History of ideas Books

Book SynopsisCabinets of Experimental Philosophy in Eighteenth-Century Europe is an ambitious contribution to the growing interest in how science came to engage the attention of a public outside the academic and professional spheres and how collections of instruments played a formative role in this development. Collections of physical instruments for research and demonstration appeared throughout Europe in the eighteenth century and the coverage of the book is correspondingly broad. While collections in different cultural and geographical locations had much in common, there were significant local modifications. The essays in this book illustrate how science, sometimes thought to be monolithic and universal, can maintain core intellectual characteristics and practical techniques while adapting to particular sites and circumstances. Contributors include: Jim Bennett, Sofia Talas, Huib J. Zuidervaart, Hans Hooijmaijers, Ad Maas, Tiemen Cocquyt, Inga Elmqvist Söderlund, Paola Bertucci, Marta C. Lourenço, David Felismino, Ivano Dal Prete, Ewa Wyka, Martin Weiss, and Paolo Brenni.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction Jim Bennett, Sofia Talas Colour Plates I-XIII Cabinets for Experimental Philosophy in the Netherlands Huib J. Zuidervaart Entrepreneurs in Experiments: The Leiden Cabinet of Physics and the Motives of its Founders (1675-1742) Hans Hooijmaijers, Ad Maas New Light on the Cabinet of Physics of Padua Sofia Talas The Lost Cabinet of Experimental Philosophy of the University of Oxford Jim Bennett Failure, Fraud, and Instrument Cabinets: Academic Involvement in the Eighteenth-Century Dutch Water Crisis Tiemen Cocquyt The Cabinet of Physics at Riddarhuset in Stockholm in the Eighteenth Century Inga Elmqvist Söderlund Designing the House of Knowledge in Eighteenth-century Naples: The Ephemeral Museum of Ferdinando Spinelli, Prince of Tarsia Paola Bertucci Between Teaching and Collecting: The lost Cabinet of Physics of Princes José and João of Portugal (1777-1808) Marta C. Lourenço, David Felismino The Gazola Family’s Scientific Cabinet: Politics, Society and Scientific Collecting in the Twilight of the Republic of Venice Ivano Dal Prete Collections of Experimental Natural Philosophy in Eighteenth-century Poland Ewa Wyka “Monuments of Science”: How the Teyler Museum’s Instrument Collection Became Historical Martin Weiss The Physics Cabinet of the Istituto Tecnico Toscano Paolo Brenni General Index

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Book SynopsisThe volume explores the hitherto uncharted late medieval religious landscape of Northern Germany, from 13th-century Helfta to the 15th-century Lüneburg convents. The mystical and devotional writing of Northern Germany is contextualised through chapters on the Netherlands, Scandinavia and East Prussia. The seminal influence of the liturgy on these texts and their transmission is revealed in the creative interplay of Latin and Low German. Through the individual chapters and their appendices, which also contain translations into English, the reader can access a wealth of texts produced by communities of religious and lay women who write learnedly in Latin and fervently in Low German. Together, the chapters and appendices reveal a fascinating regional "mystical culture" which also reverberated across Northern Europe. Contributors include: Jürgen Bärsch, Anne Bollmann, Veerle Fraeters, Ulrike Hascher-Burger, Ernst Hellgardt, Tanja Mattern, Balazs Nemes, Sara S. Poor, Eva Schlotheuber, Almut Suerbaum, and Geert Warnar.Table of ContentsPreface List of Contributors List of Maps List of Illustrations List of Textual Appendices to the Chapters 1 Introduction: Mysticism and Devotion in Northern Germany Elizabeth Andersen, Henrike Lähnemann and Anne Simon 2 Liturgy and Reform: Northern German Convents in the Late Middle Ages Jürgen Bärsch Part One Beginnings and Formations—Mystical Culture and the Helfta Circle 3 Hadewijch of Brabant and the Beguine Movement Veerle Fraeters 4 Transmission and Impact: Mechthild of Magdeburg’s Das fließende Licht der Gottheit Sara S. Poor 5 Text Production and Authorship: Gertrude of Helfta’s Legatus divinae pietatis Balázs J. Nemes 6 Latin and the Vernacular: Mechthild of Magdeburg— Mechthild of Hackeborn—Gertrude of Helfta Ernst Hellgardt Part Two Transmission, Transformation and Exchange—Devotional Culture and the Lüneburg Convents 7 Prelude: Northern Circulation of Fourteenth-Century Mystical Texts Geert Warnar 8 An Urban Housewife as a Saint for Prussia: Dorothea of Montau and Johannes Marienwerder Almut Suerbaum 9 Birgitta of Sweden in Northern Germany: Translation, Transmission and Reception Elizabeth Andersen 10 The Influence of the Devotio Moderna in Northern Germany Anne Bollmann 11 Religious Song and Devotional Culture in Northern Germany Ulrike Hascher-Burger 12 Liturgy and Performance in Northern Germany: Two Easter Plays from Wienhausen Tanja Mattern 13 Bilingual Devotion in Northern Germany: Prayer Books from the Lüneburg Convents Henrike Lähnemann 14 Intellectual Horizons: Letters from a Northern German Convent Eva Schlotheuber Illustrations Bibliography Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisCommentaries played an important role in the transmission of the classical heritage. Early modern intellectuals rarely read classical authors in a simple and “direct” form, but generally via intermediary paratexts, especially all kinds of commentaries. Commentaries presented the classical texts in certain ways that determined and guided the readers’ perception and usages of the texts being commented upon. Early modern commentaries shaped not only school and university education and professional scholarship, but also intellectual and cultural life in the broadest sense, including politics, religion, art, entertainment, health care, geographical discoveries etc., and even various professional activities and segments of life that were seemingly far removed from scholarship and learning, such as warfare and engineering. Contributors include: Susanna de Beer, Valéry Berlincourt, Marijke Crab, Jeanine De Landtsheer, Karl Enenkel, Gergő Gellérfi, Trine Arlund Hass, Ekaterina Ilyushechkina, Ronny Kaiser, Marc Laureys, Christoph Pieper, Katharina Suter-Meyer, and Floris Verhaart.Trade Review“The real tour de force in the volume is the ninety-four-page essay of its editor, Karl Enenkel, who also wrote the grant to the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research that supported five of the authors ... Enenkel argues (quite convincingly) that illustrations to early modern printed editions can also serve as a kind of commentary … We owe thanks to him for the vision and hard work that has produced what is considerably more on the scholarly level than just another set of conference papers, and to Brill for producing a well-printed volume that is enriched with dozens of illustrations (over forty in Enenkel’s article alone).” Craig Kallendorf, Texas A&M University. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Winter 2014), pp. 1303-1305. “enormously helpful … beautifully presented, well-made … an excellent collection of thoughtful and stimulating essays.” Jon Balserak, University of Bristol. In: Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 46, No. 2 (2015), pp. 430-431.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ......................................................................................... vii Notes on the Editor ......................................................................................... ix Notes on the Contributors ............................................................................ xi List of Illustrations ........................................................................................... xv Introduction – The Transformation of the Classics. Practices, Forms, and Functions of Early Modern Commenting .................... 1 . Karl A.E. Enenkel POETRY Horace and Ramist Dialectics: Pierre Gaultier Chabot’s (1516–1598?) Commentaries ..................................................................... 15 . Floris B. Verhaart Changing Metatexts and Changing Poetic Ideals .................................. 47 . Trine Arlund Hass Horaz als Schulfibel und als elitärer Gründungstext des deutschen Humanismus. Die illustrierte Horazausgabe des Jakob Locher (1498) .............................................................................................................. 61 . Christoph Pieper Petrus Nannius als Philologe und Literaturkritiker im Lichte seines Kommentars zur Ars Poetica des Horaz .............................................. 91 . Marc Laureys Scholarly Polemic: Bartolomeo Fonzio’s Forgotten Commentary on Juvenal ..................................................................................................... 111 . Gergő Gellérfi Commenting on Claudian’s ‘Political Poems’, 1612/1650 ...................... 125 . ValÉry Berlincourt HISTORY AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY Josse Bade’s Familiaris Commentarius on Valerius Maximus (1510): A School Commentary? ............................................................................ 153 . Marijke Crab Illustrations as Commentary and Readers’ Guidance. The Transformation of Cicero’s De Officiis into a German Emblem Book by Johann von Schwarzenberg, Heinrich Steiner, and Christian Egenolff (1517–1520; 1530/1531; 1550) ........................... 167 . Karl A.E. Enenkel Understanding National Antiquity. Transformations of Tacitus’s Germania in Beatus Rhenanus’s Commentariolus ............................ 261 . Ronny Kaiser Annotating Tacitus: The Case of Justus Lipsius ..................................... 279 . Jeanine De Landtsheer NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY The Survival of Pliny in Padua. Transforming Classical Scholarship during the Botanical Renaissance ......................................................... 329 . Susanna de Beer Elephants and Bears through the Eyes of Scholars: A Case Study of Pliny’s Zoology in the 15th–16th Centuries .................................... 363 . Ekaterina Ilyushechkina Frühneuzeitliche Landesbeschreibung in einer antiken Geographie – Der Rhein aus persönlicher Perspektive in Vadians Kommentar zu Pomponius Mela (1522) .............................. 389 . Katharina Suter-Meyer Index Nominum ............................................................................................... 411

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Book SynopsisMany students of memory assume that the practice of memory changed dramatically around 1800; this volume shows that there was much continuity as well as change. Premodern ways of negotiating memories of pain and loss, for instance, were indeed quite different to those in the modern West. Yet by examining memory practices and drawing on evidence from early modern England, France, Germany, Ireland, Hungary, the Low Countries and Ukraine, the case studies in this volume highlight the extent to which early modern memory was already a multimedia affair, with many political uses, and affecting stakeholders at all levels of society. Contributors include: Andreas Bähr, Philip Benedict, Susan Broomhall, Sarah Covington, Brecht Deseure, Sean Dunwoody, Marianne Eekhout, Gabriela Erdélyi, Dagmar Freist, Katharine Hodgkin, Jasmin Kilburn-Toppin, Erika Kuijpers, Johannes Müller, Ulrich Niggemann, Alexandr Osipian, Judith Pollmann, Benjamin Schmidt, Jasper van der SteenTrade Review‘’This is […] a valuable contribution to the genre of memory studies’’. Brian G. H. Ditcham, University of Gillingham. In: Sixteenth Century Journal, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2014, p. 752.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Contributors List of Illustrations Introduction. On the Early Modernity of Modern Memory . Judith Pollmann and Erika Kuijpers PART I — MEMORY POLITICS AND MEMORY WARS 1. The Usable Past in the Lemberg Armenian Community’s Struggle for Equal Rights, 1578–1654 Alexandr Osipian 2. A Contested Past. Memory Wars during the Twelve Years Truce (1609–21) Jasper van der Steen 3. ‘You Will See Who They Are that Revile, and Lessen Your Glorious Deliverance’. The ‘Memory War’ about the ‘Glorious Revolution’ Ulrich Niggemann 4. Civic and Confessional Memory in Conflict. Augsburg in the Sixteenth Century Sean F. Dunwoody 5. Tales of a Peasant Revolt. Taboos and Memories of 1514 in Hungary Gabriella Erdélyi 6. Shaping the Memory of the French Wars of Religion. The First Centuries Philip Benedict PART II — MEDIALITY 7. Celebrating a Trojan Horse. Memories of the Dutch Revolt in Breda, 1590–1650 Marianne Eekhout 8. ‘The Odious Demon from Across the Sea’. Oliver Cromwell, Memory and the Dislocations of Ireland Sarah Covington 9. Material Memories of the Guildsmen. Crafting Identities in Early Modern London . Jasmine Kilburn-Toppin 10. Between Storytelling and Patriotic Scripture. The Memory Brokers of the Dutch Revolt Erika Kuijpers 11. Lost in Time and Space? Glocal Memoryscapes in the Early Modern World Dagmar Freist 12. The Spaces of Memory and their Transmediations. On the Lives of Exotic Images and their Material Evocations Benjamin Schmidt PART III — PERSONAL MEMORY 13. Disturbing Memories. Narrating Experiences and Emotions of Distressing Events in the French Wars of Religion Susan Broomhall 14. Remembering Fear. The Fear of Violence and the Violence of Fear in Seventeenth-Century War Memories Andreas Bähr 15. Permeable Memories. Family History and the Diaspora of Southern Netherlandish Exiles in the Seventeenth Century Johannes Müller 16. Women, Memory and Family History in Seventeenth-Century England Katharine Hodgkin 17. The Experience of Rupture and the History of Memory Brecht Deseure and Judith Pollmann Index

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Book SynopsisCollectors’ Knowledge: What is Kept, What is Discarded investigates how organized knowledge was acquired, shaped, and lost. Case studies examine collections of texts and objects from the thirteenth to the twentieth centuries–from libraries to royal and ducal treasures. Collectors’ Knowledge: What Is Kept, What Is Discarded – Aufbewahren oder wegwerfen – wie Sammler entscheiden fragt, wie Wissen erworben und geformt wurde oder verloren ging. Fallstudien untersuchen Sammlungen von Texten und Objekten vom dreizehnten bis zwanzigsten Jahrhundert, von Bibliotheken zu herrschaftlichen Schätzen.Table of ContentsPreface – Vorwort Acknowledgements – Danksagungen INTRODUCTION – EINLEITUNG Questions Framing the Research – Fragen an das Forschungsgebiet, Anja-Silvia Goeing, Anthony T. Grafton, Paul Michel PHENOMENOLOGY – PHÄNOMENOLOGIE Erzählen und Sammeln: einige phänomenologische Erwägungen, Wilhelm Schmidt-Biggemann NON-WESTERN CONTEXTS – NICHTWESTLICHE KONTEXTE Coining the Essentials: Arabic Encyclopaedias and Anthologies of the Pre-modern Period, Ulrich Marzolph Die Hoheit über die Erinnerung – Der Herrscher und das Erinnern in China, Marc Winter MIDDLE AGES AND TRANSITIONS TO EARLY MODERN TIMES – MITTELALTER UND ÜBERGÄNGE ZUR FRÜHEN NEUZEIT Lethe and ‘Delete’ – Discarding the Past in the Early Middle Ages: The case of Fredegar, Gerald Schwedler Changing Representations of Botany in Encyclopaedias from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, Iolanda Ventura ‘I wasted time, and now doth time waste me’: Chronologers as Collectors, Anthony T. Grafton Kollektionskataloge des Heiligen: Reliquiensammlungen im Bild, Livia Cárdenas Humanistisches Weltwissen: Die Lectionum antiquarum libri des Caelius Rhodiginus, Jürgen Leonhardt EARLY MODERN TIMES – FRÜHE NEUZEIT Storing to Know: Konrad Gessner’s De Anima and the Relationship between Textbooks and Citation Collections in Sixteenth-Century Europe, Anja-Silvia Goeing Wissensdynamik an Hand von Lehrmitteln im katechetischen Unterricht, Jürgen Oelkers Getilgtes Wissen: Gotthard Heideggers Über¬arbeitung der »Acerra philologica«, Paul Michel Forming and Displaying a Collection in the Age of the Enlightenment: The Case of Esprit Calvet, Laurence Brockliss 19TH TO 21ST CENTURIES – 19.-21. JAHRHUNDERT Fallstricke des Wissens: die Überlieferung der materiellen Kultur im Spiegel des Geschichtsbildes, François de Capitani (†) Museums by Commerce, Museums of Commerce, Museums for Commerce, Steven Conn Kaum ein Wort: Tabuisierung von Inhalten und Fokussierung auf die Disziplin als Strategien der Wissensverarbeitung, Monika T. Wicki The Losses of the Music Collection of the Hessische Landesbibliothek in Darmstadt in 1944: A Case Study on the Failure to Safeguard Historical Library Holdings, Nicola Schneider RESPONSE Response, Stephen Bann EPILOGUE: THE PRESENCE OF MEMORY – EPILOG: DIE GEGENWART DER ERINNERUNG Public Attic – ausgestellter speicher, Janet Grau Selected Bibliography – Auswahlbibliographie Picture and Table Index – Bild- und Tabellennachweis Notes on Contributors – Über die Beiträger Name Index – Namensregister

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Book SynopsisWegen des großen Anteils an Einzelkorrespondenten in Bucers Briefwechsel von September 1532 bis Juni 1533 versammelt dieser Band eine Vielzahl von Anliegen. Bucer soll etwa bei Stellenbesetzungen vermitteln, für säumige Schuldner eintreten, seine exegetischen Werke zusenden, einen Trostbrief schreiben, zur Visitation kommen, mittellosen Autoren zum Druck ihrer Bücher verhelfen oder schlicht Fürbitte einlegen.Trade Review“The volume is meticulously edited, with introductions in German and in French […]. There is a chronological list of letters and an alphabetical list of correspondents, as well as a series of indexes, including identifying information for the correspondents. Altogether the volume, like those that precede it, is a treasure for scholars of the Reformation.” Laurel Carrington, St. Olaf College. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 68, No. 4 (Winter 2015), pp. 1461-1462. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever – ein solches Zitat mag übertrieben erscheinen, wenn es um die Anzeige einer Edition von frühneuzeitlichen Briefen geht. In diesem Falle jedoch sieht sich der Rezensent durchaus zu einer Eloge und der Bekundung von herzerwärmender Freude veranlaßt. […] Man wünschte sich, daß das entsagungsvolle Geschäft des Edierens stets so professionell betrieben würde!” Elisabeth Stein, Bergische Universität Wuppertal. In: Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, Jg. 45 (2016), p. 29.

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Book SynopsisThe Dutch-German Communist Left, represented by the German KAPD-AAUD, the Dutch KAPN and the Bulgarian Communist Workers Party, separated from the Comintern (1921) on questions like electoralism, trade-unionism, united fronts, the one-party state and anti-proletarian violence. It attracted the ire of Lenin, who wrote his Left Wing Communism, An Infantile Disorder against the Linkskommunismus, while Herman Gorter wrote a famous response in his pamphlet Reply to Lenin. The present volume provides the most substantial history to date of this tendency in the twentieth-century Communist movement. It covers how the Communist left, with the KAPD-AAU, denounced 'party communism' and 'state capitalism' in Russia; how the German left survived after 1933 in the shape of the Dutch GIK and Paul Mattick’s councils movement in the USA; and also how the Dutch Communistenbond Spartacus continued to fight after 1942 for the world power of the workers councils, as theorised by Pannekoek in his book Workers’ Councils (1946).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ... ix Illustrations ... xi Introduction ... 1 Part 1: From Tribunism to Communism (1900–18) 1 Origins and Formation of the ‘Tribunist’ Current (1900–14) ... 11 2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’ Marxism in the Second International ... 82 3 The Dutch Tribunist Current and the First World-War (1914–18) ... 132 Part 2: The Dutch Communist Left and the World-Revolution (1919–27) 4 The Dutch Left in the Comintern (1919–20) ... 177 5 Gorter, the kapd and the Foundation of the Communist Workers’ International (1921–7) ... 226 Part 3: The gic from 1927 to 1940 Introduction to Part 3: The Group of International Communists: From Left-Communism to Council-Communism ... 277 6 The Birth of the gic (1927–33) ... 292 7 Towards a New Workers’ Movement? The Record of Council-Communism (1933–5) ... 327 8 Towards State-Capitalism: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, Democracy, Stalinism, Popular Fronts and the ‘Inevitable War’ (1933–9) ... 380 9 The Dutch Internationalist Communists and the Events in Spain (1936–7) ... 407 Part 4: Council-Communism during and after the War (1939–68) 10 From the ‘Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg Front’ to the Communistenbond Spartacus (1940–42) ... 431 11 The Communistenbond Spartacus and the Council-Communist Current (1942–68) ... 456 Conclusion ... 517 Works Cited ... 533 Further Reading ... 550 Addresses of Archival Centres ... 614 Acronyms ... 615 Index ... 622

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Book SynopsisOver the course of thirty years, Hermann Samuel Reimarus (1694-1768) secretly drafted what would become the most thorough attack on revelation to date, ushering the quest for the historical Jesus and foreshadowing the religious criticism of the new atheism of the twentieth century. Peeling away the layers of Reimarus’s radical work by looking at hitherto unpublished manuscript evidence, Ulrich Groetsch shows that the Radical Enlightenment was more than just an international philosophical movement. By demonstrating the importance philology, antiquarianism, and Semitic languages played in Reimarus’s upbringing, scholarship, and teaching, this new study provides a vivid portrayal of an Enlightenment radical at the cusp of the secular age, whose debt to earlier traditions of scholarship remains undisputed.Trade Review“engrossing … Anyone interested in the German Enlightenment should read this fine book”. Joachim Whaley, Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge. In: Erudition and the Republic of Letters, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2017), pp. 230-232.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations Note to the Reader and List of Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1 From Protégé to Peer: Reimarus at the Hamburg School of Polyhistors Chapter 2 Among Pagans and Hebrews: Teaching Jewish Antiquities in Eighteenth-Century Hamburg Chapter 3 Jean Le Clerc’s Faithful Pupil: Reimarus Encounters the Profane Chapter 4 Reimarus, the Cardinal, and the Remaking of Cassius Dio’s Roman History Chapter 5 How Reimarus Read His Bible Chapter 6 The Miraculous Crossing of the Red Sea: What Lessing and His Opponents during the Fragmentenstreit Did Not See Afterthoughts Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources Index

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Book SynopsisHugo Grotius (1583-1645) is the most famous humanist scholar of the Dutch Golden Age. He wrote influential works on the laws of war and peace, Dutch history and the unification of the churches. His plea for a freedom of the seas in Mare liberum offered the Dutch East India Company a ready justification for the establishment of a trading empire in the East Indies. As far as his daily duties left him any spare time, he penned confidential, learned and beautifully-written letters. This voluminous correspondence offers a trove of information on Grotius’ life and works, and forms the basis of his newest biography which sketches a life caught in a fierce struggle for peace in Church and State.Trade ReviewAWARDS The Dutch version of this biography, Hugo de Groot, een leven in strijd om de vrede (Amsterdam: 2007) was awarded two literary prizes: the ‘Litteraire Witte Prijs’ by Sociëteit de Witte (The Hague) in 2008 and the ‘Henriëtte de Beaufort Prijs’ by the Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Leiden) in 2010. ‘As a comprehensive study of the extensive life records of one of the major figures of late humanist intellectual, political and religious culture, it sets a daunting benchmark. […] this book […] can already be ranked alongside the best studies of the seventeenth-century republic of letters, and selections from it would serve as an outstanding introduction to late humanism for advanced undergraduates or graduate students.’ Nicholas Hardy (Trinity College), in: Journal of early modern history 20 (2016), pp 497-499. ‘this book is the standard that any future studies of Grotius must consult’ Keith D. Stanglin (Austin Graduate School of Theology), in: Church History and Religious Culture 96 (2016), pp. 208-209. ‘Nellen gives us a comprehensive and detailed biography of this complex and important figure. Originally published in Dutch, this English translation makes Grotius’s ideas and writings accessible and explicable to a wider audience. In particular, Nellen superbly explains the substance of the religious disputes that absorbed Protestants across Europe in the seventeenth century and elucidates their political dimensions both in the Netherlands and internationally. […] Anyone researching Grotius, Grotian ideas, and the early history of the Netherlands will find this an immensely useful work. Readers in other fields, principally the history of seventeenth-century religious conflicts in Europe and early modern political theory, will also find this a valuable source of information.’ Deborah Baumgold (University of Oregon), in: Renaissance Quarterly 69, No.1 (2016), pp. 315-316.Table of ContentsPreface ... xiii List of Illustrations ... xvi Notes on the Illustrations ... xx 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1 Hugo de Groot: A World-Famous Scholar ... 1 A Biography ... 2 Some Main Lines: A Troubled Triangular Relationship ... 7 Terminology ... 13 2 CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH (1583-99) ... 14 Ancestry ... 14 Grotius’ Earliest Childhood ... 24 Grotius as a Student ... 33 The French Journey (1598) ... 44 3 ON THE WAY TO ADULTHOOD (1599-1607) ... 53 Scholarly Activities, Relations with Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ... 53 Leiden Friends: Heinsius, Meursius and Baudius ... 61 Grotius and Simon Stevin ... 67 ‘De republica emendanda’ ... 71 Advocate in The Hague; Relations with Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 73 The Bankruptcy of Jan de Groot ... 82 Family Life ... 88 4 ADVOCATE-FISCAL (1607-13) ... 91 De iure praedae as a Step towards the Advocate-Fiscalship ... 91 Grotius as Advocate-Fiscal ... 94 Maria van Reigersberch ... 97 Peace or Truce? ... 102 Mare liberum and De antiquitate ... 106 Administrative Duties ... 112 Relationship with the Stadholder Maurice ... 116 A Poem for Hendrik Delmanhorst ... 118 Leiden Friends: Scaliger, Baudius and Heinsius ... 120 5 A BUDDING POLITICIAN (1609-13) ... 124 The Troubles of the Truce Years ... 124 The Death of Jacobus Arminius ... 127 Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 133 Conradus Vorstius ... 136 Meletius ... 137 Leiden Friends: Petrus Bertius and Petrus Cunaeus ... 143 Political Complications (1611–13) ... 147 The English Journey (1613) ... 149 Discussions with the King and Other Great Men at the English Court ... 155 Return ... 162 6 PENSIONARY OF ROTTERDAM (1613-16) ... 165 The Pensionary’s Office as a Turning Point ... 165 The Appointment ... 167 Rotterdam ... 168 Family Life ... 170 Ordinum pietas ... 171 The Aftermath ... 177 Three Letters from 1614 ... 191 Political Career ... 199 7 AN INTELLECTUAL IN A TIME OF REVOLUTION (1616-18) ... 209 Political and Scholarly Activities ... 209 Adolphus Venator, A Hunter for the Truth ... 216 Hubbub in The Hague ... 220 Troublesome Missions: Oudewater and After ... 222 De satisfactione ... 232 De imperio circa sacra ... 239 English Connections ... 244 French Policy ... 249 The Approach of the National Synod ... 251 The Denouement ... 255 8 TRIAL AND IMPRISONMENT (1618-21) ... 264 The Road to Arrest ... 264 Arrest and Imprisonment ... 268 The Trial ... 272 Loevestein ... 293 A Brother’s Services ... 298 The Escape ... 302 9 EXILE (1621-25) ... 313 Paris, A Refuge in a Turbulent World ... 313 Family Life ... 315 Grotius and the French Political Authorities ... 323 Developments in French Calvinism ... 330 Remonstrants in Exile ... 332 Disquisitio an pelagiana sint ... 335 Verantwoordingh ... 340 Grotius and Charenton ... 353 Introduction to the Learned World of Paris. The Cabinet Dupuy ... 355 The ‘fratres tergemini’ ... 363 De iure belli ac pacis ... 367 10 EXILE (1625-31) ... 380 The Change of Power in 1625 ... 380 Financial Uncertainties ... 387 Negotiations ... 392 Maria and Nicolaes van Reigersberch as Grotius’ Advocates ... 398 Exile in Practice. Grotius’ View of France ... 403 Contacts with French Arminians ... 409 A Troubled Relationship: Grotius and Daniel Heinsius ... 412 A New Friendship: Grotius and Claude Saumaise ... 416 An Old Friend: Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 418 De veritate and other Scholarly Publications ... 422 Plans for Return ... 437 11 INTERMEZZO IN HOLLAND (1631-32) ... 443 Unexpected Return ... 443 Amsterdam’s Hospitality ... 452 12 PASSING THROUGH HAMBURG: HESITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES (1632-34) ... 463 Hamburg: A Harbour of Refuge ... 463 Negotiations with Sweden ... 471 The Journey to Paris ... 477 Sophompaneas ... 478 13 FRICTION BETWEEN OFFICE, SCHOLARSHIP AND RELIGION: THE FIRST YEARS OF THE PARIS EMBASSY (1635-40) ... 486 Entree ... 486 Family Life ... 488 Grotius and John Selden ... 494 Learned Contacts ... 499 Philology: The Study of Antiquity in All Its Aspects ... 502 Grotius, Heinsius and Saumaise ... 506 The Question of Interest ... 514 Grotius and the Church of Charenton ... 517 Grotius and His Domestic Chaplain Brandan Daetri ... 524 Grotius and Socinianism ... 529 Nicolaes van Reigersberch in Debate with André Rivet ... 536 14 TOWARDS A FINAL BREACH WITH HOLLAND (1635-40) ... 541 The Diplomatic Task ... 541 The General Political Situation ... 544 Grotius’ Diplomatic Reporting ... 548 Grotius’ Relations with French Political Leaders ... 551 Grotius, William Laud and John Scudamore ... 556 Grotius and Peter Abel Schmalz ... 559 A Spoiled Relationship: Grotius and the Republic ... 563 Willem de Groot, Aspirant Pensionary ... 571 Reigersberch, Grotius and Petter Spiring Silvercrona ... 580 Once Again: The Relationship with Holland ... 586 Activities as a Publicist ... 587 15 DIPLOMACY AND EXEGESIS: THE PARIS EMBASSY (1640-44) ... 592 A New Address 592 The Cinq-Mars Affair and the Contacts with the Cabinet Dupuy 598 Grotius and the ‘Réunion des Eglises’ 602 De Antichristo 608 Printers in France and Holland 618 Grotius’ Exegesis 629 The Path to Rome 643 Grotius’ Position in the Learned World: A Homeless Intellectual 657 16 A DISAPPOINTED DIPLOMAT (1640-43) ... 661 Politics and Protocol ... 661 Hazards of the Embassy ... 669 The Swedish-Danish War ... 675 Controversy with Johan de Laet ... 683 A Brittle Friendship: Grotius and Claude Saumaise ... 690 A Long-drawn-out Controversy: Grotius and André Rivet ... 699 Contacts with the Vossii and Wtenbogaert ... 710 Final Verdict on the Paris Years ... 714 Departure from Paris ... 716 A Grass Widow ... 718 17 SWEDISH JOURNEY AND DEATH (1645) ... 720 Journey to the Republic ... 720 Grotius in Sweden ... 722 Departure from Sweden and Death at Rostock ... 725 18 ABUSE AND HONOUR ... 737 Posthumous Controversies ... 737 Grotius’ Influence in Later Centuries ... 750 19 EPILOGUE ... 759 BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 765 Manuscripts ... 765 Printed Sources, Reference Works, Abbreviations ... 765 Secondary Literature ... 776 Index of Personal Names and Works Written by Grotius ... 807 Illustration Section (colour)

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Book SynopsisIn The Portrait Bust and French Cultural Politics in the Eighteenth Century, Ronit Milano probes the rich and complex aesthetic and intellectual charge of a remarkably concise art form, and explores its role as a powerful agent of epistemological change during one of the most seismic moments in French history. The pre-Revolutionary portrait bust was inextricably tied to the formation of modern selfhood and to the construction of individual identity during the Enlightenment, while positioning both sitters and viewers as part of a collective of individuals who together formed French society. In analyzing the contribution of the portrait bust to the construction of interiority and the formulation of new gender roles and political ideals, this book touches upon a set of concerns that constitute the very core of our modernity.Trade Review"...this is a compelling book. Solidly researched and cogently argued, it provides an important corrective to the lacuna of scholarship on sculpted portrait busts in the modern era and stands as an excellent complement to recent publications on late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century portraiture" Heather Belnap Jensen, Brigham Young University, in H-France 16.15, 2016 (full review text: http://www.h-france.net/vol16reviews/vol16no15jensen.pdf) "The Portrait Bust and French Cultural Politics in the Eighteenth Century offers fresh and game-changing insights into the ways the conventions of the sculpted portrait reflected shifting values in the socio-political sphere of late eighteenth-century France. Like a skillful cryptographer, Milano has decoded the fascinating and revealing information embedded in eighteenth-century French portrait busts, long and mistakenly considered primarily decorative and descriptive. By organizing portrait busts into categories (age, gender, profession), Milano has identified subtle yet content-dense changes in portrait conventions and, more importantly, the ideas these transformations communicated to contemporary audiences. In this engagingly-written study, she clearly demonstrates that portrait busts embodied for contemporary viewers a wealth of ideas through which we can chart the dynamic development of Enlightenment thought." Michelle Facos, Indiana University-BloomingtonTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1: “He is a Philosopher”: Individual versus Collective Identity Chapter 2: Decent Exposure: Bosoms, Smiles and Maternal Delight in Female Portraits Chapter 3: Between Innocence and Disillusion: Representations of Children and Childhood Chapter 4: Transitional Identities: Family Structure, the Social Order, and Alternative Masculinities at the Dawn of Modernity Chapter 5: The Face of the Monarchy: Court Propaganda and the Portrait Bust Conclusion Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisListen, Copy, Read: Popular Learning in Early Modern Japan endeavors to elucidate the mechanisms by which a growing number of men and women of all social strata became involved in acquiring knowledge and skills during the Tokugawa period. It offers an overview of the communication media and tools that teachers, booksellers, and authors elaborated to make such knowledge more accessible to a large audience. Schools, public lectures, private academies or hand-copied or printed manuals devoted to a great variety of topics, from epistolary etiquette or personal ethics to calculation, divination or painting, are here invoked to illustrate the vitality of Tokugawa Japan’s ‘knowledge market’, and to show how popular learning relied on three types of activities: listening, copying and reading. With contributions by: W.J. Boot, Matthias Hayek, Annick Horiuchi, Michael Kinski, Koizumi Yoshinaga, Peter Kornicki, Machi Senjūrō, Christophe Marquet, Markus Rüttermann, Tsujimoto Masashi, and Wakao Masaki.Trade Review'This volume is a most welcome contribution, shedding light upon early modern learning practices in a variety of specific fields while the individual essays illustrate an overarching trend toward facilitation of self-directed study.' Matthew Fraleigh, New Asia Books, (http://www.newasiabooks.org/) 'This ambitious volume works at the nexus of three fields: book history, intellectual history, and the history of education. Scholars of early modern Japanese intellectual history and education history will find much to learn from the wealth of primary sources the volume’s contributors bring to light, and, indeed, the volume’s editors seem to have conceptualized the study specifically with these advanced audiences in mind. (..) the volume also addresses the globally comparative field of book history. One of the real delights of Listen, Copy, Read is that it brings insights from the best Japanese scholarship on this subject into conversation with vibrant scholarly discussions of reading, publishing, authorship, and learning in Europe and North America.' Charlotte Eubanks, The Journal of Japanese Studies, 43/1, (Winter 2017)

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Book SynopsisIn The Conspiracy of Modern Art the Brazilian critic and art-historian Luiz Renato Martins presents a new account of modern art from David to Abstract Expressionism. The once vibrant debate on these touchstones of modernism has gone stale. Viewed from the Sao Paulo megalopolis the art of Paris and New York - embodying Revolution, Thermidor, Bonapartistm and Bourgeois ‘Triumph' - once more pulsates in tragic key. Equally attentive to form and politics, Martins invites us to look again at familiar pictures. In the process, modern art appears in a new light. These essays, largely unknown to an English-speaking audience, may be the most important contribution to the account of modern painting since the important debates of the 1980s.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Credits Painting, Between Gewalt and Labour: introduction to The Conspiracy of Modern Art by Steve Edwards 1 The Conspiracy of Modern Art 2 The Hemicycle: The Image of the Nation Form 3 Marat by David: Photojournalism 4 18th Brumaire, the Fabrication of a Totem: Freud, David and Bonapartism 5 Remains of Voluptuousness 6 The Returns of Regicide 7 Parisian Scenes 8 Two Scenes on the Commodity 9 Painting as Labour-Form 10 Transition from Constructivism to Productivism, According to Tarabukin 11 Argan Seminar: Art, Value and Work 12 Political Economy of Modern Art I: Entries for Combat 13: Political Economy of Modern Art II: Lessons and Modes of Use Index of Artworks Cited Bibliography

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Book SynopsisIn The Radical Machiavelli: Politics, Philosophy and Language, some of the finest Machiavellian scholars explore the Florentine’s thought five hundred years after the composition of his masterpiece, The Prince. Their analysis, however, goes past The Prince, extending to Machiavelli’s entire corpus and shining new light on his political, historical, and military works, with a special focus on their heritage in modern Marxist thought, the arena in which they reverberate most profoundly and originally. Rather than a neutral, comprehensive, and safe interpretation, this book offers a partial and even partisan reading of Machiavelli, the 16th-century thinker who continues to divide scholars and interpreters, forcing them to confront their responsibility as contemporary thinkers in a global society where Machiavelli's ideas and the issues they address still matter. Contributors are: Etienne Balibar, Banu Bargu, Jérémie Barthas, Thomas Berns, Alison Brown, Filippo Del Lucchese, Romain Descendre, Jean-Louis Fournel, Fabio Frosini, Giorgio Inglese, Mikko Lahtinen, Jacques Lezra, John P. McCormick, Warren Montag, Vittorio Morfino, Mohamed Moulfi, Gabriele Pedullà, Tania Rispoli, Peter D. Thomas, Sebastian Torres, Miguel Vatter, Stefano Visentin, Yves Winter, and Jean-Claude Zancarini.Trade Review"These papers cohere very well, often speaking to each other and sometimes disagreeing. They underscore the truism that The Prince remains a battlefield and that no consensus on it is likely ever to be reached. But these papers, with their carefully constructed arguments, extensive documentation, and nuanced evaluations, as well as their forty-seven pages of bibliography, do much to clear away old smoke." - John H. Geerken (Scripps College, emeritus), in Renaissance Quarterly, vol. LXX, no. 2 (summer 2017)Table of ContentsList of Figures viii List of Contributors ix Introduction 1 Part 1: Language, Text and Context of The Prince 1 Il genere e il tempo delle parole: dire la guerra nei testi machiavelliani 23 Jean-Louis Fournel 2 ‘Uno piccolo dono’: A Software Tool for Comparing the First Edition of Machiavelli’s The Prince to Its Sixteenth Century French Translations 39 Jean-Claude Zancarini 3 Of ‘Extravagant’ Writing: The Prince, Chapter IX 56 Romain Descendre 4 ‘Italia’ come spazio politico in Machiavelli 73 Giorgio Inglese 5 Machiavelli the Tactician: Math, Graphs, and Knots in The Art of War 81 Gabriele Pedulla Part 2: Machiavelli and Philosophy 6 Lucretian Naturalism and the Evolution of Machiavelli’s Ethics 105 Alison Brown 7 Corpora Caeca : Discontinuous Sovereignty in The Prince 128 Jacques Lezra 8 The Five Theses of Machiavelli’s ‘Philosophy’ 144 Vittorio Morfijino 9 Tempo e politica: Una lettura materialista di Machiavelli 174 Sebastian Torres 10 Imitation and Animality: On the Relationship between Nature and History in Chapter XVIII of The Prince 190 Tania Rispoli Part 3: Politics, Religion, and Prophecy 11 Prophetic Efficacy: The Relationship between Force and Belief 207 Thomas Berns 12 Prophecy, Education, and Necessity: Girolamo Savonarola between Politics and Religion 219 Fabio Frosini 13 ‘Uno Mero Esecutore’: Moses, Fortuna, and Occasione in The Prince 237 Warren Montag 14 Machiavelli and the Republican Conception of Providence 250 Miguel Vatter Part 4: Radical Democracy beyond Republicanism 15 Machiavelli, Public Debt, and the Origin of Political Economy: An Introduction 273 Jeremie Barthas 16 Plebeian Politics: Machiavelli and the Ciompi Uprising 306 Yves Winter 17 Machiavelli’s Greek Tyrant as Republican Reformer 337 John P. McCormick 18 Essere Principe, Essere Populare: The Principle of Antagonism in Machiavelli’s Epistemology 349 Etienne Balibar 19 The Different Faces of the People: On Machiavelli’s Political Topography 368 Stefano Visentin Part 5: Machiavelli and Marxism 20 Machiavelli Was Not a Republicanist – Or Monarchist: On Louis Althusser’s ‘Aleatory’ Interpretation of The Prince 393 Mikko Lahtinen 21 Lectures machiavéliennes d’Althusser 406 Mohamed Moulfiji 22 Machiavelli after Althusser 420 Banu Bargu 23 Gramsci’s Machiavellian Metaphor: Restaging The Prince 440 Peter D. Thomas Index 457

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Book SynopsisThe history of the relation between religion and Enlightenment has been virtually rewritten In recent decades. The idea of a fairly unidirectional ‘rise of paganism’, or ‘secularisation’, has been replaced by a much more variegated panorama of interlocking changes—not least in the nature of both religion and rationalism. This volume explores developments in various cultural fields—from lexicology to geographical exploration, and from philosophy and history to theology, media and the arts—involved in the transformation of worldviews in the decades around 1700. The main focus is on the Dutch Republic, where discussion culture was more inclusive than in most other countries, and where people from very different walks of life joined the conversation. Contributors include: Wiep van Bunge, Frank Daudeij, Martin Gierl, Albert Gootjes, Trudelien van ‘t Hof, Jonathan Israel, Henri Krop, Fred van Lieburg, Jaap Nieuwstraten, Joke Spaans, Jetze Touber, and Arthur Weststeijn.Trade Review“The volume focuses on developments in the Dutch Republic at the turn of the eighteenth century, a society unique for its tolerance both of a wide variety of confessions and of radical philosophical ideas [...] these trends helped contribute to a new kind of Protestantism in the Enlightenment, where Protestant believers of all kinds were redefining how their beliefs could coexist in a time and place of growing possibility and knowledge. These essays will be valuable reading for scholars interested in the continuing evolution of the various Protestant Christianities in the post-Reformation era.” Christine Kooi, Louisiana State University. In: The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 71, No. 1 (2020), p. 197. “[The editors] have taken an important step forward to a new understanding of that complex period called the Enlightenment; their volume […] will no doubt prompt further studies in these fields.” Francesco Quatrini, Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale. In: Renaissance and Reformation, Vol. 44, No. 2 (2021), pp. 273–275. “Der Band vereint eine Mixtur von mitunter sehr speziellen, meistenteils aber interessante und große Linien ziehenden Beiträgen. Diese eröffnen zwar nicht eine völlig neue Perspektive auf den religiösen Wandel in den Niederlanden am Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts, doch regen sie sehr wohl dazu an, sich der Gestalt des Protestantismus in Holland etwas differenzierter und auch mit einem frischem Blick zuzuwenden, gerade auch unter Einbeziehung von bislang übersehenen schriftlichen und visuellen Quellen.” Jürgen Overhoff, Münster, in: Das achtzehnte Jahrhundert [“The volume combines a mixture of sometimes highly specialized, but mostly interesting and broad-based contributions. These do not open up a completely new perspective on the religious change in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 18th century, but they do stimulate studying the shaping of Protestantism in Holland in a more differentiated way, with a fresh look, especially with the inclusion of previously overlooked written and visual sources.”]Table of ContentsContents List of Illustrations About the Authors Introduction: Enlightened Religion: From Confessional Churches to Polite Piety in the Dutch Republic  Joke Spaans and Jetze Touber PART 1: Trends 1 From Religion in the Singular to Religions in the Plural: 1700, a Faultline in the Conceptual History of Religion  Henri Krop 2 Tracing the Human Past: The Art of Writing Between Human Ingenuity and Divine Agency in Early Modern World History  Jetze Touber 3 Colonies of Concord: Religious Escapism and Experimentation in Dutch Overseas Expansion, ca. 1650–1700  Arthur Weststeijn 4 Negotiating Ideas: The Communicative Constitution of Pietist Theology within the Lutheran Church  Martin Gierl 5 The Collegie der Sçavanten: A Seventeenth-Century Cartesian Scholarly Society in Utrecht  Albert Gootjes part 2: Individuals 6 “Let no citizen be treated as lesser, because of his confession”: Religious Tolerance and Civility in De Hooghe’s Spiegel van Staat (1706–7)  Frank Daudeij 7 The Power of Custom and the Question of Religious Toleration in the Works of Marcus Zuerius Boxhorn (1612–1653): An Investigation into the Sources of the Transformation of Religion around 1700  Jaap Nieuwstraten 8 Romeyn de Hooghe’s Hieroglyphica: An Ambivalent Lexicographical History of Religion  Trudelien van ’t Hof 9 Popularizing Radical Ideas in the Dutch Art World of the Early Eighteenth Century: Willem Goeree (1635–1711) and Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719)  Jonathan Israel 10 Bayle’s Skepticism Revisited  Wiep van Bunge 11 Between the Catechism and the Microscope: The World of Johannes Duijkerius  Joke Spaans 12 Warning against the Pietists: The World of Wilhelmus à Brakel  Fred van Lieburg Index

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Book SynopsisEmpires as political entities may be a thing of the past, but as a concept, empire is alive and kicking. From heritage tourism and costume dramas to theories of the imperial idea(l): empire sells. Post-Empire Imaginaries? Anglophone Literature, History, and the Demise of Empires presents innovative scholarship on the lives and legacies of empires in diverse media such as literature, film, advertising, and the visual arts. Though rooted in real space and history, the post-empire and its twin, the post-imperial, emerge as ungraspable ideational constructs. The volume convincingly establishes empire as welcoming resistance and affirmation, introducing post-empire imaginaries as figurations that connect the archives and repertoires of colonial nostalgia, postcolonial critique, post-imperial dreaming.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations BARBARA BUCHENAU AND VIRGINIA RICHTER: Introduction: How to Do Things with Empires CONCEPTUALIZING EMPIRES, MAPPING EMPIRES ALFRED HIATT: Maps of Empires Past MAYANNAH N. DAHLHEIM: (Re)Writing History: Pankaj Mishra, Niall Ferguson, and the Definitions of Empire RAINER EMIG: The Hermeneutics of Empire: Imperialism as an Interpretation Strategy KERSTIN KNOPF: Exploring for the Empire: Franklin, Rae, Dickens, and the Natives in Canadian and Australian Historiography and Literature EVA–MARIA MÜLLER: Teaching the Empire: Lessons About (In)Dependence: Teacher Figures as Metonyms for the Australian Nation DIFFERENT IMAGINARIES: COMPARING EMPIRES DONNA LANDRY: The Ottoman Imaginary of Evliya Ҫelebi: From Postcolonial to Postimperial Rifts in Time ELENA FURLANETTO: “Imagine a Country Where We Are All Equal”: Imperial Nostalgia in Turkey and Elif Shafak’s Ottoman Utopia SILKE STROH: British (Post)Colonial Discourse and (Imagined) Roman Precedents: From Bernardine Evaristo’s Londinium to Caesar’s Britain and Gaul EVA M. PÉREZ: “As if Empires Were Great and Wonderful Things”: A Critical Reassessment of the British Empire During World War Two in Louis de Bernières’ Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, Mark Mills’ The Information Officer and Kazuo Ishiguro’s When We Were Orphans (POST)EMPIRE IMAGINARIES IN HISTORICAL MEDIA ANNE–JULIA ZWIERLEIN: Travelling through (Post-)Imperial Panoramas: British Epic Writing and Popular Shows, 1740s to 1840s JUDITH RAISKIN: “No One Belongs Here More Than You”: Travel Ads, Colonial Fantasies, and American Militarism TIMO MÜLLER: The Bonds of Empire: (Post-)Imperial Negotiations in the 007 Film Series CONTESTED IMAGINARIES, PERILOUS BELONGING CECILE SANDTEN: Caryl Phillips’ The Nature of Blood: Othello, the Jews of Portobuffole, and the Post-Empire Imaginary ELSIE CLOETE: Johannesburg Zoologica: Reading the Afropolis Through the Eyes of Lauren Beukes’ Zoo City KARSTEN LEVIHN–KUTZLER: Toxic Terror and the Cosmopolitanism of Risk in Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People MICHAEL MEYER: Something is Foul in the State of Kerala: Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things JANA GOHRISCH: Conflicting Models of Agency in Andrea Levy’s The Long Song (2010) Notes on the Contributors and Editors Index

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Book SynopsisWhat happens when the idea of religious progress propels the shaping of modernity? In The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress. Missionizing Europe 1900 – 1965 Gerdien Jonker offers an account of the mission the Ahmadiyya reform movement undertook in interwar Europe. Nowadays persecuted in the Muslim world, Ahmadis appear here as the vanguard of a modern, rational Islam that met with a considerable interest. Ahmadiyya mission on the European continent attracted European ‘moderns’, among them Jews and Christians, theosophists and agnostics, artists and academics, liberals and Nazis. Each in their own manner, all these people strove towards modernity, and were convinced that Islam helped realizing it. Based on a wide array of sources, this book unravels the multiple layers of entanglement that arose once the missionaries and their quarry met.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Note on Spelling Glossary of German Terms Glossary of Islamic Terms Introduction Chapter 1. The Founder and His Vision Chapter 2. Preparing for Europe Chapter 3. Muslim Missions in Interwar Berlin Chapter 4. Converts in Search of Religious Progress Chapter 5. Jews into Muslims Chapter 6. The Berlin Mosque Library as a Site of Religious Exchange Chapter 7. The Mission in Nazi Germany Chapter 8. Reconfigurations within a Post-colonial World Archival Materials Bibliography General Index Index of Names

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Book SynopsisAt a time when the mass media insist on bombarding us with news about natural, political and economic disasters, words, ideas and images associated with such “crises” and “catastrophes” shape to a great extent collective memory and current imagination. Fear and Fantasy in a Global World seeks to stir the debate on the processes and meanings of, as well as on the relations between, fear and fantasy in the globalized world. Collective fears and fantasies are analysed from a number of cross-disciplinary perspectives, promoted by the epistemological underpinnings of comparative literature. In various ways and from different disciplinary angles, the 17 essays here gathered respond to and scrutinize key questions related to the imaginaries of fear and fantasy, as well as their relations to trauma, crisis, anxiety, and representations of both the conscious and the unconscious. Contributors: Alexandra Hills, Ana Filipa Prata, Brecht de Groote, Christin Grunert, Christopher Bollas, Daniela Di Pasquale, David Vichnar, Edith Beltrán, Gero Guttzeit, Hande Gurses, Harriet Hulme, James Rushing Daniel, João Pedro da Costa, Margarita García Candeira, Marija Sruk, Martijn Boven, and Ortwin de Graef.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Susana Araújo, Marta Pacheco Pinto, and Sandra Bettencourt Introduction Part 1: Local Fears, Global Anxieties Christopher Bollas The Transmissive Self and Transmissive Objects in the Age of Globalization James Rushing Daniel Dreamlandic Fantasy: Consumerism and Control in Bragi Ólafsson’s The Pets David Vichnar “Territories of Risk” within “Tropological Space”: From Zero to 2666, and Back Edith Beltrán Mexico’s Fearscapes: Where Fantasy Personas Engage in Citizenship Part 2: The Limits of Knowledge: Fantasy and Identity Formation Martijn Boven The Site of Initiative. Towards a Hermeneutic Framework for Analysing the Imagination of Future Threats Christin Grunert Conflict with the Perception of Time as Fertile Ground for Collective Insecurity: The Frightening Reality of Scientific Facts and their Transformation in Literary Fiction Gero Guttzeit Fearful Fantasy: Figurations of the Oedipus Myth in Scorsese’s Shutter Island (2010) Marija Sruk Laugh Away the Fear! The Satisfaction of Comical Fantasy in the Holocaust Film Comedies of the Late 1990s Alexandra Hills Viennese Fantasies, Austrian Histories: Space, Fantasy and Fascism in Ingeborg Bachmann’s Malina and Liliana Cavani’s The Night Porter Part 3: Boundaries and Performance: Language, Memory and Fantasy Harriet Hulme A Politics of Form: Fantasy and Storytelling as Modes of Resistance in the Work of Atxaga and Kundera Ana Filipa Prata Memory and Fantasy in Antoine Volodine’s Minor Angels Hande Gurses The Fantasy of the Archive: An Analysis of Orhan Pamuk’s The Museum of Innocence João Pedro da Costa The Digital Meta-Dissemination of Fear in Music Videos. A Transdisciplinary Textual Analysis of Two Case Studies: Esben and the Witch’s Marching Song and M.I.A.’s Born Free Part 4: Uncanny Representations of the Self and the Other Ortwin de Graef Shaft which Ran: Chinese Whispers with Auerbach, Buck, Woolf and De Quincey Brecht de Groote The Phantom in the Mirror: Duplication, Spectrality, and the Romantic Fear of Fantasy in Wordsworth, Coleridge and De Quincey Margarita García Candeira Habitability and Spectres in the House of Language: Approaching (Post)Modernity in Las flores del frío, by Luis García Montero Daniela Di Pasquale War on Fear: Reinterpreting Dante’s View of the “Infidel” Notes on Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisCompound Histories: Materials, Governance and Production, 1760-1840 offers a new view of the period during which Europe took on its modern character and globally dominant position. By exploring the intertwined realms of production, governance and materials, it places chemists and chemistry at the center of processes most closely identified with the construction of the modern world. This includes the interactive intensification of material and knowledge production; the growth and management of consumption; environmental changes, regulation of materials, markets, landscapes and societies; and practices embodied in political economy. Rather than emphasize revolutionary breaks and the primacy of innovation-driven change, the volume highlights the continuities and accumulation of incremental changes that framed historical development. Contributors are: Robert G.W. Anderson, Bernadette Bensaude Vincent, José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez, John R.R. Christie, Joppe van Driel, Frank A.J.L. James, Christine Lehman, Lissa L. Roberts, Thomas le Roux, Elena Serrano, Anna Simmons, Marie Thébaud-Sorger, Sacha Tomic, Andreas Weber, Simon Werrett.Trade Review"In this collection, Lissa L. Roberts and Simon Werrett propose an ambitious new agenda for examining relations between science and early industrial production, in which the centrality of chemistry is reasserted. [...] With fourteen chapters in total, the editors faced an obvious challenge of organisation, which they have met with a good measure of success. Each chapter has a well-developed introduction and conclusion, engaging with the common agenda for the volume. By articulating this agenda at length, the editors have also given a significant impulse to future research, and their comprehensive bibliography of secondary sources provides a handy resource for those investigations. - Jan Golinski (University of New Hampshire), Ambix|, 2018, 1–2, DOI 10.1080/00026980.2018.1488125. Mobilized by the environmental crisis, these historians of science are tackling a political and economic history of nitrogen, aluminum, cobalt or uranium unveiling the social, economic networks and complex policies in connection with agriculture, industry or even the consumption, and revealing geographies unpublished: in the case of aluminum, Europe in the Antilles in the nineteenth century and then to Postcolonial Ghana.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction: “A More Intimate Acquaintance”  Lissa Roberts and Simon Werrett Part 1: Materials and Material Objects 1 Household Oeconomy and Chemical Inquiry  Simon Werrett 2 The Case of Coal  Lissa Roberts and Joppe van Driel 3 Capturing the Invisible: Heat, Steam and Gases in France and Great Britain, 1750-1800  Marie Thébaud-Sorger 4 Spreading the Revolution: Guyton’s Fumigating Machine in Spain. Politics, Technology, and Material Culture (1796-1808)  Elena Serrano 5 Arsenic in France. The Cultures of Poison During the First Half of the Nineteenth Century  José Ramón Bertomeu Sánchez Part 2: Chemical Governance and the Governance of Chemistry 6 Relations between the State and the Chemical Industry in France, 1760-1800: The Case of Ceruse  Christine Lehman 7 Between Industry and the Environment: Chemical Governance in France, 1770-1830  Thomas Le Roux 8 Renegotiating Debt: Chemical Governance and Money in the Early Nineteenth-Century Dutch Empire  Andreas Weber 9 How to Govern Chemical Courses. The Case of the Paris École de pharmacie During Vauquelin’s Direction, 1803-1829  Sacha Tomic Part 3: Revisiting the History of Production 10 Teaching Chemistry in the French Revolution: Pedagogy, Materials and Politics  Bernadette Bensaude Vincent 11 The Subversive Humphry Davy: Aristocracy and Establishing Chemical Research Laboratories in Late Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century England  Frank A.J.L. James 12 Wholesale Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in London, c.1760 – c.1840: Sites, Production and Networks  Anna Simmons 13 Chemical Glasgow and its Entrepreneurs, 1760-1860  John R.R. Christie 14 Relations between Industry and Academe in Scotland, and the Case of Dyeing: 1760 to 1840  Robert G.W. Anderson Bibliography of Secondary Sources

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Book SynopsisIn How Language Informs Mathematics Dirk Damsma shows how Hegel’s and Marx’s systematic dialectical analysis of mathematical and economic language helps us understand the structure and nature of mathematical and capitalist systems. More importantly, Damsma shows how knowledge of the latter can inform model assumptions and help improve models. His book provides a blueprint for an approach to economic model building that does away with arbitrarily chosen assumptions and is sensitive to the institutional structures of capitalism. In light of the failure of mainstream economics to understand systemic failures like the financial crisis and given the arbitrary character of most assumptions in mainstream models, such an approach is desperately needed.Table of ContentsList of Figure and Tables Acknowledgements Brief Contents Note on the Style of Referencing and the Use of Capitalisation and Emphasis in this Work List of Symbols Introduction  1 On Marx’s and Hegel’s Dialectical Methods  Introduction  1 The Chronology of Hegel’s and Marx’s Historical and Systematic Dialectic  2 Hegel’s Method  3 Marx’s Comments on Hegel, Their Implications and Marx’s Twist on Hegel’s Dialectical Method  4 Commentators on and Studies of Marx’s Dialectics  Summary and Conclusions  Preview  2 The Dialectical Foundations of Mathematics  Introduction  1 Previous Literature on Hegel and Mathematics  2 Hegel’s Determination of the Quantitative  A Quality  2.1 Being  2.2 Nothing  2.3 Becoming  2.4 Presence  2.5 Something and Other  2.6 One and Many Ones  2.7 Attraction and Repulsion  B Quantity  2.8 Quantity  2.9 Continuous and Discrete Magnitude  2.10 Quantum and Number  2.11 Unit and Amount  2.12 Limit  2.13 Intensive and Extensive Magnitude  C Measure  2.14 Measure  3 Hegel’s Determination of Mathematical Mechanics  A Space and Time  3.1 Space  3.2 Spatial Dimensions  3.3 The Point  3.4 The Line  3.5 The Plane  3.6 Distinct Space  3.7 Time  3.8 Temporal Dimensions  3.9 Now  3.10 Place  3.11 Motion  3.12 Matter  Summary and Conclusions: How This Dialectic Reflects on Mathematics  Appendix: Comparison of the Determination of the Quantitative in the Wissenschaft and the Encyclopädie  A1 Being, Nothing, Becoming, Presence, Something and Others  A2 Qualitative Limit  A3 Finitude and Infinity  A4 True Infinite  A5 Being-for-self  A6 One, Many Ones, Repulsion, Attraction, Quantity, Continuous and Discrete Magnitude, Quantum, Number, Unit and Amount, Quantitative Limit and Intensive and Extensive Magnitude  A7 Quantitative Infinity  A8 Direct Ratio  A9 Inverse Ratio  A10 Ratio of Powers  A11 Measure  Concluding Remarks  3 Marx’s Systematic Dialectics and Mathematics  Introduction  1 Marx’s Acquaintance with and Ideas on Mathematics  2 Marx’s Exhibition of Capitalism as a System: The Systematic-Dialectical Position  2.1 Sociation  2.2 Dissociation  2.3 Association: The Exchange Relation  2.4 The Commodity, Exchangeability and the Bargain  2.5 Value in Exchange  2.6 The Simple, Expanded and General Commodity Form and the Money Form of Value  2.7 Money as Measure of Value, Means of Circulation and End of Exchange  2.8 Capital  2.9 Constant and Variable Capital  2.10 Accumulation  2.11 The Money Capital, Production Capital and Commodity Capital Circuits  2.12 Fixed and Circulating Capital  2.13 Simple Reproduction, Means of Production, Consumption Goods, Total Social Capital and Expanded Reproduction  2.14 General Rate of Profit, Many Capitals, Competition and Minimum Prices of Production  3 The Role of Mathematics in Marx’s Investigation and Exhibition in Capital: the Case of Marx’s “Schemes of Reproduction”  3.1 Simple Reproduction   3.1.1 The Model   3.1.2 Conclusions  3.2 Expanded Reproduction   3.2.1 The Model   3.2.2 Conclusions  Summary and Conclusions on the Role of Mathematics in Systematic-Dialectical Investigation and Exhibition  4 A Formal Dynamic Reconstruction of Marx’s Schemes of Reproduction along Dialectical Lines  Introduction  1 The Model for Simple Reproduction  2 Extensive Growth of Total Social Capital  3 The Model for Expanded Reproduction  Summary and Conclusions  Appendix: Derivations  A1 Accumulation and Growth Rate for Department c as a Function of Accumulation and Growth in Department p with Extensive Growth (expression 4.15 and 4.16)  A2 Constant Capital’s Growth Rate for Department c for the Case of Expanded Reproduction (expression 4.19)  A3 The Condition for Constant Rates of Accumulation in Case of Expanded Reproduction (expression 4.20)  Summary and General Conclusions  References  Author Index  Subject Index

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Book SynopsisSt. Birgitta of Sweden (d. 1373) is one of the most celebrated female visionaries and authors of the Middle Ages and a central figure in the history of late-medieval religion. An aristocratic widow, Birgitta left her native country in 1349 and settled in Rome, where she established herself as an outspoken critic of the Avignon Papacy and an advocate of spiritual and ecclesiastical reform. Birgitta founded a new monastic order, and her major work, The Heavenly Book of Revelations, circulated widely in a variety of monastic, reformist, and intellectual milieus following her death. This volume offers an introduction to the saint and the reception of her work written by experts from various disciplines. In addition to acquainting the reader with the state of the scholarship, the study also presents fresh interpretations and new perspectives on Birgitta and the sources for her life and writings. Contributors: Roger Andersson, Nirit Ben-Aryeh Debby, Unn Falkeid, Anna Fredriksson, Birgitta Fritz, Ann M. Hutchison, F. Thomas Luongo, Maria H. Oen, Anders Piltz, and Pavlína Rychterová.Trade Review"In conclusion, this volume contributes essential knowledge about one of the most brilliant saints of the Middle Ages. St Birgitta's impact both in Sweden and internationally is presented in an excellent way. This volume will give English-speaking students important knowledge about St Birgitta and will provide researchers with an opportunity to develop the presented perspectives and conclusions." (Translated from Swedish original) Erik Bergman, Lund University, in Kyrkohistorisk årsskrift 2020, pp. 199-201Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Notes on Editions and Translations Notes on Contributors Timeline Introduction: Birgitta Birgersdotter and the Liber celestis revelacionum  Maria H. Oen 1 God’s Words, or Birgitta’s? Birgitta of Sweden as Author  F. Thomas Luongo 2 Birgitta and the Bible  Anders Piltz 3 The Political Discourse of Birgitta of Sweden  Unn Falkeid 4 Challenging and Championing St Birgitta’s Revelations at the Councils of Constance and Basel  Anna Fredriksson 5 The History and Spiritual Life of Vadstena Abbey  Birgitta Fritz 6 Birgitta and Her Revelations in the Sermons of the Vadstena Brothers  Roger Andersson 7 The Iconography of Liber celestis revelacionum  Maria H. Oen 8 Reshaping Birgitta of Sweden in Tuscan Art and Sermons  Nirit Ben-Aryeh Debby 9 The Revelations of St Birgitta in the Holy Roman Empire  Pavlína Rychterová 10 Birgitta and Late-Medieval English Spirituality  Ann M. Hutchison Bibliography General Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume is devoted to the natural philosopher Bernardino Telesio (1509-1588) and his place in the scientific debates of the Renaissance. Telesio’s thought is emblematic of Renaissance culture in its aspiration towards universality; the volume deals with the roots and reception of his vistas from an interdisciplinary perspective ranging from the history of philosophy to that of physics, astronomy, meteorology, medicine, and psychology. The editor, Pietro Daniel Omodeo and leading specialists of intellectual history introduce Telesio’s conceptions to English-speaking historians of science through a series of studies, which aim to foster our understanding of a crucial early modern author, his world, achievement, networks, and influence. Contributors are Roberto Bondì, Arianna Borrelli, Rodolfo Garau, Giulia Giannini, Miguel Ángel Granada, Hiro Hirai, Martin Mulsow, Elio Nenci, Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Nuccio Ordine, Alessandro Ottaviani, Jürgen Renn, Riccarda Suitner, and Oreste Trabucco.Table of ContentsForeword Note on Contributors Introduction  Pietro Daniel Omodeo 1 The First of the Moderns: Telesio between Bacon and Galileo  Roberto Bondí 2 “Spiritus” and “anima a Deo immissa” in Telesio  Miguel Ángel Granada 3 Telesio, Aristotle, and Hippocrates on Cosmic Heat  Hiro Hirai 4 Heat and Moving Spirits in Telesio’s and Della Porta’s Meteorological Treatises  Arianna Borrelli 5 Telesian Controversies on the Winds and Meteorology  Oreste Trabucco 6 Telesio and the Renaissance Debates on Sea Tides  Pietro Daniel Omodeo 7 In Search of the True Nature of the Rainbow: Renewal of the Aristotelian Tradition in the Renaissance and the De Iride  Elio Nenci 8 A Conversation by Telesio: Sensualism, Criticism of Aristotle, and the Theory of Light in the Late Renaissance  Martin Mulsow 9 ‘Haereticorum more leges refellendi suas proponit’. At the Beginning of Telesian Censorship: an Annotated Copy of the 1565 Roman Edition  Alessandro Ottaviani 10 Reformation, Naturalism, and Telesianism: the Case of Agostino Doni  Riccarda Suitner 202 11 Between Myth and Reality: the Accademia Telesiana  Giulia Giannini 12 The Transformation of Final Causation: Telesio’s Theories of Self-Preservation and Motion  Rodolfo Garau Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection of essays presents new insights into what shaped and constituted the Renaissance and early modern views of fate and fortune. It argues that these ideas were emblematic of a more fundamental argument about the self, society, and the universe and shows that their influence was more widespread, both geographically and thematically, than hitherto assumed.Trade Review“A valuable panorama of themes and perspectives on the subject.” Per Landgren, University of Oxford. In: Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 77, No. 2 (Summer 2023), pp. 748–749.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Note on Contributors Introduction: Not Simple Twists of Fate  Ovanes Akopyan Part 1: The Concept of Fate in Philosophy and Theology 1 Renaissance Consolations: Philosophical Remedies for Fate and Fortune  John Sellars 2 Coluccio Salutati and the Humanist Critique of Fate  Paul Richard Blum 3 Fate, Providence, and Fortuna in Giordano Bruno’s Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast  Elisabeth Blum 4 Fortune and Fate in the Philosophy of Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655): Balancing between Freedom and Necessity  Jo Coture Part 2: Political and Social Context 5 Fate and Fortune in Machiavelli’s Anatomy of the Body Politic  Guido Giglioni 6 “Fortune is a Mistresse”: Figures of Fortune in English Renaissance Poetry  Orlando Reade 7 The Game of Art and Chance: Lottery, Fortune, and Fatum in the Low Countries in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries  Sophie Raux Part 3: Artistic Considerations 8 Renaissance Iconology of Fate  Damiano Acciarino 9 Fortune, Fate and Providential Design in Georges de La Tour  Dalia Judovitz 10 Ptolemy, Fortune, and Politics: A Case of the Reception of Western Scholarship in Early Modern Russia  Ovanes Akopyan Bibliography Index Nominum

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Book SynopsisThis Festschrift for Reinhard Schulze focusses on a life-long concern of his, namely the relationship between Islam and modernity. The contributors reflect upon the academic study of Islam, Islamic cultures of knowledge, media and literature, and current societal processes. Diese Festschrift für Reinhard Schulze widmet sich einem Lebensthema des Jubilars, nämlich der Beziehung von Islam und Moderne. Die Beiträge reflektieren akademische Forschung zu Islam, islamische Wissenskulturen, Medien und Literatur, sowie gegenwärtige Prozesse in nahöstlichen Gesellschaften.Table of ContentsDanksagung Liste der Tabellen und Abbildungen Bildnachweis Liste der Beitragenden Tabula gratulatoria Einleitung  Florian Zemmin, Johannes Stephan und Monica Corrado Islam(wissenschaft), Religion und der Eigensinn der Moderne 1 Implausibility and Probability in Studies of Paleo-Qurʾanic Genesis  Aziz Al-Azmeh 2 Carl Heinrich Beckers „Lehnswesen“-Aufsatz von 1914 und seine Wirkung  Jürgen Paul 3 Genealogien des Religionsbegriffes und die Grenzen der Religionsfreiheit in Europa  Frank Peter 4 Nur wer β sagt, kann auch α sagen: Zu Reinhard Schulzes Ansatz der ‚retrospektiven Genealogie‘  Volkhard Krech 5 Islam, Buddhismus und die Frage nach dem „Kanon der Religionswissenschaft“  Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz 6 Islamische Gewalt im Lichte des Thomas-Theorems  Hans G. Kippenberg 7 Wider die islamische Exzeptionalität: Zur (Inter-)Disziplinarität der Islamwissenschaft am Beispiel des Salafismus  Florian Zemmin Islamische Wissenskulturen und Normativität 8 Die Ordnung der Gesellschaft: soziale Kategorisierungen in osmanischen politischen Texten des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts  Felix Konrad 9 Rethinking Authority: Trends in Eighteenth-Century Hadith Studies  Ahmad Dallal 10 The Islamic Eighteenth Century: A View from the Edge  Albrecht Hofheinz 11 Lokale Moderne: Ḥasan al-Bannā und die Idee eines „zeitgemäßen Islam“  Gudrun Krämer 12 Civility and Charisma in the Long-Term Genesis of Political Modernity within the Islamic Ecumene  Armando Salvatore Sprache und Literatur als Medien der Moderne 13 Von der „Bauernsprache“ zur „Ursprache“: Die Entstehung der türkischen Nationalsprache  Hüseyin Ağuiçenoğlu 14 Literarische Salons im Indien des 18. Jahrhunderts: Ein Beitrag zur Moderne im Islam?  Jamal Malik 15 Eine Maqama als romantisches Experiment: Šihāb ad-Dīn al-Ālūsī (1802–1854) und „Das Gurren der Turteltaube im Viertel der Qamariyya-Schule“  Stefan Reichmuth 16 Zwei „Königinnen des Mittelmeers“ im Vergleich: Triestliteratur und die Literatur Alexandrias  Susanne Enderwitz 17 Erzählweisen und gesellschaftlicher Wandel: Bemerkungen zu al-Qunfuḏ von Zakaria Tamer  Peter Dové 18 Die Grenzen des adab: Versuch über eine literaturhistorische Hermeneutik  Johannes Stephan Islam(wissenschaft) in der Öffentlichkeit und die Rolle der Medien 19 Cairo After the Event: Fiction and Everyday Life  Mona Abaza 20 Fördert arabische Populärkultur die Individualisierung? Anschlussdiskurse der Fernsehnutzung bei jungen Ägyptern  Anne Grüne und Kai Hafez 21 The Role of Social Media in Democratisation Processes: An Iranian Case Study  Katajun Amirpur 22 A Losing Battle? “Islamwissenschaft” in Times of Neoliberalism, IS, PEGIDA … and Trump  Stephan Guth 23 Der Rechtsnationalismus als Spiegelbild des Islamismus: Ein journalistischer Essay  Yves Wegelin 24 „Ich will nicht zu kritisch mit meinem eigenen Fach sein“: Reinhard Schulze im Gespräch mit Anna Trechsel Die Wissenschaftlerpersönlichkeit Reinhard Schulze 25 Forschungsdesigner – Wissenschaftsmanager – Hochschulpolitiker  Anke von Kügelgen 26 Struggling with Schulze  Michael Kemper 27 Schriftenverzeichnis Reinhard Schulzes Personen-, Orts- und Sachindex / Index of persons, places, and subjects

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Book SynopsisHugo Grotius (1583-1645) is the most famous humanist scholar of the Dutch Golden Age. He wrote influential works on the laws of war and peace, Dutch history and the unification of the churches. His plea for a freedom of the seas in Mare liberum offered the Dutch East India Company a ready justification for the establishment of a trading empire in the East Indies. As far as his daily duties left him any spare time, he penned confidential, learned and beautifully-written letters. This voluminous correspondence offers a trove of information on Grotius’ life and works, and forms the basis of his newest biography which sketches a life caught in a fierce struggle for peace in Church and State.Trade ReviewAWARDS The Dutch version of this biography, Hugo de Groot, een leven in strijd om de vrede (Amsterdam: 2007) was awarded two literary prizes: the ‘Litteraire Witte Prijs’ by Sociëteit de Witte (The Hague) in 2008 and the ‘Henriëtte de Beaufort Prijs’ by the Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde (Leiden) in 2010.Table of ContentsPreface ... xiii List of Illustrations ... xvi Notes on the Illustrations ... xx 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1 Hugo de Groot: A World-Famous Scholar ... 1 A Biography ... 2 Some Main Lines: A Troubled Triangular Relationship ... 7 Terminology ... 13 2 CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH (1583-99) ... 14 Ancestry ... 14 Grotius’ Earliest Childhood ... 24 Grotius as a Student ... 33 The French Journey (1598) ... 44 3 ON THE WAY TO ADULTHOOD (1599-1607) ... 53 Scholarly Activities, Relations with Johan van Oldenbarnevelt ... 53 Leiden Friends: Heinsius, Meursius and Baudius ... 61 Grotius and Simon Stevin ... 67 ‘De republica emendanda’ ... 71 Advocate in The Hague; Relations with Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 73 The Bankruptcy of Jan de Groot ... 82 Family Life ... 88 4 ADVOCATE-FISCAL (1607-13) ... 91 De iure praedae as a Step towards the Advocate-Fiscalship ... 91 Grotius as Advocate-Fiscal ... 94 Maria van Reigersberch ... 97 Peace or Truce? ... 102 Mare liberum and De antiquitate ... 106 Administrative Duties ... 112 Relationship with the Stadholder Maurice ... 116 A Poem for Hendrik Delmanhorst ... 118 Leiden Friends: Scaliger, Baudius and Heinsius ... 120 5 A BUDDING POLITICIAN (1609-13) ... 124 The Troubles of the Truce Years ... 124 The Death of Jacobus Arminius ... 127 Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 133 Conradus Vorstius ... 136 Meletius ... 137 Leiden Friends: Petrus Bertius and Petrus Cunaeus ... 143 Political Complications (1611–13) ... 147 The English Journey (1613) ... 149 Discussions with the King and Other Great Men at the English Court ... 155 Return ... 162 6 PENSIONARY OF ROTTERDAM (1613-16) ... 165 The Pensionary’s Office as a Turning Point ... 165 The Appointment ... 167 Rotterdam ... 168 Family Life ... 170 Ordinum pietas ... 171 The Aftermath ... 177 Three Letters from 1614 ... 191 Political Career ... 199 7 AN INTELLECTUAL IN A TIME OF REVOLUTION (1616-18) ... 209 Political and Scholarly Activities ... 209 Adolphus Venator, A Hunter for the Truth ... 216 Hubbub in The Hague ... 220 Troublesome Missions: Oudewater and After ... 222 De satisfactione ... 232 De imperio circa sacra ... 239 English Connections ... 244 French Policy ... 249 The Approach of the National Synod ... 251 The Denouement ... 255 8 TRIAL AND IMPRISONMENT (1618-21) ... 264 The Road to Arrest ... 264 Arrest and Imprisonment ... 268 The Trial ... 272 Loevestein ... 293 A Brother’s Services ... 298 The Escape ... 302 9 EXILE (1621-25) ... 313 Paris, A Refuge in a Turbulent World ... 313 Family Life ... 315 Grotius and the French Political Authorities ... 323 Developments in French Calvinism ... 330 Remonstrants in Exile ... 332 Disquisitio an pelagiana sint ... 335 Verantwoordingh ... 340 Grotius and Charenton ... 353 Introduction to the Learned World of Paris. The Cabinet Dupuy ... 355 The ‘fratres tergemini’ ... 363 De iure belli ac pacis ... 367 10 EXILE (1625-31) ... 380 The Change of Power in 1625 ... 380 Financial Uncertainties ... 387 Negotiations ... 392 Maria and Nicolaes van Reigersberch as Grotius’ Advocates ... 398 Exile in Practice. Grotius’ View of France ... 403 Contacts with French Arminians ... 409 A Troubled Relationship: Grotius and Daniel Heinsius ... 412 A New Friendship: Grotius and Claude Saumaise ... 416 An Old Friend: Johannes Wtenbogaert ... 418 De veritate and other Scholarly Publications ... 422 Plans for Return ... 437 11 INTERMEZZO IN HOLLAND (1631-32) ... 443 Unexpected Return ... 443 Amsterdam’s Hospitality ... 452 12 PASSING THROUGH HAMBURG: HESITATIONS AND UNCERTAINTIES (1632-34) ... 463 Hamburg: A Harbour of Refuge ... 463 Negotiations with Sweden ... 471 The Journey to Paris ... 477 Sophompaneas ... 478 13 FRICTION BETWEEN OFFICE, SCHOLARSHIP AND RELIGION: THE FIRST YEARS OF THE PARIS EMBASSY (1635-40) ... 486 Entree ... 486 Family Life ... 488 Grotius and John Selden ... 494 Learned Contacts ... 499 Philology: The Study of Antiquity in All Its Aspects ... 502 Grotius, Heinsius and Saumaise ... 506 The Question of Interest ... 514 Grotius and the Church of Charenton ... 517 Grotius and His Domestic Chaplain Brandan Daetri ... 524 Grotius and Socinianism ... 529 Nicolaes van Reigersberch in Debate with André Rivet ... 536 14 TOWARDS A FINAL BREACH WITH HOLLAND (1635-40) ... 541 The Diplomatic Task ... 541 The General Political Situation ... 544 Grotius’ Diplomatic Reporting ... 548 Grotius’ Relations with French Political Leaders ... 551 Grotius, William Laud and John Scudamore ... 556 Grotius and Peter Abel Schmalz ... 559 A Spoiled Relationship: Grotius and the Republic ... 563 Willem de Groot, Aspirant Pensionary ... 571 Reigersberch, Grotius and Petter Spiring Silvercrona ... 580 Once Again: The Relationship with Holland ... 586 Activities as a Publicist ... 587 15 DIPLOMACY AND EXEGESIS: THE PARIS EMBASSY (1640-44) ... 592 A New Address 592 The Cinq-Mars Affair and the Contacts with the Cabinet Dupuy 598 Grotius and the ‘Réunion des Eglises’ 602 De Antichristo 608 Printers in France and Holland 618 Grotius’ Exegesis 629 The Path to Rome 643 Grotius’ Position in the Learned World: A Homeless Intellectual 657 16 A DISAPPOINTED DIPLOMAT (1640-43) ... 661 Politics and Protocol ... 661 Hazards of the Embassy ... 669 The Swedish-Danish War ... 675 Controversy with Johan de Laet ... 683 A Brittle Friendship: Grotius and Claude Saumaise ... 690 A Long-drawn-out Controversy: Grotius and André Rivet ... 699 Contacts with the Vossii and Wtenbogaert ... 710 Final Verdict on the Paris Years ... 714 Departure from Paris ... 716 A Grass Widow ... 718 17 SWEDISH JOURNEY AND DEATH (1645) ... 720 Journey to the Republic ... 720 Grotius in Sweden ... 722 Departure from Sweden and Death at Rostock ... 725 18 ABUSE AND HONOUR ... 737 Posthumous Controversies ... 737 Grotius’ Influence in Later Centuries ... 750 19 EPILOGUE ... 759 BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 765 Manuscripts ... 765 Printed Sources, Reference Works, Abbreviations ... 765 Secondary Literature ... 776 Index of Personal Names and Works Written by Grotius ... 807 Illustration Section (colour)

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Book SynopsisThe problem of universals is one of the main philosophical issues. In this book the author reconstructs the history of the problem considering a selection of medieval representative texts and authors. The source of medieval and postmedieval debate is identified in the Socratic-Platonic survey on the definition of concepts. In the Categories, Aristotle discusses important topics concerning the relations that exist between logical terms. In particular he establishes a kind of predication principle: categorial terms have a certain predication relation if (and only if) some facts expressed by ordinary sentences hold. The Categories also because of their particular disciplinary status, halfway between logic and metaphysics, leave a number of questions open. Among these questions, a particularly intriguing one is Porphyry’s riddle: are there genera and species? And, if there are such things, what are they like?Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 The Problem  1.1 Abstract Entities  1.2 Predicates  1.3 The Relation of Predication in Aristotle  1.4 How Many Questions? 2 Boethius on General Terms  2.1 Browsing through Logical Texts  2.2 Meaning and Truth  2.3 Genera and Species  2.4 The Problem of Universals (In Isag. I)  2.5 The Problem of Universals (In Isag. II) 3 The Metaphysical System of Scotus Eriugena  3.1 Preliminary Remarks  3.2 Nature  3.3 Objects of Thought  3.4 Essences and Forms  3.5 Universal Entities 4 Realist Theories in the 11th–12th Centuries  4.1 Justification and Realism  4.2 The First Realist Thesis (antiqua sententia)  4.3 A Variant of TR1?  4.4 Other Realist Theses  4.5 The Missing Thesis 5 The ‘Nominal’ Stance: Garland the Computist and Abelard’s Literal Glosses  5.1 The Heretics of Dialectics  5.2 Garland on the Five Predicables  5.3 The Commentary on Aristotle’s Categories  5.4 The Literal Glosses 6 Walter of Mortagne and the Identity Theory  6.1 The Text of BN 17813, 1–16  6.2 Walter’s Criticism of Realism  6.3 The Identity Theory  6.4 Objections and Answers 7 The De Generibus et Speciebus and the Theory of Collectio  7.1 Some Historical Questions  7.2 Criticism of Contemporary Theories of Universals  7.3 The Collectio Theory  7.4 On Meaning  7.5 Objections and Answers 8 The Position of Abelard on Porphyry  8.1 Texts and Contexts  8.2 The Problem of Universals in the Logica Ingredientibus  8.3 The Resumption of the Theme in the Logica Nostrorum  8.4 Universal Predicates 9 Gilbert of Poitiers  9.1 The Distinction between id quod est and esse  9.2 Matter, Form, Nature  9.3 Categorization  9.4 Particulars  9.5 Mathematical Entities and Universals 10 John of Salisbury on Universals  10.1 Background  10.2 Theses on Universals  10.3 John’s Point of View  10.4 The Value of Pronouns  10.5 The quale quid Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWhile the term ‘Europe’ was used sporadically in ancient and medieval times, it proliferated between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and gained a prevalence in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries which it did not possess before. Although studies on the history of the idea of Europe abound, much of the vast body of early modern sources has still been neglected. Assuming that discourses tend to transcend linguistic, historical and generic boundaries, this book has gathered experts from various fields of study who examine vernacular and Latin negotiations of Europe from the late fifteenth to the early eighteenth century. This multi-angled approach serves to identify similarities and differences in the discourses on Europe within their different national and cultural communities. Contributors are: Ovanes Akopyan, Volker Bauer, Piotr Chmiel, Nicolas Detering, Stefan Ehrenpreis, Niels Grüne, Peter Hanenberg, Ulrich Heinen, Ronny Kaiser, Niall Oddy, Katharina N. Piechocki, Dennis Pulina, Marion Romberg, Lucie Storchová, Isabella Walser-Bürgler, Michael Wintle, and Enrico Zucchi.Trade Review"Compared to previous research on the discursive construction of “Europe”, the volume differs in three respects: Firstly, it takes into account little-noticed spatial peripheries and their sources in the various national languages and in Neo-Latin. This multi-perspectivity positively sets the volume apart from many other English-language compilations. Second, the contributions expand the range of sources to include a multitude of visual media and text genres. Third, with the 250 years from the late 15th to the early 18th century, it deals with the "pre-Enlightenment" part of the early modern period, which is often left out." (translated from German) Joachim Berger, Leibniz Institute of European History, in H-Soz-Kult, 15.12.2020 "Gegenüber bisherigen Forschungen zur diskursiven Konstruktion „Europas“ unterscheidet sich der Band in dreifacher Hinsicht: Er berücksichtigt erstens wenig beachtete räumliche Peripherien und ihre Quellen in den verschiedenen Landessprachen und im Neulateinischen. Diese Multiperspektivität erstreckt sich zudem auf die (auch osteuropäische) Forschungsliteratur, die rezipiert wird; das hebt den Band positiv von manch anderem englischsprachigen Sammelwerk ab. Zweitens besteigen die Beiträge nicht nur die Höhenkämme des Schrifttums und der bildenden Künste, sondern erweitern das Quellenspektrum um eine Vielzahl visueller Medien und Textgattungen. Drittens behandelt er mit den gut 250 Jahren vom späten 15. zum frühen 18. Jahrhundert den „voraufklärerischen“ Teil der Frühneuzeit, der aufgrund von Peter Burkes wirkmächtigem Zweifel, ob es vor 1700 ein auf Europa bezogenes "collective consciousness" gegeben habe, häufig ausgespart wurde." Joachim Berger, Leibniz Institute of European History, in H-Soz-Kult, 15.12.2020Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Notes on the Editors Notes on the Contributors Contesting Europe: Comparative Perspectives on Early Modern Discourses on Europe (1400–1800) — an Introduction  Nicolas Detering, Clementina Marsico and Isabella Walser-Bürgler Part 1: Embodying Europe: Allegories of the Self and the Other 1 Rivalry of Lament: Early Personifications of Europe in Neo-Latin Panegyrics for Charles V and Francis I  Nicolas Detering and Dennis Pulina 2 Tota caduca et dehiscens — Europe’s Critical Condition in Andrés Laguna’s Europa (1543)  Ronny Kaiser 3 The Early Modern Iconography of Europe: Visual Images and European Identity  Michael Wintle 4 Did Europe Exist in the Parish before 1800? The Allegory of Europe and Her Three Siblings in Folk Culture  Marion Romberg 5 Rubens’ Europe and the Pax Hispanica  Ulrich Heinen Part 2: Centralising Europe: Constructions of Peripheries and Boundaries 6 Cartographic Manipulations: Framing the Centre of Europe in ca. 1500  Katharina N. Piechocki 7 Conflicts of Meaning: the Word Europe in Sixteenth-Century French Writing  Niall Oddy 8 Portugal and the Early Modern Discourse on Europe  Peter Hanenberg 9 How Did Venetian Diplomatic Envoys Define Europe, Its Divisions, Centres and Peripheries (ca. 1570–1645)?  Piotr Chmiel 10 Conceptualising Asia, Africa and Europa in a Polemic on the Origin of Bohemians (1615–1617): Supranational Geographical Units and a Humanist Competition for ‘National Honour’  Lucie Storchová 11 Europe or Not? Early Sixteenth-Century European Descriptions of Muscovy and the Russian Responses  Ovanes Akopyan Part 3: Balancing Europe: Discourses of Plurality and Power 12 Liberty and Participation: Governance Ideals in the Self-Fashioning of Sixteenth- to Early-Eighteenth-Century Europe  Niels Grüne and Stefan Ehrenpreis 13 Geopolitical Instruction and the Construction of Europe in Seventeenth-Century Neo-Latin Texts  Isabella Walser-Bürgler 14 The European Network and National Identity: Italian Journalism in the Early Eighteenth Century from Il Giornale de’ letterati d’Italia to Il Gran giornale d’Europa  Enrico Zucchi 15 Europe as a Political System, an Ideal and a Selling Point: the Renger Series (1704–1718)  Volker Bauer Index Nominum

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Book SynopsisMachiavelli is chiefly known for The Prince, but his main considerations on politics are found in his later work Discourses on Livy. Despite this book's historical and theoretical importance, its complexity, length and style have often discouraged new readers and interpreters of Machiavelli from engaging with it. For this reason, the Discourses has not been given the attention it deserves. This volume of newly commissioned essays by some of the world’s leading Machiavelli experts seeks to remedy this deficiency. It is the first collective volume dedicated specifically to this profound work, covering topics such as Machiavelli’s republicanism, the relation between liberty and tyranny, the role of religion, Machiavelli’s conception of history, his writing style, his view of society as a plural and conflictive body, his suggestion of how a free state should be organized, and his notions of people and virtù. Contributors: Jérémie Barthas, Thomas Berns, Alessandro Campi, J. Patrick Coby, Marie Gaille, Marco Geuna, Mark Jurdjevic, Cary J. Nederman, Gabriele Pedullà, Diogo Pires Aurélio, Fabio Raimondi, Andre Santos Campos, Miguel Vatter, and Camila Vergara.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Abbreviations Notes on Contributors Introduction  Diogo Pires Aurélio and Andre Santos Campos 1 ‘A Never Again Attempted Work’: The Discourse-Form and the Discourses on Livy  Gabriele Pedullà 2 Machiavelli and the Lingering Mystery of Polybius VI  Cary J. Nederman 3 Machiavelli on Liberty  J. Patrick Coby 4 The Discourses on Livy: A ‘Commentary’ on the Effectual Truth of Civil Conflict  Marie Gaille 5 Republic and Constitution in Machiavelli’s Discourses  Fabio Raimondi 6 The Modes Taken by Saint Gregory: Machiavelli and the Violence of Religious Sects  Marco Geuna 7 Machiavelli’s Republican Constituent Power  Camila Vergara 8 Machiavelli and Thucydides on the Rhetoric of Immoralism  Miguel Vatter 9 The ‘Discovery of the Masses’ and the Paradox of the Fatherland  Diogo Pires Aurélio 10 The Poison and the Sword: Conspiracies and Struggle for Power in Machiavelli’s Discourses on Livy  Alessandro Campi 11 The Political Economy of Machiavelli’s Discourses  Jérémie Barthas 12 Politics of Porosity: War and Freedom in Machiavelli’s Discourses  Thomas Berns 13 Guicciardini’s Considerations on the Discourses of Machiavelli  Mark Jurdjevic Index

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Book SynopsisBeauty is a central concept in the Italian cultural imagination throughout its history and in virtually all its manifestations. It particularly permeates the domains that have governed the construction of Italian identity: literature and language. The Idea of Beauty in Italian Literature and Language assesses this long tradition in a series of essays covering a wide chronological and thematic range, while crossing from historical linguistics to literary and cultural studies. It offers elements for reflection on cross-disciplinary approaches in the humanities, and demonstrates the power of beauty as a fundamental category beyond aesthetics.Table of ContentsList of Figures Introduction  Harald Hendrix, Claudio Di Felice, and Philiep Bossier  1 Forms and Variations of Lemmata Indicating “Beauty” in Literary Italian and the Common Language  Rosario Coluccia  2 “Bellezze ed adornezze e piacimento”: The Concept of Beauty in the Sicilian School  Francesca De Blasi 3 Beauty as a Forma Mentis: Francis of Assisi  Brigitte Poitrenaud-Lamesi 4 From Earthly Venus to Heavenly Venus: On the Evolution of the Concept of Beauty in Girolamo Benivieni  Sergio Di Benedetto 5 The “True Form” of Beauty: Poetry and Portraits from Petrarch to the Sixteenth Century  Veronica Pesce 6 “Love is Naught but a Certain Desire to Enjoy Beauty”: Castiglione and Raffaello*  Pasquale Sabbatino 7 The Principle of Beauty in the Literary Criticism of the 16th Century  Antonio Sorella 8 Beauty at the Limit  Silvia Fabrizio-Costa 9 Words for Beauty: Giuseppe Parini between Ideal Cities and the Decadence of the World  Marcello Ciccuto 10 Amorose e di galanteria: Considerations about the Language of Love, Beauty and Desire in some Unpublished Poems by Giulio Bajamonti  Monica De Rosa 11 “The Profound Beauty is Greatness”: Itinerary in Giovanni Boine’s Aesthetics  Enrico Riccardo Orlando 12 The Origins of Beauty in Leopardi’s Zibaldone  Stefano Bragato 13 History of a Modest Beauty: Models of Woman’s Aesthetics from Fermo e Lucia to I promessi sposi  Gavino Piga 14 The “Second Beauty”: Ideas of Politeness and Beauty in Italian Books of Manners  Giovanna Alfonzetti 15 Fosca and her Sisters: Origins and Hypostases of the “Medusean Beauty” in the Narrative of the Scapigliatura  Francesco Bonelli 16 Reconsidering Fin de Siècle Aestheticism: the Case of Gabriele D’Annunzio  Filippo Fonio 17 Paradise Saved and Lost of Fin de Siècle Aesthetics: Matelda and Mariana in the Works of Giovanni Pascoli  Francesca Irene Sensini 18 Eugenio Montale: for the “Incredible, Wonderful Face” of Clizia, between Photographs, Letters, the Palio and other Verses  Epifanio Ajello 19 P.V. Tondelli and the Cannibals’ Generation in Search of the Lost Beauty  Agata Pryciak

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Book SynopsisBased on consilia and decisiones, Wouter Druwé studies the multinormative framework on loans and credit in the Golden Ages of Antwerp and Amsterdam (c. 1500-1680). He analyzes the use of a wide variety of legal financial techniques in the Low Countries, such as money lending and the taking of interest, the constitution of annuities, cession and delegation, bearer bonds, bills of exchange, partnerships, and representation in financial affairs, as well as the consequences of monetary fluctuations. Special attention is paid to how the transregional European system of learned Roman and canon law (ius commune) was applied in daily ‘learned legal practice’. The study also deals with the prohibition against usury and with the impact of moral theology on legal debates.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction  §1Need for Credit in the Golden Age(s) and Its Normative Framework  §2Research Questions  §3Methodological Considerations  §4Structure  1Consilia and Decisiones in the Low Countries  §1Introduction  §2Consilia and Decisiones: A General Framework  AConsilia  BDecisiones  §3Consilia in the Low Countries  AThe first Printed Consilia: Nicolaas Everaerts and Angelus a Sancto Ioanne  BLeuven Law Professors and Their Consultation Practice (ca. 1550 – 1590)  CLearned Legal Practitioners: The Kinschot Family (ca. 1580 – 1650) and Antoon Anselmo  DA Humanist Counsellor: Jean de Deckher de Walhorn (1583–1646)  ELearned Consultations by a Canon Lawyer: Franciscus Zypaeus (1580–1650)  FJacob Coren  GThe Hollandic and Utrecht Consultations: Disordered and Varied Collections  §4Decisiones in the Low Countries  ACollections of Decisiones from the Northern Low Countries  BPrinted Collections of Decisiones from the Southern Low Countries  §5Conclusion  2Simple Money Lending and the Taking of Interest  §1Introduction  §2Money Loans and the Law of Evidence  AProof of Original Payment of the Capital  BProof of Mutual Intention  COther Impediments to a Claim for Restitution: The S.C. Macedonianum  DProof of Repayment of the Money Lent  §3The Taking of Interest  AIntroduction  BContractually Stipulated Interest for the Duration of a (money) Loan  CInterest in Case of Default (mora)  DSome Questions on the Proof of Usury  ESanctions  §4Conclusion  3Sale of Annuities  §1Introduction  §2Constitution of Annuities  §3Enforcement of Annuities: The Issue of Prescription  §4Redemption, Reduction and Forced Restitution of Annuities  ARedeemability and Reductibility by the Seller of the Annuity  BReduction of Annuities Through the Enactment of Tax Legislation  CForced Restitution of the Capital  §5Conclusion  4Transfer of Bonds and Claims  §1Introduction  §2Cession and Assignment  AIntroduction  BProof of a Cession: Transfer and Causa  CAlternative Causae for the Transfer of a Bond  DConsequences of a Cession and Its Revocability  ERecourse Liability  FLegal Remedies by the Ceded Debtor  GIntermediate Conclusion  §3Delegation and Novation  AIntroductory Remarks  BProof of Novation  CRecourse Liability  DLegal Remedies by a Delegated Debtor  EIntermediate Conclusion  §4Bonds to Bearer  AIntroduction  BThe Solution of the Ius Commune  CThe causa of the Transfer  DLegal Remedies by the Debtor Against the Bearer  ERecourse Liability by the Bearer Against the Transferor  FQuestions of Proof  GIntermediate Conclusion  §5Bills of Exchange  AIntroduction  BAcceptance by the Drawee  CLiability of the Drawer  DLiability of the Remitter of a Bill of Exchange  EBills of Exchange and Usury  FDetermination of the Exchange Rate  GIntermediate Conclusion  §6Conclusion  5Partnerships, Representation and Sea Loans  §1Introduction  §2The Law of Partnerships  AFoundation of Partnerships  BLiability of Partners vis-à-vis Third Parties  CRelationship between Partners  DLeonine Clauses and Triple Contracts  ETrade in Shares  §3Representation in Financial Affairs  AIntroductory Remarks  BClaims by Principals and/or Agents  CClaims against the Principal  DA mandate should not Harm the Institor  §4Sea Loans (faenus nauticum)  §5Conclusion  6Monetary Fluctuations and Debts  §1Introduction  §2One-time Payments  AIntroductory Remarks  BCoinage to be Used  CApplicable Rate or Valuation  DIntermediate Conclusion  §3Recurring Payments  AIntroductory Remarks  BRate of Payment: Relevant Location  CRate of Payment: Relevant Time  §4Conclusion  Conclusion  §1Research Questions and the Core Sources  §2The Evolution of the Normative Framework on Loans and Credit: A Summary  §3Transregional Multinormativity  §4Moral Theology  §5North and South: An Age of Estrangement?  §6Consilia and Decisiones  §7Open Questions  Bibliography  Netherlandish Sources of Learned Legal Practice: The Core Material  Other Primary Sources  Customary Law and Ordinances  Legal Historical Literature  Index

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Book SynopsisFrom the first Arabic grammar printed at Granada in 1505 to the Arabic editions of the Dutch scholar Thomas Erpenius (d.1624), some audacious scholars - supported by powerful patrons and inspired by several of the greatest minds of the Renaissance – introduced, for the first time, the study of Arabic language and letters to centres of learning across Europe. These pioneers formed collections of Arabic manuscripts, met Arabic-speaking visitors, studied and adapted the Islamic grammatical tradition, and printed editions of Arabic texts - most strikingly in the magnificent books published by the Medici Oriental Press at Rome in the 1590s. Robert Jones’ findings in the libraries of Florence, Leiden, Paris and Vienna, and his contribution to the history of grammar, are of enduring importance.Trade Review"There is more in Learning Arabic in Renaissance Europe than there is space here even to hint at. It is a densely argued tour de force..." Robert Irwin, in: Times Literary Supplement, September 18, 2020 “Jones’ work represents a unique technical contribution to the history of Arabic grammar in Europe, to the perception of Arabic language and of its linguistic categories, and to the knowledge of the Orientalist milieu of late Renaissance Europe as a whole.” Sara Fani, Università di Napoli “L’Orientale” in: Eurasian Studies Volume19, Issue 2(2021).Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface List of Illustrations Abbreviations Part 1: Learning Arabic in Renaissance Europe (1505–1624) Introductory Remarks  1 The Difficulties  2 The Achievement  3 Dramatis Personae  4 Middle Ages to Renaissance: Continuity  5 Middle Ages to Renaissance: Discontinuity  6 Spain 1 The Books  1 Manuscript Acquisition  2 Arabists Abroad  3 Agents  4 Eastern Christians in Europe  5 The Spoils of War  6 Vienna  7 Tunis  8 Lepanto  9 Hungary  10 Piracy  11 The Value of Plunder to Arabic Studies 2 The Teachers  1 Captives and Converts  2 Leo Africanus  3 Paul Willich  4 Darwīsh Ibrāhīm  5 Neophytes at Rome  6 François de Boulogne  7 Juan Andrés  8 ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Muḥammad  9 Aḥmad ibn Qāsim al-Ḥajarī  10 Ḥusayn of Buda 3 The Rules  1 Preamble  2 Pedro de Alcalá  3 Leo Africanus to Nicolaus Clenardus  4 Guillaume Postel and Teseo Ambrogio  5 Mid-Century Polyglot Handbooks  6 Jakob Christmann and Ruthger Spey  7 The Medicean Grammars  8 The Medicean Grammars in Europe  9 Joseph Justus Scaliger and Franciscus Raphelengius  10 Thomas Erpenius  11 1620–1624 Supplement Part 2 The Arabic and Persian Studies of Giovanni Battista Raimondi (c. 1536–1614) 4  The Alphabetum Arabicum  1 Introduction  Figura  2 Arabic Script in the Alphabetum arabicum  3 Arabic Script in other Renaissance Arabic Grammars  Potestas  4 Arabic Vocalization. Imāla  5 Vocalization in the Alphabetum arabicum  6 Arabic Consonants in the Alphabetum arabicum  7 Arabic Consonants in other Renaissance Arabic Grammars  8 Conclusion 5 The Grammars of 1592  1 The Ājurrūmiyya within the Islamic Grammatical Tradition  2 The Ājurrūmiyya within the European Grammatical Tradition  3 The Rome Edition of 1592  4 The Kāfiya  5 Conclusion 6 The Liber Tasriphi  1 Introduction  2 Arabic Terms Preserved  3 Translations ad verbum and ad sensum  4 Postel and the Morphology of the Verb  5 Conclusion 7 Arabic Grammar Translated in Manuscript  1 A Note on the Derived Forms of the Verb  2 Kitāb Miʾat ʿāmil 8 Grammars of Persian Translated in Manuscript  1 Introduction  2 Qawānīn al-furs  3 Other Grammars of Persian Concluding Remarks Appendix 1: The Identification of a copy of Bartholomaeus Radtmann’s Introductio in linguam arabicam, Frankfurt a.d. Oder, 1592, now in the British Library Appendix 2: Arabic Transliteration Appendix 3: Saltini’s Manuscript Descriptions Extended Appendix 4: Raimondi on Arabic, Persian and other Languages Appendix 5: Raimondi’s Latin Translation from Avicenna’s Arabic Canon Appendix 6: Raimondi’s Grammar and Dictionary List Appendix 7: Raimondi and the Lead Books of Granada Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe supernova of 1604 marks a major turning point in the cosmological crisis of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Capturing the eyes and imagination of Europe, it ignited an explosion of ideas that forever changed the face of science. Variously interpreted as a comet or star, the new luminary brought together a broad network of scholars who debated the nature of the novelty and its origins in the universe. At the heart of the interdisciplinary discourse was Johannes Kepler, whose book On the New Star (1606) assessed the many disputes of the day. Beginning with several studies about Kepler’s book, the authors of the present volume explore the place of Kepler and the ‘new star’ in early modern culture and religion, and how contemporary debate shaped the course of science down to the present day. Contributors are: (1) Dario Tessicini, (2) Christopher M. Graney, (3) Javier Luna, (4) Patrick J. Boner, (5) Jonathan Regier, (6) Aviva Rothman, (7) Miguel Á. Granada, (8) Pietro Daniel Omodeo, (9) Matteo Cosci, and (10) William P. Blair.Table of ContentsList of Figures List of Abbreviations Notes on Contributors Introduction 1 Straight Paths and Evanescent Bodies: The Physics and Dynamics of Celestial Novelties in Kepler’s De stella nova  Dario Tessicini 2 Of Mites and Men (and Stars): Kepler on the Question of Star Sizes in De Stella Nova  Christopher M. Graney 3 The Measure of the Universe in De stella nova  Javier Luna 4 Celestial Novelty and the Science of the Stars: Kepler vs. Krabbe on Accuracy and Authority in Early Modern Germany  Patrick J. Boner 5 Stars, Crystals and Courts: Johannes Kepler and Anselmus Boëtius de Boodt  Jonathan Regier 6 Kepler’s Astrological Play  Aviva Rothman 7 The Nova of 1600 in Cygnus and the Christianization of the Constellations  Miguel Á. Granada 8 Epicurean Astronomy? Atomistic and Corpuscular Stars in Kepler’s Century  Pietro Daniel Omodeo 9 The Correspondence of Clavius, Dal Monte, Magini and Other Italian Astronomers on The Nova of 1604  Matteo Cosci 10 The Scientific Legacy of Kepler’s ‘Stella Nova’  William P. Blair Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisHow did the evolution of new gunpowder weapons change the nature, structure and composition of the Florentine militias during the first decades of the sixteenth century? Through an examination of little-known and unpublished sources, this book provides a comparative exploration of two Florentine republican experiments with a peasant militia: one promoted and created by Niccolò Machiavelli (1506–12) and a later one (1527–30). Using this comparison as the basis for a new reading of Machiavelli’s Art of War (which drew on the author's experience with the militia), the book then investigates the relationship between the circulation and reception of Machiavelli’s influential work, changing conceptions of militia, and the formation of new cultures of warfare in Europe in the sixteenth century.Trade Review"Guidi challenges traditional views that Machiavelli was an idealist who believed that reviving Roman civic virtues would stimulate Italian patriotism and drive the foreigners out of Italy; his research into the years 1527–30 shows that Machiavelli's proposed reforms had practical goals and were widely influential." "Well written, with numerous letters (in Italian) in the appendix, this book will be widely cited in future publications about Machiavelli." W. L. Urban, emeritus, Monmouth College (IL), in CHOICE Connect, a publication of the Association of College and Research LibrariesTable of ContentsContents List of Figures Abbreviations Introduction  1  Why New Research on Florentine Militias and on the Art of War?  2 Overview  3 Acknowledgements Part 1: “Il modo dello armare presente”: Machiavelli and the Ordinanza of 1527-30 Introduction to Part 1:History and Historiography  1  History  2  Historiography 1 “Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Section 1   Hand Firearms in Machiavelli, and in the 1528-30 Ordinanza  1  Hand Firearms at the Time of Machiavelli 1.1 Individual Firearms in the Documents of Machiavelli’s Time  2  Hand Firearms at the Time of the 1527-30 Ordinanza  3  Conclusions 2 “Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Section 2   Comparisons and Relationships between Machiavelli’s 1506 Militia and the Ordinanza of 1528-30  1 A Shared Background 1.1 The Need for New, Large, Permanent Armies  2 Differences 2.1 The Separation between the City and the Country Battalions 2.2 The Role of the New Militia Battalions in the Structure of the Florentine Army 2.3 Different Infantry Battle Techniques 3 “Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Section 3   The Role of the Peasants: Innovations within the Machiavellian Militia  1  The Administration of Justice  2  Benefiting and Rewarding   3 Conclusions 4 “Il modo dello armare presente” (“Fanterie d’oggi”), Section 4   Infantry Battle Techniques and Infantry Tactics in Machiavelli’s Militia of 1506 and in 1521 Art of War  1  Ravenna as a Turning Point: From the Swiss Model in the 1506 Militia to the ‘Third Order’ of Infantry in the Prince, Up to the Roman Archetype in the Art of War  2  Conclusions Part 2: The Reception of Machiavelli’s Art of War and the Fortune of the Militia Concept in Europe Introduction to Part 2: A Brief Introduction to the Fortune of Machiavelli in the Sixteenth Century  1  Machiavelli and Machiavellism  2  Historiography on the Art of War and This Book 5 The Circulation of Machiavelli’s Art of War in Early-Modern Europe, and Its Influence on Cultures of Warfare and on Experiments with Organizing Militias  1 France 1.1 The First French Translation of the Arte della guerra and the Publication of French Military Treatises Inspired by Machiavelli 1.2 A Lost Latin Translation?  2  Basle, Switzerland and the German-Speaking World  2.1 Appendix: a Little-Known (Anonymous) Huguenot French Theorist of Military Doctrine in Basle  3  The Creation of Infantry Legions in Sixteenth-Century France   4 Spanish Provinces: The Uses and the Misuses of Machiavelli by European Sovereigns  5  The Long-Standing Influence of the Art of War. Training and Discipline in the Late Sixteenth Century. The War in the Flanders and the Militia in England 6 Fortune, Misfortune, and the Decline of the Machiavellian Heroic Model of Military Glory in Early-Modern Europe   1 Collective Virtue: ‘Heroic’ Visions of the Infantry as ‘Warrior’: Contacts and Exchange of Ideas in Europe   2 Individual Virtue: The Machiavellian Concept of ‘Heroism’ and Its Transformations in Subsequent Military Thinking   3 The Declining Fortune of Machiavelli’s Concepts of Glory and Heroism 7 Conclusions  1  The Relationship between the Art of War, the New Standing Armies, the Wider Power Structures of European States, and the Connected Cultures of Warfare  3  Political Engagement and Civic Activism Appendix  1 Introduction: Some Notes on the Military Documentary Production of the Time, and on the Available Documentation  1.1 Practical and Administrative Records: Production, Preservation and Availability  1.2 The Records of the Nove di Ordinanza e Milizia   from 1527 to 1530: Loss, Preservation and New Discoveries 1.3 Short Summary of the Sources Effectively Used in This Appendix  2 Documents Bibliography Index of Names

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Book SynopsisThis book studies the Dutch mathematician Simon Stevin (1548-1620) as a new type of ‘man of knowledge’. Traditionally, Stevin is best known for his contributions to the ‘Archimedean turn’. This innovative volume moves beyond this conventional image by bringing many other aspects of his work into view, by analysing the connections between the multiple strands of his thinking and by situating him in a broader European context. Like other multi-talents (‘polymaths’) in his time (several of whom are discussed in this volume), Stevin made an important contribution to the transformation of the ideal of knowledge in early modern Europe. This book thus provides new insights into the phenomenon of ‘polymaths’ in general and in the case of Stevin in particular.Table of ContentsList of Figures Preface List of Contributors Introduction: Simon Stevin, Polymaths and Polymathy in the Early Modern Period Karel Davids, Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis, Rienk Vermij and Ida Stamhuis 1. The Engineer and the Philosopher. Reflections on the Culture and Economy of Mechanics in Court Society Pietro Daniel Omodeo 2. Vitruvian Universalism. On the Order of Mechanical Knowledge in Joseph Furttenbach the Elder (1591-1667) Jan Lazardzig 3. The Swedish Archimedes. The Formation of the Polymath Christopher Polhem David Dunér 4. Stevin’s Physical Geography: The World as a Chemical Furnace Rienk Vermij 5. The Art of Demonstration by Simon Stevin. Linguistic and Mathematical Innovation Marius Buning 6. Causality and the Reduction to Art in Simon Stevin's Mechanics Maarten Van Dyck 7. The Wise Origins of the Consten. Stevin and Sixteenth-century Debates on Arts, Mathematics, and Language Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis 8. Simon Stevin’s Age of the Sages. In Search of an Alternative Renaissance: Exploring Scientific Methods Based on Pre-Classical Authorities, Empirical Data and Pure Languages Charles van den Heuvel 9. Politics in the Vernacular. The Vita Politica. Het burgherlick leven (1590) as a Practical Handbook for Civic Life Catherine Secretan 10. Simon Stevin’s Music Theory Revisited: A Dialogue H. Floris Cohen and Julia Kursell Index

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Book SynopsisCrossing Cultural Boundaries in East Asia and Beyond explores the personal complexities and ambiguities, and the successes and failures, of crossing borders and boundaries. While the focus is on East Asia, it universalizes cultural anxieties with comparative cases in Russia and the United States. The authors primarily engage the individual experiences of border-crossing, rather than more typically those of political or social groups located at territorial boundaries. Drawing on those individual experiences, this volume presents an array of attempts to negotiate the discomforts of crossing personal borders, and attends to the intimate experiences of border crossers, whether they are traveling to an unfamiliar cultural location or encountering the “other” in local settings such as the classroom or the coffee shop.

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Book SynopsisJohann Michael Wansleben’s Travels in Turkey, 1673–1676 is a hitherto unpublished version of a remarkable description of Istanbul, Izmir, and Bursa by the German scholar traveller Wansleben. Wansleben was in the Ottoman Empire to buy manuscripts, statuary, and curios for the French king, but it is his off-hand observations about Ottoman society that often make Wansleben’s account such a valuable historical source. His experiences add to our knowledge of such diverse topics as prostitution in the Ottoman Empire, taxation, and the French consular system. His visit to Bursa is also noteworthy because few Western travellers included the first Ottoman capital in their tours of the East or described it at such length.Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements Illustrations Abbreviations Introduction 1 The Turkish Journal Appendix 1: Haraç Collection in Istanbul Appendix 2: Prostitution in Izmir Appendix 3: Protocol and Precedence Appendix 4: The Monetary System Appendix 5: Jean Foy-Vaillant’s Description of Bursa, 1670 Appendix 6: Westerners Entering Mosques in Istanbul Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisDescartes and the ‘Ingenium’ tracks the significance of embodied thought (ingenium) in the philosophical trajectory of the founding father of dualism. The first part of the book defines the notion of ingenium in relation to core concepts of Descartes's philosophy, such as memory and enumeration. It focuses on Descartes’s uses of this notion in methodical thinking, mathematics, and medicine. The studies in the second part place the Cartesian ingenium within preceding scholastic and humanist pedagogical and natural-philosophical traditions, and highlight its hitherto ignored social and political significance for Descartes himself as a member of the Republic of Letters. By embedding Descartes' notion of ingenium in contemporaneous medical, pedagogical, but also social and literary discourses, this volume outlines the fundamentally anthropological and ethical underpinnings of Descartes's revolutionary epistemology. Contributors: Igor Agostini, Roger Ariew, Harold J. Cook, Raphaële Garrod, Denis Kambouchner, Alexander Marr, Richard Oosterhoff, David Rabouin, Dennis L. Sepper, and Theo Verbeek.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations and Diagrams Abbreviations and Note on the Text Notes on Contributors Introduction: Descartes Re-imagined: Ingenuity before and beyond Dualism  Raphaële Garrod Part 1: Rethinking the Ingenium in the Cartesian Corpus. Method, Mathematics, Medicine 1 Methodical Invention: The Cartesian Ingenium at Work  Denis Kambouchner 2 Descartes and Logic: Perfecting the Ingenium  Roger Ariew 3 Enumeratio in Descartes’s Regulae ad directionem ingenii and Beyond  Theo Verbeek 4 Ingenium, Phantasia and Mathematics in Descartes’s Regulae ad directionem ingenii  David Rabouin 5 The Post-Regulae Direction of Ingenium in Descartes: Toward a Pragmatic Psychological Anthropology  Denis L. Sepper 6 Augustinian Souls and Epicurean Bodies? Descartes’s Corporeal Mind in Motion  Harold J. Cook Part 2: The Cartesian Ingenium in Context: Predecessors, Contemporaries, Successors 7 Ingenium between Descartes and the Scholastics  Igor Agostini 8 Methods of Ingenuity: The Renaissance Tradition behind Descartes’s Regulae  Richard J. Oosterhoff 9 La Politesse de L’esprit: Cartesian Pedagogy and the Ethics of Scholarly Exchanges  Raphaële Garrod 10 Postface: The Face of Ingenium: Simon Vouet’s Portrait of Descartes  Alexander Marr Bibliography Index of Names

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Book SynopsisHow did humans respond to the eighteenth-century discovery of countless new species of animals? This book explores the gamut of intense human-animal interactions: from love to cultural identifications, moral reflections, philosophical debates, classification systems, mechanical copies, insults and literary creativity. Dogs, cats and horses, of course, play central roles. But this volume also features human reflections upon parrots, songbirds, monkeys, a rhino, an elephant, pigs, and geese – all the way through to the admired silkworms and the not-so-admired bookworms. An exceptionally wide array of source materials are used in this volume’s ten separate contributions, plus the editorial introduction, to demonstrate this diversity. As eighteenth-century humans came to realise that they too are animals, they had to recast their relationships with their fellow living-beings on Planet Earth. And these considerations remain very much live ones to this day.Table of ContentsList of Figures Notes on Contributors / Notes sur les contributeurs 1 Editorial Introduction Animals from Pests and Predators to Companions and Cultural Markers   Penelope J. Corfield, Stefanie Stockhorst and Jürgen Overhoff 2 Introduction des editeurs Les animaux : de ravageurs et de prédateurs à des compagnons et des repères culturels   Penelope J. Corfield, Stefanie Stockhorst et Jürgen Overhoff 3 Human–Animal Relations in the Eighteenth Century Insights from Current Fields of Research   Anna-Marie Humbert 4 Of Dogs and Horses Frederick the Great and His Dearest Animals   Jürgen Overhoff 5 The Invention of the ‘Cheval-machine’ as a Medical Response to the Machine Paradigm of the Enlightenment Samuel Theodor Quellmaltz in Context   Stefanie Stockhorst 6 « Les animaux, nos confrères » dans l’œuvre de Voltaire   Halima Ouanada 7 On the Popularity of Songbirds in Eighteenth-Century German Fables   Kristin Eichhorn 8 The Talking Parrot Brazilian National Symbol and Avatar of Human Identity for John Locke   Antônio Carlos dos Santos 9 Troglodytes, the Monkey Diana and the Aping Swede – Carl Linnaeus on Apes   Annika Windahl Pontén 10 Les vers à soie et les vers dévoreurs de livres dans une bibliothèque des Lumières luxe et morbidité des ‘insectes changeants’ dans la poésie de Voltaire   Vanessa de Senarclens 11 Electoral Animals in Eighteenth-Century England   Matthew O. Grenby and Kendra Packham 12 “For I Will Consider My Cat Jeoffry” Cats and Creativity in Eighteenth-Century Britain   Penelope J. Corfield Index of Names / Index des noms Index of Non-Human Animals / Index des animaux non-humains

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Book SynopsisRecent research has established the continued importance of engagement with the classical tradition to the formation of scholarly, philosophical, theological, and scientific knowledge well into the eighteenth century. The Worlds of Knowledge and the Classical Tradition in the Early Modern Age is the first attempt to adopt a comparative approach to this phenomenon. An international team of scholars explores the differences and similarities – across time and place – in how the study and use of ancient texts and ideas shaped a wide range of fields: nascent classics, sexuality, chronology, metrology, the study of the soul, medicine, the history of Judaeo-Christian interaction, and biblical criticism. By adopting a comparative approach, this volume brings out some of the most important factors in explaining the contours of early modern intellectual life. Contributors: Karen Hollewand, Dmitri Levitin, Jan Machielsen, Ian Maclean, C. Philipp E. Nothaft, Cesare Pastorino, Michelle Pfeffer, Jetze Touber, Timothy Twining, and Floris Verhaart.Table of ContentsList of Figures  Introduction   Dmitri Levitin PART 1 Secular Classical Scholarship 1  National Traditions in Scholarship  The French and Dutch Schools of Classical Scholarship at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century   Floris Verhaart 2 Sex and the Classics  The Approaches of Early Modern Humanists to Ancient Sexuality   Karen Hollewand PART 2 The Arts 3 “Three Days and Three Nights in the Heart of the Earth”  Chronological Debates over the Period of Christ’s Rest in the Tomb in the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Centuries   C. Philipp E. Nothaft 4 The Early Modern Study of Ancient Measures in Comparative Perspective  A Preliminary Investigation   Cesare Pastorino 5 The Pentateuch and the Immortality of the Soul in England and the Dutch Republic  The Confessionalisation of a Claim   Michelle Pfeffer PART 3 Medicine 6 Sacred Medicine in Early Modern Europe   Jetze Touber 7 The Reception of Hippocrates by Physicians at the End of the Seventeenth Century  A Comparative Study   Ian Maclean PART 4 Theology 8 What’s in a Name? Essenes, Therapeutae, and Monks in the Christian Imagination, c.1500–1700   Jan Machielsen 9 Publishing a Prohibited Criticism  Richard Simon, Pierre Bayle, and Erudition in Late Seventeenth-Century Intellectual Culture   Timothy Twining 10 European Scholarship on the Formation of the New Testament Canon, c.1700  Polemic, Erudition, Emulation   Dmitri Levitin Index

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Book SynopsisHow did medical students become Galenic physicians in the early modern era? Making Physicians guides the reader through the ancient sources, textbooks, lecture halls, gardens, dissecting rooms, and patient bedsides in the early decades of an important medical school. Standard pedagogy combined book learning and hands-on experience. Professors and students embraced Galen’s models for integrating reason and experience, and cultivated humanist scholarship and argumentation, which shaped their study of chymistry, medical botany, and clinical practice at patients' bedsides, in private homes and in the city hospital. Following Galen’s emphasis on finding and treating the sick parts, professors correlated symptoms and the evidence from post-mortems to produce new pathological knowledge.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction: Bodies of Knowledge in the Late Renaissance  1 Following Galen to Find the Seats and Causes of Disease  2 Disease Displayed in Private, Public, and Clinical Anatomies  3 Reconstructing Intellectual Microcosms  4 Pedagogy and Practices  5 Making Medicines from Books, Gardens, and Chymistry  6 Experience, Empiricism, and Experiment  7 Plan of Chapters 1 Contexts for the Medical Curriculum  1 Medicine for a Young Republic in the 1575 Founding  2 University, City, State  3 The Harvest of Trials from Earlier Sixteenth-Century Academic Medicine  4 Experience and Experiment in Early Leiden Mixed Mathematics and Engineering  5 The Humanist, Practical Education of Medical Professors  6 Early Medical Curricula  7 Conclusions 2 Ideals of Learning and Reading  1 Ideals of Curing Bodies by Reason and Experience  2 The Virtues of Disputation for Learning and Exams  3 Study Guides for Sharpening the Ingenium (Wit) of the Brain  4 Student Life and the Vices of Embodied Learners  5 Conclusions 3 Lecturing about Philosophical Bodies  1 Core Philosophy and Theory  2 Basic Principles vs. Hope for Certainty  3 Galen on Faculties, Matter, and Souls  4 Galen among Ancient Sources on “Powers” or Faculties  5 Early Modern Medical Discussions of Faculties  6 Conclusions 4 Learning to Make Medicines: Reading, Viewing, Tasting, and Testing  1 Fire and Transmutation  2 Chymical Teaching in the Lecture Hall  3 Cultivating Knowledge and Medicinal Simples in the Garden  4 Naturalists Knowing Plants by Experience and Experiment  5 God’s Medicines and Models of Making Trials  6 Galen’s Models for Knowing Drugs and Making Trials  7 Medieval and Early Modern Debates over Sensing and Knowing Medicinal Faculties  8 Making and Knowing Medicines with Johannes Heurnius’ New Method  9 Conclusions 5 Knowing and Treating the Diseased Body  1 The Malfunctioning Seats of Diseases  2 Seats of Diseases after Galen  3 Knowing Material and Other Causes of Diseases  4 Teaching Students to Treat the Faulty Part  5 Localizing Diseases in Students’ Disputations  6 Conclusions 6 Disease Displayed in Public and Private Anatomies  1 Anatomy Serving the Practice of Physicians and Surgeons  2 Piety and Decorum  3 Disease Displayed in Public and Private Anatomies  4 Generation and Murder  5 Cutting to the Causes of Disease and Death  6 Conclusions 7 Innovation and Clinical Anatomies  1 The Pulse Controversy and Anatomical Innovation  2 Early Clinical Training and Anatomies  3 Founding Regular Bedside Learning at the Hospital  4 Causes, Histories, and Therapy Displayed in Diseased Bodies  5 Diseases and Remedies from Across the Dutch Empire  6 Tracking Diseases by Clinical Signs and Post-Mortem Evidence  7 Making New Knowledge of Phthisis (Consumption)  8 Later Leiden Pedagogy and a New Theory of Phthisis  9 Conclusions Conclusion: A Microcosm of Medical Learning and Practices Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume offers new insight into key developments in the history of protection for patent rights during the period 1791-1883. The author presents a detailed examination of the underlying theoretical bases advanced for the protection of patents in various key European countries, and including new material focusing on the political rhetoric of protagonists and opponents of the patent system during the course of the patent abolitionist debates of the 1860s and 1870s. Finally, the book examines in detail the factors which prompted the movement towards international protection of patents, culminating in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883.

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Book SynopsisThe German-Austrian social theorist and philosopher Leo Kofler (1907–1995) represents what Oskar Negt once called ‘unmutilated, living Marxism’. Throughout his life he dealt with issues of history and modernity, Marxist philosophy and the critique of ideology, philosophical anthropology and aesthetics. In this volume, author and Kofler biographer Christoph Jünke elucidates the contours of his philosophy of praxis, traces an arc from the socialist classics to postmodernism, and outlines the socialist humanist thinker’s enduring relevance. The book also includes six essays by Leo Kofler published in English for the first time. The main work was first published in German as Leo Koflers Philosophie der Praxis: Eine Einführung in sein Denken by Laika Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-944233-33-8. Copyright by Laika Verlag.Table of ContentsPreface to the English Edition List of Illustrations 1 A Border Crosser of the Twentieth Century 2 From Classical Socialism to the Critique of Neoliberal Globalisation: Leo Kofler’s Marxism as Theory Intended for Practice 3 Kofler’s Critique of Stalinism 4 Socialist Humanism, Human Nature and Marxist Anthropology 5 The Debate over a Marxist Aesthetics: Going beyond Adorno and Lukács with Kofler and Lefebvre 6 Pseudo-Nature and Pseudo-Critique: Krahl, Kofler, and the Critique of the Frankfurt School with the Intention of Practice Timetable of the Life and Work of Leo Kofler Illustrations Appendix: Six Essays by Kofler On Freedom [1951] Liberalism and Democracy [1959/1972] The Progressive Elite [1959] The Concept of Society in Historical Materialism [1956] The Three Main Stages of Dialectical Social Philosophy [1966] The Anthropology of Consciousness in the Materialism of Karl Marx [1983] Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThe phrase “free, compulsory, and secular” is central to Australia’s understanding of its own education system. Yet the extent to which education in Australia, or anywhere else for that matter, can be described as “secular” is never clear or settled. This work examines the history of education in Australia, from 1910 through to the present, through an interdisciplinary survey of key scholarship and a series of six original case studies. It seeks to uncover the extent to which the education system has undergone a process of secularisation and argues that the very meaning of the term “secular” is always contingent and changeable.Table of ContentsContents List of Tables Abstract Keywords  Part 1: Secularisation and Australian Education: Definitions and Approaches  Part 2: Religious Instruction and State Schools: Expansion and Constraint in the Early Twentieth Century  Part 3: Government and Non-government Schools: Questions of Faith, Choice, and Control in the 1960s and 1970s  Part 4: Twenty-First Century Debates: Christian Influence in a Complex System  Part 5: Conclusion  Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisThis encyclopaedia showcases the explanatory power of Marxist educational theory and practice. The entries have been written by 51 leading authors from across the globe. The 39 entries cover an impressive range of contemporary issues and historical problematics. The editor has designed the book to appeal to readers within the Marxism and education intellectual tradition, and also those who are curious newcomers, as well as critics of Marxism. The Encyclopaedia of Marxism and Education is the first of its kind. It is a landmark text with relevance for years to come for the productive dialogue between Marxism and education for transformational thinking and practice.Trade Review"The encyclopaedia not only provides a thorough critique of the effects of neoliberal policies on education but also unravels a myriad of reasons for the condition of our world, which is marked by super-exploitation and intensification of labour, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. [...] This encyclopaedia illuminates a path out of the growing darkness, which threatens not only the human species but our whole planet because capitalism shapes not only people in the Global North and South but also adversely affects Nature through commodification and marketisation". Dr. Dilnaz Boga and Rohit Ranjan in CounterCurrents.org. Read the full review here.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors 1 Introduction  Alpesh Maisuria 2 The 4th Industrial Revolution, Post-Capitalism, Waged Labour and Vocational Education  James Avis 3 Alienation and Education  Richard Hall 4 Alternatives to Capitalism  Peter Hudis 5 Capital Accumulation and Education  John Fraser Rice 6 Colonialisms and Class  Spyros Themelis 7 Communism: The Party – Pedagogy and Revolution from Marx to China  Collin L. Chambers and Derek R. Ford 8 Corporate State: “Downhill All the Way” – Education in England from Welfare to Corporate State  Patrick Ainley 9 Critical Education  Sandra Mathison and E. Wayne Ross 10 Critical Realism  Grant Banfield 11 Cuban-Marxist Education  Rosi Smith, Leticia de las Mercedes García Rosabal and Maikel J. Ortiz Bosch 12 Dialectical Materialism (Materialist Dialectics)  Constantine (Kostas) Skordoulis 13 Disaster Education  John Preston 14 Early Childhood, Feminism, and Marx  Rachel Rosen and Jan Newberry 15 Employment: Education without Jobs – Young People, Qualifications, and Employment in 21st Century Britain  Martin Allen 16 Ethnography of Education and Marxism: Education Research for Social Transformation  Dennis Beach 17 Freire, Paulo (1921–1997) as a Marxist Revolutionary for Education  Juha Suoranta 18 Gramsci, Antonio (1891–1937): Culture and Education  Peter Mayo 19 Green Marxism  Simon Boxley 20 Guevara, Ernesto “Che” (1928–1967)  Peter McLaren and Lilia D. Monzó 21 Intersectionality: Scaling Intersectional Praxes  Gregory Martin and Benjamin “Benji” Chang 22 Lenin, Vladimir (1870–1924) and Education  Juha Suoranta and Robert FitzSimmons 23 Liberation Theology  Peter McLaren 24 Luxemburg, Rosa (1871–1919) and Education  Julia Damphouse and Sebastian Engelmann 25 Managerialism and Higher Education  Goran Puaca 26 Marxism and Education: [Closed] and … Open …  Glenn Rikowski 27 Marxism and Human Rights against Capitalism  Daniel Hedlund and Magnus Nilsson 28 Marxist Feminism and Education: Gender, Race, and Class  Sara Carpenter and Shahrzad Mojab 29 Middle Classes of the World  Göran Therborn 30 Neo-Liberalism and Revolution: Marxism for Emerging Critical Educators  Alpesh Maisuria 31 New Left, Anarchism and Education  Nick Stevenson 32 Palestine: Education in Mandate Palestine  Bernard Regan 33 Plebs League: Towards a Modern Plebs League  Colin Waugh 34 Postdigital Marxism  Petar Jandrić 35 Poverty: Class, Poverty and Neo-Liberalism  Terry Wrigley 36 Public Pedagogy  Mike Cole 37 Public University: The Political Economy of the Public University  David Harvie, Mariya Ivancheva and Robert Ovetz 38 Social Class: Education, Social Class and Marxist Theory  Dave Hill and Alpesh Maisuria 39 State and Private Capital: Education, State and Capital  Ravi Kumar and Rama Paul 40 World-Systems Critical Education  Tom G. Griffiths Index

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume provides a comparative exploration of corresponding concepts of the abyss in various languages and cultures. Fourteen chapters investigate ancient cultures such as Hebrew, Ancient Greek, Sanskrit and Old Norse, but also more contemporary American, African and Asian languages, such as Hawaiian, Umbundu, Chinese and Khasi, as well as European languages, such as German, Estonian, English, French, Polish and Russian. The book combines ethnolinguistics with history of ideas, literature, folklore, religion and translation, based on the conviction that language and our linguistic concepts give evidence of and shape our ideas about the world and about ourselves.Trade Review"Brill's dynamic peer-reviewed series Textxet: Studies in Comparative Literature has since the mid-1990s been publishing monographs and edited collections on a range of subfields within the capacious field of comparative literature. The nearly 100 scholarly monographs published as part of Textxet engage rigorously with theories of literature, world literature, and literature and thought from around the globe, frequently from interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. Soon to be fully digitized and accessible, Textxet has contributed significantly to the study of comparative literature, broadly conceived, in Europe and North America, and to literature studies more broadly, particularly in the discipline's many emerging subfields. Publishing the work of both established scholars and recent Ph.D.'s, Textxet gives scholars of all generations a platform for sharing their best work, and inspiring vigorous scholarly conversations" --Karen Thornber, Harvard University, USA, author of Global Healing: Literature, Advocacy, Care(2020)Table of ContentsForeword Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: The Abyss as a Concept for Cultural Theory, and German Abgrund: The Ambivalence of the Human  Marko Pajević Part 1 Ancient Cultures 1 Praising God’s Creation in the Abyss: tǝhōm in Biblical and Apocalyptic Literature  Urmas Nõmmik 2 The Origins of the ἄΒυσσος in Greek  Janika Päll 3 The Birth of the Abyss in the Rigveda  Sven Sellmer 4 Before the Creation in Old Norse Mythology—Empty Abyss or Crowded Place  Daniel Sävborg Part 2 American, African and Asian Cultures 5 Hānau ka Pō: The Abyss in Hawaiian Thought  Michael David Kaulana Ing 6 The Void Against Transparency: Translating the Abyss into Umbundu  Iracema Dulley 7 Abyss, Chaos, and Emptiness. A Journey to the Depths of the Chinese Intellectual Tradition  Lisa Indraccolo 8 The Abyss in the Indigenous Khasi Worldview: The Search for Traditional Models  Margaret Lyngdoh and Laur Järv Part 3 European Cultures 9 Journey to the North: The Experience of the Abyss in Mythology and Philosophy  Jaanus Sooväli and Hasso Krull 10 An Exploration of the Meaning and Usage of Abyss in English  Violeta Stojicić 11 In Search of Abyssos in Contemporary French Through Lexical Pathways  Arkadiusz Koselak-Marechal 12 The Abyss in Polish  Adam Głaz 13 The Doubling of Bezdna: Notes on the Russian Poetic Concept of Abyss  Roman Leibov

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Book SynopsisAn experiment with language. Is it an object cultivated in poetic laboratories where entry is locked for mere mortals? And what do language scholars think about it? Specialists in language and literature studies interested in linguistic innovation and experimental poetry will find answers to these questions in Vladimir Feshchenko’s book. The study investigates various strategies of radical linguistic creativity in Russian and American experimental writing of the 20th century and explores cases of contemporary ‘language-oriented’ and ‘trans-language’ poetry. It is a comparative examination of two national avant-garde cultures, but also a juxtaposition of the relationships that Russian and American avant-garde poetics had with linguistic ideas of their times. The monograph may serve as a wonderful introduction to the entire field of ‘linguistic poetics of the avant-garde’.

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Book SynopsisThe cultural change denominated as “the new normal” goes far beyond the adaptation to habits like physical distancing, limited person-to-person contact, teleworking, and self-isolation established with the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of significant transformations in human behavior spreads today in societies all around the world: physical intimacy decreases while virtual reality expands and alterity declines while artificial intelligence emerges, leading to structural reconfigurations of sex, relationships, gender awareness, and subjectivity. Sexuality and Eroticism in a Post-pandemic World explores this new cultural atmosphere through twelve interdisciplinary essays questioning global governmentality and challenging the biopolitics of the new normal—the administration of self-control societies so politically correct that repressed desire for otherness only finds a simulation of its satisfaction with the forced abnormality, outrageousness, and violence of mainstream porn—, going from ars erotica to alternative pornography, from online dating to gender fluidity, from LGBTQI+ artivism to sex life cultivation, and more.Table of ContentsForeword Preface List of Figures Notes on Contributors Introduction to the “New Normal” Biopolitics, Sexuality and Eroticism in a Post-pandemic World   Phil Shining Part 1 Beyond Repression: Defying the Moral Codes of 21st Century Authoritarianism 1 Transgressing the New Normal Sexuality and Obscenity in a Post-pandemic Spain   Assumpta Sabuco Cantó 2 A Media Pandemic Sexualized Right-Wing Populism and the Politics of Mis-sublimation   Sophia Kanaouti 3 A Room of Whose Own? Pleasure and Privacy in Pre-and Post-pandemic Havana   Dara E. Goldman Part 2 Beyond Sex: Embodying Pleasure and Sexuality in Times of Social Distancing 4 Pleasure in the Face of Death Poetry and Self-realization   Rita Dirks 5 The Touch We Miss   Nebojsa Kujundzic Part 3 Beyond Gender: Challenging Patriarchal and Heteronormative Sex Education through Alternative Pornography 6 Alt Porn as a New Sexual Script   Dionne van Reenen and Robert Scott Stewart 7 Sex & Love in the Time of Quarantine Re-signifying Gender and Erotic Representations—Erika Lust-Style   Lily Martinez Evangelista and M. Emilia Barbosa Part 4 Beyond the Senses: Immersing into Self-exploration through Visual and Plastic Arts 8 The Hunger for Touch Fatih Akin’s Gegen die Wand (Head-On) and the Cinema of Sensation   Şebnem Nazlı Karalı and George Karpathakis 9 pros-thesis   Lawrence Buttigieg 10 Scream at Life The Self as Erotic Figure   Jon Braddy Part 5 Beyond the Ego: Embracing the Spiritual Possibilities of Desire 11 The Era of the Erotic Understanding Epochal Change through Tantra and Christianity   John R. Dupuche 12 Sex Life Cultivation Ars Erotica as an Alternative to Sex Education and Sex Therapy   Phil Shining Index

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Book SynopsisThis collection of 19 essays is the first one devoted to function-oriented analyses of intermedial interrelationships in literature, art, music, and film. The contributors — among others, Werner Wolf, James Heffernan, Walter Bernhart, Siglind Bruhn, Claus Clüver, Valerie Robillard, and Tamar Yacobi — are leading international scholars in the field of intermediality. The common basis of the essays in this volume — ranging from intermedial studies of medieval liturgical practices, early cinema, modernist art, ekphrasis, music and literature, art and literature, film and literature, hymns, and pop music, to the musical and technological aspects of Concrete poetry — is the ambition to pay attention to the cultural contexts that enhance the significance of these intermedial works and trends under examination. Since the contributions cover different types of intermedial endeavours from various periods and times, a kind of historicizing perspective is outlined. So, in pursuit of a still lacking coherent historical survey of cultural functions of intermediality, this volume might be recognized as a step towards such a Funktionsgeschichte for intermedial exploration.Table of ContentsThe Editors: Introduction: In Pursuit of Functional Aspects of Intermedia Studies Werner WOLF: Towards a Functional Analysis of Intermediality: The Case of Twentieth-Century Musicalized Fiction James HEFFERNAN: Literacy and Picturacy: How Do We Learn to Read Pictures? Helena BODIN: Metaphor and Metonymy in the Byzantine Representation of the Divine: Remarks on the Interart Aspects of Byzantine Aesthetics Nils Holger PETERSEN: Intermedial Strategy and Spirituality in the Emerging Opera: Gagliano’s Dafne and Confraternity Devotion Kristin RYGG: Mystification through Musicalization and Demystification through Music: The Case of Haugtussa Vreni HOCKENJOS: Strindberg and the Sciopticon Bengt EDLUND: Musical Conception of Abstract Film: The Case of Viking Eggeling’s Diagonal Symphony Siglind BRUHN: Three Ways of Listening to Birds on a Crank: Musical Interpretations of Paul Klee’s Witty Criticism of Modern Culture Valerie K. ROBILLARD: On the Virtue of Hindsight: William Carlos Williams and the Abstract Expressionists. Paul TENNGART: Poetry as Music: The Significance of Musicalized Poetry in the Aftermath of Swedish Modernism Claus CLÜVER: Concrete Sound Poetry: Between Poetry and Music Jesper OLSSON: Typewriter; Tape Recorder & Concrete Poetry Tamar YACOBI: Ekphrasis and Perspectival Structure Johan STENSTRÖM: The Representation of Orthodox Icons in the Poetry of Ingemar Leckius Mona SANDQVIST: The Voice of the Artefact in Göran Sonnevi’s “Burge, Öja; 1989” Ulla-Britta LAGERROTH: Gazing at ‘The Female Nude’: Gendered Functions of a Visual Icon in Some Modern Texts Walter BERNHART: The ‘Destructiveness of Music’: Functional Intermedia Disharmony in Popular Songs Anders OHLSSON: The Filmicalized Novel and the Medialization of Life: Ben Eltons Popcorn Inger SELANDER: Ways and Functions of Intermedial Relationships between Text and Tune in Hymns Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index of Names

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