Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisThe pioneer of herbal veterinary medicine has again thoroughly revised, updated and expanded her book on natural and organic cures and farming methods, first published in 1952 and now a classic in its field. Juliette de Baïracli Levy''s The Complete Herbal Handbook for Farm and Stable contains everything farmers need to know about farm management and animal husbandry. Levy''s groundbreaking work in this insightful guide provides an invaluable resource for farmers and anyone interested in holistic veterinary medicine.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential reference tool for all those who have a passion for trees as well as those who work in tree-related professions whether they be garden managers, forest and country park wardens, foresters, woodland managers or those working in the fields of arboriculture and horticulture. Moreover, this volume is also intended to be a textbook of trees aimed at arboriculture, horticulture and forestry students studying at National Diploma and Higher National Diploma levels and for candidates of the Royal Horticultural Society's Diploma in Horticulture and the Society's Master of Horticulture [RHS] Award. Other books in this field have tended to concentrate either on the science of trees, or have specialized on their management, culture or aesthetics. This volume, however, is a comprehensive study that illustrates the relationship between all these subjects.

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Book SynopsisVolume 4 is a detailed look at the later years of NASA's Apollo space program from 1968ΓÇô72.

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Book SynopsisMedicinal plants and plant-derived medicine are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. As more and more natural remedies are being commercialised, there is a need for a user-friendly reference guide to the plants and their products. The book gives the reader a bird's eye view of more than 350 of the best known medicinal plants of the world and their uses, in a compact, colourful and scientifically accurate reference text. It provides quick answers to the most obvious questions: Where does this plant originate? What does it look like? In which culture is it traditionally used? What is it used for? Which chemical compounds does it contain? How safe is it? What is known about its pharmacological activity? What evidence is there that it is effective? The authors also provide short overviews of the various health conditions for which medicinal plants are used and the active compounds (secondary metabolites) found in the plants and their modes of actions. This new edition has an additional 30 plant species, many new and improved photographs and the text has been fully updated to reflect the latest regulatory status of each plant.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Introduction 3: Medicine Systems of the World 4: Plant Parts Used 5: Dosage Forms 6: Use of Medicinal Plant Products 7: Active Ingredients 8: Quality Control and Safety 9: Efficacy of Medicinal Plant Products 10: Regulation of Herbal Remedies and Phytomedicines 11: The Plants in Alphabetical Order 12: Health Disorders and Medicinal Plants 13: Overview of Secondary Metabolites and Their Effects 14: Quick Guide to Commercialised Medicinal Plants 15: Glossary

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Anthony Croft is Professor of Mathematics Education at Loughborough University. Robert Davison was formerly Head of Quality at the Faculty of Technology, De Montfort University. Martin Hargreaves is a Chartered Physicist James Flint is Senior Lecturer in Wireless Systems Engineering at Loughborough University.

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Book SynopsisIn this follow-up to Making Small Workshop Tools (Workshop Practice Series No.14), the former editor of Model Engineer's Workshop magazine presents another collection of fifteen invaluable additions to the model engineer's armoury of tools and equipment. This practical collection covers benchwork, the lathe and milling operations and includes marking-out and machining aids plus a simple filing machine and an unusual milling vice. Fully dimensioned drawings, descriptive text and photographs accompany each project in the book.Table of ContentsMicrometer Stand. Finger Plates. Depth Gauges. Finger Clamps. Cross Drilling Jigs. Filing Machine. Setting Up Aid. Hand Turning Rest. Small Slotting Tool. External Chuck Stop. Internal Chuck Stop. Rear Mounted Tool Posts. Tailstock Mounted Knurling Tool. Self-Releasing Mandrel Handle. Improved Milling Vice.

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Book SynopsisDespite the growing interest in olive oil, most people know very little about what it is or how it is made. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of olive oil from the tree to table, from a molecular and personal perspective. Growers often do not know what is happening at a molecular level or why certain practices produce superior or inferior results, for example, why adjusting a temperature rewards them with winning oils. This book aims to provide some of the answers as well as the importance of the chemicals responsible for the flavour and health effects. Readers will also get a deeper understanding of what makes an extra virgin olive oil authentic and how scientists are helping to fight fraud regarding this valuable commodity. Including anecdotes from growers of olives and producers of oils, the authors provide an accessible text for a wide audience from food science students to readers interested in the human story of olive oil production.Table of ContentsOlive Origins; The Beginning of a Grove: Planting the Trees; The Tree Through the Year; Season's End: Harvesting the Fruit; Processing: The Most Important Hour; Delivering Quality and Assuring Authenticity; Good Taste is Required; Health Effects: But is Olive Oil Good for You?; 1001 Uses for Olive Oil; Sustainability

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Book SynopsisThe revised second edition of this established dictionary contains over 4,300 up-to-date entries covering all aspects of astronomy. Compiled with the help of over 20 expert contributors under the editorship of renowned author and broadcaster Ian Ridpath, A Dictionary of Astronomy covers everything from space exploration and the equipment involved, to astrophysics, cosmology, and the concept of time. The dictionary also includes biographical entries on eminent astronomers, as well as worldwide coverage of observatories and telescopes. Supplementary material is included in the appendices, such as tables of Apollo lunar landing missions and the constellations, a table of planetary data, and numerous other tables and diagrams complement the entries.The entries have been fully revised and updated for this edition, and new entries have been added to reflect the recent developments within the field of astronomy, including magnetic reconnection, Fornax cluster, luminosity density, and AkatsukiTrade ReviewReview from previous edition This is an excellent dictionary. It has all the qualities one should reasonably expect from such a reference book: accuracy, clarity, consistency and good coverage of its subject. ...The book is neatly laid out in a way that is easy to use, with a reasonable but not excessive number of cross-references...Ian Ridpath has done a remarkable job to achieve such consistency in the style, technical level and length of entries. And try as I might, I have failed to find any bloomers! This is a classic that the publisher, editor and contributors can be proud of - worthy of the Oxford name, world-famous for its dictionaries and reference books. * Dr Jacqueline Mitton, writer and Public Relations Officer of the Royal Astronomical Society, The Journal of the British Astronomical Association *I shall be glad to have this edition on my shelf. * Robert Connon Smith. The Observatory. *a handy guide for amateur astronomers, students of astronomy, and interested general readers. Both its format and text are clear and straightforward...recommended for its value as an exhaustive quick reference guide on astronomy. Public and academic libraries will want to add this work to their collections. * Electronic Reviews of Science and Technology References *An enormous amount of obscure data is satisfactorily explained here, which is just what you turn to a dictionary for. * Times Literary Supplement *this book is rich in peculiarities for the interested observer. * The Independent *Table of ContentsPREFACE; THE DICTIONARY; APPENDICES

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Book SynopsisWhen you're cooking, you're a chemist! Every time you follow or modify a recipe, you are experimenting with acids and bases, emulsions and suspensions, gels and foams. In your kitchen you denature proteins, crystallize compounds, react enzymes with substrates, and nurture desired microbial life while suppressing harmful bacteria and fungi. And unlike in a laboratory, you can eat your experiments to verify your hypotheses. In Culinary Reactions, author Simon Quellen Field turns measuring cups, stovetop burners, and mixing bowls into graduated cylinders, Bunsen burners, and beakers. How does altering the ratio of flour, sugar, yeast, salt, butter, and water affect how high bread rises? Why is whipped cream made with nitrous oxide rather than the more common carbon dioxide? And why does Hollandaise sauce call for "clarified" butter? This easy-to-follow primer even includes recipes to demonstrate the concepts being discussed, including: Whipped Creamsicle Topping—a foam; Cherry Dream Cheese—a protein gle; Lemonade with Chameleon Eggs—an acid indicator; and more!

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Book SynopsisProfessional CUDA Programming in C provides down to earth coverage of the complex topic of parallel computing, a topic increasingly essential in every day computing. This entry-level programming book for professionals turns complex subjects into easy-to-comprehend concepts and easy-to-follows steps.Table of ContentsForeword xvii Preface xix Introduction xxi Chapter 1: Heterogeneous Parallel Computing with CUDA 1 Parallel Computing 2 Sequential and Parallel Programming 3 Parallelism 4 Computer Architecture 6 Heterogeneous Computing 8 Heterogeneous Architecture 9 Paradigm of Heterogeneous Computing 12 CUDA: A Platform for Heterogeneous Computing 14 Hello World from GPU 17 Is CUDA C Programming Difficult? 20 Summary 21 Chapter 2: CUDA Programming Model 23 Introducing the CUDA Programming Model 23 CUDA Programming Structure 25 Managing Memory 26 Organizing Threads 30 Launching a CUDA Kernel 36 Writing Your Kernel 37 Verifying Your Kernel 39 Handling Errors 40 Compiling and Executing 40 Timing Your Kernel 43 Timing with CPU Timer 44 Timing with nvprof 47 Organizing Parallel Threads 49 Indexing Matrices with Blocks and Threads 49 Summing Matrices with a 2D Grid and 2D Blocks 53 Summing Matrices with a 1D Grid and 1D Blocks 57 Summing Matrices with a 2D Grid and 1D Blocks 58 Managing Devices 60 Using the Runtime API to Query GPU Information 61 Determining the Best GPU 63 Using nvidia-smi to Query GPU Information 63 Setting Devices at Runtime 64 Summary 65 Chapter 3: CUDA Execution Model 67 Introducing the CUDA Execution Model 67 GPU Architecture Overview 68 The Fermi Architecture 71 The Kepler Architecture 73 Profile-Driven Optimization 78 Understanding the Nature of Warp Execution 80 Warps and Thread Blocks 80 Warp Divergence 82 Resource Partitioning 87 Latency Hiding 90 Occupancy 93 Synchronization 97 Scalability 98 Exposing Parallelism 98 Checking Active Warps with nvprof 100 Checking Memory Operations with nvprof 100 Exposing More Parallelism 101 Avoiding Branch Divergence 104 The Parallel Reduction Problem 104 Divergence in Parallel Reduction 106 Improving Divergence in Parallel Reduction 110 Reducing with Interleaved Pairs 112 Unrolling Loops 114 Reducing with Unrolling 115 Reducing with Unrolled Warps 117 Reducing with Complete Unrolling 119 Reducing with Template Functions 120 Dynamic Parallelism 122 Nested Execution 123 Nested Hello World on the GPU 124 Nested Reduction 128 Summary 132 Chapter 4: Global Memory 135 Introducing the CUDA Memory Model 136 Benefits of a Memory Hierarchy 136 CUDA Memory Model 137 Memory Management 145 Memory Allocation and Deallocation 146 Memory Transfer 146 Pinned Memory 148 Zero-Copy Memory 150 Unified Virtual Addressing 156 Unified Memory 157 Memory Access Patterns 158 Aligned and Coalesced Access 158 Global Memory Reads 160 Global Memory Writes 169 Array of Structures versus Structure of Arrays 171 Performance Tuning 176 What Bandwidth Can a Kernel Achieve? 179 Memory Bandwidth 179 Matrix Transpose Problem 180 Matrix Addition with Unified Memory 195 Summary 199 Chapter 5: Shared Memory and Constant Memory 203 Introducing CUDA Shared Memory 204 Shared Memory 204 Shared Memory Allocation 206 Shared Memory Banks and Access Mode 206 Configuring the Amount of Shared Memory 212 Synchronization 214 Checking the Data Layout of Shared Memory 216 Square Shared Memory 217 Rectangular Shared Memory 225 Reducing Global Memory Access 232 Parallel Reduction with Shared Memory 232 Parallel Reduction with Unrolling 236 Parallel Reduction with Dynamic Shared Memory 238 Effective Bandwidth 239 Coalescing Global Memory Accesses 239 Baseline Transpose Kernel 240 Matrix Transpose with Shared Memory 241 Matrix Transpose with Padded Shared Memory 245 Matrix Transpose with Unrolling 246 Exposing More Parallelism 249 Constant Memory 250 Implementing a 1D Stencil with Constant Memory 250 Comparing with the Read-Only Cache 253 The Warp Shuffle Instruction 255 Variants of the Warp Shuffle Instruction 256 Sharing Data within a Warp 258 Parallel Reduction Using the Warp Shuffle Instruction 262 Summary 264 Chapter 6: Streams and Concurrency 267 Introducing Streams and Events 268 CUDA Streams 269 Stream Scheduling 271 Stream Priorities 273 CUDA Events 273 Stream Synchronization 275 Concurrent Kernel Execution 279 Concurrent Kernels in Non-NULL Streams 279 False Dependencies on Fermi GPUs 281 Dispatching Operations with OpenMP 283 Adjusting Stream Behavior Using Environment Variables 284 Concurrency-Limiting GPU Resources 286 Blocking Behavior of the Default Stream 287 Creating Inter-Stream Dependencies 288 Overlapping Kernel Execution and Data Transfer 289 Overlap Using Depth-First Scheduling 289 Overlap Using Breadth-First Scheduling 293 Overlapping GPU and CPU Execution 294 Stream Callbacks 295 Summary 297 Chapter 7: Tuning Instruction-Level Primitives 299 Introducing CUDA Instructions 300 Floating-Point Instructions 301 Intrinsic and Standard Functions 303 Atomic Instructions 304 Optimizing Instructions for Your Application 306 Single-Precision vs. Double-Precision 306 Standard vs. Intrinsic Functions 309 Understanding Atomic Instructions 315 Bringing It All Together 322 Summary 324 Chapter 8: GPU-Accelerated CUDA Libraries and OpenACC 327 Introducing the CUDA Libraries 328 Supported Domains for CUDA Libraries 329 A Common Library Workflow 330 The CUSPARSE Library 332 cuSPARSE Data Storage Formats 333 Formatting Conversion with cuSPARSE 337 Demonstrating cuSPARSE 338 Important Topics in cuSPARSE Development 340 cuSPARSE Summary 341 The cuBLAS Library 341 Managing cuBLAS Data 342 Demonstrating cuBLAS 343 Important Topics in cuBLAS Development 345 cuBLAS Summary 346 The cuFFT Library 346 Using the cuFFT API 347 Demonstrating cuFFT 348 cuFFT Summary 349 The cuRAND Library 349 Choosing Pseudo- or Quasi- Random Numbers 349 Overview of the cuRAND Library 350 Demonstrating cuRAND 354 Important Topics in cuRAND Development 357 CUDA Library Features Introduced in CUDA 6 358 Drop-In CUDA Libraries 358 Multi-GPU Libraries 359 A Survey of CUDA Library Performance 361 cuSPARSE versus MKL 361 cuBLAS versus MKL BLAS 362 cuFFT versus FFTW versus MKL 363 CUDA Library Performance Summary 364 Using OpenACC 365 Using OpenACC Compute Directives 367 Using OpenACC Data Directives 375 The OpenACC Runtime API 380 Combining OpenACC and the CUDA Libraries 382 Summary of OpenACC 384 Summary 384 Chapter 9: Multi-GPU Programming 387 Moving to Multiple GPUs 388 Executing on Multiple GPUs 389 Peer-to-Peer Communication 391 Synchronizing across Multi-GPUs 392 Subdividing Computation across Multiple GPUs 393 Allocating Memory on Multiple Devices 393 Distributing Work from a Single Host Thread 394 Compiling and Executing 395 Peer-to-Peer Communication on Multiple GPUs 396 Enabling Peer-to-Peer Access 396 Peer-to-Peer Memory Copy 396 Peer-to-Peer Memory Access with Unified Virtual Addressing 398 Finite Difference on Multi-GPU 400 Stencil Calculation for 2D Wave Equation 400 Typical Patterns for Multi-GPU Programs 401 2D Stencil Computation with Multiple GPUs 403 Overlapping Computation and Communication 405 Compiling and Executing 406 Scaling Applications across GPU Clusters 409 CPU-to-CPU Data Transfer 410 GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer Using Traditional MPI 413 GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer with CUDA-aware MPI 416 Intra-Node GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer with CUDA-Aware MPI 417 Adjusting Message Chunk Size 418 GPU to GPU Data Transfer with GPUDirect RDMA 419 Summary 422 Chapter 10: Implementation Considerations 425 The CUDA C Development Process 426 APOD Development Cycle 426 Optimization Opportunities 429 CUDA Code Compilation 432 CUDA Error Handling 437 Profile-Driven Optimization 438 Finding Optimization Opportunities Using nvprof 439 Guiding Optimization Using nvvp 443 NVIDIA Tools Extension 446 CUDA Debugging 448 Kernel Debugging 448 Memory Debugging 456 Debugging Summary 462 A Case Study in Porting C Programs to CUDA C 462 Assessing crypt 463 Parallelizing crypt 464 Optimizing crypt 465 Deploying Crypt 472 Summary of Porting crypt 475 Summary 476 Appendix: Suggested Readings 477 Index 481

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Spatial Transformations 3. Forward Kinematics 4. Inverse Kinematics 5. Velocities, Static Forces, and Jacobians 6. Dynamics 7. Trajectory Planning 8. Mechanical Design of Robots 9. Linear Control 10. Non-Linear Control 11. Force Control 12. Programming Languages and Systems 13. Simulation and Off-Line Programming

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Book Synopsis"Practical, well written, and comprehensive. . . . Read this book cover to cover, or keep it handy as a reference for all aspects of goat care."—Sarah Flack, author of The Art and Science of Grazing This one-of-a-kind guide will empower even novice goat owners, offering expert guidance on maintaining a healthy herd—whether they are dairy, meat, fiber, or pet goats Goats have provided humankind with essential products for centuries; indeed, they bear the noble distinction of being the first domesticated farm animal. From providing milk and meat for sustenance and fiber and hides for clothing and shelter to carrying packs and clearing brush, there isn’t much that goats cannot do. Managing goats successfully requires an understanding of how nature designed them to thrive, including nutritional and psychological needs, as well as how to identify a problem and intercede before it’s too late. For more than a decade, Gianaclis Caldwell and her family have operated Pholia Farm Creamery, an off-grid, raw milk goat cheese dairy. In Holistic Goat Care, Caldwell offers readers a comprehensive guide to maintaining a healthy herd of goats, whether they are dairy goats, meat goats, fiber goats, or pet goats. Holistic Goat Care will empower even novice goat owners to confidently diagnose and treat most of the ailments that goats might experience. For the experienced goat farmer, the book offers a depth of insight and approaches to treatment not found in any other book. Caldwell places special emphasis throughout on holistic, natural, and alternative approaches to caring for goats, including information on: Handling and managing goats using their natural instincts as an asset Developing good farm management practices such as appropriate housing and fencing systems and manure and mortality management Making feeding decisions based on understanding goats’ ruminant digestive system and their evolutionary needs Growing forage and garden crops as feed and utilizing wild browse Troubleshooting health problems based on assessing symptoms Implementing advanced health procedures such as pain control, fecal testing, and transplanting rumen microbes from healthy to sick goats Diagnosing, treating, and preventing more than 75 common goat ailments Whether your herd is two or two hundred, this first-of-its-kind, comprehensive book will help you keep your goats healthy, safe, and productive and give you a deep and enjoyable insight into the wondrous creature that is the goat.Trade Review“In Holistic Goat Care, Gianaclis Caldwell demonstrates that modern, practical, holistic, small-farm methods are the true state of the art. Her unique understanding of goat care—connecting science, real-world farming, and the healing arts—comes alive through her clear and inspiring writing. This much-needed book gifts goat owners with a ready, reliable reference for whatever nature sends their way.”—Fred Walters, editor, Acres U.S.A. magazine“Holistic Goat Care is a rare and refreshing synergy of commonsense goat lore and sound holistic principles—worthy of a place in every goat owner’s library. I am impressed with the book’s layout, as well as the content.”—Richard J. Holliday, DVM, holistic veterinarian; coauthor of A Holistic Vet’s Prescription for a Healthy Herd“Holistic Goat Care is practical, well written, and comprehensive. Giancalis Caldwell covers everything from browse to barns, breeding to birthing, vitamins to vaccination, and parasites to pizzle rot, in an easy-to-read format. The book reflects both her hands-on experience with goats and her extensive knowledge of their physiological needs and their sometimes idiosyncratic behavior. The examples of goat farms in various climates and countries make the information broadly applicable to many regions. With a light touch of humor and a hearty helping of practical advice, Gianaclis shares her depth of knowledge and her appreciation of the role and value of goats in agriculture both currently and historically. Read this book cover to cover, or keep it handy as a reference for all aspects of goat care.”—Sarah Flack, author of The Art and Science of Grazing“The next best thing to learning about goat keeping through years of experience is to read Holistic Goat Care. Gianaclis Caldwell not only provides all the essential details, she frankly describes unhappy events along with successes, to save readers the anguish of making similar mistakes and to demonstrate that sometimes bad things happen even to the most conscientious goat keeper. Rather than dictating a single rigid approach to holistic goat management, Caldwell offers numerous natural and alternative options to help you develop practices that best suit your goals and your herd’s specific needs.”—Gail Damerow, author of The Backyard Homestead Guide to Raising Farm Animals“Holistic Goat Care is far and away the most complete guide to goat keeping I’ve ever seen. Gianaclis Caldwell handles basic care and advanced subjects, such as on-farm necropsies, cud transplants, and scur removal, with equal aplomb. Whether you have two goats or two hundred, you need this book!”—Sue Weaver, author of The Backyard Goat“I wish this book had been around when I started raising goats. Gianaclis Caldwell has a friendly, clear style of writing that makes a huge subject much less daunting. I highly recommend that beginners read Holistic Goat Care before starting out on their own goat adventure. Experienced goat owners will definitely find this book a useful reference as well. As a firm believer in providing holistic and humane care for all my animals, I am pleased to finally find a book that covers this slant for goats.”—Molly Nolte, founder, Molly’s Herbals and FiasCoFarm.com“Holistic Goat Care is an excellent resource for raising healthy goats. Gianaclis Caldwell stresses the importance of preventative medicine, which is a critical aspect of raising goats. The information in this well-written book will be very beneficial for beginners, agriculture-oriented students, veterinary students, and veterinarians. The author stresses the importance of early recognition of conditions and diseases. She also discusses treatment through conventional medicine and alternative or integrative medicine, as well as the use of complementary therapies such as herbal and homeopathic if needed. All sixteen chapters are very informative, and the text is referenced to excellent resources in goat medicine. I believe this book will be an excellent source of information in raising goats.”—Lionel J. Dawson, BVSc, MS, DACT, professor, Center of Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University

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Book SynopsisWith more than 150 color images, step-by-step instructions and detailed explanations, and a handy materials list of components and sources, this is the ultimate guide to explore the hidden universe of radio waves!

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Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Gasoline Models: 100, 130, 140, 200, 230, 240, 284, 330, 340, 354, 404, 424, 444, 2404, 2424, 2444, 2504, B-414, F504, IH504. Diesel Models: 274, 284, 340, 354, 364, 384, 424, 444, 2424, 2444, 2504, B-275, B-414, F504, IH504

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Book SynopsisThis is a unique, practical, hands-on guide to boat manoeuvring - ideal for cockpit use or as an aide-memoire.Manoeuvring a yacht under engine at close quarters in a marina closeto other (expensive!) boats can be a daunting prospect for theinexperienced skipper - but it has to be done in order to take yourboat off a pontoon to go sailing, and to berth her after a day on thewater. Throw in fast flowing tides, and unpredictable wind which might blow from thebow or beam or stern, and the exercise becomes even more of a lottery -even for the experienced boat handler.Here at last is a well organised visual guide to coping in everypossible combination of wind and tide situation. Laid out in a very clear way, with one manoeuvre per page and in a handy wiro format for use when at the helm, thisis the ideal teach yourself guide, and the perfect on-board aidememoire. It will be a godsend to every nervous helmsman, and a good<Trade ReviewThis 'how to tackle any situation' guide, printed on heavyweight paper, covers everything from moorings to rafts, piles, trots, pontoons and marina berths, explaining each manoeuvre with simple text and a clear diagram * Practical Boat Owner *This is the book every sailor need to read before taking up a marina berth * Yachting Monthly *This is the book every sailor need to read before taking up a marina berth * Yachting Monthly *makes for an excellent tutorial, and the sort of guide that might be very handy to have on board! * Sailing *

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Book SynopsisMaster the essentials of structural steel design with Segui/Soleimani's market-leading STEEL DESIGN, 7th Edition, with its unique focus on the design of individual members and their connections. Tailored to your instructor's course structure, our text gives you a solid foundation in both LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) and ASD (Allowable Stress Design) and includes both SI and US Customary units. This text is your companion that will guide you through applying fundamental design principles and practical procedures, while deepening your understanding of concepts with the underlying theory. Ideal for junior and senior-level steel design classes, its advanced chapters are also perfect for your graduate courses. This comprehensive resource will also serve you well as a reference throughout your engineering career.

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Book SynopsisA gorgeously illustrated and highly comprehensive guide to creating a profitable and productive market garden or small farm.

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Book SynopsisThis timely and urgent collection brings together cutting-edge interdisciplinary scholarship and ideas from around the world to present critical examinations of climate coloniality.Confronting Climate Coloniality exposes how legacies of colonialism, imperialism, and capitalism co-produce and exacerbate the climate crisis, create disproportionate impacts on those who contributed the least to climate change, and influence global and local responses. Climate coloniality is perpetuated through processes of neoliberalism, racial capitalism, development interventions, economic growth models, media, and education. Confronting climate coloniality entails decolonizing climate discourses and governance, challenging the dominant framings and policies, interrogating material, geopolitical, and institutional arrangements for tackling the climate crisis, and centering Global South and Indigenous knowledge, experiences, strategies, and solutions. Confronting Climate Coloniality: Decolonizing Pathways for Climate Justice provides critical insights and strategies for transformative action and fosters deeper understandings of the structural injustices entangled with climate change in governance, framings, policies, responses, and praxis. This collection offers pioneering interdisciplinary research on alternative frameworks for decolonized approaches for more meaningful climate justice.With originality, scholarly rigor, and emphasis on amplifying marginalized voices, this collection is an indispensable resource for interdisciplinary scholars, policymakers, and activists committed to advancing climate justice.

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Book SynopsisThis book is your AutoCAD 2025 Instructor. The objective of this book is to provide you with extensive knowledge of AutoCAD, whether you are taking an instructor-led course or learning on your own.AutoCAD 2025 Instructor maintains the pedagogy and in-depth coverage that have always been the hallmark of the Leach texts. As the top-selling university textbook for more than a decade, the AutoCAD Instructor series continues to deliver broad coverage of AutoCAD in a structured, easy-to-comprehend manner.AutoCAD 2025 Instructor is command-oriented, just like AutoCAD. Chapters are structured around related commands, similar to the organization of AutoCADâs menu system.The sequence of chapters starts with fundamental drawing commands and skills and then progresses to more elaborate procedures and specialized applications. The writing style introduces small pieces of information explained in simple form, and then builds on that knowledge to deliver more complex drawing strategies, requiring a synthesis of earlier concepts. Over 2000 figures illustrate the commands, features, and ideas.AutoCAD 2025 Instructor is an ideal reference guide, unlike tutorial-oriented books where specific information is hard to relocate. Because these chapters focus on related commands, and complete coverage for each command is given in one place, the commands, procedures, and applications are easy to reference. Tabbed pages help locate tables, lists, appendices, and the comprehensive index.What makes this book unique? In depth coverage of AutoCAD 2025 commands and features Command Tables indicate where to locate and how to start each command TIP markers in the margin provide important tips, notes, reminders, and short-cuts Complete chapter exercises with many multi-chapter REUSE problems Well suited for a two or three course sequence Online ResourcesYour purchase of AutoCAD 2025 Instructor includes two free exclusive bonus chapters and introductory videos that are available by redeeming the unique access code found on the inside of the front cover. These bonus chapters cover dynamic blocks and express tools.Video TutorialsThis textbook includes access to videos that are designed to help you get started using the most common tools in AutoCAD. These tutorials complement the textbook content by providing a practical, hands-on approach to understanding the basics of AutoCAD. They serve as an excellent starting point for learners who prefer to see the tools in action, reinforcing the written instructions and deepening your understanding of AutoCADâs essential functionalities. Although these videos do not encompass the entire scope of the textbook, they offer a comprehensive overview of the basics, facilitating a strong foundational knowledge.In this edition, we've significantly expanded our video resources to encompass a broader range of AutoCAD's tools, features, commands, and functionalities.

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Book SynopsisJoin the real Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines as they compete in the Round Britain race. .Woodward's warm, wry account of learning to fly will lift hearts everywhere. BBC2 documentary based on the book 30 January 2012.Antony Woodward wasn't interested in flying, he was interested in his image. So in his world of socialising and serial womanising, a microlight plane sounded like the ideal sex aid. So why once he discovers that he has no ability as a pilot, it costs a fortune and its maddening unreliability loses him the one girl he really wants does he get more and more hooked?As he monitors the changes to the others in the syndicate; as he learns that there is a literal down-side to cheating in flying exams, shunning responsibility and pretending to know stuff you don't, the question keeps on surfacing. Why? As the misadventures mount accidents, tussles with Tornadoes, arrest by the RAF he keeps thinking he's worked it out. But it isn't until The Crash, in which he nearlyTrade Review‘Inspirational…one of the best books ever written about flying.’ PILOT, May 2011 ‘What Nick Hornby did for football, Antony Woodward has done for flying … Wonderful.’ OBSERVER ‘Hugely engaging … refreshingly amateur and low-tech … a true love affair, albeit with clouds and air.’ SUNDAY TELEGRAPH ‘Hilarious … chock-full of incident, heartache, historical detail and near-death-experience, in as entertaining a non-fiction narrative as I have read … Woodward has a gift for storytelling and comic timing and his acute awareness of the absurdities of maleness make this an impossible book not to like. INDEPENDENT 'A must-read for all pilots, everywhere, ever. But would I get in a plane with this nutter? F***, no.' (Captain) ALEX JAMES, BLUR 'Nick Hornby meets Jeremy Clarkson in a cockpit. Acutely funny', MARIELLA FROSTRUP 'Woodward's a truly terrible aviator - but his enthusiasm makes even the most timid flier want to take to the skies.' FHM ‘A genuine original–smartly written, eccentric, funny, engaging, with just the right combination of anorak and anarchy…The flying sequences are fabulous, the historic ghosts of Bomber command are strangely moving, and the whole book stays wonderfully airborne throughout. It reminds me of the early lunatic Redmond O’Hanlon, and a bit of Roger Deakin’s weird, soul-searching, swim-across-England book “Waterlog”.’ RICHARD HOLMES 'Lunatic… written so engagingly as to ensnare even those who know nothing about flying.' TIM BINYON, EVENING STANDARD 'Propellerhead is one of the best aviation books of the lot, and it has almost universal appeal…Take it from me, anyone who has even an incipient trace of flying in their blood will want to read Propellerhead.' PHILIP WHITEMAN, GENERAL AVIATION 'This eccentric, charming and poignant book is full of gems…sublime.' COUNTRY LIFE

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Book SynopsisPhysics of Energy Sourcesprovides readers with a balanced presentation of the fundamental physics needed to understand and analyze conventional and renewable energy sources including nuclear, solar, wind and water power. It also presents various ways in which energy can be stored for future use.Table of ContentsEditors’ preface to the Manchester Physics Series xi Author’s preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Energy consumption 1 1.2 Energy sources 3 1.3 Renewable and non-renewable energy sources 5 1.4 The form and conversion of energy 6 1.4.1 Thermal energy sources 7 1.4.2 Mechanical energy sources 7 1.4.3 Photovoltaic sources 7 1.4.4 Energy storage 8 Problems 1 9 2 The atomic nucleus 11 2.1 The composition and properties of nuclei 12 2.1.1 The composition of nuclei 12 2.1.2 The size of a nucleus 14 2.1.3 The distributions of nuclear matter and charge 19 2.1.4 The mass of a nucleus 21 2.1.5 The charge of a nucleus 24 2.1.6 Nuclear binding energy 27 2.1.7 Binding energy curve of the nuclides 30 2.1.8 The semi-empirical mass formula 32 2.2 Nuclear forces and energies 35 2.2.1 Characteristics of the nuclear force 35 2.2.2 Nuclear energies 36 2.2.3 Quantum mechanical description of a particle in a potential well 39 2.3 Radioactivity and nuclear stability 47 2.3.1 Segré chart of the stable nuclides 48 2.3.2 Decay laws of radioactivity 49 2.3.3 α, β and γ decay 57 Problems 2 67 3 Nuclear power 71 3.1 How to get energy from the nucleus 71 3.2 Nuclear reactions 73 3.2.1 Nuclear reactions 73 3.2.2 Q-value of a nuclear reaction 74 3.2.3 Reaction cross-sections and reaction rates 76 3.3 Nuclear fission 82 3.3.1 Liquid-drop model of nuclear fission 83 3.3.2 Induced nuclear fission 86 3.3.3 Fission cross-sections 87 3.3.4 Fission reactions and products 88 3.3.5 Energy in fission 90 3.3.6 Moderation of fast neutrons 92 3.3.7 Uranium enrichment 93 3.4 Controlled fission reactions 97 3.4.1 Chain reactions 97 3.4.2 Control of fission reactions 101 3.4.3 Fission reactors 103 3.4.4 Commercial nuclear reactors 105 3.4.5 Nuclear waste 107 3.5 Nuclear fusion 109 3.5.1 Fusion reactions 110 3.5.2 Energy in fusion 111 3.5.3 Coulomb barrier for nuclear fusion 113 3.5.4 Fusion reaction rates 113 3.5.5 Performance criteria 115 3.5.6 Controlled thermonuclear fusion 117 Problems 3 123 4 Solar power 127 4.1 Stellar fusion 128 4.1.1 Star formation and evolution 128 4.1.2 Thermonuclear fusion in the Sun: the proton–proton cycle 131 4.1.3 Solar radiation 132 4.2 Blackbody radiation 134 4.2.1 Laws of blackbody radiation 135 4.2.2 Emissivity 137 4.2.3 Birth of the photon 141 4.3 Solar radiation and its interaction with the Earth 145 4.3.1 Characteristics of solar radiation 145 4.3.2 Interaction of solar radiation with Earth and its atmosphere 147 4.3.3 Penetration of solar energy into the ground 155 4.4 Geothermal energy 159 4.4.1 Shallow geothermal energy 160 4.4.2 Deep geothermal energy 161 4.5 Solar heaters 162 4.5.1 Solar water heaters 162 4.5.2 Heat transfer processes 165 4.5.3 Solar thermal power systems 172 4.6 Heat engines: converting heat into work 174 4.6.1 Equation of state of an ideal gas 175 4.6.2 Internal energy, work and heat: the first law of thermodynamics 177 4.6.3 Specific heats of gases 181 4.6.4 Isothermal and adiabatic expansion 183 4.6.5 Heat engines and the second law of thermodynamics 185 Problems 4 196 5 Semiconductor solar cells 201 5.1 Introduction 201 5.2 Semiconductors 204 5.2.1 The band structure of crystalline solids 204 5.2.2 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors 208 5.3 The p–n junction 214 5.3.1 The p–n junction in equilibrium 214 5.3.2 The biased p–n junction 217 5.3.3 The current–voltage characteristic of a p–n junction 219 5.3.4 Electron and hole concentrations in a semiconductor 222 5.3.5 The Fermi energy in a p–n junction 227 5.4 Semiconductor solar cells 229 5.4.1 Photon absorption at a p–n junction 229 5.4.2 Power generation by a solar cell 231 5.4.3 Maximum power delivery from a solar cell 235 5.4.4 The Shockley–Queisser limit 238 5.4.5 Solar cell construction 240 5.4.6 Increasing the efficiency of solar cells and alternative solar cell materials 243 Problems 5 248 6 Wind power 251 6.1 A brief history of wind power 251 6.2 Origin and directions of the wind 253 6.2.1 The Coriolis force 253 6.3 The flow of ideal fluids 256 6.3.1 The continuity equation 257 6.3.2 Bernoulli’s equation 258 6.4 Extraction of wind power by a turbine 263 6.4.1 The Betz criterion 265 6.4.2 Action of wind turbine blades 268 6.5 Wind turbine design and operation 271 6.6 Siting of a wind turbine 277 Problems 6 280 7 Water power 283 7.1 Hydroelectric power 284 7.1.1 The hydroelectric plant and its principles of operation 284 7.1.2 Flow of a viscous fluid in a pipe 286 7.1.3 Hydroelectric turbines 288 7.2 Wave power 291 7.2.1 Wave motion 292 7.2.2 Water waves 306 7.2.3 Wave energy converters 319 7.3 Tidal power 324 7.3.1 Origin of the tides 325 7.3.2 Variation and enhancement of tidal range 335 7.3.3 Harnessing tidal power 341 Problems 7 346 8 Energy storage 349 8.1 Types of energy storage 350 8.2 Chemical energy storage 351 8.2.1 Biological energy storage 351 8.2.2 Hydrogen energy storage 351 8.3 Thermal energy storage 352 8.4 Mechanical energy storage 355 8.4.1 Pumped hydroelectric energy storage 355 8.4.2 Compressed air energy storage 357 8.4.3 Flywheel energy storage 361 8.5 Electrical energy storage 364 8.5.1 Capacitors and super-capacitors 365 8.5.2 Superconducting magnetic storage 367 8.5.3 Rechargeable batteries 368 8.5.4 Fuel cells 370 8.6 Distribution of electrical power 372 Problems 8 374 Solutions to problems 377 Index 397

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a highly integrated, step-by-step approach to the design and construction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. It is effectively two books in one: A textbook on cryostat design techniques and an appendix data handbook that provides materials-property data for carrying out that design. The main text encompasses a wide range of information, written for specialists, without leaving beginning students behind. After summarizing cooling methods, Part I provides core information in an accessible style on techniques for cryostat design and fabrication - including heat-transfer design, selection of materials, construction, wiring, and thermometry, accompanied by many graphs, data, and clear examples. Part II gives a practical user''s perspective of sample mounting techniques and contact technology. Part III applies the information from Parts I and II to the measurement and analysis of superconductor critical currents, including in-depth measurement techniques and the latest developments in data analysis and scaling theory. The appendix is a ready reference handbook for cryostat design, encompassing seventy tables compiled from the contributions of experts and over fifty years of literature.Trade ReviewThis book presents a highly integrated, step-by-step approach to the design and construction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. * Bulletin of the Institute of Refrigeration *Overall, I highly recommend Ekin's book. It is informative and well written, for beginners who are starting research at low temperatures and for veterans who will benefit from the author's experience. George O. Zimmerman, Physics Today, May 2007, page 67This extensively illustrated book presents a step-by-step approach to the design and constuction of low-temperature measurement apparatus. Many recent developments in the field not previously published are covered in this volume. * CERN Courier *I could not wait for this book to appear in print. I will make it required reading for anyone designing cryogenic probes for use in our laboratory. * Bruce Brandt, U.S.National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida *I am very impressed with the mixture of rigour and practicality that the book offers.[...] The charts are a treasure trove of practical information. * Mark Colclough, University of Birmingham *Beginners as well as [specialists] should have such a text, including the copious data on cryogenics ... * Hisayasu Kobayashi, University of Tokyo *I really liked the example calculations [...] If you don't find the information in the text, one can be sure that it's in the Appendix. This makes the text a 'stand-alone' book on cryostat design. * Karsten Guth, Universität Göttingen *Table of ContentsPART I ; PART II ; PART III

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Book SynopsisLearn practical electronics at your own pace What is a semiconductor? How do you lay out circuits to avoid noise and interference? What do inductors and transformers have in common? How does a coaxial cable carry power to an antenna? With Practical Electronics: A Self-Teaching Guide, you''ll discover the answers to these questions and many more about the basics of electricity and electronic components. Thoroughly researched for our digital age, this easy-to-use guide makes familiar the workings of transistors, capacitors, diodes, resistors, integrated circuits, and more. Electronics expert Ralph Morrison starts you off with two of the simplest electronic components, showing you how to combine them into circuits and then add more components to create more complex circuits. He includes detailed learning circuits, which are electronic circuits you can build yourself, even if you have had no prior electronics experience. The clearly structured format of Practical Table of ContentsList of the Learning Circuits. A Note to the Reader. 1. Resistors, Capacitors, and Voltage. 2. Inductors, Transformers, and Resonance. 3. Introduction to Semiconductors. 4. More Semiconductor Circuits. 5. Feedback and IC Amplifiers. 6. IC Applications. 7. Circuit Construction, Radiation, and Interference. 8. A Review of Basic Electrical Concepts. Appendix I: Preparing to Use the Learning Circuits. Appendix II: Basic Algebra. Index.

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Book SynopsisPaul A. Myerson is a Professor of Practice in Supply Chain Management at Lehigh University and holds a B.S. in Business Logistics and an M.B.A. in Physical Distribution. Professor Myerson has an extensive background as a Supply Chain and Logistics professional, consultant, and teacher. Prior to joining the faculty at Lehigh, Professor Myerson has been a successful change catalyst for a variety of clients and organizations of all sizes, having over 30 years experience in Supply Chain and Logistics strategies, systems, and operations that have resulted in bottom-line improvements for companies such as General Electric, Unilever, and Church and Dwight (Arm & Hammer). Professor Myerson created and has marketed a Supply Chain Planning software tool for Windows to a variety of companies worldwide since 1998. He is the author of the books Lean Supply Chain & Logistics (McGraw-Hill, Copyright 2012) and Lean Wholesale and Retail (McGrawTrade Review"Paul Myerson's new book is a refreshing and a welcomed addition to the field, offering the reader a clear and easy-to-understand presentation of the key concepts and methods used in the field of supply chain management. His work is not only easy to understand but also comprehensive in coverage. "I highly recommend it to university professors who want to incorporate it in their undergraduate and graduate courses in supply chain management. I have become a real fan of Supply Chain and Logistics Management Made Easy. Certainly, nothing in life is easy, but Paul Myerson's new book has made the field more attractive and popular." -Richard A. Lancioni, Professor of Marketing and Supply Chain Management, Fox School of Business & Management, Temple University "Is it possible to take a discipline that involves millions of moving things, people, and processes and make it easy? Paul has taken the complex subject of supply chain and delivered a thorough and easy-to-understand review of all its elements. For the business student, the book provides a comprehensive view of the supply chain and serves as an effective introduction to the discipline and as an effective teaching tool. For the supply chain expert, this book is an excellent tool for reflection on all things supply chain. Each section brings back thoughts of the challenges the accomplished supply chain leader has faced. The book is an excellent resource for anyone in business who is looking to work in or currently works in supply chain management." -Gary MacNew, Regional Vice President, Supply Chain Optimizers "This is an excellent read for both students and professionals who are interested in gaining a better understanding of what supply chain and logistics is all about. It is an easy-to-understand handbook for anyone who has a need to better understand supply chain management or is responsible for helping their organization gain an advantage from their supply chain. Myerson's book should be on every manager's bookshelf for ready reference." -Robert J. Trent, Ph.D., Supply Chain Management Program Director, Lehigh University "Paul does a great job compacting supply chain management and logistics into one text. I wish I would have had this book when I was a logistics student 30+ years ago, but it's a great text and reference for me now, too. The SCM discipline is very wide and diverse now. This book captures all the elements. A complete professional reference. An easy read that teaches." -Andy Gillespie, Director, Global Logistics, Ansell "Practical, accessible, up-to-date, and covering today's best practices, Supply Chain and Logistics Management Made Easy is the ideal introduction to modern supply chain management for every manager, professional, and student." -Oliver Yao, Associate Professor, Lehigh UniversityTable of ContentsPart I: Supply Chain and Logistics Management: Overview 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 3 Supply Chain Defined 4 SCOR Model 5 An Integrated, Value-Added Supply Chain 7 The Value Chain 7 Leveraging the Supply Chain 8 Supply Chain Strategy for a Competitive Advantage 9 Segmenting the Supply Chain 10 The Global Supply Chain and Technology 11 Chapter 2: Understanding the Supply Chain 13 Historical Perspective 13 Value as a Utility 14 Organizational and Supply Chain Strategy 15 Mission Statement 15 SWOT Analysis 16 Strategic Choices 17 Supply Chain Strategy Elements and Drivers 17 Supply Chain Strategy Methodology 19 Supply Chain Opportunities and Challenges 23 Supply Chain Talent Pipeline 26 Career Opportunities in Supply Chain and Logistics Management 27 Growing Demand 27 Part II: Planning for the Supply Chain 31 Chapter 3: Demand Planning 33 Forecasting Used to Be Strictly Like “Driving Ahead, Looking in the Rearview Mirror” 34 Forecasting Realities 35 Types of Forecasts 36 Demand Drivers 36 Forecasting Process Steps 37 Quantitative Versus Qualitative Models 38 Qualitative Models 38 Quantitative Models 39 Product Lifecycles and Forecasting 40 Introduction 41 Growth 41 Maturity 41 Decline 41 Time Series Components 42 Time Series Models 43 Associative Models 44 Correlation 45 Seasonality 45 Multiple Regression 46 Forecasting Metrics 46 Forecast Error Measurement 47 Demand Forecasting Technology and Best Practices 48 Chapter 4: Inventory Planning and Control 51 Independent Versus Dependent Demand Inventory 51 Types of Inventory 53 Costs of Inventory 53 Carrying or Holding Costs 54 Ordering Costs 54 Setup Costs 54 Total Cost Minimized 55 Economic Order Quantity Model 56 Basic EOQ Calculation 57 Reorder Point (ROP) Models 57 Fixed-Quantity Model 57 Fixed-Period Model 60 Single-Period Model 61 ABC Method of Inventory Planning and Control 61 Realities of ABC Classification 62 Other Uses for ABC Classification 63 Inventory Control and Accuracy 63 Cycle Counting 63 Key Metrics 64 Inventory Planning and Control Technology 65 Software 65 Hardware 67 Careers 67 Chapter 5: Aggregate Planning and Scheduling 69 The Process Decision 70 Goods and Service Processes 70 Planning and Scheduling Process Overview 72 Aggregate Planning 74 S&OP Process 74 Demand and Supply Options 76 Aggregate Planning Strategies 78 Master Production Schedule 78 Production Strategies 79 System Nervousness 80 Material Requirements Planning 80 Bill of Materials 80 MRP Mechanics 81 Short-Term Scheduling 83 Types of Scheduling 84 Sequencing 84 Finite Capacity Scheduling 85 Service Scheduling 85 Technology 86 Part III: Supply Chain Operations 87 Chapter 6: Procurement in the Supply Chain 89 Make or Buy 90 Outsourcing 90 Other Supply Chain Strategies 91 The Procurement Process 93 Identify and Review Requirements 93 Establish Specifications 94 Identify and Select Suppliers 95 Determine the Right Price 97 Issue Purchase Orders 98 Follow Up to Ensure Correct Delivery 99 Receive and Accept Goods 100 Approve Invoice for Payment 100 Key Metrics 100 Technology 101 Chapter 7: Transportation Systems 103 Brief History of Transportation Systems in America 103 Transportation Cost Structure and Modes 105 Transportation Costs 105 Modes 105 Legal Types of Carriage 110 For Hire 110 Private 110 Transportation Economics 111 Transportation Cost Factors and Elements 111 Rates Charged 114 Effects of Deregulation on Pricing 115 Pricing Specifics 115 Documents 116 Domestic Transportation Documents 116 International Transportation Documents 119 Key Metrics 122 Technology 122 Chapter 8: Warehouse Management and Operations 125 Brief History of Warehousing in America 126 Economic Needs for Warehousing 126 Types of Warehouses 127 Warehouses by Customer Classification 127 Warehouses by Role in the Supply Chain 128 Warehouses by Ownership Type 129 Warehouse Economic Benefits 131 Consolidation 132 Accumulation, Mixing, and Sorting 133 Postponement 134 Allocation 134 Market Presence 135 Warehouse Design and Layout 135 Size of Facility 135 Facility Layout 137 Warehouse Operations 140 Packaging 141 Key Metrics 142 Customer-Facing Metrics 142 Technology 143 Warehouse Management Systems 143 Yard Management Systems 145 Chapter 9: Order Management and Customer Relationship Management. .147 Order Management 148 Order Placement 148 Order Processing 148 Order Preparation and Loading 149 Order Delivery 150 Customer Relationship Management 150 Customer Service 150 Customer Relationship Management 154 Technology 155 Chapter 10: Reverse Logistics and Sustainability 157 Reverse Logistics Activities 157 Repairs and Refurbishing 158 Refilling 159 Recall 159 Remanufacturing 159 Recycling and Waste Disposal 160 Returns Vary by Industry 160 Publishing Industry 160 Computer Industry 160 Automotive Industry 160 Retail Industry 161 Reverse Logistic Costs 161 Reverse Logistics Process 161 Receive 161 Sort and Stage 161 Process 162 Analyze 162 Support 162 Reverse Logistics as a Strategy 162 Using Reverse Logistics to Positively Impact Revenue 162 Other Strategic Uses of Reverse Logistics 163 Reverse Logistics System Design 164 Product Location 164 Product Collection System 164 Recycling or Disposal Centers 165 Documentation System 165 Reverse Logistics Challenges 165 Retailer-Manufacturer Conflict 165 Problem Returns and Their Symptoms 166 Cause and Effect 166 Reactive Response 166 Managing Reverse Logistics 166 Gatekeeping 167 Compacting the Distribution Cycle Time 168 Reverse Logistics Information Technology Systems 168 Centralized Return Centers 168 Zero Returns 169 Remanufacture and Refurbishment 169 Asset Recovery 170 Negotiation 170 Financial Management 170 Outsourcing 170 Reverse Logistics and the Environment 170 Supply Chain Sustainability 171 Green Logistics 171 Chapter 11: Global Supply Chain Operations and Risk Management 173 Growth of Globalization 173 Factors Influencing Globalization 174 Reasons for a Company to Globalize 174 Global Supply Chain Strategy Development 175 International Transportation Methods 177 Ocean 177 Air 177 Motor 178 Rail 178 Global Intermediaries 178 Global Supply Chain Risks and Challenges 178 Questions to Consider When Going Global 179 Key Global Supply Chain Challenges 180 Risk Management 181 Potential Risk Identification and Impact 181 Sources of Risk 182 Supply Chain Disruptions 183 Risk Mitigation 184 Part IV: Supply Chain Integration and Collaboration 187 Chapter 12: Supply Chain Partners 189 Outsourcing 189 Reasons to Outsource 190 Steps in the Outsourcing Process 191 Supply Chain and Logistics Outsourcing Partners 192 Traditional Service Providers 192 Third-Party Logistics Providers 193 Fourth-Party Logistics Service Providers 196 Chapter 13: Supply Chain Integration Through Collaborative Systems 199 Internal and External Integration 200 Internal Integration 200 External Integration 201 Supply Chain Collaboration Methods: A Closer Look 206 Quick Response 206 Efficient Consumer Response 207 Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment 208 Chapter 14: Supply Chain Technology 211 Supply Chain Information 211 Supply Chain Information Needs 213 Supply Chain Software Market 214 Supply Chain Planning 215 Supply Chain Execution 215 Other Supply Chain Technologies 216 SCM System Costs and Options 217 Best-in-Class Versus Single Integrated Solution 217 Consultants 218 Current and Future Trends in Supply Chain Software 218 Short-Term Supply Chain Technology Trends 218 Emerging Supply Chain Technology Trends 219 Part V: Supply Chain and Logistics Network Design 223 Chapter 15: Facility Location Decision 225 The Importance of Facility Location When Designing a Supply Chain 225 Supply Chain Network Design Influencers 226 Types of Distribution Networks 228 Manufacturer Storage with Direct Shipping 228 Manufacturer Storage with Direct Shipping and In-Transit Merge 229 Distributor Storage with Carrier Delivery 230 Distributor Storage with Last-Mile Delivery 232 Manufacturer or Distributor Storage with Customer Pickup 233 Retailer Storage with Customer Pickup 234 Impact of E-Business on the Distribution Network 235 Location Decisions 237 Strategic Considerations 237 Location Decision Hierarchy 238 Dominant Factors in Manufacturing 240 Dominant Factors in Services 240 Location Techniques 240 Location Cost-Volume Analysis 240 Weighted Factor Rating Method 242 Center of Gravity Method 243 The Transportation Problem Model 245 Technology 246 Careers 246 Chapter 16: Facility Layout Decision 249 Types of Layouts 249 Product Layouts 250 Process Layouts 250 Hybrid Layouts 253 Cellular (or Work Cell) Layouts 253 Fixed-Position Layout 255 Facility Design in Service Organizations 255 Designing and Improving Product Layouts 256 Assembly Line Design and Balancing 256 Work Cell Staffing and Balancing 258 Warehouse Design and Layout Principles 260 Design and Layout Process 260 Technology 261 Careers 262 Part VI: Supply Chain and Logistics Measurement, Control, and Improvement 263 Chapter 17: Metrics and Measures 265 Measurement and Control Methods 265 The Evolution of Metrics 266 Data Analytics 266 Measurement Methods 267 Measurement Categories 267 Balanced Scorecard Approach 268 Customer Service Metrics 269 Operational Metrics 269 Financial Metrics 270 SCOR Model 270 Supply Chain Dashboard and KPIs 273 Indicators 274 Benchmarking 274 Chapter 18: Lean and Agile Supply Chain and Logistics 277 Lean and Waste 277 History of Lean 278 Value-Added Versus Non-Value-Added Activities 279 Waste 280 Lean Culture and Teamwork 281 Lean Teams 282 Kaizen and Teams 283 Team and Kaizen Objectives 283 Value Stream Mapping 283 VSM Benefits 286 Lean Tools 286 Standardized Work 288 5S-Workplace Organization System 288 Visual Controls 289 Facility Layout 289 Batch Size Reduction and Quick Changeover 289 Quality at the Source 290 Point-of-Use Storage 291 Total Productive Maintenance 291 Pull/Kanban and Work Cells 291 Lean and Six Sigma 292 Chapter 19: Outlook for Supply Chain and Logistics Management 293 Supply Chain and Logistics Career Outlook 293 Trends in Supply Chain and Logistics Management 294 Supply Chain Trends 294 Logistics Trends 295 Supply Chain Leadership Trends 296 Supply Chain Technology Trends 297 Conclusion 299 References 301 Index 305

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Book SynopsisDescribes the process of erecting the great cathedrals in the Gothic era. This text explains the building equipment and falsework needed, the actual operations undertaken, and the sequence of these operations as far as they can be deduced from manuscript illuminations and pictorial representations.

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Book Synopsis******Recently Published!******Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7th edition continues its lengthy, successful tradition of being one of McGraw-Hill's oldest texts in the Chemical Engineering Series. Since 1956, this text has been the most comprehensive of the introductory, undergraduate, chemical engineering titles available. Separate chapters are devoted to each of the principle unit operations, grouped into four sections: fluid mechanics, heat transfer, mass transfer and equilibrium stages, and operations involving particulate solids.Now in its seventh edition, the text still contains its balanced treatment of theory and engineering practice, with many practical, illustrative examples included. Almost 30% of the problems have been revised or are new, some of which cover modern topics such as food processing and biotechnology. Other unique topics of this text include diafiltration, adsorption and membrane operations.Table of ContentsSection 1 Introduction1 Definitions and PrinciplesSection 2 Fluid Mechanics2 Fluid Statics and Its Applications3 Fluid Flow Phenomena4 Basic Equations of Fluid Flow5 Incompressible Flow in Pipes and Channels6 Flow of Compressible Fluids7 Flow past Immersed Objects8 Transportation and Metering of Fluids9 Agitation and Mixing of LiquidsSection 3 Heat Transfer and Its Applications10 Heat Transfer by Conduction11 Principles of Heat Flow in Fluids12 Heat Transfer to Fluids without Phase Change13 Heat Transfer to Fluids with Phase Change14 Radiation Heat Transfer15 Heat-Exchange Equipment16 EvaporationSection 4 Mass Transfer and Its Applications17 Principles of Diffusion and Mass Transfer between Phases18 Gas Absorption19 Humidification Operations20 Equilibrium-Stage Operations21 Distillation22 Introduction to Multicomponent Distillation23 Leaching and Extraction24 Drying of Solids25 Fixed-Bed Separatons26 Membrane Separation Processes27 CrystallizationSection 5 Operations Involving Particulate Solids28 Properties and Handling of Particulate Solids29 Mechanical SeparationsAppendix 1 Conversion Factors and Constants of NatureAppendix 2 Dimensionless GroupsAppendix 3 Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel PipeAppendix 4 Condenser and Heat-Exchanger Tube DataAppendix 5 Tyler Standard Screen ScaleAppendix 6 Properties of Liquid WaterAppendix 7 Properties of Saturated Steam and WaterAppendix 8 Viscosities of GasesAppendix 9 Viscosities of LiquidsAppendix 10 Thermal Conductivities of MetalsAppendix 11 Thermal Conductivities of Various Solids and Insulating MaterialsAppendix 12 Thermal Conductivities of Gases and VaporsAppendix 13 Thermal Conductivities of Liquids Other Than WaterAppendix 14 Specific Heats of GasesAppendix 15 Specific Heats of LiquidsAppendix 16 Prandtl Numbers for Gases at 1 atm and 100CAppendix 17 Prandtl Numbers for LiquidsAppendix 18 Diffusivities and Schmidt Numbers for Gases in Air at 0c and 1 atmAppendix 19 Collision Integral and Lennard-Jones Force Constants

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Book SynopsisYour ticket to excelling in mechanics of materials With roots in physics and mathematics, engineering mechanics is the basis of all the mechanical sciences: civil engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Setting the Stage for Mechanics of Materials 7 Chapter 1: Predicting Behavior with Mechanics of Materials 9 Chapter 2: Reviewing Mathematics and Units Used in Mechanics of Materials 15 Chapter 3: Brushing Up on Statics Basics 25 Chapter 4: Calculating Properties of Geometric Areas 41 Chapter 5: Computing Moments of Area and Other Inertia Calculations 55 Part II: Analyzing Stress 83 Chapter 6: Remain Calm, It’s Only Stress! 85 Chapter 7: More than Meets the Eye: Transforming Stresses 99 Chapter 8: Lining Up Stress Along Axial Axes 131 Chapter 9: Bending Stress Is Only Normal: Analyzing Bending Members 149 Chapter 10: Shear Madness: Surveying Shear Stress 161 Chapter 11: Twisting the Night Away with Torsion 177 Part III: Investigating Strain 189 Chapter 12: Don’t Strain Yourself: Exploring Strain and Deformation 191 Chapter 13: Applying Transformation Concepts to Strain 201 Chapter 14: Correlating Stresses and Strains to Understand Deformation 215 Part IV: Applying Stress and Strain 233 Chapter 15: Calculating Combined Stresses 235 Chapter 16: When Push Comes to Shove: Dealing with Deformations 251 Chapter 17: Showing Determination When Dealing with Indeterminate Structures 273 Chapter 18: Buckling Up for Compression Members 301 Chapter 19: Designing for Required Section Properties 313 Chapter 20: Introducing Energy Methods 331 Part V: The Part of Tens 343 Chapter 21: Ten Mechanics of Materials Pitfalls to Avoid 345 Chapter 22: Ten Tips to Solving Mechanics of Materials Problems 349 Index 355

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Book SynopsisPWM DC-DC power converter technology underpins many energy conversion systems including renewable energy circuits, active power factor correctors, battery chargers, portable devices and LED drivers. Following the success of Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters this second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded to cover the latest challenges and advances in the field. Key features of 2nd edition: Four new chapters, detailing the latest advances in power conversion, focus on: small-signal model and dynamic characteristics of the buck converter in continuous conduction mode; voltage-mode control of buck converter; small-signal model and characteristics of the boost converter in the discontinuous conduction mode and electromagnetic compatibility EMC. Provides readers with a solid understanding of the principles of operation, synthesis, analysis and design of PWM power converters and semiconductor power devices, includinTable of ContentsAbout the Author xxi Preface xxiii Nomenclature xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Classification of Power Supplies 1 1.2 Basic Functions of Voltage Regulators 3 1.3 Power Relationships in DC–DC Converters 4 1.4 DC Transfer Functions of DC–DC Converters 5 1.5 Static Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators 6 1.6 Dynamic Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators 9 1.7 Linear Voltage Regulators 12 1.7.1 Series Voltage Regulator 13 1.7.2 Shunt Voltage Regulator 14 1.8 Topologies of PWM DC–DC Converters 16 1.9 Relationships Among Current, Voltage, Energy, and Power 18 1.10 Summary 19 References 19 Review Questions 20 Problems 21 2 Buck PWM DC–DC Converter 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for CCM 22 2.2.1 Circuit Description 22 2.2.2 Assumptions 25 2.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 25 2.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 26 2.2.5 Device Stresses for CCM 27 2.2.6 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 27 2.2.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 29 2.2.8 Capacitors 31 2.2.9 Ripple Voltage in Buck Converter for CCM 33 2.2.10 Switching Losses with Linear MOSFET Output Capacitance 39 2.2.11 Switching Losses with Nonlinear MOSFET Output Capacitance 40 2.2.12 Power Losses and Efficiency of Buck Converter for CCM 43 2.2.13 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 48 2.2.14 MOSFET Gate-Drive Power 48 2.2.15 Gate Driver 49 2.2.16 Design of Buck Converter for CCM 50 2.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for DCM 52 2.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 56 2.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 58 2.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 58 2.3.4 Device Stresses for DCM 59 2.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 59 2.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 62 2.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Buck Converter for DCM 63 2.3.8 Design of Buck Converter for DCM 65 2.4 Buck Converter with Input Filter 68 2.5 Buck Converter with Synchronous Rectifier 68 2.6 Buck Converter with Positive Common Rail 76 2.7 Quadratic Buck Converter 76 2.8 Tapped-Inductor Buck Converters 79 2.8.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Buck Converter 79 2.8.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Transistor Buck Converter 81 2.8.3 Watkins–Johnson Converter 82 2.9 Multiphase Buck Converter 83 2.10 Switched-Inductor Buck Converter 85 2.11 Layout 85 2.12 Summary 85 References 87 Review Questions 88 Problems 88 3 Boost PWM DC–DC Converter 90 3.1 Introduction 90 3.2 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for CCM 90 3.2.1 Circuit Description 90 3.2.2 Assumptions 91 3.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 93 3.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 94 3.2.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 94 3.2.6 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 95 3.2.7 Ripple Voltage in Boost Converter for CCM 98 3.2.8 Power Losses and Efficiency of Boost Converter for CCM 100 3.2.9 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Boost Converter for CCM 102 3.2.10 Design of Boost Converter for CCM 103 3.3 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for DCM 107 3.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 110 3.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 111 3.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 112 3.3.4 Device Stresses for DCM 112 3.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 112 3.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 117 3.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Boost Converter for DCM 117 3.3.8 Design of Boost Converter for DCM 120 3.4 Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters 127 3.5 Synchronous Boost Converter 129 3.6 Tapped-Inductor Boost Converters 129 3.6.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Boost Converter 131 3.6.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Load Boost Converter 132 3.7 Duality 133 3.8 Power Factor Correction 134 3.8.1 Power Factor 134 3.8.2 Boost Power Factor Corrector 138 3.8.3 Electronic Ballasts for Fluorescent Lamps 141 3.9 Summary 141 References 142 Review Questions 143 Problems 143 4 Buck–Boost PWM DC–DC Converter 145 4.1 Introduction 145 4.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 145 4.2.1 Circuit Description 145 4.2.2 Assumptions 146 4.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 146 4.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 148 4.2.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 149 4.2.6 Device Stresses for CCM 150 4.2.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 151 4.2.8 Ripple Voltage in Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 152 4.2.9 Power Losses and Efficiency of the Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 155 4.2.10 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 158 4.2.11 Design of Buck–Boost Converter for CCM 159 4.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 162 4.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 165 4.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 166 4.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 167 4.3.4 Device Stresses of the Buck–Boost Converter in DCM 167 4.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function of the Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 167 4.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 170 4.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of the Buck–Boost Converter in DCM 172 4.3.8 Design of Buck–Boost Converter for DCM 174 4.4 Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter 180 4.5 Synthesis of Buck–Boost Converter 181 4.6 Synthesis of Boost–Buck (ćuk) Converter 183 4.7 Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.7.1 Cascaded Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.7.2 Four-Transistor Noninverting Buck–Boost Converters 184 4.8 Tapped-Inductor Buck–Boost Converters 186 4.8.1 Tapped-Inductor Common-Diode Buck–Boost Converter 186 4.8.2 Tapped-Inductor Common-Transistor Buck–Boost Converter 187 4.8.3 Tapped-Inductor Common-Load Buck–Boost Converter 188 4.8.4 Tapped-Inductor Common-Source Buck–Boost Converter 191 4.9 Summary 192 References 192 Review Questions 193 Problems 193 5 Flyback PWM DC–DC Converter 195 5.1 Introduction 195 5.2 Transformers 196 5.3 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for CCM 197 5.3.1 Derivation of PWM Flyback Converter 197 5.3.2 Circuit Description 197 5.3.3 Assumptions 199 5.3.4 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 200 5.3.5 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T 201 5.3.6 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 203 5.3.7 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 204 5.3.8 Ripple Voltage in Flyback Converter for CCM 205 5.3.9 Power Losses and Efficiency of Flyback Converter for CCM 207 5.3.10 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 210 5.3.11 Design of Flyback Converter for CCM 211 5.4 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for DCM 214 5.4.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 217 5.4.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 219 5.4.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 220 5.4.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 221 5.4.5 Maximum Magnetizing Inductance for DCM 222 5.4.6 Ripple Voltage in Flyback Converter for DCM 225 5.4.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Flyback Converter for DCM 226 5.4.8 Design of Flyback Converter for DCM 228 5.5 Multiple-Output Flyback Converter 232 5.6 Bidirectional Flyback Converter 237 5.7 Ringing in Flyback Converter 237 5.8 Flyback Converter with Passive Dissipative Snubber 240 5.9 Flyback Converter with Zener Diode Voltage Clamp 240 5.10 Flyback Converter with Active Clamping 241 5.11 Two-Transistor Flyback Converter 241 5.12 Summary 243 References 244 Review Questions 244 Problems 245 6 Forward PWM DC–DC Converter 246 6.1 Introduction 246 6.2 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for CCM 246 6.2.1 Derivation of Forward PWM Converter 246 6.2.2 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 248 6.2.3 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ DT + tm 251 6.2.4 Time Interval: DT + tm < t ≤ T 253 6.2.5 Maximum Duty Cycle 253 6.2.6 Device Stresses 254 6.2.7 DC Voltage Transfer Function for CCM 255 6.2.8 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 255 6.2.9 Ripple Voltage in Forward Converter for CCM 256 6.2.10 Power Losses and Efficiency of Forward Converter for CCM 258 6.2.11 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 261 6.2.12 Design of Forward Converter for CCM 262 6.3 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for DCM 269 6.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 269 6.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ DT + tm 272 6.3.3 Time Interval: DT + tm < t ≤ (D + D1)T 273 6.3.4 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T 273 6.3.5 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 274 6.3.6 Maximum Inductance for DCM 277 6.3.7 Power Losses and Efficiency of Forward Converter for DCM 278 6.3.8 Design of Forward Converter for DCM 280 6.4 Multiple-Output Forward Converter 288 6.5 Forward Converter with Synchronous Rectifier 288 6.6 Forward Converters with Active Clamping 288 6.7 Two-Switch Forward Converter 290 6.8 Forward–Flyback Converter 291 6.9 Summary 292 References 293 Review Questions 293 Problems 294 7 Half-Bridge PWM DC–DC Converter 296 7.1 Introduction 296 7.2 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 296 7.2.1 Circuit Description 296 7.2.2 Assumptions 299 7.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 299 7.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T∕2 301 7.2.5 Time Interval: T∕2 < t ≤ T∕2 + DT 303 7.2.6 Time Interval: T∕2 + DT < t ≤ T 304 7.2.7 Device Stresses 304 7.2.8 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 304 7.2.9 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 305 7.2.10 Ripple Voltage in Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 306 7.2.11 Power Losses and Efficiency of Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 308 7.2.12 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 311 7.2.13 Design of Half-Bridge Converter for CCM 312 7.3 DC Analysis of PWM Half-Bridge Converter for DCM 315 7.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 315 7.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 320 7.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T∕2 322 7.3.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 322 7.3.5 Maximum Inductance for DCM 326 7.4 Summary 326 References 327 Review Questions 327 Problems 328 8 Full-Bridge PWM DC–DC Converter 330 8.1 Introduction 330 8.2 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 330 8.2.1 Circuit Description 330 8.2.2 Assumptions 332 8.2.3 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 332 8.2.4 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ T∕2 334 8.2.5 Time Interval: T∕2 < t ≤ T∕2 + DT 336 8.2.6 Time Interval: T∕2 + DT < t ≤ T 336 8.2.7 Device Stresses 337 8.2.8 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Full-Wave Converter for CCM 337 8.2.9 Boundary Between CCM and DCM 338 8.2.10 Ripple Voltage in Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 339 8.2.11 Power Losses and Efficiency of Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 340 8.2.12 DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Converter for CCM 344 8.2.13 Design of Full-Bridge Converter for CCM 345 8.3 DC Analysis of PWM Full-Bridge Converter for DCM 351 8.3.1 Time Interval: 0 < t ≤ DT 351 8.3.2 Time Interval: DT < t ≤ (D + D1)T 353 8.3.3 Time Interval: (D + D1)T < t ≤ T∕2 355 8.3.4 DC Voltage Transfer Function for DCM 356 8.3.5 Maximum Inductance for DCM 359 8.4 Phase-Controlled Full-Bridge Converter 361 8.5 Summary 362 References 362 Review Questions 362 Problems 363 9 Small-Signal Models of PWM Converters for CCM and DCM 365 9.1 Introduction 365 9.2 Assumptions 366 9.3 Averaged Model of Ideal Switching Network for CCM 366 9.4 Averaged Values of Switched Resistances 369 9.5 Model Reduction 375 9.6 Large-Signal Averaged Model for CCM 377 9.7 DC and Small-Signal Circuit Linear Models of Switching Network for CCM 381 9.7.1 Large-Signal Circuit Model of Switching Network for CCM 381 9.7.2 Linearization of Switching Network Model for CCM 384 9.8 Block Diagram of Small-signal Model of PWM DC–DC Converters 385 9.9 Family of PWM Converter Models for CCM 386 9.10 PWM Small-Signal Switch Model for CCM 389 9.11 Modeling of Ideal Switching Network for DCM 391 9.11.1 Relationships Among DC Components for DCM 391 9.11.2 Small-Signal Model of Ideal Switching Network for DCM 395 9.12 Averaged Parasitic Resistances for DCM 398 9.13 Summary 400 References 402 Review Questions 405 Problems 405 10 Small-Signal Characteristics of Buck Converter for CCM 407 10.1 Introduction 407 10.2 Small-Signal Model of the PWM Buck Converter 407 10.3 Open-Loop Transfer Functions 408 10.3.1 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 409 10.3.2 Delay in Control-to-Output Transfer Function 416 10.3.3 Open-Loop Input-to-Output Transfer Function 418 10.3.4 Open-Loop Input Impedance 420 10.3.5 Open-Loop Output Impedance 423 10.4 Open-Loop Step Responses 426 10.4.1 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 426 10.4.2 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 431 10.4.3 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 433 10.5 Open-Loop DC Transfer Functions 434 10.6 Summary 436 References 436 Review Questions 437 Problems 438 11 Small-Signal Characteristics of Boost Converter for CCM 439 11.1 Introduction 439 11.2 DC Characteristics 439 11.3 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 440 11.4 Delay in Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 449 11.5 Open-Loop Audio Susceptibility 451 11.6 Open-Loop Input Impedance 455 11.7 Open-Loop Output Impedance 457 11.8 Open-Loop Step Responses 461 11.8.1 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 461 11.8.2 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 464 11.8.3 Open-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 465 11.9 Summary 467 References 467 Review Questions 468 Problems 468 12 Voltage-Mode Control of PWM Buck Converter 470 12.1 Introduction 470 12.2 Properties of Negative Feedback 471 12.3 Stability 474 12.4 Single-Loop Control of PWM Buck Converter 475 12.5 Closed-Loop Small-Signal Model of Buck Converter 478 12.6 Pulse-Width Modulator 478 12.7 Feedback Network 483 12.8 Transfer Function of Buck Converter with Modulator and Feedback Network 486 12.9 Control Circuits 489 12.9.1 Error Amplifier 489 12.9.2 Proportional Controller 490 12.9.3 Integral Controller 492 12.9.4 Proportional-Integral Controller 493 12.9.5 Integral-Single-Lead Controller 497 12.9.6 Loop Gain 504 12.9.7 Closed-Loop Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 504 12.9.8 Closed-Loop Input-to-Output Transfer Function 506 12.9.9 Closed-Loop Input Impedance 508 12.9.10 Closed-Loop Output Impedance 509 12.10 Closed-Loop Step Responses 511 12.10.1 Response to Step Change in Input Voltage 511 12.10.2 Response to Step Change in Reference Voltage 513 12.10.3 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Load Current 515 12.10.4 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 515 12.11 Summary 518 References 519 Review Questions 519 Problems 520 13 Voltage-Mode Control of Boost Converter 521 13.1 Introduction 521 13.2 Circuit of Boost Converter with Voltage-Mode Control 521 13.3 Transfer Function of Modulator, Boost Converter Power Stage, and Feedback Network 523 13.4 Integral-Double-Lead Controller 527 13.5 Design of Integral-Double-Lead Controller 532 13.6 Loop Gain 536 13.7 Closed-Loop Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 537 13.8 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility 539 13.9 Closed-Loop Input Impedance 539 13.10 Closed-Loop Output Impedance 542 13.11 Closed-Loop Step Responses 544 13.11.1 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Input Voltage 544 13.11.2 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Reference Voltage 547 13.11.3 Closed-Loop Response to Step Change in Load Current 548 13.12 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 549 13.13 Summary 552 References 552 Review Questions 552 Problems 553 14 Current-Mode Control 554 14.1 Introduction 554 14.2 Principle of Operation of PWM Converters with Peak CMC 555 14.3 Relationship Between Duty Cycle and Inductor-Current Slopes 559 14.4 Instability of Closed-Current Loop 560 14.5 Slope Compensation 564 14.5.1 Analysis of Slope Compensation in Time Domain 564 14.5.2 Boundary of Slope Compensation for Buck and Buck–Boost Converters 569 14.5.3 Boundary Slope Compensation for Boost Converter 570 14.6 Sample-and-Hold Effect on Current Loop 570 14.6.1 Natural Response of Inductor Current to Small Perturbation in Closed-Current Loop 572 14.6.2 Forced Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Control Voltage in Closed-Current Loop 575 14.6.3 Relationship Between s-Domain and z-Domain 577 14.6.4 Transfer Function of Closed-Current Loop in z-Domain 578 14.7 Closed-Loop Control Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function in s-Domain 580 14.7.1 Approximation of Hicl by Rational Transfer Function 582 14.7.2 Step Responses of Closed-Inner Loop 588 14.8 Loop Gain of Current Loop 588 14.8.1 Loop Gain of Inner Loop in z-Domain 588 14.8.2 Loop Gain of Inner Loop in s-Domain 590 14.9 Gain-Crossover Frequency of Inner Loop 595 14.10 Phase Margin of Inner Loop 596 14.11 Maximum Duty Cycle for Converters without Slope Compensation 598 14.12 Maximum Duty Cycle for Converters with Slope Compensation 600 14.13 Minimum Slope Compensation for Buck and Buck–Boost Converter 605 14.14 Minimum Slope Compensation for Boost Converter 607 14.15 Error Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 610 14.16 Closed-Loop Control Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function of Current Loop 614 14.17 Alternative Representation of Current Loop 618 14.18 Current Loop with Disturbances 618 14.18.1 Modified Approximation of Current Loop 619 14.19 Voltage Loop of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 624 14.19.1 Control-to-Output Transfer Function for Buck Converter 624 14.19.2 Block Diagram of Power Stages of PWM Converters 627 14.19.3 Closed-Voltage Loop Transfer Function of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 628 14.19.4 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 628 14.19.5 Closed-Loop Output Impedance of PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control 630 14.20 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control without Slope Compensation 631 14.21 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current-Mode Control and Slope Compensation 634 14.22 Control-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function of Inner Loop with Feedforward Gains 636 14.23 Audio-Susceptibility of Inner Loop with Feedforward Gains 637 14.24 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions with Feedforward Gains 638 14.25 Slope Compensation by Adding a Ramp to Inductor Current Waveform 638 14.26 Relationships for Constant-Frequency Current-Mode On-Time Control 639 14.27 Summary 639 References 640 Review Questions 644 Problems 644 14.28 Appendix: Sample-and-Hold Modeling 645 14.28.1 Sampler of the Control Voltage 645 14.28.2 Zero-Order Hold of Inductor Current 648 14.28.3 Approximations of esTs 650 15 Current-Mode Control of Boost Converter 653 15.1 Introduction 653 15.2 Open-Loop Small-Signal Transfer Functions 653 15.2.1 Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 653 15.2.2 High-Frequency Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 659 15.2.3 Open-Loop Input Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 660 15.2.4 Open-Loop Inductor-to-Output Current Transfer Function 665 15.3 Open-Loop Step Responses of Inductor Current 667 15.3.1 Open-Loop Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Input Voltage 667 15.3.2 Open-Loop Response of the Inductor Current to Step Change in the Duty Cycle 670 15.3.3 Open-Loop Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Load Current 672 15.4 Closed-Current-Loop Transfer Functions 675 15.4.1 Forward Gain 675 15.4.2 Loop Gain of Current Loop 675 15.4.3 Closed-Loop Gain of Current Loop 675 15.4.4 Control-to-Output Transfer Function 677 15.4.5 Input Voltage-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 684 15.4.6 Load Current-to-Duty Cycle Transfer Function 688 15.4.7 Output Impedance of Closed-Current Loop 690 15.5 Closed-Voltage-Loop Transfer Functions 695 15.5.1 Control-to-Output Transfer Function 695 15.5.2 Control Voltage-to-Feedback Voltage Transfer Function 695 15.5.3 Loop Gain of Voltage Loop 697 15.5.4 Closed-Loop Gain of Voltage Loop 701 15.5.5 Closed-Loop Audio Susceptibility with Integral Controller 703 15.5.6 Closed-Loop Output Impedance with Integral Controller 704 15.6 Closed-Loop Step Responses 706 15.6.1 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 706 15.6.2 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 708 15.6.3 Closed-Loop Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Reference Voltage 708 15.7 Closed-Loop DC Transfer Functions 710 15.8 Summary 711 References 711 Review Questions 712 Problems 712 16 Open-Loop Small-Signal Characteristics of PWM Boost Converter for DCM 713 16.1 Introduction 713 16.2 Small-Signal Model of Boost Converter for DCM 713 16.3 Open-Loop Control-to-Output Transfer Function 716 16.4 Open-Loop Input-to-Output Voltage Transfer Function 719 16.5 Open-Loop Input Impedance 724 16.6 Open-Loop Output Impedance 725 16.7 Step Responses of Output Voltage of Boost Converter for DCM 728 16.7.1 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Input Voltage 728 16.7.2 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Duty Cycle 730 16.7.3 Response of Output Voltage to Step Change in Load Current 730 16.8 Open-Loop Duty Cycle-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 731 16.9 Open-Loop Input Voltage-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 735 16.10 Open-Loop Output Current-to-Inductor Current Transfer Function 735 16.11 Step Responses of Inductor Current of Boost Converter for DCM 738 16.11.1 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Input Voltage 738 16.11.2 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Duty Cycle 740 16.11.3 Step Response of Inductor Current to Step Change in Load Current 741 16.12 DC Characteristics of Boost Converter for DCM 742 16.12.1 DC-to-DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossless Boost Converter for DCM 742 16.12.2 DC-to-DC Voltage Transfer Function of Lossy Boost Converter for DCM 743 16.12.3 Efficiency of Boost Converter for DCM 745 16.13 Summary 745 References 745 Review Questions 746 Problems 746 17 Silicon and Silicon-Carbide Power Diodes 747 17.1 Introduction 747 17.2 Electronic Power Switches 747 17.3 Atom 748 17.4 Electron and Hole Effective Mass 749 17.5 Semiconductors 750 17.6 Intrinsic Semiconductors 751 17.7 Extrinsic Semiconductors 756 17.7.1 n-Type Semiconductor 756 17.7.2 p-Type Semiconductor 759 17.7.3 Maximum Operating Temperature 761 17.8 Wide Band Gap Semiconductors 762 17.9 Physical Structure of Junction Diodes 764 17.9.1 Formation of Depletion Layer 765 17.9.2 Charge Transport 767 17.10 Static I–V Diode Characteristic 768 17.11 Breakdown Voltage of Junction Diodes 772 17.11.1 Depletion-Layer Width 773 17.11.2 Electric Field Intensity Distribution 775 17.11.3 Avalanche Breakdown Voltage 779 17.11.4 Punch-Through Breakdown Voltage 781 17.11.5 Edge Terminations 782 17.12 Capacitances of Junction Diodes 784 17.12.1 Junction Capacitance 784 17.12.2 Diffusion Capacitance 787 17.13 Reverse Recovery of pn Junction Diodes 789 17.13.1 Qualitative Description 789 17.13.2 Reverse Recovery in Resistive Circuits 790 17.13.3 Charge-Continuity Equation 793 17.13.4 Reverse Recovery in Inductive Circuits 796 17.14 Schottky Diodes 798 17.14.1 Static I–V Characteristic of Schottky Diodes 801 17.14.2 Breakdown Voltages of Schottky Diodes 802 17.14.3 Junction Capacitance of Schottky Diodes 802 17.14.4 Switching Characteristics of Schottky Diodes 802 17.15 Solar Cells 806 17.16 Light-Emitting Diodes 809 17.17 SPICE Model of Diodes 810 17.18 Summary 811 References 815 Review Questions 816 Problems 817 18 Silicon and Silicon-Carbide Power MOSFETs 819 18.1 Introduction 819 18.2 Integrated MOSFETs 819 18.3 Physical Structure of Power MOSFETs 819 18.4 Principle of Operation of Power MOSFETs 824 18.4.1 Cutoff Region 824 18.4.2 Formation of MOSFET Channel 824 18.4.3 Linear Region 824 18.4.4 Saturation Region 825 18.4.5 Antiparallel Diode 825 18.5 Derivation of Power MOSFET Characteristics 826 18.5.1 Ohmic Region 826 18.5.2 Pinch-off Region 829 18.5.3 Channel-Length Modulation 830 18.6 Power MOSFET Characteristics 831 18.7 Mobility of Charge Carriers 833 18.7.1 Effect of Doping Concentration on Mobility 834 18.7.2 Effect of Temperature on Mobility 836 18.7.3 Effect of Electric Field on Mobility 840 18.8 Short-Channel Effects 846 18.8.1 Ohmic Region 846 18.8.2 Pinch-off Region 847 18.9 Aspect Ratio of Power MOSFETs 848 18.10 Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs 850 18.11 Gate Oxide Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs 852 18.12 Specific On-Resistance 852 18.13 Figures-of-Merit of Semiconductors 855 18.14 On-Resistance of Power MOSFETs 857 18.14.1 Channel Resistance 857 18.14.2 Accumulation Region Resistance 857 18.14.3 Neck Region Resistance 858 18.14.4 Drift Region Resistance 859 18.15 Capacitances of Power MOSFETs 862 18.15.1 Gate-to-Source Capacitance 862 18.15.2 Drain-to-Source Capacitance 864 18.15.3 Gate-to-Drain Capacitance 864 18.16 Switching Waveforms 875 18.17 SPICE Model of Power MOSFETs 877 18.18 IGBTs 879 18.19 Heat Sinks 880 18.20 Summary 886 References 888 Review Questions 888 Problems 889 19 Electromagnetic Compatibility 891 19.1 Introduction 891 19.2 Definition of EMI 891 19.3 Definition of EMC 892 19.4 EMI Immunity 892 19.5 EMI Susceptibility 893 19.6 Classification of EMI 893 19.7 Sources of EMI 895 19.8 Safety Standards 896 19.9 EMC Standards 896 19.10 Near Field and Far Field 897 19.11 Techniques of EMI Reduction 897 19.12 Insertion Loss 898 19.13 EMI Filters 898 19.14 Feed-Through Capacitors 900 19.15 EMI Shielding 900 19.16 Interconnections 902 19.17 Summary 903 References 903 Review Questions 903 Problem 904 A Introduction to SPICE 907 B Introduction to MATLAB® 910 C Physical Constants 915 Answers to Problems 917 Index 925

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