Civil engineering, surveying and building Books

Book SynopsisIntroduction to Geotechnical Processes will cover the elements of ground treatment and improvement, from the control of groundwater, drilling and grouting to ground anchors and electro-chemical hardening.Trade Review"...delivers what it promises...will certainly appeal to students wishing to grasp the main principles and applications... the reader who absorbs the knowledge transmitted within the pages of this slim volume will be well prepared for dealing in a practical way with problematic ground encountered on site."Mike Rosenbaum Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology'An absolutely first class book, in content and style.' – Lecturer, Edge Hill University'...delivers what it promises...will certainly appeal to students wishing to grasp the main principles and applications... the reader who absorbs the knowledge transmitted within the pages of this slim volume will be well prepared for dealing in a practical way with problematic ground encountered on site.'Mike Rosenbaum Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology'An absolutely first class book, in content and style.' – Lecturer, Edge Hill UniversityTable of Contents1. Ground Investigation 2. Decision-Making Charts 3. Groundwater Control: General Considerations 4. Groundwater Control: Removal Methods 5. Groundwater Control: Exclusion Methods 6. Ground Improvement 7. Ground Improvement by Grouting 8. Cavity Stabilisation 9. Ground Anchors 10. Pile Grouting 11. Plant for Geotechnical Processes

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Book SynopsisIdeal for undergraduates of geotechnical engineering for civil engineers, this established textbook sets out the basic theories of soil mechanics in a clear and straightforward way; combining both classical and critical state theories and giving students a good grounding in the subject which will last right through into a career as a geotechnical engineer.The subject is broken down into discrete topics which are presented in a series of short, focused chapters with clear and accessible text that develops from the purely theoretical to discussing practical applications. Soil behaviour is described by relatively simple equations with clear parameters while a number of worked examples and simple experimental demonstrations are included to illustrate the principles involved and aid reader understanding.Trade Review"Possibly the best text book for supporting an introductory course on soil mechanics, and one which is uniquely leavened by reference to everyday observations."- David White, GéotechniqueTable of ContentsSimple Experiments 1. Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering 2. Basic Mechanics 3. Material Behaviour 4. Structure of the Earth 5. Classification 6. Pore Pressure, Effective Stress, Drainage 7. Laboratory Testing 8. Compression and Swelling 9. Critical State Strength 10. Peak States 11. Behaviour before Failure 12. Cam Clay 13. Stiffness 14. Steady State Seepage 15. Consolidation 16. Natural Soils 17. Ground Investigations 18. Soil Parameters for Design 19. Ultimate Stability of Soil Structures Using Bound Methods 20. Limit Equilibrium Method 21. Slope Stability 22. Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow Foundations 23. Piled Foundations 24. Earth Pressure and Stability of Retaining Walls 25. Tunnelling in Soft Ground 26. Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils 27. Centrifuge Modeling 28. Concluding Remarks

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Book SynopsisCurrent assessment methods of sustainable buildings do not adequately account for the usersâ needs. Given that over the life of a building, total salary costs far outweigh both operating costs and combined capital and rental costs, the occupantsâ needs are not something which should be sensibly ignored.This book presents an unbiased evaluation of thirty of the most cutting-edge, sustainable buildings in the world, in terms of the usersâ perceived comfort, health and productivity. The author has visited the buildings, interviewed the design teams and examined the findings of a sixty-question standardized user questionnaire. The book provides: thirty case studies covering mixed-mode, passive and environmentally sustainable commercial and institutional buildings detailed insights into the principles underlying the design of sustainable buildings worldwide, over several climatic zones and eleven countries, together with clear explanations and illustrations oTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Overview of the Buildings and their Performance Part 1: Buildings in Cold – Temperate Climates 2. NRG Systems Facility, Hinesburg, Vermont, USA 3. Computer Science and Engineering Building, York University, Ontario, Canada 4. Military Families Resource Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5. SciencePark, Gelsenkirchen, Germany 6. National Works Yard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 7. Liu Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Part 2: Buildings in Medium – Temperate Climates 8. Gifford Studios, Southampton, England 9. Arup Campus, Solihull, England 10. Zicer Building, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England 11. Renewable Energy Systems, Kings Langley, England 12. City Hall, London, England 13. The Foundation Building, Eden Project, St Austell, Cornwall, England 14. The Mathematics and Statistics and Computer Science Building, Canterbury University, Christchurch, New Zealand 15. St Mary’s Credit Union, Navan, Ireland 16. Scottsdale Forest Ecocentre, Tasmania, Australia 17. Tokyo Gas, Kohoku New Town, Yokohama 18. Nikken Sekkei Building, Tokyo Part 3: Buildings in Warm – Temperate Climates 19. The Landcare Research Laboratory, Auckland, New Zealand 20. The Campus Reception and Administration Building, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand 21. 60 Leicester Street, Melbourne, Australia 22. 40 Albert Road, South Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 23. The Red Centre Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 24. Institute of Languages, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia 25. General Purpose Building, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia 26. Student Services Centre, University of Newcastle, Australia 27. Natural Resources Defence Council, Santa Monica, California, USA Part 4: Buildings in Hot – Humid Climates 28. Institute of Technical Education, Bishan, Singapore 29. Ministry of Energy Water and Communications Building, Putrajaya, Malaysia 30. Menara Umno, Penang, Malaysia 31.Torrent Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India

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Book SynopsisNow in full colour, the third edition of this well established book provides a readable and highly illustrated overview of the aspects of geology that are most significant to civil engineers.Sections in the book include those devoted to the main rock types, weathering, ground investigation, rock mass strength, failures of old mines, subsidence on peats and clays, sinkholes on limestone and chalk, water in landslides, slope stabilization and understanding ground conditions. The roles of both natural and man-induced processes are assessed, and this understanding is developed into an appreciation of the geological environments potentially hazardous to civil engineering and construction projects. For each style of difficult ground, available techniques of site investigation and remediation are reviewed and evaluated.Each topic is presented as a double page spread with a careful mix of text and diagrams, with tabulated reference material on parameters such as bearing strengTrade Review"A useful source for a quick insight into the subject or a reminder for the practising engineer when difficult ground is encountered."—Ground Engineering"This is an excellent book that will be invaluable not only as a textbook for students taking an engineering geology, geology or civil engineering course but also as a reference book/aide memoire in later years as they (and we more advanced practitioners) follow their careers."—Geological MagazineTable of ContentsGeology. Igneous Rocks. Surface Processes. Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks. Geological Structures. Geological Maps. Map Interpretation. Tectonics. Boundary Hazards. Rocks of Britain. Rocks of the US. Weathering and Soils. Floodplains and Alluvium. Glacial Deposits. Climatic Variants. Coastal Processes. Groundwater. Ground Investigation. Desk Study. Ground Investigation Boreholes. Geophysical Surveys. Assessment of Difficult Ground. Rock Strength. Rock Mass Strength. Soil Strength. Ground Subsidence. Subsidence on Clays. Subsidence on Limestone. Subsidence Over Old Mines. Mining Subsidence. Slope Failure and Landslides. Water in Landslides. Soil Failures and Flowslides. Landslide Hazards. Slope Stabilization. Ground Conditions. Rock Excavation. Tunnels in Rock. Stone and Aggregate. Appendices. Rock Mass Quality Q System. Abbreviations and Notation. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisConcrete is an integral part of twenty-first century structural engineering, and an understanding of how to analyze and design concrete structures is a vital part of training as a structural engineer. With Eurocode legislation increasingly replacing British Standards, itâs also important to know how this affects the way you can work with concrete. Newly revised to Eurocode 2, this second edition retains the originalâs emphasis on qualitative understanding of the overall behaviour of concrete structures. Now expanded, with a new chapter dedicated to case studies, worked examples, and exercise examples, it is an even more comprehensive guide to conceptual design, analysis, and detailed design of concrete structures.The book provides civil and structural engineering students with complete coverage of the analysis and design of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. Great emphasis is placed on developing a qualitative understanding of the overall behaviour of strTable of ContentsPart 1: Structural Loading and Qualitative Design: Fundamentals of Qualitative Design. Basic Layout of Concrete. Loads and Load Effects. Part 2: Preliminary Analysis and Design: Fundamentals of Structural Analysis. Applications of Structural Analysis to Concrete Structures. Preliminary Sizing of Members. Case Studies. Part 3: Detailed Member Design: Design of Reinforced Concrete Members for Bending. Design of Prestressed Concrete Members for Bending. Combined Axial Force and Bending of Reinforced Concrete Members. Design for Shear and Torsion. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisDon't let your mathematical skills fail you! In Engineering, Construction, and Science examinations, marks are often lost through carelessness or from not properly understanding the mathematics involved. When there are only a few marks on offer for a part of a question, there may be full marks for a right answer and none for a wrong one, regardless of the thought that went into the answer. If you want to avoid losing these marks by improving the clarity both of your mathematical work and your mathematical understanding, then Essential Maths for Engineering and Construction is the book for you.We all make mistakes; who doesn't? But mistakes can be avoided when we understand why we make them. Taking mistakes commonly made by undergraduate students as its entry point, this book not only looks at how you can prevent mistakes, but also provides a primer for the fundamental mathematical skills required for your degree discipline.Whether you strugglTrade ReviewAs a principal lecturer who teaches maths to undergraduates in civil engineering and architecture, Mark Breach is well aware of the mistakes and insecurities that beset his students. ... Throughout the book, there are a lot of both worked examples, and exercises for the student to use as practice, with the solutions printed upside-down in blocks of text. ... a very useful resource for students entering tertiary education in a field that requires maths.—Peter R. Smith, University of Sydney, Australia, in Architectural Science Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, May 2012Table of ContentsFinding the Pitfalls: Introduction. Find an Independent Check. Misleading with Mathematics: When Ink Meets Paper. Juggling with Numbers. False Assumptions and False Logic. Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics. Some Mistakes that we Make: Errors in Arithmetic. Errors in Algebra. Errors in Trigonometry. Calculator Errors. Bad Notation. Errors in Calculus. Test Yourself.

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Book SynopsisDetailing is an essential part of the design process. This thorough reference guide for the design of reinforced concrete structures is largely based on Eurocode 2 (EC2), plus other European design standards such as Eurocode 8 (EC8), where appropriate.With its large format, double-page spread layout, this book systematically details 213 structural elements. These have been carefully selected by Josà Calavera to cover relevant elements used in practice. Each element is presented with a whole-page annotated model along with commentary and recommendations for the element concerned, as well as a summary of the appropriate Eurocode legislation with reference to further standards and literature. The book's website provides AutoCAD files of all of the models, which can be directly developed and adapted for specific designs.Its accessible and practical format makes the book an ideal handbook for professional engineers working with reinforced concrete, as well as for students wTrade ReviewEste manual, heredero natural del elaborado en su día por el mismo autor de acuerdo con la Instrucción Española EHE, resulta de gran interés para los técnicos y profesionales que trabajan en el diseño de estructuras de hormigón armado en general, y para los españoles en particular, dada la relativamente escasa discusión alcanzada hasta ahora entre nuestros especialistas por el Eurocodigo (EC-2) y las perspectivas de que esta situación vaya modificándose en el futuro. —Hormigón y Acero, enero – marzo 2012, Volumen 63 – numero 263This manual, natural inheritor to works by the same author in accordance to the Instrucción Española (EHE), is of great interest to technicians and professionals working in the design of reinforced concrete structures in general, and for Spaniards in particular, given the relatively scarce discussion amongst specialists about the Eurocode (EC-2) and how perspectives about this situation will change in the future.—Hormigón y Acero, January - March 2012, Volume 63, Number 263Table of ContentsSection 1: General Rules for Bending, Placing and Lapping of Reinforcement Section 2: Constructive Details 1. Foundations 2. Walls 3. Columns and Joints 4. Walls Subjected to Axial Loads. Shear Walls and Cores 5. Beams and Lintels 6. Slabs 7. Flat Slabs 8. Stairs 9. Supports 10. Brackets 11. Pavements and Galleries 12. Cylindrical Chimneys, Towers and Hollow Piles 13. Rectangular Silos, Caissons and Hollow Piles 14. Reservoirs, Tanks and Swimming Pools 15. Special Details for Seismic Areas

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book Synopsis"When nature inspires our architecture-not just how it looks but how buildings and communities actually function-we will have made great strides as a society. Biophilic Design provides us with tremendous insight into the 'why,' then builds us a road map for what is sure to be the next great design journey of our times.Trade Review"Stephen Kellert, a social ecologist, has spent much of his career thinking and writing about biophilia, the innate human affinity for nature. Biophilic Design is an exploration of how we cut ourselves off from nature in the way we design the buildings and neighborhoods where we live and work. And it's an argument for re-connecting these spaces to the natural world, with plenty of windows, daylight, fresh air, plants and green spaces, natural materials, and decorative motifs from the natural world." (Yale Environment 360, December 2009) "…Kellert asserts that people "learn better, work more comfortably, and recuperate more successfully in buildings that echo the environment in which the human species evolved." He says there are a number of ways to improve worker productivity and retention and reduce absenteeism. The most basic step is to improve the availability of natural light. Kellert is analyzing the effect of biophilic design on office work productivity, absenteeism, number of sick days. Kellert believes there is a definite connection between biophilic spaces and improved productivity, and some studies point to a positive relationship." (dirt.asla.org, September 2009) "By applying biophilia to design, the editors and contributors hope to go beyond the standard green architecture goal of simply lowering the environmental impact of buildings. They hope to enhance the human relationship with nature through buildings believing, that one's affinity for light or water should be incorporated into the placement of windows. The book is divided into three parts. The first provides a theory of biophilic design and offers general guidelines. The second offers a more focused look at health issues and the role of nature. The third examines applied instances of biophilic design. Summing Up: Recommended" (Choice, September 2009) "These authors urge architects to do what they can to incorporate nature in the design of buildings." (GreenSource, April 2009) "Biophilic Design collects descriptions of current destructive practices, analyzes their roots in human nature, and offers low-cost, low-impact strategies for change." (Architecture Boston; Nov/Dec 2008) "Stephen Kellert's Biophilic Design…brings together biologists, ecologists, psychologists, architects, designers and city planners to probe the confluence of people, nature and design." (Miller-McCune.com, 7/14/08) "Make no mistake: Biophilic Design, all 400 pages of it, is one of the best design books of this decade." (New Urban News, April-May 2008)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Contributors Biographies. Preface (Stephen R. Kellert and Judith Heerwagen). Prologue: Afterword, years after (Hillary Brown). I. THE THEORY OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 1: Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design (Stephen Kellert). Chapter 2: The Nature of Human Nature (Edward O. Wilson). Chapter 3: A Good Place to Settle: Biomimicry, Biophilia, and the Return of Nature’s Inspiration to Architecture (Janine Benyus). Chapter 4: Water, Biophilic Design, and the Built Environment (Martin Mador). Chapter 5: Neuroscience, the Natural Environment, and Building Design (Nikos Salingaros and Kenneth Masden). II. THE SCIENCE AND BENEFITS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 6: Biophilic Theory and Research for Healthcare Design (Roger Ulrich). Chapter 7: Nature Contact and Human Health: Building the Evidence Base (Howard Frumkin). Chapter 8: Where Windows Become Doors (Vivian Loftness). Chapter 9: Restorative Environmental Design: What, When, Where, and for Whom (Terry Hartig, Tina Bringslimark ,and Grete Grindal Patil)? Chapter 10: Healthy Planet, Healthy Children: Designing Nature into the Daily Spaces of Childhood (Robin Moore and Clare Cooper Marcus). Chapter 11: Children and the Success of Biophilic Design (Richard Louv). Chapter 12: The Extinction of Natural Experience in the Built Environment (Robert Pyle and David Orr). III. THE PRACTICE OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 13: Biophilia and Sensory Aesthetics (Judith Heerwagen and Bert Gregory). Chapter 14: Evolving an Environmental Aesthetic (Stephen Kieran). Chapter 15: The Picture Window: the Problem of Viewing Nature through Glass (Kent Bloomer). Chapter 16: Biophilic Architectural Space (Grant Hildebrand). Chapter 17: Towards Biophilic Cities: Strategies for Integrating Nature into Urban Design (Tim Beatley). Chapter 18: Green Urbanism: Developing Restorative Urban Biophilia (Jonathan Rose). Chapter 19: The Greening of the Brain (Pliny Fisk). Chapter 20: Bringing Buildings to Life (Tom Bender). Chapter 21: Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature (Alex Wilson). Chapter 22: Transforming Building Practices through Biophilic Design (Jenifer Seal Cramer and William Browning). Chapter 23 Reflections on Implementing Biophilic Design (Robert Fox and Robert Berkebile).

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Book SynopsisDesign management as a recognised role in the built environment industry is relatively new, initially arising from the need for better co-ordination and delivery of design information from design teams to main contractors - particularly important as procurement routes involving contractor led design have become much more commonplace.Table of ContentsForeword by Paul Monaghan, Allford Hall Monaghan and Morris, Architects ix Preface – ‘My Why’ xi Acknowledgements xiii Note to the reader xv Abbreviations xvii 1 Introduction – the CIOB Design Manager’s Handbook 1 Context, scope, audience and structure 2 Process 19 Project context, processes, CDM, cost management 3 DMTCQ 59 The Design Management Benchmark, a framework model for Design Management based on Time, Cost and Quality 4 Tools 63 Generic tools to control design production and design development 5 Procurement 91 Main procurement routes, Employer’s Requirements/Contractor’s Proposals 6 Value and innovation 101 Value management, innovation and DM 7 People 111 Context, tsunamis, tribes and people 8 Training 123 Roles, skills, training 9 Quality 127 Urban and environmental context of design, quality, legacy 10 Stories 133 People, projects – some stories 11 Future 145 Context, external and internal factors, BIM, DM2050 Afterword 161 Addendum – October 2012 163 Appendices 165 A Lean Project Delivery – Alan Mossman, Glenn Ballard & Christine Pasquire 165 B The ‘ADePT’ methodology – Paul Waskett and Andrew Newton 191 C Choosing by Advantages – Alan Mossman 197 D Delivering value – A Guidance Note for Design Managers – Michael Graham 201 E Style, Behaviours & your ‘Leadership Moments’ – Saima Butt 209 F Educating the Design Manager of the future – Paula Bleanch 213 G Facilitating workshops – John Eynon 221 Bibliography/Resources/Further Reading 223 Index 229

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Book SynopsisKinematic wave modeling methods are gaining wide acceptance as a fast and accurate way of handling a wide range of water modeling problems. This book provides a thorough reference to the application of KW methods to such problems as the spatial representation of watersheds, overland flow routing, and channel flow routing.Table of ContentsWater Resources Modeling. Spatial Representation of Watersheds. HYDRAULIC PRELIMINARIES. Hydraulic Equations for Surface Flow. Linearization of Hydraulic Equations. Flow Resistance. WATER WAVES. Shallow Water Waves. Kinematic Wave Theory. Diffusion Wave Theory. Accuracy of Kinematic Wave and Diffusion Wave Theories. OVERLAND FLOW. St. Venant Equations for Flow Over A Plane. Diffusion Wave Modeling. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on A Plane: AnalyticSolutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on an Infiltrating Plane:Analytical Solutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on a Plane: NumericalSolutions. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on ConvergingSurfaces. Kinematic Wave Modeling of Overland Flow on DivergingSurfaces. Kinematic Shock. CHANNEL FLOW ROUTING. Dynamic Wave Modeling for Channel Flow Routing. Diffusion Wave Modeling for Channel Flow Routing. Kinematic Wave Flow Routing. Dam-Break Flood-Wave Routing. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis pioneering text provides a holistic approach to decision making in transportation project development and programming, which can help transportation professionals to optimize their investment choices.Trade Review"Sinha and Labi compile a vast reservoir of knowledge and technique that transportation decision makers might use to identify and evaluate these diverse impacts as part of the decision making process." (Journal of the American Planning Association, February 2009) ""I am not aware of any other book covering such a huge variety of practically relevant and qualitive models." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2008) "The book does justice to the richness of the broader topic of decision making, covering the specific areas you would expect and more. Overall, the book is an excellent resource…the book is well-written and organized." (Journal of Transportation Engineering; 12/07)Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Introductory Concepts in Transportation Decision Making 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Overall Transportation Program Development 1 1.1.1 Network-Level Planning 1 1.1.2 Project Development 2 1.1.3 Programming 2 1.1.4 Budgeting 2 1.1.5 Financial Planning 2 1.2 The Process of Transportation Project Development 2 1.2.1 PDP Steps 3 1.2.2 Federal Legislation That Affects Transportation Decision Making 5 1.3 Impacts of Transportation System Stimuli 6 1.3.1 Types of Transportation Stimuli 6 1.3.2 Impact Categories and Types 7 1.3.3 Dimensions of the Evaluation 9 1.4 Other Ways of Categorizing Transportation System Impacts 11 1.5 Role of Evaluation in PDP and Basic Elements of Evaluation 12 1.5.1 Role of Evaluation in PDP 12 1.5.2 Reasons for Evaluation 12 1.5.3 Measures of a Project’s Worth 12 1.6 Procedure for Transportation System Evaluation 13 1.6.1 Good Practices in Evaluation 18 Summary 18 Exercises 19 References 19 Chapter 2 Performance Measures in Transportation Evaluation 21 Introduction 21 2.1 Transportation System Goals, Objectives, and Performance Measures 21 2.2 Performance Measures at the Network and Project Levels 22 2.3 Properties of a Good Performance Measure 24 2.4 Dimensions of Performance Measures 25 2.5 Performance Measures Associated with Each Dimension 25 2.5.1 Overall Goals 25 2.5.2 System Objectives 26 2.5.3 Sector Concerns and Interests 29 2.5.4 Flow Entity (Passenger and Freight) 29 2.5.5 Type of Transportation Mode 29 2.5.6 Number of Transportation Modes Involved 30 2.5.7 Entity or Stakeholder Affected 32 2.5.8 Spatial Scope 33 2.5.9 Level of Agency Responsibility 33 2.5.10 Time Frame and Level of Refinement 33 2.6 Linking Agency Goals to Performance Measures: State of Practice 33 2.7 Benefits of Using Performance Measures 33 Summary 34 Exercises 34 References 35 Chapter 3 Estimating Transportation Demand 37 Introduction 37 3.1 Transportation Demand 37 3.1.1 Basic Concepts in Transportation Demand Estimation 37 3.1.2 Causes of Shifts in the Transportation Demand Curve 39 3.1.3 Categorization of Demand Estimation Models 39 3.1.4 Aggregate Methods for Project-Level Transportation Demand Estimation 39 3.2 Transportation Supply 48 3.2.1 Concept of Transportation Supply 48 3.2.2 Causes of Shifts in the Transportation Supply Curve 49 3.3 Equilibration and Dynamics of Transportation Demand and Supply 49 3.3.1 Demand–Supply Equilibration 49 3.3.2 Simultaneous Equation Bias in Demand–Supply Equilibration 49 3.3.3 Dynamics of Transportation Demand and Supply 50 3.4 Elasticities of Travel Demand 50 3.4.1 Classification of Elasticities by the Method of Computation 51 3.4.2 Classification of Elasticities by the Attribute Type 52 3.4.3 Classification of Elasticities by the Relative Direction of Response: Direct and Cross-Elasticities 52 3.4.4 Examples of Elasticity Values Used in Practice 53 3.4.5 Application of the Elasticity Concept: Demand Estimation 56 3.4.6 Consumer Surplus and Latent Demand 57 3.5 Emerging Issues in Transportation Demand Estimation 58 Summary 59 Exercises 59 References 61 Additional Resources 63 Chapter 4 Transportation Costs 65 Introduction 65 4.1 Classification of Transportation Costs 65 4.1.1 Classification by the Incurring Party 65 4.1.2 Classification by the Nature of Cost Variation with Output 65 4.1.3 Classification by the Expression of Unit Cost 66 4.1.4 Classification by Position in the Facility Life Cycle 69 4.1.5 Other Classifications of Transportation Costs 69 4.2 Transportation Agency Costs 69 4.2.1 Agency Costs over the Facility Life Cycle 70 4.2.2 Techniques for Estimating Agency Costs 70 4.2.3 Risk as an Element of Agency Cost 72 4.3 Transportation User Costs 72 4.3.1 User Cost Categories 72 4.3.2 Impacts of Demand Elasticity, Induced Demand, and Other Exogenous Changes on User Costs 73 4.4 General Structure and Behavior of Cost Functions 74 4.4.1 Components of a Transportation Cost Function 74 4.4.2 Economies and Diseconomies of Scale 75 4.5 Historical Cost Values and Models for Highway Transportation Systems 76 4.5.1 Highway Agency Cost Models 76 4.5.2 Transit Cost Values and Models 76 4.5.3 Relationships between Transit Operating Costs, System Size, Labor Requirements, and Technology 89 4.5.4 Air Transportation Costs 89 4.6 Issues in Transportation Cost Estimation 90 4.6.1 Aggregated Estimates for Planning vs. Detailed Engineering Estimates for Projects 90 4.6.2 Adjustments for Temporal and Spatial Variations (How to Update Costs) 90 4.6.3 Adjustments for Economies of Scale 91 4.6.4 Problem of Cost Overruns 92 4.6.5 Relative Weight of Agency and User Cost Unit Values 93 Summary 93 Exercises 94 References 94 Chapter 5 Travel-time Impacts 97 Introduction 97 5.1 Categorization of Travel Time 97 5.1.1 Trip Phase 97 5.1.2 Other Bases for Travel-Time Categorization 98 5.2 Procedure for Assessing Travel-Time Impacts 98 5.3 Issues Relating to Travel-Time Value Estimation 104 5.3.1 Conceptual Basis of Time Valuation 104 5.3.2 Factors Affecting the Travel-Time Value 104 5.3.3 Methods for Valuation of Travel Time 107 5.4 Concluding Remarks 115 Summary 115 Exercises 116 References 117 Additional Resources 118 Appendix A5.1: Estimation of Roadway Capacity Using the HCM Method (TRB, 2000) 118 Appendix A5.2: Estimation of Roadway Operating Speeds Using the HCM Method (TRB, 2000) 120 Appendix A5.3: Travel Times Used in World Bank Projects 123 Chapter 6 Evaluation of Safety Impacts 127 Introduction 127 6.1 Basic Definitions and Factors of Transportation Safety 128 6.1.1 Definition of a Crash 128 6.1.2 Transportation Crashes Classified by Severity 128 6.1.3 Categories of Factors Affecting Transportation Crashes 128 6.2 Procedure for Safety Impact Evaluation 131 6.3 Methods for Estimating Crash Reduction Factors 141 6.3.1 Before-and-After Studies 141 6.3.2 Cross-Sectional Studies 142 6.3.3 Comparison of the Before-and-After and Cross-Sectional Methods 143 6.3.4 Elasticity of Crash Frequency 143 6.4 Safety-Related Legislation 144 6.5 Software Packages for Safety Impact Evaluation of Transportation Investments 144 6.5.1 Interactive Highway Safety Design Model 144 6.5.2 Indiana’s Safety Management System 144 6.6 Considerations in Safety Impact Evaluation 144 Summary 145 Exercises 146 References 147 Additional Resources 148 Appendix A6: Crash Reduction and Accident Modification Factors 149 Chapter 7 Vehicle Operating Cost Impacts 157 Introduction 157 7.1 Components of Vehicle Operating Cost 157 7.1.1 Fuel 157 7.1.2 Shipping Inventory 157 7.1.3 Lubricating Oils for Mechanical Working of the Drivetrain 158 7.1.4 Preservation of the Vehicle–Guideway Contact Surface 158 7.1.5 Vehicle Repair and Maintenance 158 7.1.6 Depreciation 158 7.1.7 VOC Data Sources and Average National VOC Rates 158 7.2 Factors that Affect Vehicle Operating Cost 159 7.2.1 Vehicle Type 159 7.2.2 Fuel Type 160 7.2.3 Longitudinal Grade 161 7.2.4 Vehicle Speed 161 7.2.5 Delay 164 7.2.6 Speed Changes 166 7.2.7 Horizontal Curvature 166 7.2.8 Road Surface Condition 167 7.2.9 Other VOC Factors 169 7.3 Procedure for Assessing VOC Impacts 169 7.3.1 Steps for Assessing the Impacts 169 7.3.2 Implementation of Steps 4 to 6 Using the HERS Method 172 7.4 Special Case of VOC Estimation: Work Zones 176 7.5 Selected Software Packages that Include A VOC Estimation Component 176 7.5.1 AASHTO Method 176 7.5.2 HERS Package: National and State Versions 176 7.5.3 HDM-4 Road User Effects 176 7.5.4 Surface Transportation Efficiency Analysis Model 177 7.5.5 Other Models That Include a VOC Estimation Component 177 7.6 Comparison of VOC Estimation Methods and Software 177 7.6.1 Levels of Detail 177 7.6.2 Data Sources 177 Summary 178 Exercises 178 References 179 Additional Resources 180 Appendix A7.1: FHWA (2002) HERS Models for VOC Computation 180 Appendix A7.2: VOC Component Unit Costs 194 Appendix A7.3: Pavement Condition Adjustment Factors 194 Chapter 8 Economic Efficiency Impacts 197 Introduction 197 8.1 Interest Equations and Equivalencies 197 8.1.1 Cash Flow Illustrations 197 8.1.2 The Concept of Interest 197 8.1.3 Types of Compounding and Interest Rates 198 8.1.4 Interest Equations and Key Variables 199 8.1.5 Special Cases of Interest Equations 202 8.2 Criteria for Economic Efficiency Impact Evaluation 204 8.2.1 Present Worth of Costs 204 8.2.2 Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost 204 8.2.3 Equivalent Uniform Annual Return 204 8.2.4 Net Present Value 205 8.2.5 Internal Rate of Return 205 8.2.6 Benefit–Cost Ratio 205 8.2.7 Evaluation Methods Using Incremental Attributes 206 8.2.8 General Discussion of Economic Efficiency Criteria 207 8.3 Procedure for Economic Efficiency Analysis 207 8.4 Software Packages for Economic Efficiency Analysis 209 8.4.1 Surface Transportation Efficiency Analysis Model 209 8.4.2 MicroBenCost Model 209 8.4.3 Highway Development and Management Standards Model 210 8.4.4 Highway Economic Requirements system 210 8.4.5 California DOT’S Cal-B/C System 210 8.5 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 210 8.6 Case Study: Economic Efficiency Impact Evaluation 210 8.7 Final Comments on Economic Efficiency Analysis 212 Summary 213 Exercises 213 References 215 Additional Resources 216 Appendix A8 216 Chapter 9 Economic Development Impacts 229 Introduction 229 9.1 Economic Development Impact Types 229 9.1.1 Economic Development Impact Types 229 9.1.2 Economic Development Impact Mechanisms 230 9.1.3 Selection of Appropriate Measures of Economic Impact 230 9.2 Tools for Economic Development Impact Assessment 231 9.2.1 Surveys and Interviews 232 9.2.2 Market Studies 235 9.2.3 Comparative Analysis Tools: Case Studies 235 9.2.4 Economic Multiplier/Input–Output Models 237 9.2.5 Statistical Analysis Tools 239 9.2.6 Economic Simulation Models 240 9.3 Estimation of Long-term Regional Economic Development Impacts 241 9.4 Case Study: Economic Development Impact Assessment 244 Summary 246 Exercises 246 References 247 Additional Resources 249 Chapter 10 Air Quality Impacts 251 Introduction 251 10.1 Air Pollution Sources and Trends 251 10.1.1 Pollutant Types, Sources, and Trends 251 10.1.2 Categories of Air Pollution 254 10.2 Estimating Pollutant Emissions 254 10.2.1 Some Definitions 254 10.2.2 Factors Affecting Pollutant Emissions from Motor Vehicles 254 10.2.3 Approaches for Estimating Pollutant Emissions from Highways 256 10.2.4 Procedure for Estimating Highway Pollutant Emissions 258 10.2.5 Software for Estimating Pollutant Emissions 261 10.3 Estimating Pollutant Concentration 265 10.3.1 Factors Affecting Pollutant Dispersion 265 10.3.2 Pollutant Dispersion Models 266 10.3.3 Software for Estimating Pollutant Dispersion and Concentrations 270 10.4 Air Pollution from Other Modes 271 10.4.1 Air Transportation 271 10.4.2 Rail Transportation 273 10.4.3 Marine Transportation 273 10.4.4 Transit (Various Modes) 273 10.5 Monetary Costs of Air Pollution 274 10.5.1 Methods of Air Pollution Cost Estimation 274 10.5.2 Air Pollution Cost Values 275 10.6 Air Quality Standards 276 10.7 Mitigating Air Pollution from Transportation Sources 276 10.8 Air Quality Legislation and Regulations 277 10.8.1 National Legislation 277 10.8.2 Global Agreements 278 Summary 278 Exercises 278 References 279 Additional Resources 280 Appendix A10.1: Using MOBILE6 to Estimate Emissions 280 Appendix A10.2: Values of the Gaussian Distribution Function 284 Chapter 11 Noise Impacts 287 Introduction 287 11.1 Fundamental Concepts of Sound 287 11.1.1 General Characteristics 287 11.1.2 Addition of Sound Pressure Levels from Multiple Sources 288 11.2 Sources of Transportation Noise 290 11.3 Factors Affecting Transportation Noise Propagation 290 11.3.1 Nature of Source, Distance, and Ground Effects 291 11.3.2 Effect of Noise Barriers 292 11.4 Procedure for Estimating Noise Impacts for Highways 292 11.5 Application of the Procedure using the FHWA Model Equations 293 11.5.1 Reference Energy Mean Emission Level 295 11.5.2 Traffic Flow Adjustment 295 11.5.3 Distance Adjustment 295 11.5.4 Adjustment for Finite-Length Roadways 295 11.5.5 Shielding Adjustment 296 11.5.6 Combining Noises from Various Vehicle Classes 299 11.6 Application of the Procedure Using the Traffic Noise Model (TNM) Software Package 300 11.6.1 The Traffic Noise Model 300 11.7 Estimating Noise Impacts for Other Modes 301 11.7.1 Transit Noise and Vibration 301 11.7.2 Air Transportation 301 11.7.3 Rail Transportation 301 11.7.4 Marine Noise 303 11.7.5 General Guidelines for Noise Impact Evaluation of New Transportation Improvements 303 11.8 Mitigation of Transportation Noise 304 11.8.1 Noise Barrier Cost Estimates 305 11.9 Legislation and Regulations Related to Transportation Noise 306 Summary 308 Exercises 308 References 309 Additional Resources 310 Appendix A11: Noise Attenuation Charts by Barriers Defined by N 0 , φ L ,andφ R 310 Chapter 12 Impacts on Wetlands and other Ecosystems 313 Introduction 313 12.1 Basic Ecological Concepts 313 12.1.1 Concept of Ecosystems 313 12.1.2 Physical Base 314 12.1.3 Wetland Ecosystems 314 12.2 Mechanisms of Ecological Impacts 315 12.2.1 Direct vs. Indirect Mechanisms 315 12.2.2 Impact Mechanism by Species Type 315 12.3 Ecological Impacts of Activities at Various PDP Phases 315 12.3.1 Locational Planning and Preliminary Field Surveys 316 12.3.2 Transportation System Design 319 12.3.3 Construction 319 12.3.4 Operations 319 12.3.5 Maintenance 320 12.4 Performance Goals for Ecological Impact Assessments 320 12.4.1 Diversity of the Physical Base of the Ecosystem 320 12.4.2 State of Habitat Fragmentation 320 12.4.3 Significant Species and Habitats 321 12.4.4 Diversity of Species 321 12.4.5 Ecosystem Stability 321 12.4.6 Ecosystem Quality or Productivity 322 12.5 Procedure for Ecological Impact Assessment 322 12.6 Key Legislation 329 12.6.1 Endangered Species Act of 1973 329 12.6.2 Laws Related to Wetlands and Other Habitats 329 12.7 Mitigation of Ecological Impacts 329 12.7.1 Mitigation at Various Phases of the Project Development Process 331 12.8 Methods and Software Packages for Ecological Impact Assessment 332 12.8.1 Wetland Functional Analysis 332 12.8.2 Hydrogeomorphic Classification Method 333 12.8.3 Habitat Evaluation Procedures Software 334 Summary 334 Exercises 334 References 335 Additional Resources 336 Chapter 13 Impacts on Water Resources 337 Introduction 337 13.1 Categories of Hydrological Impacts 337 13.1.1 Source of Impacts 337 13.1.2 Impact Types 338 13.1.3 Water Source Affected 338 13.1.4 Transportation Mode and Activity 338 13.2 Hydrological Impacts by Transportation Mode 338 13.2.1 Highway Impacts 338 13.2.2 Railway Impacts 339 13.2.3 Air Transportation Impacts 339 13.2.4 Marine Transportation Impacts 341 13.3 Performance Measures for Hydrological Impact Assessment 341 13.3.1 Measures Related to Water Quantity and Flow Patterns 342 13.3.2 Measures Related to Water Quality 342 13.4 Procedure for Water Quality Impact Assessment 343 13.5 Methods for Predicting Impacts on Water Resources 345 13.5.1 Impacts on Water Quantity 345 13.5.2 Impacts on Water Quality 348 13.6 Mitigation of Water Resource Impacts 353 13.6.1 Mitigation Measures by Impact Criterion 353 13.6.2 Mitigation Measures by Nature of Water Source 353 13.6.3 Mitigation Measures by PDP Phase 354 13.6.4 Discussion of Mitigation 354 13.7 Water Quality Standards 354 13.8 Legislation Related to Water Resource Conservation 354 13.9 Software for Water Resources Impact Assessment 355 Summary 355 Exercises 356 References 357 Additional Resources 358 Chapter 14 Visual Impacts 359 Introduction 359 14.1 Principles of Visual Performance 359 14.1.1 General Principles 359 14.1.2 Performance Measures for Visual Performance Assessment 360 14.2 Factors Affecting Visual Performance and Impact Mechanisms 361 14.2.1 Factors 361 14.2.2 Impact Mechanisms 363 14.3 Procedure for Visual Impact Assessment 363 14.4 Legislation Related to Visual Impact 371 14.5 Mitigation of Poor Visual Performance of Existing Facilities 371 14.6 Visual Performance Enhancement: State of Practice 372 14.6.1 Context-Sensitive Design Practices 373 14.6.2 Policies and Guidelines for Visual Performance Preservation and Enhancement 373 14.6.3 Cost of Visual Performance Enhancements 375 Summary 375 Exercises 376 References 376 Additional Resources 377 Chapter 15 Impacts on Energy Use 379 Introduction 379 15.1 Factors that Affect Transportation Energy Consumption 381 15.1.1 Fuel Prices and Taxes 381 15.1.2 Fuel Economy Regulation 381 15.1.3 Vehicle Sales by Class 381 15.1.4 Vehicle Technology 381 15.1.5 Road Geometry 381 15.1.6 Transportation Intervention 382 15.1.7 Other Factors 383 15.2 Energy Intensity 383 15.3 Framework for Energy Impact Analysis 383 15.3.1 Direct Consumption 384 15.3.2 Indirect Consumption 384 15.4 Procedures for Estimating Energy Consumption 386 15.4.1 Macroscopic Assessment: Approach A 386 15.4.2 Project Screening Level Model: Approach B 388 15.4.3 Microscopic Simulation: Approach c 393 15.5 The National Energy Modeling System 397 15.6 Approaches to Energy Consumption Estimation–a Comparison 399 15.7 Energy and Transportation: What the Future Holds 399 Summary 400 Exercises 400 References 401 Additional Resources 401 Chapter 16 Land-use Impacts 403 Introduction 403 16.1 The Transportation–Land-Use Relationship 404 16.1.1 Land-Use Impacts on Transportation 404 16.1.2 Transportation Impacts on Land Use 406 16.1.3 Land-Use Impacts in terms of Monetary Costs 406 16.2 Tools for Analyzing Land-Use Changes 407 16.2.1 Qualitative Tools 408 16.2.2 Quantitative Tools 409 16.3 Procedure for Land-Use Impact Assessment 413 16.4 Case Studies: Land-Use Impact Assessment 419 16.4.1 Evansville-Indianapolis I-69 Highway Project 419 16.4.2 Light-Rail Transit Project 420 Summary 422 Exercises 422 References 423 Chapter 17 Social and Cultural Impacts 427 Introduction 427 17.1 Mechanisms of Transportation Impacts on the Social and Cultural Environments 428 17.1.1 Direct Impacts 428 17.1.2 Indirect Impacts 428 17.1.3 Cumulative Impacts 429 17.2 Target Facilities and Groups, and Performance Measures 429 17.2.1 Target Facilities and Groups 429 17.2.2 Performance Measures 429 17.2.3 The Issue of Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries 431 17.3 Equity and Environmental Justice Concerns 431 17.3.1 An Example of the Distribution of Project Costs and Benefits 434 17.4 Procedure for Social and Cultural Impact Assessment 435 17.5 Tools for Sociocultural Impact Assessment 439 17.5.1 Qualitative Tools 439 17.5.2 Quantitative Tools 441 17.6 Mitigation of Adverse Sociocultural Impacts 442 17.6.1 Sociocultural Impact Mitigation: State of Practice 442 17.7 Legislation Related to Sociocultural Impacts 443 Summary 444 Exercises 445 References 446 Additional Resources 447 Chapter 18 Evaluation of Transportation Projects and Programs Using Multiple Criteria 449 Introduction 449 18.1 Establishing Weights of Performance Criteria 449 18.1.1 Equal Weighting 449 18.1.2 Direct Weighting 450 18.1.3 Regression-Based Observer-Derived Weighting 450 18.1.4 Delphi Technique 451 18.1.5 Gamble Method 452 18.1.6 Pairwise Comparison of the Performance Criteria 453 18.1.7 Value Swinging Method 455 18.2 Scaling of Performance Criteria 456 18.2.1 Scaling Where Decision Making Is under Certainty 456 18.2.2 Scaling Where Decision Making Is under Risk 458 18.3 Combination of Performance Criteria 462 18.3.1 Combined Mathematical Functions of Value, Utility, or Cost-Effectiveness 462 18.3.2 Ranking and Rating Method 464 18.3.3 Maxmin Approach 465 18.3.4 Impact Index Method 466 18.3.5 Pairwise Comparison of Transportation Alternatives Using Ahp 467 18.3.6 Mathematical Programming 469 18.3.7 Pairwise Comparison of Alternatives Using the Outranking Method 472 18.4 Case Study: Evaluating Alternative Projects for a Transportation Corridor Using Multiple Criteria 473 18.5 General Considerations of Risk and Uncertainty in Evaluation 475 18.5.1 The Case of Certainty: Using Sensitivity Analysis 475 18.5.2 The Case of Objective Risk: Using Probability Distributions and Simulation 476 18.5.3 The Case of Uncertainty 477 Summary 479 Exercises 479 References 481 Additional Resources 481 Chapter 19 Use of Geographical and other Information Systems 483 Introduction 483 19.1 Hardware for Information Management 483 19.2 Software and Other Tools for Information Management 483 19.2.1 Non-GIS Relational Database Management Systems 483 19.2.2 Geographical Information Systems 484 19.2.3 Internet GIS 486 19.2.4 Video Log Information Management Systems 487 19.3 GIS Applications in Transportation Systems Evaluation 487 19.3.1 Query, Display, and Visualization of Initial Data 488 19.3.2 Buffer Analysis 488 19.3.3 Overlay Analysis 489 19.3.4 Analysis of Transportation Operations 489 19.3.5 Public Input in Transportation System Evaluation 489 19.3.6 Multicriteria Decision Making 490 19.4 Existing Databases and Information Systems 490 19.4.1 Information Systems and Data Items Available by Transportation Mode 490 19.4.2 General Databases Useful for Transportation Systems Evaluation 494 19.5 GIS-Based Software Packages for Information Management 495 Summary 495 Exercises 496 References 496 Chapter 20 Transportation Programming 497 Introduction 497 20.1 Roles of Programming 497 20.1.1 Optimal Investment Decisions 498 20.1.2 Trade-off Considerations 498 20.1.3 Linkage to Budgeting 498 20.1.4 Efficiency in Program and Project Delivery 498 20.1.5 Monitoring and Feedback 498 20.2 Procedure for Programming Transportation Projects 499 20.3 Programming Tools 504 20.3.1 Priority Setting 504 20.3.2 Heuristic Optimization 506 20.3.3 Mathematical Programming 506 20.4 Case Studies: Transportation Programming 512 20.4.1 Programming Process at a State Transportation Agency 513 20.4.2 Programming Process at a Metropolitan Area Level 515 20.5 Keys to Successful Programming and Implementation 518 20.5.1 Link between Planning and Programming 518 20.5.2 Uncertainties Affecting Transportation Programming 519 20.5.3 Intergovernmental Relationships 519 20.5.4 Equity Issues in Programming 519 Summary 520 Exercises 520 References 522 Additional Resources 523 General Appendix 1: Cost Indices 525 General Appendix 2: Performance Measures 527 Index 537

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Book SynopsisThe principles and concepts for unsaturated soils are developed as extensions of saturated soils. Addresses problems where soils have a matric suction or where pore--water pressure is negative. Covers theory, measurement and use of the fundamental properties of unsaturated soils----permeability, shear strength and volume change.Trade Review"I expect that "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics inEngineering Practice" will remain an essential reference foreducators, researchers and practitioners for a long time tocome." (Geotechnical News, 1 December 2012)Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Unsaturated Soil Mechanics 1 Chapter 2 Phase Properties and Relations 20 Chapter 3 Stress State Variables 38Chapter 4 Measurements of Soil Suction 64 Chapter 5 Flow Laws 107 Chapter 6 Measurement of Permeability 124 Chapter 7 Steady-State Flow 150 Chapter 8 Pore Pressure Parameters 178 Chapter 9 Shear Strength Theory 217 Chapter 10 Measurement of Shear Strength Parameters 260 Chapter 11 Plastic and Limit Equilibrium 297 Chapter 12 Volume Change Theory 346 Chapter 13 Measurements of Volume Change Indices 374 Chapter 14 Volume Change Predictions 397 Chapter 15 One-Dimensional Consolidation and Swelling 419 Chapter 16 Two- and Three-Dimensional Unsteady-State Flow and Nonisothermal Analyses 440 Appendix A Units and Symbols 479 Appendix B Theoretical Justification for Stress State Variables 483 References 490 About the Authors 508 Index 510

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Book SynopsisThis manual, a companion to the book Reinforced Concrete, also by Ray, covers the design of structural steelwork elements in a logical, step-by-step fashion. The text is backed up by numerous illustrations, design charts and tables, and refers throughout to the relevant codes of practice. A large number of worked examples cover almost all types of structural steelwork elements, including more advanced techniquesTable of ContentsStrength of materials; Theory of structures; Analysis of structures: worked examples; Design of structures; Design of struts; Design of ties; Design of composite beams and columns; Connections in steelwork; Corrosion protection; Material properties.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an introductory text for students in built environment disciplines, as well as those who manage or own historic properties, and those embarking upon architectural conservation professionally. It is designed to give an understanding of the main principles, materials and problems in the field of conservation and it features a number of case studies.Trade Review"This is a sound introductory basis for those embarking on the study of architectural conservation and can be recommended to anyone thinking of joining the profession." (Journal of Architectural Conservation, November 2008) "Outlines the importance of architectural conservation on our society." (UK Construction) Table of ContentsPreface Part I Theory and Principles 1 Introduction 3 What is architectural conservation? 3 Why conserve? 3 Architectural conservation 5 Conservation as a profession 6 Professional roles in building conservation 7 Craft skills 10 Studies in building conservation 10 Professional accreditation 11 Working internationally 11 Structure of the book 12 2 International and historic context of conservation 15 Historic context 16 The symbolic and nostalgic connotations of historic monuments 16 ‘Restoration’ in the nineteenth century 17 The search for authenticity 17 Conservation in the twentieth century 20 Built heritage as a symbol of national identity 20 International conservation charters 21 The non-Western perspective 23 The urban conservation movement 25 UNESCO and the World Heritage Convention 26 Shifting emphases 28 Conservation-led regeneration 29 The industrial heritage 29 The legacy of the twentieth century 31 Cultural landscapes 32 Intangible heritage 33 Integrated approaches 35 Summary and conclusion 35 3 Theoretical framework and conservation principles 37 Values and definitions 38 A values-based approach 38 Terms and definitions 46 Principles, philosophy and guidance 50 Ethics in conservation 51 Principles 52 Summary and conclusion 63 4 Legislation, Policy and Guidance 66 Decision making in conservation 67 International level 67 National level 68 Local level 69 Non-governmental organisations and amenity societies 71 The private sector and property owners 72 Public participation 73 Statutory protection 74 Archaeological sites and ancient monuments 75 Monuments and buildings of architectural and historic significance 76 Area-based designation (conservation areas) 81 Historic gardens and landscapes 84 Other forms of control and legislation that impact on historic buildings 86 Summary and conclusion 87 Part II Principles Into Practice 5 Managing conservation 91 Survey and analysis 91 Understanding 91 Research 94 Survey 95 Specialist investigations 96 Information management 97 Making and evaluating proposals 98 Conservation management plans 98 Impact assessment 100 Project implementation 102 Financing conservation 102 Construction contracts for conservation 103 Implementation on site 104 Managing historic properties 105 Maintenance planning 105 Risk assessment and preparedness 108 Access management 108 Summary and conclusion 110 6 Causes of decay, environmental services and structures in conservation 112 Causes of decay 112 Climatic causes 113 Biological and botanical causes 115 Natural disasters 115 Human beings 118 Managing environmental conditions in historic buildings 120 Designing for and locating services in historic buildings 122 Heating and cooling 123 Improving environmental performance 125 Lighting historic buildings 125 Fire protection 128 Structural conservation 130 Structural failure 130 Understanding and analysing structures 131 Repair and conservation of historic structures 133 Summary and conclusion 135 7 Conservation of materials 137 Earth structures 139 Building in earth 139 Causes of decay and failure 141 Principles and techniques of repair 142 Thatch 143 Thatching 143 Causes of decay 144 Principles and techniques of repair 144 Timber 145 Building with timber 145 Causes of decay and failure 148 Principles and techniques of repair 149 Stone 152 Building with stone 152 Causes of decay and deterioration 154 Principles and techniques of repair 155 Bricks and clay roof tiles 159 Building in brick 159 Causes of decay and failure 160 Principles and techniques of repair 160 Tiles, faience and terracotta 163 Tiles, faience and terracotta on buildings 163 Causes of decay and failure 165 Principles and techniques of repair 166 Structural metals 166 Structural use of metals in buildings 166 Causes of decay and failure 168 Principles and techniques of repair 169 Sheet metals 169 Sheet metals in buildings 169 Causes of decay and failure 169 Principles and techniques of repair 170 Glass 172 Renders, plasters and mortars 172 Renders, plasters and mortars in building 172 Causes of decay and failure 174 Principles and techniques of repair 174 Concrete 175 Building in concrete 175 Causes of decay and failure 175 Principles and techniques of repair 175 Plastics and resins 176 Finishes 177 Materials used for coatings and finishes 177 Principles and techniques of conservation 178 Cleaning surfaces 181 Summary and conclusion 182 8 Regeneration, reuse and design in the historic environment 185 Urban regeneration 185 Conservation-led regeneration 185 Urban conservation 187 Economic viability 191 Adaptive reuse 194 Design in the historic environment 197 The context of townscape 197 Architectural interventions 198 Summary and conclusion 206 Conclusion 208 Glossary 211 Bibliography 215 Index 221

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the appropriateness of procurement strategies in certain situations. It argues that organisations should develop strategically aligned supply chains to deliver predictable and sustained performance improvements and asserts that the assumption that one approach is appropriate to manage all cirumstances is flawed.It provides a framework to help organisations develop segmented approaches in the management of their construction supply chains built on ''fit-for-purpose'' relationships. Flowing from this, the appropriateness of operational tools and techniques to effectively manage the critical processes in supply relationship management are also analysed.TTable of ContentsIntroduction: on the appropriateness of Strategy and Operational Practice in Construction Procurement Section A: The UK Construction Industry in Context Section B: Better practice Case Studies in the Effective Management of Construction Procurement Section C: Better Practice Operational Tools and Techniques for Effective Construction Procurement Section D: Towards a Theoretical and Practical Synthesis

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Book SynopsisInitial Professional Development for Civil Engineers provides a core foundation of information on skills, knowledge and understanding, on which the development of every professional civil engineer, and their preparation for professional reviews, is based.

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Book SynopsisBasic Water Treatment is an essential resource for water engineers at all levels - a textbook for students, a handbook for engineers or chemists who are new to the industry, and an indispensable guide full of updated practical information for the established practitioner.

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Book SynopsisThis special issue of Civil Engineering is about programme managing the GBP14.8 billion Crossrail project to deliver the new east-west Elizabeth line railway across London. Jointly published by the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Association of Project Management, it is part of an initiative by the delivery team to share its experiences and learnings for the benefit of the industry and future projects.

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Book SynopsisNEC4: Defined Cost and Compensation Events explains how to manage compensation events, and the wider role that Defined Cost has within the NEC contract.

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Book SynopsisWaste is one of the planet's last great resource frontiers. From furniture made from up-cycled wood to gold extracted from computer circuit boards, artisans and multinational corporations alike are finding ways to profit from waste while diverting materials from overcrowded landfills.Yet beyond these benefits, this new resource still poses serious risks to human health and the environment. In this unique book, Kate O'Neill traces the emergence of the global political economy of wastes over the past two decades.She explains how the emergence of waste governance initiatives and mechanisms can help us deal with both the risks and the opportunities associated with the hundreds of millions possibly billions of tons of waste we generate each year.Drawing on a range of fascinating case studies to develop her arguments, including China's role as the primary recipient of recyclable plastics and scrap paper from the Western world, Zero-Waste initiatives, the emergence of transnational waste-pickers' alliances, and alternatives for managing growing volumes of electronic and food wastes, O'Neill shows how waste can be a risk, a resource, and even a livelihood, with implications for governance atlocal, national, and global levels.Trade Review“Kate O'Neill's latest work takes us on an eye-popping journey through rich case studies of wastes and their movement around the planet.”Josh Lepawsky, Memorial University of Newfoundland “A marvelously crafted and grippingly written book about one of the most pressing challenges facing our planet. The sooner you read it, the more you will learn about the ways in which we systematically fail to use so much of what we extract and how governments, businesses, and individuals can turn to this expanding ‘global resource frontier’ to reduce our impact.”Ben Cashore, Yale University "In this important book, Kate O’Neill expertly traces the complex international trade flows behind the prodigious volumes of waste generated by global consumer society. A valuable and illuminating contribution to current debates about if and how we make the shift to more sustainable lifestyles."Maurie Cohen, New Jersey Institute of Technology Table of ContentsFigures and Tables List of Acronyms Preface and Acknowledgements Chapter 1: The Global Political Economy of Waste Chapter 2: Understanding Wastes Chapter 3: Waste Work Chapter 4: Discarded Electronics Chapter 5: Food Waste Chapter 6: Plastic Scrap Conclusion: A World without Waste? Notes Selected Readings References

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Book SynopsisAn engineer's personal take on what it's like to be a civil engineer in the 21st century - the life, the practice, the profession. This work covers aspects ranging from discussions of suburban sprawl, bridge aesthetics, and the engineering body of knowledge to comical accounts of packrat habits, quacking moments, and engineering fashion.

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Book SynopsisEvolving from more than 30 years of research and teaching experience, Principles of Solid Mechanics offers an in-depth treatment of the application of the full-range theory of deformable solids for analysis and design. Unlike other texts, it is not either a civil or mechanical engineering text, but both. It treats not only analysis but incorporates design along with experimental observation. Principles of Solid Mechanics serves as a core course textbook for advanced seniors and first-year graduate students. The author focuses on basic concepts and applications, simple yet unsolved problems, inverse strategies for optimum design, unanswered questions, and unresolved paradoxes to intrigue students and encourage further study. He includes plastic as well as elastic behavior in terms of a unified field theory and discusses the properties of field equations and requirements on boundary conditions crucial for understanding the limits of numerical modeling.Designed to help Table of ContentsIntroduction: Types of Linearity. Displacement Fields. Strain and Stress. Stress-Strain Relationships. Strategies for Elastic Analysis and Design. Linear Free Fields. 2D Solutions for Straight and Circular Beams. Ring, Holes and Inverse Problems. Wedges; the Half-Space and Related Problems. Torsion. Some 3D Solutions. One-Dimensional Plasticity for Design. Slip-Line Analysis. Summary - Elasto-Plastic Design of Bearing Plates.

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Book SynopsisAn innovative concept, smart structural systems have proven to be extremely effective in absorbing damaging energy and/or counteracting potentially devastating force, thus limiting structural collapse and subsequent injury. As this technology rapidly evolves, there is an ever-increasing need for an authoritative reference that will allow those in the field to stay abreast of the very latest advances.Smart Structures: Innovative Systems for Seismic Response organizes current research and technology to provide researchers and practicing engineers, as well as advanced students, with the means to learn about and apply the very latest smart structure innovations. Key features includeâ Complete mathematical formulations and numerical procedures for topics presentedNew technologiesDesign guidelines and examples based on current official codesConsideration of smart structures on a variety of foundationsDiscussion of the use of smart Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. About the Authors. Basic Concept of Smart Structure Systems. Base Isolation Systems. Damping Systems. Smart Seismic Structures Using Active Control Systems. Smart Seismic Structures Using Semiactive and Hybrid Control Systems.Sensing and Data Acquisition Systems for Smart Seismic Structures. Optimal Device Placement for Smart Seismic Structures. Active Control Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. Active Control Considering Soil-Structure Interaction. Hybrid Control of Structures on Shallow Foundation with Existing and Generated Earthquakes. Appendix A: MATLAB. Appendix B: Green’s Function. Appendix C: Element Stiffness and Mass Coefficients.

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Book SynopsisThe built environment has been digitizing rapidly and is now transforming into a physical world that is at all times supplemented by a fully web-supported and interconnected digital version, often referred to as Digital Twin. This book shows how diverse data models and web technologies can be created and used for the built environment. Key features of this book are its technical nature and technical detail. The first part of the book highlights a large diversity of IT techniques and their use in the AEC domain, from JSON to XML to EXPRESS to RDF/OWL, for modelling geometry, products, properties, sensor and energy data. The second part of the book focuses on diverse software solutions and approaches, including digital twins, federated data storage on the web, IoT, cloud computing, and smart cities. Key research and strategic development opportunities are comprehensively discussed for distributed web-based building data management, IoT integration and cloud computing. This book aims to serve as a guide and reference for experts and professionals in AEC computing and digital construction including Master's students, PhD researchers, and junior to senior IT-oriented AEC professionals.

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Book SynopsisHospital service areas (HSAs) and hospital referral regions (HRRs) are considered more appropriate units than geopolitical units for analyzing the performance of health care markets and policy implementation. GIS Automated Delineation of Hospital Service Areas represents the state-of-the-art approach in delineating HSAs and HRRs by using GIS-automated processes. It provides the best practices for defining such areas scientifically, in a geographically accurate manner, and without a steep learning curve. This book is intended to mainly serve professionals in geography, urban and regional planning, public health, and related fields. It is also useful for scholars in the above fields who have research interests related to GIS and spatial analysis applications in health care. It can be used as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in courses related to GIS and public health.Features: Introduces innovative state-of-the-art methods for delineation of HSAs (Dartmouth method, Huff model, network community detection methods) Provides best practices and one-stop solution for related data processing tasks (e.g., distance and travel time estimation, identifying the best-fitting distance decay function) Automates the methods in ArcGIS Pro toolkits Includes free ready-to-download GIS tools and sample data available on authorsâ website Presents a methodology that is applicable to delineation of other service areas, catchment areas or functional regions for business analysis, planning, and public policy studies

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Book SynopsisAdvanced Technologies for Solid, Liquid, and Gas Waste Treatment presents the potential of using advanced and emerging technologies to effectively treat waste. This book uniquely addresses treatment techniques for waste in all three phases, solid, liquid, and gas, with the goals of mitigating negative impacts of waste and producing valued-added products, such as biogas and fertilizer, as well as the use of artificial intelligence in the field. Covers a wide range of advanced and emerging treatment technologies such as photocatalysis processing, adsorptive membranes, pyrolysis, advanced oxidation process, electrocoagulation, composting technologies, etc. Addresses issues associated with wastes in different phases. Discusses the pros and cons of treatment technologies for handling different wastes produced by different industrial processes, such as agricultural biomass, industrial/domestic solid wastes, wastewater, and hazardous gas. IncTable of ContentsChapter 1 Composting of Food Wastes for Soil Amendment. Chapter 2 Integrated Management of Electronic and Electric Waste(EEW) with the Application of Articial Intelligence (AI): Future and Challenges. Chapter 3 Thermal Conversion of Solid Waste via Pyrolysis to Produce Bio-Oil, Biochar and Syngas. Chapter 4 Waste Tyre Recycling: Processes and Technologies. Chapter 5 Electrochemical Removal of Organic Compounds from Municipal Wastewater. Chapter 6 Photocatalytic Membrane for Emerging Pollutants Treatment. Chapter 7 Membrane and Advanced Oxidation Processes for Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products Removal. Chapter 8 Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment. Chapter 9 Integration of Advanced Oxidation Processes as Pre-Treatment for Anaerobically Digested Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Chapter 10 Electrocoagulation and Its Application in Food Wastewater Treatment. Chapter 11 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) on the Removal of Different Per- and Poly-uoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Types in Wastewater. Chapter 12 Photocatalysis for Oil Water Treatment. Chapter 13 Integrated Treatment Process for Industrial Gas Effluent. Chapter 14 De-NOx SCR: Catalysts and Process Designs in the Automotive Industry. Chapter 15 Advanced Technology for Cleanup of Syngas Produced from Pyrolysis/Gasication Processes.

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Book SynopsisEnteric pathogenic viruses are a major challenge in public health, as they represent a major concern with a severe global impact to the economy, commerce, and health systems. Consequently, their active monitoring can allow preventive surveillance and the discovery of new viruses, exemplifying an important epidemiological and health control tool.In an unprecedented way, this book addresses the general characteristics of enteric viruses and their environmental transmission, with a particular emphasis on their structures, stability, routes of transmission and the use of bioindicators for epidemiological monitoring and control. In addition, this book will also address the recent developments for viral concentration and detection in environmental and food samples and the challenges for the control of environmental and food viruses to reduce microbiological risk for final consumers.

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Book SynopsisIn the age of global climate change, society will require cities that are environmentally self-sufficient, able to withstand various environmental problems and recover quickly. It is interesting to note that many smart solutions for cities are leading to an unsustainable future, including further electrification, an increased dependence on the Internet, Internet of Things, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence, and basically any technology that leads us to consume more electricity. This book examines critical topics in Smart Cities such as true sustainability and the resilience required for all cities. It explores sustainability issues in agriculture and the role of agri-technology for a sustainable future, including a city's ability to locally produce food for its residents. Features: Discusses safety, security, data management, and privacy issues in Smart Cities Examines the various emerging forms of transportation infrastructure and new vehiTable of ContentsPart I: Smart Urban Development, Sustainability and Resilience. Chapter 1. Sustainable Urbanization: Why We Have to Change: Toward Justice and Lifestyles That Respect the Planet and Its Inhabitants. Chapter 2. The Interaction Between Resilience and Intelligence of Cities. Part II: Food Security and Smart Urban Agriculture. Chapter 3. Nurturing Clever Cities: The Intersection Between Urban Agriculture and Smart Technologies. Chapter 4. Sustainable Food: The Role of Digital Agritechnology. Part III: Smart City, Built Environment and Data Privacy. Chapter 5. Is This Architecture Sustainable? Operational Energy Efficiency and The Pursuit of Behavioral Change Through Building Operation. Chapter 6. Alphabet is Here to ‘Fix’ Toronto: Algorithmic Governance in Sidewalk Labs’ Smart City. Chapter 7. Future Transport and Logistics in Smart Cities: Safety and Privacy.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles proven strategies and information on civil engineering education and the skills necessary for successful practice of civil engineering such as critical thinking, design thinking, leadership, and communication skills. It also addresses other relevant topics including professional ethics, global perspectives, assessment, recruitment, retention, and more. It is designed so that each chapter can be used separately or in combination with other chapters to help enhance and foster student learning as well as development of skills required for engineering practice.Features Includes overviews of successful academic approaches for each topic including implementation examples in every chapter Explains how assessment and the resulting data can be used for holistic evaluation and improvement of student learning Addresses the complexities of moral and professional ethics in engineering H

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Book SynopsisAccessibility is a core quality of digital products to be deliberately addressed throughout the development lifecycle. What Every Engineer Should Know About Digital Accessibility will prepare readers to integrate digital accessibility into their engineering practices. Readers will learn how to accurately frame accessibility as an engineering challenge so they are able to address the correct problems in the correct way.Illustrated with diverse perspectives from accessibility practitioners and advocates, this book describes how people with disabilities use technology, the nature of accessibility barriers in the digital world, and the role of engineers in breaking down those barriers. Accessibility competence for current, emerging, and future technologies is addressed through a combination of guiding principles, core attributes and requirements, and accessibilityâinformed engineering practices.FEATURES Discusses how technology can support inclusi

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Book SynopsisAt present, both Industry 4.0 and industrial engineering management developments are reshaping the industrial sector worldwide. Industry 4.0 and sustainability are considered as the crucial emerging trends in industrial production systems. The resulting transformations are changing production modes from traditional to digital, intelligent, and decentralized. It is expected that Industry 4.0 will help drive sustainability in industries thanks to the implementation of advanced technology and a move towards social sustainability. This book reflects on the consequences of the transition to Industry 4.0 for climate change. The book presents a systemic overview of the current negative impacts of digitization on the environment and showcases a new outline of the energy domain and expected changes in environmental pollution levels under Industry 4.0. It also analyzes the ecological consequences of the growth and development of Industry 4.0 and considers Industry 4.0 as an alternativeTable of Contents1 Optimization of milling machine parameters by using Artificial Neural Network model; 2 Facility layout optimization: Continuous improvement; 3 Multi-criteria decision analysis applications and trends in manufacturing domain; 4 To implement Six Sigma to minimize defects in the manufacturing of draft gear of railway wagon; 5 Changeover time reduction through SMED approach: Case study of an Indian steel processing centre; 6 SWOT analysis – on maintenance frameworks for SMEs; 7 Development of maintenance framework for SMEs by an ISM approach; 8 Multi-objective parametric optimization of wire electric discharge machining for Die Hard Steels using supervised machine learning techniques; 9 Investigation of dragline productivity; 10 Lean administration in the Order-to-Cash process; 11 Modelling and analysis of Lean Six Sigma framework along with its environmental impact on the business process: A review; 12 Optimum order allocation in a multi-supplier environment using linear programming model: Case study on heavy industry in India; 13 Formulation of an optimal ordering policy with quadratic demand: Weibull distribution deterioration and partial backlogging; 14 An optimal replenishment policy with exponential declining demand: Weibull distribution deterioration and partial backlogging; 15 Smart materials advancements, applications and challenges in the shift to Industry 4.0; 16 Virtual Try On: A study on the changing dimensions of jewellery retailing through augmented reality; 17 Analysis of the barriers of blockchain adoption in Land Record System; 18 The concept of Industry 4.0: Role of ergonomics and Human Factors; 19 Carbon Nanotubes as an advanced coating material for cutting tool in sustainable production in Industry 4.0; 20 Integrating AI with Green Manufacturing for process industry; 21 Sustainable recycling methods for different types of eco-friendly cutting fluids and their characteristics: An impetus for circular economy; 22 Sustainable automobiles: Major obstacles on the path of electrifying mobility in India, existing barriers and challenges; 23 Development of heuristic DSS for supply chain architecture

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Book SynopsisThis book set provides a new, global, updated, thorough, clear, and practical risk-based approach to tunnelling design and construction methods, and discusses detailed examples of solutions applied to relevant case histories. It is organized in three sequential and integrated volumes: Volume 1: Concept Basic Principles of Design Volume 2: Construction Methods, Equipment, Tools and Materials Volume 3: Case Histories and Best Practices The book covers all aspects of tunnelling, giving useful and practical information about design (Vol. 1), construction (Vol. 2), and best practices (Vol. 3). It provides the following features and benefits: updated vision on tunnelling design, tools, materials, and construction balanced mix of theory, technology, and applied experience different and harmonized points of view from academics, professionals, and contractorsTable of Contents1. Introduction: excavation techniques for conventional and full-face mechanised tunnelling. Reasons for the choice and differences 2. Construction methods 3. Support technology 4. Auxiliary methods technology: ground reinforcing, ground improving and pre-support technology 5. Monitoring 6. Plants and job site organization 7. Tunnel refurbishment

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Book SynopsisThe field of electromagnetic sensitivity is the new epidemic of the 21st century, and can cause disease of the automatic nerve system in any part of the body. This is as a result of chemical sensitivity, in which over 80,000 chemicals are involved, resulting in innumerable combinations. A cursory understanding of the combinations can help clinicians partially understand the associated problems and thus help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities. But a basic understanding of environmentally induced illness and healing must first be understood by the clinicians before diseases occur such as cardiac arrhythmia, muscle spasms, and nerve pain. Key Features:Describes how an understanding of the vast combinations of electrical and chemical sensitivities will help in the diagnosis and treatment of electromagnetic sensitivities Reveals the complexity and multi-faceted presentation often seen in chemical sensitivity and chronic degenerative diTable of ContentsEMF Effects from Power Sources and Fixed Specialized Equipment; Electro Smog (Dirty Electricity) from Communication Equipment.

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Book SynopsisThis book traces developments in design education in India and shows the continuing impact of the Bauhaus School of design education, which formed the basis of the National Institute of Design. It presents the findings of the author's research and experiential learning as a design educator over a 25-year period.This book argues that as the effects of climate change and the exploitation of natural and human resources become more pervasive, it has become increasingly important to ensure that the values of social responsibility are instilled into the design students who will become future practitioners. This book offers an alternative model of understanding regarding the ecosystem of design and sustainable design education. Going beyond description and analysis, it includes three case studies of adoptable design curricula created by the author, with student responses to the programmes to provide first-hand insights into their impact. Research findings are based on detailed interviews with contemporary faculty members, all experts in the various design disciplines, along with an in-depth survey of existing design programmes in India.Design Education in India encourages a paradigm shift in thinking about the environment, spaces and places. It offers a unique perspective on the status of design education in an important and fast-growing economy and will be a useful read for design educators and researchers in varied disciplines.

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Book SynopsisImmunocompromised persons are more vulnerable than the general population to contaminants in drinking water and include persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, cancer survivors, transplant recipients, individuals with HIV/AIDS or other immune disorders, some elderly, infants, and pregnant mothers. Safe Drinking Water for the Immunocompromised provides information about safe drinking water choices for the immunocompromised community, pregnant mothers, and the medical professionals from whom they seek advice. The book serves as a primer on drinking water regulations, water chemistry, as well as the terminology used to describe water contaminants, and includes a glossary that explains the terms and concepts in a straightforward manner. Offers a science-based rationale for the acceptable level of a contaminant and sources of drinking water that meet or exceed these levels. Presents and explains numerous contaminants of concern found in water. Explains th

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to be the preeminent university chemistry textbook for environmental engineers. It provides undergraduate and graduate environmental engineering students with basic concepts and practical knowledge about chemistry that they would need in their professional careers. It focuses on the fundamental concepts of chemistry and its practical applications (e.g., understanding fate and transport of chemicals/pollutants in the environmental as well as the chemical/physicochemical processes applied in environmental engineering industry). This book also serves as a valuable resource for entry-level professionals to solidify their fundamental knowledge in environmental engineering chemistry. This book Presents the fundamentals of chemistry with focus on the needs of environmental engineers. Explains how an understanding of chemistry allows readers a better understanding of the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment as well as various treatment processes. Examines the fundamentals of chemical reaction equilibrium from learning the basics of thermodynamics. Presents the basic types and designs of reactors as well as reaction kinetics.

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Book SynopsisThis book combines intersectional perspectives and urban research to demonstrate the importance of intersectionality as a concept that can complement âœrefigurationalâ understandings of social change as the outcome of spatial conflicts. Showing how intersectionality enables us to grasp the intersecting categories of inequality in these spatial tensions, it remains attentive to the role of social difference and power in these processes, as well as to modes of normativity and resistance. With case studies gathered from a range of national contexts, it provides rich empirical insights into the relationship between urban spatialities, power dynamics, and embodied social inequalities, addressing the manner in which different conflicts are made manifest intersectionally in and through situated urban spaces. The chapters consider issues such as the gendering and racialization of urban spaces; urban marginality and environmental pressures; intersectional power dynamics in research; heteronormative and cisgender- centric structures in the city; aging in the city; young people, control, and insecurity; police violence; migrant emplacement and activism; racialized gentrification and commoning, and pandemic safety and protest, to explore the uneven outcomes of spatial planning and urban development. As such, it draws attention to the interplay of various forces in the production of exclusion and injustice and will therefore appeal to scholars of sociology, geography, and urban studies with interests in inequality, social change, and resistance to exclusion.

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Book SynopsisThis book is an inspiring exploration of SÃlheimar Ecovillage in Iceland, a pioneering community that embodies sustainability, social responsibility, and inclusivity.Cohousing expert, Charles Durrett delves into the unique aspects of this ecovillage, about 100 residents, 45 of those include those with developmental and intellectual disabilities, live and thrive alongside neighbors in a safe and enriching environment. Through rich storytelling and detailed first-person accounts, the book highlights the importance of creating communities that celebrate and support neurodiversity. Durrett presents SÃlheimar as a model for how we can build neuro-inclusive spaces that respect and uplift every individualâs potential, fostering a sense of belonging and purpose. The book offers practical insights into the design, the principles and the practices that make SÃlheimar a standout community for inclusive living. It challenges readers to rethink conventional approaches, advocating for environments where all people, regardless of their cognitive differences, can live meaningful and fulfilling lives. Durrett also presents case studies of 4 other neuro-inclusive communities including Hertha Levefallesskab, WeBUILT (We Build Unique Independent Lives Together), Creative Living Community of CT, and LâArche International Movement. With its focus on real-world solutions and its call to action, this book is both a guide and an inspiration for anyone interested in the intersection of sustainability, community living, and neuro-inclusivity.It will have a broad audience of architects, designers, occupational therapists, mental health professionals, housing developers, practitioners in housing and social care, among others.

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