Grammar, syntax and morphology Books

Book SynopsisIn this book, Peter Juul Nielsen examines the foundations of morphological theory from a structural-functional perspective on language as a sign system. He offers a framework for the analysis of morpheme relations based on a thorough discussion of syntagmatic and paradigmatic structure, indexical relations, zero as meaningful absence and morphological relations across grammatical categories. It is argued that when paradigmatically related morphological structures have different syntactic functions, the semantics of the paradigmatic opposition consists in the specification of functional potential. The framework is applied in three detailed studies of Danish nonfinite verbs presenting new accounts of their morphological structure, semantic coding and paradigmatic organisation.

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Book SynopsisIn The Dura Language: Grammar & Phylogeny Nicolas Schorer provides the definite descriptive account of this hitherto poorly documented language of Lamjung, Nepal. The Dura language is effectively extinct, although attempts at revival may be undertaken by well-intentioned members of Dura ethnicity. On the basis of a comprehensive study and analysis of all of the extant Dura language material, the book outlines the phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, lexical and syntactic properties as well as the phylogenetic position of the language in unprecedented detail. The result of the phylogenetic inquiry will help explain some of the sociocultural realities associated with the Dura community in Nepal and is a significant contribution to our understanding of the linguistic landscape of the Himalayas.

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Book SynopsisThis series of lectures provides an overview of the author's work on quantitative applications in cognitive linguistics by discussing a wide range of studies involving corpus-linguistic as well as experimental work. After a discussion of how corpus linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and psycholinguistics relate to each other, the author discusses empirical and statistical studies of a wide variety of phenomena including morphophonology (morphological blends and alliteration effects), corpus-based cognitive semantics, frequency and association at the syntax-lexis interface. The book concludes with chapters exemplifying the role that bottom-up approaches can take, the role of statistical methods more generally, and the role of converging evidence from corpus and experimental data.The lectures for this book were given at The China International Forum on Cognitive Linguistics in May 2013. In the e-book version all handouts have been made available at the back. All audio of the lectures as well as the handouts are available for free, in Open Access, here.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents a synthesis of cognitive linguistic theory and research on first and second language acquistion, language processing, individual differences in linguistic knowledge, and on the role of multi-word chunks and low-level schemas in language production and comprehension. It highlights the tension between “linguists’ grammars”, which are strongly influenced by principles such as economy and elegance, and “speakers’ grammars”, which are often messy, less than fully general, and sometimes inconsistent, and argues that cognitive linguistics is an empirical science which combines study of real usage events and experiments which rigorously test specific hypotheses.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains a selection of recent theoretical studies, deriving from presentations at the 16th International Morphology Meeting (Budapest, 2014), on the organization of morphological paradigms, paradigm complexity, and the inflectional marking of morphosyntactic relations, as well as on the application of information theory to the analysis of morphological systems aiming to achieve a clearer understanding of the close relation between notions of ‘morphological information’ based on ‘uncertainty’ and ‘uncertainty reduction’ and the error-driven structure of discriminative learning models.

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Book SynopsisTangam is a critically endangered Trans-Himalayan (Tibeto-Burman) language spoken by around 150 hilltribespeople in the far Eastern Himalaya. A member of the Tani subgroup of Trans-Himalayan, Tangam is mutually-unintelligible with other languages of this otherwise relatively homogeneous subgroup. This is demonstrated to be a consequence of Tangam's early-branching status within the Western Tani subgroup, subsequent contact with Eastern Tani languages, and historical relationship with speakers of Bodic languages. Based on three field trips to the Tangam-speaking area over two years, this work presents a brief but comprehensive cultural, historical and grammatical introduction to the Tangam language, together with a trilingual lexicon in Tangam, English and Minyong, and a collection of fully-analysed texts. It will be of interest to linguists and anthropologists of the Himalayan region, as well as to historical linguists and language typologists.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents a comprehensive study of Arabic morpho-phonology with its basics and intricacies, by making available a wide range of material from the 8th century A.D. until our days and exploring the main topics that arise. It uses as its point of departure an unused source: the end of the 13th century Marāḥ al-arwāḥ by Aḥmad b. ‘alī Mas‘ūd, which is critically edited and provided with an introduction, an English translation and an extensive commentary. It offers an analysis of many grammatical theories, paradigms, qur'anical citations, verses of poetry, dialectal variants and Semitic words and concludes with various indices that make the enormous body of information easily accessible.Trade Review"…excellently well produced…" - M.G. Carter, Bibliotheca Orientalis, 2004 "Insgesamt handelt es sich um eine wissenschaftlich und didaktisch durchaus wertvolle Publikation, die einen guten Einblick in ein späteres Stadium in der Entwicklung der nativen arabischen Morpho-Phonologie gibt." - Lutz Edzard, Orientalistische Literaturzeitung, Vol. 115, 2020

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Book SynopsisThe Kurux Language: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon by Masato Kobayashi and Bablu Tirkey is a comprehensive description of Kurux, a northern Dravidian tribal language with two million speakers. Isolated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Eastern India, Kurux shows a unique mixture of archaic Dravidian traits and innovations induced by contact with neighboring Indo-Aryan and Munda languages, and has posed questions regarding language change and Dravidian subgrouping. Making use of first-hand materials from their fieldwork, Kobayashi and Tirkey analyze the complexities of the language in the grammar section. This book also contains transcribed and glossed texts, and a lexicon with more than 9,000 entries, and serves both as reference for linguists and learning resource for students.Table of ContentsList of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction  § 1 Typological Overview  § 2 Profile of the Language  § 3 Language Endangerment  § 4 Writing Systems and Transcription  § 5 Name of the Language  § 6 Dialectal Variation  § 7 Genetic Relationship  § 8 Lexicon  § 9 Convergence  § 10 Previous Studies  § 11 Fieldwork and Materials  § 12 Organization of the Book  § 13 Acknowledgment Grammar 2 Phonology  § 14 Vowels  § 15 Vowel Length  § 16 Umlaut  § 17 Consonants  § 18 Geminates and Singletons  § 19 Metathesis and Linearity  § 20 Syllable  § 21 Stress and Rhythm  § 22 Intonation  § 23 Morphophonology  § 24 Sound Changes up to Proto-Kurux-Malto  § 25 Phonological Alternations within Kurux  § 26 Summary of Historical Phonology 3 Morphology  § 27 Characteristics of Kurux Morphology  § 28 Parts of Speech  § 29 Nouns: Nominal Stems and Bases  § 30 Nouns: Gender  § 31 Nouns: Number  § 32 Nouns: Cases  § 33 Diminutive and Augmentative  § 34 Compound Nouns and Adjectives  § 35 Pronouns: Personal Pronouns  § 36 Pronouns: Reflexives  § 37 Pronouns: Possessives  § 38 Pronouns: Demonstratives  § 39 Pronouns: Interrogatives and Indefinites  § 40 Pronouns: Cases of Personal and Reflexive Pronouns  § 41 Pronouns: Cases of Demonstratives and Interrogatives  § 42 Adpositions  § 43 Agreement Suffix and Predicative Nominals  § 44 Adjectives: Simple  § 45 Adjectives in -taː, -iyaː, -madʰheː and -aːboː  § 46 Adjectives: Suffixes Deriving Demonyms etc.  § 47 Numerals and Classifiers  § 48 Adverbs  § 49 Preverbs  § 50 Verbs  § 51 Verbal Roots and Verbal Bases  § 52 Past Stem and the Primary Verb Classes  § 53 Irregular Verb Inflection  § 54 Verb Inflection: Simple Tenses  § 55 Complex Aspectual Forms: Perfect  § 56 Complex Aspectual Forms: Progressive  § 57 Complex Aspectual Forms: ciʔ-aː Benefactive  § 58 Verb Inflection: Modal Forms  § 59 Verb Inflection: Inter-Female Forms  § 60 Copula and Existential Verbs  § 61 Copular Clauses and Concord  § 62 Derived Verbal Bases  § 63 Frequentative Verbs  § 64 Infinitives  § 65 Inflection Reduction  § 66 Perfect and Imperfect Participles  § 67 Agentive Participle  § 68 Adverbial Participles  § 69 Converb  § 70 Origin of the Kurux-Malto Past Inflection 4 Syntax and Pragmatics  § 71 Word Order  § 72 Coordinating Conjunctions  § 73 Subordinating Conjunctions  § 74 Complementizer  § 75 Reflexives and Logophorics  § 76 Relative Clauses  § 77 The -madʰheː Construction and Adnominal PPs  § 78 Conditional and Counterfactual  § 79 Complex Predicates  § 80 Voice and Argument Alternation  § 81 Passive and Grammatical Relations  § 82 Stative Passive Construction  § 83 Use of the -aː Infinitive  § 84 Use of the -naː Infinitive  § 85 Non-nominative Subjects  § 86 Impersonal Construction  § 87 Topic and Focus  § 88 Phrasal Clitics  § 89 Clausal Clitics 5 Semantics  § 90 Spatial Deixis  § 91 Animacy, Number, Gender and Person  § 92 Use of the Copular Verbs  § 93 Possession  § 94 Question  § 95 Deictic Verbs  § 96 Definiteness and Differential Object Marking  § 97 Lexical Aspect  § 98 Use of the Simple Tenses  § 99 Use of the Aspectual Forms  § 100 Modality  § 101 Use of the Causative  § 102 Function of the Passive Voice  § 103 Volition or Control over the Action  § 104 Negation  § 105 Negative Polarity Items  § 106 Politeness  § 107 Use of Cases: Nominative  § 108 Use of Cases: Accusative  § 109 Use of Cases: Dative  § 110 Use of Cases: Instrumental-Ablative  § 111 Use of Cases: Genitive  § 112 Use of Cases: Locative 6 Lexicon  § 113 Characteristics of the Kurux Lexicon  § 114 Inherited Etyma  § 115 Loanwords and Toponyms  § 116 Source of Loanwords  § 117 Semantic Shift, Doublets and False Friends  § 118 Kinship Terms  § 119 Personal Names  § 120 Echo Words and Onomatopoeia  § 121 Interjections  § 122 Euphemistic Expression  § 123 Fauna and Flora Texts 7 Glossed Texts  § 124 Home Visit (Dialogue)  § 125 From Bablu Tirkey, Poor Ropna’s Dream (2017)  § 126 Sone the Vulture  § 127 Life Story of a Farmer  § 128 The Bihar Famine (1966–1967) and my Father  § 129 Letiya the Thief  § 130 Building a Career  § 131 King’s Seven Daughters and a Rakshas  § 132 Story of Two Orphans and the Banyan Seed  § 133 Seven Brothers and a Sister  § 134 Story of a Man and a Tiger  § 135 Myth of Fire and Rain  § 136 Why Oraons Observe the Karam Festival Lexicon Bibliography Word Index General Index

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Book SynopsisProfessor György Kara, an outstanding member of academia, celebrated his 80th birthday recently. His students and colleagues commemorate this occasion with papers on a wide range of topics in Altaic Studies, with a focus on the literacy, culture and languages of the steppe civilizations.Table of ContentsForeword Preface List of Figures and Tables 1 The Yibu (譯部) Chapter of the Lulongsai lüe (盧龍塞略)  Ákos Bertalan Apatóczky 2 Middle Turkic Dialects as Seen in Chinese Transcriptions from the Mongol Yuan Era  Christopher P. Atwood 3 The Scent of a Woman: Allegorical Misogyny in a Sa skya pa Treatise on Salvation in Pre-Classical Mongolian Verse  Brian Baumann 4 Some Aspects of the Language Usage of Darkhat and Oirat Female Shamans  Ágnes Birtalan 5 Some Remarks on Page Fragments of a Mongol Book of Taoist Content from Qaraqota  Otgon Borjigin 6 Pronouns and Other Terms of Address in Khalkha Mongolian  Benjamin Brosig 7 Past Tenses, Diminutives and Expressive Palatalization: Typology and the Limits of Internal Reconstruction in Tungusic  José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente 8 From Tatar to Magyar: Notes on Central Eurasian Ethnonyms in -r  Juha Janhunen 9 A Mongolian Text of Confession  Olivér Kápolnás and Alice Sárközi 10 The Role of Ewenki VgV in Mongolic Reconstructions  Bayarma Khabtagaeva 11 Contraction, anticipation et persévération en mongol xalx : quelques réflexions  Jacques Legrand 12 The Dongxiang (Santa) Ending -ğuŋ and Its Allies  Hans Nugteren 13 Sino-Mongolica in the Qırġız Epic Poem Kökötöy’s Memorial Feast by Saġımbay Orozbaq uulu  Daniel Prior 14 Badəkšaan  Elisabetta Ragagnin 15 Kollektaneen zum Uigurischen Wörterbuch: Zwei Weisheiten und Drei Naturen im Uigurischen Buddhismus  Von Klaus Röhrborn 16 Some Medical and Related Terms in Middle Mongɣol  Volker Rybatzki 17 Reflexes of the *VgV and *VxV Groups in the Mongol Vocabulary of the Sino-Mongol Glossary Dada yu/Beilu yiyu (Late 16th–Early 17th Cent.)  Pavel Rykin 18 Early Serbi-Mongolic—Tungusic Lexical Contact: Jurchen Numerals from the 室韋 Shirwi (Shih-wei) in North China  Andrew Shimunek 19 On the Phenomeno-Logic behind some Mongolian Verbs  Ines Stolpe and Alimaa Senderjav 20 Spelling Variation in Cornelius Rahmn’s Kalmuck Manuscripts as Evidence for Sound Changes  Jan-Olof Svantesson 21 Four Tungusic Etymologies  Alexander Vovin 22 Zum Werktitel mongolischer Texte seit dem 17. Jahrhundert  Michael Weiers 23 The Last-Words of Xiao Chala Xianggong in Khitan Script  Wu Yingzhe 24 Proper Names in the Oirat Translation of “The Sutra of Golden Light”  Natalia Yakhontova Tabula gratulatoria Index

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a detailed formal machinery for the conversion of the Semantic Analyses (SAs) of sentences into surface structures of English, French, German, Dutch, and to some extent Turkish. The SAs are propositional structures consisting of a predicate and one, two or three argument terms, some of which can themselves be propositional structures. The surface structures are specified up to, but not including, the morphology. The book is thus an implementation of the programme formulated first by Albert Sechehaye (1870-1946) and then, independently, by James McCawley (1938-1999) in the school of Generative Semantics. It is the first, and so far the only formally precise and empirically motivated machinery in existence converting meaning representations into sentences of natural languages.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is a collection of grammar sketches from several Italo-Romance varieties. The contributions cover various areas of linguistics (phonology, morphology, syntax) and are organized in sections according to the customary geolinguistic classification. Each chapter provides the description of a salient phenomenon for a given language, based on novel data, as well as the state-of-the-art knowledge on that phenomenon. The articles are in-depth studies carried out by prominent experts as well as promising young scholars. The theoretical apparatus is kept to a minimum in order to make the book accessible to scholars without specific expertise. For the same reason, hypotheses and formalisms are introduced gradually, only if necessary for the description of the data.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures, Maps and Tables Introduction Northern Varieties 1 The Distribution of Gender and Number in Lunigiana Nominal Expressions  Edoardo Cavirani 2 On the Interpretation of an Interrogative Form in North-Eastern Italian Dialects  Patrizia Cordin 3 Verb-Second and (Micro)Variation in Two Rhaeto-Romance Varieties of Northern Italy  Jan Casalicchio and Federica Cognola Central Varieties 4 On the Palatalization of /s/ + Consonant in Some Dialects of Middle and Southern Italy  Luca Lorenzetti 5 On the Gender System of Viterbese  Michele Loporcaro 6 Indefinite Determiners. Variation and Optionality in Italo-Romance  Anna Cardinaletti and Giuliana Giusti Upper Southern Varieties 7 Italo-Romance Phonological Rules and Indo-Aryan Lexicon: The Case of Abruzzian Romani  Andrea Scala 8 Avita fatta: Non-Etymological Forms of Auxiliary habere in Southern Italian Dialects  Carlo Schirru 9 Adjectival Positions in Barese: Prenominal Exceptions to the Postnominal Rule  Luigi Andriani Extreme Southern Varieties and Sardinian 10 Metaphony in Southern Salento: New Analysis and New Data  Mirko Grimaldi and Andrea Calabrese 11 The ‘go for’ Construction in Sicilian  Silvio Cruschina 12 The Complementizers ca and chi in Sardinian: Syntactic Properties and Geographic Distribution  Caroline Bacciu and Guido Mensching Index

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the palaeography, orthography and morphology of the 14th century saga manuscript Möðruvallabók. First pubished in 2000, it is the third and final volume of a set of which the first 2 volumes were published in 1987, The descriptions are complete and frequencies are given in absolute numbers. Where variation is found between sagas, each saga is treated separately. Möðruvallabók is a large manuscript in size (200 leaves of 34x24cm) and in scope, containing 11 sagas, amomg them Njála, Eigla and Laxdæla. The normalized spelling found in 19th century grammars and dictionaries is based on the orthography found in this and contemporary manuscripts.Trade Review"The book has been edited quite thoroughly, as is appropriate for its level of detail. I noted only a couple of typographical errors. Overall, it is a complete and precise description of Möðruvallabók and a valuable contribution to the literature." ~ Bev Thurber on LINGUIST List (July 2019).

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Book SynopsisThis book contains a comprehensive grammatical description of Mehri, an unwritten Semitic language spoken in the Dhofar region of Oman, along with a corpus of more than one hundred texts. Topics in phonology, all aspects of morphology, and a variety of syntactic features are covered. The texts, presented with extensive commentary, were collected by the late T.M. Johnstone. Some are published here for the first time, while the rest have been newly edited and translated, based on the original manuscripts. Semitists, linguists, and anyone interested in the folklore of southern Arabia will find much valuable data and analysis in this volume, which is the most detailed grammatical study of a Modern South Arabian language yet published.Trade Review"To conclude, this book is undoubtedly a very important work for MSAL and Semitic studies as a whole." - Fabio Gasparini, Orientalische Literaturzeitung, Vol. 114, Iss. 6, 2019, pp. 463-466Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of Texts Abbreviations and Symbols Text Citation A Note on Transcription and Translation Grammar 1 Introduction  1.1 Previous Scholarship on Mehri and MSA  1.2 Dialects of Mehri  1.3 The Position of Mehri within MSA  1.4 The Position of MSA in Semitic  1.5 Johnstone’s Mehri Texts  1.6 Johnstone’s Audio Material  1.7 This Grammar 2 Phonology  2.1 Mehri Consonants  2.2 Mehri Vowels  2.3 Word Stress 3 Pronouns  3.1 Independent Personal Pronouns  3.2 Suffixed Pronouns  3.3 Direct Object Pronouns (t-)  3.4 Demonstratives  3.5 Indefinite Pronouns  3.6 Reflexives  3.7 Reciprocals  3.8 Relative Pronouns 4 Nouns  4.1 Gender  4.2 Duals  4.3 Plurals  4.4 Definite Article  4.5 Diminutives  4.6 Construct State 5 Adjectives  5.1 Agreement  5.2 Declension  5.3 Substantivization  5.4 Comparatives  5.5 Quantifiers 6 Verbs: Stems  6.1 G-Stem  6.2 D/L-Stem  6.3 H-Stem  6.4 Š-Stems  6.5 T-Stems  6.6 Quadriliterals  6.7 Quinqueliterals (Qw- and Qy-Stems) 7 Verbs: Tenses and Forms  7.1 Verbal Tenses and Moods  7.2 Weak Verbs  7.3 The Irregular Verb ḥōm ‘want’ 8 Prepositions  8.1 ar ‘except, but’  8.2 b- ‘in, at; with; for; on’  8.3 bād ‘after’  8.4 bǝrk ‘in(to), inside; among’  8.5 ð̣ār ‘on; about’, mǝn ð̣ār ‘after’  8.6 fǝnōhǝn ‘before; in front of; ago’  8.7 ġayr ‘except’, mǝn ġayr ‘without’  8.8 h- ‘to; for’  8.9 hāl ‘at, by, beside’  8.10 (ǝl-)hīs ‘like, as’  8.11 k- (š-) ‘with’  8.12 l- ‘to; for’  8.13 mǝn ‘from’  8.14 mǝn ḳǝdē ‘about, regarding’  8.15 ǝm-mǝ́n ‘between’  8.16 nǝxāli ‘under’  8.17 sǝbēb ‘because of’  8.18 sār ‘behind’  8.19 tɛ ‘until, up to’  8.20 tǝwōli ‘to, towards’  8.21 xā ‘like, as … as’  8.22 Additional Prepositions  8.23 The Suffixed Forms of Prepositions 9 Numerals  9.1 Cardinals  9.2 Special Forms Used With ‘Days’  9.3 Ordinals  9.4 Fractions  9.5 Days of the Week 10 Adverbs  10.1 Demonstrative Adverbs  10.2 Adverbs of Place  10.3 Adverbs of Time  10.4 Adverbs of Manner  10.5 Adverbs of Degree 11 Interrogatives  11.1 mōn ‘who?’  11.2 hɛ̄śǝn ‘what? why?’  11.3 hɛ̄śǝn mǝn ‘which? what kind of?’  11.4 ḥõ ‘where?’  11.5 wǝ-kōh (kō) ‘why?’  11.6 hībōh ‘how? what?’  11.7 mayt ‘when?’  11.8 kǝm ‘how many? how much?’  11.9 ǝl hɛ̃ lā ‘isn’t that so?’ 12 Particles  12.1 Coordinating Conjunctions  12.2 Exclamations  12.3 Vocatives  12.4 Genitive Exponent ð- (‘of’)  12.5 Miscellaneous Particles 13 Some Syntactic Features  13.1 Copular (Non-Verbal) Sentences  13.2 Negation  13.3 Expressing ‘have’  13.4 Conditionals  13.5 Subordination  13.6 Interrogative Clauses Texts 14 Johnstone’s Texts from Ali Musallam Appendix A: Texts 54 and 65 with Morpheme Glossing Appendix B: Texts 54 and 65 in Arabic Script Appendix C: Supplement to Johnstone’s Mehri Lexicon Appendix D: Additions and Corrections to The Jibbali Language of Oman: Grammar and Texts Bibliography Index of Passages Index of Select Mehri Words

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Book SynopsisThe contributions in this volume provide a kaleidoscope of state-of-the-art research in corpus linguistics on lexis and lexicogrammar. Central issues are the presentation of major corpus resources (both corpora and software tools), the findings (especially about frequency) which are simply not accessible without such resources, their theoretical implications relating to both lexical units and word meanings, and the practical – especially pedagogical – applications of corpus findings. This is complemented by a lexicographer’s view on the data structures implicit in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The volume, which has sprung from the 36th ICAME conference, held in at Trier University in May 2015, will be of relevance for theoretical and applied linguists interested in corpora, word usage, and the mental lexicon.Trade Review“In conclusion, corpus linguists can look forward to reading this fine selection of a top quality papers first presented at the 36th ICAME conference in Trier. Indeed, the volume provides more than the results of a few fascinating individual case studies using a range of corpus resources and state-of-the-art tools: it also explores methodological issues and proposes new procedures and measures. Moreover, Corpora and Lexis also contributes to the refinement and development of (new) theoretical concepts and features novel applications of corpus-based findings in lexicographic and pedagogical applications.” ~ Elen Le Foll, Universität Osnabrück, on LINGUIST List (July 2019)Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction  Sebastian Hoffmann, Andrea Sand, Sabine Arndt-Lappe and Lisa Marie Dillmann 1 Modelling Lexical Structures in the Oxford English Dictionary  Edmund Weiner 2 Investigating the Circumstances of Coinage  Antoinette Renouf 3 Synonym Selection as a Strategy of Stress Clash Avoidance  Julia Schlüter and Gabriele Knappe 4 Intensification with Very, Really and So in Selected Varieties of English  Karin Aijmer 5 The Pragmatics of Well as a Discourse Marker in Broadcast Discussions  John M. Kirk 6 Between Lexis and Discourse: A Cross-Register Study of Connectors of Contrast  Maïté Dupont 7 Towards a Model of Co-Collocation Analysis: Theory, Methodology, and Preliminary Results  Moisés Almela and Pascual Cantos 8 The Lexicogrammar of Be Interested: Description and Pedagogy  Costas Gabrielatos 9 Tracking L2 Writers’ Phraseological Development Using Collgrams: Evidence from a Longitudinal EFL Corpus  Yves Bestgen and Sylviane Granger

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Book SynopsisTen Lectures on Cognitive Linguistics as an Empirical Science details the relationship between form and meaning in language, especially at the systematic level of morphology. The role of metaphor and metonymy in elaborating meaning are investigated, as well as the structuring of semantics in terms of prototypes and radial categories. Implications for cultural studies and pedagogical applications are explored. The bulk of examples and data are drawn from the Slavic languages.Table of ContentsContents Note on Supplementary Material Preface About the Author 1 From Cognitive Linguistics to Cultural Linguistics: How Cognitive Categories Reflect Culture 2 Conceptual Overlap and the Illusion of Semantic Emptiness 3 Metaphor in Grammar: Conceptualization of Time 4 Metonymy in Grammar: Word Formation 5 Constructional Profiles: What Constructions Tell Us about the Meanings of Words 6 Grammatical Profiles: What Inflectional Forms Tell Us about Lexicon and Grammar 7 Semantic Maps: Do They Reveal a Universal Underlying Conceptual Space? 8 Pedagogical Applications of Research into Embodied Grammar 9 Linguistic Concepts as Prototype-Based Categories: Reexamining Allomorphy 10 The Paradigm as a Radial Category About the Series Editor Websites for Cognitive Linguistics and CIFCL Speakers

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Book SynopsisThe book is a grammar of the Makasar language, spoken by about 2 million people in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Makasarese is a head–marking language which marks arguments on the predicate with a system of pronominal clitics, following an ergative/absolutive pattern. Full noun phrases are relatively free in order, while pre-predicate focus position which is widely used. The phonology is notable for the large number of geminate and pre–glottalised consonant sequences, while the morphology is characterised by highly productive affixation and pervasive encliticisation of pronominal and aspectual elements. The work draws heavily on literary sources reaching back more than three centuries; this tradition includes two Indic based scripts, a system based on Arabic, and various Romanised conventions.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Abbreviations of Grammatical Terms A Note on Spelling Conventions Abbreviations of Sources for Example Sentences 1 Introduction  1.1 The Area and Inhabitants  1.2 Historical Background  1.3 Religion and Culture  1.4 Comparative and Historical Data  1.5 Linguistic Ecology  1.6 Previous Studies of Makasar  1.7 Work on Related Languages  1.8 Sources of Data 2 Makasar Writing and Literature  2.1 Makasar and Bugis Scripts  2.2 Arabic Script (serang)  2.3 Romanised Orthography  2.4 Literature 3 Phonetics & Phonology  3.1 Phoneme Inventory  3.2 Phonotactics  3.3 Morphophonological Processes 4 Morphological Units  4.1 Roots  4.2 Affixes  4.3 Clitics  4.4 Affixal Clitics  4.5 Particles  4.6 Words 5 Word Classes  5.1 Root Class and Word Class  5.2 Nouns  5.3 Verbs  5.4 Adjectives  5.5 Adverbs  5.6 Pronouns  5.7 Locatives  5.8 Numerals  5.9 Classifiers, Partitives and Measures  5.10 Prepositions  5.11 Conjunctions  5.12 Discourse Particles  5.13 Interjections 6 Nouns and Noun Phrases  6.1 Subclasses of Noun  6.2 Nominal Derivation  6.3 The Noun Phrase 7 Basic Clause Structure  7.1 Word Order  7.2 Clitic Pronouns  7.3 Ambient Clauses  7.4 Intransitive Clauses  7.5 Semi-transitive Clauses  7.6 Transitive Clauses  7.7 Ditransitive Clauses 8 Voice/Valence-Signalling Prefixes  8.1 The Verb Prefixes  8.2 Actor Focus aN–  8.3 Passive ni–  8.4 Involuntary/Accidental taC–  8.5 Other Accounts of South Sulawesi Prefixes  8.6 Voice 9 Causative pa– and Related Forms  9.1 Causative pa–  9.2 Causative paka–  9.3 Experiencer-Oriented pi– 10 Applicative Suffixes  10.1 The Suffix Form –i  10.2 The Suffix Form –ang  10.3 –i and –ang Together 11 Other Verbal Affixes  11.1 Unitary/Mutual/Reciprocal si–  11.2 Erratic piti⟩rdp–V⟨i  11.3 Subjunctive –a 12 Grammatical Relations  12.1 Grammatical Relations  12.2 Focus and Topic Marking 13 Other Clause Types  13.1 Imperatives  13.2 Questions  13.3 Negation  13.4 Existentials  13.5 Ascriptives/Presentatives Appendix A: Excerpt of the Gowa Chronicle from Manuscript KIT 668–216 Appendix B: Karaeng Ammanaka Bembe: The Karaeng Who Gave Birth to a Goat Appendix C: A'jappa–jappa ri Bulukumba: A Trip to Bulukumba Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisWith this descriptive grammar of Nganasan Beáta Wagner-Nagy presents a comprehensive description of the highly endangered Samoyedic language, spoken only by a small number of individuals on Siberia’s Taimyr Peninsula. Based on corpus data from the Nganasan Spoken Language Corpus as well as field work the grammar follows a traditional structure. Contents range from a description of phonetic features and phonological processes over word classes, morphological features to syntactic and semantic properties. The grammar highlights morphophonological alternations as well as the pragmatic organization of Nganasan. A discussion of the core vocabulary completes the account in addition to two sample texts. The grammar reflects significant typological aspects thus serving as a reasonable basis for further comparison in Uralic studies.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Preface Abbreviations and Symbols Tables, Figures and Maps 1 Introduction  1 The People  2 The Language  3 Language Data 2 Phonetics and Phonology  1 Consonants  2 Vowels  3 Possible Combinations of Consonants and Vowels  4 Syllable Structure  5 Syllabification  6 Prosodic Characteristics  7 Morphophonological Rules 3 Word Classes  1 Nouns  2 Adjectives  3 Verbs  4 Pronominal Items  5 Adverbs  6 Postposition  7 Numerals and Quantifiers  8 Conjunctions und Particles  9 Interjections and Onomatopoetic Words 4 Nominal Inflection  1 Stems and Their Formation  2 Number and Its Usage  3 Case and Its Functions  4 Possessive Inflection  5 Destinative 5 Verbal Inflection  1 Conjugation Types and Agreement  2 Aspect  3 Tense  4 Mood  5 Stems  6 Aspect  7 Conjugations Types  8 Tense  9 Mood and Modality  10 Non-finite Verb Forms 6 Evidentiality  1 Inferred Evidentiality  2 Reported Evidentiality  3 Sensory Evidentiality 7 Verbal Valence and Valence-Changing Operations  1 Verbal Valence  2 Valence-Changing Operations 8 The Structure of the Noun Phrase  1 Attributive Modifiers  2 Determined Noun Phrase (DP)  3 Quantified Noun Phrase  4 Noun Phrase as Modifier  5 Constituent Order in NPs  6 Coordination within NP and Comitative Constructions  7 Definiteness within the NP 9 Types of Predicate  1 Verbal Predication  2 Non-verbal Predicate  3 Existential and Locative Clauses  4 Possessive Clauses 10 Simple Sentences  1 Clause Participant and Grammatical Relations in Sentences  2 Basic Sentence Types  3 Constituent Order  4 Comparative Constructions 11 Ditransitive Constructions  1 Coding of Recipient and Addressee  2 Coding the Beneficiary  3 Coding the Theme 12 Negation  1 Sentence Negation  2 Constituent Negation  3 Other Negative Constructions 13 Clause Combining  1 Coordination  2 Complementation  3 Adverbial Clauses  4 Relative Clauses 14 Discourse Organization  1 Word Order and Information Structuring  2 Reference Tracking  3 Direct and Indirect Speech 15 Lexicon  1 Noun Class Semantics and Sub-classification  2 Adjective Class Semantics and Sub-classification  3 Verb Class Semantics and Sub-classification  4 Loanwords 16 Word Formation  1 Compounding  2 Conversion  3 Broadening and Narrowing of Meaning  4 Word Creation  5 Stem Vowel Alternation  6 Derivation  7 Clitic-Like Morphemes 17 Text Samples  1 My Life  2 Nenets Man and the Giant References Index

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Book SynopsisDuring several decades, syntactic reconstruction has been more or less regarded as a bootless and an unsuccessful venture, not least due to the heavy criticism in the 1970s from scholars like Watkins, Jeffers, Lightfoot, etc. This fallacious view culminated in Lightfoot’s (2002: 625) conclusion: “[i]f somebody thinks that they can reconstruct grammars more successfully and in more widespread fashion, let them tell us their methods and show us their results. Then we’ll eat the pudding.” This volume provides methods for the identification of i) cognates in syntax, and ii) the directionality of syntactic change, showcasing the results in the introduction and eight articles. These examples are offered as both tastier and also more nourishing than the pudding Lightfoot had in mind when discarding the viability of reconstructing syntax.Trade Review"With its clear introductory state-of-the-art essay and its eight highly empirical studies, showing wide-ranging language coverage across several families, Reconstructing Syntax tackles two key issues in historical syntax, namely how one can identify cognates in syntax and whether there is determinable directionality in syntactic change. The volume succeeds mightily, offering enlightening and important answers to these - and other - questions, thus contributing in significant ways to on-going discussions in the field." ~ Brian D. Joseph, Distinguished University Professor, The Ohio State University "This is an extremely timely volume, taking on what has long been a thorny issue: the possibility of rigorous syntactic reconstruction. It provides a welcome survey of the history of discussion of potential methodological pitfalls unique to such endeavors, dating back more than a century. It then presents sets of innovative strategies, made possible by new approaches to syntax, along with assessments of their relative utilities. The contributions cover fundamental syntactic constructions spanning a rich variety of languages, some with extensive written records (Indo-European) others with only modern documentation (Austronesian, Chibchan)." ~ Marianne Mithun, Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara

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Book SynopsisIn Towards a Theory of Denominals, Adina Camelia Bleotu takes a comparative look at denominal verbs in English and Romanian from various theoretical frameworks such as lexical decomposition, distributed morphology, nanosyntax and spanning. The book proposes a novel spanning analysis, arguing for its explanatory superiority to incorporation/conflation or nanosyntax in accounting for the formation and behaviour of denominals. It provides useful empirical insights, drawing from rich data from English discussed widely in the relevant literature, but also presenting novel data from Romanian not explored in detail before. Many interesting theoretical issues are also discussed, such as the (lack of) correlation between the (un)boundedness of the nominal root and the (a)telicity of the resulting verb, the verb/ satellite-framed distinction and others.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments Abbreviations List of Figures and Tables 1 What is a Denominal Verb?  1 Clarifying the Concept of Denominal Verb  2 Denominal Verbs Are Derived from Roots: Evidence 2 (Un)boundedness Effects of the Nominal Root in Noun-Incorporating Verbs: Insight from Romanian  1 Aims  2 Theoretical Background  3 Methodology  4 Data  5 Conclusions 3 An Overview of Various Approaches to Denominal Verbs  1 Syntactic Approaches to Denominal Verbs  2 A Semantico-Syntactic Approach: Mateu (2002)  3 Morphological Approaches to Denominal Verbs 4 A Spanning Account of Denominals in English and Romanian  1 Defining Spanning  2 Brody’s Mirror Theory (2000)  3 Applying Spanning to Denominals 5 Verbs Incorporating Themes, Pseudo-Agent Verbs and Verbs Displaying an Ambiguous Behaviour  1 Theme Verbs  2 Pseudo-Agent Verbs  3 Weather Verbs 6 Location, Locatum Verbs and the Locative Alternation in Romanian and English  1 Aim  2 Location Verbs  3 Locatum Verbs  4 The Locative Alternation  5 Conclusion 7 On Instrument Verbs  1 Instrument Verbs: Definition and Examples  2 Previous Accounts of Instrument Verbs  3 A Phrasal Spell-Out Account of Instrument Verbs  4 A Distributed Morphology Account  5 A Spanning Account Conclusion Appendices  Appendix 1  Appendix 2 Bibliography

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Book SynopsisAustroasiatic Syntax in Areal and Diachronic Perspective elevates historical morpho-syntax to a research priority in the field of Southeast Asian language history, transcending the traditional focus on phonology and lexicon. The volume contains eleven chapters covering a wide range of aspects of diachronic Austroasiatic syntax, most of which contain new hypotheses, and several address topics that have never been dealt with before in print, such as clause structure and word order in the proto-language, and reconstruction of Munda morphology successfully integrating it into Austroasiatic language history. Also included is a list of proto-AA grammatical words with evaluative and contextualizing comments.Table of ContentsPreface List of Illustrations and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction: Austroasiatic Syntax in Diachronic and Areal Perspective  Paul Sidwell, Mathias Jenny and Mark Alves Part 1 Syntactic Reconstruction 1 Verb-Initial Structures in Austroasiatic Languages  Mathias Jenny 2 Initial Steps in Reconstructing Proto-Vietic Syntax  Mark Alves 3 Nicobarese Comparative Syntax  Paul Sidwell Part 2 Northern Austroasiatic Word Order 4 Verb-Initial Order, Gender, and Diachrony in Khasian  Hiram Ring 5 Word Order in the Wa Languages  Atsushi Yamada Part 3 Munda 6 Proto-Munda Prosody, Morphotactics and Morphosyntax in South Asian and Austroasiatic Contexts  Gregory Anderson 7 The Proto-Munda Predicate and the Austroasiatic Language Family  Felix Rau 8 Proto-Kherwarian Negation, TAM and Person-Indexing Interdependencies  Bikram Jora and Gregory Anderson 9 Relative Clauses in Santali: A Matching Analysis Approach  Mayuri Dilip, Rajesh Kumar, Kārumūri V. Subbārāo, G. Uma Maheshwar Rao and Martin Everaert Part 4 Grammatical Lexicon 10 Grammatical Words in Austroasiatic: An Annotated Comparative Vocabulary with Reconstructions  Mark Alves, Mathias Jenny and Paul Sidwell Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the first comprehensive description of Tutrugbu(Nyangbo-nyb), a Ghana Togo Mountain(gtm) language of the Kwa family. It is based on a documentary corpus of different genre of linguistic and cultural practices gathered during periods of immersion fieldwork. Tutrugbu speakers are almost all bilingual in Ewe, another Kwa language. The book presents innovative analyses of phenomena like Advanced Tongue Root and labial vowel harmony, noun classes, topological relational verbs, the two classes of adpositions, obligatory complement verbs, multi-verbs in a single clause, and information structure. This grammar is unparalleled in including a characterization of culturally defined activity types and their associated speech formulae and routine strategies. It should appeal to linguists interested in African languages, language documentation and typology.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Figures and Tables 1 Introduction  1.0 The People  1.1 Classification  1.2 History  1.3 The Multilingual Nyangbo Community  1.4 The Roadmap for This Grammar 2 Phonology  2.0 Introduction  2.1 Segmental Inventory  2.2 Syllable Structure  2.3 Phonological Processes  2.4 Tone  2.5 Conclusion 3 Morphology  3.0 Introduction  3.1 Reduplication  3.2 Inflection  3.3 Noun Classes  3.4 Derivation  3.5 Compounding 4 The Noun Phrase  4.0 Introduction  4.1 The Simple Noun Phrase  4.2 Complex Noun Phrase 5 The Verb Phrase  5.0 Introduction  5.1 Lexical Aspect  5.2 Tense Aspect Mood  5.3 Argument Structure 6 Adpositional Phrases and Locative Constructions  6.0 Introduction  6.1 The Basic Locative Construction (BLC)  6.2 The Verbs  6.3 Postpositions  6.4 Prepositions 7 Constructions  7.0 Introduction  7.1 Copula Construction  7.2 Descriptive Constructions  7.3 Serial Verb Constructions (SVC)  7.4 Coordinate Clausal Constructions  7.5 Subordinate Clauses 8 Sentence Types  8.0 Introduction  8.1 Declaratives  8.2 Interrogatives  8.3 Imperatives 9 Information Structure  9.0 Introduction  9.1 Topic  9.2 Focus  9.3 Contrastive Topic  9.4 Cleft Construction  9.5 Conclusion 10 Routine Activities  10.0 Introduction  10.1 Greetings  10.2 Spinning Yarn  10.3 Female Initiation Rite  10.4 Funeral Rites References

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Book SynopsisThe volume proposes original semantic analyses on items marking grammatical aspect. The contributions deal with structurally divergent languages, setting to the fore some less studied forms coding aspect, revisiting or challenging certain conventionalized views on aspectual categories and shedding light on interactions between aspect and modality, another multifaceted semantic category. In doing so, the volume is intended to emphasize the diversity of aspectual systems and the fuzzy semantics of grammatical aspect and help the reader to make their own mind on a topic traditionally viewed as a subcategory of verbal aspect together with lexical aspect. Contributors are Denis Apothéloz, Trang Phan and Nigel Duffield, Galia Hatav, Jens Fleischhauer and Ekaterina Gabrovska, Stephen M. Dickey, Adeline Patard, Laura Baranzini, Jaroslava Obrtelova.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables 1 Introduction: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on the Semantics of Grammatical Aspect  Adeline Patard, Rea Peltola and Emmanuelle Roussel Part 1 News on Perfects 2 La surcomposition verbale et ses emplois en français  Denis Apothéloz 3 The Vietnamese Perfect: A Compositional Analysis  Tang Phan and Nigel Duffield Part 2 Issues on Perfectivity 4 Perfectivity and Reference-Time Building  Galia Hatav 5 Perfectivity and Atelicity: The Role of Perfective Aspect in Aspectual Composition  Jens Fleischhauer and Ekaterina Gabrovska Part 3 Aspect Meets Modality and (Inter)subjectivity 6 Subjectivity, Intersubjectivity, and the Aspect of Imperatives in Slavic Languages  Stephen M. Dickey 7 To the Roots of Fake Tense and Counterfactuality  Adeline Patard 8 Le « récit de récit » à l’ imparfait en italien : la piste évidentielle  Laura Baranzini Part 4 Grammatical Aspect Challenged 9 Discourse-Pragmatic Functions of Tense-Aspect Verb Forms in Wakhi  Jaroslava Obrtelova Index

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Book SynopsisWith Grammar of Duhumbi (Chugpa), Timotheus Adrianus (Tim) Bodt provides the first comprehensive description of any of the Western Kho-Bwa languages, a sub-group of eight linguistic varieties of the Kho-Bwa cluster (Tibeto-Burman). Duhumbi is spoken by 600 people in the Chug valley in West Kameng district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The Duhumbi people, known to the outside world as Chugpa or Chug Monpa, belong to the Monpa Scheduled Tribe. Despite that affiliation, Duhumbi is not intelligible to speakers of any of the other Monpa languages except Khispi (Lishpa). The volume Grammar of Duhumbi (Chugpa) describes all aspects of the language, including phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax and discourse. Moreover, it also contains links to additional resources freely accessible on-line.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of tables List of Glosses, conventions and symbols 1 The Duhumbi and their language  1.1 Geographical setting  1.2 Geopolitical setting  1.3 Autonyms, exonyms and population  1.4 Origin and settlement  1.5 Livelihood, culture and religion  1.6 Duhumbi ngak  1.7 The data and corpus 2 Phonology and orthography  2.1 Transcription systems and orthographies  2.2 Non-native and marginal phonemes and allophones  2.3 The vowel system  2.4 The consonant system  2.5 Syllable structure and phonotactics  2.6 Prosodic features of Duhumbi  2.7 Two-way contrast on plosives and affricates 3 Parts of speech  3.1 Nominal versus verbal parts of speech  3.2 Pronouns  3.3 Nouns  3.4 Proper nouns  3.5 Adjectives  3.6 Demonstratives  3.7 Numerals  3.8 Postpositions  3.9 Adverbs  3.10 Expressives  3.11 Interrogatives  3.12 Verbal parts of speech  3.13 Other parts of speech 4 Lexical aspects  4.1 Nouns  4.2 Proper nouns  4.3 Adjectives  4.4 Adverbs  4.5 Expressives  4.6 Numerals  4.7 Lexical registers  4.8 Complex predicates  4.9 Particular verbs  4.10 Interjections  4.11 The borrowed lexicon 5 Nominalisations  5.1 Pure derivational nominalisers  5.2 Nominaliser -ba nom  5.3 Nominaliser -baʔ inf 6 The noun phrase  6.1 Constituent order in noun phrases  6.2 Grammatical relations and case markers  6.3 Other nominal suffixes  6.4 Intensity  6.5 Use of adjectives  6.6 Use of demonstratives  6.7 Use of the numeral hin ‘one’  6.8 Use of the postposition naŋ- ‘in’  6.9 Use of interrogatives 7 Verbal morphology  7.1 Imperfective -da ipfv  7.2 Past tenses  7.3 Non-past tenses  7.4 Summary of verbal morphology 8 Non-verbal predicates  8.1 Verb and copula-less clauses  8.2 Copula beʔ cop.ex  8.3 Copula le cop.le  8.4 Copula giʨʰa cop.eq  8.5 Copula ɕi cop.as  8.6 Copula in possessive relations  8.7 Copular verb ʥu- ‘be’  8.8 Negative copular verbs and copula balaŋ  8.9 Limited conjugational flexibility of copular verbs 9 Serial verb constructions  9.1 Types of SVC  9.2 SVCs in various contexts  9.3 SVCs and prosody  9.4 Modifying verbs  9.5 Symmetrical SVCs  9.6 Asymmetrical SVCs  9.7 SVCs in a historical-comparative perspective 10 Non-declarative clause types  10.1 Interrogatives  10.2 Question markers  10.3 Formation of questions  10.4 Question sub-types  10.5 Moods 11 Complex sentences  11.1 Imperfective phrases and clauses  11.2 Subordination with -ba nom and -baʔ inf  11.3 Subordination with -tʰaŋ lcn  11.4 Other cotemporal subordinators  11.5 Conditional with -se cond  11.6 Copular causal subordination  11.7 Conjunctions  11.8 Modifying suffixes and clitics 12 Discourse structure  12.1 Discourse structuring  12.2 Discourse particles  12.3 Topic, focus and emphasis 13 Texts  13.1 Duhumbi text genres  13.2 Metadata of texts  13.3 Metadata of speakers  13.4 Descriptions of all texts  13.5 Zenodo DOIs of texts  13.6 Elicitation files  13.7 Text: NNK; CHUK260413A2A  13.8 Text LGT; CHUK300412J2  13.9 Text: LEL; CHUKx13A6  13.10 Text: DTPK; CHUK131014 References Index Figures

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Book SynopsisIn A Grammar of Murui (Bue), Katarzyna Wojtylak provides the first complete description of Murui, an endangered Witotoan language, spoken by the Murui-Muina (Witoto) people from Colombia and Peru. The grammar is written from a functional and typological perspective, using natural language data gathered during several fieldtrips to the Caquetá-Putumayo region between 2013 and 2017. The many remarkable characteristics of Murui include a complex system of classifiers, differential subject and object marking, person-marking verb morphology, evidential and epistemic marking, head-tail linkage, and a system of numerals, including the fraternal (brother-based) forms for ‘three’ and ‘four’. The grammar represents an important contribution to the study of Witotoan languages, linguistic typology of Northwest Amazonia, and language contact in the area.

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Book SynopsisIn Grammaticalising the Perfect and Explanations of Language Change: Have- and Be-Perfects in the History and Structure of English and Bulgarian, Bozhil Hristov investigates key aspects of the verbal systems of two distantly related Indo-European languages, highlighting similarities as well as crucial differences between them and seeking a unified approach. The book reassesses some long-held notions and functionalist assumptions and shines the spotlight on certain areas that have received less attention, such as the role of ambiguity in actual usage. The detailed analysis of rich, contextualised material from a selection of texts dovetails with large-scale corpus studies, complementing their findings and enhancing our understanding of the phenomena. This monograph thus presents a happy marriage of traditional philological techniques and recent advances in theoretical linguistics and corpus work.

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Book SynopsisThe Vend nyelvtan is a grammar completed in 1942 by the linguist Avgust Pavel that was designed to serve as a modern standard for the Prekmurje Slovenes who were to be subjects of Hungary. Though the grammar was meant to divide the Prekmurje Slovenes from the Slovenes of Yugoslavia, it was never put into use. Today it serves as a reflection of the lexical and grammatical peculiarities of the Prekmurje dialect as it was spoken during Pavel’s lifetime (1886–1946). The English translation of the grammar, originally written in Hungarian, offers linguists insight into a key part of the remarkable variation in Slovene. A peripheral area of Slovene, the Prekmurje dialect is in contact with German, Hungarian, and Croatian Kajkavian.Trade Review“Greenberg’s critical edition is a model of how to present such historical treasures to the contemporary scholarly community. The book is a must-read for anyone interested in Slovene diachronic linguistics, dialectology, the history of Slavic grammars, and related topics, as well as an indispensable reference for anyone interested in the Prekmurje dialect and its written tradition.” ~ Marko Snoj, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, in Canadian Slavonic Papers (63/3-4, 2021).

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Generative Syntax provides the student with a comprehensive overview of all major developments in generative syntax since its inception in the 1950s and until the present time. In 250 units, topics commonly encountered in the study of syntax are presented in an accessible and straightforward manner suitable for both students and casual readers. Covered theories and topics include Phrase Structure Rules, X'-Theory, Transformational Grammar, Theta Theory, Government and Binding Theory, Raising and Control, Movement Constraints, Split Projections, the Minimalist Program, and many others.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements To the Teacher Part 1 Lexicon Unit 1 Language I Unit 2 Language II Unit 3 Grammaticality I Unit 4 Grammaticality II Unit 5 Lexical vs. Functional Categories Unit 6 Lexical Categories Unit 7 Functional Categories Unit 8 Categorization I Unit 9 Categorization II Unit 10 Categorization III Unit 11 Categorization IV Unit 12 Categorization V Unit 13 Categorization VI Unit 14 Categorization VII Unit 15 Categorization VIII Part 2 Phrase Structure Unit 16 Heads Unit 17 Specifiers Unit 18 Complements Unit 19 Complement Selection I Unit 20 Complement Selection II Unit 21 Adjunct I Unit 22 Adjunct II Unit 23 Summary Unit 24 Constituency Unit 25 Stand-Alone Test Unit 26 Substitution Test Unit 27 Displacement Test Unit 28 Coordination Test Part 3 Phrase Structure Rules Unit 29 Basics I Unit 30 Basics II Unit 31 Noun Phrase I Unit 32 Noun Phrase II Unit 33 Random Phrases Unit 34 Verb Phrase I Unit 35 Verb Phrase II Unit 36 Sentence I Unit 37 Sentence II Unit 38 Complementizer Unit 39 Conjunction Unit 40 Adjunction Unit 41 Summary I Unit 42 Summary II Part 4 Tree Structure Unit 43 Representation Unit 44 Nodes and Branches Unit 45 Dominance Unit 46 Precedence Unit 47 Noun Phrases Unit 48 Random Phrases Unit 49 Verb Phrases Unit 50 Sentences Unit 51 Complementizer Phrases Unit 52 Conjunction Phrases Unit 53 Adjoined Phrases Unit 54 Tree Drawing I Unit 55 Tree Drawing II Unit 56 Tree Drawing III Unit 57 Ambiguity Part 5 X-Bar Theory Unit 58 Motivation I Unit 59 Motivation II Unit 60 Motivation III Unit 61 Motivation IV Unit 62 Motivation V Unit 63 Motivation VI Unit 64 Motivation VII Unit 65 Motivation VIII Unit 66 Motivation IX Unit 67 Representation I Unit 68 Representation II Unit 69 Representation III Unit 70 NP, AP, PP, AdvP, VP Unit 71 TP and CP Unit 72 Adjunction Rules I Unit 73 Adjunction Rules II Unit 74 Determiner Phrase I Unit 75 Determiner Phrase II Unit 76 Determiner Phrase III Unit 77 Determiner Phrase IV Unit 78 Determiner Phrase V Unit 79 Determiner Phrase VI Unit 80 Determiner Phrase VII Unit 81 Complementizer Phrase I Unit 82 Complementizer Phrase II Unit 83 Complementizer Phrase III Unit 84 Auxiliaries and Modals I Unit 85 Auxiliaries and Modals II Part 6 Transformations Unit 86 Yes/No Questions I Unit 87 Yes/No Questions II Unit 88 Yes/No Questions III Unit 89 Yes/No Questions IV Unit 90 Yes/No Questions V Unit 91 Yes/No Questions VI Unit 92 Principles I Unit 93 Principles II Unit 94 Principles III Unit 95 Principles IV Unit 96 Principles V Unit 97 Principles VI Unit 98 Negation Movement I Unit 99 Negation Movement II Unit 100 Verb Movement I Unit 101 Verb Movement II Unit 102 Tense Markers I Unit 103 Tense Markers II Unit 104 Affix Hopping I Unit 105 Affix Hopping II Unit 106 Wh-Questions I Unit 107 Wh-Questions II Unit 108 Wh-Questions III Unit 109 Wh-Questions IV Unit 110 Wh-Questions V Unit 111 Wh-Questions VI Unit 112 Wh-Questions VII Unit 113 Adjunction Revisited I Unit 114 Adjunction Revisited II Unit 115 Topicalization I Unit 116 Topicalization II Part 7 Theta Theory Unit 117 Thematic Roles I Unit 118 Thematic Roles II Unit 119 Thematic Roles III Unit 120 Thematic Roles IV Unit 121 Thematic Roles V Unit 122 Thematic Roles VI Unit 123 Thematic Roles VII Unit 124 Thematic Roles VIII Unit 125 Subject Condition I Unit 126 Subject Condition II Unit 127 Subject Condition III Unit 128 Subject Condition IV Unit 129 Subject Condition V Unit 130 Subject Condition VI Unit 131 Subject Condition VII Unit 132 Passive I Unit 133 Passive II Unit 134 Passive III Unit 135 A- and A′-movement I Unit 136 A- and A′-movement II Unit 137 Summary Part 8 Constraints on Movements Unit 138 PBC I Unit 139 PBC II Unit 140 PBC III Unit 141 Locality I Unit 142 Locality II Unit 143 Subjacency I Unit 144 Subjacency II Unit 145 Islands I Unit 146 Islands II Unit 147 Islands III Unit 148 Islands IV Unit 149 Islands V Unit 150 Islands VI Unit 151 Summary Part 9 Government and Binding Theory Unit 152 Case Markers I Unit 153 Case Markers II Unit 154 Case Markers III Unit 155 Case Assignment I Unit 156 Case Assignment II Unit 157 Case Assignment III Unit 158 Case Assignment IV Unit 159 Case Checking I Unit 160 Case Checking II Unit 161 Exceptional Case Marking I Unit 162 Exceptional Case Marking II Unit 163 Exceptional Case Marking III Unit 164 Exceptional Case Marking IV Unit 165 Exceptional Case Marking V Unit 166 Exceptional Case Marking VI Unit 167 Exceptional Case Marking VII Unit 168 Unaccusative I Unit 169 Unaccusative II Unit 170 Unaccusative III Unit 171 Binding Theory I Unit 172 Binding Theory II Unit 173 Binding Theory III Unit 174 Binding Theory IV Unit 175 Binding Theory V Unit 176 Binding Theory VI Part 10 Advanced Topics Unit 177 Raising I Unit 178 Raising II Unit 179 Raising III Unit 180 Raising IV Unit 181 Raising V Unit 182 Raising VI Unit 183 Control Theory I Unit 184 Control Theory II Unit 185 Control Theory III Unit 186 Control Theory IV Unit 187 Control Theory V Unit 188 Control Theory VI Unit 189 Control Theory VII Unit 190 Control Theory VIII Unit 191 Control Theory IX Unit 192 Control Theory X Unit 193 Control Theory XI Unit 194 Control Theory XII Unit 195 Control Theory XIII Unit 196 Raising vs. Control I Unit 197 Raising vs. Control II Unit 198 ECM vs. Control I Unit 199 ECM vs. Control II Part 11 Split Projections Unit 200 Split DP Hypothesis I

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Book SynopsisThe volume Passives Cross-Linguistically provides analyses of passive constructions across different languages and populations from the interface perspectives between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In addition to the theoretical contributions, some experimental works are presented, which explore passives from psycholinguistic perspectives.Table of ContentsEditorial Foreword List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction  Akemi Matsuya and Kleanthes K. Grohmann 1 Long-Distance Passives by Structure Removal  Gereon Müller 2 On Passive and Perfect Participles  Peter Hallman 3 On Deontic Passives  Eva-Maria Remberger 4 Indirect Object Want-Passives in Southern Italy  Adam Ledgeway 5 Unexpected Passive Structures from Prepositional Verbs in Catalan  Isabel Crespí 6 Two Types of Passive? Voice Morphology and “Low Passives” in Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek  Laura Grestenberger 7 Non-active Voices in South Asian Languages  Pritha Chandra, Gurmeet Kaur and Anindita Sahoo 8 A More Articulated Approach to Causativity Alternation  Mohamed Naji 9 Semantic and Pragmatic Implications of Passives  Akemi Matsuya 10 The Source of Passive Sentence Difficulty: Task Effects and Predicate Semantics, Not Argument Order  Caterina L. Paolazzi, Nino Grillo and Andrea Santi 11 Synthetic Passives in Early and Impaired Grammar: The View from Greek Reflexive Verbs  Arhonto Terzi 12 The Mirage of “Impaired Passives” and the Locus Preservation Hypothesis  Kleanthes K. Grohmann, Maria Kambanaros and Evelina Leivada Index

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Book SynopsisThis is the first complete description of Poumai Naga (Poula), an understudied language spoken in Manipur in northeast India. Poumai Naga belongs to the Angami-Pochuri clade of the Trans-Himalayan family. The book comprises all aspects of the language, including phonology, lexicon, morphosyntax, syntax and discourse. This work employs the tone periodic table, an innovative method used for documenting tone languages. A bilingual lexicon and a collection of fully-analysed texts are provided in the appendices. This research work represents a substantial contribution to the field of comparative Trans-Himalayan linguistics.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1.1 The Language  1.2 The People  1.3 History of the Poumai Naga  1.4 The Social System of the Poumai Naga  1.5 Genetic Classification  1.6 Previous Work Done on Poula and Related Languages  1.7 Organisation of the Grammar  1.8 Theoretical Framework and Data Collection 2 Sound System  2.1 Overview  2.2 Syllable Structure  2.3 Consonants  2.4 Vowels  2.5 Morphophonology  2.6 Word-Hood  2.7 Summary 3 Tone documentation  3.1 Overview  3.2 Tonemes in Poula  3.3 Phonetic Realisation of the Tonemes  3.4 Noun Morphotonology  3.5 Verb Morphotonology  3.6 Tone Pattern in Particles  3.7 The Tone Periodic Table  3.8 Illustration of the Poula Tone Periodic Table  3.9 Corpus  3.10 Summary 4 Word Classes  4.1 Overview  4.2 Content Words  4.3 Derived Modifiers  4.4 Functional Words  4.5 Summary 5 Expressive Words  5.1 Overview  5.2 Acoustic Symbolic Words  5.3 Articulatory Symbolic Words  5.4 Systematic Patterned Words  5.5 Prosody in Expressive Words  5.6 Summary 6 Noun Phrases  6.1 Overview  6.2 Components of the Noun Phrase  6.3 Noun Phrase Coordination  6.4 Appositions  6.5 Asyndetic Coordinations  6.6 Embedding Noun Phrases  6.7 Summary 7 Argument Marking  7.1 Overview  7.2 Argument Markers  7.3 Core Argument Markings  7.4 Summary 8 Nominalisation and Relative Clauses  8.1 Overview  8.2 Nominalisers  8.3 Derivational Nominalisation  8.4 Clausal Nominalisation  8.5 Relative Clauses  8.6 The Prosody of Nominalisation  8.7 Summary 9 Predicate Structure  9.1 Overview  9.2 Components of the Predicate Structure  9.3 The Causative pai-  9.4 Modifiers  9.5 Head  9.6 Verb Particles  9.7 Negation in Verbs  9.8 Tense and Aspect  9.9 Modality  9.10 Sentence Final Markers  9.11 Summary 10 Clause Types  10.1 Overview  10.2 Verbal Clauses  10.3 Nonverbal Clauses  10.4 Complement Clauses  10.5 Imperative Clauses  10.6 Interrogative Clauses  10.7 Summary 11 Clause Combining  11.1 Overview  11.2 Simple and Complex Clauses  11.3 Clause Linking Morphemes of Dependent Nonfinite clauses  11.4 Clause Linking Morphemes of Dependent Finite Clauses  11.5 The Sequential Marker -ly  11.6 The Quotative -rwù  11.7 Serial Verb Constructions  11.8 Summary 12 Discourse Particles  12.1 Overview  12.2 The Particle sw  12.3 The Particle w  12.4 The Particle wm  12.5 The Particle dwi  12.6 The Particle e  12.7 The Particle -khai  12.8 The Particle te  12.9 The Particle nga  12.10 The Particle o  12.11 The Particle -ma  12.12 The Particle swshokozw  12.13 The Particle ty  12.14 The Attention Particle shiva  12.15 The Particle ‘That Is’  12.16 The Particle zyko  12.17 The Particle thwutimò  12.18 The Particle sa  12.19 The Comparatives Particles  12.20 The Conditional -ko  12.21 The Non-specific tara  12.22 The Particle -laí Expressing certainty  12.23 Particles Expressing Probability 13 Text Samples  13.1 The Story of Liipeirou (Lwpwiru)  13.2 The Story of Ro  13.3 The Story of Chiiho  13.4 The Story of Dziilai Chína  13.5 The Story of Ziile Mou ‘Rice Seedling’  13.6 Narration on the Ritual Ki  13.7 A Short Narration about the Place Call khia  13.8 Conversation 14 List of Words References Index

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Book SynopsisCentral Trentino is a Romance dialect spoken in the North-East of Italy, which shows features belonging to both Gallo-Italic and Venetan dialects. Grammar of Central Trentino aims to present the first comprehensive grammatical description of this dialect, taking into consideration its morpho-syntactic properties and pragmatic phenomena. The book's general approach is synchronic and focused on the language currently in use. The authors discuss a wide range of examples gathered from both oral and written sources. The theoretical reference model is that of generative grammar, but the description of the phenomena is also accessible to a non-specialized audience.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations and Tables Abbreviations Introduction  Annex to Introduction: Phonetic Simplified Alphabet 1 Overview  1.1 Trentino Dialects in the Context of Northern Italian Dialects  1.2 The Main Romance Dialect Groups Spoken in Trentino  1.3 Germanic Languages Spoken in Trentino  1.4 Previous Studies 2 Nominal Morphology  2.1 Nominal Inflection: Number and Gender  2.2 Nominal Derivational Suffixes  2.3 Evaluative Morphology  2.4 Nominal Derivational Prefixes  2.5 Compound and Phrasal Nouns 3 Noun Phrases: Nouns with Determiners and Adjectives  3.1 Definite and Indefinite Determiners  3.2 Demonstrative + N  3.3 Possessive + N  3.4 Quantified NP  3.5 Interrogative and Exclamative NP  3.6 Quality Adjectives 4 Morphology and Syntax of Personal Pronouns  4.1 The Forms of Free Pronouns and Clitics  4.2 Subject Clitics  4.3 Se Impersonal Subject  4.4 Subject Clitics in Interrogative Sentences  4.5 Clitics in Relative Clauses  4.6 Free Pronouns and Clitics as Direct Objects  4.7 Free Pronouns and Clitics as Datives and Indirect Objects  4.8 Reflexive Pronouns  4.9 Clitics Clusters  4.10 Allocutive Pronouns 5 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases  5.1 The Use of Simple Prepositions in Locative and Temporal Contexts  5.2 Other Uses of Simple Prepositions  5.3 Comparative Remarks on the Use of the Preposition in Central Trentino  5.4 Derivative and Compound Prepositions 6 Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases  6.1 Adverbial Morphology  6.2 Intensification and Modification of Adverbs  6.3 Some Peculiarities of the Adverbial System in Central Trentino  6.4 Affirmative and Negative Adverbs 7 Verb Morphology  7.1 The Regular Verbal Conjugations  7.2 Irregular Verbs  7.3 Past Participle Formation  7.4 Verb Formation  7.5 ‘Verb with Locative’ Constructions  Annex to Ch. 7: Tables of Verb Forms 8 Verb Agreement and Valency  8.1 Verb Agreement  8.2 Verb Types  8.3 Passive Voice and Other Mechanisms of Subject Demotion 9 Main and Embedded Clauses  9.1 The Syntax of Main Clauses  9.2 Argumental Subordinate Clauses  9.3 Adverbial Subordinate Clauses  9.4 Other Subordinate Clauses Introduced by the Complementiser che: Relatives, Pseudo-relatives and Clefts  9.5 Use of Subjunctive in Embedded Clauses 10 Pragmatic Particles  10.1 General Properties  10.2 Pragmatic Particles in Declarative Sentences  10.3 Pragmatic Particles in Interrogative and Imperative Sentences  10.4 The Modal Interpretation of the Enclitic -(n)te References Index

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Book SynopsisExpressives in the South Asian Linguistic Area offers the first comprehensive account of this important understudied word class from synchronic, diachronic, literary, and descriptive perspectives. The work contains studies from the four major language families of South Asia (Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austroasiatic, Tibeto-Burman) and covers domains in semantics, morphosyntax, and phonotactics. It also includes studies from literature and film that show how expressive form and function are embedded in performative contexts. Finally, the volume also contains first of its kind data from several small endangered languages from the region. Proposing an innovative methodology that combines structural and semiotic analysis, the volume advances a more holistic understanding of areal phenomena that departs from previous studies of the South Asian linguistic area.Trade Review"Expressives are the strongest examples of lexicon emoting a culture of a community and warrant to be recognized as constituting a separate grammatical category. [...] There is no grammatical category in human language that has such powerful emotive powers. One must read this volume to believe it." ~ Anvita Abbi, Jawaharlal Nehru University, in Journal of Linguistic Anthropology (2021, DOI: 10.1111/jola.12350)Table of ContentsForeword List of Maps, Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Introduction  Nathan Badenoch and Nishaant Choksi Part 1 Grammatical Investigations 1 Sticky Semantics Expressive Meaning in Mundari  Nathan Badenoch 2 Phonotactics and Sound Symbolism in Bangla  Masayuki Onishi and Durga Pada Datta 3 Expanding the Template of Reduplication in Mundari  Toshiki Osada, Madhu Purti and Nathan Badenoch 4 Expressive Form and Function in Solega  Aung Si Part 2 Diachronic Perspectives 5 Expressives in Sangam, Medieval, and Modern Tamil  Vasu Renganathan 6 Etymological Sources of Kurux Expressives  Masato Kobayashi and Tetru Oraon Part 3 Expressives in Poetic and Performative Contexts 7 Expressives in Hindi Film Songs  Nishaant Choksi 8 Expressives in Bangla Literature  Pabitra Sarkar 9 Expressives in the Santali Poetry of Sadhu Ramchand Murmu  Ganesh Murmu, Sarada Prasad Kisku and Nishaant Choksi Part 4 Descriptive Sketches 10 Sora Expressives  Gregory Anderson and Opino Gomango 11 Birhor Expressives  Bikram Jora 12 Duhumbi Expressives  Timotheus Bodt 13 Nihali Expressives An Isolate in Its Regional Context  Shailendra Mohan Index

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Book SynopsisInteractions of Degree and Quantification is a collection of chapters edited by Peter Hallman that deal with superlative, equative and differential constructions cross-linguistically, interactions of the comparative with both individual quantifiers and event structure, the use of the individual quantifier ‘some’ as a numeral, and the question of whether the very notion of ‘degree’ is reducible to a relation between individuals. These issues all represent semantic parallels and interactions between individual quantifiers (every, some, etc.) and degree quantifiers (more, most, numerals, etc.) in the expression of quantity and measurement. The contributions presented here advance the analytical depth and cross-linguistic breadth of the state of the art in semantics and its interface with syntax in human language.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables 1 Introduction  Peter Hallman 2 Indeterminate Numerals and Their Alternatives  Curt Anderson 3 The Semantics of the Superlative Quantifier -Est  Barbara Tomaszewicz-Özakın 4 Quantification, Degrees and Beyond in Navajo  Elizabeth Bogal-Allbritten and Elizabeth Coppock 5 Separate but Equal: A Typology of Equative Constructions  Jessica Rett 6 Compounded Scales  Alan Bale 7 From Possible Individuals to Scalar Segments  Roger Schwarzschild 8 Measuring Cardinalities: Evidence from Differential Comparatives in French  Vincent Homer and Rajesh Bhatt 9 Quantifying Events and Activities  Haley Farkas and Alexis Wellwood 10 Split Semantics for Non-monotonic Quantifiers in Than-Clauses  Linmin Zhang 11 Nominal Quantifiers in Than Clauses and Degree Questions  Nicholas Fleisher Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume edited by Tabea Ihsane focuses on different aspects of the distribution, semantics, and internal structure of nominal constituents with a “partitive article” in its indefinite interpretation and of potentially corresponding bare nouns. It further deals with diachronic issues, such as grammaticalization and evolution in the use of “partitive articles”. The outcome is a snapshot of current research into “partitive articles” and the way they relate to bare nouns, in a cross-linguistic perspective and on new data: the research covers noteworthy data (fieldwork data and corpora) from Standard languages - like French and Italian, but also German - to dialectal and regional varieties, including endangered ones like Francoprovençal.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Glosses and Abbreviations 1 Introduction  Tabea Ihsane 2 The Rise and Fall of Partitive Markers in Some Germanic Varieties  Thomas Strobel and Elvira Glaser 3 Bound To Be? Bare and Partitive-Marked Noun Phrases in Romance Languages and the Emergence of Prominence-Conditioned Patterns  Hagay Schurr 4 Why “Partitive Articles” Do Not Exist in (Old) Spanish  David Paul Gerards and Elisabeth Stark 5 Predicates of Personal Taste and Pancake Sentences in Brazilian Portuguese and French  Fabienne Martin, Janayna Carvalho and Artemis Alexiadou 6 Negation, des-Indefinites in French and Bare Nouns across Languages  Carmen Dobrovie-Sorin 7 Telicity, Specificity, and Complements with a Plural “Partitive Article” in French  Tabea Ihsane 8 A Protocol for Indefinite Determiners in Italian and Italo-Romance  Giuliana Giusti 9 “Partitive Articles” in Aosta Valley Francoprovençal—Old Questions and New Data  Elisabeth Stark and David Paul Gerards Index

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Book SynopsisA Grammar of Bjokapakha by Selin Grollmann constitutes the first description of Bjokapakha, an endangered language spoken in central Bhutan belonging to the Tshangla branch of Trans-Himalayan. This grammar comprises a description of the phonology, lexicon, nominal morphology, predicate structures and syntax. In addition to the descriptive parts, this book encompasses a historical-comparative account of Bjokapakha. The introductory chapter provides a comparison with the standard variety of Tshangla and corroborates the internal diversity of the Tshangla branch. The present-day structure of Bjokapakha verbal morphology is illuminated by means of an internal reconstruction. Moreover, this book contains a glossary and a text collection.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction  DTD#1.1 Language and Speakers  DTD#1.2 Phylogeny  DTD#1.3 Data, Material and Consultants  DTD#1.4 Structure and Focus 2 Phonology  DTD#1.1 Phoneme Inventory  DTD#1.2 Syllable Structure  DTD#1.3 Phonological Processes  DTD#1.4 Morphophonology 3 Lexicon  DTD#1.1 Grammatical Categories  DTD#1.2 Formatives  DTD#1.3 Compounding 4 Nominals and Noun Phrase Structures  DTD#1.1 Nominal Morphology  DTD#1.2 Pronouns  DTD#1.3 Noun Phrase Structure 5 Predicate Types and Structures  DTD#1.1 Overview of Verbal Morphology  DTD#1.2 Verbal Morphology  DTD#1.3 Complex Predicates  DTD#1.4 Nominal Predicates  DTD#1.5 An Internal Reconstruction of Bjokapakha Verbal Morphology 6 Syntax  DTD#1.1 Basic Clause Structure  DTD#1.2 Pragmatic Devices  DTD#1.3 Multi-clause Constructions Appendix 1: Text Corpus Appendix 2: Glossary References Index

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Book SynopsisA text usually provides more information than a random sequence of clauses: It combines sentence-level information to larger units which are glued together by coherence relations that may induce a hierarchical discourse structure. Since linguists have begun to investigate texts as more complex units of linguistic communication, it has been controversially discussed what the appropriate level of analysis of discourse structure ought to be and what the criteria to identify (minimal) discourse units are. Linguistic structure–and more precisely, the extraction and integration of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic information–is shown to be at the center of text processing and discourse comprehension. However, its role in the establishment of basic building blocks for a coherent discourse is still a subject of debate. This collection addresses these issues using various methodological approaches. It presents current results in theoretical, diachronic, experimental as well as computational research on structuring information in discourse.Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors 1 Structuring Information in Discourse: Topics and Methods  Israel de la Fuente, Anke Holler and Katja Suckow 2 Coherence and the Interpretation of Personal and Demonstrative Pronouns in German  Yvonne Portele and Markus Bader 3 Cleft Focus and Antecedent Accessibility: The Emergence of the Anti-focus Effect  Clare Patterson and Claudia Felser 4 Topics and Subjects in German Newspaper Editorials: A Corpus Study  Peter Bourgonje and Manfred Stede 5 Inferable and Partitive Indefinites in Topic Position  Klaus von Heusinger and Umut Özge 6 Projection to the Speaker: Non-restrictive Relatives Meet Coherence Relations  Katja Jasinskaja and Claudia Poschmann 7 Central Adverbial Clauses and the Derivation of Subject-Initial V2  Liliane Haegeman 8 Discourse Conditions on Relative Clauses: A Crosslinguistic and Diachronic Study on the Interaction between Mood, Verb Position and Information Structure  Marco Coniglio and Roland Hinterhölzl 9 What’s in an Act? Towards a Functional Discourse Grammar of Platonic Dialogue and a Linguistic Commentary on Plato’s Protagoras  Cassandra Freiberg

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Book SynopsisIn this book, Martin Hilpert lays out how Construction Grammar can be applied to the study of language change. In a series of ten lectures on Diachronic Construction Grammar, the book presents the theoretical foundations, open questions, and methodological approaches that inform the constructional analysis of diachronic processes in language. The lectures address issues such as constructional networks, competition between constructions, shifts in collocational preferences, and differentiation and attraction in constructional change. The book features analyses that utilize modern corpus-linguistic methodologies and that draw on current theoretical discussions in usage-based linguistics. It is relevant for researchers and students in cognitive linguistics, corpus linguistics, and historical linguistics.

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Book SynopsisThe alignment splits in the Neo-Aramaic languages display a considerable degree of diversity, especially in terms of agreement. While earlier studies have generally oversimplified the actual state of affairs, Paul M. Noorlander offers a meticulous and clear account of nearly all microvariation documented so far, addressing all relevant morphosyntactic phenomena. By means of fully glossed and translated examples, the author shows that this vast variation in morphological alignment, including ergativity, is unexpected from a functional typological perspective. He argues the alignment splits are rather the outcome of several construction-specific processes such as internal system harmonization and grammaticalization, as well as language contact.Table of ContentsPreface List of Figures, Maps and Tables Abbreviations and Symbols 1 Introduction  1.1 Ergativity, an Enigma in Semitic Linguistics?  1.2 Neo-Aramaic Dialects in the Land of Rivers  1.5 Previous Approaches to Alignment in Eastern Neo-Aramaic  1.6 Aims and Scope of This Book  1.7 Sources and Transcription Conventions  1.8 Outline 2 Who Did What to Whom in the Context of Neo-Aramaic  2.1 Main Components of Verbal Inflection in Neo-Aramaic  2.2 (Pro)nominals and Verbal Constructions Derived from (Pro)nominals  2.3 Defining and Identifying the Alignment of Who Did What to Whom  2.4 Conclusion: A Construction-Specific Approach  2.5 Overviews of Inflection 3 Ergativity and Its Typology: The Trans-Zab Jewish Dialects  3.1 Main Morphosyntactic Hallmarks  3.2 Ergativity and Alignment Splits in Typological Perspectives  3.3 Ergativity and Patient-Related Splits in Trans-Zab Jewish NENA  3.4 Ergativity and Splits along the Tense-Aspect-Mood Scale  3.5 Ergativity and Transitivity: Argument Omission and Valency Alternations  3.6 Conclusion: Construction-Specific, Not Alignment-Specific Factors 4 Christian and Western Jewish Dialects of NENA  4.1 Preliminary Notes on Morphosyntax  4.2 Ergative or Passive? Agents In and Out of Focus  4.3 Verb-Related Factors: Grammaticalization of Resultatives  4.4 Argument-Related Factors: Harmonizing the Object  4.5 Conclusion: Cross-System Harmonization 5 Below the Tigris: The Neo-Aramaic Dialects of Ṭur ʿAbdin and Mlaḥsó  5.1 Morphosyntactic Traits of Central Neo-Aramaic  5.2 The Neo-Aramaic Dialects of Ṭur ʿAbdin  5.3 The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Mlaḥsó  5.4 The Primacy of Intransitive Coding  5.5 Summary from Stem to Stern 6 Cross-Dialectal Synopsis of the Morphosyntax  6.1 Tense-Aspect-Sensitive Splits  6.2 Morphological Splits  6.3 Splits and Transitivity Alternations  6.4 Splits Based on Argument Properties 7 General Conclusion  7.1 Constructions Leading a Life of Their Own  7.2 A Taxonomy of Major Alignment Types References Index

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Book SynopsisIf there’s a domain in linguistics which complexity calls for ever further research, it’s clearly that of tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality, often referred to as ‘TAME’. The reason for which these domains of investigation have been connected so tightly as to deserve a common label is that their actual intertwining is so dense that one can hardly measure their effects purely individually, without regard to the other notions of the spectrum. On the other hand, despite their imbrications, tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality remain – needless to say – separate theoretical entities. The papers gathered in this volume cover a range of issues and a variety of methods that help delineate, each in its way, new perspectives on this broad domain.Table of ContentsList of Figures, Diagrams and Tables 1 Introduction  Laura Baranzini and Louis de Saussure Part 1 Meanings and Interpretations of Tenses 2 The Semantics of the Simple Future in Romance: Core Meaning and Parametric Variation  Victoria Escandell-Vidal 3 Tense Choice and Interpretation in First-Person Stories: A Contrastive Study of English and Japanese  Naoaki Wada 4 Time Updating Uses of the French Imparfait Extending Across Genres  Jakob Egetenmeyer Part 2 Aspectual Issues 5 The Futurate Reading of the Spanish Present Progressive (estar +-ndo)  Alicia Cipria 6 Non-culminating Accomplishments: Subject, Speaker and Syntactic Structure  Jacqueline Guéron and Svetlana Vogeleer 7 Preterit and Perfect in Romance: New Insights from Occitan  Myriam Bras and Jean Sibille Part 3 Modality and Evidentiality in Contrast 8 Double Modals in Scots: A Speaker’s Choice Hypothesis  Cameron Morin 9 The Contextualising Effects of the Modal Particle vel in Norwegian Interrogatives  Thorstein Fretheim 10 Belief and Performativity  Alda Mari 11 Post-modal Concessive Meanings: A Contrastive Corpus Study of French and German Modal Verbs  Corinne Rossari and Elena Smirnova 12 The Semantic Profile of the Past Evidential in Udmurt in Contemporary Texts  Rebeka Kubitsch Index

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Book SynopsisLe volume réunit des contributions qui abordent sous différents points de vue des problématiques liées au temps verbaux et à l'aspect, des phénomènes ponctuels aux sujets plus théoriques, dans une perspective monolingue ou comparative. The volume collects contributions that address issues related to verbal tenses and aspect from different points of view, from specific phenomena to more theoretical topics, from a monolingual or a comparative perspective.Table of Contents1 Introduction  Laura Baranzini et Louis de Saussure 2 Sur quelques usages temporels non-standard des expressions ici et maintenant  Francis Corblin et Tijana Ašić 3 Dans deux jours est-il à deux jours plus tard ce que demain est à le lendemain ?  Anne Le Draoulec et Marcel Vuillaume 4 Le futur simple et le futur périphrastique dans la presse contemporaine : une répartition des tâches bien réglée ?  Sandra Lhafi 5 Variations sur un concept : de l’ utilisation du point de référence R de Reichenbach dans des travaux récents en linguistique française  Carl Vetters 6 Interprétation itérative et procédure temporelle  François Heenen 7 ‘Aller + infinitif’ / ‘andare a + infinitif’ : effets de sens narratif / « risolutivo narrativo »  Alida Maria Silletti 8 La traduction du passé prospectif français en polonais  Denis Apothéloz et Małgorzata Nowakowska Index

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Book SynopsisAs the first major survey of relative clause structure in the indigenous languages of Mesoamerica, this volume comprises a collection of original, in-depth studies of relative constructions in representative languages from across Mexico and Central America, based on empirical data collected by the authors themselves. The studies not only reveal the complex and fascinating nature of relative clauses in the languages in question, but they also shed invaluable light on how Mesoamerica came to be one of the richest and most diverse linguistic areas on our planet.Table of Contentsb>Preface List of Figures and Maps Abbreviations Notes on Contributors 1 A Typological Overview of Relative Clause Structure in Mesoamerican Languages  Enrique L. Palancar, Roberto Zavala Maldonado and Claudine Chamoreau 2 Relative Clauses in Mixe-Zoquean Languages in Typological Perspective  Roberto Zavala Maldonado 3 A Typology of Domain Nominals in the Relative Constructions of San Miguel Chimalapa Zoque  Silviano Jiménez Jiménez 4 Relative Clauses and the Typology of Relative Heads in Q’anjob’al  Eladio (B’alam) Mateo Toledo 5 Non-configurational Features in the Relative Constructions of Tlaxcala Nahuatl  Lucero Flores Nájera 6 Information Structure and the Syntax of Zenzontepec Chatino Relative Clauses  Eric Campbell 7 Relative Clauses with a Full Nominal Head in Zoochina Zapotec  Óscar López Nicolás 8 Relative Clauses in Tilapa Otomi  Enrique L. Palancar 9 Restrictive Relative Constructions in Pesh: A Predominantly Internally-Headed Relative Clause Language  Claudine Chamoreau Afterword Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores the interface between morphosyntax and semantics-pragmatics in the domain of referential and quantificational nominal expressions. We present case studies from Romance and Germanic languages, dealing with both synchronic and diachronic aspects. Our aim is to empirically test, on the basis of comparative data, the most recent theoretical developments in the analysis of reference and quantification and to identify focal points for future research.Table of ContentsPreface List of Tables Notes on Contributors Abbreviations 1 Reference and Quantification in Nominal Phrases: The Current Landscape and the Way Ahead  Chiara Gianollo, Klaus von Heusinger and Maria Napoli 2 Definite Plural Generics in English: Evidence from De-adjectival Nominalization  Artemis Alexiadou 3 Quantification and Classification in Romance Plural Indefinites: From Number to Seinsart?  Mario Squartini 4 Topics and the Interpretation of Referential Null Subjects  Manuel Leonetti 5 Specificity and Questions of Specification  Edgar Onea 6 Being Bare: A Survey of Quantifier Positions  Cecilia Poletto 7 Indefinites as Fossils: The Case of wh-based Free Choice  Maria Aloni 8 The Evaluative Meaning of the Indefinite qualunque in (Old) Italian  Olga Kellert 9 Bare and Indefinite Nominal Predicates in the History of German  Svetlana Petrova Index of Subjects

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains a selection of papers presented at the Fifth Conference on the Foundations of Arab Linguistics (FAL V, Cambridge, 2018). The first part of the book deals with Sībawayhi’s Kitāb, the oldest known treatise of Arabic grammar: after providing insights on some of its specific terminology, these chapters evaluate its place as a source within the long-term tradition of grammatical studies. The second part of the book focuses on parallel developments in the Arabic grammatical theory, both in the classical and postclassical periods up to the 15th century. Some contributions also address the relationship between grammar and other disciplines, notably philosophy and Qurʾānic exegesis. As such, this volume aims to deepen our knowledge of the development of linguistic theories in the Islamicate world.

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Book SynopsisMeaning change in grammaticalization has been variously described in terms of decreasing semantic weight and increasing generality, abstraction, (inter)subjectivity or discourse orientation. The author shows that all these trends are subsumed by the notion of scope increase along a precise hierarchy of semantic and pragmatic layers of grammatical organization such as endorsed by Functional Discourse Grammar. The scope-increase hypothesis is immune from the exceptions and veritable counterexamples to all the aforementioned generalizations and has the decisive advantage of being more objectively measurable, given its direct bearing on actual linguistic structure. The extremely rare exceptions to this generalization are also addressed and found to always result from a type of change independent from grammaticalization – the merger of two separate speech acts.Table of Contents9789004520448 Acknowledgements List of Tables and Figures Abbreviations 1 Introduction  1.1 Theoretical Setting and Scope of the Research  1.2 State of the Art and Research Questions 2 Functional Discourse Grammar  2.1 General Features  2.2 Layered Structure  2.3 Four Levels of Grammatical Analysis  2.4 Summary 3 Grammaticalization between Structure and Context  3.1 Grammaticalization: History, Basic Concepts and Matters of Controversy  3.2 Lehmann’s Parameters and Processes  3.3 Paradigmatic Change  3.4 Grammaticalization as Context-Induced Reinterpretation  3.5 Towards an FDG Theory of Grammaticalization 4 Previous Approaches to Functional Change  4.1 Meaning Generalization  4.2 From Concrete to Abstract Meaning  4.3 From “Material” to “Relational” Meaning  4.4 Loss of Predicativity/Referentiality  4.5 Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Discourse Orientation  4.6 Summary 5 Grammaticalization as Scope Increase  5.1 Grammar and Conceptualization in FDG and in Other Functional Models  5.2 Scope Increase in FDG  5.3 Putative Counterexamples to the Scope-Increase Hypothesis  5.4 Refining the Scope-Increase Hypothesis  5.5 Conclusions and Outline of the Following Chapters 6 The Grammaticalization of Semantic, Pragmatic and Rhetorical Functions  6.1 Introduction  6.2 The Diachronic Development of Function Markers  6.3 Conclusions 7 When Scope Does Not Matter  7.1 Theoretical Preliminaries  7.2 Secondary Grammaticalization Changes Unrelated to Scope Increase  7.3 Discussion and Conclusions 8 Primary Grammaticalization: What Is Lexical and What Is Grammatical?  8.1 Introduction  8.2 The Lexical/Grammatical Dichotomy in FDG  8.3 Keizer’s Parameters Revisited  8.4 Lexical Roots and Derivational Affixes  8.5 Primary Grammaticalization without Lexemes: The Case of Non-verbal Predication  8.6 Summary 9 Conclusions References Language Index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive survey of the agreement phenomena found in written and spoken Arabic. It focuses on both the synchronic description of these agreement systems, and the diachronic question of how they evolved. To answer these questions, large amounts of data have been collected and analysed, ranging from 6th century poetry and Quranic Arabic to the contemporary dialects. The results presented by the authors of this research greatly improve our understanding of Arabic syntax, and challenge some well-established views. Can Arabic be envisioned as possessing more than only two genders? Are some contemporary dialects more similar to the pre-Classical version of the language than MSA is? And is the Standard rule prescribing feminine singular agreement with nonhuman plurals a more recent development than previously thought?Table of ContentsAcknowledgments List of Tables and Figures A Note on Terminology Introductory Note 1 Previous Studies on Agreement in Arabic  1.1 Agreement through Time: Arabic Old and New  1.2 Classical and Modern Standard Arabic  1.3 Spoken Arabic 2 Describing the Systems  2.1 Agreement from a Typological Perspective  2.2 Morphological Markers of Gender and Number in Arabic  2.3 The Spoken Dialects  2.4 Pre-Classical Arabic: Pre-Islamic Poetry and the Quran  2.5 The Odd Ones Out: Classical and Modern Standard Arabic  2.6 Summary 3 A Diachronic Account of Agreement: Formal and Written Arabic  3.1 An Overview of Agreement in Central Semitic  3.2 Methodological Issues in the Selection of the Corpora  3.3 A Change in Progress? Resemanticization in Pre-Islamic Poetry  3.4 Down the Agreement Hierarchy: Evidence from the Quran  3.5 Post-7th Century Poetry  3.6 The Dawn of Arabic Prose: Translated Syntax in Kalīla wa Dimna  3.7 From [-Individuated] to [-Human]: The Reanalysis of Semantic Features in Classical Arabic  3.8 After the 10th Century: What Escaped Standardization  3.9 Nabaṭī Poetry: Poetic Register or Survival of the Old System?  3.10 Summary 4 The Approach of Traditional Grammar: An Attempt at Reconstruction  4.1 Scope of the Chapter  4.2 Early Arabic Grammarians: From Sībawayh to al-Mubarrad  4.3 From 10th Century Grammars to Didactic Manuals: Further Developments  4.4 Between Tradition and Standardization: Arabic Grammar during the Nahḍa  4.5 Summary 5 A Diachronic Account of Agreement: Spoken Arabic  5.1 Feminine Singular Agreement with Plural Controllers: Modern Innovation or Ancient Retention?  5.2 The Loss of Feminine Plural Agreement  5.3 Summary Bibliography Index of Languages and Dialects General Index

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Book SynopsisThis reproduction of Visser’s volumes is more than welcome, and timely, as the volumes have been out of print for quite some time and were sometimes a little bit difficult to navigate. Having a searchable and easy-to-use online version, although maybe not perfect, available now means a revival for scholarship that celebrates its fiftieth birthday without losing any of its relevance.

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Book SynopsisThis reproduction of Visser’s volumes is more than welcome, and timely, as the volumes have been out of print for quite some time and were sometimes a little bit difficult to navigate. Having a searchable and easy-to-use online version, although maybe not perfect, available now means a revival for scholarship that celebrates its fiftieth birthday without losing any of its relevance.

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Book SynopsisThis reproduction of Visser’s volumes is more than welcome, and timely, as the volumes have been out of print for quite some time and were sometimes a little bit difficult to navigate. Having a searchable and easy-to-use online version, although maybe not perfect, available now means a revival for scholarship that celebrates its fiftieth birthday without losing any of its relevance.

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Book SynopsisWhat is the most descriptively and explanatorily adequate format for syntactic structures and how are they constrained? Different theories of syntax have provided various answers: sets, feature structures, tree diagrams… Building on formal and empirical insights from a wide variety of approaches spanning more than 70 years (including Transformational Grammar, Relational Grammar, Lexical-Functional Grammar, and Tree Adjoining Grammar), this monograph develops a new, mathematically grounded, framework in which objects known as graphs, and the constraints that follow from them, are argued to provide the best characterisation of the system of expressions and relations that make up natural language grammars. This new approach is motivated and exemplified via detailed and formally explicit analyses of major syntactic phenomena in English and Spanish.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments List of Figures Abbreviations 1 Introduction: Setting the Scene  1.1 Methodological and Historical Context  1.2 Transformations and the Preservation of Relations  1.3 Declarative vs. Procedural Syntax  1.4 On Graphs and Phrase Markers: First- and Second-Order Conditions on Structural Representations  1.5 Structural Uniformity (and Two Ways to Fix It)  1.6 You Only Have One Mother 2 Fundamentals of Graph-Theoretic Syntax  2.1 Defining (L-)Graphs  2.2 Syntactic Composition and Semantic Interpretation  2.3 Adjacency Matrices and Arcs: More on Allowed Relations 3 A Proof of Concept: Discontinuous Constituents 4 Some Inter-Theoretical Comparisons  4.1 Multiple-Gap Relative Constructions  4.2 Dependencies and Rootedness  4.3 Crossing Dependencies 5 Ordered Relations and Grammatical Functions  5.1 A Categorial Excursus on Unaccusatives and Expletives 6 Towards an Analysis of English Predicate Complement Constructions  6.1 Raising to Subject  6.2 Raising to Object  6.3 Object-Controlled Equi  6.4 Subject-Controlled Equi  6.5 A Note on Raising and Polarity: ‘Opacity’ Revisited 7 More on Cross-Arboreal Relations: Parentheticals and Clitic Climbing in Spanish  7.1 Discontinuity and Clitic Climbing in Spanish Auxiliary Chains 8 On Unexpected Binding Effects: a Graph-Theoretic Approach to Binding Theory  8.1 Grafts and Graphs 9 Complementation within the NP 10 Wh-Interrogatives: Aspects of Syntax and Semantics  10.1 Simple Wh-Questions 11 MIG s and Prizes 12 The Structural Heterogeneity of Coordinations 13 A Small Collection of Transformations  13.1 Passivisation  13.2 Dative Shift  13.3 Transformations vs. Alternations 14 Some Open Problems and Questions  14.1 A Note on Leftward and Rightward Extractions  14.2 Deletion without Deletion  14.3 Long Distance Dependencies and Resumptive Pronouns  14.4 Identity Issues in Local Reflexive Anaphora  14.5 Ghost in the Graph  14.6 A Derivational Alternative?  14.7 Future Prospects 15 Concluding Remarks Appendix: Some Notes on (Other) Graph-Based Approaches References Index

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