Grammar, syntax and morphology Books

Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book SynopsisSteven Pinker, the bestselling author of The Language Instinct, deploys his gift for explaining big ideas in The Sense of Style - an entertaining writing guide for the 21st centuryWhat is the secret of good prose? Does writing well even matter in an age of instant communication? Should we care? In this funny, thoughtful book about the modern art of writing, Steven Pinker shows us why we all need a sense of style.More than ever before, the currency of our social and cultural lives is the written word, from Twitter and texting to blogs, e-readers and old-fashioned books. But most style guides fail to prepare people for the challenges of writing in the 21st century, portraying it as a minefield of grievous errors rather than a form of pleasurable mastery. They fail to deal with an inescapable fact about language: it changes over time, adapted by millions of writers and speakers to their needs. Confusing changes in the world with moral decline, every generation believes the kids today are degrading society and taking language with it. A guide for the new millennium, writes Steven Pinker, has to be different.Drawing on the latest research in linguistics and cognitive science, Steven Pinker replaces the recycled dogma of previous style guides with reason and evidence. This thinking person''s guide to good writing shows why style still matters: in communicating effectively, in enhancing the spread of ideas, in earning a reader''s trust and, not least, in adding beauty to the world. Eye-opening, mind-expanding and cheerful, The Sense of Style shows that good style is part of what it means to be human.

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Book SynopsisGrammar in Use is the world's best-selling grammar series for learners of English.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisBased on the cumulative experience of three leading teachers of Arabic as a foreign language, Kalaam Gamiil builds and develops communicative skills in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic, along parallel tracks of vocabulary and grammar. It is designed for students who have reached the lower intermediate level of Modern Standard Arabic and are now ready to branch out into their first experience of a major spoken dialect. Structured around basic topics that crop up in daily conversations, lessons each include a situation, a vocabulary list, preparatory sentences using the new vocabulary items, explanations of grammar in English, cultural information, and a variety of mechanical drills and communicative exercises. The book, volume one of a two-part series, focuses on the speaking and listening skills that will enable intermediate students to handle a variety of uncomplicated communicative tasks with native speakers of Egyptian Arabic successfully.

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Book SynopsisGives student and instructors the comprehensive and accessible presentation of ancient Greek. This title features: readings based on actual texts and include unadapted passages from Xenophon, Lysias, Plato, Aristophanes, and Thucydides; composite list of verbs with principal parts, and an appendix of all paradigms; and, English-Greek glossaries.Trade Review"Introduction to Attic Greek is a superb description of Greek grammar." * Classical Journal *"A mine of information." * Classical Review *Table of ContentsPreface How To Use This Book Introduction. The Ancient Greek Language and Attic Greek Unit One. The Alphabet; Pronunciation Unit Two. Accentuation Unit Three. O-Declension Nouns; Prepositions I Unit Four. A-Declension Nouns I; The Article Unit Five. Present Active Indicative of O-Verbs Unit Six. A-Declension Nouns II; Prepositions II Unit Seven. Vowel-Declension Adjectives; Attribution and Predication Unit Eight. Second Person Imperative; Prepositions III; Relative Pronoun and Relative Clauses Unit Nine. Present Infinitive; Two-Ending Adjectives Unit Ten. Present of e? ?; Some Uses of the Genitive and Dative Unit Eleven. Present Middle/Passive Indicative Unit Twelve. Adverbs; Conjunctions; Pronoun ??t?s; Pronominal Article; Prepositions IV Unit Thirteen. Contract Verbs In -??; Demonstratives Unit Fourteen. Consonant-Declension Nouns I Unit Fifteen. Consonant-Declension Nouns II; Interrogative Pronoun Unit Sixteen. Imperfect Indicative Unit Seventeen. Indefinite ??s; Uses of the Accusative Unit Eighteen. Future Active and Middle Indicative Unit Nineteen. Aorist Active and Middle Indicative and Imperative Unit Twenty. Tense and Aspect; Indirect Discourse Unit Twenty-One. Consonant-Declension Nouns III; Personal Pronouns Unit Twenty-Two. Consonant-Declension Adjectives Unit Twenty-Three. Present System of ??-Verbs Unit Twenty-Four. Athematic Aorists Unit Twenty-Five. Adjectives With Variant Stems; Numerals; Reflexive and Reciprocal Pronouns; Result Constructions Unit Twenty-Six. Participles: Formation and Declension Unit Twenty-Seven. Uses of the Participle I Unit Twenty-Eight. Uses of the Participle II; ??da Unit Twenty-Nine. Aorist Passive and Future Passive Unit Thirty. Contract Verbs In -?? and -??; Further Uses of the Genitive and Dative Unit Thirty-One. Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs Unit Thirty-Two. The Subjunctive Unit Thirty-Three. Formation of the Optative Unit Thirty-Four. Uses of the Optative; Indirect Discourse With ?t?; Indirect Questions and Indirect Interrogative Unit Thirty-Five. Conditional Constructions Unit Thirty-Six. Indicative With ??; Correlatives; More Particles Unit Thirty-Seven. Perfect System Active Unit Thirty-Eight. Perfect System Middle/Passive; A-Contract Nouns Unit Thirty-Nine. Third Person Imperatives; Object Clauses With Verbs of Effort; Athematic Perfects Unit Forty. O-Contract Nouns; Verbal Adjectives In -??s and -???s; Subordinate Clauses In Indirect Discourse; Meanings of Prepositional Prefixes Unit Forty-One. Temporal Clauses With ??s and the Like; ????; Attraction Unit Forty-Two. Contract Vowel-Declension Adjectives; Attic Declension; Assimilation of Mood Appendix A. Table of Contractions Appendix B. Principal Parts Appendix C. Paradigms Greek -- English Glossary English -- Greek Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisThe Language of Displayed Art, first published in 1994, is a seminal work in the field of Multimodality and one of the few to be entirely dedicated to the analysis and interpretation of works of art. This book explores the grammar of the visual arts of painting, sculpture and architecture, proposing that as viewers we simultaneously read three different kinds of meaning in them: what is represented (Representational meaning) how it engages us (Modal meaning) how it is composed (Compositional meaning). The second edition features: two new chapters; an extended discussion of Chapter 5 Why Semiotics; and an extended version of Chapter 7 with more illustrations of language forms, discourse norms and genres, as well as non-art visual modes. The book is now accompanied by a CD, created by the author and features a virtual gallery of twenty-eight additional paintings with questions to encourage analysis and interpretaTrade Review'Occasionally a book comes along which takes over your whole field of attention and resets the way you look at some aspect of experience. For me "The Language of Displayed Art" was one such book. It opened up the world of painting, architecture and sculpture, bringing out its dimensions and depth of meaning and adding significantly to my understanding- and therefore to my enjoyment- of familiar and not so familiar works of art.' M.A.K. Halliday, Emeritus Professor of Linguistics, University of Sydney, Australia 'My favourite bedtime reading beautifully restored and given a new lease of life... this new colour edition with supporting CD-ROM has at last given this timeless masterpiece of art criticism the limelight it has long deserved. A cultural treasure trove for new acquaintances, for old fans the return of a sorely-missed truly multimodal companion.' Anthony Baldry, University of Messina, Italy Table of Contents1. Semiotics At Work 2. Bodily Perceptions: A Semiotics of Sculpture 3. A Semiotics of Architecture 4. Semiotics Across the Arts

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Book SynopsisFrench Creoles: A Comprehensive and Comparative Grammar is the first complete reference to present the morphology, grammar and syntax of a representative selection of French Creoles in one volume. The book is organised to promote a thorough understanding of the grammar of French Creoles and presents its complexities in a concise and readable form. An extensive index, cross-referencing and a generous use of headings provides readers with immediate access to the information they require.The varieties included within the volume provide a representative collection of French Creoles from the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, including: Mauritian Creole, Seychelles Creole, Reunion Creole (where relevant), Haitian Creole, Martinique Creole, Guadeloupe Creole, Guyanese French Creole, Karipuna, St. Lucia Creole, Louisiana Creole and Tayo. By providing a comprehensive description of a range of French Creoles in a clear and non-technical manner, this grammar isTable of ContentsIntroduction Creole Languages – an historical overviewWhat is a Creole?How did Creoles develop?Place of Creoles in educationChapter 1 MorphologyAffixes - inflectional and derivationalCompoundingChapter 2 Nouns Common and proper nounsConcrete and abstract nounsCount and non-count nounsChapter 3 ArticlesDefinite articleIndefinite articleZero articleChapter 4 PronounsPersonal pronounsPossessive pronounsDemonstrative pronounsReflexive pronouns Chapter 5 Adjectives and AdverbsPre- and post-nominal adjectivesAugmentative and dimunitive adjectivesAdjective reduplicationOrdering adjectivesAdverbs (temporal, locational, manner, reason) Chapter 6 Numerals and quantifiersTypes of numerals (ordinal, cardinal)Quantifiers Chapter 7 Verbs Types of verbs (transitive, ditransitive, unaccusative, unergative, control, raising, causative verbs) Verbs and their complements (finite and non-finite complements, defective complements, and small clause complements)Serial verb constructionsChapter 8 Tense, Mood, and Aspect markersOrdering of tense, mood, and aspect markersModality (possibility, necessity, permission)Chapter 9 PrepositionsTypes of meaning expressed (e.g. dative, instrumental, location)Chapter 10 SubordinationSubordinating conjunctions Adjunct clausesChapter 11 Questions (types of questions: yes/no questions, wh-questions, multiple wh-questions, wh-in-situ questions, echo-questions)Chapter 12 Relative clauses (restrictive and non-restrictive)Relative pronounsStrategies for forming relative clausesRange of grammatical functions which can be relativizedPied-piping and resumptive pronounsChapter 13 Focus constructionsCleft constructionsTopic constructionsChapter 14 NegationSentence and constituent negationN(egative)-words Relation between N-words and negationChapter 15 Sentence structure and word order Subject-less sentencesVerb-less sentencesObjectless sentencesBibliography

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Book Synopsis'My first English lesson was grammar with the terrifying Mrs Petrie. She spent the entire time marching up and down the classroom, thwacking various items of school furniture with a ruler while she banged on about the ING part of the verb. I sat there, vibrating with fear, desperately trying to figure out what on earth she could mean. Irregular Negative Gerund? Intransitive Nominative Genitive? It was only years later, when I was teaching English to foreign students, that I realised that English grammar wasn't obscure and wilfully difficult but a fascinating subject which I was already brilliant at - and this book will prove that you are too.'Forget the little you think you know about English grammar and start afresh with this highly entertaining and accessible guide. English for the Natives outlines the rules and structures of our language as they are taught to foreign students - and have never before been explained to us. Harry Ritchie also examines the grammar of dialects as well as standard English and shows how non-standard forms are just as valid. With examples from a wide variety of sources, from Ali G to John Betjeman, Margaret Thatcher to Match of the Day, this essential book reveals some surprising truths about our language and teaches you all the things you didn't know you knew about grammar.Trade ReviewRitchie's approach to English grammar in this entertaining book on the subject is a relief * Sunday Times *This informative read reassures that mastering our language is easier than it seems * Mail on Sunday, Paperback of the Week *A hugely entertaining read, full of attitude and verve and sharp running jokes. And underneath all this lies rigorous linguistic heft, which gives the book real authority * Daily Mail *I learnt a lot about my own language from English for the Natives, and about how our language and our understanding of the world have developed in tandem. And I particularly appreciated Harry Ritchie's bold dismantling of the metaphysics of Chomskyan structuralism. Wonderful to have such a fresh first-hand observation of how language actually works * Michael Frayn *Clear, trenchant, funny, Ritchie makes thinking a pleasure * John Carey *Essential reading * Nick Hornby *An engaging response to an educational disaster . . . This book is sensible, valuable and written with a sense of fun * TLS *How many new books are there about words, grammar and language? Nonetheless, Harry Ritchie's English for the Natives leaps to the top of the pile for its sharp, good sense, linguistic rigour [and] sense of humour -- Marcus Berkmann * The Spectator *On the pleasantly scholarly end of the word book spectrum. Informed by linguistics, it has a particularly good discussion of the controversy between "innatists" (following Chomsky) and others * Guardian *

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Book SynopsisWhat exactly are words? Are they the things that get listed in dictionaries, or are they the basic units of sentence structure? Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy explores the implications of these different approaches to words in English.

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Book SynopsisPlayful and practical, this is the style book you can't wait to use, a guide that addresses classic questions of English usage with wit and the blackest of humor. Black-and-white illustrations throughout.

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Book SynopsisFredric Jameson's survey of Structuralism and Russian Formalism is, at the same time, a critique of their basic methodology. He lays bare the presuppositions of the two movements, clarifying the relationship between the synchronic methods of Saussurean linguistics and the realities of time and history.Trade Review"A densely but lucidly written critique of modern linguistic theory and its application in and implications for formalism and structuralism... The Prison-House of Language ought to be purchased by every library and read by everyone interested in modern thought."--Library Journal "This is a brilliant and provocative book, perhaps most exciting in the suggestion of the new rigor and penetration possible in historical study when we have emerged on the other side of structuralism."--Virginia Quarterly Review "Jameson's intellectual stamina is altogether admirable, the breadth of his analysis impressive, and his expository skills, on occasion, remarkable. Moreover, his admiration for the achievements of the Russian Formalists and their 'cousins,' the French Structuralists, does not prevent him from offering some cogent strictures on the built-in pitfalls of Structuralist methodology."--Modern Language Quarterly

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Book SynopsisIn a compact, easy-to-use format, this new book offers a convenient guide to grammar for any student of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the version of Arabic most commonly used in journalism, formal writing, and litera-ture. Drawing on over a decade of experience as a full-time teacher of Arabic, Azza Hassanein explains the rules in straight-forward English, illustrating usage with examples throughout. The book covers all the rules of grammar and morphology that students require for elementary, intermediate, and advanced levels of Arabic. As a compact guide, it is an ideal auxiliary, no matter what textbook the student is using. While students of the language will find Modern Standard Arabic Grammar extremely helpful, it is also a valuable tool for linguists who want to acquire a clear idea about the skeletal structure of the language, as well as translators who are working with written Arabic. Covering all the important grammatical rules of MSA, from nisba adjectives and nominal and verbal sentences to more complex constructions such as condi-tional sentences and the subjunctive, this unique handbook fills a real need for the growing number of people worldwide learning Arabic.Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. Derivation and the Pattern System2. The Definite Article and Solar and Lunar Letters3. Interrogative Particles4. Case5. Singular, Dual, and Plural6. Demonstratives7. Nasab Adjectives8. Idaafa Construction9. Pronouns: Separate Pronouns and Pronominal Suffixes10. Prepositions11. Followers12. Types of Sentences13. Verbs14. Verb Conjugations15. Kana and Its Sisters16. Inna and Its Sisters17. Kada and Its Sisters18. Passive Voice19. Jussive and Subjunctive20. Negation21. Relative Pronouns22. The Five Nouns23. Abbreviated and Defective Nouns24. Diptotes25. Verbal Nouns26. Active Participles27. Passive Participles28. Nouns of Place29. Accusative of State30. Accusative of Cognate31. Accusative of Cause or Purpose32. Adverbials of Time and Place33. Accusative of Specification34. Comparatives and Superlatives35. Exceptions36. Vocative37. Wonder Construction38. Absolute Negation39. Conditional Sentence40. Sentences that Function as Words41. Types of Laa42. Types of Maa43. Types of Hatta

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Table of ContentsFrontmatter -- Table of contents -- List of tables and figures -- Abbreviations used in FG-representations -- 1. Methodological preliminaries -- 2. Some basic concepts of linguistic theory -- 3. Preview of Functional Grammar -- 4. The nuclear predication -- 5. States of Affairs and semantic functions -- 6. On the function and structure of terms -- 7. Term operators -- 8. Non-verbal predicates -- 9. Nuclear, core, and extended predication -- 10. Perspectivizing the State of Affairs: Subject and Object assignment -- 11. Reconsidering the Semantic Function Hierarchy; Raising; Ergativity -- 12. Predication, proposition, clause -- 13. Pragmatic functions -- 14. Expression rules -- 15. The operation of expression rules -- 16. Principles of constituent ordering -- 17. Constituent ordering: problems and complications -- 18. Prosodic features -- Backmatter

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Book SynopsisThe world's greatest authority on language explains the secrets and subtleties of the grammar of English. David Crystal explores its history and varieties, explains its rules and irregularities and shows how to navigate its snares and pitfalls. He gives practical guidance on how grammar is used in different ways for different purposes and in different social settings. In a series of revealing illustrations he also considers what learned and prominent people have said about English grammar over the centuries. Like its three companion volumes Making Sense will appeal to everyone interested in the English language and how to use it.Trade ReviewRefreshing and briskly written ... Crystal shows that grammar is not nearly as tedious as it can seem. * Sunday Times *Previous praise for David Crystal: 'Crystal's book is full of distractions and delights. * Daily Express *If the history of language is a sort of labyrinth, David Crystal is an excellent guide * The Age, Australia *Delicious revelations ... Crystal does an excellent job, not just of tracing the etymology of a word, but of relating it to social history, painting a picture of our times through words * Independent on Sunday *

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Book Synopsis''Wonderful. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human'' STEPHEN FRY''Most popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari''s smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it'' THE SUNDAY TIMES, a Book of the Year''A meaty, rewarding and necessary read'' GUARDIAN''Fascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it''s a richly rewarding read'' MAIL ON SUNDAY - A word''s origin doesn''t tell you what it means today- There are languages that change when your mother-in-law is present- The language you speak could make you more prone to accidents- There''s a special part of the brain that produces swear wordsTaking us on a mind-boggling journey through the science of language, linguist David Shariatmadari uncoverTrade ReviewWonderful. David Shariatmadari wears his deep learning with such an admirable and alluring lightness of touch. He brilliantly swats away the pesky 'language guardian' flies, whose misbegotten pedantries and ignorant persnicketiness are the real threats to living language. You finish the book more alive than ever to the enduring mystery and miracle of that thing that makes us most human, the gift of language that was bestowed upon us so astonishingly recently in evolutionary time and that has made us everything that we are . . . for good or ill -- STEPHEN FRYDavid Shariatmadari translates the often arcane theories of linguistics into a sequence of accessible ideas and theories, making us look afresh at the language we speak and how it structures our intimacies, our thoughts, and our identities. Wry and immensely intelligent, this learned book awakens us to complexities of communication that we too readily ignore, and it does so with both deep scholarship and a light touch -- ANDREW SOLOMONCompletely fascinating and eye-opening. David Shariatmadari is warm, wise and wonderfully steeped in his subject - the perfect guide to the brilliantly strange world of language -- MARINA HYDEA skilful summation of the latest research on how languages emerge, change, convey meaning and influence how we think . . . a meaty, rewarding and necessary read * GUARDIAN *This lucid examination of linguistics entertains as much as it informs . . . above all, this is a generous and enthralling study of the basis of how we communicate -- Alexander Larman * OBSERVER *Fascinating and thought-provoking . . . crammed with weird and wonderful facts. Don't Believe a Word is a serious piece of research, cogently and carefully presented . . . for anyone who delights in linguistics it's a richly rewarding read * MAIL ON SUNDAY *Most popular books on language dumb down; Shariatmadari's smartens things up, and is all the more entertaining for it * THE SUNDAY TIMES, Books of the Year *An illuminating and thought-provoking journey through language -- DEAN BURNETTCome for the myth-busting, stay for the lighthearted introduction to linguistics. David Shariatmadari ably demonstrates that there are plenty of fascinating things to learn about language without indulging in sensationalist headlines. Recommended for both language fans and anyone who enjoys learning about the hidden patterns in everyday life -- GRETCHEN MCCULLOCH, author of BECAUSE INTERNET

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Book Synopsis'Will do for grammar what Eats Shoots and Leaves did for punctuation' - The Times_______________________A runaway hit and Sunday Times bestseller in 2008, My Grammar and I has continued to grow in popularity, becoming the go-to guide for grammar.My Grammar and I offers amusing examples of awful grammar, while steering you in the direction of grammatical greatness. Taking you on a tour of the English language through the minefield of rules and conditions that can catch you out, from dangling modifiers to split infinitives, it highlights the common pitfalls that every English language user faces on a day to day basis.Refreshing everything you should have learnt at school and more, My Grammar and I is informative yet entertaining: a must-have reference guide for any English language enthusiast.Trade Reviewwill do for grammar what Eats Shoots and Leaves did for punctuation * The Times *Beautifully produced... a lot of fun * Tribune *If you belong to the generation who missed out on being taught grammar at school then out this book on top of your Christmas wish list. If you were taught, then put it on your wish list. Everyone should have this book, in fact... a great stocking filler for total grammar novices and experts alike * The Northern Echo *Sensible and concise... shows you how to make our wonderful, fluid language work for you rather than against you * The Good Book Guide *This book would be the perfect Christmas gift for anyone who is genuinely interested in why we write the way in which we do, or who likes doing what's right and proper * The Basingstoke Gazette *A useful book for anyone with an interest in the English language and an excellent stocking filler * The Wolverhampton Chronicle *A useable refresher... pedants will also find answers to those evergreen contentious teasers * The Bournemouth Daily Echo *It's a little gem that takes you on a tour of the English language * Knutsford Guardian *

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Book SynopsisThis dictionary is an invaluable reference for anyone with an interest in the earliest form of the English language (i.e. the form of English spoken from around 700 AD until 1100 AD). Includes listings from Old English to Modern English (over 5,500 entries) and from Modern English to Old English (over 3,900 entries), along with a grammar section, a list of place names in Old English, numbers and the calendar, and the likely pronunciation of Old English words.Table of ContentsPreface to 2nd edition Abbreviations used in this dictionary The Alphabet Pronunciation Relation to other languages Grammar Nouns Adjectives Adverbs Pronouns Interrogative pronouns: hwa ('who')/hwaet ('what') Hwaether ('which of two') Hwilc ('which') 'The'/'that' 'This' Strong verbs Weak verbs Preterite-present verbs i-mutation Bibliography Place names Britain Countries and Continents Cardinal numbers and the calendar AEnglisc - English English - AEnglisc

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Book SynopsisGrammar by Diagram is a book designed for anyone who wishes to improve grammatical understanding and skill. Using traditional sentence diagraming as a visual tool, the book explains how to expand ten basic patterns for simple sentences into compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, and how to employ verbals (infinitives, gerunds, and participles), other specialized structures, and even punctuation for additional versatility. The third edition includes more exercises at the foundational level and more focus on how to arrange and combine sentences for maximum effect. It also includes a new initial chapter on “preliminaries” to define a few basic but overarching concepts, a separate chapter on pronouns, and a chapter devoted to the connection between understanding grammar and writing effective sentences. Trade Review“Grammar for English majors is as important as mathematics for physics majors; it is the invisible structure that determines how language works. Unlike math, however, almost everyone learns to speak a language well without studying it in school. Grammar is unconscious logical structure we know without knowing it. Cindy Vitto’s Grammar by Diagram makes it conscious and comprehensible and will improve students’ writing and analytical skills, no matter their majors.” — Gordon Sayre, University of OregonPraise for the second edition“Rejoice! After years of neglect, sentence diagraming can unapologetically return to college courses. Cindy Vitto’s Grammar by Diagram makes this a fruitful return by using diagraming first to lay bare the structural bones of English and then to demonstrate ways in which writers use these components to create effective sentences. Through diagraming, students see that a strong sentence is a purposefully structured unit and not a set of words aimlessly strung together. Thus Grammar by Diagram gives students not only skills for crafting better sentences but also tools for examining language with greater care.” — Candace Barrington, Central Connecticut State University“Grammar by Diagram is a dream come true for me. I grew up academically on diagraming, and I have always thought it is one of the best ways for students to visualize the structure of the language.” — George Edward Stanley, Cameron University“Vitto deftly integrates diagraming into her descriptive gram-mar approach to instruction on basic and advanced grammar topics, resulting in a book that is not about sentence diagraming but that offers it as a tool to demonstrate abstract concepts that otherwise are not easily visualized. … I look forward to using Grammar by Diagram to help my students visualize the abstractions of grammar by creating concrete representations of it. That is likely to result in both the comprehension and the enjoyment that Vitto states are her intentions for readers as they study the grammar of English.” — Kevin Moberg, The Assembly for the Teaching of English Grammar JournalTable of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 Preliminaries Chapter 2 The Eight Parts of Speech: Building a Sentence with Noun or Pronoun + Verb Chapter 3 The Eight Parts of Speech—Adding Information and Connections: Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection Chapter 4 Basic Sentence Patterns for Be and Linking Verbs Chapter 5 Basic Sentence Patterns for Intransitive and Transitive Verbs Chapter 6 Combining and Expanding Patterns: Compound Structures Chapter 7 Combining and Expanding Patterns: Complex Sentences with Adverb and Relative Clauses Chapter 8 Combining and Expanding Patterns: Complex Sentences with Noun Clauses Chapter 9 Verbals Chapter 10 Crafting Better Sentences Chapter 11 Verbs Chapter 12 Pronouns Chapter 13 Usage Problems Associated with Adjectives and Adverbs Chapter 14 Punctuation and Capitalization Appendix 1 Summary of Clauses and Verbals Appendix 2 Diagraming Summary Appendix 3 Verb Conjugations (See and Be) Appendix 4 The Least You Should Know about Punctuation and Usage Answer Key Index

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Book SynopsisBuild your mastery of French grammar with the most focused review and practice workbook for beginning to intermediate learnersânow with audio support from the McGraw Hill Language Lab app!Understanding the rules of grammar is the first step in learning a language, but gaining true mastery requires reinforcing your knowledge with extensive practice. In French Grammar Drills youâll get all the practice you need to build confidence in your French language skills.Each chapter in French Grammar Drills starts with a review of the concepts at hand, with helpful examples and an extensive progression of rigorous drill exercises. The book includes a final review section, with an additional 60 quizzes available in the McGraw Hill Language Lab app. The on-the-go study aid is newly enhanced in this edition with audio recordings of the answers, helping you improve your skills in both listening and speaking the French language.Features:NEW: Aud

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Book SynopsisIndispensable grammar support for ages 7+ , this lively handbook provides short, clear definitions of all key grammatical concepts plus lots of examples, tips on spelling, and dictionary and thesaurus work.

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Book SynopsisThis succinct and authoritative volume is the perfect guide to the many grammatical laws and idiosyncrasies that govern the English Language. Larry Trask writes with remarkable clarity, communicating complex abstract ideas with enviable ease. By focusing only on what is relevant, current and genuinely helpful, THE PENGUIN DICTIONARY OF GRAMMAR is essential reading for linguists, English Language students, and indeed anyone who writes in English. The Society of Freelance Edtitors and Proofreaders recommended his PUNCTUATION book as ''excellent''.

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Book SynopsisFirst published in 1975, After Babel constituted the first systematic investigation of the theory and processes of translation since the eighteenth century. Both controversial and seminal, it has given rise to a considerable body of secondary literature. For the second edition, George Steiner entirely revised the text, added new and expanded notes, provided a substantially updated bibliography , and wrote a new preface setting the book in the present context of hermeneutics, poetics, and translation studies.Trade ReviewTranslation ... has long needed a champion, and at last in George Steiner it has found a scholar who is a match for the task. * Maurice Cranston, Sunday Times *A masterly and impressive work * Jan Marsh, Daily Telegraph *

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Book SynopsisThis book shows that given the new findings of cognitive linguistics, it is possible to offer a unified account of not only linguistic meaning but also that of meaning in a wide variety of social and cultural phenomena. It is suggested that cognitive linguistics is a much more comprehensive enterprise than is commonly accepted--both inside and outside the field. The book presents a comprehensive account of meaning in many linguistic and cultural phenomena that is crucially based and dependent on cognitive capacities that human understanders and producers of language possess independently of their ability to use language.Trade ReviewThis newest addition to the Kövecses canon will stand as one of his most engaging and conclusive works. Thus, it is highly recommended for all metaphor researchers and scholars. For a broader readership, the book is engaging as well as pedagogical. Thus, it is highly recommended as a fine overall introduction to the cognitive linguistics of metaphor and as an exceptional overview of the important roles of culture, history, and of course, context in figurative communication.

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Book SynopsisThis accessible overview covers all the basic linguistic elements of Old English, including nouns, adjectives, verbs, syntax, word order, and vocabulary. Offering a unique study of Old English in context, it combines a wide variety of short texts with an up-to-date assessment of the forms of language that remain as the foundation of English today. Comparisons are drawn between Old and present-day English and also with other related languages such as Dutch, German, and French. Old English poetry and dialect variation are also discussed.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph examines the relationship between women, language and grammar with particular reference to the Italian context between the sixteenth and the end of the nineteenth century, from the codification of Italian as a literary language to the formation of a unified state. It investigates the role played by women in the Italian linguistic tradition as addressees, readers or authors of grammatical texts. In spite of the ever-growing interest in different aspects of women''s life in the Western world through the centuries, little attention has been given up to now to women''s linguistic education, their relationship with grammar and the ideas about their use of language. In the context of Italy, these questions were virtually unexplored. This study is the result of extensive first-hand research and detailed analysis of primary sources (well-known texts, as well as minor and rare ones), brought together for the first time and made available to a wider public. Sources range from moreTrade ReviewThis excellent study ... [is] a thorough and original treatment of a hitherto unexplored aspect of Italian linguistic and literary history. ... It will surely become a standard reference for scholars in linguistic and women's history alike. * Paul Gehl, Historiographia Linguistica *"[An] excellent and stimulating study ... richly detailed and illustrated. * Jane Everson, Times Literary Supplement *Sanson's excellent study proposes a different way of looking at the development of the Italian standard language according to women's perspective ... [it] opens the path for further research in this field ... We wish this book could be translated into Italian. * Jolanda Guardi, Gender and Language *Helena Sanson's book ... stands out for its thorough coverage and its rigorous use of documentary evidence. * Francesco Sberlati, Modern Language Review *An excellent study ... [T]he richness of little-known material brought together and discussed ... is simply astounding [...] reading this learned ... highly enjoyable book is particularly satisfying ... this volume will remain forever as a milestone in the study of women's contribution to linguistics and the study of grammar. * Diego Zancani, Letteratura italiana antica *Table of ContentsPROLOGUE: ON GRAMMAR AND WOMEN ; PART I (SIXTEENTH-SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES) ; PART TWO (EIGHTEENTH-EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURIES) ; PART THREE (THE NINETEENTH CENTURY)

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I: Presentation of the volume Introduction Table of contents 1. Adverbial resumption in V2 languages: the background Liliane Haegeman Karen De Clercq Terje Lohndal Christine Meklenburg Salvesen 2. Frame-setters and microvariation of subject-initial Verb Second Ciro Greco Liliane Haegeman Part II. Revisiting the typology of adverbial resumption 3. On the syntax of fronted adverbial clauses in two Tyrolean dialects: the distribution of resumptive semm Jan Casalicchio Federica Cognola 4. A generalised resumptive in the Ghent variety of East Flemish? Karen De Clercq Liliane Haegeman 5. Resumptive adverbs in Old French and Old Occitan Barbara Vance Part III. Adverbial resumption and the syntax of V2 3.1. Resumption and the syntax of (non) integration 6. Adverbial resumption in German from a synchronic and diachronic perspective Katrin Axel-Tober 7. V3 in True V2 Contexts and Adverbial Resumption in Old English Eric Haeberli Susan Pintzuk 8. Adverbial resumption and scope: a case study of Norwegian Christine Meklenborg Salvesen Terje Lohndal 3.2. Adverbial resumption and the articulated left periphery of V2 9. Resumption in Medieval Romance: Reconsidering si Sam Wolfe 10. Why is it so? An analysis of the V3 cases after si in Old Italian Cecilia Poletto 11. The syntax of the V3 particle så in the Swedish left periphery Anders Holmberg 12. The XP-Þá-construction and V2 Jóhannes Gísli Jónsson 13. Resolving permissible and impermissible V3 in Kiezdeutsch: resumption and beyond Benjamin Lowell Sluckin Oliver Bunk

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Book SynopsisOptimality theory has revolutionized phonological theory, and its insights are now being applied to other central aspects of language. This book presents the results of research as applied to syntax/language acquisition, as well as considering the main lines of attack by rule-based grammarians.Table of ContentsPART IA: PHONOLOGY - PROSODIC REPRESENTATIONS ; PART IB: PHONOLOGY - SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY ; PART II: SYNTAX ; PART III: THE ACQUISITION OF SYNTAX AND PHONOLOGY

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Book SynopsisIn this, the first comprehensive survey of the phonological system of Dutch, Geert Booij lays particular stress on the relation between morphology, syntax, and prosodic structure at both word- and sentence-level. His primary aim is to provide an overview of the system as a whole, based in part on a number of more detailed studies of particular aspects of Dutch phonology. As a reference work, the book directs the reader to the available literature. The book is not primarily intended as a contribution to phonological theory; however, it is couched in terms of present-day non-linear generative phonology, and the author''s analyses are relevant for a number of current issues in phonological theory such as the principles of syllable structure, the interaction of phonology and morphology, underspecification, rule typology, the domain specification of phonological rules, cliticization, and the role of rhythm in word stress.Trade ReviewThe author has published ... quite a few groundbreaking books and articles on phonology, and he may be considered as one of Holland's leading phonologists. * J.J. Spa, Word *The Phonology of Dutch is well written and provides most of the Dutch phonological facts. * J.J. Spa, Word *an excellent blend of descriptive detail and theoretical insight. Booij provides a clear and readable overview of the facts whilst at the same time succinctly pinpointing phenomena which are of particular theoretical importance. This book will be of immense value to all those interested either in Dutch linguistics or in theoretical morphology. * Andrew Spencer, Professor of Linguistics, University of Essex *A treasure trove of data and references ... the book containsa wealth of well-presented material on Dutch and will surely play an important role in future research about the language. * Glot International *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. The sounds of Dutch: Phonetic characterization and phonological representation ; 3. The prosodic structure of words ; 4. Word phonology ; 5. Word stress ; 6. Connected speech I: Word phonology ; 7. Connected speech II: Sentence phonology ; 8. Connected speech III: Cliticization ; 9. Orthography

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Book SynopsisVerbal aspect is a significant element to be considered when interpreting a number of New Testament texts. This book surveys ways in which verbal aspect has been treated in the past century, and discusses what aspect is and how it functions in New Testament Greek. It provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the aspects of present, aorist, and perfect in New Testament Greek, and pulls together the results of research from a wide variety of linguistic studies. In his study Dr Fanning analyses the specific ways in which the aspects combine with linguistic and contextual features to produce various secondary meanings. He cites extensive sections of New Testament Greek as illustrative evidence, thus presenting a new approach which is a significant improvement on previous treatments and which will prove invaluable to interpreters of New Testament texts.Trade ReviewIt is obviously a work for specialists, clearly written, and could be followed by anyone interested in the grammatical details of the Greek New Testament. The wealth of excerpts make it a useful reference work in New Testament exegesis. * Robert Morgan, Linacre College, Oxford, Theological Book Review, Vol. 3, No.2, January 1991 *He has produced an outstanding account of aspect in New Testament Greek; those who agree with him are encouraged to refine his analysis; while those who desagree are challenged to produce an alternative that is as rich and insightful. * Bernard Comrie, University of Southern California *Dr Fanning has placed us in his debt with this masterly study... of what he prefers to call `verbal aspect'... F. exhibits exceptional thoroughness. The book is pleasing in both English and Greek type-founts, misprints are few, the bibliography is impressive, the indexes are good, and, happily, the footnotes are footnotes. * A.R. Birley, The Classical Review, vol XLI, no 2, 1991. *For his having revitalized New Testament grammatical study in one significant area we express our admiration and thanks. I suspect that once the general theme of the book has been understood, it will be used as a reference book by those who are attentive to aspect and tense in their reading of the Greek text. The index of Biblical passages will therefore be the main entrée to the rich discussions and descriptions preceding it. * J.K. Elliott, Novum Testamentum XXXIV, 1 (1992) *A comprehensive study of aspect based upon a large corpus of evidence and taking account of the extensive modern literature that has accumulated on the topic is highly welcome. A brief summary of this nature cannot do full justice to the rich collection of material and the comprehensive nature of the discussion found in this book. Particularly worthy of mention are the discussions of the lexical nature of certain verbs. * David Bain, University of Manchester *This book contains much to interest and instruct. Dr Fanning gives expert guidance through a maze of technical terms in at least four languages ... the argument and presentation are clear and systematic throughout the book, and the way is enlivened by stimulating comments on illustrative passages. * G.M. Styler, Journal of Theological Studies, Vol. 44, No. 1, April 1993 *invaluable to teachers of Greek NT ... This highly technical book belongs in reference libraries wherever Greek is taught. * Robert F. Hull, Jr. Emmanuel School of Religion, Johnson City, Religious Studies Review, Volume 19, Number 3 / July 1993 *Table of ContentsDefinition of verbal aspect; the meaning of the verbal aspects in New Testament Greek; the effect of inherent meaning and other elements on aspectual function; the aspects in the indicative mood; the aspects in commands and prohibitions; the aspects in other non-indicative forms of the verb.

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Book SynopsisBL First book to apply type theory to natural language Per Martin Lof first presented constructive type theory in 1970 and it has become intrinsic to the foundations of mathematics and computer science. This book is the first to take an in-depth look at the theory from the point of view of linguistics and the philosophy of language.Trade Review'The formalism introduced by the author allows better understanding of the role of semantics in grammars of natural languages and supplies mechnisms for various levels of linguistic description.' T.Balanescu, Zenrrallblatt fur Mathematik und ihre Grenzgebiete No. 855, 1997Table of Contents1. Preliminary remarks ; 2. Gradual introduction to type theory ; 3. Logical operators in English ; 4. Anaphoric expressions ; 5. Temporal reference ; 6. Text and discourse ; 7. Context and possible worlds ; 8. Higher-level type theory ; 9. Sugaring and parsing ; Appendix ; Sugaring in ALF ; Bibliography ; Index

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Book SynopsisA Latin Grammar offers: The most accessible students'' guide: clearly written explanations of key Latin grammar points in an easily navigable layout Hundreds of example sentences: illustrating every grammar point Vocabulary list: covering all the Latin words found in the text Glossary of grammatical terms: extra support for beginners, and a handy refresher reference for more advance students Additional information about the Roman world: special appendices on Roman dates, money, weights and measures, and names provide essential information about the Roman world More study help: an explanation of literary terms and a list of helpful study tips give students invaluable advice on learning the language Guide to pronunciation: a guide to how Latin was pronounced helps students bring to life this influential languageTrade ReviewIf you are looking to bin the old Kennedys and restock Latin grammars, then this is certainly worth considering, being competitively priced and easy to use. * Hilary Walters, Jact Review, Series 2, No.27, Summer 00. *There is a pleasing historical sense to the book, with short articles on Latin pronunciation in England and the development of Kennedy's primer, along with the gender rhymes, offered as a curiosity ... The grammar has a fresher, more modern appearance and style. * Hilary Walters, Jact Review, Series 2, No.27, Summer 00. *Table of ContentsAPPENDICES

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Book SynopsisThis accessible and unique approach to grammar comes in two parts: the first section consists of a practical guide on how to understand and use grammar successfully, and the second is an extensive A-Z glossary of grammatical terms. It is ideal for both language students and anyone wanting to improve their written and spoken English.Table of ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; CONTENTS; SECTION A; SECTION B

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Book SynopsisSince its appearance in 1967, Professor Lewis''s Turkish Grammar has been the standard work on the language throughout the English-speaking world. This revised and fully updated new edition further reflects the results of the language reform movement which, though not so drastic in its effect on the spoken language, has made anything written before the early 1930s, and a lot since, increasingly obscure to subsequent generations. Incorporating much new material, it presents an authoritative, lucid, and engaging text, setting out every form and construction of pre- and post-reform Turkish that may be encountered in print, as well as colloquial usages. Reviews of the first edition: ''This is by far the most comprehensive Turkish grammar ever published in English [Professor Lewis] guides the student through the delicate labyrinths of the language with sympathetic understanding and what is rare in the grammarian humour The typography and arrangement of the book are beyond all praise, and alTrade ReviewWhile others have told the history of the language reform as well, it is Lewis' great merit that more than a third of his study is devoted to analyzing the 'ingredients' and 'concoctions' of this reform as he calls them. This he does both expertly and wittily, enlivening his scholarly discussion of how intellectuals and others employed various suffixes to coin new words while frequently bending the rules of linguistics. * Jacob M. Landau, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; Bibliography ; Abbreviations ; Orthography and Phonology ; The Noun ; The Adjective ; Noun and Adjective Suffixes ; Pronouns ; Numerals ; Postpositions ; The Verb ; Participles ; Verbal Nouns ; Gerunds ; Adverbs ; Conjunctions and Particles ; Word-Formation ; The Order of Elements in the Sentence ; Number, Case, and Apposition ; The Noun Clause and the Substantival Sentence ; Adjectival Phrases and Participial Qualifiers ; The Subjunctive ; Conditional Sentences ; Asyndetic Subordination ; Punctuation ; Sentence-Analysis ; Further Examples ; Index [the index is further divided for ease of reference]

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an empirical and theoretical exploration of the development of object clitic pronouns in the Romance languages, drawing on data from Latin, medieval vernaculars, modern Romance languages, and lesser-known dialects. Diego Pescarini examines phonological, morphological, and especially syntactic aspects of Romance object clitics, using the findings to reconstruct their evolution from Latin to Romance and to model clitic placement in modern Romance languages. On the theoretical side, the volume engages with previous accounts of clitics, particularly in generative theory. It challenges the received idea that cliticization resulted from a form of syntactic deficiency; instead, it proposes that clitics resulted from the feature endowment of discourse features, which initially caused freezing of certain pronominal forms and then - through reanalysis - their successive incorporation to verbal hosts. This approach leads to a revision of earlier analyses of well-known phenomena sTrade Review... is extremely valuable for future research. * Anna Chiara Bassan, LINGUIST List *The different chapters of the book hang well together. Their ordering provides the overall schema, but there are many cross-references between chapters resulting from systematic methodologies and critical themes. The whole framework accounts for the accurate visualization of the object clitic phenomenon in Romance languages ... The present work is accessible to university-level students and is extremely valuable for future research. It provides a detailed source of bibliographic materials while evoking the historiographical process a theory or hypothesis is based on. * Anna Chiara Bassan, LINGUIST List *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Setting the Scene 1: Properties of Romance object clitics 2: Theoretical preliminaries 3: Historical overview Part II: Deficiency 4: Syntactic evidence against deficiency 5: Morphophonological evidence against deficiency Part III: The Emergence of Clitics 6: Clitics in embryo 7: The rise of ad-verbal clitics Part IV: Early Romance 8: 'V2' and clitic placement 9: Deriving enclisis in 'V1' clauses Part V: Towards Microvariation 10: Clitic climbing 11: Clitic combinations 12: Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together new work on prosody and prosodic interfaces from international experts in the field, with parts exploring word prosody and phrase prosody, lexical tone and intonation, and the syntax-prosody interface. The empirical data comes from a wide range of languages, including many that are largely undocumented or understudied.Trade ReviewThis is a valuable collection of individual chapters that together shed light on how word-level and sentence-level prosodic and grammatical phenomena interact and influence one another. Most deal with specific topics in a considerable typological and geographical variety of languages, yet the editors have succeeded in fashioning a coherent and empirically rich anthology of some of the best current work. * D. Robert Ladd, University of Edinburgh *This volume on prosody, edited and written by some of the best-known specialists in the field, is a unique source of information from both the theoretical and the data perspective. Students and researchers will find in-depth analyses of known and less-known languages and discussions of important theoretical issues. * Caroline Féry, Goethe University Frankfurt *Table of ContentsPreface List of figures and tables List of abbreviations The contributors Haruo Kubozono, Junko Ito, and Armin Mester: Introduction Part I: Word prosody and phrase prosody 1: Laura McPherson: Word tone is epiphenomenal: A case study from Poko 2: José Ignacio Hualde: Accent shift and the reconstruction of Old Common Basque accentuation 3: Draga Zec and Elizabeth Zsiga: Tone and stress as agents of cross-dialectal variation: The case of Serbian 4: Sara Myrberg: Two-peakedness in South Swedish and the Scandinavian tone accent typology 5: Larry M. Hyman: Prosodic asymmetries in nominal vs verbal phrases in Bantu 6: Carlos Gussenhoven: How metrical is the Autosegmental-Metrical model? Evidence from pitch accents in Nubi, Persian, and English Part II: Lexical tone and intonation 7: Ryan Bennett, Robert Henderson, and Megan Harvey: Tonal variability and marginal contrast: Lexical pitch in Uspanteko 8: Gabriela Caballero, Yuan Chai, and Marc Garellek: Stress, tone, and intonation in Choguita Rarámuri 9: Haruo Kubozono: Interactions between lexical and postlexical tones: Evidence from Japanese vocative prosody 10: Yosuke Igarashi: Prosodic phrasing, long-distance rise, and structural prominence marking in Japanese dialects without lexically constrastive tones 11: Yuan Chai, Titus Kubri Kajo Kunda, Alejandro Rodríguez, and Sharon Rose: Prosody of declaratives and questions in Rere (Koalib) Part III: The syntax-prosody interface 12: Seunghun J. Lee and Elisabeth Selkirk: Xitsonga tone: The syntax-phonology interface 13: Gorka Elordieta and Elisabeth Selkirk: Unaccentedness and the formation of prosodic structure in Lekeitio Basque 14: Shinichiro Ishihara: On the (lack of) correspondence between syntactic clauses and intonational phrases 15: Jennifer Bellik, Junko Ito, Nick Kalivoda, and Armin Mester: Matching and alignment References Index

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores the role that functional elements play in syntactic change and investigates the semantic and functional features that are the driving force behind those changes. It contains both case studies of individual languages such as German, Hungarian, and Romanian, and detailed investigations of cross-linguistic phenomena.Table of Contents1: Barbara Egedi and Veronika Hegedüs: The role of functional heads in syntactic change 2: Lieven Danckaert: Changing patterns of clausal complementation in Latin: A parametric approach to 'constructional' changes 3: Adina Dragomirescu and Virginia Hill: From split to remerged Fin in Romanian supine complements 4: Ana Maria Martins, Sandra Pereira, and Clara Pinto: The diachronic path of senão: From conditional subordination to exceptive coordination 5: Emanuela Sanfelici, Jacopo Garzonio, and Cecilia Poletto: On Italian relative complementizers and relative pronouns: Rethinking grammaticalization 6: Julia Bacskai-Atkari: Information structure, functional left peripheries, and the history of a Hungarian interrogative marker 7: Eric Haeberli and Tabea Ihsane: The recategorization of modals in English: Evidence from adverb placement 8: Ida Larsson and Ellen Brandner: Tense recursion, perfect doubling, and the grammaticalization of auxiliaries 9: Jóhannes Gísli Jónsson and Brynhildur Stefánsdóttir: P-incorporation in the history of Icelandic 10: Heimir F. Viðarsson: From Old to Modern Icelandic: Dative applicatives and NP/DP configurationality

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Book SynopsisThis book shows that every language has an adjective class and how such classes vary. Thirteen scholars report original research on languages from North, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The book throws new light on the nature and classification of adjectives and redefines the cross-linguistic parameters of their variation.Trade Review...makes a major contribution to the general study of parts of speech across languages... The editors of this book have provided a much-needed analytical framework for typologizing the key distinctions in how the adjective manifests itself as a part of speech. * Edward J Vajda, Western Washington University *Table of Contents1. Adjective Classes in Typological Perspective ; 2. Inflected and Uninflected Adjective in Japanese ; 3. The Two Adjective Classes in Manange ; 4. The Adjective Class in Tariana ; 5. Adjectives in Mam ; 6. Adjectives in Papantla Totonac ; 7. The Small Adjective Class in Jarawara ; 8. The Russian Adjective: A Pervasive yet Elusive Category ; 9. The Adjective Class in Korean ; 10. Is There an Adjective Class in Wolof? ; 11. Adjectives in North-East Ambae ; 12. Adjectives in Semelai ; 13. Adjectives in Qiang ; 14. Adjectives in Lao ; 15. Adjective Classes: What Can we Conclude? ; References ; Author Index ; Language and Language Family Index ; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis book is a cross-linguistic investigation of resumptive pronouns and related phenomena. Pronominal resumption is the realization of the base of a syntactic dependency as a bound pronoun. Resumption occurs in unbounded dependencies, such as relative clauses and questions, and in the variety of raising known as copy raising. Processing factors may also give rise to resumption, even in environments where it does not normally occur in a given language.Ash Asudeh proposes a new theory of resumption based on the use of a resource logic for semantic composition and the typologically robust observation that resumptive pronouns are ordinary pronouns in their morphological and lexical properties. The framework for semantic composition is Glue Semantics and the syntactic framework is Lexical-Functional Grammar. The author introduces these frameworks and the concept of resource logics accessibly and compares results and explanations with those offered by a number of contrasting theoretical fraTable of ContentsPART I BACKGROUND; PART II THEORY; PART III SYNTACTICALLY ACTIVE RESUMPTIVES; PART IV SYNTACTICALLY INACTIVE RESUMPTIVES; PART V OTHER KINDS OF RESUMPTION; PART VI APPENDICES

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Book SynopsisThis book contains updated and substantially revised versions of Angelika Kratzer''s classic papers on modals and conditionals, including ''What must and can must and can mean'', ''Partition and Revision'', ''The Notional Category of Modality'', ''Conditionals'', ''An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought'', and ''Facts: Particulars or Information Units?''. The book''s contents add up to some of the most important work on modals and conditionals in particular and on the semantics-syntax interface more generally. It will be of central interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions.Trade ReviewThe book's contents add up to some of the most important work on modals and conditionals. It will be of central interest to linguists and philosophers of language of all theoretical persuasions. * MathSciNet *An indispensible resource. * François Recanati, Institut Jean Nicod *This book is a treasure of the puzzles, illustrations, and parables that have shaped the modern view of the language of modals and conditionals. It defines the standard against which all theorizing on the subject is to be measured. A classic. * Barry Schein, University of Southern California *This work collects and dramatically expands upon Angelika Kratzer's now classic papers. There is scarcely an area of philosophy that remains or will remain untouched by their influence. * Jason Stanley, Rutgers University *Table of Contents1. What Must and Can Must and Can Mean ; 2. The Notional Category of Modality ; 3. Partition and Revision: The Semantics of Counterfactuals ; 4. Conditionals ; 5. An Investigation of the Lumps of Thought ; 6. Facts: Particulars or Information Units? ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis fast-track introduction to syntax assumes no prior knowledge of linguistic theory. It is designed for specialist undergraduates and for those coming to linguistics for the first time as graduates, including students in computational science, artificial intelligence, and psychology.Trade ReviewAdger truly manages to achieve a good balance between a formal theoretical model and its empirical coverage. Each chapter includes excellent problem sets and a list of further readings... The author takes a lot of time to illustrate each derivation step by step, thus helping students to see the workings of a formal syntactic system. Another very positive characteristic is the approach to crosslinguistic variation, which is given consistently in terms of features.... I would definitely recommend this book to anyone who wants a text that presents minimalist syntax in a clear way and with data from a vast array of languages." * Artemis Alexiadou, Language *This book is intended as an introduction to three things. Firstly, the fact that syntax should be carried out using a consistent set of theoretical assumptions. Secondly, as the title says, 'core' areas of syntax are covered. Finally, the methodology of theory formation is emphasised as well. Overall I would say that the book has accomplished these aims admirably. I have found this to be an excellent introduction to Minimalist Syntax, and to syntactic theorising in general. All the ideas are presented clearly. Something I found particularly good was the way examples are worked through in detail, with each instance of feature checking specified. Also, the exercises were well presented, with some particularly difficult areas such as binding dealt with clearly ... This is a high quality textbook, which I would certainly recommend. * Linguist List *Table of Contents1. Core Concepts ; 2. Morphosyntactic Features ; 3. Constituency and Theta Roles ; 4. Representing Phrase Structure ; 5. Functional Categories I: TP ; 6. Subjects and Objects ; 7. Functional Categories II: the DP ; 8. Functional Categories III: CP ; 9. Wh Movement ; 10. Locality

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Book SynopsisPatrick Farrell explains how grammatical relations are characterized in modern theories of grammar. He describes the historical development and conceptual precedents of competing theories and, ranging across a wide variety of languages, considers what their merits and limitations are in different contexts. He examines their conceptions of relations such as subject, object, indirect object, agent, patient, and actor, and their accounts of such syntactic phenomena as ergativity, split intransitivity, voice alternations, and case marking. Professor Farrell compares mainstream generative-transformational approaches with both formalist and functionalist alternative approaches, revealing points of convergence and divergence. He identifies and discusses problems and issues of continuing concern and considers how these might be resolved. This is an ideal introduction for graduate students and will be a valuable reference for theoretical linguists of all persuasions.Oxford Surveys in Syntax andTrade Review...the book achieves [its] goal in an accessible and effocient fashion. * Donna B. Gerdts Linguistics *...an ideal introduction for graduate students and will be a valuable reference for theoretical linguists of all persuasions. * Folia Linguistica *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Grammatical Relations Across Languages ; 3. Relational Grammar ; 4. Role and Reference Grammar ; 5. Transformational Grammar ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisHow does human language work? How do we put ideas into words that others can understand? Can linguistics shed light on the way the brain operates? Foundations of Language puts linguistics back at the centre of the search to understand human consciousness. Ray Jackendoff begins by surveying the developments in linguistics over the years since Noam Chomsky''s Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. He goes on to propose a radical re-conception of how the brain processes language. This opens up vivid new perspectives on every major aspect of language and communication, including grammar, vocabulary, learning, the origins of human language, and how language relates to the real world. Foundations of Language makes important connections with other disciplines which have been isolated from linguistics for many years. It sets a new agenda for close cooperation between the study of language, mind, the brain, behaviour, and evolution.Trade ReviewThe book is ... a fascinating introduction to the world of linguistics. ... I found the book extremely interesting, captivating and important. If you are not sure about certain basic facts in the research of natural language, read this book. It will provide you with quite an objective view of the development of the research of language on all aspects. * Linguist List *A masterpiece * Nature *I believe this book has the potential to reorient linguistics more decisively than any book since Syntactic Structures shook the discipline almost half a century ago. * Robbins Burling, Language in Society *An excellent overview of the complexities of language * New Scientist *Table of ContentsPART I: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS ; 1. The Complexity of Linguistic Structure ; 2. Language as a Mental Phenomenon ; 3. Combinatoriality ; 4. Universal Grammar ; PART II: ARCHITECTURAL FOUNDATIONS ; 5. The Parallel Architecture ; 6. Lexical Storage Versus Online Construction ; 7. Implications for Processing ; 8. An Evolutionary Perspective on the Architecture ; PART III: SEMANTIC AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS ; 9. Semantics as a Mentalistic Enterprise ; 10. Reference and Truth ; 11. Lexical Semantics ; 12. Phrasal Semantics ; 13. Concluding Remarks

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the first full-scale work of its kind in English, Harm Pinkster applies contemporary linguistic theories and the findings of traditional grammar to the study of Latin syntax. He takes a non-technical and principally descriptive approach, based on literary and non-literary texts dating from c.250 BC to c.450 AD. The book contains a wealth of examples to illustrate the grammatical phenomena under discussion, many of them from the works of Plautus and Cicero, alongside extensive references to other sources of examples such as the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. This first volume focuses on the simple clause. It begins with an introduction to the sources used and to the approaches and conventions adopted, followed by a description of the basic grammatical concepts. Further chapters offer a thorough account of the features of the Latin simple clause, including verb frames, active vs passive mood, sentence type, negation, and the noun phrase, among maTrade ReviewThis book will become the point of reference for the next century of Latin scholarship For those who think that we already knew enough about Latin grammar, think again. This work is the culmination of decades of research on Latin, enriched by the discovery and publication of new texts and a centurys advances in linguistics. * James Clackson, Bryn Mawr Classical Review *P.'s new syntax is detailed, informative and accessible ... P.'s book is an invaluable tool for anyone interested in Latin linguistics. * Wolfgang de Melo, Journal of Roman Studies *Any serious student of Latin will want to become acquainted with this book. One looks forward to the second volume. * Andrew R. Dyck, Classical World *The Oxford Latin Syntax is an essential new reference for researchers in Latin linguistics, classicists, and university students. Non-specialists are introduced to ideas in theoretical linguistics and to the relevant terminology [and] technical concepts such as autocausative, counterfactual, and negator climbing can be easily understood by those outside the field thanks to the numerous examples with translations and notes. * Chiara Fedriani, Incontri Linguistici *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Basic grammatical concepts ; 3. Latin word classes and inflectional categories ; 4. Verb frames ; 5. Active/passive, reflexivity, and intransitivization ; 6. Sentence type and illocutionary force ; 7. The semantic values of the Latin tenses and moods ; 8. Negation ; 9. Syntactic functions of arguments and the categories of constituents that may fulfil them ; 10. Satellites ; 11. The noun phrase ; 12. Cases and prepositions ; 13. Agreement ; References ; Index

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