Neurosciences Books

Book SynopsisThis unique textbook explores core cognitive psychology topics from an innovative new perspective, focusing on key real-world issues to show how we understand and experience the world. The book examines compelling topics such as creativity, problem-solving, reasoning, rationality and language, all within the context of modern 21st century life. Each chapter demonstrates how this vibrant and constantly evolving discipline is at the heart of some of the biggest issues facing us all today. The last chapter discusses the future of cognitive psychology, which includes guidance on conducting rigorous, replicable research and how to use skills from cognitive psychology to be an effective student. Packed with pedagogical features, each chapter includes boxed examples of cognitive psychology in the real world and engaging âtry it yourselfâ features. Each chapter also includes objectives, a range of illustrative figures, chapter summaries, key readings and a glossary for ease of use. TTrade ReviewIn this impressive textbook the authors present a remarkably complete overview of the Cognitive Psychology field. The book nicely covers the field's historical roots and current debates. At the same time it also illustrates how cognitive psychology can help to address critical real-world challenges. Highly recommended for students and scholars interested in this wonderful discipline. - Wim De Neys, CNRS Research Director, LaPsyDE, Université Paris Cité, FranceOur fundamental understanding of how the mind works has grown exponentially over the past few decades, but what does basic research on perception, memory, attention, and reasoning tell us about human behaviour in the real world? How can it guide us as we confront such challenges as quantifying risks, coping with climate change and pandemics, and adapting to new technology? Cognitive Psychology in a Changing World makes a compelling and highly readable case that cognitive psychology provides an essential tool for understanding why people act as they do. - David Shanks, Professor and Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL, UKThis text, which deals with basic psychological research and the neuroscientific research that supports it, has the advantage of devoting wide space to practical implications for situations in daily life, thus motivating the reader to understand and learn, as cognitive psychology itself teaches. - Monica Bucciarelli, University of Torino, ItalyLinden Ball and colleagues have created a refreshingly unorthodox cognition text, approaching the discipline from a fresh perspective. Organising the material into three broad sections - shaping, understanding, and experiencing the changing world we inhabit - they reverse the typical order of topics, starting with the bigger picture, and to my mind this works well. The text is full of contemporary real-world examples to engage the reader, backed up with recent research evidence, as well as many ‘try it yourself’ activities. The authors also situate cognitive research within broader issues, such as the replication crisis, open science, and decolonisation. The final chapter is a stimulating discussion of issues and opportunities facing cognitive research in the third decade of the 21st century. - Philip Fine, Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Buckingham, UKTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Cognitive psychology in a changing world; Our world today; What is Cognitive Psychology? A brief history of Cognitive Psychology; A global discipline; Cognitive Psychology today; Shaping the world; Understanding the world; Experiencing the world; Final thoughts – Five ways in which Cognitive Psychology can make a difference 2. Problem solving Theoretical integration 3. Creativity and expertise 4. Deductive reasoning 5. Concepts & categories 6. Judgment & decision making 7. Reading 8. Speech & other language issues 9. Writing 9. Memory and forgetting 10. Everyday memory 11. Attention 12. Perception 13. The nature of consciousness 14. The future of cognitive psychology: Issues and opportunities

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Book SynopsisThis is at once a review and a summary of the tremendous advances that have been made in recent years on the effect of attention on visual perception. This broad-ranging volume will appeal to vision scientists as well as to those involved in using visual processes in computer animations, display design or the sensory systems of machines.Table of Contents1 Vision and Attention.- 1.1 What Is Attention?.- 1.1.1 Should “attention” be regarded as a discrete behaviour?.- 1.2 Selective Visual Attention.- 1.2.1 What is selected?.- 1.2.2 How is selection achieved? How much salience is due to the sensory input itself and how much to higher processes?.- 1.2.3 What is the connection between selection and attention?.- 1.2.4 Mechanisms of selective attention.- 1.3 Parsing Attention. Is Attention Central to the Act of Seeing or is it Merely a Servant Carrying its Master to the Right Place?.- 1.4 Directing Attention.- 1.5 Conclusions.- 2 Shifts of Attention and Saccades Are Very Similar. Are They Causally Linked?.- 2.1 Spatial Attributes of Attention.- 2.2 Coordinate Space of Focal Attention.- 2.3 Overt and Covert Orientation.- 2.4 Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Attentional Control.- 2.5 Shifting Attention.- 2.6 Coupling Between Saccadic Eye Movements and Attentional Shifts.- 2.7 Adaptive Control of Saccadic Eye Movements.- 2.8 Nature of the Error Signal.- 2.9 Are Shifts of Attention also Adaptable?.- 2.10 Might Attention Provide an Error Signal to Saccade-Gain Adaptation?.- 3 Contrast Gain, Area Summation and Temporal Tuning in Primate Visual Cortex.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Gain Control.- 3.3 Contrast-Gain Control.- 3.4 Beyond the Classical Receptive Field.- 3.5 Area Summation and Contrast.- 3.6 Temporal Tuning and Contrast.- 3.7 Temporal Tuning and Contrast in V1.- 3.8 Discussion.- 4 Global Processes in Form Vision and Their Relationship to Spatial Attention.- 4.1 Introduction to the Ventral Visual Pathway.- 4.2 Components of Intermediate Form Analysis.- 4.3 Changing Views of V4.- 4.4 Evidence for Global Orientation Pooling in Human Vision.- 4.5 Neural Model for Configurai Units.- 4.6 Configural Units and Receptive Field Size.- 4.7 Evidence Pointing to Configurai Units in V4 in the Human Brain.- 4.8 Application of V4 Model Units to Faces.- 4.9 Selective Attention.- 4.10 Summary and Overview.- 5 Visual Attention: The Active Vision Perspective.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Active Vision.- 5.3 Reading.- 5.4 Scenes and Objects.- 5.5 Search.- 5.6 Rethinking Covert Attention.- 5.7 Conclusion.- 6 Complexity, Vision, and Attention.- 6.1 What Is Computational Complexity?.- 6.1.1 Some basic definitions.- 6.1.2 Dealing with NP-completeness.- 6.1.3 Vision and NP-completeness.- 6.2 Can Perception Be Modeled Computationally?.- 6.3 Visual Search.- 6.3.1 Definition.- 6.3.2 Theory.- 6.3.3 Implications.- 6.4 Complexity Level Analysis of Vision.- 6.5 The Selective-Tuning Model of Visual Attention.- 6.6 Conclusions.- 7 Motion-Disparity Interaction and the Scaling of Stereoscopic Disparity.- 7.1 Cue Combination in Depth Perception.- 7.2 Depth Scaling.- 7.2.1 Failures of depth constancy with stereo.- 7.2.2 Distance scaling of size, shape, and depth.- 7.3 Stereomotion Interaction for Depth Scaling.- 7.3.1 Why combine stereo and motion?.- 7.3.2 Evidence with a single object.- 7.3.3 Two neighboring objects.- 7.3.4 Two objects and alternative computations.- 7.3.5 Two objects at unequal distances.- 7.4 Summary.- 8 Signal Detection and Attention in Systems Governed By Multiplicative Noise.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Signal Detection Theory for Ideal and Non-ideal Observers.- 8.2.1 Overview of ideal observer analysis.- 8.2.2 The concept of probability summation.- 8.2.3 Attentional summation in 2AFC experiments derives from the difference distribution.- 8.2.4 2AFC attentional summation with uncertainty within a fixed attention window.- 8.3 Distraction Theory.- 8.4 Effects of Multiplicative Noise.- 8.4.1 Multiplicative noise makes the psychometric function shallower.- 8.4.2 Dramatic probability summation with multiplicative noise.- 8.4.3 Suprabehavioral neural sensitivity and its implications for attentional selection.- 8.4.4 Fully multiplicative noise introduces psychometric saturation.- 9 Change Blindness: Implications for the Nature of Visual Attention.- 9.1 Visual Attention: Role in Scene Perception.- 9.1.1 Change blindness.- 9.1.2 Coherence theory.- 9.1.3 Virtual representation.- 9.2 Visual Attention: Mechanisms.- 9.2.1 Methodology.- 9.2.2 Experimental results: Capacity.- 9.2.3 Implications for attentional mechanisms.- 9.3 Concluding Remarks.- 10 The Role of Expectations in Change Detection and Attentional Capture.- 10.1 Change Blindness.- 10.1.1 The intentional approach.- 10.1.2 The incidental approach.- 10.1.3 Summary.- 10.2 Attentional Capture.- 10.2.1 The intentional approach.- 10.2.2 The incidental approach.- 10.2.3 Implications.- 10.3 Conclusions.- 11 Attention, Eye Movements, and Neurons: Linking Physiology and Behavior.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Attention and Saccades.- 11.3 Frontal Eye Field.- 11.4 Bottom-Up Influences on Visual Selection.- 11.5 Top-Down Influences on Visual Selection.- 11.6 Conclusions.- 12 Vision and Action in Virtual Environments: Modern Psychophysics in Spatial Cognition Research.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Biological Cybernetics.- 12.3 Enabling Technologies.- 12.4 Stimulus Control.- 12.5 Stimulus Relevance.- 12.6 Spatial Cognition in VEs.- 12.7 Concluding Remarks.- 13 Selective Feature-Based Attention Directed to a Pair of Lines: Psychophysical Evidence and a Psychophysical Model.- 13.1 Does the Visual System Contain Long-Distance Comparators with Orthogonal Orientation Difference and Mean-Orientation Labels?.- 13.2 Does the Visual System Contain Long Distance Comparators Whose Outputs Carry Orthogonal Mean-Location and Separation Labels?.- 13.3 Does the Visual System Contain Long-Distance Comparator Mechanisms Whose Outputs Carry Orthogonal Orientation Difference, Mean Orientation, Mean Location and Separation Labels?.- 13.4 How Do Discrimination Thresholds for Orientation Difference, Mean Orientation, Separation, and Relative Mean Location Vary as a Function of Contrast?.- 13.5 Attentional Implications and a Psychophysical Model.- 13.5.1 Long-distance comparators whose outputs signal orthogonally four stimulus attributes.- 13.5.2 Possible role of long-distance comparators in other psychophysical findings.- 13.5.3 Possible role of long-distance comparators in everyday vision.- 13.5.4 Attentional implications.- 14 Thoughts on Change Blindness.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Thoughts on Normal Viewing: Where and What.- 14.2.1 Comments on the central/marginal interest distinction.- 14.2.2 Locations, objects, or aspects?.- 14.2.3 Looking without seeing.- 14.3 The “Where” and “What” Components of Change Detection.- 14.3.1 Transients tell “where”.- 14.3.2 Memory tells “what”.- 14.3.3 A counterintuitive prediction for change blindness in normal viewing.- 14.4 Thoughts on Disruptions.- 14.4.1 Transients as masks and transients as distractors.- 14.4.2 Measuring diversion with the mudsplash experiment.- 14.4.3 The (critical?) number of diversions.- 14.4.4 Proximity of the transient.- 14.4,5 More questions on diversions.- 14.4.6 A transient pop-out tasks.- 14.4.7 Does local masking interfere with the “what” component?.- 14.4.8 Prediction for very slow changes.- 14.4.9 Estimating the “what” component of change detection using the masking rectangle experiment.- 14.5 Other Issues Concerning the Theory.- 14.5.1 A prediction for the moment of change detection.- 14.5.2 A prediction: seeing illusory appearances.- 14.5.3 A special role for layout?.- 14.5.4 Implicit knowledge of changes?.- 14.5.5 Other frameworks for explaining change blindness.- 14.5.6 Relation to early literature on partial report.- 14.6 Conclusion.- Author Index.

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewMagisterial—merging primatology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology and evolution…Makes an impressive argument that most distinctly human traits are established early in childhood and that the general chronology in which these traits appear can at least—and at last—be identified. -- David P. Barash * Wall Street Journal *How does human psychological growth run in the first seven years, in particular how does it instill ‘culture’ in us? Tomasello addresses this question…by comparing us to chimpanzees and bonobos. Most of all, how does the capacity for shared intentionality and self-regulation evolve in people? This is a very thoughtful and also important book. -- Tyler Cowen * Marginal Revolution *An empirically rich view of human uniqueness that is not only informed by developmental psychology but also by cross-cultural and comparative research. Becoming Human is a theory of human origins, but it is first and foremost an attempt to understand the constant unfolding of our nature. -- Ivan Gonzalez‐Cabrera * History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *No philosophical question is older than What are we, we humans? Michael Tomasello contributes a splendid, empirically based answer to this hoary debate in Becoming Human. -- Benjamin Gregg * International Dialogue *Theoretically daring, experimentally ingenious, and astonishingly generative, Becoming Human squarely tackles the abiding question of what makes us human. -- Susan Gelman, University of MichiganThis grand synthesis of three decades of collaborative research at the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig is a landmark in our understanding of human development. -- Paul Harris, Harvard UniversityBecoming Human is destined to become a classic. Anyone who is interested in cognitive science, child development, human evolution, or comparative psychology should read this book. It surely would have provoked a letter from Darwin—an intellectual ancestor, along with Vygotsky, of this scientific masterpiece. -- Andrew Meltzoff, University of WashingtonThis is a must-read from a thinker who has had a major hand in our current understanding of the genealogy of human uniqueness and character. -- Henry Wellman, University of Michigan

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Book SynopsisSocial media and the always-connected digital life really are undermining our relationships. Carl Marci shows that our phone and Facebook habits aren’t just distractions; they’re altering our brains, harming our ability to communicate intimately. Fortunately, there are ways out. More than a critic, Marci offers solutions for tech-life balance.Trade ReviewEye opening…[Marci] offers suggestions for better dealing with our digital age and the lure these devices have on our brains to affect our attention span, decision making, and the ability to build connections with others. -- Rhonda Lunemann * Technical Communication *Marci is the rare voice who can speak with authority as a psychiatrist, neuroscientist, and practicing consumer psychologist. His diagnosis of the American condition is clear—we are addicted to our digital lifestyles and consequently less connected to each other. I advise everyone who cares about their mental, physical, and financial well-being to read Marci’s lively book and follow his prescriptions for a healthy tech-life balance. -- Michael L. Platt, author of The Leader’s BrainA fascinating and comprehensive look at how technology, media, and information are affecting our brains and our behavior. Marci stresses the importance of the prefrontal cortex in managing our health and well-being, and he shows how our increasing use of and reliance on phones and social media have affected our attention spans, decision making, and ability to build connections with others. -- Elizabeth Johnson, Executive Director of the Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, University of PennsylvaniaExceptional. -- Saurabh Sharma * MoneyControl *

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Book SynopsisThere is increasing evidence that mental health problems such as schizophrenia, depression and anxiety are linked with poor nutrition. This is a book for mental health professionals, to enable them to use state of the art nutritional interventions alongside conventional therapies when treating their patients.Trade Review'Nutritional Psychiatry is a must-read for anyone interested in this important emerging field of mental health science. It provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and evidence on how diet and nutrition can influence mental health and well-being. Whether you are a mental health professional, a student, or a curious reader, I hope that you will find this book as informative, engaging, and inspiring as I did.' Allan Young, Director of the Centre for Affective Disorders at King's College London, UKTable of Contents1. Basic principles of nutrition Eileen Gibney; 2. Diet and the microbiome-gut-brain axis: Feeding your microbes for mental health benefit Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Elizabeth Schneider, Ger Clarke and John F. Cryan; 3. The Mediterranean diet and mental health Mary I. Butler and Sabrina Mörkl; 4. Psychobiotics and fermented foods Ted Dinan; 5. Diet interventions for anxiety and depression Heidi M. Staudacher, Scott Teasdale, Caitlin Cowan, Rachelle Opie, Tetyana Rocks and Felice N. Jacka; 6. Schizophrenia, Microbiota and Nutrition John R. Kelly; 7. Recognising the importance of nutrition for child and adolescent mental health Cohen Kadosh and Dr Nicola Johnstone; 8. Old age and nutrition Ivan Aprahamian, Andréia de Oliveira Pain and Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro; 9. Broad-spectrum micronutrients and mental health Julia J. Rucklidge, Jeanette M. Johnstone, Amelia Villagomez, Noshene Ranjbar and Bonnie J. Kaplan; 10. Epigenetics Lynda Sedley.

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Book SynopsisPython for Experimental Psychologists equips researchers who have no prior programming experience with the essential knowledge to independently script experiments and analyses in the programming language Python. This book offers an excellent introduction, whether you are an undergraduate, a PhD candidate, or an established researcher.This updated edition is on Python 3 (the most current version). It starts by teaching the fundamentals of programming in Python and then offers several chapters on scripting experiments (displaying stimuli, obtaining and logging user input, precision timing, etc.) using the popular PsychoPy package. The remainder of the book is dedicated to data analysis and includes chapters on reading/writing to text files, time series, eye tracking, data visualisation, and statistics.Access to online support material enriches the learning experience with colour figures, example stimuli, datasets, scripts, and a portable Windows installation of Py

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Book SynopsisBringing together neuroscientists, social scientists, and humanities scholars in cross-disciplinary exploration of the topic of cultural memory, this collection moves from seminal discussions of the latest findings in neuroscience to variegated, specific case studies of social practices and artistic expressions. This volume highlights what can be gained from drawing on broad interdisciplinary contexts in pursuing scholarly projects involving cultural memory and associated topics.The collection argues that contemporary evolutionary science, in conjunction with studies interconnecting cognition, affect, and emotion, as well as research on socially mediated memory, provides innovatively interdisciplinary contexts for viewing current work on how cultural and social environments influence gene expression and neural circuitry. Building on this foundation, Cultural Memory turns to the exploration of the psychological processes and social contexts through which cultural mTrade Review"With something as diffuse as 'cultural memory,' the rich resources behind the humanities, social sciences, and neuroscience must be called upon. Readers will here be amply rewarded by the range and clarity of the competing frameworks on offer. Leading experts consistently help make sense of this vast terrain even as they help build it and trouble its assumptions. Throughout, literature and the arts help us to think through enactive, evolutionary, and predictive scientific models of mind, memory, and trauma."Richard C. Sha, Professor of Literature and Affiliate Professor of Philosophy, American University "This innovative collection approaches the situated dynamism, adaptive resilience, and transgenerational reach of human memory. From ancient folk tales to modernist epics and immigrant recipes, storytelling and symbolization support the plasticity and pluralism of cultural memory in search of sustainable worlds. Combining new research in neuroscience and epigenetics with cultural analysis, this volume has profound implications for how we understand and enact consciousness, agency, and collective identity in the face of war, globalization, and the ruins of time."Julia Reinhard Lupton, author of Shakespeare Dwelling: Designs for the Theater of Life"This book represents an audacious attempt to integrate cultural knowledge into a general neuro-cognitive model of human knowledge. Such integration is a necessary step toward our understanding of how primate cognition over time evolve to accommodate the rise of of human communication and human culture."T. Givon, Professor Emeritus of Linguistics and Cognitive Science, University of OregonTable of ContentsIntroduction: Cultural Memory from Interdisciplinary Perspectives Donald R. Wehrs Part 1: The Neuroscience of Cultural Memory1. Synaptic Epigenesis and the Social Brain Suzanne Nalbantian and Jean-Pierre Changeux 2. Molecular Epigenetics, the Biology of Memory, and Biology as MemoryMaurizio Meloni 3. Molecular Mechanisms of Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Implications for Cultural Memory Peter Sarkies 4. From Self-Continuity to Culture and Back: The Brain’s Scale-Free Activity and Temporal Memory of the WorldGeorg Northoff 5. The Evolution and Dissolution of Cultural MemoryDon M. Tucker and Phan Luu Part 2: Cultural Memory in Psychological and Social Contexts6. Collective Memory: Conceptual Foundations and Group FormationJames V. Wertsch, Henry L. Roediger III, and Christopher L. Zerr7. Cultural Memory: Sharing Recollections We Don’t Have About Things That Never HappenedPatrick Colm Hogan 8. The Aesthetics of Culture: Framing Shared Experiences Through Embodied MetaphorsAndrea Carraro, Angelie Ignacio, Eva L. Cupchik, and Gerald C. Cupchik9. The U.S. Civil War and Cultural MemoryDavid S. Reynolds Part 3: The Arts, Literature, and Contested Cultural Memory 10. The Memorial’s Vernacular Arc Between Berlin’s Denkmal and New York City’s 9/11 MemorialJames E. Young11. Nourishment for the Mind: Narrating Indian Food as Cultural MemoryAlexa Weik von Mossner12. Neural Pluralism and Cultural Memory in Eliot’s The Waste Land and Akhmatova’s Requiem Donald R. Wehrs 13. From Implicit Memory to Cultural Counter-Memory: Marguerite Duras Rewriting Colonial Trauma Sirkka Knuuttila

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Book SynopsisThis book encourages cross-disciplinary dialogues toward introducing a new framework for neuro-narratology, expanding on established theory within cognitive narratology to more fully encompass the different faculties involved in the reading process. To investigate narrative cognition, the book traces the ways in which cognitive patterns of embodiment â and the neural connections that comprise them â in the reading process are translated into patterns in narrative fiction. Drawing theories of episodic memories and nonvisual perception of space, Farmasi draws on theories of episodic memories and nonvisual perception of space in analyzing a range of narratives from twentieth century prose. The first set of analyses shines a light on perception and emotion in narrative discourses and the construction of storyworlds, while the second foregrounds the readerâs experience. The volume makes the case for the fact that narratives need to be understood as dynamic elements of the interact

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Book SynopsisUrban parks and gardens are where people go to reconnect with nature and destress. But do they all provide the same benefits or are some better than others? What specific attributes set some green spaces apart? Can we objectively measure their impact on mental health and well-being? If so, how do we use this evidence to guide the design of mentally healthy cities?The Contemplative Landscape Model unveils the path to answer these questions. Rooted in landscape architecture and neuroscience, this innovative concept is described for the first time in an extended format, offering a deep dive into contemplative design and the science behind it. In the face of the global mental health crisis, and increasing disconnection from nature, design strategies for creating healthier urban environments are what our cities so sorely need. This book delves into the neuroscience behind contemplative landscapes, their key spatial characteristics, and practical applications of the ContemplTrade Review"This fantastic book provides strong evidence of how vital our outdoor spaces are in improving health and well-being, especially post-pandemic. It shows how healthier urban environments can be achieved to mitigate the impacts of climate change, population growth, ageing, and urbanisation. It is a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners and students."Dr Bruno Marques, President of the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA), Associate Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Design Innovation, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"Creating salubrious landscapes has been a goal of landscape design as old as the landscape architecture profession. This monograph presents a very convincing case of the Contemplative Landscape Model to marry both the goal of aesthetics and health promotion value of landscapes. It will be a very useful reference for researchers, students and practitioners in the field of landscape architecture."Dr Tan Puay Yok, Professor, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore"Whilst there is significant evidence showing the beneficial effects of nature to wellbeing, there is still so much we don’t know about cause and effect. This book presents some new arguments – including a role for our subconscious – and drawing on Jung’s model of the psyche to help account for the profound effect nature has on us, positive and negative."Jenny Roe, Professor in Design & Health, School of Architecture, University of Virginia, USATable of ContentsIntroduction PART 1: SCIENCE BEHIND THE CONTEMPLATIVE LANDSCAPES 1. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Urban Green Spaces 2. Brain Response to Contemplative Landscapes and Mental Health Implications 3. How to Benefit the Most from Contemplative Landscape Exposure? PART 2: CONTEMPLATIVE LANDSCAPE FEATURES 4. Character of Peace and Silence 5. Compatibility 6. Layers of the Landscape 7. Landform 8. Biodiversity 9. Color and Light 10. Archetypal Elements PART 3: EXISTING AND FUTURE APPROACHES 11. How to Design Contemplative Landscapes? Best Practices and Case Examples 12. How to Identify Contemplative Landscapes? CLM User’s Manual 13. A Vision of a Mentally Healthy City

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Book SynopsisIn the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts present career-long collections of what they judge to be their most interesting publications extracts from books, key articles, research findings, and practical and theoretical contributions.Ellen Bialystok has published widely in the field of cognitive development and decline across the lifespan. Her research uses behavioral and neuroimaging methods to examine the effect of experience on cognitive and brain systems with a focus on bilingualism. Her discoveries include the identification of differences in the development of cognitive and language abilities for monolingual and bilingual children, the use of different brain networks by monolingual and bilingual young adults performing cognitive tasks, and the postponement of symptoms of dementia in bilingual older adults. In other studies, she has investigated the effects of bilingual education on children's development and the cognitive and brain con

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Book SynopsisThis volume looks at classic and novel methods currently used by researchers to understand mood and anxiety disorders and foster precision medicine. Chapters in this book cover topics such as how the sucrose preference succeeds or fails as a measurement of anhedonia; fear conditioning in laboratory rodents; animal models for mania; rodent models for studying the impact of variation in early life mother-infant interactions on mood and anxiety; and prediction of susceptibility/resilience toward animal models of PTSD. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.   Comprehensive and cutting-edge, accommodating the novel views on how the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders should be reconceptualized, Psychiatric Vulnerability, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders: Tests and Models in Mice and Rats is a valuable resource for all researchers iTable of Contents1 Animal Models of Mood and Anxiety Disorders: The Pursuit of Standardization and Recognition of the Complex Neurobiology of Human Mental Health Jaanus Harro 2 The Open Field Test Vootele Võikar and S. Clare Stanford 3 The Light Dark Box Test in the Mouse Solal Bloch and Catherine Belzung 4 The Olfactory Bulbectomized Rodent Remains a Valuable Preclinical Model of Depression and Antidepressant Activity Michelle Roche and John P. Kelly 5 Marble-Burying in Mice Jeffrey M. Witkin and Jodi L. Smith 6 How the Sucrose Preference Succeeds or Fails as a Measurement of Anhedonia Tatyana Strekalova 7 A Vogel Conflict Test Using Food Reinforcement in Mice Jeffrey M. Witkin and Jodi L. Smith 8 Fear Conditioning in Laboratory Rodents Iris Müller and Markus Fendt 9 Learned Helplessness in Rodents Kennia Moura Silveira and Sâmia Joca 10 Chronobiology of Mood States: Introducing Circadian Animal Models Jorge Mendoza, Noëmi Billon, Guillaume Vanotti, and Viviane Pallage 11 Telemetry in Rats and Mice: Methodological Considerations and Example Studies of Stress and Anxiety in Ground-Based Spaceflight Analogs Laurie L. Wellman, Austin M. Adkins, Hargsoon Yoon, Richard A. Britten, and Larry D. Sanford 12 Utility and Implementation of Oral Corticosteroid Exposure in Behavioral Neuroscience Research with Rodents Michelle K. Sequeira, Jane R. Taylor, and Shannon L. Gourley 13 Animal Models for Mania Kirsten Schmerder and Nadja Freund 14 Social Behavior Testing in Mice: Social Interest, Recognition, and Aggression Amy E. Clipperton-Allen and Damon T. Page 15 Rodent Models for Studying the Impact of Variation in Early Life Mother-Infant Interactions on Mood and Anxiety Hannah E. Lapp and Frances A. Champagne 16 Principles of Recording Rodent Ultrasonic Vocalizations Stefan M. Brudzynski and Sylvie Granon 17 Development of a Selectively Bred Mouse Model of Dominance and Submissiveness: Technical Considerations Albert Pinhasov, Elena Shmerkin, Lev Libergod, Michael Kirby, Oryan Agranyoni, Liudmila Vinnikova, and Debpali Sur 18 Prediction of Susceptibility/Resilience Toward Animal Models of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Maria Morena, Giulia Federica Mancini, and Patrizia Campolongo

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Book SynopsisMeasuring Behaviouris the established go-to text for anyone interested in scientific methods for studying the behaviour of animals or humans. It is widely used by students, teachers and researchers in a variety of fields, including biology, psychology, the social sciences and medicine. This new fourth edition has been completely rewritten and reorganised to reflect major developments in how behavioural studies are conducted. It includes new sections on the replication crisis, covering Open Science initiatives such as preregistration, as well as fully up-to-date information on the use of remote sensors, big data and artificial intelligence in capturing and analysing behaviour. The sections on the analysis and interpretation of data have been rewritten to align with current practices,with advice on avoiding common pitfalls. Although fully revised and revamped, this new edition retains the simplicity, clarity and conciseness that have madeMeasuring Behavioura classic since the first edition appeared more than 30 years ago.Trade Review'A brilliant new edition of this classic guide to studying both animal and human behaviour, it is also a wonderful introduction to the scientific method: asking questions; formulating testable hypotheses; designing a research programme; research ethics; the recording, statistical analysis and interpretation of data; sample sizes, replication and reliability; and how best to communicate the findings to both a scientific and a public audience. Inspiring reading for field and laboratory researchers in ethology, psychology, anthropology, social sciences and public health, and for policy makers, too, and especially timely now, with an analysis of how social networks influence group dynamics and the spread of ideas and diseases.' Nick Davies, Professor of Behavioural Ecology, University of Cambridge, UK'From choosing a study animal to designing an experiment, from recording data to writing publications, this superb little book succinctly captures everything that a budding researcher needs to know to do excellent behavioural research. Updated to incorporate new chapters on the replication crisis, ethics, and animal social groups, and broadened to cover human behaviour, the new edition of this much-valued classic is the best ever.' Kevin N. Laland, Professor of Behavioural and Evolutionary Biology, University of St Andrews, UK'The new Measuring Behaviour, in which Paul Martin is joined by Melissa Bateson, retains all the succinct crystal clarity of the previous editions and significantly extends its reach to include major new sections on the reproducibility crisis, ethical and legal considerations in research, and the use of modern technologies in data collection. Its lucidity and comprehensive scope mean that, more than ever, it should be the go-to reference for all those wishing to run behavioural studies.' Mike Mendl, Professor of Animal Behaviour and Welfare, University of Bristol, UK'Ever since its first edition in 1986, Measuring Behaviour has been an invaluable resource for anyone interested in recording, measuring and analysing how and why animals - including humans - do what they do. This newest edition is more useful than ever, an indispensable reference for students and established scientists alike. Melissa Bateson and Paul Martin have comprehensively revised and updated the volume, adding material to address important contemporary issues such as the replication crisis, the ethics of animal research, and how to manage the sometimes-complex publication process. This beautifully written 'how to' guide is a must read for researchers engaged in the study of behaviour.' Stephen Nowicki, Professor of Biology, Psychology and Neurobiology, Duke University, USA'An essential 'how to' guide to research in animal behaviour, this new updated edition goes through all the stages needed to achieve scientifically valid results from initial planning to presenting the final conclusions. Highly recommended for students wanting to achieve the highest standards of scientific research.' Marian Stamp Dawkins, University of Oxford, UK'Over the past several years I have recommended Measuring Behaviour to students, postdocs and even accomplished researchers. Since its initial publication, Measuring Behaviour has saved many investigators from shabby technique and the reinvention of unsatisfactory new wheels. ... This new edition represents a greatly enlarged and modernised vision of behavioural measurement. The new edition (boldly but quite correctly) discusses the measurement of human and non-human behaviour in parallel. In addition to the bricks and mortar issues of sampling frequency and ethograms, the new edition considers the replication crisis, basic principles of research design, and the ethics of studying living subjects. It would be a marvellous text for a course on behavioural research method, but every serious student of behavioural empiricism will benefit from this work. It is truly a tour de force.' David Stephens, Professor of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, University of Minnesota, USATable of ContentsAcknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. Science and Truth; 3. Choosing a Research Question; 4. Designing a Behavioural Study; 5. Ethics and the Law; 6. Defining Behavioural Metrics; 7. Recording Methods; 8. Recording Technology; 9. Individuals and Groups; 10. Measurement Quality; 11. Data Analysis; 12. Interpreting and Communicating Findings; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisScientists, industry, and the public are all interested in how what we eat affects our brain and mind. Stevenson and Francis provide a comprehensive account of this new and emerging science, written in an accessible style for both educated lay and scientific readers.Trade Review'A scholarly and balanced overview of the literature and a treasure trove of information for those wanting to take a deep dive into diet and health.' Dana Small, Yale University, USA'This book provides a highly detailed and authoritative look at the role of diet on mind and brain. While the focus is very much on human nutrition, the authors bring in relevant animal research when trying to understand mechanism.' Charles Spence, University of Oxford, UKTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. Pregnancy, infancy and development; 3. Acute effects of food intake; 4. Chronic effects of food intake – Western-style diets; 5. Dietary neurotoxins; 6. Neuroprotective effects of diet; 7. Food-related drugs and food as a drug; 8. Starvation and caloric restriction in adults; 9. Essential nutrient deficiencies in adults; 10. Implications and conclusions.

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Book SynopsisMost of us crave new experiences and sensations. Whether it''s our attraction to that new burger place or the latest gadget, newness tugs at us. But what about those who can''t seem to get enough? They jump out of planes, climb skyscrapers, and will eat anything (even poisonous pufferfish) Prompting others to ask ''what''s wrong'' with them. These are high sensation-seekers and they crave intense experiences, despite physical, or social risk. They don''t have a death wish, but seemingly a need for an adrenaline rush, no matter what. Buzz! describes the world of the high sensation-seeking personality in a way that we can all understand. It explores the lifestyle, psychology, and neuroscience behind adrenaline junkies and daredevils. This tendency, or compulsion, has a role in our culture. But where is the line between healthy and unhealthy thrill-seeking? The minds of these adventurers are explained page by page.Trade Review'Our team worked closely with Kenneth Carter on a science exhibition about the motivations of extreme sports athletes. He has an amazing ability to clearly communicate the psychology of sensation-seekers through personal stories that dispel myths and stereotypes. Discover your own sensation-seeking traits and come away inspired to pursue personal goals with enthusiasm and purpose!' Science North, Canada'An engaging and informative romp through the fascinating world of thrill-seekers and risk-takers. Kenneth Carter does a skilful job of weaving scientific research with real-life examples, making the topic come alive for readers.' Scott O. Lilienfeld, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor, Emory University, Atlanta'Kenneth Carter brilliantly and seamlessly weaves together neuroscientific research with an extraordinary assortment of humorous, enlightening, and jaw-dropping anecdotes. He takes us on a fascinating journey; exploring the brain chemistry, cognitions, myriad behaviors, and relationships of thrill-seekers. Fasten your seatbelts - it's an amazing ride and a terrific book!' Lisa Ferentz, The Ferentz Institute and author of Treating Self-destructive Behaviors in Trauma Survivors: A Clinician's Guide'Part of what makes Buzz! such an engaging read is that it brilliantly balances the extreme with the mundane, couching amazing acts of risk-taking with science that applies to all of us.' The San Francisco Book Review'With writing that is accessible and approachable, Buzz! is an enjoyable overview of distinctive psychological personality traits and characteristics and an in-depth look at the motivation for risk-taking, flow, and HSS personalities.' Curt Davidson, Journal of Experiential EducationTable of Contents1. What is sensation-seeking; 2. Born to be wild; 3. Faster, hotter, louder: the everyday life of a high sensation-seeker; 4. Lights, camera, action: sports and adventure in high sensation-seeking; 5. What about your friends: the relationships of high sensation-seekers; 6. All in a day's work; 7. The dark side of high sensation-seeking; 8. Super power or super problem; Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis well-established and acclaimed textbook introducing the rapidly growing field of nerve and muscle function has been completely revised and updated. Written with undergraduate students in mind, it begins with the fundamental principles demonstrated by the pioneering electrophysiological experiments on cell excitability. This leads to more challenging material recounting recent discoveries from applying modern biochemical, genetic, physiological and biophysical, experimental and mathematical analysis. The resulting interdisciplinary approach conveys a unified contemporary understanding of nerve and skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle function at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Emphasis on important strategic experiments throughout clarifies the basis for our current scientific views, highlights the excitement and challenge of biomedical discovery, and suggests directions for future advances. These fundamental ideas are then translated into discussions of related disease conditions and their clinical management. Now including colour illustrations, it is an invaluable text for students of physiology, neuroscience, cell biology and biophysics.Trade Review'Huang has taken on the mammoth task of bringing the book up-to-date and has succeeded in maintaining the enthusiastic and eminently readable approach of Keynes and Aidley, who created one of the greatest physiology books covering the crucial areas of nerve and muscle. The fascinating historical perspectives on the discovery of membrane potentials, the transmission of nerve impulses and their molecular basis are essential reading for students of medicine and physiology with a curiosity about scientific methods, and progress.' Michael A. Ferenczi, Imperial College London'...a beautifully written gem. It is clearly illustrated, and it makes one of the most difficult areas of biology completely accessible. It should find its way onto the bookshelves of electrophysiologists everywhere and any students who aspire to master one of the most exciting areas of modern biology.' Denis Noble, University of Oxford'This classic textbook on the fundamental biophysics and physiology of nerve and muscle remains an unparalleled source of knowledge that has served the scientific field for decades. Prof. Huang elegantly manages to update this edition with recent findings within this broad field continuing the excellence that characterizes this work.' Thomas Holm Pedersen, University of Aarhus, Denmark'Professor Christopher Huang has updated and significantly broadened the scope and the translational endpoints of the classical textbook of Integrative and Cell Physiology Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle. The result is a comprehensive, well planned, logically presented and extensively referenced monograph. Based on the text and supporting figures, it builds on the strengths of the parent textbook while also providing new in-depth coverage of recent advances in neurophysiology as well as skeletal and cardiac muscle electrophysiology and contractility. The internationally recognized research accomplishments of Professor Huang on key cell physiology mechanisms of the heart and skeletal muscle form the basis of very informative material concerning cardiac rhythm disturbances and some aspects of exercise physiology and aging. This textbook will serve as a valuable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, as well as both basic science and clinical faculty members in Life Sciences.' Wayne Giles, University of Calgary, CanadaTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations; 1. Structural organization of the nervous system; 2. Resting and action potentials; 3. Background ionic homeostasis of excitable cells; 4. Membrane permeability changes during excitation; 5. Voltage-gated ion channels; 6. Cable theory and saltatory conduction; 7. Neuromuscular transmission; 8. Synaptic transmission in the nervous system; 9. The mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle; 10. The activation of skeletal muscle; 11. Excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle; 12. Contractile function in skeletal muscle; 13. Cardiac muscle; 14. Ion channel function and cardiac arrhythmogenesis; 15. Smooth muscle; Further reading; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisHighlighting the principles of basic neuroscience and its application to neurosurgical disease, neurological conditions are broken down into current academic themes and advances. This book outlines key animal models and clinical principles of common conditions, helping clinicians design and conduct appropriate research projects to improve prognosis.Table of ContentsSection 1. Basic and computational neuroscience: 1. Neuroanatomy Farhana Akter, Charles Reilly, Christophe Dupre, and Shifa Hossain; 2. Cerebral autoregulation Xingping Qin, Parisa Nikrouz and Farhana Akter; 3. Neuroimmune interactions Allison Chang; 4. Anatomy and physiology of the neuron Oluwatobi Ariyo and Farhana Akter; 5. Synaptic transmission Katrina Hon and Nigel Emptage; 6. Sensory pathways Rachel Chau, Megan Chau and Farhana Akter; 7. Somatosensory and somatic motor systems Maria Kaltchenko and Farhana Akter; 8. Neuron models Kumaresh Krishnan; 9. An introduction to artificial intelligence and machine learning Shun Yao, Ye Wu and Farhana Akter; 10. Artificial intelligence in neuroscience Will Xiao, Mengmi Zhang and Gabriel Kreiman; 11. Probability and statistics Zachary T. Miller; Section 2. Clinical neurosurgical diseases; 12. Glioma David M. Ashley and Justin T. Low; 13. Brain metastases: molecules to medicine Ethan S. Srinivasan, Vadim Tsvankin, Eric W. Sankey, Matthew M. Grabowski, Pakawat Chongsathidkiet and Peter E. Fecci; 14. Benign adult brain tumors and pediatric brain tumors Shun Yao, Umar Raza and Farhana Akter; 15. Biomechanics of the spine Gaetano De Biase and Kingsley Abode-Iyamah; 16. Degenerative cervical myelopathy Timothy J. Florence, Joel S. Beckett and Langston T. Holly; 17. Spondylolisthesis Yike Jin, Ann Liu, Ravi Medikonda and Timothy F. Witham; 18. Radiculopathy Yingda Li and Michael Y Wang; 19. Spinal tumors Ziev B. Moses, Matthew Trawczynski and John E O'Toole; 20. Acute spinal cord injury and spinal trauma Dominique M. O. Higgins, Pavan S. Upadhyayula, Michael Argenziano and Paul McCormick; 21. Traumatic brain injury Kristin A. Keith and Jason H. Huang; 22. Vascular neurosurgery Karol P. Budohoski and Adib A. Abla; 23. Pediatric vascular malformations Alaa Montaser and Edward R. Smith; 24. Craniofacial neurosurgery John T. Smetona and John A. Persing; 25. Hydrocephalus Benjamin C. Reeves, Jason K. Karimy, Phan Q. Duy and Kristopher T. Kahle; 26. Peripheral nerve injury response mechanisms Andrew S. Jack and Line Jacques; 27. Clinical peripheral nerve injury models Andrew S. Jack, Charlotte J. Huie and Line Jacques; 28. The neuroscience of functional neurosurgery Joseph S. Bell, TJ Florence, Maya Harary, Maxwell D. Melin, Hiro Sparks and Nader Pouratian; 29. Neuroradiology: focused ultrasound in neurosurgery Massimiliano Del Bene, Roberto Eleopra, Francesco Prada and Francesco DiMeco; 30. Magnetic resonance imaging in neurosurgery David J. Segar, Jasmine A. Thum, Dhiego Bastos and Alexandra J. Golby; 31. Brain mapping Anthony T. Lee, Cecilia Dalle Ore and Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper.

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Book SynopsisMoving beyond challenges which confront contemporary criminological theorizing such as: the stagnation of critical criminology, the relativistic nihilism of the ‘cultural turn’, posthumanism, and virtual criminology, the author codifies and ‘applies’ the latest version of the framework to the study of crime, both in and out of cyberspace.Table of ContentsChapter One. Introduction.- Chapter Two. Criminological and Social Theory: Surveying the Contemporary Landscape.- Chapter Three. Neuroscience and Cybercrime.- Chapter Four. Do We Need a ‘Virtual Criminology’?.- Chapter Five. Cyber Violence.- Chapter Six. Codification and Application of the Genetic-Social Framework.- Concluding Observations

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Cognitive Psychology: Processes and Disorders provides a comprehensive, yet accessible, overview of the field for undergraduate students. The fourth edition has been thoroughly revised throughout to provide a comprehensive introduction to the core topics of cognition, including memory, perception, thinking, and language. Uniquely, alongside coverage of normal cognitive function, the book also includes chapters on clinical disorders such as agnosia, amnesia, and aphasia, providing a more balanced insight into the nature of cognition and its related disorders.Key features: Completely revised and updated throughout to provide a comprehensive overview of current thinking in the field Accessibly written by experienced textbook authors and academic experts, including Michael Eysenck and Sophie Scott A new chapter on Problem Solving, written by Fernand Gobet, a leading authority in the field Trade ReviewNow in its fourth edition, this textbook provides a comprehensive and very accessible introduction to human cognition—from perception through attention, memory, thinking, language, and emotion. Uniquely, together with describing normal cognitive processes, it covers corresponding disorders of cognition. It is exceptionally clearly written and up to date, well suited to college and university introductory courses on cognition. Indeed, it is a great place to begin for anyone with an interest in how the mind works! — Colin M. MacLeod, PhD FRSC, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Waterlo This book offers a superbly edited overview of the basics of cognitive psychology from the different perspectives of a variety of experts. It also stands out against traditional textbooks in this area in that it provides an engaging and unique approach by including a comprehensive review of the disorders associated with each area of cognitive psychology. This is something I think students will fully appreciate and find helpful and relevant." — Steve Charlton, Douglas College and Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada In this revised 4th Edition, David Groome and his expert contributors have created a comprehensive and clearly-presented textbook. The four separate chapters on ‘disorders’ are an excellent feature of the book. — Vicki Bruce, Professor of Psychology and former Head of the School of Psychology at Newcastle University 'Now in its fourth edition, this textbook provides a comprehensive and very accessible introduction to human cognition—from perception through attention, memory, thinking, language, and emotion. Uniquely, together with describing normal cognitive processes, it covers corresponding disorders of cognition. It is exceptionally clearly written and up to date, well suited to college and university introductory courses on cognition. Indeed, it is a great place to begin for anyone with an interest in how the mind works!' Colin M. MacLeod, PhD FRSC, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo 'This book offers a superbly edited overview of the basics of cognitive psychology from the different perspectives of a variety of experts. It also stands out against traditional textbooks in this area in that it provides an engaging and unique approach by including a comprehensive review of the disorders associated with each area of cognitive psychology. This is something I think students will fully appreciate and find helpful and relevant.' Steve Charlton, Douglas College and Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada 'In this revised 4th Edition, David Groome and his expert contributors have created a comprehensive and clearly-presented textbook. The four separate chapters on ‘disorders’ are an excellent feature of the book.' Vicki Bruce, Professor of Psychology and former Head of the School of Psychology at Newcastle University Table of ContentsCh1 Introduction to cognitive psychology (David Groome) Ch2 Perception (Graham Edgar, Helen Edgar, & Graham Pike) Ch3 Attention (Graham Edgar, Helen Edgar, & Elizabeth Styles) Ch4 Disorders of perception and attention (Tom Manly & Hayley Ness) Ch5 Short-term memory (David Groome & Robin Law) Ch6 Long-term memory (David Groome & Robin Law) Ch7 Disorders of memory (David Groome) Ch8 Thinking and problem-solving (Fernand Gobet) Ch9 Disorders of thinking and problem-solving (Fernand Gobet & Nicola Brace) Ch10 Language (Sophie Scott) Ch11 Disorders of language (Sophie Scott) Ch12 Cognition and emotion (Michael Eysenck)

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an introduction to the bilingual brain. It is a useful resource for researchers and students, bringing together various theories and research approaches in the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism and a state-of-the-art overview of empirical findings on this topic from various perspectives.Trade Review'Our field was awaiting for a long time such a comprehensive volume that covers the whole topic of the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism: From neurons to words and to cognitive functions. An outstanding work that should become a must-read for students and researchers.' Jubin Abutalebi, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Italy'Like no other book on bilingualism, this is a complete and up-to-date captivating book on the intricacies of the bilingual brain. An extraordinary resource for students and researchers interested in the interplay between the bilingual cognitive mind and the structural bilingual brain.' Roberto R. Heredia, Texas A&M International University, USA'This book is a must-read for anyone interested in cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism. Readers will acquire a thorough understanding of the fundamental concepts necessary to grasp the topic. The chapters outline clear learning objectives, ensuring a comprehensive learning experience. The material is presented in an accessible and engaging style that keeps the reader's attention. Despite its scientific rigor, the book is a delight to read, comparable to a well-written novel.' Alina Leminen, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland'Accessible to non-specialists, this book presents a comprehensive review of the key issues in bilingual brain research. The multidisciplinary perspectives and methodologies are well described and explained, along with clear illustrations of new topics covering language and the environment, culture, child-adult learning differences, and many more, all in simple and concise terms.' Ping Li, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ChinaTable of Contents1. Theories and methods in the cognitive neuroscience of bilingualism: an introduction; 2. Neural representations and language processing in the bilingual brain; 3. Bilingualism, language development, and brain plasticity; 4. Aphasia and the bilingual brain; 5. Cross-linguistic effects of bilingualism; 6. Bilingual lexical and conceptual memory; 7. Cognitive and neurocognitive effects of bilingualism; 8. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisThrough science and philosophy, Conscience illuminates the answer to the question of how we determine right from wrong.Trade Review"No one blends philosophy and neuroscience as well as Patricia Churchland. Here she provides a much-needed correction to the usual emphasis on reasoning and logic in moral philosophy. Our judgements are guided by ancient intuitions and brain processes shared with other mammals." -- Frans de Waal"Conscience is illuminating, entertaining and wise." -- Nature"... her conclusion—that conscience is not as fixed or universal as we might like to think—is a fascinating and provocative one." -- Economia

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Book SynopsisCritical Neuroscience: A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts of Neuroscience brings together multi-disciplinary scholars from around the world to explore key social, historical and philosophical studies of neuroscience, and to analyze the socio-cultural implications of recent advances in the field. This text's original, interdisciplinary approach explores the creative potential for engaging experimental neuroscience with social studies of neuroscience while furthering the dialogue between neuroscience and the disciplines of the social sciences and humanities. Critical Neuroscience transcends traditional skepticism, introducing novel ideas about how to be critical' in and about science.Table of ContentsCredits viiList of Illustrations viiiAbout the Editors xList of Contributors xiPreface xiiiIntroduction: Critical Neuroscience—Between Lifeworld and Laboratory 1Suparna Choudhury and Jan SlabyPart I—Motivations and Foundations 271 Proposal for a Critical Neuroscience 29Jan Slaby and Suparna Choudhury2 The Need for a Critical Neuroscience: From Neuroideology to Neurotechnology 53Steven Rose3 Against First Nature: Critical Theory and Neuroscience 67Martin Hartmann4 Scanning the Lifeworld: Toward a Critical Neuroscience of Action and Interaction 85Shaun GallagherPart II—Histories of the Brain 1115 Toys are Us: Models and Metaphors in Brain Research 113Cornelius Borck6 The Neuromance of Cerebral History 135Max Stadler7 Empathic Cruelty and the Origins of the Social Brain 159Allan YoungPart III— Neuroscience in Context: From Laboratory to Lifeworld 1778 Disrupting Images: Neuroscientific Representations in the Lives of Psychiatric Patients 179Simon Cohn9 Critically Producing Brain Images of Mind 195Joseph Dumit10 Radical Reductions: Neurophysiology, Politics and Personhood in Russian Addiction Medicine 227Eugene Raikhel11 Delirious Brain Chemistry and Controlled Culture: Exploring the Contextual Mediation of Drug Effects 253Nicolas LanglitzPart IV— Situating the brain: From Lifeworld back to Laboratory? 26312 From Neuroimaging to Tea Leaves in the Bottom of a Cup 265Amir Raz13 The Salmon of Doubt: Six Months of Methodological Controversy within Social Neuroscience 273Daniel S. Margulies14 Cultural Neuroscience as Critical Neuroscience in Practice 287Joan Y. Chiao and Bobby K. CheonPart V— Beyond neural correlates: Ecological approaches to psychiatry 30515 Re-Socializing Psychiatry: Critical Neuroscience and the Limits of Reductionism 307Laurence J. Kirmayer and Ian Gold16 Are Mental Illnesses Diseases of the Brain? 331Thomas Fuchs17 Are there Neural Correlates of Depression? 345Fernando Vidal and Francisco Ortega18 The Future of Critical Neuroscience 367Laurence J. KirmayerIndex 385

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Book SynopsisThe idea for the present volume grew from discussions that the four of us had among ourselves and with our colleagues at recent scientific meetings. All of us were impressed by the wealth of empirical data that was being generated by investigators interested in brain damage and recovery from both behavioral and biological orientations. Nevertheless, we were concerned about the relative paucity of attempts to evaluate the data provided by new technologies in more than a narrow context or to present new theories or reexamine time-honored ideas in the light of new findings. We recognized that science is guided by new technologies, by hard data, and by theories and ideas. Yet we were forced to conclude that, although investi gators were often anxious to publicize new methods and empirical fmdings, the same could not be said about broad hypotheses, underlying concepts, or in ferences Table of Contents1 Toward a Definition of Recovery of Function.- 1. The Problem Defined.- 2. Definitions of Recovery of Function.- 3. Recovery or Behavioral Sparing?.- 4. Recovery or Compensation?.- 5. Recovery as Absolute and Inferential.- 6. Mechanisms of Recovery.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 2 Neural System Imbalances and the Consequence of Large Brain Injuries.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Subtotal Lesions.- 2.1. Normalization and Recovery of Function.- 2.2. Some Limitations.- 3. Complete Lesions.- 3.1. Recovery without Normalization.- 3.2. The Nature of the Behavioral Deficit.- 3.3. Some Supporting Data.- 3.4. The Chronic Consequence of Large Injuries.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 3 Bases of Inductions of Recoveries and Protections from Amnesias.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Training Effects.- 3. Drug Effects.- 4. Memory and Remembering.- 5. Controversial Issues.- References.- 4 Neural Spare Capacity and the Concept of Diaschisis: Functional and Evolutionary Models.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Intimations of Spare Capacity.- 1.2. Do Large Ablations More Readily Reveal Spare Capacity?.- 1.3. Evolutionary and Functional Puzzle of Spare Capacity.- 2. The Elements of Brain Information Processing Are Diffuse Domains.- 2.1. Unrealistic Aspects of Machine Metaphors and the Bugaboo Mosaic.- 2.2. Diffuse Domains Are Adequate for Maintaining Distinctions: A Metaphor of the Brain as an Immense Set of Counters.- 2.3. Von Monakow’s Concept of Diaschisis.- 2.4. Experimental Studies of Diaschisis.- 2.5. Diaschisis in the Model.- 2.6. Implications of the Model for Understanding Early Brain Damage.- 3. Error and Reliability when Large Numbers of Subsystems Interact.- 3.1. Introduction to Neuroeconomics: Costs and Benefits in the Natural Selection of Spare Neural Capacity.- 3.2. Two Types of Safety Factor: Reiteration (Redundancy) and Aiming High.- 3.3. Numerical Demonstration of the Importance of the Reiterative Safety Factor.- 3.4. Implications of the Numerical Demonstration for Ablation Research.- 3.5. Reiterations Are Unlikely to Comprise Large, Complex Units.- 3.6. Relevance of Research on Brain Size for the Safety Factor Hypothesis.- 3.7. Implications when There Is Additional Loss of Tissue.- 4. Five Possible Nonneural Preadaptations for Safety Factor.- 4.1. Developmental Heterochrony.- 4.2. The Head as a Releaser of Imprinting at Birth.- 4.3. The Visual Proportions of Infants as Affectional Releasers.- 4.4. A Large Head on a Large Body Is Fearsome rather than Cute.- 4.5. Surface/Volume Ratio in Thermoregulation.- 5. An Important Implication of Nonneural Natural Selection Factors for Neural Information Processing, Diaschisis, and Recovery.- 6. Summary.- References.- 5 Kurt Goldstein and Recovery of Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Assumptions and Empirical Origins.- 3. Theoretical Approach.- 4. Localization.- 5. Psychological Deficits following Brain Damage.- 6. Psychological Testing of Brain-Damaged Patients.- 7. Recovery and Rehabilitation.- 8. Significance for Neuropsychology.- References.- 6 Assumptions about the Brain and Its Recovery from Damage.- 1. Mechanisms of Brain Function.- 2. MacLean and the Triune Brain.- 3. Multiple Functions of Neural Systems.- 4. The Effects of Damage.- 4.1. Are Any Changes “Absolute”?.- 4.2. Motivational Changes following Brain Damage.- 5. Secondary Effects of Brain Damage.- 6. Residual Visual Abilities.- 7. The Extent of Stroke-Induced Damage.- References.- 7 Mass Action and Equipotentiality Reconsidered.- 1. Introduction and Historical Roots.- 2. Do We Need Mass Action and Equipotentiality?.- 2.1. Principles of Cortical Function.- 2.2. Principles of Behavior.- 3. Evidence of Recovery and Nonrecovery.- 3.1. Distinguishing between Getting Better and Recovery.- 3.2. Examining the Evidence for “Recovery of Function”.- 3.3. Recovery, Mass Action, and Equipotentiality.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- 8 Margaret Kennard and Her “Principle” in Historical Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Education and Background.- 3. Lesion Development and Motor Function.- 4. Historical Antecedents.- 5. Deficits following Early Lesions.- 6. Theoretical Formulations.- 7. Serial Lesions.- 8. Other Pursuits and Later Contributions.- 9. Conclusions.- References.- 9 Infant Brain Injury: The Benefit of Relocation and the Cost of Crowding.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Relocation of Speech.- 2.1. The Phenomenon.- 2.2. Two Necessary Conditions for Speech Relocation.- 2.3. The Cost of Relocation: Crowding of Functions.- 2.4. Conclusions.- 3. Relocation of Functions and Crowding in Animals.- 3.1. Hemispheric Specialization and Asymmetry.- 3.2. Bilateral Brain Injury and Relocation.- 3.3. Infant Lesions and Compound Cue Discriminations.- 4. Some Final Comments.- References.- 10 Arguments against Redundant Brain Structures.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Too Much Brain.- 3. Neuronal Redundancy during Infancy.- 4. Restatement of Problem.- 5. The Motor System.- 6. The Visual System.- 7. The Auditory System.- 8. The Somatosensory System.- 9. Autonomic Functions.- 10. Comment.- References.- 11 Another Look at Vicariation.- 1. Vicariation: Relationship to Localization of Function.- 2. What Is Recovery?.- 3. Vicariation and Other Theories of Recovery.- 4. Attempts to Locate Recovered Function.- 5. Changing Concepts of Brain Function and Another Look at Vicariation.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Hughlings Jackson’s Theory of Localization and Compensation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Aspect of Jackson’s Role in the Development of Modern Neurology.- 3. Jackson’s Theory of Localization and Its Derivative: Compensation.- 4. Critique: Historical and Contemporary.- 4.1. Time Frames.- 4.2. The Motor Model.- References.- 13 The Parcellation Theory and Alterations in Brain Circuitry after Injury.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Invasion.- 3. Overlap of Connections Is a Feature of Primitive and Developing Brains.- 4. Ontogenetic Parcellation.- 5. Cytodiversification.- 6. Experimentally Induced Sprouting and Accidental Brain Injury.- 7. Conclusion.- References.- 14 Trophic Hypothesis of Neuronal Cell Death and Survival.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Key Terms and Concepts.- 3. The Neuronotrophic Factor Hypothesis.- 4. Nerve Growth Factor: Its Presence and Competence in the CNS.- 5. Nerve Growth Factor’s Functional Roles in the CNS.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 15 Sensory Cortical Reorganization following Peripheral Nerve Injury.- 1. Somatotopic Order in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex.- 2. Control of Somatotopic Order.- 3. Acetylcholine as a Permissive Agent for Neuronal Plasticity.- 4. Neuronal Responses following Deafferentation.- 5. The Effects of Acetylcholine on Neurons in Normal Somatosensory Cortex.- 6. Cellular Mechanisms.- 7. The Hypothesis.- 8. Summary.- References.- 16 Is Dendritic Proliferation of Surviving Neurons a Compensatory Response to Loss of Neighbors in the Aging Brain?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Aging Brain.- 3. Regressive Influences.- 4. Balance of Influences.- References.- 17 Practical and Theoretical lssues in the Use of Fetal Brain Tissue Transplants to Promote Recovery from Brain Injury.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Specificity of Neural Connections between Host and Transplant Tissue.- 2.1. Some New Experimental Tests of Transplant Specificity.- 2.2. Are Transplants Morphologically “Normal”?.- 2.3. Is Homologous Embryonic Tissue Required to Obtain Recovery?.- 3. Is There a Critical Postoperative Period for Transplant Effectiveness?.- 4. Do Trophic Factors Play a Role in Transplant-Induced Recovery?.- 4.1. Recovery Seems to Persist when Transplants Are Removed.- 4.2. Do Transplants Release or Stimulate the Production of Trophic Substances?.- 4.3. Glial Cells May Play an Important Role in Transplant-Mediated Functional Recovery.- 5. Systemic Injections of Trophic Factors Can also Promote Functional Recovery.- 6. Problems and Risks in Using Embryonic Brain Tissue Grafts for the Treatment of Brain Injury.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 18 Functional Electrical Stimulation and Its Application for the Rehabilitation of Neurologically Injured Individuals.- 1. Early History of Electrical Stimulation in Medicine.- 2. Recent History of Functional Electrical Stimulation for Patient Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury.- 3. Functional Electrical Stimulation.- 4. An Isokinetic Muscle Exerciser for Strength Training.- 5. An Aerobic Exercise Bicycle for Endurance Training.- 6. Physiological Changes and Physical Conditioning Responses to FES-Induced Active Physical Therapy.- 6.1. Background Information.- 6.2. Functional Electrical Stimulation as a Therapeutic Modality.- 6.3. Cardiovascular Responses.- 6.4. Thermoregulatory Responses.- 6.5. Muscular Response.- 7. Functional Electrical Stimulation and Walking.- 8. Summary.- References.- 19 Recovery of Language Disorders: Homologous Contralateral or Connected Ipsilateral Compensation?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Right Hemisphere Compensation.- 3. Ipsilateral Structural Compensation.- 4. Factors in Recovery from Aphasia.- 4.1. Initial Severity.- 4.2. Time from Onset.- 4.3. Etiology.- 4.4. Lesion Size.- 5. Variations in Language Laterality and Anatomic Asymmetry.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 20 Sensory Substitution and Recovery from “Brain Damage”.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Sensory Substitution.- 2.1. Vision Substitution.- 2.2. Tactile Auditory Substitution.- 2.3. Cutaneous Sensory Substitution in Leprosy Patients.- 2.4. Braille and Sign Language.- 2.5. Electromyographic Sensory Feedback.- 3. Physiological Considerations.- 3.1. Peripheral Factors.- 3.2. Central Nervous System Factors.- 4. Perceptual Considerations.- 5. Practical Considerations.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 21 Emotion and Motivation in Recovery and Adaptation after Brain Damage.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Arousal, Emotion, and Motivation after Brain Damage.- 3. Some Clinical Examples of the Importance of Emotion and Motivation in Recovery after Brain Damage.- 4. The Problem of Motivation in Neurological Rehabilitation and the Limits of the Damaged Neurological System.- 5. The Relative Importance of Frontal Lobe Injury versus Temporal Lobe Injury for Recovery of Emotional and Motivational Deficits.- 6. A Note about Awareness and Its Importance in Psychiatric and Neurologically Oriented Therapies.- 7. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 22 Recovery of Function: Sources of Controversy.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Assessing the Functional Organization of the Brain.- 3. Variability and the Concept of “Normative” Performance.- 4. Multiple Brain Changes and Causality.- 5. Recovery and the Null Hypothesis.- 6. Conclusions.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe Color Atlas of Xenopus laevis Histology provides the first central source on the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and major organs of the adult South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Basic Tissues. Epithelial Tissue. Connective Tissue. Muscular Tissue. Nervous Tissue. 2. Cardiovascular System. Blood Vessels. Heart. 3. Lymphatic Organs. Diffuse Lymphoid Tissue. Lymph Node. Spleen. 4. Digestive Organs. Stomach. Small Intestine. Colon. Liver. Gall Bladder. Pancreas. 5. Respiratory System. Nasal Cavity. Trachea. Lungs. 6. Urinary System. Kidney. Ureter. Urinary Bladder. 7. Endocrine Organs. Pituitary Gland. Pineal Gland. Thyroid Gland. Adrenal (Interrenal) Gland. 8. Reproductive Organs. Ovary. Oviduct. Testes. 9. Integument. Epidermis. Dermis. Glands. Lateral Line Organ. 10. Cranial Structures. Overview of Cranial Structures. Oral Cavity. Epiglottis. Esophagus. Nasal Cavity. Brain. Middle and Inner Ear. Eye and Associated Structures. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text is the written form of the proceedings of a satellite symposium associated with the 1988-meeting of the Society for Neu roscience. The symposium was held 12 November 1988 in the auditor ium of the Addictions Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada. The ac tual writing took place across the months following the symposium. The symposium was sponsored by the Addictions Research Foundation, Toronto, Canada, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, U. S. A. , and Rensselaer, Troy, NY, U. S. A. Du Pont Pharmaceuticals provided some financial assistance. Contributors also received specific support for their own projects and these are ac knowledged at the end of each chapter. The accomplishment of science involves the efforts of many persons and their organizations. That is surely manifest in the work presented here. Modern science is very expensive and, consequentlTable of ContentsSection 1 Background.- 1 Obesity, Anorexia Nervosa, and Bulimia: A General Overview.- 2 Alcohol-Abuse and Alcoholism.- 3 The Endogenous Opioidergic Systems.- 4 Opioids’ Modification of Central Reward Processes.- Section 2 Opioids and Ingestion.- 5 Basic Mechanisms of Opioids’ Effects on Eating and Drinking.- 6 Feeding Modified by Central Applications of Opioids.- Section 3 Using Opioid-Antagonists in Treating Bulimia.- 7 Naltrexone and Bulimia: Initial Observations.- 8 Using Drugs to Manage Binge-Eating Among Obese and Normal Weight Patients.- Section 4 Opioids and AA&A, Preclinical Studies.- 9 Opioids Modulate Rats’ Intakes of Alcoholic Beverages.- 10 Opioids Modulate Rats’ Reactivities to Alcohol.- Section 5 Naltrexone and Alcohol-Dependence.- 11 Naltrexone and the Treatment of Alcohol-Dependence: Initial Observations.- Section 6 Individual Differences.- 12 Enkephalinergic Involvement in Voluntary Drinking of Alcohol.- 13 Endorphins in Individuals with High and Low Risk for Development of Alcoholism.- 14 Do Substance-Abuse, Including Alcoholism, and Bulimia Covary?.- Section 7 Prospectives.- 15 Potential Toxicities of High Doses of Naltrexone in Patients with Appetitive Disorders.- 16 Prospects for Developing More Specific Antagonists, I.- 17 Prospects for Developing More Specific Antagonists, II.- 18 Summary.- References.

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Book SynopsisLife, either as we think of it in the abstract in its highest sense, or life, as we think of it in terms of a compact living organism, is obviously the result of complex interaction of all of the components of the organism.Table of Contents1 Inorganic Constituents.- 2 Carbohydrates.- 3 Amino Acids.- 4 Peptides.- 5 Proteins.- 6 Acidic Proteins.- 7 Nucleic Acids.- 8 Lipids.- 9 Myelin.- 10 Sterols.- 11 Glycoproteins.- 12 Mucopolysaccharides.- 13 Iron.- 14 Gray—White Matter Differences.- 15 Cerebral Metabolism in Vivo.- 16 Enzymes.

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Book SynopsisHow the mind works -- everything from memory to emotion, navigation to creativity -- explained in nine extraordinary human storiesTrade ReviewThis wonderfully clear, fluent, eye-opening book explores what happens when the mind misbehaves: distance is distorted, memory plays tricks, people hear in colour and see in music. Helen Thomson is the science teacher you wish you'd had at school . . . The unruliness of the misfiring brain is what makes Unthinkable so fascinating and so frightening . . . Thomson's book repays careful reading. Don't skip the science to get on to the well-I-never case histories. You need both together. And when the doctors Thomson interviews conclude, at the end of their examinations, that they simply cannot explain the weird workings of the brain, it isn't a "dunno" of defeat, but of wonder * THE TIMES *A stirring scientific journey, a celebration of human diversity and a call to rethink the 'unthinkable' * NATURE *The beautifully written story of [those], whose maladies give us an insight into the brain, our most mysterious organ * TIMES, Science Book of the Year *Imagine turning into a tiger. Or getting permanently lost in your own one bedroom home. It sounds like the stuff of nightmares - but this is the engrossing subject of Thomson's exploration of extraordinary brains. With flair and empathy, the author sees her subjects in the context of their everyday lives, allowing us to marvel at their humanity . . . accessible, well researched, thought-provoking. Like The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, Unthinkable offers us a wondrous array of rare and weird disorders...This lucid and compelling book not only celebrates the incredible machinery we call the brain, it's also full of insights and invaluable tips. Thomson tells us how to forge memories that never disappear; how to grow an alien limb. And don't forget to make an animal noise next time you turn off the gas hob - it'll help you remember you've switched it off later in the day. We are our brains, and they are stranger than we think * TATLER *Refreshingly personal... humane and often humorous * EVENING STANDARD *Exceptional... From seeing auras and turning into a tiger, to waking up 'dead' and being able to remember every single day of your life in vivid detail, award-winning science journalist Thomson investigates wondrously rare and strange brain disorders in this terrific debut. While acknowledging her debt to the late, great Oliver Sacks, Thomson sets out to do things t differently by meeting her nine subjects not in clinical environments but as they live their daily lives with extraordinary brains. Theirs are mystery stories, spellbinding and true." * BOOKSELLER, Science Book of the Month *By including both clear explanations of research and interviews with her subjects about their lived experience, Thomson shows how our own brains might try to make sense of the world in the same ways, with fun experiments to trick ourselves into hallucinating or even believing we've an alien limb * Press Association *Fun facts are what make popular science popular. Helen Thomson's first book has a ready supply of them, and she is good at giving them context . . . there is much of interest here * SUNDAY TELEGRAPH *By including both clear explanations of recent research and interviews with her subjects about their lived experience, Thomson show how our own brains might try to make sense of the world * SCOTSMAN *Thomson brings intellectual rigour to each subject, discussing history, causes, treatment and more, in what amounts to an utterly fascinating romp around the nether regions of the human mind * Big Issue *By the end of her journey Helen Thomson had certainly persuaded me to see the world differently * Observer *

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Book Synopsis1 Morphology of Myelin and Myelination.- 2 Diffraction Studies of Molecular Organization and Membrane Interactions in Myelin.- 3 Molecular Organization of Myelin.- 4 Physiological Basis of Conduction in Myelinated Nerve Fibers.- 5 Isolation and Characterization of Myelin.- 6 Proteins of Myelin.- 7 Metabolism of Myelin.- 8 The Neuropathology of Myelin Diseases.- 9 The Neurology of Myelin Diseases.- 10 Pathophysiology of Conduction in Dernyelinated Nerve Fibers.- 11 Chemical Pathology of Diseases Involving Myelin.- 12 Immunological Responses to Myelin and Myelin Components.- 13 Model Systems for Study of Perturbations of Myelin Metabolism.- 14 Animal Models of Genetic Disorders of Myelin.Table of Contents1 Morphology of Myelin and Myelination.- 2 Diffraction Studies of Molecular Organization and Membrane Interactions in Myelin.- 3 Molecular Organization of Myelin.- 4 Physiological Basis of Conduction in Myelinated Nerve Fibers.- 5 Isolation and Characterization of Myelin.- 6 Proteins of Myelin.- 7 Metabolism of Myelin.- 8 The Neuropathology of Myelin Diseases.- 9 The Neurology of Myelin Diseases.- 10 Pathophysiology of Conduction in Dernyelinated Nerve Fibers.- 11 Chemical Pathology of Diseases Involving Myelin.- 12 Immunological Responses to Myelin and Myelin Components.- 13 Model Systems for Study of Perturbations of Myelin Metabolism.- 14 Animal Models of Genetic Disorders of Myelin.

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Book SynopsisRevitalize Your Brain, Reclaim Your Mental Energy Everyone knows the feeling after a long day—it's difficult to concentrate, make challenging decisions, or empathize with others. We live in a chronically exhausted society, and the capacity of our brains is limited. For years, the span of our mental battery has been shrinking. Lack of exercise, poor nutrition, harmful substances in the environment, lack of or harmful social interaction, and constant digital bombardment are a part of life that are not in accordance with our nature, and the result is a declining performance of our brain. In The Exhausted Brain, ​Dr. Michael Nehls uncovers the source of our mental energy. He reveals where our 'brain battery' is located, what function it serves within our brain, and what this means for our thinking. Dr. Nehls describes the disastrous consequences a shrinking mental battery can have for us, our society, and future generations—and how we can counteract it.

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Book SynopsisFrom Neuron to Brain, Sixth Edition, provides a readable, up-to-date book for use in undergraduate, graduate, and medical school courses in neuroscience. As in previous editions, the emphasis is on experiments made by electrical recordings, molecular and cellular biological techniques, and behavioral studies on the nervous system, from simple reflexes to cognitive functions. Lines of research are followed from the inception of an idea to new findings being made in laboratories and clinics today. From Neuron to Brain will be of interest to anyone--with or without a specialized background in biological sciences--who is curious about the workings of the nervous system.Trade ReviewFrom Neuron to Brain provides the best available coverage of topics for my course, in a format and level of detail that is appropriate for advanced undergraduates. * Stephen Meriney, University of Pittsburgh *From Neuron to Brain contextualizes neuroscience through experimental findings. It allows students to explore neuroscience through the rich stories of experimental discovery * which is a much richer and more fulfilling way to be introduced to the field.J. David Spafford, University of Waterloo *<"Many textbooks are a catalog of discovered facts. From Neuron to Brain contextualizes neuroscience through experimental findings. Students explore neuroscience through the rich stories of experimental discovery. It is a much richer and fulfilling way to be introduced to the field.>" — J. David Spafford, University of Waterloo<"I like using From Neuron to Brain for this introductory neurobiology course, because it covers many topics of my course very well, especially the basic principles of electrical and chemical signaling along with the corresponding techniques. It is a reasonable length and is not as large as Principles of Neural Science by Kandel et al.>" — Daniel M. Suter, Purdue UniversityTable of ContentsPart I: Introduction to the Nervous System 1.Principles of Signaling and Organization 2.Signaling in the Visual System 3. Functional Architecture of the Visual Cortex Part II: Electrical Properties of Neurons and Glia 4. Ion Channels and Signaling 5. Structure of Ion Channels 6. Ionic Basis of the Resting Potential 7. Ionic Basis of the Action Potential 8. Electrical Signaling in Neurons 9. Ion Transport across Cell Membranes 10. Properties and Functions of Neuroglial Cells Part III: Intercellular Communication 11. Mechanisms of Direct Synaptic Transmission 12. Indirect Mechanisms of Synaptic Transmission 13.Release of Neurotransmitters at Synapses 14. Neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System 15. Transmitter Synthesis, Storage, Transport, and Inactivation 16. Synaptic Plasticity 17. The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Synaptic Plasticity 18. Mechanisms of Extrasynaptic Transmission Part IV: Integrative Mechanisms 19. Autonomic Nervous System 20. Walking, Flying, and Swimming: Cellular Mechanisms of Sensory-motor Behavior in Invertebrates Part V: Sensation 21. Sensory Transduction 22. Transduction and Transmission in the Retina 23. Touch, Pain, and Texture Sensation 24. Auditory and Vestibular Sensation 25. Constructing Perception 26. Initiation and Control of Coordinated Muscular Movements Part VI: Development and Regeneration of the Nervous System 27. Development of the Nervous System 28. Critical Periods in Sensory Systems 29. Regeneration and Repair of Synaptic Connections after Injury Part VII: Conclusion 30. Open Questions Appendix A. Current Flow in Electrical Circuits Appendix B. Metabolic Pathways for the Synthesis and Inactivation of Low-Molecular-Weight Transmitters Appendix C. Structures and Pathways of the Brain

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Book SynopsisThe brain is considered the most complex structure in all of creation. But recent discoveries in neuroscience are now revealing the inner secrets of the brain - how it works, why it makes us who we are and what happens when it goes wrong. This cutting-edge and comprehensive guide explains why the human brain became so clever; how it controls everything from breathing, sleeping and seeing to identity, imagination, pleasure and pain; and what will happen when the brain integrates with computers or the latest genetic discoveries. Award-winning science writer Rita Carter also demystifies amnesia, multiple personalities, psychopathy, dreaming, hallucinations, addiction, autism, dyslexia, schizophrenia, dementia, and numerous other conditions of the mind.The Brain in Minutes covers: the origin and anatomy of the brain; control of the body; mood and emotions; perception; consciousness; memory and learning; personality; intelligence and other higher functions; language; strange states of the mind; malfunctions, disease and treatments; and the future of the brain. It also includes 200 high-tech scans, images and diagrams that detail and explain the structure and workings of the amazing human brain.

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Book SynopsisWhy are ignorant people so confident? How do politicians utilize conflation to influence groups? Why do scientists fall for similar mistakes? How is complexity managed? Why does culture effortlessly shape what we can do? This book argues: Because of approximations! Incompleteness pervades our interactions with the world. Its effects on individual and group behaviors can foster creativity or create invisible prisons. We navigate incompleteness with approximations and, too often, end up on the ‘dark side’. This book resembles a tourist’s trip much more than a scientist’s expedition, and is for anyone interested in a broader understanding of an individual’s mental life and how identities, incompletenesses, and social contexts shape it. As we examine approximations and think about their origins and the problems they can create, the reader will encounter glimpses from physics, biology, philosophy of science, management, marketing, politics, systems theory, fuzzy logic, geometry, design and creativity, culture, and neuro-science and more... Fuzzy on the Dark Side is a book about incompleteness, creativity, thinking, identities, and systems. Roughly - it is an approximation of the 'Approximate Thinking' super idea.

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Book SynopsisCognitive neuropsychology seeks to understand impairments of specific cognitive functions in relation to a model of normal cognitive processing. The conclusions drawn from the study of abnormal processes are in turn used in the development and testing of theories of normal cognition. First published in 1988, this seminal book represented an attempt to synthesize and systematize progress in the study of cognitive neuropsychology and therefore provides an important snapshot of the field at the time. In addition to reviewing different forms of impairment and discussing their implications for theories of normal function, this book also examines the empirical and theoretical foundations of the subject including the use of single-case studies and the assumptions that must be made about the mind and brain.This classic edition marks 25 years in print, and includes a brand new introduction written by the authors, Ellis and Young. The Augmented Edition of Human Cognitive Neuropsychology published in 1997 is also still available. This classic edition will be important reading for students of cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology.Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Classic Edition. Preface to the 1988 Edition. What is Cognitive Neuropsychology? Object Recognition. Visual and Spatial Abilities. Face Processing. Producing Spoken Words. Recognising and Understanding Spoken Words. Reading: And a Compostie Model for Word Recognition and Production. Further Language and Communication Processes. Memory.

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Book SynopsisAbout 90% of people have faith in a supreme being, but our yearning for the divine, and whatever it promises, involves a large divergence in mental states and behaviors. Some adhere to doctrine, supplication, and fastidious religious practices; others have a strong sense they are part of something greater and more universal. However, all religious and spiritual paths are mediated by complex brain networks. When different areas of the brain are stimulated, a person can have a variety of experiences, but there is no specific ‘God spot’ where stimulation enhances religiosity or spirituality. Functional brain imaging shows that there are specific areas of the brain that ‘light up’ when subjects perform certain religious activities, but imaging only provides anatomic correlations, not functional explanations.The Believer's Brain takes a step beyond these singular methodologies, providing converging evidence from a variety study methods of how humans’ brain networks mediate different aspects of religious and spiritual beliefs, feelings, actions, and experiences.Although the book reveals how our brain is the home to the religious and spiritual mind, understanding this gift will not diminish our spirituality or our love or our belief in a supreme being, but will increase appreciation of the apparatus that mediates these mental states. Trade Review"This book is a remarkable exploration of science and religious belief. The authors have put together a magnificent volume." -Bruce Miller, Ph.D., University of California, San Francisco "The Believer’s Brain will be of particular interest to readers who have a general interest in understanding basic neurological foundations that may be related to spiritual experiences. The book will also interest those who want to learn about the intersection between the neurosciences and humanities." - Brick Johnstone, PsycCRITIQUESTable of Contents1. Introduction: A World of Believers. 2. Beliefs: How Our Brains Are Molded and Beliefs Become Ingrained. 3. More Than Me: How We Sense and Feel Beyond The Self. 4. Left Brain-Right Brain, Spiritual and More. 5. Suspending Disbelief: The Ability to Believe. 6. The Brain Does Some Peculiar Things: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Religiosity. 7. Circle the Wagons: Depression, Fear and Aggression. 8. The Genius Beyond Religious Fundamentalism. 9. Our Spirituality: Beyond You. 10. The Greatest Fear.

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Book SynopsisDementia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s are becoming an increasingly important cause of medical and social concern due to the growth in the ageing population. Mechanisms and Metal Involvement in Neurodegenerative Diseases delivers in one volume a streamlined source of information on each of the main neurodegenerative diseases including mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Freiderich's ataxia, prion disease, multiple sclerosis and alcoholic brain damage. Each chapter is structured to give the definition of disease, proteins involved with structure of normal protein and abnormal proteins, pathology associated with the abnormal proteins, oxidative stress and inflammation, iron homeostatic mechanisms, primary neurotransmitter involved, other metal involvement and therapeutic strategies. Structures of the adherent protein involved in the disease process are also presented with emphasis on the chemical structures used in the treatment of each neurodegenerative disease together with their biochemical mode of action. Written by acknowledged experts in their respective areas this new book provides readers with readily accessible information on each of the neurodegenerative diseases.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Mild cognitive impairment; Parkinson's Disease; Alzheimer's Disease; Freiderich's Ataxia; Prion Disese; Multiple Sclerosis; Alcoholic brain damage;

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Book Synopsis'Did you hear Amy has heartbreak?! What bad luck to catch it right at the end of winter.' When Ziella Bryars was in the midst of heartbreak, a conversation with her neuroscientist best friend changed everything. Frustrated by unhelpful advice from magazines and rom-coms, Ziella began diving deep into the latest scientific research to help her understand the pain of heartbreak and find a route to recovery. This warm and witty self-help book outlines the impact a relationship break-up has on our brains and bodies, and explores how a science-based approach can help us heal. Ziella passes on what she learned about how a broken heart can affect everything from our sleep to our digestion; how rejection is represented in the brain in the same way as physical pain; how the brain processes loss; and how a break-up can trigger addiction-like withdrawal symptoms - plus tips for counteracting heartbreak and moving on to acceptance.

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Book SynopsisThe power of gender difference, not gender equality, is a secret source for success. Some smart businesses are starting to wake up to this fact. This book explores why and how. Properly valuing brain gender diversity in the workplace is one of the biggest and largely untapped sources of competitive advantage for modern businesses. Recent advances in neuroscience provide the key to unlocking it. Modern research shows that there are gender-based differences in the brain – it’s just not as simple as a binary between a ‘male brain’ and ‘female brain’. In fact, our brains are like a mosaic where many of the tiles are available in thousands of shades on a spectrum between pink and blue. The problem is that our workplaces tend to be governed by structures, processes and cultures that are practically pure blue. All the brains in the business that are elsewhere on the spectrum cannot thrive as they might, so sources of productivity, creativity and agility go untapped. Anyone who manages people needs to understand how the brain works and the impact it has on how people work together as teams. Anyone who wants to unlock the talent and productivity of all of their people needs to understand how recent findings around male- and female-type brains should shape the way they manage. Leading applied neuroscientists and international corporate coaches Kate Lanz and Paul Brown show you why and how to access all the brains in your business.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Brain Sex and Biological Sex.- Chapter 2 Conditions for Optimal Brain Function.- Chapter 3 Survive, Thrive and Flow.- Chapter 4 Brain-Sex Based Attention and Communication.- Chapter 5 Power, Politics and Pressure.- Chapter 6 Problem Solvers and Solution Seekers – the Difference between Intra- Compared with Inter- Neural Connectivity.- Chapter 7 The Beginnings of a New Motivational Theory, from the Engendered Brain.- Chapter 8 The Business Case for Valuing Brain Sex Difference.- Chapter 9 How to Ignite All the Brains in the Business.- Chapter 10 Exhaustion, Energy and Excellence – The Male-Female Differences.- Chapter 11 Creating the Mind of the Organisation.- Chapter 12 The New Organisational Paradigm.

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Book SynopsisThis book demonstrates how delay differential equations (DDEs) can be used to compliment the laboratory investigation of human balancing tasks. This approach is made accessible to non-specialists by comparing mathematical predictions and experimental observations. For example, the observation that a longer pole is easier to balance on a fingertip than a shorter one demonstrates the essential role played by a time delay in the balance control mechanism. Another balancing task considered is postural sway during quiet standing. With the inverted pendulum as the driver and the feedback control depending on state variables or on an internal model, the feedback can be identified by determining a critical pendulum length and/or a critical delay. This approach is used to identify the nature of the feedback for the pole balancing and postural sway examples. Motivated by the question of how the nervous system deals with these feedback control challenges, there is a discussion of ‘’microchaotic’’ fluctuations in balance control and how robust control can be achieved in the face of uncertainties in the estimation of control parameters. The final chapter suggests some topics for future research.Each chapter includes an abstract and a point-by-point summary of the main concepts that have been established. A particularly useful numerical integration method for the DDEs that arise in balance control is semi-discretization. This method is described and a MATLAB template is provided.This book will be a useful source for anyone studying balance in humans, other bipedal organisms and humanoid robots. Much of the material has been used by the authors to teach senior undergraduates in computational neuroscience and students in bio-systems, biomedical, mechanical and neural engineering. Trade Review“The book is well and balanced writing.” (Andrey Zahariev, zbMATH 1484.92001, 2022)Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Background.- 3. Pole Balancing at the Fingertip.- 4. Sensory Dead Zones: Switching Feedback.- 5. Microchaos in Balance Control.- 6. Postural Sway During Quiet Standing.- 7. Stability Radii and Uncertainty in Balance Control.- 8. Challenges for the Future.- References.- Semi-discretization Method.- Stability Radii: Some Mathematical Aspects.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThe study of the brain-mind complex has been hampered by the dichotomy between objective biological neuroscience and subjective psychological science. This book presents a new theoretical model for how to "translate" between the two, using a third language: nonlinear physics and mathematics. It illustrates how the simultaneous use of these two approaches enriches the understanding of the neural and mental realms.Table of ContentsContents Forewords: Danatella Marazziti................................................................................................ ix Alwyn Scott........................................................................................................... xi Nick Mansfield..................................................................................................... xiii David R. Hawkins............................................................................................... xvii Introduction............................................................................................................. xxi The Puzzle............................................................................................................... xxv Part I: Learning the Languages.................................................................................... 1 1. Humanity’s Search for Mind and the Subject: A Brief Review of the Evolution of Neuropsychobiology.................................................................. 3 2. An “Ideographic,” Suprapersonal Language of Rules and Universal Symbols: Alwyn Scott and Nonlinear Dynamics................................................... 15 3. A “Demotic,” First-Person Language of the Individual and the Social System: Apuleius and the Myth of Psyche................................................... 27 4. The Language of the Objective Observer: Gerald Edelman and Neurodarwinism: Antonio Damasio and the Feeling of Knowing................................................................... 33 Gerald Edelman and Neurodarwinism................................................................................................ 35 Antonio Damasio and the Feeling of Knowing................................................................................. 39 Part II: Seeking the Understanding............................................................................ 45 5. Consciousness......................................................................................................... 47 6. The Unconscious..................................................................................................... 59 7. The Database........................................................................................................... 71 8. Affectivity............................................................................................................... 79 9. The Neural/Mental Gap: Intuition, Self and Ego, a Trilingual Map........................ 91 Part III: Applying the Knowledge............................................................................. 101 10. The Three Languages and Science: A New Scientific Paradigm?........................ 103 11. The Three Languages and Treatment.................................................................... 115 12. The Psychotherapeutic Dialogue: Intersubjectivity............................................... 127 13. The Role of a New Science for Psyche Upon Society and Culture...................... 135 References........................................................................................................... 147 Name Index......................................................................................................... 151 Subject Index 153

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides students with knowledge of neurogenetics, neurogenesis, neuronal specification and function, neuronal networks, learning and memory formation, brain evolution, and neurodegenerative diseases.Students are introduced to topics of classical developmental genetics as well as modern molecular and neurogenetic methods. Using a wealth of examples from current research, the textbook takes a strong applied approach. Using animal models such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as mammalian systems, the interrelationships between genes, neurons, nervous systems, and behaviour under normal and pathological conditions are illustrated. The textbook aims encourage students to address biological questions in neurogenetics and to think about the design of their own experiments. It targets primarily master and graduate students in neurobiology, but is also a valuable teaching tool for instructors in these fields.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to neurogenetics.- Chapter 2. Neurogenetic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans.- Chapter 3. Regionalisation of the early nervous system.- Chapter 4. Early neurogenesis and gliogenesis in Drosophila.- Chapter 5. Neural stem cells and brain tumour models in Drosophila.- Chapter 6. Eye development in Drosophila: from photoreceptor specification to terminal differentiation.- Chapter 7. Neurogenetics of memory, learning and forgetting.- Chapter 8. Evolution and origins of nervous systems.- Chapter 9. Neural stem and progenitor cells in the mammalian brain.- Chapter 10. Models of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Book SynopsisThe concepts of the neuroendocrine system and the immune system emerged more or less simultaneously in the second half of the 20th century. Although these systems have a high degree of autonomy, it has also become clear that they interact in many ways and at different levels. This book focuses on the neuroendocrine and immune interactions that are fundamental to normal development and maintenance of health.The first introductory chapters are devoted to the historical and philosophical concepts within the field, as well as evolutionary considerations, offering critical interdisciplinary perspectives on the development of this field of research. Without attempting an exhaustive overview, the book then introduces some of the regulatory pathways that mediate interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems and examines modulating factors such as age and sex. In addition, several chapters address the importance of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in some disease states. Readers can expect to gain a broad perspective of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in development, health, and disease, along with a critical evaluation of current methods used in the field. Given its scope, the book is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in neuroendocrinology, neuroimmunology, and neuroscience, as well as postdoctoral fellows and established researchers seeking a comprehensive overview and historical perspective of the field of neuroendocrine-immune interactions.Table of Contents

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