an “incurably religious” culture that has fostered the mass growth and marketing of religious organizations that actively brand and market themselves to a pluralistic and variety seeking religious audience (Bonsu and Belk, 2010). In many Africa countries, religion is serious business and actively compete with each other and non-religious brands for consumer spend and loyalty. (Appau and Mabefam, 2020). Contributors to this chapter will examine how religious organizations in Africa bridge the sacred/secular boundaries of religion and marketing to successfully build and market themselves as brands. The contributors will also reflect on the benefits and problems of branding religion. Tentative Lead Contributor: Professor Asonzeh Ukah Chapter 5: Visit Africa: Place Branding in Africa Many African countries have been marketed as desirable tourist destinations, which promise an exotic experience that is differentiated from other tourism destinations (Wanjiru, 2006). Contributors to this chapter will discuss the current state of branding African places for tourism consumption and examine opportunities and challenges for other African countries looking to brand their geographical and cultural places as differentiated tourism destinations. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Arinze Nwoba Chapter 6: University Brand Marketing: A Website Analysis of Leading Universities in Africa Increasingly, Universities are taking on a marketing orientation, recognising that they offer a service to consumers (students) who often choose among competing offerings (Maringe and Gibbs, 2008). Traditional Universities in Africa are now competing with both local new entrants such as private Universities and global entrants like European and American universities with local operations in the supply of University education (Mogaji et al., 2020). This increasing competition has led to a need for differentiation by Universities in order to appeal to consumers of University education. Contributors to this chapter will use a content analysis of websites of leading Universities in Africa to understand their brand propositions, differentiated service offerings and design and content narratives to offer insights for successful University branding. Tentative Lead Contributor: Professor Robert Ebo Hinson Chapter 7: Marketing Brands to Rural Consumers in Africa According to data from the World Bank, more than half of Africa’s population live in rural areas. Rural markets are often subsistence, closed, fragmented and heterogenous (Weidner et al., 2010). These characteristics of rural markets present a challenge to marketers, and yet the sheer size of these markets promise great rewards and loyalty for brands that break into these markets (Prahalad, 2004). Contributors to this chapter will examine cases of how some brands succeeded in marketing their goods and services to rural consumers in Africa, and discuss lessons, opportunities and challenges for other brands looking to do same. Tentative Lead Contributor: Mr Feyi Olubodun Chapter 8: Mapping the Positioning of Political Brands in Ghana Ghana’s political brands are maturing and transitioning from their early days forms since the country was returned to a democratic path. Just as most countries of similar electoral rules, the country has experienced a duopolistic dominance with the major players being the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party. These two parties have alternated power between them. Whereas they have pursued similar programmes whilst in government, largely determined by the social-political and economic environments they find themselves, they however differ significantly in their other behavioural forms both in and out of government, including style of leadership, communication, organisation and mobilisation. These factors influence voters’ perceptions about them and become the underpinnings of their political brand image. The chapter will look at how these factors have shaped the political brand image of the two dominant political parties and track the changes that have occurred noting the intra and inter party brand differentials over the years. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Kobby Mensah PART 2: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter 9: Before Coca Cola: The History and Evolution of Branding in Africa Before foreign global brands and Western branding practices came to Africa, branding existed in local business practices with many local brands dominating different sectors of African markets (Starcevic, 2015). Contributors to this chapter will examine the historical evolution of branding as a business practice in Africa. Contributors will examine the indigenization, globalization and creolization of branding across time and space, and offer implications of this evolution for branding practice and theory. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Sladjana Starcevic Chapter 10: Using Local Culture in Brand Positioning and Communication Branding is storytelling (Twitchell, 2004), and great brands are those that tell emotive and compelling stories that reinforce or challenge cultural norms and practices (Holt, 2004). Contributors to this chapter will examine how businesses can leverage relevant local cultural narratives to develop their brand positioning and communication. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Marian Makkar Chapter 11: Unbranded: The Challenges of Branding for Africa’s Informal Economy According to the International Labour Organization, the informal economy in Africa accounts for about 60-80% of employment on the continent. Many micro-entrepreneurs operate in Africa’s informal economy producing and selling many undifferentiated goods and services (Banerjee and Duflo, 2011), operating what Coupland (2005) refers to as invisible brands. Contributors to this chapter will examine the benefits (and opportunities) and problems (and challenges) for building a brand in these informal markets in Africa. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Tendai Chikweche Chapter 12: Brand Africa: The Paradox of Africa’s Image in Global Marketing Discourse Due to legacies of colonialism and post-colonial images of inferior otherness, Africa’s image has been largely negative. Researchers have critically examined some of these negative depictions of Africa in global political and philanthropic discourse, cinematic and media images, and advertising (Bonsu, 2009). Conversely, Africa’s exotica and otherness has been marketed for tourism and its low-income economies is employed in the marketing efforts of philanthropic organizations like World Vision and the Red Cross to solicit aid to support the lives of locals who do need these aids (Osei and Gbadamosi, 2011). For many African Americans whose blackness in America is systematically discriminated against, Africa epitomizes a place of black freedom and black self-actualization (White, 1990). Thus, Africa’s brand image and representations are a paradox. Contributors to this chapter will examine this paradox of Africa’s brand image and reflect on its implications for representations of Africa in marketing theory and practice. Tentative Lead Contributor: Professor Samuel Bonsu Chapter 13: Branding Betwixt and Between the Local and Global Increasingly, the boundary between local and global markets is morphing into one. All global brands are local to a certain place, and global brands can also localize by adapting to local consumer and market peculiarities (Askegaard and Kjeldgaard, 2007). Local brands serve consumers who often have access to global marketplaces and have had their tastes shaped by such exposures and experiences (Samiee, 2019). Like these consumers, local brands also have access to global branding practices and knowledge; local brands too have globalizing potentialities and opportunities. Still, local brands compete against global brands locally, in the same way they compete against other local brands. Contributors to this chapter will reflect on how global/local/glocal conditions affect the practice of brands in Africa, and how consumers demand and evaluate local vs global brands in Africa. Tentative Lead Contributor: Dr Samuelson Appau

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Book SynopsisCrises and disruptions can lead to important changes in economic, social and institutional environments. This collection of influential JIBS articles and original commentaries highlights that MNEs are affected by, and respond to, crises and disruptions differently than domestic firms due to their geographically dispersed operations and wider range of experiences from being active in diverse environments. MNEs can exhibit greater flexibility to ‘avoid’ locations characterised by crises and disruptions, and when affected, they can deploy a more refined set of responses relative to domestic firms.Each article is accompanied by a brand new editorial piece, bringing the research right up to date and reflecting on the impact of the article today. In this way, the book offers an integrated perspective on the antecedents, outcomes and potential opportunities associated with a variety of crises and disruptions such as disease outbreaks, natural disasters, climate change and political unrest.An ideal resource for students and researchers, this book offers new perspectives, policy and practical recommendations as well as a discussion of future trends. The volume concludes with a novel analysis on how businesses can move forward in a post-Covid world.Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction.- 1. Unique Implications of Crises and Disruptions for International Business: How MNEs Are Exposed to Crises and Mitigate Their Effects.- Part-2: Multi-Stakeholder Pressures and Political Conflict.- 2. Speculation in International Crises: Report from the Gulf.- 3. Global Closure, Crises and Financial Markets: A Commentary.- 4. Why and How Might Firms Respond Strategically to Violent Conflict?.- 5. New 'Dominant Logic' on How Firms Respond to Crises: A Commentary.- 6. Why and How Might the Modern MNE Respond Strategically to Violent Conflict: A Commentary.- Part-3 Conflict Zones, Firm Strategy and MNE Performance Outcomes.- 7. Place, Space, and Geographical Exposure: Foreign Subsidiary Survival in Conflict Zones.- 8. Place and Space in Foreign Subsidiary Exit from Conflict Zones: A Commentary.- 9. Impact of Historical Conflict on FDI Location and Performance: Japanese Investment in China.- 10. Foreign Direct Investment and Military Conflicts: A Commentary.- Part-4 Climate Change, Climate Risk and MNE Strategy.- 11. A Perspective on Multinational Enterprises and Climate Change: Learning from "an Inconvenient Truth"?.- 12. International Business, Climate Change and the Energy Transition: A Commentary on the Importance of Business Models and Digitalization.- 13. The Impact of Climate Risk on Firm Performance and Financing Choices: An International Comparison.- 14. The Impact of Climate Risk on Firm Performance and Financing Choices: A Commentary.- Part-5 The Impact of Crises and Disruptions on Local Market Strategies and Legitimacy.- 15. Liability of Foreignness, Natural Disasters, and Corporate Philanthropy.- 16. Liability of Foreignness, Natural Disasters, and Corporate Philanthropy: A Commentary.- 17. International HRM Insights for Navigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Research and Practice.- 18. The Impact of COVID-19 on International HRM Research and Practice: A Commentary.- Part-6 Conclusion.- 19. Moving Forward in a Post-Covid World.

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Book SynopsisCommoditization is a major challenge for companies in a wide range of industries, and commodity marketing has become a priority for many top managers. This book tackles the key issues associated with the marketing of commodities and the processes of commoditization and de-commoditization. It summarizes the state of the art on commodity marketing, providing an overview of current debates. It also offers managerial insights, case studies, and guidance to help manage and market commodity goods and services.Table of ContentsPart I: Fundamentals of Commodity Marketing.- Commodity Marketing: An Introduction into Key Concepts and Processes.- Commodity Differentiation: A Cross-Industry Approach.- Commodities in the Service Sector: Particularities and Implications for Marketing.- Part II: Commodity Marketing Strategies and Tools.- Commodity Pricing: Fast, Simple, Intelligent.- Price Negotiations in Commodity Markets.- A Behavioral Approach to Pricing in Commodity Markets: Dual Processing of Prices within and around Willingness-to-Pay Ranges.- Price Knowledge and Price Expectations: Their Role for Customer Relationship Marketing of Telecommunications Providers.- On Price Roles and Budget Branding.- Customer Participation and Commodity Marketing.- An Economic View on Group Buying as Marketing Approach for Commodities.- Commodities and Customer Loyalty: Squaring of the Circle?.- Updates on the Connection Between Customer Relationship Management and Commoditization.- Customer Engagement as an Approach to De-Commoditisation.- On Becoming Market Oriented in a Commodity Market: Aligning Internal Operational Capabilities with Customer Needs.- Differentiating the Indifferent: Dealing with Commoditization Paradox Through Innovation.- A Configurational Perspective on Brand Relevance in Commodity Markets.- Influencer Marketing as a Counterstrategy to the Commoditization of Marketing Communications: A Bibliometric Analysis.- Part III: Commodity Marketing in Specific Contexts.- An International Perspective on Commodity Marketing.- Non-price-Related De-commoditization: An Exploratory Study in the Refractories Industry.- CRM in the Energy Market: Customer Relationship Management in Commodity Industries Using the Example of an Energy Service Provider.- Illuminating Organizational Processes Behind the Rising Phenomenon of Industry Commoditization.- De-commoditization in B2B Markets: A Communication Perspective.

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Book SynopsisThis book has been written for experienced managers and students in postgraduate programs, such as MBA or specialized master’s programs. In a systematic yet concise manner, it addresses all major issues companies face when conducting business across national and cultural boundaries, including assessing and selecting the most promising overseas markets, evaluating market entry alternatives, and examining the forces that drive adaptation versus standardization of the marketing mix. It looks at the various global marketing challenges from a strategic perspective and also addresses topics not usually found in international marketing texts, such as aligning marketing strategies with global organizational structures and managing the relationship between national subsidiaries, regional headquarters, and global headquarters, as well as corporate social responsibility challenges and pertinent future trends that are likely to affect global business.A guide to suitable video resources giving additional background to this book can be downloaded by all readers by contacting the author. Instructors can also obtain additional support material for teaching. Please email Bodo Schlegelmilch at WU Vienna, using your institutional email and stating your university affiliation: - More than 400 PowerPoint slides covering the material in each chapter- Open Ended Questions - A comprehensive multiple choice test bank with solutionsTable of Contents1. Marketing Strategy: A Global Discipline.- 2. The Global Marketing Environment.- 3. Selecting and Entering Global Markets.- 4. Balancing Global Synergies and Local Responsiveness.- 5. Steps in Developing Global Marketing Strategies.- 6. Segmenting Targeting and Positioning in Global Markets.- 7. Creating Global Product and Service Offerings.- 8. Extracting Value from Global Operations.- 9. Global Supply Chains.- 10. Global Branding and Communication.- 11. Global Digital Marketing Strategy.- 12. Organizational Design for Global Marketing Strategy.- 13. Global Business Responsibility.- 14. The Future of Global Marketing Strategy.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook takes a theoretically informed and practice-based approach to strategic human resource management (HRM) and employment relations (ER). The book follows a unique pedagogical design employing problem-based learning and participant-centred learning approaches, both of which the author has extensive experience in implementing with advanced undergraduate HRM and post-graduate learners.This new edition includes chapters on artificial intelligence (AI) and HR, employee experience and engagement, managing HRM during crises, and eight new cases. In addition, this book includes an online instructors’ manual for instructors.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. HRM and ER: A Strategic Perspective.- Chapter 3. Strategic HRM & ER: Best-Practice Versus Best Fit.- Chapter 4. SHRM & ER: The Resource-Based View.- Chapter 5. Institutional Theory and SHRM.- Chapter 6. Strategic Choice and SHRM & ER.- Chapter 7. Professionalism and Ethics.- Chapter 8. Work Design and HR Planning: A Strategic Perspective.- Chapter 9. Strategic Performance and Commitment Management.- Chapter 10. Strategic Learning and Development.- Chapter 11. Managing Employee Voice.- Chapter 12. Managing Change and HRM.- Chapter 13. Strategic Compensation and Benefits Management.- Chapter 14. Special Topics in SHRM & ER.- Chapter 15. Managing People in a Crisis.

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Book SynopsisThis book uncovers the current knowledge on entrepreneurial cultures and the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems between Asia and Europe. Broadening the scope spatially and conceptually, the book discusses the entrepreneurial ecosystems as a system and mediator in their cultural, political, and socio-economic settings in an interdisciplinary approach. This allows a clearer perspective on stakeholders' interaction, international collaboration and competition, power relations, and political influence. The various chapters in this edited volume cover the peculiarities and differences in Asia, Europe, and Eurasia with the New Silk Road (or Belt and Road Initiative) as the bridging component. The chapters, written for researchers and policy makers interested in Asian-European cooperation, also include discussions on economic systems, globalization, and regionalization, politics, cultures, and digitalization. Table of ContentsIntroducing Central Questions in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems Across Cultures and Regions.- Entrepreneurship in China: Autoethnographic Insights into a Pulsating Entrepreneurial Society.- Institutional Differences and Opportunity Exploitation: A Comparison of Managerial Ties Utilization in Asia and Europe.- Total Incomprehension: Why Entrepreneurs from Europe Do Not Understand China: And It Is Getting Worse.- Economic Reactions to Global Development Strategies: Mapping Public Discourse in Germany on China’s Belt and Road Initiative.- A Comparison of Entrepreneurial Culture in Germany and China.- South Korea’s Startup Ecosystem.- Peculiarities of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in the Caucasus Countries: The Case of Georgia.- Connecting Asia and Europe: Opportunities and Barriers for Knowledge-Oriented Regional Development in Central Asia.- Vietnam and Thailand: Southeast Asian Prospects for Corporate Cultures and Ecosystems in an Asian Century.- The Role of Strategic Alliances in Developing the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of ICV Industry: The Case of NIO Inc.- Agile at Scale Adoption: New Perspectives from a Solely Remote Environment.- Why and How Place Matters.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: Belt and Road Initiative Which Door to Enter Latin America.- Chapter 2: An Evolutionary Perspective on Economic and Industrial Linkages between Chile and China.- Chapter 3: The Dragon and the Pampas Exploring the Depths of China Argentina Relations in a Changing Global Landscape.- Chapter 4: The Battle for Latin America Diplomatic Crisis, Resilience, and the Future of Taiwan.- Chapter 5: Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of China International Trade in Latin America in the Context of Belt and Road.- Chapter 6: Dependence of Latin American countries on the Asian Chinese giant.- Chapter 7: Composition of Latin America China trade basket and the economic growth of the Latin American countries.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explores the theoretical and practical aspects of managing international business operations while also dealing with multi-cultural, multi-national and global issues of managing business expansion beyond the domestic market. A second, revised edition of Managing Internationally: Succeeding in a Culturally Diverse World, each chapter contains up-to-date material, in-depth coverage of topics, visual aids (i.e., charts, tables, etc.), and vignettes, making this new edition engaging, visually appealing and easily accessible for students taking International Business Management courses. The contents of this textbook are separated into four parts. Part one offers introductory information on the scope and importance of international business management as well as the social and ethical challenges. Part two covers cultural and behavioral topics. Part three discusses the strategic and operational aspects of international business management. Part four explores human resources and labor relations. To assist students, each chapter starts a preview section which includes an outline of the chapter indicating the important aspects along with a brief description of the major issues. Following the preview is a vignette that encapsulates the crux of the chapter, often presented in an amusing and engaging manner. To further help students focus on key issues, the text includes the list of useful business cases to which students can refer. To assist professors in teaching from this book, ancillary teaching materials such as sample syllabi, slides, tests and answer keys will be available for download. Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction.- CH 1: The Management of International Business.- CH 2: Socio-Ethical Issues and International Management.- Part II: Cultural and Behavioral.- CH 3: International Management and the Cultural Context.- CH 4: International Communication and Negotiation.- CH 5: Management Leadership and Motivation in an International Context.- Part III: Strategic and Operational.- CH 6: International Environment and Strategy.- CH 7: International Strategic Alliance.- CH 8: Organization of Multinational Operations.- CH 9: Control of International Operations.- CH 10. International Management Information System.- Part IV: Human Resources.- CH 11: International Human Resource Management.- CH 12: International Labor Relations.- Appendix A: Major Leadership Theories.- Appendix B: Major Motivation Theories.- Appendix C: Charter of the United Nations.- List of Cases.- Name Index.- Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisDieser Sammelband greift das vielfältige Wirkungsfeld des internationalen Personalmanagements auf und präsentiert aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse sowie Implikationen und Perspektiven für die Praxis. Internationales Personalmanagement zeichnet sich durch erhöhte Komplexität und vielschichtige Herausforderungen aus, da sich die unternehmerische Tätigkeit auf zwei oder mehr Länder erstreckt. Es gilt unterschiedliche rechtliche Regelungen, kulturspezifische Besonderheiten und Erfordernisse verschiedener MitarbeiterInnengruppen zu berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus verändert ein erweitertes Aufgabenspektrum die Rolle von HR und erfordert neue Kompetenzen. Als strategischer Partner leistet HR somit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Unternehmenserfolg. Die AutorInnen der Beiträge werfen einen kritischen Blick auf die Aufgaben, neuen Rollen und alternativen Ansätze im Personalmanagement.Table of ContentsDas Schweigen der Lämmer? Internationales Personalmanagement und die großen gesellschaftlichen Fragen – Plädoyer für eine Neuorientierung.- Chancen und Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung für das internationale Personalmanagement.- Green HRM.- The changing role of external providers of HRM: empirical evidence from consecutive Cranet surveys.- Veränderte Rollen im HRM – neue Kompetenzanforderungen? Entwicklung eines HRM-Kompetenzmodells.- HR as a change agent for agility: A case study at an international non-profit organization.- Traditionelles Change Management – flexibel genug für multinationale Unternehmen?.- Inklusion von Menschen mit besonderen Bedürfnissen in den Arbeitsprozess.- Diversity Management in der Teamarbeit in multikulturellen Organisationen.- Homophilie, Diversity und Feedback: eine soziale Netzwerkanalyse.- Managers’ awareness of their decision making: Discussing cognitive biases.- Das Management von unbewussten Vorurteilen im HRM: Rekrutierung und Bindung einer diversen Belegschaft.- Unity in diversity.- Gender-Diversity-Netzwerk als Instrument zur Entwicklung einer Gender-Diversity-Kultur.- Verantwortungsvolle Führungskräfte in globalen Unternehmen.- Positive Leadership und Positive Psychologie im interkulturellen Kontext.- Führen mit Augenmaß: Vertrauen und Kontrolle.- Teams entwickeln ist schon schwer, virtuelle noch viel mehr?.- Vernetzung und globales Lernen.- Alte Führungskraft, lernende Führungskraft?.- Lernen in einer sich verändernden Umwelt.- Zukünftige Herausforderungen in der Personalentwicklung und die sich daraus ergebenden neuen Rollen.- Interkulturelle Kompetenzerweiterung im weltweiten Servicevertrieb.- Global careers.- Up in the Air – Höhen und Tiefen von VielfliegerInnen.

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Book SynopsisTorsten M. Kühlmann and Ramona Heinz developed this guideline in reference to a European project designed to analyze the overall situation of skilled immigrants. They show that the management of a workforce which is comprised of people from diverse cultural backgrounds is a challenge for small and medium-sized companies. In particular, the challenge is not only to find but also to integrate and retain immigrant workers and to use their potential to a full extent. This guideline has been developed in order to meet these challenges. It has a special focus on small to medium-sized organizations and sets out to give an introduction to the topic of “managing cultural diversity” and “integrating highly skilled immigrants.”Table of ContentsWhy Tackle Cultural Diversity?.- What Does Cultural Diversity Management Involve?.- How to Hire and Relocate Employees from Abroad.- How to Integrate Immigrant Employees.- How to Create a Positive Diversity Climate.- How to Evaluate Cultural Diversity Management.

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Book SynopsisDieser Herausgeberband widmet sich der Transformation Chinas auf dem Wege zu einem nachhaltigen Entwicklungspfad. Der Fokus liegt darauf, eine auf Innovation und Wissen begründete Wachstumsstrategie zu entwickeln. Das stellt neue Anforderungen an Unternehmen, Hochschulen und Institutionen und an ihr Zusammenspiel. Die für innovatives Wachstum notwendige Autonomie der wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Akteure steht jedoch im Widerspruch zum Steuerungsanspruch der Regierung. In diesem Konfliktfeld bewegt sich dennoch sehr viel und sehr schnell. Der Herausgeberband zeichnet diese vielfältigen Entwicklungen nach und berichtet über konkrete Erfahrungen von Unternehmen, Hochschulen und Beratern sowie aus originären Forschungen.Table of ContentsInnovationen und Innovationspolitik in China.- Transformationen in der chinesischen Hochschullandschaft.- Konkrete Ansätze und Beispiele für beginnende Innovationsdynamik.- Befunde aus Forschungsprojekten und Studien.- Herausforderungen und Konzepte beim Übergang von der Hochschule in den Betrieb.- Management von Wissen und Innovationen in chinesischen Unternehmen.

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Book SynopsisSandrine El Sauaf untersucht interkulturelle Fragestellungen zu Mitarbeiterführung und Verhandlungen mit arabischen Geschäftspartnern und analysiert vor diesem Hintergrund die Managementstile in den Vereinigten Arabischen Emiraten (VAE). Daraus entwickelt sie ein hypothesenbasiertes Modell zum Einfluss der Kultur auf das Management und leitet Handlungsempfehlungen für eine langfristig erfolgreiche Geschäftstätigkeit in den VAE ab.Table of ContentsKulturtheorien, Führung und Verhandeln.- Die VAE und die Arabische Welt - Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede.- Ausprägungen der Kulturdimensionen in den VAE – aktueller Forschungsstand.- Vorhandene Managementstile in den VAE.- Gestaltungsempfehlungen für das Management.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch gibt einen Überblick über die drei zentralen Phasen der Globalisierung in der Moderne: 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert, zweite Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg und zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis in die 2010er Jahre. Die internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen werden anhand der Güter-, Arbeits- und Finanzmärkte, der Weltwirtschafts- und Weltwährungsordnungen einschließlich der Handels- und Geldpolitiken sowie der Organisationsformen und Marktstrategien der wirtschaftlichen Akteure, d.h. der Kaufleute, Handelskompanien und internationalen Unternehmen, dargestellt. Das Buch ist chronologisch aufgebaut, wobei die Darstellung der unterschiedlichen Epochen der gleichen Systematik folgt. Damit liegt zum ersten Mal eine Gesamtdarstellung der internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen seit dem 16. Jahrhundert vor, die einen strengen Vergleich zwischen unterschiedlichen Zeitabschnitten ermöglicht und gleichzeitig die übergreifenden Entwicklungslinien beim Handel, bei der Migration und beim Geld- und Kapitalverkehr, bei den politischen Außenwirtschaftsregimen und wirtschaftlichen Unternehmensführungen herausarbeitet. Table of ContentsVorbemerkungenI. 16 bis 18. Jahrhunder A. Transportträger und Routent B Politik und Recht C.Wirtschafts und Markt 1.Gütermärkte 2. Arbeitsmärkte 3. Finanzmärkte 4. Integration D. Ordnung und Steurung 1. Handel und Zoll 2. Geld un d Währung E. Kaufleute und Unternehmen II. Zweite Hälfte 19. Jahrhundert bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg I. 16 bis 18. Jahrhunder A. Transportträger und Routent B Politik und Recht C.Wirtschafts und Markt 1.Gütermärkte 2. Arbeitsmärkte 3. Finanzmärkte 4. Integration D. Ordnung und Steurung 1. Handel und Zoll 2. Geld un d Währung E. Kaufleute und Unternehmen III. Zweite Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert bis 2010er Jahre I. 16 bis 18. Jahrhunder A. Transportträger und Routent B Politik und Recht C.Wirtschafts und Markt 1.Gütermärkte 2. Arbeitsmärkte 3. Finanzmärkte 4. Integration D. Ordnung und Steurung 1. Handel und Zoll 2. Geld un d Währung E. Kaufleute und Unternehmen Nachbemerkungen

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Book SynopsisDieses essential zeigt praxisnah, wie eine gelungene Unterstützung von Flüchtlingen und Migranten bei deren Bewältigung der integrationsbedingten Anforderungen in eine für sie neue und unbekannte Kultur und Gesellschaft geleistet werden kann. Es werden die Herausforderungen auf Seiten der Flüchtlinge und Migranten einerseits, und der aufnehmenden Gesellschaft andererseits sowie der Fachkräfte, Helfer und Unterstützer in der Flüchtlings- und Migrantenarbeit aus psychologischer Sicht behandelt. Hilfestellungen zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen werden präsentiert und analysiert, verbunden mit Hinweisen zur Entwicklung entsprechender interkultureller Kompetenzen. Table of ContentsIntegrationsspezifische Aspekte interkultureller Handlungskompetenz.- kkulturation, Integration, Kompetenz und Beratung.- Kulturdimensionen und Kulturstandards.- Interkulturelle Lern- und Trainingskonzepte.

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Book SynopsisDieses Praktikerbuch vermittelt interessierten Investoren erstmals einen Gesamtüberblick über die klassischen Investmenthubs Dubai, Hongkong und Singapur. Neben den investitionsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen werden die steuerrechtlichen Grundstrukturen erläutert und die wirtschaftsrechtlichen Aspekte zur Bedienung von angrenzenden Kernmärkten (wie Saudi-Arabien, Indonesien und VR China) beleuchtet. Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen und bilaterale Investitionsschutzabkommen werden dargestellt. Das Buch richtet sich an Praktiker und Entscheidungsträger, die im asiatischen Wirtschaftsraum aktiv sind oder dort aktiv werden wollen. Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch vermittelt deutschen Unternehmen grundlegende Einblicke in Chinas Wirtschaft mit einem speziellen Fokus auf Innovations- und Kreativitätsmanagement. China gilt als eine der Supermächte in der digitalen Transformation und in Schlüsseltechnologien, und auf dem Weg in die digitale Zukunft ist auch deutsches Know-how gefragt. Sowohl in China als auch in Deutschland sind Innovation und Kreativität wichtige Triebkräfte für eine nachhaltige und konkurrenzfähige Wirtschaft. Wissenschaftler und Praktiker diskutieren in diesem Buch aus ihrer jeweiligen Perspektive die aktuelle deutsch-chinesische Zusammenarbeit, chinesische Führungs- und Wertekultur, nachhaltige und soziale Innovationen, Social-Media-Ansätze sowie technologische Innovationen, insbesondere im Handel. Die Experten beleuchten interessante chinesische Projekte, Phänomene und Herangehensweisen und bieten Einsichten in hocheffiziente und erfolgreiche chinesische Denk- und Vorgehensweisen. Ein Buch für alle Verantwortlichen in Unternehmen, die Aktivitäten im chinesischen Markt oder die Zusammenarbeit mit chinesischen Organisationen planen, oder sich von chinesischen Herangehensweisen inspirieren lassen wollen.Weitere Mitwirkende sind unter anderen: Dr. Nikola Bachfischer, innovaMe LAB, München Dr. Birgit Breninger, Universität Salzburg Prof. Dr. Thomas Herdin, Universität Salzburg Prof. Dr. Thomas Königbauer, Hochschule für angewandtes Management, Ismaning Daniel Müller, Ostasiatischer Verein, German-Asia-Pacific Business Association, Hamburg Tim Naumann, Ventum Consulting China, Shanghai Prof. Dr. Doreen Pick, Hochschule Merseburg Prof. Pierre Rafih, Hochschule für angewandtes Management, Ismaning Dr. Barbara Scharrer, GSK Rechtsanwälte, München Prof. Dr. Joel T. Schmidt, Hochschule für angewandtes Management, Ismaning Trade Review“... Neue Technologien, Werkzeuge, Herangehensweisen und Geschäftsmodelle werden diskutiert, ebenso innovative und kreative Prozesse, Projekte und Phänomene. Vergleiche zwischen Deutschland und China werden gezogen und Einsichten in chinesische Denk- sowie Vorgehensweisen und Entwicklungen aufgezeigt. ... Lehrreich, interessant, gut recherchiert.” (Sabine Ursel, in: china-bw.net, 1. Juli 2022)Table of ContentsKreativität und Innovation in China.- Deutsch-chinesische Zusammenarbeit.- Technologische Innovation in China.- Innovation im Handel, New Retail und Social Commerce.- Soziale Innovation, Nachhaltigkeit und Innovation im Bildungsbereich.

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Book SynopsisDas essential vermittelt einen Überblick über den LegalTech-Markt, seine Akteure, Herausforderungen und Vorteile sowie Investionsmöglichkeiten. LegalTech ist derzeit in aller Munde und es haben sich auf dem europäischen Markt zahlreiche Unternehmen etabliert, die die Rechtsdurchsetzung digitalisieren und sowohl Verbraucher:innen als auch Anwält:innen helfen, effizienter zu arbeiten. Dabei ist LegalTech als wichtiger Teil des Fortschritts nicht mehr aus dem Rechtsmarkt wegzudenken.Trade Review Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume strives to support leaders in successfully leading their teams, projects and organizations across borders in an increasingly boundaryless world. From both an academic’s and a practitioner’s perspective, the book focuses on international leaders and their potential to be or become enablers of international success, for and within their respective organizations. The authors are a curated selection of established experts, seasoned leaders, and new voices showcasing novel research, best practices, and business cases. The contributions are assigned to three sections, corresponding to the three core challenges of international leadership: Leading international organizations, leading international teams, and (self)leadership with intercultural excellence. An additional section is dedicated to case studies, exhibiting these challenges in practice.The Foundation of the Swiss Society for Organization and Management (SGO) as well as Innosuisse – Swiss Innovation Agency supported the creation of this book.Table of ContentsInternational Leadership: Effecting Success Across Borders in a Boundaryless World.- Enacting Opportunities Across Borders.- Early and Rapid or Late and Slow?.- Cooperation with Distributors in Arabic-Speaking Countries.- The Curious Case of Leadership in International Branch Campuses in Higher Education.- International Leadership and the Fight Against Corruption.- Intercultural Work Settings: Which Competences for Managers, Leaders, and Teams?.- Co-leading an International Collaborative Team: Relationships Matter.- An Exploration of Humanistic Leadership: Practices in a Multicultural Work Environment.- Developing Global Leadership in Africa.- Emergent Leadership in Multicultural, Global, and Virtual Teams.- Effective Leadership Across Cultures.- The Emergence of Chinese Global Executives.- “A Corporate’s Character is its Fate”: Character and Ethical Leadership in Multicultural Systems.- “Worthy of Trust”: What a Leader Should Do in Order to Be Considered a Trusted Leader.- SME Internationalization: Exploration of Unknown Territories by Strategically Seizing Serendipity.- From Zero to Sales.- Leading Leadership Development.- Building a Healthy Organization.

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Book SynopsisAfrika ist ein Kontinent im Aufschwung, der eine große wirtschaftliche Dynamik entwickelt. Wenn deutsche Unternehmen am Aufschwung Afrikas partizipieren wollen, müssen sie mit einigen Besonderheiten vertraut sein. Das Buch zeigt diesen Weg zu erfolgreichen Geschäften in Afrika. Es ist ein praxisorientierter, gleichwohl wissenschaftlich fundierter Ratgeber für alle Unternehmer und wirtschaftlich Interessierten, die in Afrika erfolgreich sein wollen. Es vereint dabei die Erfahrungen vieler Unternehmen mit der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive und den Erkenntnissen des Centre for Business und Technology in Africa der Hochschule Flensburg.In der 2. Auflage werden neue Entwicklungen auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent aufgegriffen und aktuelle Antworten gegeben auf die klassischen Fragen, die jeder Akteur für sich beantworten muss, der in Afrika wirtschaftlich erfolgreich sein will: WARUM Afrika für das Geschäft interessant ist, WO die größten Erfolgsaussichten bestehen, WIE vorzugehen ist und WELCHE Ansätze zur künftigen Gestaltung der Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Afrika erfolgsvorsprechend sind.Das Buch beschreibt, wie in Afrika investiert werden kann und bündelt die aktuellen Erfahrungen von Managern großer Konzerne und Familienunternehmen mit langjähriger Geschichte auf dem Kontinent.Table of ContentsAfrika hat Potenzial.- Afrika ist nicht gleich Afrika.- Investieren in Afrika, aber richtig.- Das Konzept steht.- Ein Ausblick und fünf Thesen.

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Book SynopsisDieses Buch führt durch die wesentlichen Themen, die für die Geschäftstätigkeit in Vietnam von Bedeutung sind. Von der Durchführung eines einzelnen Projekts bis zur Gründung eines Unternehmens sind die rechtlichen und steuerlichen Voraussetzungen dargestellt. Vietnam hat eine zentrale Bedeutung für den Aufbau verlässlicher internationaler Lieferketten. Dies folgt aus dem Abschluss zahlreicher Freihandelsabkommen, den stabilen aussenpolitischen Beziehungen zu sehr vielen Staaten und den innenpolitisch stabilen Rahmenbedingungen. Vor allem aber aus dem starken Willen der vietnamesischen Arbeitnehmer, erfolgreich zu arbeiten. Allerdings sollten die Einzelheiten einer Investition oder einer geschäftlichen Zusammenarbeit sorgfältig geplant werden. Dieses Buch stellt die dafür notwendigen grundlegenden Informationen zur Verfügung. Table of ContentsEinführung.- Investieren in Vietnam.- Markteintritt.- Einführung in das Steuerrecht.- Projektgeschäft.

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Book SynopsisAusmaß und Struktur des Handels.- Handelskosten und Gravitationsmodell.- Vollkommener Wettbewerb und Handelsvorteile: Partialanalyse.- Außenhandel im Allgemeinen Gleichgewicht.- Ricardo-Modell: Technologieunterschiede und komparative Kosten.- Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson-Modell: Faktorausstattungsunterschiede.- Faktorinhalt und HOS-Modell im Lerner-Diagramm.- Verteilungseffekte: Langfristig vs. kurzfristig.- Wachstum und Faktorwanderungen.- Außenhandel und unvollkommener Wettbewerb.- Intra-industrieller Handel: Empirie und Konzepte.- Neue Außenhandelstheorie: Unternehmen und Märkte.- Direktinvestitionen, Fragmentierung und multinationale Unternehmen.- Instrumente und Wirkung der Handelspolitik.- Begründung protektionistischer Maßnahmen.- Exportsubventionen und strategische Handelspolitik.- Politische Ökonomie und weltwirtschaftliche Institutionen.- Handelstheorie und Unternehmenspraxis.- Holdup,unvollständige Verträge und multinationale Unternehmen.- Intermediation in globalen Märkten.

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Book SynopsisPakistan hat sich als wichtiger Wirtschaftsakteur in Südasien etabliert. Dieser Kurzleitfaden bietet einen Überblick über die rechtlichen und regulatorischen Bedingungen für Investitionen in Pakistan, einschließlich Unternehmensgründung, Investitionsvorschriften, Sonderwirtschaftszonen, Besteuerung und Investitionsanreize. Dabei werden auch potenzielle Risiken aufgezeigt. Die Autoren, erfahrene Rechtsanwälte mit eigener Kanzlei in Pakistan, bieten einen tiefen Einblick in die rechtliche und steuerliche Situation des Landes.Table of ContentsInvestitionsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.- Steuerliche Rahmenbedingungen.- Arbeitsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.

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Book SynopsisBangladesch hat sich zu einer dynamischsten Volkswirtschaft entwickelt. Das junge Land profitiert seit vielen Jahren von beeindruckenden Wachstumsraten u.a. in der Textilwirtschaft. Das vorliegende Essential stellt einen Kurzleitfaden dar, der den Leser durch die rechtlichen und regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen führt, die für Investitionen in Bangladesch gelten. Der Leitfaden behandelt die Gründung von Unternehmen, die geltenden Investitionsvorschriften, Sonderwirtschaftszonen und Investitionsanreize sowie die Besteuerung von Unternehmen und Investoren. Zusätzlich werden die Herausforderungen und Risiken erläutert, die mit Investitionen in Bangladesch verbunden sein können. Die Autoren sind erfahrene Rechtsanwälte mit einem eigenen Büro in Bangladesch und vermitteln dem Leser einen fundierten Einblick in die komplexe rechtliche und steuerliche Landschaft des Landes.Table of ContentsInvestitionsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.- Steuerliche Rahmenbedingungen.- Arbeitsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.

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Book SynopsisEinleitung: Warum Japan?.- Kulturdimensionen nach Hofstede.- Das Dilemma der Unsicherheitsvermeidung.- Vertrauen aufbauen, Unsicherheit abbauen.- Weitere Erfolgsfaktoren.

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Book SynopsisThe tourism and hospitality industry of Bangladesh as a South Asian country has potential. Sustainable development of this industry in this country is on the move. Still, there are some hindrances which appear to be stymieing this industry’s overall development potential. Overcoming such hindrances can be partly enabled by applying digital innovation and introducing more Internet based platforms in the country’s tourism and hospitality industry. The country is believed to have emphasized innovative technology application in this industry, but technology applications in this industry in Bangladesh have so far attracted very few researchers, resulting in insufficient contributions and very limited knowledge.This book, therefore, can make a significant contribution towards the very limited knowledge in this identified research area. On the specific ground of technology application in the tourism and hospitality industry, the book covers concepts and context, the present scenario, product and service offers, and an analysis of the roles of public and private institutions. On related issues, the book also covers social media, networking and connectivity; sustainability practices and climate change effects; tourist experiences; developments; and challenges, suggestions, and future research directions. The book is expected to appeal to general readers, as well as researchers with an interest in technology applications in the tourism and hospitality industry. This book is also an essential read for the relevant policy planners and industry professionals.Table of Contents​INTRODUCTIONPart 1: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Context and Concept Azizul Hassan1. Technological Innovation Application in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh Tauhid Ahmed Bappy and Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi2. The Diffusion of Innovative Technologies: Concept Analysis and Relevant Examples from the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh Azizul HassanPart 2: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: The Present Scenario 3. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: The Present Scenario Ashikur Rahman Avi, Marufa Nasrin and Azizul Hassan4. Technological Innovation Application in the Tourism Industry of Bangladesh Md Yusuf Hossein Khan, Johura Jabin Anika and Azizul Hassan5. The Most recent Technologies (i.e. AI., Machine learning, Chatbot, Robotics, VR/AR/MR and relevant) Kazim Nur Sohad and Sadat al Sajib Part 3: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Product and Service Offers 6. Technology Application in Agri-tourism Sadia Afrin Ananya7. Exploring Factors Influencing Students’ Attitude towards Ecotourism: A Study on University Students of Bangladesh H. M. Kamrul Hassan8. Indigenous Gastronomy in the Chittagong Hill Tracts: A Study on the Application of Information Technology for Tourism Development Mohammad Mohiuddin and S M Sadat al Sajib9. Expanding Muslim Friendly Tourism (MFT): Application Design for Digital Marketplace in the Age of Internet of Things (IoT) Miftachul Huda10. Technology Supported Tourism in the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur of Bangladesh S. A. M. Ziaul Islam and Sadat al Sajib11. Technology Application for Visa and Immigration for Tourists in Bangladesh Md. Alauddin and Azizul Hassan12. Tourist Accommodation in Bangladesh: The Application of Innovative Technologies Dilara Jahan and Azizul Hassan 13. Technology Application in the Aviation/Airliner for Tourists in Bangladesh Sachin Soonthodu, Ishrat N. Wahab and Azizul Hassan 14. Educating Religious Tourism Promotion:A Critical Insight into Social Network Site (SNS) Application ModelMiftachul HudaPart 4: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Role Analysis of the Public and Private Institutions 15. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Role Analysis 16. Tackling the climate change effects and ensuring Sustainability in tourism products and service offers in Bangladesh Md. Rakibul Hafiz Khan Rakib and Azizul HassanPart 7: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Tourist Experiences17. Tourist Experience from Technology Application in Tourism and Hospitality in Bangladesh Azizul HassanPart 8: Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Challenges and Suggestions18. Application of Innovative Technologies in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry of Bangladesh: Challenges and Suggestions Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi and Sazu Sardar Introduction19. of the Public and Private Institutions Khokaneswar Tripura and Md. Ashikur Rahman Avi

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses the concepts, types, models, and patterns of Japan’s Hometown Tax Donation Payment system, to provide a clear picture of this newly developed unique and innovative fund-raising tool used by municipalities. It also sheds light on the influences that reciprocal gifts provided by each municipality to donors have on local economies by reviewing empirical works and surveys targeting local business owners and local financial institutions. A distinguishing feature of the book is that it introduces a new social finance mechanism that is unique to the Japanese market and could provide policy implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as regional development. Furthermore, the book explores the efficacy of the demand–pull approach to support-strengthening SMEs, especially in rural areas. Finally, the book identifies some lessons learned from the system with a view toward advancing research on this phenomenon and making the system efficient and sustainable. As a whole, the book can provide ample benefits to novices, academics, researchers, and policymakers interested in Hometown Tax Donation Payment, an innovative social finance tool.This is an open access book.Table of Contents1 Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society 1.1 Shifting from Regional “Administration” to “Management” 1.2 Why Is Regional Revitalization Difficult? 1.3 High-Risk Funds Previously Limited in Regions 1.4 The Emergence of New Alternative Financing Methods (Social Finance) References 2 Time for Regional Areas to Incorporate Management Perspectives In Pursuit of a Sustainable Society 2.1 Overview of Hometown Tax Donation 2.1.1 Backdrop and History Behind the Creation of Hometown Tax Donation 2.1.2 Virtual Transfer of a Portion of Tax Between Regions 2.1.3 Dispute Between Rural Areas Receiving Benefits and Urban Areas Facing Revenue Outflow 2.1.4 “Gifts” in Hometown Tax Donation: A Core Driver of Regional Revitalization (The Focus of this Book) 2.2 Paradigm Shift in Municipal Administration: From “Administration” to “Management” 2.2.1 A Framework Where Funds Are Secured Through Excellent Marketing 2.2.2 Difficulty in Marketing, Specific to Municipalities 2.2.3 Future Investment—Uncharted Land for Municipalities 2.2.4 Who Are Municipalities’ Customers in Present Times? 2.3 Institutional Issues Involved in Hometown Tax Donation: Total and Partial Optimization 2.4 Various Discussions Regarding Hometown Tax Donations References 3 Effects of Fostering Local Businesses and Measures for Enhancing Business Capabilities: Case studies -Based on Case studies on Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 3.1 Conventional SME Policies Centered on Subsidies and Grants 3.1.1 Current State of Local SME Policies 3.1.2 Toward Improving Management Capability Indices of Local SMEs 3.2 Structural Characteristics of Hometown Tax Donation—From the Perspective of SME Support 3.2.1 Three Structural Characteristic 3.2.2 Difference Between Subsidy Policies and Hometown Tax Donation Gifts 3.2.3 Runup (Fostering) Market: Promoting Launch of Companies and New Businesses 3.2.4 Collaborative Efforts Between Public and Private Sectors 3.2.5 Implications for SME Policies 3.3 Case Studies on Businesses That Enhanced Their Management Capabilities Through Providing Gifts 3.3.1 Case Studies on Upgraded Product Visual 3.3.2 Changes in Distribution Channels and Business Styles 3.3.3 Case Studies of New Product Development, Entry into New Businesses, and Launch of Startups 3.3.4 Impact on Employment of Persons with Disabilities 3.4 Key to Launching Local Companies or New Businesses Through Public-Private Partnerships 3.4.1 Operational Support Impacts SMEs 3.4.2 How to View Sixth Industrialization 3.4.3 Promoting Launch of Local Companies or New Businesses by Creating a Market (Demand) in Advance 3.5 Challenges in Fostering Local Businesses References 4 With a View Toward Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship- Based on Data Analysis and Survey Research of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 4.1 The Need to Grasp the Current State of Hometown Tax Donation Gift Providers 4.2 Method of Survey Research on Gift Providers’ Attributes and Improvement in Their Management Capabilities 4.3 Attributes of Gift Providers 4.3.1 Size of Gift Providers 4.3.2 Breakdown of Gift Providers’ Revenues 4.3.3 Gift Revenue by Amount and by Ratio to Total Revenues 4.3.4 Summary of Attributes of Gift Providers 4.4 Survey Results Regarding Enhancing Management Capabilities of Gift Providers 4.4.1 Changes in Gift Providers 4.4.1.1 Changes in Business Motivation and Management Capability Indices 4.4.1.2 Initiatives Toward Developing New Products or Businesses 4.4.1.3 Effects on Expanding Sales Channels 4.4.1.4 Increase in employment, income and productivity 4.4.1.5 Changes in Business Style and Sixth Industrialization 4.4.2 Impact on Regional Investment and Lending 4.4.3 Effects from Matching Interests Between Municipalities and Businesses 4.5 Implications for and Challenges of Initiating Regional Entrepreneurship Based on Survey Research References 5 Prospects for Regional Financial Institutions to Enhance Their Roles Through Hometown Tax Donation - Current State of Lending by Regional Financial Institutions and of Intra-regional Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration 5.1 Prospects for Regional Development Through Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration 5.2 Cases of Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Driven by Hometown Tax Donation Gifts 5.3 Survey Research Targeting Regional Financial Institutions Regarding Industry-Government-Banking Collaboration Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation 5.3.1 Overview of Research and Attributes of Respondents 5.3.2 Regional Financial Institutions’ Perception of Hometown Tax Donation 5.3.3 Perception of Hometown Tax Donation’s Impact on Local Businesses and Economies 5.3.4 Stance and Current State of Lending to Gift Providers 5.4 Political Implications from This Analysis References 6 Regarding Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement and Increase Associating Populations Implications from Various Measures Triggered by Hometown Tax Donation 6.1 Sharing of People is Important Amid National Depopulation 6.2 Creating Associating and Interacting Populations Through Hometown Tax Donation 6.2.1 Encouraging Experience-Oriented Visits 6.2.2 Rural Areas Actively Approaching Donors 6.2.3 Creating Opportunities for Citizens to Participate in Machizukuri: Strengthening Local Kizuna 6.3 How to Perceive Enhancement of Migration and Settlement Measures 6.3.1 Successful Cases Are Few on a National Scale 6.3.2 Effects and Pros and Cons of Enhanced Parenting Support Measures 6.4 Demographic Analysis of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.1 Analysis Method 6.4.2 Trend in Population Change of Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.3 Trend in Number of People Moving to Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.4 Analysis of Number of People Moving from Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.4.5 Summary of Analysis on Kamishihoro Town, Hokkaido Prefecture 6.5 Implications for Measures by Rural Areas to Promote Migration and Settlement or Increase Associating Populations References 7 The Role of Social Finance in Resolving Regional Issues　-Recent Trends in Japanese Civic Crowdfunding- 7.1 From Municipality-initiated to Civic Engagement 7.1.1 Regional Issues That Cannot Be Dealt with as Desired 7.1.2 Democratization in Securing Budgets Within a Local Government 7.2 Distinction in Features and Usage of CF and Hometown Tax Donation 7.2.1 Difference in Restrictions of Project Owners and Tax Benefits of Funders 7.2.2 Effects on Project Owners 7.3 Civic Crowdfunding 7.4 Recent Trends in Japanese CCF Using Hometown Tax Donation 7.4.1 Overview of Japanese CCF 7.4.2 The Current Status of Japanese CCF 7.4.3 Using Japanese CCF for Disaster Relief 7.5 Collaboration with Private Companies Using Japanese CCF 7.5.1 Projects That Succeeded by Creating a Consortium 7.5.2 A Framework Where Local Issue Awareness and Active Individuals and Companies Back Up Municipalities 7.6 Effects of Japanese CCF on Machizukuri 7.7 Potential Issues of Japanese CCF 7.7.1 Possibility That Unappealing Projects Have Higher Local Demands 7.7.2 Regional Issues vs. Social Issues 7.7.3 Pros and Cons of Municipal Involvement 7.8 Japanese CCF Implemented Through a Regular CF Platform 7.9 Summary: Toward Further Advancement of Japanese CCF References 8 Implications for Regional Development Drawn from the Hometown Tax Donation System --Aiming to Produce Regional Entrepreneurship--

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Book SynopsisIt is an unconditional reality that the tourism industry in Asia is becoming exposed to innovative technologies more than ever before. This book reports the latest research in the application of innovative technology to the tourism industry, covering the perspectives, innovativeness, theories, issues, complexities, opportunities and challenges affecting tourism in Asia. A blend of comprehensive and extensive efforts by the contributors and editors, it is designed especially to cover technology applications in tourism fairs, festivals and events in Asia. The application and practice of technologies in tourism, including the relevant niches of fairs, festivals and events are also covered, with a focus on the importance of technology in tourism. This book highlights, in a comprehensive manner, technologies that are impacting the tourism industry in Asia, as well as the constraints it is facing. It deals with distinct topics, such as tourism promotion, technology-driven sustainable tourism development, social media, accessibility and so on to cover fairs, festivals and events. This book is a significant contribution towards the very limited knowledge in this identified research area, with examples from selected Asian countries. This book is designed to accommodate both qualitative and quantitative research linking theory and practice. This book has a clear focus on outlining the research issues. Each chapter of the book highlights a methodology that was used, with rationale for its use. This book addresses a number of revisions that unify the theme or framework to integrate the chapters.Table of ContentsIntroductionAzizul Hassan Part One Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Theoretical Discussions 1. Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: A Review of LiteratureMohammad Rokibul Hossain 2. Technology Application in Tourism Festivals in Asia: Theoretical DiscussionsEmmanuel Sebata and Md Ruhul Amin Mollah3. Pilgrimage, sporting and tourism event: Application of technologyMuhammad Khalilur RahmanPart Two Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Influential Factors4. How do Social Media Literacy, Psychological Capital, and Work Engagement Influence the Employees’ Morale in Event and Tourism Industry? Fatema Johara, Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani and Md. Aftab Uddin5. Does Workplace Fun Influence Employee Deep Acting? A Moderated Moderation Model in the Event IndustryMd. Aftab Uddin, Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani and Fatema Johara Part Three Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Perceptions and Effects6. The Impact of the Perceptions of Augmented Reality on the Sacred Tourism Places in BangladeshA.S. M. SalimullahPart Four Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Destination Branding7. Technology innovation as a destination branding tool for festivals and events tourism Muhamad Khalilur Rahman8. Technology Innovation and Social Media as a Global Platform for Tourism eventsMuhammad Khalilur RahmanPart Five Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Cases9. Catamaran Tourism Events in Bangladesh: Demand of a New Luxury EventA.S. M. Salimullah10. Information and Communication Technology Application in Tourism Events, Fairs and Festivals in India Saroop Roy B. R. 11. Understanding and Improving Digital Tourism Events in PakistanKalsoom B. Sumra and Mehtab Alam12. A Study on Information Technology and its Challenges towards Sri Lankan Event Tourism: Event Managers’ Perspectives A.M.D.B. Nawarathna and R.S.S.W. Arachchi13. Technology-based Tourism Development Mechanism in China with Events, Festivals and FairsSyed Far Abid Hossain, Faiza Tanaz Ahsan, Arslan Amzad, Kazi Mohiuddin, Xu Shan and Shazia Irshad 14. Approaching the Paradox: Loving and Hating Technology Applications of Indonesia’s Cultural eventsPutu Diah Sastri Pitanatri and Luh Yusni Wiarthi 15. Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Malaysia Sharina Osman 16. Exploring the Role of Technology Application in Tourism Events, Festivals and Fairs in the United Arab Emirates: A Strategy in the Post Pandemic PeriodSyed Far Abid Hossain, Faiza Tanaz Ahsan, Armana Hakim Nadi, Musanna Ahmed and Hafsa Neyamah17. Technology Usage in Tourism Events, Fairs and Festivals: Samples from TurkeyAslı Özge ÖZGEN ÇİĞDEMLİPart Six Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Challenges and Solutions 18. Drawbacks of Tourism Festivals, Events and Technology Application in Asia and Ways to Overcome H.M. Kamrul Hassan and Mohammed Shahedul QuaderPart Seven Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Directions for Future Research 19. Technology Application Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia: Directions for Future ResearchRatan Ghosh and Iffat AnjumConclusionAzizul Hassan

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the importance of ambidexterity in innovation activities and global strategies. Ambidextrous global strategy (AGS) is crucial for global firms in the turbulent twenty-first century. Here, AGS is defined as simultaneous achievements of global integration and local adaptation, or responsiveness, through utilization of a firm’s core facilities and organizational capabilities. To illustrate the specific implementation mechanism, a framework of AGS with global market strategy and organizational capability is shown for the purpose of analysis. There is also a focus on effective ambidextrous business strategies for the digital transformation era. Distinctive features of the book include, first, a framework of ambidextrous innovation and AGS. Second, there are analyses of examples of many industries to implement ambidexterity strategies, including Korean shipbuilding firms, Korean and Japanese steel firms, LCD panel flat-glass manufacturers, Japan’s trucking industry, agricultural corporations, and other Japanese manufacturing firms. Finally, the book focuses on effective ambidextrous business strategies for the digital transformation era with the integration of open and closed innovation. The book presents specific business strategies for survival in the digital transformation era and then suggests an architectural analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) for the realization of AGS. The target readership is made up of academics, students, and practitioners in the areas of global management, organizational theory, and strategic management. Especially for those readers, the book clarifies the critical practices and business strategies of innovative global firms in the era of digital transformation.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the current innovative tendencies characteristic of multifaceted scientific research and practical developments in the field of international business development and sustainable management. This book shows how companies are forced to change development strategies and business models, which actualizes new priorities for scientific research in the field of international business and sustainable management. Therefore, completely new subject areas of research are being formed; management guidelines are being transformed; new business development tools are being developed; the very system of academic research is changing. This book “Innovative Trends in International Business and Sustainable Management” is devoted to the discussion of these and other issues related to all major areas of international business development and sustainable management. This book systematically describes multidimensional trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development of international business and sustainable management in the context of a global pandemic. In this sense, it is unique and relevant for both scientific researchers and modern business practitioners. This book uniquely highlights new priorities of scientific and practical research in the field of international business and sustainable management that require a systematic knowledge of the ongoing transformations of trends, challenges, and opportunities for the development. Aimed at scholars and practitioners, the book provides illustrations of international best practice for conducting business beyond borders. The main goals of the book are firstly to provide opinions on current innovative approaches and technologies for solving modern problems of international business, as well as on the formation of a multi-level system of sustainable management of the socioeconomic systems’ development, secondly, to integrate research from academia, as well as practitioners in order to form priorities, approaches and models of company management in the context of globalization, strategies for the development of management systems in the context of the “new reality”, thirdly, to find the most relevant new areas of research, the results of which can be useful to companies for making management decisions, and concludes to analyze new tools for the development of international business, their capabilities, and areas of applicationTable of Contents1. Rivza Baiba (Ed)Latvia University of Agriculture LLUFaculty of Economics and Social developmentDoctor of Business AdministrationE-mail: baiba.rivza@llu.lvORCID 0000-0002-8719-3102 CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESThe change in the paradigm of business development in the context of a global pandemic and digitalization has an impact not only on the process of economic management itself but also directly on management methodologies and tools. It is characteristic that the transformation of the economy within the framework of management encompasses both separately functioning leading companies of developed countries and each type of activity, sector, and direction. The transformation affects not only the development of international management but also approaches to staffing and interaction with human resources. The values of entrepreneurship are changing - from purely financial aspects to value and customer-oriented results. The new economy is a response to the processes of resource conservation and the implementation of the concept of lean production, which requires the use of innovative solutions to maintain competitiveness in the context of globalization.2. Elena Lazareva (Ed)Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: elazareva@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0001-5829-5372 THE SUSTAINABILITY FORMULA: A HUMAN-CENTERED STRATEGY FOR MANAGING ECONOMIC TRENDS IN THE CONTEXT OF ESG-TRANSFORMATIONThe relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented challenge for the entire planet, requiring a comprehensive response, combined efforts of government and business. In general, the pandemic gave an important impetus to humanity's awareness of the important role of humans and ESG-factors in economic activity. Effective strategic management of human capital is a key condition for increasing the sustainability of innovative development of the economy and society. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the ways of installing human capital, which perform a significant reproduction function in the economy of sustainable innovative development, into the strategic management system. To achieve the goal of the study, the article has solved the problem of systematizing fundamentally new approaches to the strategic management of socio-economic systems, aimed at increasing human resources; the systems of human capital characteristics that affect the degree of sustainability of socio-economic trajectories are structurally presented; the specificity of the innovation-reproduction function of human resources is revealed, the strategies for the increment of human capital in the management system for the sustainable-innovative development of the economy are substantiated and empirically verified. The novelty of the author's approach lies in the substantiation of the directions of integration of the structural model of human capital as an important resource-reproductive component of sustainable and innovative development of the economy into the strategic management system. The results of approbation of the author's developments can serve as the basis for the formation of an effective regulatory mechanism that ensures an increase in the degree of stability of the trajectory of innovation-oriented economic development in the context of fluctuations in the world socio-economic system.3. Anton Murzin (Ed), Chang ShanyiSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, ChinaE-mail: admurzin@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0001-9190-8919 MODELING THE REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN BORDER CHINA'S PROVINCES BASED ON THE SOLOW MODELAs the concept of green development is becoming more and more popular today, the driving factors of regional economic growth significantly affect the high-quality and sustainable development of the regional economy. Taking the Solow growth model as the basic framework, using the economic development data of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang in three provinces in China since 2010 to carry out empirical research to measure the contribution rate of various factors such as capital input and labour input to economic growth; The model is expanded to study the long-term driving forces of economic growth in several provinces, and explain the current and long-term kinetic energy conversion. At this stage, capital investment is still the main driver of economic output in several provinces. Several provinces should focus on scientific and technological innovation, optimize and adjust the industrial structure, integrate technological factors into the capital and labour supply side, comprehensively deepen technology-based improvements, and accelerate the transformation of economic growth power.4. Elena PopkovaMoscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, VolgogradE-mail: 210471@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0003-2136-2767 STRATEGY FOR THE FUTURE: PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLDThis study identifies the key problems that humanity faced in the first two decades of the 21st century and will actively fight until 2030: climate change, the suspension of economic growth and the need to accelerate it, rethinking globalization, the need to improve the quality of life and ensure security. The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals confirmed the global recognition of their priority. Science must outline and propose means for modernizing security systems.This study identifies the prospects for the implementation of urgent tasks of economic sciences to solve the key problems of humanity noted based on the capabilities of the digital economy and Industry 4.0. The study is based on a progressive methodology for conducting dataset research, which allows, based on current international statistics, to carry out economic and mathematical modeling of the current state and best practices, as well as to conduct a strategic analysis of the prospects for the development of the world economy. The target focus of scientific research carried out in the 2020s is outlined. A new scientific vision of the growth strategy of developing countries was proposed, and the scientific foundations for the application of advanced digital technologies of Industry 4.0 to solving urgent problems of economic science in the interests of humanity were developed.5. Jeddy ShahriarCommercial Expert, Tehran, IranE-mail: jeddy.shahriar@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0003-1967-9490 REVIEWING THE EFFECTS OF IMPEDIMENTS OF INTENTION TO TRUST FOR PURCHASING ONLINE PRODUCTSIn Iran, during recent years there has been a quantitative and qualitative increase in online business sectors. However, despite the daily growth of virtual business networks, Iranian consumers regrettably did not trust such deals in a way that should be expected but were still willing to purchase the products in person through traditional channels. Trust and security of websites are considered to be the most important factors for the users as such businesses are under the category of B2C, and thus the satisfaction, as well as trustworthiness for the consumer, is on the priority. The purpose of this research is to investigate and review the Effects of Obstacles of Intention to Trust for Purchasing Online Products. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model was used for the analysis of data by means of Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The population sample size for the study was 71 persons examined by an online survey. The findings revealed that there was positive significance between lack of integrity, lack of benevolence, lack of competency and intention to trust. In the meantime, intention to trust was significant with the intention to purchase. Consequently, it was suggested that e-tailers should try to enhance the dimensions of their trustworthiness to e-clients.6. Nadezda GriskjaneDaugavpils University, Daugavpils, LatviaE-mail: nadezhda.grishkyane@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0002-9532-8441 SOCIALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY IN LATVIAThe smart economy is the new direction of economic development that can be characterized by intellectualization, institualization, ecologization and socialization. To manage the smart economy is necessary to analyze all these characteristics in global, makro, mikro and mezo levels. A modern economy is an economy that focuses on the everyday context of people's lives. Therefore, in the transition to a smart economy, it is necessary to study and analyze individual characteristics of the population, as well as its lifestyle. This is the socialization of the economy. In the world, subjective assessment is mainly used to analyze the socialization of the economy, but in this article the author makes an objective assessment of the socialization of the economy in Latvia and its regions, taking into account official statistics.This article describes and analyzes the indicators of socialization of the economy, as well as their impact on the well-being of the population in Latvia and its regions.7. Ankita GuptaColliers International, Mumbai, IndiaE-mail: guptaankitain@gmail.comORCID: 0000-0001-9542-3417 ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK ANALYSIS FOR COST ESTIMATION OF BUILDING PROJECTS IN INDIAIn Construction Management, it is difficult to predict the cost estimate during the preliminary stage of the project. The difficulty stems from limited information and unknown factors. This paper aims to use Artificial Neural Networks to predict the cost estimate for construction projects. Due to their self-organizing nature, they can be used to solve problems even with low-level programming. This makes them useful in interpreting and generalizing inadequate input information. ANN's are crude derivatives of the biological neural network with a single-layered or multi-layered neuron in the form of the input layer, hidden layer and output layer. The neural network first has to undergo training from historical data to make predictions or show results. The size of the data set, the number of hidden neurons and the neural network architecture determines the success of the results. For the purpose of cost estimation, cost drivers were taken as inputs and their estimated costs were taken as the target value. The cost drivers were selected carefully through literature review and survey to provide accurate results for the estimate. Pareto analysis was performed to identify the most important cost drivers in a construction project. A problem was formulated based on these drivers and the data set was trained with a neural network using the MATLAB software. The training was carried out till the greatest correlation and least Mean Squared Error was obtained after multiple iterations. This trained data was used to predict the cost for a new project.8. Aibek TursunovHigher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, RussiaE-mail: atursunov@hse.ruORCID: 0000-0002-4875-611X СLUSTER NETWORKS MANAGEMENT: INTER-CLUSTER BENCHMARKING MODELS FOR EAEUThe inter-cluster cooperation and collaboration tie formation or a cluster network establishment could serve for a deep understanding of cluster policy development potential and effective innovative development management in the Eurasian countries, including achieving strategic goals. In this paper, we had studied new inter-cluster tie possibilities and drawn up a Eurasia cluster network concept. By examining common factors of all clusters located in EAEU, analyzing influencing effects on new inter-cluster tie formation and outlining significant factors. According to revealed factors, management tools were benchmarked in order to highlight the Eurasian cluster network concept. Since, the practice on such network, the cluster policies of Eurasian Union countries and cluster organizations management instruments were taken into account in the delivered concept, we conclude with a wide description of the concept that has practical implementation and highly likely could be adapted in Eurasian economic realities.9. Tatyana KocherginaRussian Customs Academy Rostov Branch, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: tpodgurskaya@mail.ruORCID: 0000-0002-0972-5652 ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY RISK IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENTCountry risks determine the environment for doing international business in a particular country. The business environment is characterized by the action of political, economic, technological, socio-cultural and other factors. To assess country risk, these factors must be taken into account, as they affect the final result of a business transaction. Country risk assessment is carried out by collecting information, processing it taking into account the chosen methodology, identifying risks, developing a strategy for the company's behaviour in the external market in order to minimize risks external for the company. The information base for assessing country risks is the data of international ratings, for example, the Global Competitiveness Index, the Doing Business Index, the Country Risk Rating (WMRC), and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) ratings. In modern conditions, the methods for determining the positions of countries in the rating data are criticized, which necessitates adjusting the methodological approaches to determining the rating indicators. The information collected in the form of indicators of international rankings represents a large amount of data. The processing of this data set presupposes the presence of certain software products developed in accordance with the selected risk assessment methodology. Risk assessment methods and risk indicators are independently determined by the firm following its strategy for organizing and conducting international business.10. Yuri KolesnikovSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: yakolenikov@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-4057-0943 TAX INCENTIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATIONIn the Russian Federation and European countries, there are national strategies and programs for the digitalization of the economy and society. Even though the state goals and objectives are similar in most cases, the approaches, in turn, to the implementation of the policy are somewhat different. Thus, the digital economy is characterized by economic activity, the key factor of which is IT production with data in digital form, contributing to the formation of information and telecommunications infrastructure. The degree of digitization of the economy allows us to predict the dynamics of GDP indicators in many countries of the world. It is worth noting that according to the growth rates of digitalization implementation in the economy, Russia is among the TOP 5 countries. Scientists agree that the digital economy is the only possible option to meet the needs of society in the XXI century. Digital technologies are transforming not only business within the country, but also pose new challenges to the tax system. Thus, this paper considers the tools of tax incentives that accelerate the process of digitalization of the economy. Digitalization of all spheres of life requires the state to exercise balanced tax supervision and take decisive actions in the national tax policy, providing the participants of the tax system with benefits and subsidies for the formation of the competitiveness of the Russian economy on the world market.11. Alla KiselevaSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaE-mail: avkiseleva@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-6252-0429 IDENTIFYING FINANCIAL BARRIERS TO THE USE OF INDUSTRY 4.0The report substantiates the inextricable link between financial, economic and constitutional construction. The author believes that the main obstacles for a long time, as well as the opportunities for the successful implementation of the 4:0 industry in the Russian Federation, lie in public legislation: constitutional and financial. The main trend of the fourth industrial revolution is the supposed clarification of a person from the production process, the replacement of human labour with robotic processes and programs. States, on the one hand, carrying a social function, cannot and do not want to allow unemployment, which can lead to upheavals in the political system, and will also inevitably lead to a reduction in the sources of tax revenue of the budget, which, in turn, undermines the foundations of statehood. On the other hand, market capitalist economies are a one-way road. Each of the economically active subjects makes the production process as efficient as possible in order to maximize consumption. Constitutions in the modern sense arose precisely to protect capital, reflecting the results of the political victory of the new economically powerful class – the bourgeoisie. The new values recognized by the world community are expressed in the UN Sustainable Development Goals and are related to the future of humanity as a whole.12. Roman Revunov, Sergey RevunovSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don; South-Russian State Polytechnic University, Novocherkassk, RussiaE-mail: rrevunov@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0002-5089-4204 MODELING A UNIFIED EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF EURO-ASIAN STATESAnalysis of the main trends in the world labour market shows that the basic requirements for the level of education and training of job seekers are constantly increasing. The relevance of the work is due to the need to create favourable socio-economic conditions for attracting and retaining foreign citizens on the territory of the Russian Federation that meet the needs of the Russian labour market in qualified personnel, as well as the potential willingness to apply the knowledge gained in the Russian education system to carry out highly productive work within their own countries. One of the primary tasks is the search for a universal and effective mechanism for managing human capital with modern means of infocommunications in the context of an export educational model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic directions of personnel training for the Russian economy, the development of human capital by increasing the competitiveness of Russian education, and the identification of factors to stimulate the export of educational services. The achievement of the goals set by the study is predetermined by the analysis of the main measures for the introduction of progressive digital tools into the export model of education, the formation of conditions for the effective self-realization of participants in the educational process, regardless of their territorial location. An analysis of empirical data shows that at the present stage, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan have the potential for integration in the educational space, which allows, using digital tools, to form an effective environment for training highly qualified specialists for various sectors of national economies. The predicted results of our study can be considered the development of a set of socio-economic, organizational and technological recommendations aimed at increasing the human capital index and, as a consequence, the quality of life of all participants in the educational system (both in the model of its export and for an effective strategy for the development of education within the country).13. Evgeny MartishinSouth-Russian State Polytechnic University, Novocherkassk, Russia.E-mail: martishin@bk.ruORCID: 0000-0001-8595-2155 EVOLUTIONARY MANAGEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTThe article reveals the tools and use of new areas of management: evolutionary management, DNA management, etc., shows their role in managing economic growth and sustainable strategic development of the economic system. The principles and tools of DNA management are being expanded and applied in macroeconomic research.The structure and mechanisms of evolutionary management, DNA management, new evolutionary-genetic and institutional factors, sources of economic growth and their management are highlighted. The article substantiates the systematic and interdisciplinary methodology, the principles of its use, the logical and semiotic nature of economic genes and genotype, the content of semiotic methodological tools, first of all, the structure of genotypic concepts and logical forms of economic genes, the influence of these mechanisms on economic growth and sustainable development. The economic genotype sets the direction of the functioning and development of the economic system. Hence, based on evolutionary and genetic principles, a prognostic basis for the strategy of economic growth and sustainable development, programs for its practical implementation and their monitoring are created. In managing the implementation of strategic forecasting and planning, it is important not to unambiguously or probabilistically anticipate development scenarios, but to establish, first of all, a logical sequence of the stadiality of economic evolution. Strategic management involves the implementation of the goals of socio-economic development and priorities of socio-economic policy. Such goals at the macro - and micro-levels are, as it is justified, the content of genotypic concepts of the economic system. From the standpoint of the evolutionary-genetic approach, the management of economic growth and sustainable development involves the activation and stimulation of economic genes and genotypic structures, the elimination of socio-economic negative mutations in the development process.14. Taiwo T. LasisiSouthern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Bahcesehir Cyprus University, North Cyprus, Turkey.E-mail: lasisi@sfedu.ruORCID: 0000-0003-1912-5391 MODELLING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATURAL RESOURCE RENT, URBANIZATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND CARBON EMISSIONS: DOES ECO-INNOVATION MATTER?Even though Luxembourg is flourishing economically, the annual carbon emission of the country is still experiencing an upward trend, which indicates that their economic growth achievements are not sustained simultaneously with their environmental quality. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of economic growth, urbanization, total natural resource rent, and eco-innovation on the carbon emissions of the country. Data spanning from 2003 to 2016 was used and several econometric methods were used to determine the impact of these variables. Findings revealed that economic growth and natural resource rent significantly increase carbon emissions while urbanization also increases carbon emissions but is not statistically significant and eco-innovation was found to reduce carbon emissions both in the short and long run. Based on these findings, it is recommended that policies are put in place in Luxembourg to promote environmental-related technologies to ensure environmental sustainability.

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