Geophysics Books

Book SynopsisThese three works cover the entire field of formation evaluation, from basic concepts and theories, through standard methods used by the petroleum industry, on to new and exciting applications in environmental science and engineering, hydrogeology, and other fields. Designed to be used individually or as a set, these volumes represent the first comprehensive assessment of all exploration methodologies. No other books offer the breadth of information and range of applications available in this set.Trade Review"…fundamental knowledge and general rules of well logging are gathered and clearly presented and the reviewed book can play important role in the education of log analysts."-Jadwiga Jarzyna, Environmental ProtectionTable of ContentsCONTENTS: Resistivity Methods. Focused Resistivity Methods. Induction Methods. Resistivity Log Interpretation. Spontaneous Potentials. Natural Gamma Radiation. Gamma Ray Spectroscopy. Neutron Porosity Logging. Neutron Activation Methods. Formation Evaluation - Standard Methods. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHandbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition focuses on toxic substances and how they affect ecosystems worldwide. It presents methods for quantifying and measuring ecotoxicological effects in the field and in the lab, as well as methods for estimating, predicting, and modeling in ecotoxicology studies. Completely revised and updated with 18 new chapters, this second edition includes contributions from over 75 international experts. Also, a Technical Review Board reviewed all manuscripts for accuracy and currency. This authoritative work is the definitive reference for students, researchers, consultants, and other professionals in the environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology - in academia, industry, and government.Trade Review"… This book is destined to be the reference of ecotoxicology, offers a valuable overview of the subject, and constitutes a valuable guide to students, researchers, consultants and other professionals in environmental sciences, toxicology, chemistry, biology, and ecology." - International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2004Table of ContentsQuantifying and Measuring Ecotoxicological Effects. Contaminant Sources and Effects. Case Histories and Ecosystem Surveys. Methods for Making Estimates and Predictability in Ecotoxicology. Special Issues in Ecotoxicology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlthough the origin of Earth's and other celestial bodies' magnetic fields remains unknown, we do know that the motion of electrically conducting fluids generates and maintains these fields, forming the basis of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and, to a larger extent, dynamo theory. Answering the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary introduction to this area, Mathematical Aspects of Natural Dynamos provides a foundation in dynamo theory before moving on to modeling aspects of natural dynamos.Bringing together eminent international contributors, the book first introduces governing equations, outlines the kinematic dynamo theory, covers nonlinear effects, including amplitude saturation and polarity reversals, and discusses fluid dynamics. After establishing this base, the book describes the Earth's magnetic field and the current understanding of its characteristics. Subsequent chapters examine other planets in our solar system and the magnetic field of stars, including the sun. The book also addresses dynamo action on the large scale of galaxies, presents modeling experiments of natural dynamos, and speculates about future research directions.After reading this well-illustrated, thorough, and unified exploration, you will be well prepared to embark on your own journey through this fascinating area of research.Trade Review"Dormy and Soward are the editors of the book, they have done a magnificent job in taking what was evidently a series of paper written by scientists from around the world and combining them into a single book that has a consistent tone throughout out." – In Books-on-Line, August 2007". . . the quality of the text is high, and the content is far from reiterating previous works . . . highly recommended; particularly those new to the field, but also as a reference and refresher for those already immersed in the topic." – Graeme Sarson, University of Newcastle, in GAFD, September 2008Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction to Self-Excited Dynamo Action. Nonlinearities and Saturation. Dynamics of Rotating Fluids. The Geodynamo. Planetary Dynamos. Stellar Dynamos. Galactic Dynamos. Survey of Experimental Results. Prospects. Appendices. References. Indices.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new anthology is a comprehensive introduction to the field of risk theory. The introduction provides the ideal starting point for students and professionals new to risk studies and offers a concise refresher for researchers and practitioners. Coverage includes the origins of the 'concept of risk' and its often misunderstood cousin 'uncertainty,' before moving on to address risk perception, risk communication, the idea of trust and post trust as well as risk in policy and regulation with a close look at the Precautionary Principle. Following the introduction, the volume includes a selection of the most significant and influential works on risk in their entirety. These selections, organized thematically to cover the breadth and depth of the field, provide greater detail and elaborate on the key themes and major developments in risk studies. Together they comprise the essential literature necessary for a full understanding of risk theory and practice on any issue and in any context.Trade Review�The collection of papers selected for this volume provides an excellent and representative overview of risk research in philosophical, psychological and social perspectives. This reader combines, in a unique way, breadth, substance and relevance.� ORTWIN RENN, Professor and Chair of Environmental Sociology, Stuttgart State University, Germany �L�fstedt and Boholm show the complexity of risk decisions and the richness of risk research, with a collection ranging from seminal articles to current research. It will reward students, scholars, officials, and citizens trying to follow the action in risk controversies.� BARUCH FISCHHOFF, Howard Heinz University Professor, Carnegie Mellon University, and former President of the Society for Risk Analysis 'The Earthscan Reader on Risk is an excellent introduction for students, professionals, and even lay readers.' 'Especially recommended as a refresher text for researchers or practitioners in the field of risk management, as well as for college and university library collections' The Midwest Book Review, 2009.Table of ContentsPart I: The Concept of Risk * The Policy Implications of Differing Concepts of Risk * A Philosophical Perspective on Risk * Uncertain Times * The Notion of 'Risk' and the Development of Modernity * Part II: Risk Perception * Gender, Race, and Perceived Risk* How Safe is Safe Enough? A Psychometric Study of Attitudes towards Technological Risks and Benefits * Risk as Feelings * Part III: Communication about Risk * Accounting for the Social Context of Risk Communication * Risk Communication and Management in the 21st Century * Part IV: Trust and Post-Trust * Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation * Salient Value Similarity, Social Trust, and Risk/Benefit Perception * Part V: Policy and Regulation * Risk-based Decision Analysis in Support of Precautionary Policies * Risk Regulation Under Pressure: Problem Solving or Blame Shifting? * The Precautionary Principle and its Policy Implications * Uncertainty and Environmental Learning:* Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOne of the major problems facing practitioners and scientists working with water management is how to integrate knowledge and experiences from scientific, policy and stakeholder perspectives. In this book this science-policy-stakeholder interface (SPSI) is examined both analytically and through the description of practical experiences from river basins in Europe, India and South-East Asia. These include the Tungabhadra (India), Sesan (Vietnam/Cambodia), Tagus (Spain/Portugal) and Glomma (Norway), which particularly highlight issues associated with pollution, severely altered river flows and transboundary conflicts. Following two chapters which lay the framework for the book the authors describe how SPSI was managed in the case study basins and how stakeholder participation and scenarios were used to integrate different perspectives, and to facilitate the communication of different forms of knowledge. Four important aspects of water management and SPSI are then discussed; these are water pollution, land and water interaction, environmental flow and transboundary water regimes. Short descriptions of the case study rivers are provided together with analyses of how SPSI was managed in water management in these basins and policy recommendations for the basins. The book concludes by providing a series of recommendations for improving the science-policy-stakeholder interface in water management. It represents a major step forward in our understanding of how to implement integrated water resources management. Trade Review'There is a fast growing field of interest around the coupling between scientific results and policy uptake. This highly updated book reflects upon these issues in the context water management. An important feature of the book is the discussion of science-policy interfacing needs with practical examples from four river large basins. The book will be a valuable reference for others engaging in research for sustainable development as well as policy-makers and stakeholders involved in IWRM implementation and development.' Philippe Quevauviller, DG Research, European Commission, and Dept. of Hydrology and Hydrological Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) 'Integrating different forms of experts' and local knowledge is increasingly needed to cope with the challenge of managing complex socio-ecological systems. This book, by a highly interdisciplinary, multinational team, describes and reflects upon sustainability challenges in the context of integrated water resource management (IWRM). The authors' analysis of these challenges, however, translates beyond the water context into useful insights for a much broader community of sustainability-oriented researchers and practitioners.' Carlo Sessa, Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems. RomeTable of ContentsList of Contributors Acronyms Preface 1. Introduction: The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface (SPSI) 2. Putting the 'Integration' In Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface 3. SPSI and Stakeholder Participation 4. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder Interface in Sustainable Water Management: Creating Interactive, Participatory Scenarios Together with Stakeholders 5. The Science-Policy-Stakeholders Interface in Water Pollution Assessment 6. The Science-Policy-Stakeholder-Interface (SPSI) in Land and Water Use Interactions 7. SPSI and Environmental Flow 8. The SPSI and Transboundary Water Regimes 9. SPSI in Water Management- Lessons Learnt and the Challenges Ahead Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAround the world, asbestos-related diseases are on the increase. Meanwhile, in many newly-industrializing and developing countries, asbestos use continues unabated. This book, based on anthropological fieldwork in the UK, India and South Africa, explores people's understandings of their illness, risk, compensation and regulation, contrasting these personal and community narratives with formal medical and legal understandings. Linda Waldman shows how the domination of medical and legal framings of risk and disease over those of workers, sufferers and activists can narrow the responses chosen by government. This provides important lessons for researchers, policy makers and regulators, demonstrating that opening up to alternative understandings can create more effective policy responses to move towards sustainability and social justice. Published in association with the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). Trade Review'Combining Anthropology with Science and Technology Studies, and providing case studies from India, South Africa and the UK, The Politics of Asbestos is passionately written, theoretically engaged and empirically rich. It deserves to be widely read.' Peter Newell, Professor of International Development, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 'Writing in a clear and simple style, Linda Waldman sets out a fascinating narrative spanning three continents.' Usha Ramanathan, Independent law researcher, Delhi, India 'This engrossing book interweaves the global politics of science with the intimacies of identity and provides an innovative methodological model for exploring comparative case studies at a large scale.' Fiona Ross, Associate Professor of Social Anthropology, University of Cape Town, South Africa 'Through the different case studies, Linda Waldman draws out the intersecting, and at times, conflicting ways in which asbestos destroys, disempowers, galvanises, mobilises and even empowers people in pursuit of social justice, compensation and benefits.' Dinah Rajak, Lecturer in Anthropology, University of Sussex, United KingdomTable of Contents1. Introduction: The Problem of Asbestos 2. 'I've Got the Dust As Well': Asbestos Litigation, Pleural Plaques and Masculinity in the UK 3. Evaluating Science and Risk: Living with and Dying from Asbestos in South Africa 4. 'Show me the Evidence': Science and Risk in Indian Asbestos Issues 5. 'Through no Fault of Our Own': Asbestos Diseases in South Africa and the UK 6. Re-framing Risk: Comparative Framings of Asbestos and Disease 7. Conclusion: Diseased Identities and Social Justice

Read more less

Book SynopsisAs governments around the globe begin to wake up to the far reaching effects of changes in climate, the search for available options and instruments for addressing the issue becomes increasingly vital. This authoritative, step-by-step guide to the assessment of the impacts from, and potential adaptations to, changes of climate is based on the approach developed by the authors and other scientists for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This approach has been widely adopted as 'best practice' by experienced researchers but has not, until now, been available in an accessible form. This illuminating account of the methods used by the IPCC scientists will be essential for all those involved in the study of climate impacts and adaptations, or designing and implementing policies for dealing with them. Written in non-technical language, this state-of-the-art guide is ideal for all people interested in the far-reaching implications of climate change and the greenhouse effect. The book contains numerous illustrations, including several worked examples, clearly presented in boxes and diagrams.Table of ContentsIntroduction * Understanding and Predicting Climate Change * Climate Impact Assessment: Developing the Method * The First Step: Defining the Problem * The Second Step: Selecting the Method * The Third Step: Testing the Method * The Fourth Step: Developing the Scenarios The Fifth step: Assessing the Impacts * The Sixth and Seventh Steps: Evaluating Adaptive Responses * Conclusions: Organizing the Research and Communicating Results * Appendix 1:Summary and Main Features of Integrated Assessment Models * Appendix 2: Some International Data Sources of Interest in Climate-Impact Assessment Studies * References and Notes * Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisEnvironmental hazards do not respect international boundaries. In this volume, distinguished international researchers make a significant contribution to the understanding and management of transboundary environmental risks. The transboundary risk topics addressed highlight the key political, economic, social and cultural issues of our times, such as how transboundary risks are constructed, how they are communicated within and between countries, how the authorities can build trust in political management processes, and what forms of democratic risk management institutions are appropriate. Useful practical lessons on the management of transboundary risk at the national and international levels are drawn from the case studies. The volume provides valuable evidence and analysis for those working on international environmental issues and all aspects of risk management.Trade Review'Valuable material for those working on international environmental issues and risk management.' Environment Business Magazine '[An] excellent introduction to basic principles.' Aslib Book Guide 'The book provides valuable insights into analysis and management of transboundary risks... It provides a solid introduction to the sociological complexities of transboundary risk management and highlights a problem much in need of attention. I recommend this book as a solid introduction to international environmental issues.' Risk Analysis 'Many important themes repeatedly surface in this volume... These themes are dealt with clearly and in reasonable depth. Through the case studies the book also offers consideration of a sample of transboundary issues.' Environmental Politics 'This volume offers many interesting insights and points out the challenges in managing transboundary risks. It is a welcome addition to the existing literature that will be relevant to anyone interested in risk management issues.' Journal of Risk ResearchTable of ContentsPreface * Foreword * Introduction * Swedish Aid and the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant * Genetically Modified Crops: What Transboundary Harmonization in Europe? * Transboundary Air Pollution: Lessons for Useful Analysis * Cultures of Uncertainty - Transboundary Risks and BSE in Europe A Transboundary Environmental Controversy on the Danube: The Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Dam System * Transboundary Risk Management in the South: A Nepelese Perspective on Himalayan Water Projects * Border Crossings * Public Participation Across Borders * International Negotiation and the Management of Transboundary Risks * Transboundary Environmental Risk Management in the New Millennium: Lessons for Theory and Practice * Address by Birgitta Dahl, Speaker of the Swedish Parliament * Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAstronomie mit dem PC vermittelt dem Leser eine fundierte Einführung in die Welt der himmelsmechanischen Berechnungen, die für die astronomische Beobachtungspraxis von besonderer Bedeutung sind.Von den theoretischen Grundlagen der Astronomie und Numerik bis zur Erstellung schneller und präziser Anwendungsprogramme vermittelt das Buch die notwendigen Kenntnisse und Softwarelösungen für die Bestimmung und Vorhersage von:- Positionen der Sonne, des Mondes und der Planeten- Auf- und Untergangszeiten- physischen Ephemeriden der Sonne und der großen Planeten- Kometen- und Kleinplanetenpositionen (mit Störungen)- Mondphasen- Zentrallinie und lokalen Umständen von Sonnenfinsternissen - Sternbedeckungen durch den Mond- Bahnelementen aus drei Beobachtungen (auch mehrere Lösungen)- Koordinaten aus Himmelsaufnahmen. Die Verwendung der weitverbreiteten objektorientierten Programmiersprache CC++ ermöglicht die effiziente Realisierung eigener Anwendungen auf der Basis einer leistungsfähigen Modul-Bibliothek. Die Begleit-CD enthält neben den vollständigen, ausgiebig dokumentierten und kommentierten Quelltexten auch die ausführbaren Programme - damit können Leser ohne Programmierkenntnisse alle im Buch beschriebenen Programme ebenfalls nutzen. Zusätzlich befinden sich zwei Sternkataloge (Position und Proper Motion Katalog und Zodialkatalog) sowie die Lowell-Datenbank aktueller Kleinplaneten-Bahnelemente auf der CD, die den Nutzwert der entsprechenden Programme weiter erhöhen. Die vorliegende 4. Auflage stellt, neben einigen Überarbeitungen der Texte und Bilder, die ausführbaren Programme für die Betriebssysteme Windows 98/2000/XP und LINUX sowie die akualisierten Kataloge und Datenbanken zur Verfügung.Table of ContentsEinführung.- Koordinatensysteme.- Auf- und Untergangsrechnung.- Kometenbahnen.- Störungsrechnung.- Planetenbahnen.- Physische Planetenephemeriden.- Die Mondbahn.- Sonnenfinsternisse.- Sternbedeckungen.- Bahnbestimmung.- Astrometrie.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDas Handbuch vermittelt die Grundlagen wie das thermische Regime der Erde, die oberflächennahe Geologie, geologisch-geophysikalische Grundlagen, zugrunde liegende mathematische Methoden, Risikomanagement und Bohrtechniken. In den angewandten Kapiteln geht es konkret um Geothermieprojekte aus der Sicht eines Bauherren, u.a. um Heizlastberechnung und die hydraulische Abgleichung, daneben um das Projektmanagement, zu berücksichtigende Umweltaspekte, Finanzierung und Fördermöglichkeiten und die Dimensionierung von Anlagen. Auch Verfahrenstechnische Grundlagen, die Maschinentechnik, die Qualitätssicherung und Fragen der Kommunikation und Akzeptanz wie auch der Arbeitssicherheit und des Gesundheitsschutzes werden behandelt. Auch wenn der Schwerpunkt des Handbuches auf Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz liegt, so wird auch auf die Oberflächennahe Geothermiebranche weltweit eingegangen und Herausforderungen wie auch Chancen und Perspektiven aufgezeigt.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisDieses Buch stellt das Grundwissen der Mineralogie knapp und verständlich dar. Als Studierende der Mineralogie, Geowissenschaften, Werkstoff-/ Materialwissenschaften und benachbarter Fachrichtungen, werden Ihnen die essentiellen physikalisch-chemischen Grundlagen in diesem Lehrbuch übersichtlich vorgestellt. Als Absolventen dient Ihnen diese kurze Zusammenstellung hervorragend zum Nachschlagen der wichtigsten Fakten.Es werden vier große Kernbereiche behandelt:Die Kristallographie, von den Grundlagen der Symmetrie bis hin zum Realkristall, vom Feinbau der Kristalle über die Bravais Gitter, röntgenographische Grundlagen bis zum Realbau der Kristalle.Die Kristallchemie, mit den grundlegenden Prinzipien, chemischen Variationen und ausgewählten Begrifflichkeiten.Die Mineralphysik, mit einem Überblick der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Kristallen. Und die Phasenlehre mit geometrischer Betrachtung und Interpretation von unären, binären und ternären Systemen allgemeiner Art.Table of ContentsKristallographie.- Kristallchemie.- Mineralphysik/Materialphysik.- Phasenlehre - heterogene Gleichgewichte.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWas treibt den Klimawandel voran? Welche Auswirkungen hat er auf die Ökosysteme der Erde, unsere Umwelt und uns? Was kann ich tun? Dieses Buch erklärt verständlich und übersichtlich die Zusammenhänge, Einflussfaktoren und Auswirkungen zur größten Herausforderung der Menschheit: dem Klimawandel.Das Autorenteam stellt in klarer Sprache über 100 Aspekte auf jeweils einer Doppelseite dar. Mit eindrucksvollen Sketchnotes illustriert und veranschaulicht Professorin und Sketchnoterin Katharina Theis-Bröhl die manchmal einfachen, manchmal komplizierten Sachverhalte immer verständlich. Denn: Sketchnotes sind nicht nur schön anzusehen – sie sind auch eine effektive Merkhilfe, ein Strukturmittel und eine Hilfe, das Wesentliche herauszukristallisieren. Verständliche Begleittexte von Cecilia Scorza-Lesch und Harald Lesch runden das jeweilige Thema informativ ab.Mit diesem Buch können Sie die Ursachen des Klimawandels verstehen, die physikalischen Zusammenhänge entdecken und sowohl lokale als auch globale Auswirkungen erkennen. Sie erfahren, welche Rolle unsere Lage im Sonnensystem spielt, welche Rückkopplungsprozesse es bei der Erderwärmung gibt und was es bedeutet, wenn die Ozeane versauern. Und letztendlich wird die Frage gestellt: Wie viel Zeit haben wir noch, zu handeln? Aus dem Inhalt: Wie besonders ist die Erde? Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen Das Klimasystem der Erde Der Klimawandel Auswirkungen des Klimawandels Was kann ich tun? Zukunftsblick Trade Review“Obwohl man meinen könnte, dass zum Thema Klimawandel schon genug gesagt und publiziert worden ist, darf dieses Buch meiner Meinung nach in keiner Bücherei fehlen. Es vermittelt umfassend und fundiert wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die dabei helfen, den Klimawandel zu verstehen. ... Ich denke, dass sich das Buch an alle Altersklassen richtet und auch vorgelesen werden kann ...” (Sophia Dietzel, in: Buchprofile medienprofile, Jg. 67, Heft 2, 2022)Table of ContentsWie besonders ist die Erde?.- Den Treibhauseffekt verstehen.- Das Klimasystem der Erde.- Der Klimawandel.- Auswirkungen des Klimawandels.- Was kann ich tun?.- Zukunftsblick.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFollow Nobel laureate and legendary teacher Enrico Fermi's lost course on geophysics. Nobel Prizewinning physicist Enrico Fermi (190154) is known for his work on experimental particle and nuclear physics, quantum theory, and statistical mechanics, and for his particular ability to condense complicated problems into approximations for understanding and testing theory in a variety of scientific disciplines. Six of his graduate students went on to win their own Nobel Prizes. Unearthing Fermi's Geophysics opens a window onto two underrepresented facets of this extraordinary thinker: Fermi's teaching and his contribution to the field of geophysics. Drawing on Fermi's handwritten calculations and notes, many of which are reproduced here in photographic facsimile, physicists Gino Segrè and John Stack have reconstructed a coursebook of Fermi's insights into the physics of a range of geological and atmospheric phenomena. From gravity on Earth to thermodynamics in the atmosphere, the physicTrade Review"An informative and lucid book... a welcome contribution to the literature on Fermi and 20th-century geophysics." * Physics Today *“Unearthing Fermi’s Geophysics is a rather unusual book. It is a text on geophysics that Enrico Fermi might have written, based on notes from a course he did give at Columbia University in the late 1930s. It is idiosyncratic in its coverage of topics, but does an excellent job of illustrating how Fermi went about exploring a field for which he had no background other than being a (remarkably able) physicist. Segrè and Stack have done a fine job of filling in the details needed to make sense of Fermi’s lecture notes. This invaluable book is not only clearly a labor of love, but also a boon to students of the history of science and of Fermi.” -- Robert Rosner, Departments of Astronomy & Astrophysics and Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, and Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago“An assured and informative biography of the pioneering nuclear scientist.” * New York Times Book Review, Editors’ Choice, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Superb. . . . A definitive study of Fermi’s life and work.” * Wall Street Journal, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Impressive. . . . Both intelligent and extremely engaging.” * Washington Post, on "The Pope of Physics" *“Humane, scientifically astute, and beautifully written.” * Physics Today, on "The Pope of Physics" *"Nobel Prize laureate Enrico Fermi (1901–1954) was famous among physicists for the simplicity with which he explained complex questions and made valid numerical estimates about many phenomena. Fermi worked primarily in nuclear and particle physics and built the world's first nuclear reactor. This book is based on notes he made for a course in geophysics that he taught to senior-level physics students between 1939 and 1941 at Columbia University, soon after he arrived in the US from Italy... The text expands on and explains Fermi's notes with annotations by Segrè and Stack, providing supplementary equations and numerical calculations... Highly recommended." * Choice *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis handy pocket-sized field guide provides practical information and assistance to anyone engaged in small-scale surveys on the ground. Fully revised and updated throughout, the Fourth Edition includes comprehensive updates on the use of GPS and new sections on surface wave seismics, borehole geophysics and towed array systems.Trade Review“Overall, Field Geophysics—one of several published by Wiley-Blackwell in their Geological Field Guide Series—is a good practical introductory reference book for a geophysical technician beginning their career or a quick refresher for someone using an instrument they haven’t picked up for many years.” (Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, 2 May 2013) Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition ix Preface to the Second Edition x Preface to the Third Edition xii Preface to the Fourth Edition xiv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Geophysics Measures 1 1.2 Fields 1 1.3 Geophysical Survey Design 9 1.4 Geophysical Fieldwork 14 1.5 Geophysical Data 19 1.6 Bases and Base Networks 29 1.7 Real-Time Profiling 32 2 Gravity Method 39 2.1 Physical Basis of the Gravity Method 39 2.2 Gravity Meters 41 2.3 Gravity Reductions 49 2.4 Gravity Surveys 52 2.5 Field Interpretation 61 3 Magnetic Method 65 3.1 Magnetic Properties 65 3.2 The Magnetic Field of the Earth 67 3.3 Magnetic Instruments 72 3.4 Magnetic Surveys 75 3.5 Simple Magnetic Interpretation 81 4 Radiometric Surveys 85 4.1 Natural Radiation 85 4.2 Radiation Detectors 90 4.3 Radiometric Surveys 92 5 Electric Current Methods: General Considerations 97 5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity 97 5.2 Varying Currents 102 6 Resistivity Methods 109 6.1 DC Survey Fundamentals 109 6.2 DC Practicalities 117 6.3 Resistivity Profiling 122 6.4 Resistivity Depth-Sounding 125 6.5 Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) 128 6.6 Capacitive Coupling 133 7 SP and IP 137 7.1 SP Surveys 137 7.2 Polarisation Fundamentals 140 7.3 Time-Domain IP Surveys 143 7.4 Frequency-Domain Surveys 144 7.5 IP Data 146 8 Electromagnetic Methods 149 8.1 Two-Coil CW Systems 149 8.2 CWEM Conductivity Mapping 158 8.3 Fixed-Source Methods 161 8.4 Transient Electromagnetics 165 9 Remote-Source Electromagnetics 171 9.1 Natural Electromagnetic Radiation 171 9.2 Controlled-Source Audio-Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) 180 10 Ground Penetrating Radar 185 10.1 Radar Fundamentals 185 10.2 GPR Surveys 199 10.3 Data Processing 205 11 Siesmic Methods: General Considerations 211 11.1 Seismic Waves 211 11.2 Seismic Sources 216 11.3 Detection of Seismic Waves 222 11.4 Recording Seismic Signals 226 12 Seismic Reflection 229 12.1 Reflection Theory 229 12.2 Reflection Surveys 233 13 Seismic Refraction 241 13.1 Refraction Surveys 241 13.2 Interpretation 247 13.3 Limitations of the Refraction Method 257 14 Seismic Surface Wave Methods 261 14.1 Surface Wave Surveys 261 14.2 Data Processing 266 14.3 Limitations of the Method 270 15 Maps, Mapping and GPS 273 15.1 Maps and Mapping 273 15.2 Satellite Navigation 276 Appendix: Terrain Corrections for Hammer Zones B to m 281 Index 283

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides a description of the thermodynamic model, data treatment procedures and the thermodynamic constants for hydrous ferric oxide. Includes detailed coverage of the model and the parameter extraction procedure.Table of ContentsThe Generalized Two-Layer Model. Experimental Data. Data Compilation and Treatment Methods. Properties of Hydrous Ferric Oxide, Cation Sorption on HydrousFerric Oxide. Anion Sorption on Hydrous Ferric Oxide. Use of the Model and Data Base. The Coulombic Effect. Coherence and Extrapolation of Results. References. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMetamorphic Crystallization investigates the upper regions of the crystalline Earth, where countless solid-state chemical changes have taken place during the long history of the planet. The exploration proceeds in five stages.Table of ContentsThe Geological Background. Mineral Thermodynamics. Phase Equilibrium. Chemical Kinetics. Granular Microstructures and Crystallization Mechanisms. Appendices. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis information--packed volume on marine geophysics has two objectives: to provide a clear comprehensive review of techniques, and to examine what geophysical observations can tell us about the structure and tectonics of the oceans.Table of ContentsPreview. Locating Offshore Observations. Seabed Imaging by Sonar and Lidar. Seismic Exploration at Sea: A Theoretical Background. Seismic Data Acquisition at Sea. The Marine Gravity Field. The Earth's Magnetic Field at Sea. Heat Flow. Investigations of the Sea Floor using Electrical Methods. Seabed Exploration using Radiometric Methods. Geophysical Observations in Offshore Boreholes. Deep-Sea Geophysics and the Changing Geometry of the Oceans. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Sedimentary Cover. Studies of the Oceanic Lithosphere: The Crustal Basement and Upper Mantle. Investigations of Divergent and Transform Continental Margins. Studies of Subduction Zones. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new edition of the well-established Kearey and Brooks text is fully updated to reflect the important developments in geophysical methods since the production of the previous edition. The broad scope of previous editions is maintained, with even greater clarity of explanations from the revised text and extensively revised figures.Trade Review"The book is popular with geophysics students, a result of its clear and concise style, the presentation of information a the level required for the earlier years of an undergraduate degree, and figures which are also clear and concise." Geophysical Journal International on the second edition "No doubt that this volume will once again prove to be a classic textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in geology, geophysics, and for anyone interested in Earth Science." The EGGS, February 2003 "Overall...this is an excellent book and no doubt will continue to be recommended for many undergraduate courses." Geological Magazine, August 2003Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 The principles and limitations of geophysical exploration methods 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The survey methods 1 1.3 The problem of ambiguity in geophysical interpretation 6 1.4 The structure of the book 7 2 Geophysical data processing 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Digitization of geophysical data 8 2.3 Spectral analysis 10 2.4 Waveform processing 13 2.4.1 Convolution 13 2.4.2 Deconvolution 16 2.4.3 Correlation 16 2.5 Digital filtering 17 2.5.1 Frequency filters 18 2.5.2 Inverse (deconvolution) filters 19 2.6 Imaging and modelling 19 Problems 20 Further reading 20 3 Elements of seismic surveying 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Stress and strain 21 3.3 Seismic waves 22 3.3.1 Body waves 23 3.3.2 Surface waves 24 3.3.3 Waves and rays 25 3.4 Seismic wave velocities of rocks 26 3.5 Attenuation of seismic energy along ray paths 27 3.6 Ray paths in layered media 28 3.6.1 Reflection and transmission of normally incident seismic rays 28 3.6.2 Reflection and refraction of obliquely incident rays 30 3.6.3 Critical refraction 31 3.6.4 Diffraction 31 3.7 Reflection and refraction surveying 32 3.8 Seismic data acquisition systems 33 3.8.1 Seismic sources and the seismic/acoustic spectrum 34 3.8.2 Seismic transducers 39 3.8.3 Seismic recording systems 41 Problems 42 Further reading 42 4 Seismic reflection surveying 43 4.1 Introduction 43 4.2 Geometry of reflected ray paths 43 4.2.1 Single horizontal reflector 43 4.2.2 Sequence of horizontal reflectors 45 4.2.3 Dipping reflector 46 4.2.4 Ray paths of multiple reflections 47 4.3 The reflection seismogram 48 4.3.1 The seismic trace 48 4.3.2 The shot gather 49 4.3.3 The CMP gather 50 4.4 Multichannel reflection survey design 51 4.4.1 Vertical and horizontal resolution 52 4.4.2 Design of detector arrays 53 4.4.3 Common mid-point (CMP) surveying 54 4.4.4 Display of seismic reflection data 57 4.5 Time corrections applied to seismic traces 57 4.6 Static correction 57 4.7 Velocity analysis 59 4.8 Filtering of seismic data 61 4.8.1 Frequency filtering 62 4.8.2 Inverse filtering (deconvolution) 62 4.8.3 Velocity filtering 65 4.9 Migration of reflection data 67 4.10 3D seismic reflection surveys 72 4.11 Three component (3C) seismic reflection surveys 76 4.12 4D seismic reflection surveys 77 4.13 Vertical seismic profiling 79 4.14 Interpretation of seismic reflection data 80 4.14.1 Structural analysis 81 4.14.2 Stratigraphical analysis (seismic stratigraphy) 82 4.14.3 Seismic modelling 84 4.14.4 Seismic attribute analysis 85 4.15 Single-channel marine reflection profiling 86 4.15.1 Shallow marine seismic sources 89 4.15.2 Sidescan sonar systems 90 4.16 Applications of seismic reflection surveying 92 Problems 97 Further reading 98 5 Seismic refraction surveying 99 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 Geometry of refracted ray paths: planar interfaces 99 5.2.1 Two-layer case with horizontal interface 100 5.2.2 Three-layer case with horizontal interface 101 5.2.3 Multilayer case with horizontal interfaces 102 5.2.4 Dipping-layer case with planar interfaces 102 5.2.5 Faulted planar interfaces 104 5.3 Profile geometries for studying planar layer problems 105 5.4 Geometry of refracted ray paths: irregular (non-planar) interfaces 106 5.4.1 Delay time 106 5.4.2 The plus–minus interpretation method 108 5.4.3 The generalized reciprocal method 109 5.5 Construction of wavefronts and ray-tracing 110 5.6 The hidden and blind layer problems 110 5.7 Refraction in layers of continuous velocity change 112 5.8 Methodology of refraction profiling 112 5.8.1 Field survey arrangements 112 5.8.2 Recording scheme 113 5.8.3 Weathering and elevation corrections 114 5.8.4 Display of refraction seismograms 115 5.9 Other methods of refraction surveying 115 5.10 Seismic tomography 117 5.11 Applications of seismic refraction surveying 119 5.11.1 Engineering and environmental surveys 119 5.11.2 Hydrological surveys 120 5.11.3 Crustal seismology 120 5.11.4 Two-ship seismic surveying: combined refraction and reflection surveying 122 Problems 123 Further reading 124 6 Gravity surveying 125 6.1 Introduction 125 6.2 Basic theory 125 6.3 Units of gravity 126 6.4 Measurement of gravity 126 6.5 Gravity anomalies 129 6.6 Gravity anomalies of simple-shaped bodies 130 6.7 Gravity surveying 132 6.8 Gravity reduction 133 6.8.1 Drift correction 133 6.8.2 Latitude correction 133 6.8.3 Elevation corrections 134 6.8.4 Tidal correction 136 6.8.5 Eötvös correction 136 6.8.6 Free-air and Bouguer anomalies 136 6.9 Rock densities 137 6.10 Interpretation of gravity anomalies 139 6.10.1 The inverse problem 139 6.10.2 Regional fields and residual anomalies 139 6.10.3 Direct interpretation 140 6.10.4 Indirect interpretation 142 6.11 Elementary potential theory and potential field manipulation 144 6.12 Applications of gravity surveying 147 Problems 150 Further reading 153 7 Magnetic surveying 155 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 Basic concepts 155 7.3 Rock magnetism 158 7.4 The geomagnetic field 159 7.5 Magnetic anomalies 160 7.6 Magnetic surveying instruments 162 7.6.1 Introduction 162 7.6.2 Fluxgate magnetometer 162 7.6.3 Proton magnetometer 163 7.6.4 Optically pumped magnetometer 164 7.6.5 Magnetic gradiometers 164 7.7 Ground magnetic surveys 164 7.8 Aeromagnetic and marine surveys 164 7.9 Reduction of magnetic observations 165 7.9.1 Diurnal variation correction 165 7.9.2 Geomagnetic correction 166 7.9.3 Elevation and terrain corrections 166 7.10 Interpretation of magnetic anomalies 166 7.10.1 Introduction 166 7.10.2 Direct interpretation 168 7.10.3 Indirect interpretation 170 7.11 Potential field transformations 172 7.12 Applications of magnetic surveying 173 Problems 180 Further reading 181 8 Electrical surveying 183 8.1 Introduction 183 8.2 Resistivity method 183 8.2.1 Introduction 183 8.2.2 Resistivities of rocks and minerals 183 8.2.3 Current flow in the ground 184 8.2.4 Electrode spreads 186 8.2.5 Resistivity surveying equipment 186 8.2.6 Interpretation of resistivity data 187 8.2.7 Vertical electrical sounding interpretation 188 8.2.8 Constant separation traversing interpretation 193 8.2.9 Limitations of the resistivity method 196 8.2.10 Applications of resistivity surveying 196 8.3 Induced polarization (IP) method 199 8.3.1 Principles 199 8.3.2 Mechanisms of induced polarization 199 8.3.3 Induced polarization measurements 200 8.3.4 Field operations 201 8.3.5 Interpretation of induced polarization data 201 8.3.6 Applications of induced polarization surveying 202 8.4 Self-potential (SP) method 203 8.4.1 Introduction 203 8.4.2 Mechanism of self-potential 203 8.4.3 Self-potential equipment and survey procedure 203 8.4.4 Interpretation of self-potential anomalies 204 Problems 205 Further reading 207 9 Electromagnetic surveying 208 9.1 Introduction 208 9.2 Depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields 208 9.3 Detection of electromagnetic fields 209 9.4 Tilt-angle methods 209 9.4.1 Tilt-angle methods employing local transmitters 210 9.4.2 The VLF method 210 9.4.3 The AFMAG method 212 9.5 Phase measuring systems 212 9.6 Time-domain electromagnetic surveying 214 9.7 Non-contacting conductivity measurement 216 9.8 Airborne electromagnetic surveying 218 9.8.1 Fixed separation systems 218 9.8.2 Quadrature systems 220 9.9 Interpretation of electromagnetic data 221 9.10 Limitations of the electromagnetic method 221 9.11 Telluric and magnetotelluric field methods 221 9.11.1 Introduction 221 9.11.2 Surveying with telluric currents 222 9.11.3 Magnetotelluric surveying 224 9.12 Ground-penetrating radar 225 9.13 Applications of electromagnetic surveying 227 Problems 228 Further reading 230 10 Radiometric surveying 231 10.1 Introduction 231 10.2 Radioactive decay 231 10.3 Radioactive minerals 232 10.4 Instruments for measuring radioactivity 233 10.4.1 Geiger counter 233 10.4.2 Scintillation counter 233 10.4.3 Gamma-ray spectrometer 233 10.4.4 Radon emanometer 234 10.5 Field surveys 235 10.6 Example of radiometric surveying 235 Further reading 235 11 Geophysical borehole logging 236 11.1 Introduction to drilling 236 11.2 Principles of well logging 236 11.3 Formation evaluation 237 11.4 Resistivity logging 237 11.4.1 Normal log 238 11.4.2 Lateral log 239 11.4.3 Laterolog 240 11.4.4 Microlog 241 11.4.5 Porosity estimation 241 11.4.6 Water and hydrocarbon saturation estimation 241 11.4.7 Permeability estimation 242 11.4.8 Resistivity dipmeter log 242 11.5 Induction logging 243 11.6 Self-potential logging 243 11.7 Radiometric logging 244 11.7.1 Natural gamma radiation log 244 11.7.2 Gamma-ray density log 244 11.7.3 Neutron–gamma-ray log 245 11.8 Sonic logging 246 11.9 Temperature logging 247 11.10 Magnetic logging 247 11.10.1 Magnetic log 247 11.10.2 Nuclear magnetic resonance log 247 11.11 Gravity logging 247 Problems 248 Further reading 249 Appendix: SI c.g.s. and Imperial (customary USA) units and conversion factors 250 References 251 Index 257

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Syukuro Manabe, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics""Useful for those wishing to understand global warming’s future impact."---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[Highly] engaging and well written."---S.C. Pryor, Choice"Useful and enlightening . . . . The knowledge derived from the model output is clear, detailed, and relevant to a better understanding of the climate system. The purpose of the book is to lead the reader down the path that Manabe and Broccoli have followed in their careers, showcasing the methods and motivation used in each study, and explaining and contextualising their findings. In each of these goals it succeeds admirably."---Eimear Dunne, Holocene

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"[A] deft primer, brim with surprises when viewed through a physics lens."--Barbara Kiser, Nature "[Fleming] engenders a new appreciation for the waterways around us."--Library Journal "Fleming's decades of experience shine through in this book. Abstract physics concepts feel more relevant when applied to concrete phenomena that readers can visualize."--Laurel Hamers, Science NewsTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Why Rivers Are Where They Are 11 3 How Do Rivers Remember? 37 4 Clouds Talking to Fish: The Information Content of Rain 61 5 Searching for Buried Treasure 89 6 The Digital Rainbow 109 7 Landslides, Fractals, and Artificial Life 132 8 The Sky's Not the Limit 149 9 The Hydrologist's Final Exam: Watershed Modeling 168 10 Epilogue 183 Some References and Suggestions for Further Reading 189 Index 199

Read more less

Book SynopsisRivers are essential to every aspect of civilization, yet how many understand how they work? Fleming takes readers on a journey along our planet's waterways, providing a scientist's reflections on the profound interrelationships that rivers have with landscapes, ecosystems, and societies.Trade Review“[Fleming] engenders a new appreciation for the waterways around us.”—Library Journal“[A] deft primer.”—Barbara Kiser, Nature“Fleming’s decades of experience shine through in this book. Abstract physics concepts feel more relevant when applied to concrete phenomena that readers can visualize.”—Laurel Hamers, Science News“Where the River Flows offers a paradigm shift in understanding the rivers.”—Current Science“Fleming’s style is colloquial and engages the reader quickly. . . . This small volume is a good buy for anyone with an enquiring mind about rivers or indeed about natural science in general.”—Colin Levings, Ormsby Review“Extremely interesting and informative. Fleming makes difficult scientific concepts accessible to the layperson, and takes a very broad range of topics and shows how they are interconnected in so many ways.”—Karen C. Rice, University of Virginia“Where the River Flows is distinctive and engaging. Fleming is skilled at explaining relatively complex ideas in simple and accessible language.”—Ellen Wohl, Colorado State University

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15. Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1. Introduction 1 Brief History 1 Runoff Mechanisms 3 Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology 4 Objective and Scope of this Work 5 2. Basic Porous Media Hydraulics 7 Capillary Properties of Soil Water 7 Porous Media 9 Darcy's Law 12 Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media 13 Steady Flow Soil Water Relations 14 Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics 18 3. Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics 25 Introduction 25 Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake 27 Infiltration: Vertical Flow 31 Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow 34 Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics 36 4. A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow 41 Introduction 41 Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation' 43 Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation 46 Required Forms for Soil Characteristics 49 Solution of the Integrable Form 55 Discussion and Summary 60 5. Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation 63 Introduction 63 Absorption 65 Infiltration 73 Stability of Flux-ConcentrationR elation 85 6. Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application 97 Introduction 97 Timing of Pending 98 Time Explicit Approximations 108 Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns 114 7. Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases 119 Introduction 119 Redistribution and Reinfiltration 119 Layered Soils 122 8. Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters 135 Introduction 135 Drip Infiltrometers 136 Ring Infiltrometers 138 Permeameters 141 9. Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope 159 Introduction 159 General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction 160 Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses 162 Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff 164 Appendices 185 I. Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation 185 II. Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow 187 III. Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation 190 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 199 References 203 Index 211

Read more less

Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201.Table of ContentsPreface Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov vii Introduction Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov 1 Section I: Physical Processes Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems R. W. Schunk 3 Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere Tim Fuller-Rowell 13 Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere P. G. Richards 29 Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere A. G. Burns, W. Wang, S. C. Solomon, and L. Qian 39 Section II: Numerical Methods Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere J. D. Huba and G. Joyce 49 Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling A. D. Richmond and A. Maute 57 Section III: IT Models The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System Liying Qian, Alan G. Burns, Barbara A. Emery, Benjamin Foster, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Arthur D. Richmond, Raymond G. Roble, Stanley C. Solomon, and Wenbin Wang 73 The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes Yue Deng and Aaron J. Ridley 85 Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere L. C. Gardner and R. W. Schunk 101 Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission Yi-Jiun Su, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Groves 107 Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3 S. E. Mcdonald, J. L. Lean, J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, J. T. Emmert, and D. P. Drob 119 Section IV: Validation of IT Models Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere Tzu-Wei Fang, David Anderson, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Rashid Akmaev, Mihail Codrescu, George Millward, Jan Sojka, Ludger Scherliess, Vince Eccles, John Retterer, Joe Huba, Glenn Joyce, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Geoff Crowley, Aaron Ridley, and Geeta Vichare 133 Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models: CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge (2009–2010) J. S. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. A. Emery, B. Foster, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, J. Huba, A. J. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. C. Thompson, D. Weimer, L. Zhu, D. Anderson, J. L. Chau, and E. Sutton 145 Section V: IT Coupling: Above and Below Aspect of Coupling Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere R. A. Heelis 161 Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM David E. Siskind and Douglas P. Drob 171 WACCM-X Simulation of Tidal and Planetary Wave Variability in the Upper Atmosphere H.-L. Liu 181 Inductive-Dynamic Coupling of the Ionosphere With the Thermosphere and the Magnetosphere P. Song and V. M. Vasyliunas 201 Section VI: Equatorial Ionospheric Processes Ionospheric Irregularities: Frontiers D. L. Hysell, H. C. Aveiro, and J. L. Chau 217 Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Equatorial Spread F: Results and Diagnostics in the Peruvian Sector H. C. Aveiro and D. L. Hysell 241 Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes J. Krall and J. D. Huba 251 Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere: Decadal Observations From the CHAMP Mission Claudia Stolle and Huixin Liu 259 Section VII: Data Assimilation Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation With an Ensemble Kalman Filter Tomoko Matsuo 273 Scientific Investigation Using IDA4D and EMPIRE G. S. Bust and S. Datta-Barua 283 Section VIII: Applications Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services Rodney Viereck, Joseph Kunches, Mihail Codrescu, and Robert Steenburgh 299 Model-Based Inversion of Auroral Processes Joshua Semeter and Matthew Zettergren 309 AGU Category Index 323 Index 325

Read more less

Book SynopsisModeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations provides a broad overview of recent progress in using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to model atmospheric and oceanic fluid motions. This volume not only surveys novel research topics in laboratory experimentation, but also highlights recent developments in the corresponding computational simulations. As computing power grows exponentially and better numerical codes are developed, the interplay between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is gaining paramount importance within the scientific community. The lessons learnt from the laboratorymodel comparisons in this volume will act as a source of inspiration for the next generation of experiments and simulations. Volume highlights include: Topics pertaining to atmospheric science, climate physics, physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics Overview of the most advaTable of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Simulations of Natural Flows in the Laboratory and on a Computer 1 Paul F Linden Section I: Baroclinic-Driven Flows 1 General Circulation of Planetary Atmospheres: Insights from Rotating Annulus and Related Experiments 9 Peter L Read, Edgar P Pérez, Irene M Moroz, and Roland M B Young 2 Primary Flow Transitions in the Baroclinic Annulus: Prandtl Number Effects 45 Gregory M Lewis, Nicolas Périnet, and Lennaert van Veen 3 Amplitude Vacillation in Baroclinic Flows 61 Wolf-Gerrit Früh Section II: Balanced and Unbalanced Flows 4 Rotation Effects on Wall-Bounded Flows: Some Laboratory Experiments 85 P Henrik Alfredsson and Rebecca J Lingwood 5 Altimetry in a GFD Laboratory and Flows on the Polar β-Plane 101 Yakov D Afanasyev 6 Instabilities of Shallow-Water Flows with Vertical Shear in the Rotating Annulus 119 Jonathan Gula and Vladimir Zeitlin 7 Laboratory Experiments on Flows Over Bottom Topography 139 Luis Zavala Sansón and Gert-Jan van Heijst 8 Direct Numerical Simulations of Laboratory-Scale Stratified Turbulence 159 Michael LWaite Section III: Atmospheric Flows 9 Numerical Simulation (DNS, LES) of Geophysical Laboratory Experiments: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) Analogue and Simulations Toward Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) Analogue 179 Nils PWedi 10 Internal Waves in Laboratory Experiments 193 Bruce Sutherland, Thierry Dauxois, and Thomas Peacock 11 Frontal Instabilities at Density–Shear Interfaces in Rotating Two-Layer Stratified Fluids 213 Hélène Scolan, Roberto Verzicco, and Jan-Bert Flór Section IV: Oceanic Flows 12 Large-Amplitude Coastal Shelf Waves 231 Andrew L Stewart, Paul J Dellar, and Edward R Johnson 13 Laboratory Experiments With Abrupt Thermohaline Transitions and Oscillations 255 John A Whitehead 14 Oceanic Island Wake Flows in the Laboratory 265 Alexandre Stegner Section V: Advances in Methodology 15 Lagrangian Methods in Experimental Fluid Mechanics 279 Mickael Bourgoin, Jean-François Pinton, and Romain Volk 16 A High-Resolution Method for Direct Numerical Simulation of Instabilities and Transitions in a Baroclinic Cavity 297 Anthony Randriamampianina and Emilia Crespo del Arco 17 Orthogonal Decomposition Methods to Analyze PIV, LDV, and Thermography Data of Thermally Driven Rotating Annulus Laboratory Experiments 315 Uwe Harlander, Thomas von Larcher, Grady BWright, Michael Hoff, Kiril Alexandrov, and Christoph Egbers Index 337

Read more less

Book SynopsisGeological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids.Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrityoffers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caTrade ReviewGeological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity, edited by Stéphanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J. William Carey, ISBN 978-1-119-11864-0, 2018, American Geophysical Union and Wiley, 364 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook). This volume is a part of the AGU/Wiley Geophysical Monograph Series. The editors assembled an international team of earth scientists who present a comprehensive approach to the major problem of placing unwanted and/or hazardous fluids beneath a cap rock seal to be impounded. The compact and informative preface depicts the nature of cap rocks and the problems that may occur over time or with a change in the formation of the cap rock. I have excerpted a quote from the preface that describes the scope of the volume in a concise and thorough matter. "Caprocks can be defined as a rock that prevents the flow of a given fluid at certain temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions.... A fundamental understanding of these units and of their evolution over time in the context of subsurface carbon storage is still lacking." This volume describes the scope of current research being conducted on a global scale, with 31 of the 83 authors working outside of the United States. The studies vary but can be generalized as monitoring techniques for cap rock integrity and the consequence of the loss of that integrity. The preface ends by calling out important problems that remain to be answered. These include imaging cap rocks in situ, detecting subsurface leaks before they reach the surface, and remotely examining the state of the cap rock to avert any problems. Chapter 3 describes how newer methods are used to classify shale. These advanced techniques reveal previously unknown microscopic properties that complicate classification. This is an example of the more we know, the more we don't know. A sedimentologic study of the formation of shale (by far the major sedimentary rock and an important rock type) is described in Chapter 4. The authors use diagrammatic examples to illustrate how cap rocks may fail through imperfect seal between the drill and wall rock, capillary action, or a structural defect (fault). Also, the shale pore structures vary in size, and this affects the reservoir. There are descriptions of the pore structure in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales and several others. Pore structures are analyzed using state-of-the-art ultra-small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering. They determine that the overall porosity decreases nonlinearly with time. There are examples of cap rock performance under an array of diagnostic laboratory analyses and geologic field examples (e.g., Marcellus Formation). The importance of the sequestration of CO2 and other contaminants highlights the significance of this volume. The previous and following chapters illuminate the life history of the lithologic reservoir seal. I would like to call out Chapter 14 in which the authors illustrate the various mechanisms by which a seal can fail and Chapter 15 in which the authors address the general problems of the effect of CO2 sequestration on the environment. They establish a field test, consisting of a trailer and large tank of fluids with numerous monitoring instruments to replicate the effect of a controlled release of CO2-saturated water into a shallow aquifer. This chapter's extensive list of references will be of interest to petroleum engineers, rock mechanics, and environmentalists. The authors of this volume present a broad view of the underground storage of CO2. Nuclear waste and hydrocarbons are also considered for underground storage. There are laboratory, field, and in situ studies covering nearly all aspects of this problem. I cannot remember a study in which so many different earth science resources were applied to a single problem. The span of subjects varies from traditional geochemical analysis with the standard and latest methods in infrared and X-ray techniques, chemical and petroleum engineering, sedimentary mineralogy, hydrology, and geomechanical studies. This volume is essential to anyone working in this field as it brings several disciplines together to produce a comprehensive study of carbon sequestration. While the volume is well illustrated, there is a lack of color figures. Each chapter should have at least two color figures, or there should be several pages of color figures bound in the center of the volume. Many of the figures would be more meaningful if they had been rendered in color. Also, the acronyms are defined in the individual chapters, but it would be helpful to have a list of acronyms after the extensive index. I recommend this monograph to all earth scientists but especially petroleum engineers, structural geologists, mineralogists, and environmental scientists. Since these chapters cover a broad range of studies, it would be best if the reader has a broad background.—Patrick Taylor, Davidsonville, Maryland Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Part I: Caprock Characterization 1. Microstructural, Geomechanical, and Petrophysical Characterization of Shale Caprocks 3David N. Dewhurst, Claudio Delle Piane, Lionel Esteban, Joel Sarout, Matthew Josh,Marina Pervukhina, and M. Ben Clennell 2. Transport in Tight Rocks 31Marc Fleury and Etienne Brosse 3. Pore‐to‐Core Characterization of Shale Multiphysics 45Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, Hongkyu Yoon, Mathew Ingraham, Joseph Grigg, Peter Mozley, Enrico Quintana, and Zuleima Karpyn 4. Analysis of the Pore Structures of Shale Using Neutron and X‐Ray Small Angle Scattering 71Lawrence M. Anovitz and David R. Cole Part II: Fracture Generation, Permeability, and Geochemical Reactions in Damaged Shale 5. Fracture Initiation, Propagation, and Permeability Evolution 121Russell L. Detwiler and Joseph P. Morris 6. Effect of Fracture Density on Effective Permeability of Matrix‐Fracture System in Shale Formations 137Li Chen, Jeffrey De’Haven Hyman, Zhou Lei, Ting Min, Qinjun Kang, Esteban Rougier, and Hari Viswanathan 7. Gas‐Water‐Mineral Reactivity in Caprocks: Measurements, Estimates, and Observations 147Julie K. Pearce and Grant K.W. Dawson 8. Fluid‐Rock Interactions in Clay‐Rich Seals: Impact on Transport and Mechanical Properties 167Elin Skurtveit, Rohaldin Miri, and Helge Hellevang 9. Coupled Processes in a Fractured Reactive System: A Dolomite Dissolution Study with Relevance to GCS Caprock Integrity 187Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Marco Voltolini, Sergi Molins, and Li Yang 10. Leakage Processes in Damaged Shale: In Situ Measurements of Permeability, CO2 Sorption Behavior, and Acoustic PropertiesJ. William Carey, Ronny Pini, Manika Prasad, Luke P. Frash, and Sanyog Kumar 207 Part III: Monitoring Caprock Failure 11. In‐Zone and Above‐Zone Pressure Monitoring Methods for CO2 Geologic Storage 227Seyyed A. Hosseini, Mahmood Shakiba, Alexander Sun, and Susan Hovorka 12. Monitoring and Modeling Caprock Integrity at the In Salah Carbon Dioxide Storage Site, Algeria 243Donald W. Vasco, Robert C. Bissell, Bahman Bohloli, Thomas M. Daley, Alessandro Ferretti, William Foxall, Bettina P. Goertz‐Allmann, Valeri Korneev, Joseph P. Morris, Volker Oye, Abe Ramirez, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Alessio Rucci, Jonny Rutqvist, Josh White, and Rui Zhang 13. Evaluation of Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) as Tracers for CO2 Containment and Migration Monitoring 271Matthew Myers and Cameron White Part IV: Environmental Impacts and Remediation Techniques 14. Migration and Leakage of CO2 from Deep Geological Storage Sites 285Andreas Busch and Niko Kampman 15. A Review of Studies Examining the Potential for Groundwater Contamination from CO2 Sequestration 305Charuleka Varadharajan, Ruth M. Tinnacher, Robert C. Trautz, Liange Zheng, Baptiste Dafflon, Yuxin Wu, Matthew T. Reagan, Jens T. Birkholzer, and J. William Carey 16. Review of CO2 Leakage Mitigation and Remediation Technologies 327Cesar A. Castaneda‐Herrera, Geoffrey W. Stevens, and Ralf R. Haese Index 339

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn examination of ancient and contemporary submarine landslides and their impact Landslides are common in every subaqueous geodynamic context, from passive and active continental margins to oceanic and continental intraplate settings. They pose significant threats to both offshore and coastal areas due to their frequency, dimensions, and terminal velocity, capacity to travel great distances, and ability to generate potentially destructive tsunamis. Submarine Landslides: Subaqueous Mass Transport Deposits from Outcrops to Seismic Profiles examines the mechanisms, characteristics, and impacts of submarine landslides. Volume highlights include: Use of different methodological approaches, from geophysics to field-based geologyData on submarine landslide deposits at various scalesWorldwide collection of case studies from on- and off-shorePotential risks to human society and infrastructureImpacts on the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphereTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Part I: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts 1. Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts: Olistostromes and Sedimentary Melanges 3Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, Gian Andrea Pini, and Juan Luis Alonso 2. Mass-Transport Deposits in the Foredeep Basin of the Miocene Cervarola Sandstones Formation (Northern Apennines, Italy) 27Alberto Piazza and Roberto Tinterri 3. Late Miocene Olistostrome in the Makran Accretionary Wedge (Baluchistan, SE Iran): A Short Review 45Jean‐Pierre Burg 4. Spatial Distribution of Mass-Transport Deposits Deduced From High‐Resolution Stratigraphy: The Pleistocene Forearc Basin (Boso Peninsula, Central Japan) 57Masayuki Utsunomiya and Yuzuru Yamamoto 5. Mass‐Transport Deposits as Markers of Local Tectonism in Extensional Basins 71Tiago M. Alves and Davide Gamboa 6. Block Generation, Deformation, and Interaction of Mass-Transport Deposits with the Seafloor: An Outcrop‐Based Study of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin (Cerro Bola, NW Argentina) 91Matheus S. Sobiesiak, Victoria Valdez Buso, Ben Kneller, G. Ian Alsop, and Juan Pablo Milana 7. The Carboniferous MTD Complex at La Pena Canyon, Paganzo Basin (San Juan, Argentina) 105Victoria Valdez Buso, Juan Pablo Milana, Matheus S. Sobiesiak, and Ben Kneller 8. Mass-Transport Complexes of the Marnoso‐arenacea Foredeep Turbidite System (Northern Apennines, Italy): A Reappraisal After Twenty‐Years 117Gian Andrea Pini, Claudio Corrado Lucente, Sonia Venturi, and Kei Ogata 9. Fold and Thrust Systems in Mass‐Transport Deposits Around the Dead Sea Basin 139G.Ian Alsop, Rami Weinberger, Shmuel Marco, and Tsafrir Levi 10. Eocene Mass-Transport Deposits in the Basque Basin (Western Pyrenees, Spain): Insights Into Mass‐Flow Transformation and Bulldozing Processes 155Aitor Payros and Victoriano Pujalte 11. Neogene and Quaternary Mass-Transport Deposits From the Northern Taranaki Basin (North Island, New Zealand): Morphologies, Transportation Processes, and Depositional Controls 171Suzanne Bull, Malcolm Arnot, Greg Browne, Martin Crundwell, Andy Nicol, and Lorna Strachan Part II: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Current Active and Passive Margins 12. Modern Submarine Landslide Complexes: A Short Review 183Katrin Huhn, Marcos Arroyo, Antonio Cattaneo, Mike A. Clare, Eulàlia Gràcia, Carl B. Harbitz, Sebastian Krastel, Achim Kopf, Finn Løvholt, Marzia Rovere, Michael Strasser, Peter J. Talling, and Roger Urgeles 13. An Atlas of Mass‐Transport Deposits in Lakes 201Maddalena Sammartini, Jasper Moernaut, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Michael Hilbe, Katja Lindhorst, Nore Praet, and Michael Strasser 14. Style and Morphometry of Mass-Transport Deposits Across the Espirito Santo Basin (Offshore SE Brazil) 227Davide Gamboa, Tiago M. Alves, and Kamaldeen Olakunle Omosanya 15. Submarine Landslides on the Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism (Offshore Central Japan) 247Gregory F. Moore, Jason K. Lackey, Michael Strasser, and Mikiya Yamashita 16. Seismic Examples of Composite Slope Failures (Offshore North West Shelf, Australia) 261Nicola Scarselli, Ken McClay, and Chris Elders 17. Submarine Landslides Around Volcanic Islands: A Review of What Can Be Learned From the Lesser Antilles Arc 277Anne Le Friant, Elodie Lebas, Morgane Brunet, Sara Lafuerza, Matt Hornbach, Maya Coussens, Sebastian Watt, Michael Cassidy, Peter J. Talling, and IODP 340 Expedition Science Party 18. Submarine Landslides in an Upwelling System: Climatically Controlled Preconditioning of the Cap Blanc Slide Complex (Offshore NW Africa) 299Morelia Urlaub, Sebastian Krastel, and Tilmann Schwenk 19. Submarine Landslides Along the Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Margin of the Great Barrier Reef (Offshore Australia) 313Ángel Puga‐Bernabéu, Jody Michael Webster, Robin Jordan Beaman, Amanda Thran, Javier Lopez‐Cabrera, Gustavo Hinestrosa, and James Daniell 20. Submarine Landslides on the Seafloor: Hints on Subaqueous Mass‐Transport Processes From the Italian Continental Margins (Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, Offshore Italy) 339Fabiano Gamberi, Giacomo Dalla Valle, Federica Foglini, Marzia Rovere, and Fabio Trincardi Index 357

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first book dedicated to describing the hydrology of water flow in lake systems, geared for limnologists and students of hydrology. With fresh water becoming a critical issue around the world, lake mass balancethe hydrology or water movement in lakesis increasingly important to environmental studies and remediation projects. Unfortunately, lake hydrology is often only briefly covered in broader texts on hydrogeology and hydrology or is confined to specialized research papers. Lake Hydrology rigorously describes the hydrology of flow into and out of lake systems. Explaining the physical parameters that influence lake behavior, as well as the mathematics that describes these systems, this in-depth book fills an important niche in the literature of watershed science. This text describes the physical structure and nature of drainage basins and explains the origin and classification of lakes explores the hydrology of lake mass balance and storage as it pertains to lake stage, groundwatTable of ContentsPreface AcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Introduction1.1. Limnology1.2. Dimensions, Units, Measurements, and Mathematical Conventions1.3. Dimensional Analysis1.4. Spatial Coordinates1.5. Mathematics and StatisticsChapter 2. Water and the Hydrologic Cycle2.1. Water and Its Properties2.2. The Hydrologic Cycle2.3. Mass Balance of WaterChapter 3. Drainage Basins, Lentic Systems, Lake Morphometry, and Lake Volume3.1. Drainage Basins3.2. Lentic Systems3.3. Solar Radiation3.4. Lake Morphometry3.5. Lake Volume or StorageCase Study 3.1. City of Winters, Texas, Elm Creek Dam and Reservoir3.6. SummaryChapter 4. Evapotranspiration4.1. Introduction4.2. Evaporation4.3. Transpiration4.3.1. Xylem Transport4.4. Molecular Movement of Water4.5. Estimates of Evapotranspiration4.6. SummaryChapter 5. Rainfall and Surface Flow to Lakes5.1. Introduction5.2. Precipitation5.3. Measuring PrecipitationCase Study 5.1. Hastings, Nebraska, Isohyetal MapCase Study 5.2. Hastings, Nebraska, Thiessen PolygonCase Study 5.3. Stanley River Catchment, Queensland, Australia5.4. Presentation of Rainfall DataChapter 6. Stormwater Flow6.1. Introduction6.2. Variable Source Areas6.3. Storm Runoff and Baseflow6.4. Separation of Baseflow and QuickflowCase Study 6.1. Little Bighorn River Groundwater RechargeCase Study 6.2. Indirect Groundwater Discharge to the Great Lakes Using Hydrograph Separation6.5. Losses 6.6. Urban Runoff and Consumptive UseCase Study 6.3. Impacts of Water Development on Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Front6.6.3. Implications6.7. SummaryChapter 7: Methods for Estimating Storm Runoff7.1. Introduction7.2. Characterizing Rainfall Events7.3. Runoff Models for Small- to Medium-Sized CatchmentsCase Study 7.1. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Rational MethodCase Study 7.2. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Soil Conservation Service Method7.4. Hydrographs7.6. SummaryChapter 8. Streamflow to Lakes8.1. Introduction8.2. Velocity Distribution and Uniform Flow within Stream Channels8.3. Calculating Channel Flow8.4. Streamflow Hydrographs and Field Measurements for Determining StreamflowChapter 9. Groundwater Flow9.1. Introduction9.2. Groundwater Systems9.3. Groundwater Hydraulics9.4. Fluids in Motion: Laminar and Turbulent Flow9.5. Molecular Attraction, Fluid Viscosity, Friction, Head Loss, and Laminar Flow9.6. Darcy's Law9.7. Hydraulic Head and Hubbert's Classic Treatise on Fluid Potential9.8. Head Loss9.9. Hydraulic Properties of a Porous Medium9.10. Continuum Concept and Representative Elementary Volume9.11. Hydraulic Gradients, Boundary-Value Problem, and Direction of Flow9.12. Field Mapping Equipotential Lines and Flow Nets9.13. SummaryChapter 10. Lake Seepage10.1. Introduction10.2. General Lake-Groundwater Interactions10.3. Determining Seepage10.4. Seepage and Average Linear Velocity10.5. Construction and Placement of Seepage MetersCase Study 10.1. Methods for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity at Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida10.6. Lake Bottom and Hydraulic Conductivity HeterogeneitiesCase Study 10.2. Hypsometric Effects and Lake Bottom Hydraulic Conductivity Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida10.7. Ecological Indicators of Lake Seepage10.8. SummaryChapter 11. An Overview of Lake Hydrology Modeling, Lake Mass Balance, and Hypsometry11.1. Systems11.2. Model Process11.3. Model TypesCase Study 11.1. Lake Mass Balance and HypsometryCase Study 11.2. Numerical Simulation Analyses of Lake-Groundwater InteractionCase Study 11.3: Polynomial Regression Seepage Model of Lake Jackson, Leon County, FloridaCase Study 11.4. Seepage Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida11.4. Development of a Model11.5. Model Selection, Validation, Calibration, and Documentation11.6. SummaryAppendixReferencesIndex

Read more less

Book SynopsisHead waves – also called refraction arrivals, lateral waves, or conical waves – have been used extensively in near-earthquake studies, geophysical prospecting, and deep-crustal seismological investigations. In the past, research was confined largely to the kinematic characteristics of the waves, but emphasis is now being given to the dynamic characteristics: amplitudes, spectra, and wave forms. In the last fifteen years, several new mathematical and computational techniques have been developed to study these waves.This is an advanced, technical book presenting a consistent theory of head waves, using methods developed in the famous Leningrad school under G.I. Petrashen and his colleagues. It proceeds from a consideration of the simplest problem of one interface to a study of the situation in which there are many interfaces (some of which may not be plane or parallel to one another) and the material between the interfaces is not necessarily homogenous. The method i

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe fourth edition of SEG’s best seller is a valuable, comprehensive reference that is a must for every geophysicist, geologist, explorationist, engineer, energy adviser, economist, editor, and student involved in the field. Hundreds of terms have been added since publication of the third edition in 1991, reflecting rapid evolution of the science, especially in the areas of engineering and production problems, 3D (including multicomponent) acquisition and processing, visualization, S- and converted waves, interpretation, anisotropy, AVO, geostatistics, geohazards, neural networks, tomography, downhole measurements, horizontal drilling, and deepwater work. Definitions of hundreds of other terms have been updated. The dictionary’s title has been modified slightly to reflect growth in application of geophysical methods, with the word Applied replacing the word Exploration. The dictionary includes a guide to pronunciation and a list of reference figures and tables. A CD containing the dictionary in searchable PDF format also is included.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBecause most sedimentary rocks encountered in oil and gas exploration are effectively anisotropic, it is imperative to properly estimate seismic anisotropy and incorporate it into data-processing and imaging algorithms. Seismology of Azimuthally Anisotropic Media and Seismic Fracture Characterization (SEG Geophysical References Series No. 17) presents a systematic analysis of seismic signatures for azimuthally anisotropic media and describes anisotropic inversion/processing methods for wide-azimuth reflection data and VSP (vertical seismic profiling) surveys. The main focus is on kinematic parameter-estimation techniques operating with P-waves as well as with the combination of PP and PS (mode-converted) data. The part devoted to prestack amplitudes includes azimuthal AVO (amplitude variation with offset) analysis and a concise treatment of attenuation coefficients, which are highly sensitive to the presence of anisotropy. Discussion of fracture characterization is based on modern effective media theories and illustrates both the potential and limitations of seismic methods. Field-data examples highlight the improvements achieved by accounting for anisotropy in seismic processing, imaging, and fracture detection.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn his classic text, Seismic Prospecting for Oil, C. Hewitt Dix remarks that the correlation of one reflection record with another, that is, the interpretation of seismic data, is a procedure that “can hardly be described in words.” First Steps in Seismic Interpretation (Geophysical Monograph Series No. 16) is a book about fundamental concepts and practices of seismic interpretation that attempts to achieve such a description. Intended for beginning interpreters, this book approaches interpretation via synthesis of concepts and practical applications rather than through formal treatment of basic physics and geology. It is based on the author’s personal experience as a seismic interpreter and is organized along the lines of notes from interpretation classes that he designs and teaches.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMicroseismic Imaging of Hydraulic Fracturing: Improved Engineering of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs (SEG Distinguished Instructor Series No. 17) covers the use of microseismic data to enhance engineering design of hydraulic fracturing and well completion. The book, which accompanies the 2014 SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, describes the design, acquisition, processing, and interpretation of an effective microseismic project. The text includes a tutorial of the basics of hydraulic fracturing, including the geologic and geomechanical factors that control fracture growth. In addition to practical issues associated with collecting and interpreting microseismic data, potential pitfalls and quality-control steps are discussed. Actual case studies are used to demonstrate engineering benefits and improved production through the use of microseismic monitoring. Providing a practical user guide for survey design, quality control, interpretation, and application of microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring, this book will be of interest to geoscientists and engineers involved in development of unconventional reservoirs.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProviding geophysicists with an in-depth understanding of the theoretical and applied background for the seismic diffraction method, Classical and Modern Diffraction Theory covers the history and foundations of the classical theory and the key elements of the modern diffraction theory. Chapters include an overview and a historical review of classical theory, a summary of the experimental results illustrating this theory, and key principles of the modern theory of diffraction; the early cornerstones of classical diffraction theory, starting from its inception in the 17th century and an extensive introduction to reprinted works of Grimaldi, Huygens, and Young; details of the classical theory of diffractions as developed in the 19th century and reprinted works of Fresnel, Green, Helmholtz, Kirchhoff, and Rayleigh; and the cornerstones of the modern theory including Keller’s geometrical theory of diffraction, boundary-layer theory, and super-resolution. Appendices on the Cornuspiral and Babinet’s principle also are included.

Read more less

Book SynopsisExploration and characterization of conventional and unconventional reservoirs using seismic technologies are among the main activities of upstream technology groups and business units of oil and gas operators. However, these activities frequently encounter difficulties in quantitative seismic interpretation due to remaining confusion and new challenges in the fast developing field of seismic petrophysics. Seismic Petrophysics in Quantitative Interpretation shows how seismic interpretation can be made simple and robust by integration of the rock physics principles with seismic and petrophysical attributes bearing on the properties of both conventional (thickness, net/ gross, lithology, porosity, permeability, and saturation) and unconventional (thickness, lithology, organic richness, thermal maturity) reservoirs. Practical solutions to existing interpretation problems in rock physics-based amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis and inversion are addressed in the book to streamline the workflows in subsurface characterization. Although the book is aimed at oil and gas industry professionals and academics concerned with utilization of seismic data in petroleum exploration and production, it could also prove helpful for geotechnical and completion engineers and drillers seeking to better understand how seismic and sonic data can be more thoroughly utilized.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe scope of engineering seismology includes geotechnical site investigations for buildings and engineering infrastructures, such as dams, levees, bridges, and tunnels, landslide and active- fault investigations, seismic microzonation, and geophysical investigations of historic buildings. These projects require multidisciplinary participation by the geologist, geophysicist, and geotechnical and earthquake engineers. A key objective of this book (SEG Investigations in Geophysics Series No. 17) by Öz Yilmaz is to encourage the specialists from these disciplines to apply the seismic method to solve the many challenging engineering problems they face. The broader scope of engineering seismology also includes exploration of earth resources, including groundwater exploration, coal and mineral exploration, and geothermal exploration. While focusing on the application of the seismic method to geotechnical site investigations, this book includes many case studies in all of the applications of engineering seismology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisOver the past decade, microseismic monitoring, a technology used to evaluate the completions of wells drilled to produce hydrocarbons from unconventional reservoirs, has grown increasingly popular among oil and gas companies. Microseismic Monitoring, by Vladimir Grechka and Werner M. Heigl, presents a thorough description of how to process microseismic data and the underlying theory, of what can and cannot be inferred, and to what level of certainty. The layout of the book follows the passage of a seismic wave – from a source triggered by hydraulic stimulation, through hydrocarbon-bearing formations, towards motion sensors. The analysis of various approaches to harvesting the source-related information from microseismic records has singled out the accuracy of the velocity model as the most critical ingredient for the quality of microseismic deliverables and our understanding of the information contained in those. An accurate velocity model, fully accounting for the strong elastic anisotropy of hydraulically fractured shales, is a prerequisite for obtaining precise event hypocenters and interpretable seismic moment tensors. The ray theory complemented by its modern extensions, the paraxial ray tracing and Frechet ray tracing, provides the only practical means available today for building such models. This book was written for geophysicists interested in learning advanced microseismic data-processing techniques.

Read more less

Book SynopsisElementary, conceptual, and easy to read, this book describes the methods and techniques used to estimate rock properties from seismic data, based on a sound understanding of the elastic properties of materials and rocks and how the amplitudes of seismic reflections change with those properties. By examining the recorded seismic amplitudes in some detail, we can deduce properties beyond the basic geological structure of the subsurface. We can, using AVO and other amplitude techniques, characterize rocks and the reservoirs inside them with some degree of qualitative, and even quantitative, detail. Mathematics is not ignored, but is kept to a minimum. Intended for geophysicists, seismic acquisition specialists, processors, and interpreters, even those with little previous exposure to "quantitative interpretation", "interpretive processing", or "advanced seismic analysis", this book also would be appropriate for geologists, engineers, and technicians who are familiar with the concepts but need a methodical review as well as managers and businesspeople who would like to obtain an understanding of these concepts.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom Bohr magneton at the atomic level to van Allen belts in the magnetosphere around the Earth, from an absolute atomic gravimeter to the gravity field curvature, and from Bayesian stochastic inversion to artificial intelligence (AI), this Dictionary contains more than 3,200 entries and presents a terminology-guided summary of the gravity and magnetic theory, measuring instruments, methods of data acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation for geophysical studies of the Earth and other planets. Terrestrial applications include engineering (karst and faults), geodesy, geothermal, groundwater, volcano and global tectonic studies, CO2 sequestration and reservoir monitoring, as well as exploration for oil and gas, rare earth elements (REE), iron, gold, and other mineral resources. The terms are extensively cross referenced to other terms in the book. A comprehensive but concise list of referenced also is included.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents the frontiers of tsunami science and research and demonstrates the unprecedented progress achieved during this period overviewing different aspect of tsunami science including meteorological tsunamis.The two 1992 events near Nicaragua and Flores Island, Indonesia, marked the beginning of a “modern tsunami science era” producing highly destructive tsunamis and opened a 25-year period of numerous devastating events, including two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent human history: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. The book is of interest to scientists and practitioners as well postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering, involved in all aspects of tsunamis, from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation, from coastal impacts to hazard assessment and combining recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.Table of Contents

Read more less

Book SynopsisPython is used in a wide range of geoscientific applications, such as in processing images for remote sensing, in generating and processing digital elevation models, and in analyzing time series. This book introduces methods of data analysis in the geosciences using Python that include basic statistics for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate data sets, time series analysis, and signal processing; the analysis of spatial and directional data; and image analysis. The text includes numerous examples that demonstrate how Python can be used on data sets from the earth sciences. The supplementary electronic material (available online through Springer Link) contains the example data as well as recipes that include all the Python commands featured in the book.Table of ContentsData Analysis in the Earth Sciences.- Introduction to Python.- Univariate Statistics.- Bivariate Statistics.- Time Series Analysis.- Signal Processing.- Spatial Data.- Image Processing.- Multivariate Statistics.- Directional Data.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents a significant amount of structural, paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric data in the Central High Atlas (Morocco). The authors thoroughly described and analyzed the present-day structure of this intraplate chain through 22 of cross-sections, potential field data analysis and 3D reconstruction. In addition, the authors propose a palinspastic reconstruction of the structure of the basin at 100 Ma (i.e., post-extension and pre-compression) to finally evaluate its Mesozoic and Cenozoic geodynamic evolution. This books presents (1) a unique three-dimensional model at the chain scale, (2) an analysis of the ca. 100 Ma remagnetization, to perform palinspastic restorations of most representative structures, (3) as well as the interpretation of the magnetic fabrics in order to unravel the tectonic or deformation setting that the rocks underwent in different parts of the basin. This book is of interest to structural geologists in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean and Iberia, as well as to those interested in inverted intraplate basins and paleomagnetists from around the planet. Also, this book is intended to help students to understand better the geological evolution of the Atlas and therefore Morocco and surrounding areas.Table of ContentsChapter 1. The geological setting of the Moroccan High Atlas and its plate tectonics context.Moussaid, B., El-Ouardi, H., Casas-Sainz A.M., Pocoví, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.1.1. INTRODUCTION1.2. GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING1.3. THE HIGH ATLAS IN ITS GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT: SURROUNDING GEOLOGICALUNITS1.3.1. The Sahara domain1.3.2. The Anti-Atlas1.3.3. The Meseta domain1.3.4. The Rif Chain1.4. GEOLOGICAL FRAME OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.4.1. The Atlantic High Atlas1.4.2. The Marrakech High Atlas1.4.3. The Central High Atlas (CHA)1.4.4. The Eastern High Atlas1.5. GEODYNAMIC FRAME OF THE HIGH ATLAS AND EVOLUTION OF THE APWP1.6. IMPLICATIONS OF THE MAIN GEODYNAMIC EVENTS IN NORTH AFRICA IN ATLASICGEOLOGY1.6.1. Permian-Triassic stage1.6.2. First rifting event: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic1.6.3. Second rifting event: Late Liassic to Early Dogger (180Ma)1.6.4. Bajocian-Late Jurassic stage1.6.5. Early Cretaceous1.6.6. Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic inversion1.7. MAGMATIC EVENTS / HYDROTHERMALISM AND MINERALIZATION1.7.1. Triassic: the CAMP event1.7.2. Jurassic – Cretaceous event1.7.3. Cenozoic event1.7.4. Hydrothermalism and mineralization1.8. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAME OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS1.8.1. Triassic1.8.2. Jurassic1.8.3. Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous1.8.4. Lower Cretaceous1.8.5. Post-Turonian Cretaceous deposits1.8.6. Cenozoic deposits1.9. STRUCTURING OF THE MOROCCAN HIGH ATLAS1.9.1. Extensional structures1.9.2. Post-basinal, pre-inversion tectonic structures1.9.3. Alpine compressional structures1.9.4. Crustal roots for Atlasic structures: the geophysical background1.9.5. Recent evolution of the Atlas belt: topographic featuresREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 2. Structure of the Central High Atlas (Morocco). Constraints from potential field dataand 3D models.Casas-Sainz, A.M., Santolaria, P., Mochales, T., Pocoví, A., Izquierdo, E., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.,Manar, A., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C., Marcén, M., Torres-López, S., Gil-Imaz, A., Román-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Calvín, P.2.1. MAIN STRUCTURAL FEATURES2.1.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)1. Toundoute nappe (Amejgag syncline-Tisguine syncline)2. Skoura culmination: basement thrusts associated with the Toundoute nappe (Asaka Kantoulathrust and others3. Boumalne-Dadès structures4. Central thrust system (Aït Ourena-Tamayoust-Jbel Aderbat-Jbel Badoust)5. Tadighoust anticline6. Amellago recumbent fold system7. Jbel Hamdoun thrust and related structures2.1.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)8. West of the Middle Atlas intersection9. East of the Middle Atlas intersection2.1.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnate area,Zone 3)10. Aït-Attab syncline11. Guettioua syncline12. Iouaridène, Tizgui and Tifni synclines (and intervening anticlines)13. Jbel Til syncline14. Jbel Rat syncline15. Amezri syncline2.1.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)16. Ouaouizaght syncline17. Taguelft syncline18. M’Goun anticline (Tameksout-Timoutiguine-Aït Baha-Toumliline)19. Wagoulzat anticline20. Tabant syncline21. Jbel Azourki anticline and Zawyat Ahansal zone22. Jbel Tilicha anticline23. Jbel Tabaghast thrust24. La Cathédrale thrust25. Aït-Mazigh anticline and western prolongation of La Cathédrale thrust26. Talmest-Tazoult anticline27. Tiffouine-Tagertetouch monocline28. Talmest interference structure29. Addendoum anticline30. Tilouguit monocline2.1.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)31. Tizi’n’Isly syncline and thrust32. Chekret anticline and Ikassene syncline33. Tasraft anticline34. Anergui diapir35. Tassent anticline36. Lacs syncline37. Ikkou anticline38. Tissila anticline and Ikkou syncline39. Tadaghmamt anticline40. Timedouine diapir41. Moussa diapir42. Isselfène diapir and Taltfraout anticline/diapir43. Msmrir diapir and syncline44. Toumliline anticline and diapir45. Platform (cleavage-domain) area between Timedouine and Toumliline2.1.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)46. Jbel Amalou anticline47. Tounfite syncline48. Jbel Masker anticline49. Tirrhist gabbro and associated structures50. Almou syncline51. Jbel Adderdoum thrust52. Taribante syncline53. Jbel Tazreft thrust54. Ameksou anticline55. Assoul syncline56. Jbel Baddou thrust2.1.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)57. Jbel Aouja (and Aït Arouz) anticline58. Sidi Hamza anticline59. Foum Tilich thrust60. Kerrando syncline61. Bou Hamid anticline/thrust62. Gourrama syncline63. Foum Zabel anticline/thrust64. Aghbarou syncline2.2. SERIATED CROSS SECTIONS2.3. INPUT FROM MODELING OF POTENTIAL FIELD DATA2.3.1. Petrophysical properties2.3.1.1 Magnetic susceptibility and density2.3.1.2 Magnetic remanence and Koenigsberger ratio2.3.2 Magnetic maps processing2.3.2.1. Reduction to Pole and Reduction to Equator2.3.2.2. Filtering: Derivatives constraints2.3.2.3. 2.5D modelling of magnetic and gravimetric anomalies2.3.3. Results2.3.3.1. Interpretation of the corrected magnetic field map of IGRF (ICMT), Reduced to Pole(ICMTRTP) and Reduced to Equator (ICMTRTE)2.3.3.2. Interpretation of the Vertical and horizontal Derivatives2.3.3.3. Bouguer anomaly2.3.4. The geophysical anomalies in their relation to geological features and evolution2.3.5. 2.5D modelling. Configuration and interpretation of magnetic and gravimetric models2.3.5.1. Profile 2, Tagoudite2.3.5.2. Profile 8, Anergui E2.3.5.3. Profile 12, Ouaouitzaght2.4. CONTRIBUTIONS OF 3-D RECONSTRUCTIONS TO THE GEOMETRY OF THE CENTRALHIGH ATLAS2.4.1. Methods and workflow2.4.1.1 Defining the model area and resolution2.4.1.2. Modelled stratigraphic pile2.4.1.3. Input data and data compilation in a 3D environment2.4.1.4. Verifying cross-sections in a 3D environment2.4.1.5. Computing the model1. Major bounding thrust2. Faults3. Diapirs4. Diapir-fault systems5. Compiling structural surfaces6. Stratigraphic horizons2.4.2. 3D structural model of the Central High Atlas2.4.2.1. Southern Atlas fold-and-thrust belt (Zone 1)2.4.2.2. Northern Atlas thrust system (Zone 2)2.4.2.3. Western sector: the large interference synclines and basement-involved folds (Demnatearea, Zone 3)2.4.2.4. Central sector (1): thrusts and diapiric anticlines (La Cathédrale area, Zone 4)2.4.2.5. Central sector (2): thrusts, anticlines and diapirs (Imilchil area, Zone 5)2.4.2.6. Eastern sector (1): cleavage-related linear structures (Tounfite area, Zone 6)2.4.2.7. Eastern sector (2): vergence-switching ridges (Midelt-Rich area, Ziz river, Zone 7)2.4.3. Potential and limitations of the 3D modelREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 3. Magnetic properties of the remagnetized carbonates of the Central High Atlas(Morocco).Calvín, P., Bógalo, M.F., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Mochales, T.,Herrejón, A.3.1 METHODOLOGY3.2 GENERAL MAGNETIC FRACTION IN THE ATLASIC ROCKS3.2.1. Carbonates3.2.2. Red beds3.3 MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MAGNETITE-BEARING REMAGNETIZED CARBONATES3.3.1. SP versus SSD grain size3.3.2. ARM vs IRM experiment3.3.3. Coercivity spectra3.3.4 Discussion and summary3.4 CARRIERS OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY3.4.1. Magnetic susceptibility of carbonates3.4.2. Magnetic susceptibility of red-bedsREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 4. Paleomagnetism of the Central High Atlas. The widespread CretaceousRemagnetization and structural implications.Villalaín, J.J., Calvín, P., Falcón, I., Torres-López, S., Bógalo, M.F., Moussaid, B., Ruiz-Martínez, V.C.,Sánchez, E.4.1. MATERIALS, SAMPLING STRATEGY AND METHODS4.2. NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION OF MESOZOIC HIGH ATLAS ROCKS4.3. DIRECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTIC REMANENT MAGNETIZATION4.4. AGE OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.5. SPREADING OF THE HIGH ATLAS REMAGNETIZATION4.6. RESTORATION OF THE PALEOMAGNETIC DIRECTIONS. PALEO-DIPS AT THEREMAGNETIZATION TIME (100 Ma)4.7. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 5. Geodynamic evolution during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the Central High Atlas ofMorocco from Anisotropy of Magnetic SusceptibilityRomán-Berdiel, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., Casas-Sainz, A., Calvín, P., Moussaid, B., Soto, R., Marcén, M., ElOuardi, H., Pocoví, A., Gil-Imaz, A.5.1. SAMPLING AND METHODOLOGY5.2. MAGNETIC FABRIC (RT-AMS) RESULTS5.2.1. Global RT-AMS results5.2.2. RT-AMS by zones and types5.3. MAGNETIC SUBFABRICS (LT-AMS AND AARM) AND PETROFABRICS5.3.1. Scalar parameters5.3.2. Orientation distribution of grains, the information of the magnetic subfabrics (LT-, RT-AMSand AARM)5.3.3. Comparison with petrofabrics5.4. STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE MAGNETIC FABRICS / TECTONICIMPLICATIONS OF THE MAGNETIC FABRIC ORIENTATION5.4.1. Strain characterization from magnetic fabrics in the Central High Atlas5.4.2. Timing of acquisition of AMS: Information derived from magnetic subfabrics separation5.5. CONCLUSIONSREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONSChapter 6. Kinematics of structures and basin evolution in the Central High Atlas. Constraintsfrom AMS and paleomagnetic dataCasas-Sainz, A., Villalaín, J.J., Román-Berdiel, T., Calvín, P., Marcén, M., Izquierdo, E., Santolaria, P.,Pocoví, A., Mochales, T., Oliva-Urcia, B., El-Ouardi, H., Moussaid, B.6.1. PALEODIPS AND FOLD TEST. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS6.2. ORIGIN OF INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES ACCORDING TO PALEOMAGNETISM ANDMAGNETIC FABRIC DATA.6.3. RESTORED CROSS SECTION6.4. SIGNIFICANCE AND MEANING OF MAJOR STRUCTURES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHATLAS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF MAGNETIC TECHNICS6.4.1. Deformation of the Paleozoic basement6.4.2. The asymmetry of the chain: compressional features of the southern Atlas fold-and-thrust-belt6.4.3. Compressional features of the northern belt6.4.4. Diapirism, magmatism and thrusting in the Central High Atlas6.4.5. Geophysical constraints to large-scale structural features6.4.6. Internal deformation: the cleavage domain6.4.7. Geometry of the overall extension and inversion of the Atlasic basin6.5. CONCLUSIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF MAGNETIC TECHNIQUES TO THEEVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL HIGH ATLAS6.5.1. Paleomagnetism and AMS applied to the study of the CHA6.5.2. The intermediate stage in basin evolution6.5.3. Basin geometry: transtension vs. salt tectonics?6.5.4. Final considerations: comparison with other basins of the Thetys domain6.5.5. Concluding remarksREFERENCESFIGURE CAPTIONS

Read more less

Book SynopsisData Analysis in the Earth Sciences.- Introduction to Python.- Univariate Statistics.- Bivariate Statistics.- Time Series Analysis.- Signal Processing.- Spatial Data.- Image Processing.- Multivariate Statistics.- Directional Data.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe mass of the earth.- The structure of the earth: rotation, precession, cosmogony.- The forces that shape the earth: Neptunism vs. Plutonism.- The age of the earth.- The forces that shape the earth: shrinking, isostasy, drift.- The structure of the earth: seismology.- The forces that shape the earth: convection and plates.- Our concept of the earth.- Exercises: Further Food for Thought.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers all aspects of inertial navigation systems (INS), including the sensor technology and the estimation of instrument errors, as well as their integration with Global Navigation Satellite Systems, specifically the Global Positioning System (GPS) for geodetic applications. The text is of interest to geodesists, including surveyors, mappers, and photogrammetrists; to engineers in aviation, navigation, guidance, transportation, and robotics; and to scientists involved in aerogeophysics and remote sensing. The most recent developments are covered with this second edition that also features an updated treatment of the classical material. Detailed mathematical derivations of the principles of measurement and data processing of inertial measurement units for both stabilized and strapdown systems. Complete treatment of the error dynamics from a statistical viewpoint, including the Kalman filter. A self-contained description of GPS with emphasis on kinematic applications. Key concepts supported by illustrations and numerical examples.

Read more less