Description
Book SynopsisThe first book dedicated to describing the hydrology of water flow in lake systems, geared for limnologists and students of hydrology. With fresh water becoming a critical issue around the world, lake mass balancethe hydrology or water movement in lakesis increasingly important to environmental studies and remediation projects. Unfortunately, lake hydrology is often only briefly covered in broader texts on hydrogeology and hydrology or is confined to specialized research papers. Lake Hydrology rigorously describes the hydrology of flow into and out of lake systems. Explaining the physical parameters that influence lake behavior, as well as the mathematics that describes these systems, this in-depth book fills an important niche in the literature of watershed science. This text describes the physical structure and nature of drainage basins and explains the origin and classification of lakes explores the hydrology of lake mass balance and storage as it pertains to lake stage, groundwat
Table of ContentsPreface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1. Limnology
1.2. Dimensions, Units, Measurements, and Mathematical Conventions
1.3. Dimensional Analysis
1.4. Spatial Coordinates
1.5. Mathematics and Statistics
Chapter 2. Water and the Hydrologic Cycle
2.1. Water and Its Properties
2.2. The Hydrologic Cycle
2.3. Mass Balance of Water
Chapter 3. Drainage Basins, Lentic Systems, Lake Morphometry, and Lake Volume
3.1. Drainage Basins
3.2. Lentic Systems
3.3. Solar Radiation
3.4. Lake Morphometry
3.5. Lake Volume or Storage
Case Study 3.1. City of Winters, Texas, Elm Creek Dam and Reservoir
3.6. Summary
Chapter 4. Evapotranspiration
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Evaporation
4.3. Transpiration
4.3.1. Xylem Transport
4.4. Molecular Movement of Water
4.5. Estimates of Evapotranspiration
4.6. Summary
Chapter 5. Rainfall and Surface Flow to Lakes
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Precipitation
5.3. Measuring Precipitation
Case Study 5.1. Hastings, Nebraska, Isohyetal Map
Case Study 5.2. Hastings, Nebraska, Thiessen Polygon
Case Study 5.3. Stanley River Catchment, Queensland, Australia
5.4. Presentation of Rainfall Data
Chapter 6. Stormwater Flow
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Variable Source Areas
6.3. Storm Runoff and Baseflow
6.4. Separation of Baseflow and Quickflow
Case Study 6.1. Little Bighorn River Groundwater Recharge
Case Study 6.2. Indirect Groundwater Discharge to the Great Lakes Using Hydrograph Separation
6.5. Losses
6.6. Urban Runoff and Consumptive Use
Case Study 6.3. Impacts of Water Development on Great Salt Lake and the Wasatch Front
6.6.3. Implications
6.7. Summary
Chapter 7: Methods for Estimating Storm Runoff
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Characterizing Rainfall Events
7.3. Runoff Models for Small- to Medium-Sized Catchments
Case Study 7.1. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Rational Method
Case Study 7.2. Stormwater Runoff Assessment Using Soil Conservation Service Method
7.4. Hydrographs
7.6. Summary
Chapter 8. Streamflow to Lakes
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Velocity Distribution and Uniform Flow within Stream Channels
8.3. Calculating Channel Flow
8.4. Streamflow Hydrographs and Field Measurements for Determining Streamflow
Chapter 9. Groundwater Flow
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Groundwater Systems
9.3. Groundwater Hydraulics
9.4. Fluids in Motion: Laminar and Turbulent Flow
9.5. Molecular Attraction, Fluid Viscosity, Friction, Head Loss, and Laminar Flow
9.6. Darcy's Law
9.7. Hydraulic Head and Hubbert's Classic Treatise on Fluid Potential
9.8. Head Loss
9.9. Hydraulic Properties of a Porous Medium
9.10. Continuum Concept and Representative Elementary Volume
9.11. Hydraulic Gradients, Boundary-Value Problem, and Direction of Flow
9.12. Field Mapping Equipotential Lines and Flow Nets
9.13. Summary
Chapter 10. Lake Seepage
10.1. Introduction
10.2. General Lake-Groundwater Interactions
10.3. Determining Seepage
10.4. Seepage and Average Linear Velocity
10.5. Construction and Placement of Seepage Meters
Case Study 10.1. Methods for Measuring Hydraulic Conductivity at Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida
10.6. Lake Bottom and Hydraulic Conductivity Heterogeneities
Case Study 10.2. Hypsometric Effects and Lake Bottom Hydraulic Conductivity Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida
10.7. Ecological Indicators of Lake Seepage
10.8. Summary
Chapter 11. An Overview of Lake Hydrology Modeling, Lake Mass Balance, and Hypsometry
11.1. Systems
11.2. Model Process
11.3. Model Types
Case Study 11.1. Lake Mass Balance and Hypsometry
Case Study 11.2. Numerical Simulation Analyses of Lake-Groundwater Interaction
Case Study 11.3: Polynomial Regression Seepage Model of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida
Case Study 11.4. Seepage Modeling of Lake Jackson, Leon County, Florida
11.4. Development of a Model
11.5. Model Selection, Validation, Calibration, and Documentation
11.6. Summary
Appendix
References
Index
