Civil engineering, surveying and building Books

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Book SynopsisWith a new introduction for the paperback.London is a supreme achievement of civilization. It offers fulfilments of body and soul, encourages discovery and invention. It is a place of freedom, multiplicity and co-existence. It is a Liberal city, which means it stands for values now in peril. London has also become its own worst enemy, testing to destruction the idea that the free market alone can build a city, a fantastical wealth machine that denies too many of its citizens a decent home or living. In this thought-provoking, fearless, funny and subversive book, Rowan Moore shows how London’s strength depends on the creative and mutual interplay of three forces: people, business and state. To find responses to the challenges of the twenty-first century, London must rediscover its genius for popular action and bold public intervention. The global city above all others, London is the best place to understand the way the world’s citiesTrade ReviewMoore knows London better than most. There is a great argument in this book - and an important one * Sunday Times *Rowan Moore's Slow Burn City: London in the Twenty-First Century is an architectural study in the noble tradition of Ian Nairn: a vivid, knowledgable, argumentative tour of a city changing perhaps faster than at any time in its history * David Kynaston, Observer *A political book in the best sense - helping us to imagine a better world, reminding us that ideas shape how we live and plotting a better future for London. It's also full of intriguing facts, always beautifully written and adventurously illustrated. Rowan Moore should be Mayor -- Alain De BottonOffers a tour of our streets that will make you look at London in a new light . . . Moore's book is impressive for what he is saying, and the way he says it . . . He gives the reader a new understanding of our metropolis * Camden New Journal *Moore can't be bettered . . . brilliant * Country Life *Fun to read, packed with entertaining asides and spiced with waspish invective . . . * Oldie Review of Books *Each chapter of Rowan Moore's book is a striking architectural set piece . . . Moore writes persuasively on public spaces and the increasing, troubling tendency to keep the public out of them . . . [he] is at his best examininig why certain public spaces have worked, why we flock to them and find them congenial and welcoming . . . [his] portraits of individual buildings have great verve * Times Literary Supplement *Devastatingly funny if deeply disturbing . . . No other newspaper architecture critic [is] as sharp an assessor of the built environment as Moore * New York Review of Books *An eloquent, sweeping history-cum polemic * Literary Review *One of the UK's most accomplished writers on the profession, he critiques the most important buildings and the people who masterminded them with a style that is both entertaining and cuts through the crap * Observer *A subtle, often eccentric but always entertaining guide * Literary Review *Moore decrypts the ideological narratives of buildings with the same fluency he brings to bear on materials, forms and spaces: today's architectural criticism rarely seems so humane or intelligent * Daily Telegraph *Moore has a lot to offer those who like verbal flexibility and thought-provoking aphorisms. There is also a sense of mischief . . . if famous architects were a coconut shy, Moore would go home with the giant teddy * Sunday Telegraph *Moore writes with economy, clarity and wit -- Will Wiles * Building Design *

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Book SynopsisThis established textbook provides an understanding of materials' behaviour through knowledge of their chemical and physical structure. It covers the main classes of construction materials: metals, concrete, other ceramics (including bricks and masonry), polymers, fibre composites, bituminous materials, timber, and glass. It provides a clear and comprehensive perspective on the whole range of materials used in modern construction, to form a must-have for civil and structural engineering students, and those on courses such as architecture, surveying and construction. It begins with a Fundamentals section followed by a section on each of the major groups of materials. In this new edition:- The section on fibre composites FRP and FRC has been completely restructured and updated.- Typical questions with answers to any numerical examples are given at the end of each section, as well as an instructor's manual with further questions and answers.- The linkTrade Review"This book is exceptional in both coverage and content."-- Peter C. Hewlett, Magazine of Concrete Research, June 2018"A book giving up-to-date comprehensive knowledge on construction materials which will be the first choice book for lecturers teaching construction materials to civil engineering students on UK undergraduate and postgraduate taught courses."-- Toby Mottram, University of Warwick"A must have text book for those teaching or studying materials science applied to civil engineering."-- Juliana Calabria-Holley, University of Bath"This book is very good for teaching civil and construction engineers students about material science. The text goes from fundamental principles in the first chapters to practical use of the building materials."-- Eythor Thorhallsson, Reykjavik University"The notion of underpinning engineering materials with ‘atomistics’ is well presented and is particularly vital for both understanding and novelty"-- Adegoke Olubanwo, Coventry University"The best and most comprehensive textbook on construction materials targeted for undergraduate students following a civil engineering or similar degree programme."-- Hussain Al Khalid, Liverpool University"This book is exceptional in both coverage and content."-- Peter C. Hewlett, Magazine of Concrete Research, June 2018"A book giving up-to-date comprehensive knowledge on construction materials which will be the first choice book for lecturers teaching construction materials to civil engineering students on UK undergraduate and postgraduate taught courses."-- Toby Mottram, University of Warwick"A must have text book for those teaching or studying materials science applied to civil engineering."-- Juliana Calabria-Holley, University of Bath"This book is very good for teaching civil and construction engineers students about material science. The text goes from fundamental principles in the first chapters to practical use of the building materials."-- Eythor Thorhallsson, Reykjavik University"The notion of underpinning engineering materials withatomistics is well presented and is particularly vital for both understanding and novelty"-- Adegoke Olubanwo, Coventry University"The best and most comprehensive textbook on construction materials targeted for undergraduate students following a civil engineering or similar degree programme."-- Hussain Al Khalid, Liverpool UniversityTable of ContentsPart I: FundamentalsRevised and updated by Peter Domone and Marios Soutsos, with acknowledgment to the previous authors Bill Biggs, Ian McColl and Bob MoonChapter 1: Atoms, Bonding, Energy and EquilibriumChapter 2: Mechanical Properties of Solids Chapter 3: Structure of SolidsChapter 4: Fracture and ToughnessChapter 5: Liquids, Viscoelasticity and GelsChapter 7: Electrical and Thermal Properties Example Questions Further Reading Part II: Metals and AlloysRevised and updated Marios Soutsos and Peter Domone, with acknowledgment to the previous authors Bill Biggs, Ian McColl and Bob MoonChapter 8: Deformation and Strengthening of MetalsChapter 9: Forming of MetalsChapter 10: Oxidation and CorrosionChapter 11: Iron and SteelChapter 12: AluminiumExample Questions Further Reading Part III: Concrete Marios Soutsos and Peter DomoneChapter 13: Portland CementsChapter 14: AdmixturesChapter 15: AdditionsChapter 16: Other Types of CementChapter 17: Aggregates for ConcreteChapter 18: Properties of Fresh ConcreteChapter 19: Early Age Properties of ConcreteChapter 20: Deformation of ConcreteChapter 21: Strength and Failure of ConcreteChapter 22: Concrete Mix DesignChapter 23: Non-Destructive Testing of Hardened ConcreteChapter 24: Durability of ConcreteChapter 25: Special ConcretesChapter 26: Recycling of ConcreteExample Questions Further Reading Part IV: PolymersRevised and updated by Vasileios Koutsos with acknowledgement to the previous author Len HollowayChapter 27: Polymer Types, Properties and ApplicationsFurther Reading Part V: Fibre Composites FRP and FRCPhilip PurnellChapter 28: Reinforcing Fibre MaterialsChapter 29: Reinforcing Fibre ArchitectureChapter 30: MatricesChapter 31: Interfaces and BondingChapter 32: Mechanical Behaviour and Properties of Composites Chapter 33: Manufacture of Fibre CompositesChapter 34: Applications of Fibre Composites in Construction.Chapter 35: Durability Chapter 36: RecyclingFurther Reading Part VI: GlassGraham DoddChapter 37: Manufacture and ProcessingChapter 38: Properties and PerformanceChapter 39: Design and ApplicationsChapter 40: Service and End of LifeFurther ReadingPart VII: Timber John DinwoodieChapter 41: Structure of Timber and the Presence of MoistureChapter 42: Deformation in TimberChapter 43: Strength and Failure in TimberChapter 44: Durability of TimberChapter 45: Processing and Recycling of TimberExample QuestionsAcknowledgment, Further Reading and Sources of Information Part VIII: Masonry Revised and updated by Paulo B. Lourenço with acknowledgment to the previous author Bob de VekeyChapter 46: Materials and Components for Masonry Chapter 47: Masonry Construction and FormsChapter 48: Structural Behaviour and Movement of MasonryChapter 49: Non-Structural Physical Properties of MasonryChapter 50: Deterioration, Conservation and Strengthening of MasonryExample QuestionsFurther Reading and Sources of Information Part IX: Bituminous MaterialsGordon D. AireyChapter 51: Components of Bituminous MaterialsChapter 52: Viscosity, Stiffness and Deformation of Bituminous MaterialsChapter 53: Strength and Failure of Bituminous MaterialsChapter 54: Durability of Bituminous MixturesChapter 55: Design and Production of Bituminous MaterialsChapter 56: Recycling of Bituminous MaterialsExample QuestionsFurther Reading Part X: Selection and Sustainable Use of MaterialsMarios Soutsos and Peter DomoneChapter 57: Mechanical Properties of MaterialsChapter 58: Sustainability and Construction Materials

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Book SynopsisDespite the global movement to tackle plastic pollution, demand for plastics continues to rise. As the world transitions away from fossil fuels, plastics are set to be the biggest driver of oil demand. Single-use plastics – deemed essential in the fight against COVID-19 – have been given a new lease of life. In a world beset with crisis fatigue, what can we do to curb the escalating plastics crisis? In this book, Alice Mah reveals how petrochemical and plastics corporations have fought relentlessly to protect and expand plastics markets in the face of existential threats to business. From denying the toxic health effects of plastics to co-opting circular economy solutions to plastic waste and exploiting the opportunities offered up by the global pandemic, industry has deflected attention from the key problem: plastics production. The consequences of unfettered plastics growth are pernicious and highly unequal. We all have a part to play in reducing plastics consumption but we must tackle the problem at its root: the capitalist imperative for limitless growth.Trade Review‘Hard-hitting and insightful, Plastic Unlimited upends the familiar “personal responsibility” narrative, instead tracing the roots of our global plastics crisis to the voracious multinational corporations producing an endless stream of the stuff.’Beth Gardiner, author of Choked: The Age of Air Pollution and the Fight for a Cleaner Future ‘Alice Mah blows the lid off the many myths and deceptive tactics propagated and employed by an industry desperately seeking to extend our continuing addiction to fossil fuels. This book offers illumination and ammunition for citizens striving for a just and better future.’Von Hernandez, Global coordinator of the Break Free From Plastic movement ‘Timely, engaging, comprehensive. Mah delivers the book I’ve been waiting for – a power-and-geopolitics analysis of the multifaceted plastics crisis, past and present.’Rebecca Altman, writer and environmental sociologist ‘Plastic Unlimited uncovers the driving forces behind the global problem of plastic waste that is damaging ecosystems, undermining public health, and widening inequalities. Alice Mah’s incisive analysis shows that the current plastics predicament is not mainly a problem of weak waste management or poor consumer choices, but instead is driven by powerful corporations that dominate plastics production and use.’Jennifer Clapp, University of Waterloo ‘With breathtaking originality, Alice Mah exposes why plastics are poisoning our planet. Governance is failing. And corporations are out of control. Everyone should rush to read this incisive, fiery analysis. These companies must be held accountable.’Peter Dauvergne, University of British Columbia ‘Tracing plastics back to their petrochemical source, Plastic Unlimited presents an unflinching investigation into corporate responsibility for the plastics crisis. Mah convincingly argues that plastics consumption and climate change are interlinked, and offers strategies for confronting these fossil-fuelled crises through multi-scalar activism.’Jennifer Gabrys, University of Cambridge and author of Citizens of Worlds: Open-Air Toolkits for Environmental Struggle ‘This fantastic book is extremely informative, well written, and a must-read for anyone interested in the deeper roots of the plastics crisis.’Frank Geels, University of Manchester ‘Plastic Unlimited is a vitally important book. It provides a cogent, nuanced, and resounding critique of the fossil fuel industry’s strategy to turn plastics into a saviour of global health, renewable energy technology, but, most of all, the industry’s bottom line. Read this book to understand how the climate emergency and plastics production go hand in hand.’Josh Lepawsky, Memorial University of Newfoundland ‘Plastic Unlimited is an exquisitely useful book and a must-read for anyone interested in plastic pollution. Pulling back the curtain on concepts like lifecycle assessments (LCAs), the circular economy, net zero, and chemical recycling, Alice Mah reveals how each one has specific ingredients that align with the continued growth of plastic production. Academia has lagged behind NGO research and investigative journalism on the plastics industry, but Plastic Unlimited decisively ends that trend. It’s the book I’ve been waiting for!’Max Liboiron, Memorial University of Newfoundland and author of Pollution Is Colonialism ‘Mah’s brilliant analysis reveals how the continuous growth of the petrochemical industry draws upon an imaginary circular economy of plastics that leaves aside “waste colonialism” and environmental injustices.’Joan Martínez-Alier, Autonomous University of Barcelona (ICTA)“industry has deflected attention from the key problem: plastics production. We must tackle the problem at its root — the capitalist imperative for limitless growth.”Ecosocialist Bookshelf“Lively and sophisticated.” Nature“A fiery analysis”FastCompanyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments1 Plastic Unlimited2 Manufacturing Toxic Wants and Needs3 The Corporate Alliance to (Never) End Plastic Waste4 Hedging Against Climate Risk5 Plastics in the Pandemic6 How Can We Curb the Plastics Crisis?Selected ReadingsNotes

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Book SynopsisHaving worked on projects around the world, strengthening and restoring historically significant structures from Windsor Castle to the parliament buildings in Canada, Peter James brings insight to the structural engineering of ancient Egypt. After fourteen years working on the historic buildings and temples of Egypt, and most recently the world's oldest pyramid, he now presents some of the more common theories surrounding the `collapsing' pyramid - along with new and innovative projections on the construction of the pyramids and the restoration of some of Cairo's most monumental structures from the brink of ruin. The decoding of historic construction from a builder's perspective is examined and explained - often contrary to many existing theories - and the book provides a new outlook on long-held assumptions, to embrace modern theories in a bid to preserve the past.Trade Review"A history of the pyramids and the technical innovation that has gone into saving them is a fascinating combination that should interest all of us involved in building conservation. . . . This book presents an extra dimension and interest, which again is a fascinating tale."--John Edwards, University of Wales Trinity Saint David

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Pavement Engineering, Third edition is an essential reference on fundamental principles of pavement engineering, showing how to design, construct, evaluate and maintain pavements of all types.

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Book SynopsisEarly Contractor Involvement explains how to structure and administer a process of early contractor involvement within a two-stage tender process. It provides clear practical guidance on the range of factors that need to be considered to achieve the benefits of early contractor involvement (ECI).

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a unique view of the key issues for adopting BIM in construction projects from a pragmatic perspective. It provides an overview of the core ideas and issues distilled from various guidance documents and by dealing with the more mundane practical issues, facilitates an understanding of the more complex and important issues of processes, standards and protocols that need to be in place for the successful adoption of BIM in construction projects. In so doing, it provides reader-friendly guidance to enable the engineer or student to fully understand the implications of the process and to facilitate the application of the principles and techniques in real scenarios.The author presents a balanced approach combining sufficient background theory and practical ideas to ensure the book is applicable and relevant to practising engineers, architects, contractors and client organisations. It will serve as a key introduction for students. The appendices provide practical advice and material for BIM projects, dealing with issues such as compliance, project implementation plans and learning outcomes.Although much of the topic emanates from the UK, it is equally applicable in any country where best practice is desired.Trade Review'...a concise, accurate and experienced look into BIM adoption. The author writes about process, protocols and standards and shares insight that keeps the reader informed and turning pages. With a focus on UK BIM adoption, the topics and pragmatic observations will have world-wide impact in any construction project. Written in a user-friendly approach, this book includes core concepts and pragmatic perspectives for understanding construction projects and implementing them successfully. The material is concise, informative and impactful without being over-bearing and complex - it gets to the point right away. ...an amazing concise summary of BIM in construction that includes useful, meaningful and significant information in a no frills approach. ...has applicability to anyone involved in BIM today. This book is a great starter for anyone beginning BIM or remotely involved in construction. You won't go wrong with this book as your first BIM book'. 3D Visualization World Magazine -------------------- 'Learn how to reduce waste and increase profitability, sustainability and efficiency'. MODUS, RICS -------------------- 'Author Professor Bimal Kumar, the head of the BIM Centre at Glasgow Caledonian University, shares a wealth of knowledge and addresses the core issues, processes, standards and protocols associated with BIM. As well as being an essential guide for practitioners seeking to successfully adopt BIM on construction projects... ...[it] will have a home as an accessible introduction to the topic for others involved in the industry... ...is competitively priced and will no doubt prove to be a very useful tool for those seeking to successfully adopt and implement BIM on construction projects'. Civil Engineering SurveyorTable of ContentsIntroduction and background; Information management for the construction industry; UK Government's BIM strategy; EIRs and PAS 1192: Part 2; BIM PEP document development; BIM protocol, Outline Scope of Services and PII; Training and education; References; Appendix 1. Brief guide to Level 2BIM compliance/capability; Appendix 2. Typical responses to a BIM-based PQQ; Appendix 3. Sample BIM PEP for a building services company; Appendix 4. A sample set of learning outcomes for an introductory course in Level 2 BIM

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Book SynopsisThere is an enormous need to map cities, rivers, coasts, roads, industrial installations and infrastructure in general, and also vulnerable areas in full three dimensions. It has to be done accurately and in detail. The main technologies for detailed 3D mapping are based on imaging devices (photogrammetry) and Lidar sensors (laser scanning). These geodata acquisition technologies routinely acquire point clouds of billions of points and have matured rapidly since the mid-1990s. They have become key geodata sources for 3D city modelling, creation of digital twins and smart cities, and inspection of roads, railways, and natural features. Many GIS analysts extensively use point clouds in the form of digital elevation models. Pointcloudmetry is the specialized branch of geomatics that encompasses the acquisition and processing of point clouds captured by Lidar devices as well as point clouds derived from photogrammetric images. The technology allows accurate and detailed geo-information about earth-related objects, including the bare earth surface, to be obtained. This book covers the entire chain from the principles of geo-referencing and the basics of electromagnetic energy up to the generation of 2.5D and 3D geoinformation. The book provides vital knowledge about the fundamentals, idiosyncrasies and unparalleled potential of point cloud technology and is an indispensable aid to acquiring competent knowledge on the processing steps necessary for converting raw data into high quality 3D geo-information.Table of ContentsSetting light on the landscape; Electromagnetic energy; Laser light; Photogrammetry and 3D computer vision; Airborne Lidar; Ground-based Lidar; Survey peculiarities; Digital elevation models; Interpolation; Ground filtering; Feature detection from images and point clouds; Point cloud processing software; Pilot studies and applications

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Book SynopsisPerhaps best known for their well-kept fleet of AEC lorries and for their ''Fletton brick'', the London Brick Company of Stewartby and Peterborough sold its products throughout the country. Through both good and bad times the company serviced the needs of the nation''s building industry, firstly by rail and then by road. In this book, noted transport historian Bill Aldridge describes the growth of the company, its many acquisitions and above all its delivery services. To explain this development, the brick making process is also briefly explained. Coverage is also given to recent events, including the take-over by the multinational Hanson Group who themselves began life as a small haulage company in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.However, the second, fully revised edition of this remarkable and highly praised book not only looks at the London Brick Company delivery fleet, but also includes the range of ancillary vehicles operated by the company, including buses, fire engines, ambulances, refuse wagons and landfill site vehicles. This second edition also includes four extra colour pages.

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Book SynopsisWith the increasing development of brownfield and landfill sites, ground gas is a common problem encountered by engineers and scientists and this book not only raises awareness of the phenomenon but also provides practical solutions to the difficulties experienced. This vital new handbook provides practical guidance to engineers, regulators and designers about assessing ground gas risk and the design of appropriate protection measures. It includes a great deal of information that has never before been available in one volume and draws on the collective experience of the authors. The book discusses the assessment of ground gas for Part II A sites and also includes information on the assessment of vapours. Detailed information on gas generation and the analysis of gas flows in the ground are included, including the design of gas protection systems. There are many worked examples throughout the book that help to explain the concepts and calculations that are described. It explains how to use the most recent assessment methods published by CIRCA, NHBC and BSI and highlights the differences between the various methods.The final sections cover the design and installation of gas protection systems to buildings and in ground barriers. Most importantly, it includes advice and recommendations about the validation and testing of protection systems as they are installed. Readership: This handbook will be of immense value to professionals and advanced students within geotechnical engineering, geo-environmental engineering, ground engineering and environmental health, including engineers and applied scientists in these disciplines. Researchers, regulators and design offices will also find this book to be of great use.Trade Review'The Ground Gas Handbook is an excellent resource for a professional working in the field of contaminated land and who is often confronted with situations where the risks of ground gas have to be considered. - give an excellent overview - the introductory chapters - are highly recommended for someone just starting in the field or as a brush up of old knowledge.' Ingeokring NewsletterTable of ContentsContents: Introduction; Policy guidance; Sources and properties of ground gas and vapours; Gas and vapour generation and migration; Site investigation and monitoring; Assessment of results; Methods of gas protection; Design of protection

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Book SynopsisThis book reflects the author’s fifty years’ experience in international construction projects and the management and resolution of disputes. During those fifty years, Wayne Clark’s aim has always been to guide parties towards sensible and clear communication, nurturing relationships and seeking early solutions to their differences. His primary goal is to help parties avoid unnecessary conflict – a theme that is clearly evident throughout this book. While two chapters are devoted to preparing construction claims to persuade a tribunal – and in so doing persuade the other side to reach an amicable settlement – the book covers a much wider scope: from the building owner’s dream through to the contractor handing over the completed project, wise contract administration, settlement negotiations, the third-party resolution process and, finally, arbitration. During each of these stages, the theme is for the parties to continually seek ways to resolve their differences. The book also introduces the idea of the ‘shadow arbitrator’, who, if commissioned early in the dispute process, can guide parties and legal counsel to prepare claims and arbitral pleadings that will persuade a tribunal – and encourage the parties to find sensible solutions.Trade Review‘This very important and timely book discusses all the stages of a construction project, with a continual focus on ways for parties to resolve their differences. Wayne Clark has written a must-read guide for the experienced as well as for novices in sophisticated and effective construction dispute management. Read this book and learn from one of the best.’ — Victor P. Leginsky, Chartered Arbitrator and Certified Mediator, Arbitralis ADR; ‘At last, a straightforward guide to construction disputes. This book does not try to explain contract law, but instead refreshingly offers practical insight into the world of construction claims, their management and resolution. Examples, war stories and route maps leading to solutions are provided. Wayne’s book should be a valuable addition to anyone’s library.’ — Nicholas Gould, Partner, Fenwick Elliott LLP; ‘Newly qualified project managers and engineers, as well as experienced construction lawyers and claims consultants, will benefit hugely from reading this book. Wayne Clark clearly demonstrates the benefits of seeking sensible, win–win solutions rather than turning to confrontation.’ — Dr Mohammed Abdulla Al-Kuwari, Former Deputy Chairman of the Board of the Qatar Society of Engineers

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the life and times of fifty-three great British scientists and engineers – male and female inventive geniuses who changed the world, improving the lives of mankind, and propelling humanity forward. Their stories abound with personal ingenuity, brilliance and scientific or engineering wizardry, and with the ambition to satisfy fundamental human needs. The author aspires to set these individual achievements in the socio-political context of their place in history, sometimes embracing the activities of others to round off the story and scientific contribution. Avoiding overly technical language, he nonetheless succeeds in making complex theories and technologies more comprehensible and accessible to a lay audience. This book is a must for all those interested in the prehistory and history of the steam engine, transport, communication technology, public health services, and many topics from the natural sciences. Many of the inventions described in its pages have helped shape the modern world.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- “Revolutions” - Scientific, Agricultural and Industrial.- The Steam Age – Evolution of Steam Engines and the 1st Steam Locomotive.- Advances in Forms of Transport – Steam Locomotives, Cycle Tyres, Oceanic Liners, and Jet Aircraft. Transport Infrastructure - Canals, Roads, and Commercial Railways.- Drawbacks with Industrialization. Sanitary Revolution Offering Technologies to Improve Public Health.- Natural Sciences.- History of the Atom, 1803 to 1932.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1: The Global Need for Shelters.- Chapter 2: Site Selection.- Chapter 3: Site Planning.- Chapter 4: Planning for Rapid Delivery.- Chapter 5: Infrastructure and Utilities.- Chapter 6: Form and Function of a Shelter.- Chapter 7: Prefabricated Shelters.- Chapter 8: Designing Shelters for Self-Help Building.- Chapter 9: Sustainable Materials for Shelters.- Chapter 10: Charting a Path Forward.

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Book SynopsisBuilding with precast concrete elements is one of the most innovative forms of construction. This book serves as an introduction to this topic, including examples, and thus supplies all the information necessary for conceptual and detailed design.

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Book SynopsisThe need for large-scale bridges is constantly growing worldwide, as the expansion of transport infrastructures with rail roads and high-speed lines is an important current task in many regions. This book develops all aspects referring to the structural conceptional design and analysis that are taken into account when planning a bridge or viaduct for a high-speed rail line. That includes the characteristics of the railway traffic such as speeds, actions, limit states, etc., and a detailed analysis of the superstructure of the track with its various components and singular elements. One of the special features of the book is that it not only highlights the bridge typologies and structural components related to the bridge design but also takes into account the issues of the track construction. The design basis, the requirements from different situations, and solutions are given. Special attention is paid to the interactions between the structure and the track and to the dynamic nature of railway actions, studying the dynamic response of the structure and its influence on the behaviour of the track and its components as well as on safety, traffic flow quality, and maintenance needs. The particulars of the design of high-speed rail bridges located in seismic areas are included as well. Numerous examples in all chapters serve the book's character as a useful guide to HSR bridge design, and to prevent typical problems and errors. An appendix with selected HSR bridges built worldwide completes the work. With this work the authors provide first-hand experience gained from many years of planning of completed bridges for high-speed rail lines.Table of ContentsForeword xv About the Authors xvii Acknowledgements xix 1 Introduction to High-Speed Railway Bridges 1 José Romo 1.1 Book’s Content 1 1.2 What is Special About a High-Speed Rail Bridge? 2 1.2.1 Dynamic Amplification and Resonance 2 1.2.2 Rail Traffic Security 3 1.2.3 Passenger’s Comfort 3 1.2.4 Track–Structure Interaction 4 1.3 General Ideas on High-Speed Railway Bridges 4 1.4 Evolution and Trends in High-Speed Bridge Design 6 1.4.1 First High-Speed Bridges 6 1.4.1.1 First-Generation German Bridges 6 1.4.1.2 First-Generation French Bridges 8 1.4.1.3 First-Generation Spanish Bridges 8 1.4.2 Recent High-Speed Bridges 9 1.4.2.1 Recent French Bridges 9 1.4.2.2 Second-Generation German Bridges 9 1.4.2.3 Recent Spanish HSRB 10 1.4.2.4 Bridges for High-Speed Railway Lines in China 10 1.4.2.5 British High-Speed Bridges 12 1.4.2.6 High-Speed Railway Bridges in the USA 12 1.4.3 Conclusions 12 1.4.3.1 Viaducts 13 1.4.3.2 Long-Span Bridges 13 1.5 The Landscape and the Design of High-Speed Railway Bridges 13 1.5.1 The Traveller’s Experience 13 1.5.2 The Bridge in the Landscape 15 1.5.2.1 Long Viaducts with Low Vertical Level 16 1.5.2.2 Long Viaducts with Medium or High Level 16 1.6 Railway Bridges as Landmarks or Icons of a Line 22 1.7 Railway Bridge’s Legacy 23 1.8 Building for the 21st Century 24 1.9 Conclusions 24 References 25 2 Track for High-Speed Bridges 29 Manuel Cuadrado 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Specific Criteria for Railway Bridges 29 2.2.1 General Criteria 29 2.2.2 Specific Criteria for High-Speed Bridges 31 2.3 Description of the Track Superstructure 31 2.3.1 Track Components: Definitions, Functions, and Qualities 32 2.3.1.1 Ballast 32 2.3.1.2 Sleepers 32 2.3.1.3 Fasteners 33 2.3.1.4 Rails 33 2.3.1.5 Switches and Crossings 34 2.3.2 Most Important Conceptual Improvements 35 2.3.2.1 Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) 35 2.3.2.2 Track–Infrastructure Interaction: Better Understanding 36 2.3.3 Evolution of the Different Components 36 2.3.3.1 Ballast 36 2.3.3.2 Sleepers 37 2.3.3.3 Fastenings 39 2.3.3.4 Rails 40 2.3.4 Track Options Currently Available for High Speed 41 2.3.4.1 Optimised Ballasted Track 41 2.3.4.2 New Ballastless Track 43 2.4 SLS Related to the Track 44 2.4.1 Dynamic Interaction: Track–Vehicle 44 2.4.2 Track Geometry Quality 46 2.4.3 SLS Verifications Regarding Deformations and Vibrations 48 2.4.3.1 Criteria for Traffic Safety 48 2.4.3.2 Comfort Criteria 55 References 57 3 Conceptual Design of High-Speed Railway Bridges 61 José Romo 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Structural and Functional Specific Requirements for High-Speed Railway Bridges 62 3.2.1 Introduction 62 3.2.2 Control of Vertical Acceleration 62 3.2.3 Rotation at Expansion Joints 62 3.2.4 Horizontal Braking and Traction Forces and Relative Movements Between Deck and Infrastructure 62 3.2.5 Track-Bridge Deck Interaction 63 3.2.6 Expansion Joints 63 3.3 Longitudinal Design Strategies 64 3.3.1 General Concepts 64 3.3.2 Ballasted Track 65 3.3.3 Ballastless Track 66 3.3.4 Actions to be Considered at the Fixed Point 66 3.4 Design Situation of High-Speed Railway Bridges 66 3.4.1 Short Crossing at Low Level 67 3.4.2 Long Structures 67 3.4.2.1 Low Profile 68 3.4.3 High-Level Viaducts 71 3.4.4 Long Span Structures 72 3.5 Structural Types 72 3.5.1 Straight Deck Solutions 72 3.5.1.1 Simply Supported Deck 72 3.5.1.2 Continuous Slab Concrete Decks 73 3.5.1.3 Precast Beam Decks 74 3.5.1.4 Concrete Box Hollow Sections 78 3.5.1.5 Steel Beam Decks 80 3.5.1.6 Steel Semi-through Decks 81 3.5.2 Truss Bridges 82 3.5.3 Arch Bridges 83 3.5.3.1 Upper Deck Bridges 83 3.5.3.2 Tied Arch Bridges 85 3.5.4 Cable-Supported Bridges 85 3.5.4.1 Extradosed Bridges 85 3.5.4.2 Cable-Stayed Bridges 86 3.5.4.3 Suspension Bridges 88 3.5.4.4 Hybrid Bridges 89 3.6 Structural Elements – Substructure 89 3.6.1 Abutments 90 3.6.1.1 Abutments with Expansion Joint in Structure Only 90 3.6.1.2 Abutments with Expansion Joint in Structure and Track 90 3.6.1.3 Fixed Abutments 91 3.6.2 Piers 95 3.6.3 Bearings 95 3.6.3.1 General Bearing Layout 96 3.7 Seismic Design 99 3.7.1 Seismic Design Strategies 99 3.7.2 Seismic Behaviour and Deck Articulation 99 3.7.3 Longitudinal Behaviour 100 3.7.3.1 Simply Supported Spans 100 3.7.3.2 Continuous Deck 100 3.7.4 Transversal Behaviour 101 3.7.4.1 Introduction 101 3.7.4.2 Fixed Transversal Support 101 3.7.4.3 Transversal Damping Systems 102 3.7.4.4 Damping Devices Plus Bearings 104 3.8 Worked Example 106 3.8.1 Introduction: Aim and Data 106 3.8.1.1 Topography 106 3.8.1.2 Plan and Elevation 106 3.8.1.3 Railway Platform Section – Project Speed 106 3.8.1.4 Water Flood Level 107 3.8.1.5 Preliminary Geotechnical Data 107 3.8.2 Methodology 107 3.8.3 Critical Analysis of Existing Information 107 3.8.4 Determination of the Length of the Viaduct, Selection of the Fixed Point 108 3.8.5 Span Distribution 109 3.8.6 Deck Pre-dimensioning 109 3.8.7 Pre-design of the Infrastructure 112 3.8.7.1 Fixed Point 112 3.8.7.2 Bearings 112 3.8.7.3 Abutments 112 3.8.7.4 Piers 113 References 115 4 Design Basis 117 José Romo 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Design Situations 117 4.3 Rail Traffic Actions and Other Actions Specific of Railway Bridges 118 4.3.1 Permanent Loads 118 4.3.1.1 Self-Weight 118 4.3.1.2 Dead Loads 118 4.3.1.3 Partial Ballast Removal 119 4.3.2 Variable Loads 119 4.3.2.1 Vertical Live Loads 119 4.3.2.2 Traction and Braking Forces 121 4.3.2.3 Centrifugal Forces 122 4.3.2.4 Nosing Forces 123 4.3.2.5 Aerodynamic Actions from Passing Trains 123 4.3.2.6 Thermal Actions 123 4.3.2.7 Bearing Friction 124 4.3.3 Dynamics Effects 124 4.3.3.1 Introduction 124 4.3.3.2 Consideration of Dynamic Effects 125 4.3.4 Railway Vehicle Derailment 125 4.3.4.1 Railway Vehicle Impacts 125 4.4 Application of Traffic Loads on Railway Bridges 126 4.4.1 General 126 4.4.1.1 Load Situations for Structural Design 127 4.4.1.2 Load Situations for Limit State and Associated Acceptance Criteria 127 4.4.2 Groups of Loads 127 4.4.2.1 Characteristic Values of Multicomponent Action 127 4.5 Traffic Loads for Fatigue 128 4.6 Verifications Regarding Deformation and Vibrations for Railway Bridges 128 4.7 Worked Example 129 4.7.1 Introduction 129 4.7.1.1 Calculation of Reactions at Bearings: Pre-dimensioning 130 4.7.1.2 Calculation of Forces and Preliminary Design of the Fixed Abutment 130 4.7.2 Actions 130 4.7.2.1 Vertical Loads 130 4.7.2.2 Horizontal Forces 131 4.7.2.3 Wind Speed 132 4.7.3 Calculation of Reactions at Bearings: Pre-dimensioning 133 4.7.3.1 Vertical Forces 133 4.7.3.2 Centrifugal Forces 134 4.7.3.3 Wind at Unloaded State 135 4.7.3.4 Wind with Live Load 135 4.7.3.5 Reactions in Pier Heads 135 4.7.3.6 Transversal Wind Bearings Reactions 136 4.7.3.7 Loads per Bearings 136 4.7.4 Fixed Abutment Loads 137 4.7.4.1 Introduction 137 4.7.4.2 Loads Transmitted by the Deck 137 4.7.4.3 Forces Acting on the Abutment 138 References 140 5 Dynamic Behaviour of High-Speed Railway Bridges 143 Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey 5.1 Introduction 143 5.1.1 Resonance 143 5.1.2 Envelope Dynamic Factor 144 5.1.3 Dynamic Factor for Real Trains Obtained by Means of Analytical Formulations 145 5.1.4 Dynamic Factor Obtained by Dynamic Analysis 147 5.2 Methods for Dynamic Calculations and Structural Response 153 5.2.1 Modal Superposition 153 5.2.1.1 Matrix Formulation for Finite Element Analysis 153 5.2.1.2 Formulation Based on Assumed Eigenforms 155 5.2.2 Response to the Isolated Load 158 5.2.3 Response to the Train Loads 162 5.2.4 Effect of Damping 164 5.2.5 Dynamic Interaction Between Vehicle and Structure 165 5.3 Interoperability 167 5.3.1 Introduction 167 5.3.2 Universal Dynamic Train A 167 5.3.3 Universal Dynamic Train B 167 5.4 Application Examples 168 5.4.1 Case Without Dynamic Analysis 168 5.4.2 Case with Dynamic Analysis 169 References 183 6 Longitudinal Track–Structure Interaction 185 Manuel Cuadrado and Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey 6.1 Introduction 185 6.2 Problem Statement 185 6.3 Model for Analysis 188 6.3.1 General Considerations 188 6.3.1.1 Rails 189 6.3.1.2 Deck 189 6.3.1.3 Interaction Between Rails and Track Base 189 6.3.1.4 Bearings 189 6.3.1.5 Columns 190 6.3.1.6 Foundations 190 6.4 Actions 191 6.4.1 Temperature Variations 191 6.4.1.1 Case Without Track Joint 191 6.4.1.2 Case with Track Joint 191 6.4.2 Traction and Braking Forces 191 6.4.3 Vertical Loads 192 6.4.4 Creep and Shrinkage 192 6.4.5 Combination of Actions 193 6.5 Verifications 194 6.5.1 Verifications in Terms of Stresses 194 6.5.2 Verifications in Terms of Displacements 195 6.5.3 Criteria for Placing a Track Joint 196 6.6 Rail Expansion Joints 197 6.6.1 Design of REJs – Calculation of the Maximum Displacement 197 6.6.2 Regulation 201 6.6.3 Installation 201 6.7 Longitudinal Schemes 203 6.7.1 Continous Deck with a Single Fixed Point Located at One of the Abutments 203 6.7.1.1 General 203 6.7.1.2 Examples 204 6.7.2 Continous Deck with the Fixed Point Located on One of the Central Piers 211 6.7.2.1 General 211 6.7.3 Simply Supported Spans Without Longitudinal Continuity, with a Fixed Point on Each Span 211 6.7.3.1 General 211 6.7.3.2 Example 212 6.7.4 Fixed Points at the Two Abutments and a Structural Joint in the Middle 212 6.7.4.1 General 212 6.7.4.2 Example 214 6.7.5 Deck Divided into Several Continuous Stretches, Each One Including Several Spans and One Fixed Point 216 6.7.5.1 General 216 6.7.5.2 Example 217 6.7.6 Especial Situations 218 6.7.6.1 Seismic Design 218 6.7.6.2 Exceptional Geometries 226 6.7.6.3 Example of Exceptional Geometry 226 6.8 Example of Track–Structure Interaction 229 6.8.1 Verification of Stresses in the Rails 229 6.8.2 Verification of Horizontal Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Braking and Traction Forces 231 6.8.3 Verification of Horizontal Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Vertical Train Loads 232 6.8.4 Verification of Vertical Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Vertical Train Loads and Temperature Variations 234 References 235 7 Conceptual Design for Maintenance 239 José Romo 7.1 Introduction 239 7.2 Accesses 240 7.2.1 Decks 240 7.2.2 Piers 240 7.2.3 Abutments 241 7.3 Bearings 242 7.4 Expansion Joints 243 7.5 Drainage 246 7.6 Conclusions 248 References 248 Appendix A Basic Concepts of Dynamics 249 Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey A. 1 Dynamics of Single Degree-of-Freedom Systems 249 A.. 1 Dynamic Response to Moving Loads (Dynamic Load Factor) 249 A.1. 2 Basics of Resonance 257 A.1. 3 Solution of the Equation of Motion of a SDOF Damped System Subjected to a Triangular Load 258 A..3. 1 Auxiliary Expressions – Integrals I 1 , I 2 , and Their Derivatives 259 A.1.3. 2 Solution for the damped SDOF System Subjected to a Triangular Load 261 Reference 262 Appendix B Singular Bridges for High-Speed Railway Lines 263 José Romo B. 1 Germany 263 B.. 1 Gemünden Bridge 264 B 1 Data Summary 264 B.1.1. 2 Description 264 Further Reading 264 B.1. 2 Veitshöchheim Bridge 266 B..2. 1 Data Summary 266 B.1.. 2 Description 266 Further Reading 266 B.1. 3 Pfieffetal Bridge 268 B..3. 1 Data Summary 268 B.1.3. 2 Description 268 Further Reading 268 B.1. 4 Nantenbach Bridge 270 B..4. 1 Data Summary 270 B.1.4. 2 Description 270 Further Reading 270 B.1. 5 Unstruttal Bridge 272 B..5. 1 Data Summary 272 B.1.5. 2 Description 272 Further Reading 272 B.1. 6 Gänsebachtal Viaduct 274 B..6. 1 Data Summary 274 B.1.6. 2 Description 274 Further Reading 274 B.1. 7 Hämerten Bridge 276 B..7. 1 Data Summary 276 B.1.7. 2 Description 276 Further Reading 276 B.1. 8 Filstal Bridge 278 B..8. 1 Data Summary 278 B.1.8. 2 Description 278 Further Reading 278 B. 2 France 281 B.2. 1 Garde-Adhémar Viaduct 282 B.2.. 1 Data Summary 282 B..1. 2 Description 282 Further Reading 282 B.. 2 Avignon Viaducts 284 B.2.2. 1 Data Summary 284 B 2 Description 284 Further Reading 284 B.2. 3 Mornas Viaduct 286 B.2.3. 1 Data Summary 286 B..3. 2 Description 286 Further Reading 286 B.2. 4 Savoureuse Viaduct 288 B.2.4. 1 Data Summary 288 B..4. 2 Description 288 Further Reading 288 B. 3 Spain 291 B.3. 1 Osera Bridge 292 B.3.. 1 Data Summary 292 B.3.1. 2 Description 292 Further Reading 292 B.3. 2 Llinars Del Vallès Viaduct 294 B.3.2. 1 Data Summary 294 B.3.. 2 Description 294 Further Reading 294 B.. 3 Salto Del Carnero Railway Bridge, Saragossa 296 B.3.3. 1 Data Summary 296 B.3.3. 2 Description 296 Further Reading 296 B.3. 4 Viaduct Over AP7 Riudellots de la Selva 298 B.3.4. 1 Data Summary 298 B.3.4. 2 Description 298 Further Reading 298 B.3. 5 Contreras Bridge 300 B.3.5. 1 Data Summary 300 B.3.5. 2 Description 300 Further Reading 300 B.3. 6 Viaduct Over River Ulla 302 B.3.6. 1 Data Summary 302 B.3.6. 2 Description 302 Further Reading 302 B.3. 7 Almonte Bridge 304 B.3.7. 1 Data Summary 304 B.3.7. 2 Description 304 Further Reading 304 B.3. 8 Alcántara Bridge 306 B.3.8. 1 Data Summary 306 B.3.8. 2 Description 306 Further Reading 306 B. 4 Japan 309 B.4. 1 Yashiro Bridge 310 B.4.. 1 Data Summary 310 B.4.1. 2 Description 310 Further Reading 310 B.4. 2 Kumagawa Bridge 312 B.4.2. 1 Data Summary 312 B.4.. 2 Description 312 B.4. 3 Sannai-Maruyama Bridge 314 B.4.3. 1 Data Summary 314 B.4.3. 2 Description 314 Further Reading 314 B. 5 China 317 B.5. 1 Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge 318 B.5.. 1 Data Summary 318 B.5.1. 2 Description 318 Further Reading 318 B.5. 2 Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge 320 B.5.2. 1 Data Summary 320 B.5.. 2 Description 320 Further Reading 320 B.5. 3 Tongling Yangtze River Bridge 322 B.5.3. 1 Data Summary 322 B.5.3. 2 Description 322 Further Reading 322 B.5. 4 Beipanjiang Bridge 324 B.5.4. 1 Data Summary 324 B.5.4. 2 Description 324 Further Reading 324 B.. 5 Yachihe Bridge 326 B.5.5. 1 Data Summary 326 B.5.5. 2 Description 326 Further Reading 326 B.5. 6 Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge 328 B.5.6. 1 Data Summary 328 B.5.6. 2 Description 328 Further Reading 328 Index 331

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Book SynopsisDieses Jahrbuch präsentiert in zahlreichen Beiträgen renommierter Fachleute den aktuellen Stand der Technik im konstruktiven Glasbau. Nachhaltige und resiliente Fassadensysteme der Zukunft stehen im Fokus der Diskussion ebenso wie die Bewertung neuer Materialien und Technologien, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf dem Kleben. Die Planung und die Ausführung wegweisender Glasarchitektur werden anhand von aktuellen herausragenden Projekten ausführlich erläutert. Die Bemessung und die Konstruktion tragender Glasbauteile und die Anwendung neuer Normen und Richtlinien werden praxisnah aufgezeigt. Außerdem wird die Optimierung zukunftsfähiger Gebäudehüllen in gleicher Tiefe behandelt wie die energetische Sanierung denkmalgeschützter Fassaden. Nicht zuletzt vermitteln die jüngsten Ergebnisse anerkannter Forschungseinrichtungen einen zuverlässigen Einblick in die Leistungsfähigkeit des gesamten Glasbaus.Table of ContentsGlasbau Jahrbuch | 20 Jahre v Bernhard Weller, Silke Tasche Formen der Transparenz 1 Gunter Henn Bauten und Projekte Strukturell verklebte, wellenförmige Glasfassade mit Blick auf den Central Park 7 Klaus Kräch, Özhan Topcu, Benjamin Peter Additive Fertigung von freigeformten Stahl-Glas-Konstruktionen 21 Matthias Oppe, Lia Tramontini, Sebastian Thieme The Well – Neue Lebenskonzepte in Toronto 33 Felix Schmitt, Jonas Hilcken, Stefan Zimmermann Common Sky – ein Dach als Kunstwerk 47 Tobias Herrmann Ganzglaskonstruktion für das Dach des historischen Pützerturms der TU Darmstadt 59 Frank Tarazi, Sebastian Schula, Jens Schneider, Daniel Pfanner, Christoph Duppel Neuer Kanzlerplatz Bonn – Glasfassade in der Schnittstelle zur Gridstruktur 83 Jürgen Einck Bemessung und Konstruktion Nachhaltige Fassaden – Zirkularität als Innovationstreiber 95 Winfried Heusler, Ksenija Kadija Verglasungen im Zeichen des Klimawandels | mit Glas klimatauglich planen 107 Alireza Fadai, Daniel Stephan Entwicklung von beschusshemmendem Glas ohne Einsatz von Polycarbonat 119 Fritz Schlögl Aktueller Stand der nationalen Glasbaunormung 135 Geralt Siebert Explosionsschutz von Fenstern und Fassaden: Angewandte Grundlagen und Methoden 141 Jan Dirk van der Woerd, Matthias Wagner, Achim Pietzsch, Matthias Andrae, Norbert Gebbeken Forschung und Entwicklung Irreversible Oberflächenverwitterung von modernem Floatglas und präventive Reinigungsstrategien 155 Gentiana Strugaj, Elena Mendoza, Andreas Herrmann, Edda Rädlein Überlagerung fertigungsbedingter Inhomogenitäten und beschleunigter Alterung bei Silikonklebstoffen 165 Benjamin Schaaf, Markus Feldmann, Elisabeth Stammen, Klaus Dilger Hybrides Vakuumisolierglas – Thermische und thermomechanische Charakterisierung 179 Bastian Büttner, Franz Paschke, Matthias Seel, Cornelia Stark, Elias Wolfrath, Helmut Weinläder Photochromes Verbundglas – Haftverhalten von EVA mit integrierter Funktionsfolie 193 Elena Fleckenstein, Christiane Kothe, Felix Nicklisch, Bernhard Weller Untersuchungen der Zugluft bei gekippten Fenstern in Hamburger Schulräumen 209 Barbara Weese, Christian Grote, Frank Wellershoff Geklebte Glasscheiben als Aussteifungselement und Absturzsicherung 223 Johannes Giese-Hinz, Felix Nicklisch, Bernhard Weller, Mascha Baitinger, Jasmin Reichert, Henriette Hoffmann Numerische Studien zur Glaskantentemperatur im verschatteten Bereich von Isoliergläsern 239 Gregor Schwind, Franz Paschke, Jens Schneider, Matthias Seel Versuchsprogramm zur Klebstoffuntersuchung fluidgefüllter Isolierverglasungen 261 Alina Joachim, Felix Nicklisch, Bernhard Weller Ein Verfahren zum Nachweis von thermisch vorgespannten Vakuumisolierglas-Hybriden 277 Isabell Schulz, Mascha Baitinger, Tommaso Baudone, Franz Paschke, Miriam Schuster, Matthias Seel Bauprodukte und Bauarten Effekte der Zusatzstoffe auf die Trübung und Alterung von Verbundsicherheitsgläsern 293 Anton Mordvinkin, Sven Henning, Michael Wendt, Robert Heidrich, Nishanth Thavayogarajah, Jasmin Weiß, Kristin Riedel, Steffen Bornemann Oberflächendefekte bei Dünnglas unter zyklischer Beanspruchung 307 Jürgen Neugebauer, Katharina Schachner Vogelschutz und funktionale Glasbeschichtungen im Verbundsicherheitsglas 319 Wim Stevels, Alex Caestecker, Matthias Haller Fortgeschrittene Methoden für die Schädigungsanalyse von Glaslaminaten bei dynamischen Beanspruchungen 335 Steffen Bornemann, Sven Henning, Konstantin Naumenko, Matthias Pander, Kristin Riedel, Mathias Würkner Autorinnen und Autoren 349 Schlagwörter 351 Keywords 353

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Book SynopsisWhile the first volume on building physics deals with the physical principles of heat, air and moisture behaviour of buildings, building structures and components, this second volume on applied building physics focuses on the question of what the desired performance of buildings consists of. To achieve this, knowledge of the external environmental effects and the internal live loads to which buildings are subjected is a necessary first step. Subsequently, the performance requirements and the physical correspondences are deepened with the determination of their physical parameters, at the levels of buildings, building structures and building components. Compared to the second edition, the discussion of criteria is not limited to thermal comfort, but also includes acoustic, visual and olfactory aspects. Likewise, the indoor air quality is considered in a broader way. Analyses and calculations result in sustainable buildings with a comfortable indoor climate from functional and durable building constructions. Compared to the second edition, the text for the third edition has been reorganised, corrected, revised and expanded where appropriate. A useful appendix for quick reference contains standard values of material properties for a wide range of building materials. The analyses and calculations described in this book result in sustainable buildings made of functional and durable building constructions, with comfortable and healthy indoor climate and air quality. Compared to the second edition the text in this third edition has been reshuffled, corrected, reworked and extended where appropriate.Table of ContentsPreface xv About the Author xvii List of Units and Symbols Introduction 1 Subject of the Book 1 Further Reading 2 1 Ambient Conditions Out- and Indoors 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Outdoors 5 1.2.1 In General 5 1.2.2 Air Temperature 6 1.2.3 Solar Radiation 9 1.2.3.1 In General 9 1.2.3.2 Beam Radiation 11 1.2.3.3 Diffuse Radiation 13 1.2.3.4 Reflected Radiation 15 1.2.3.5 Total Radiation 15 1.2.4 Clear Sky Long Wave Radiation 15 1.2.5 Relative Humidity (RH) and (Partial Water) Vapour Pressure 18 1.2.6 Wind 20 1.2.6.1 Impact 20 1.2.6.2 Wind Speed 21 1.2.6.3 Wind Pressure 22 1.2.7 Rain 23 1.2.7.1 Impact 23 1.2.7.2 Precipitation 23 1.2.7.3 Wind-driven Rain 25 1.2.8 Microclimate Around Buildings 28 1.2.9 Standardized Outside Climate Data 28 1.2.9.1 Design Temperature 28 1.2.9.2 Very Hot Summer, Very Cold Winter Day 30 1.2.9.3 Moisture Reference Year 30 1.2.9.4 Equivalent Temperature for Condensation and Drying 32 1.2.9.5 Monthly Mean Vapour Pressure Outdoors 35 1.3 Indoors 35 1.3.1 In General 35 1.3.2 Air Temperature 35 1.3.2.1 In General 35 1.3.2.2 Measured Data 36 1.3.3 Relative Humidity (RH) and Vapour Pressure 37 1.3.3.1 In General 37 1.3.3.2 Vapour Release Indoors 38 1.3.3.3 Measured Data 38 1.3.3.4 Indoor Climate Classes 45 1.3.4 Indoor to Outdoor Air Pressure Differentials 47 Annex: Solar Radiation at Uccle, Belgium (50 ∘ 51 ′ N, 4 ∘ 21 ′ E) 48 Further Reading 59 2 Performance Metrics and Arrays 63 2.1 Definitions 63 2.2 Functional Demands 63 2.3 Performance Requirements 64 2.4 A Short History 64 2.5 Performance Arrays 66 2.5.1 Overview 66 2.5.1.1 The Built Environment 66 2.5.1.2 Whole Buildings and Building Assemblies 66 2.5.2 Some Demands More in Detail 70 2.5.2.1 Functionality 70 2.5.2.2 Structural Adequacy 70 2.5.2.3 Building Physics-Related Requirements 71 2.5.2.4 Fire Safety 71 2.5.2.5 Durability 72 2.5.2.6 Sustainability 73 2.5.2.7 Maintenance 73 Further Reading 73 3 Performance Demands at the Whole Building Level 75 3.1 In Brief 75 3.2 Thermal, Acoustical, Visual and Olfactory Comfort 75 3.2.1 In General 75 3.2.2 Thermal Comfort 76 3.2.2.1 Physiological Basis 76 3.2.2.2 The Autonomous Control System 77 3.2.2.3 Steady State Thermal Comfort, A Physiological Approach 78 3.2.2.4 Comfort Parameters and Variables 81 3.2.2.5 Steady State Thermal Comfort, the Adaptive Model 85 3.2.2.6 Thermal Comfort Under Non-uniform, Non-steady-state Conditions 86 3.2.2.7 Local Discomfort 87 3.2.2.8 Standard-based Comfort Requirements 89 3.2.2.9 Consequences for the Enclosure Performance 92 3.2.3 Acoustical Comfort 93 3.2.3.1 Anatomy of the Ears 93 3.2.3.2 Physiological Facts 94 3.2.3.3 Effects of Unacceptable Noise 94 3.2.3.4 Comfort Values 97 3.2.4 Visual Comfort 99 3.2.4.1 Anatomy of the Eyes 99 3.2.4.2 Physiological Facts 99 3.2.4.3 Comfort Values 100 3.2.5 Olfactory Comfort 102 3.2.5.1 Anatomy of the Nose 102 3.2.5.2 Physiological Facts 102 3.2.5.3 Comfort Values 102 3.3 Health and Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) 103 3.3.1 In General 103 3.3.2 Health 104 3.3.3 Definitions 104 3.3.4 Relation Between Pollution Out- and Indoors 105 3.3.5 Process-related Contaminants, Some Coming from Outdoors 105 3.3.5.1 Dust, Vapours, Smoke, Mist and Gaseous Clouds 105 3.3.5.2 Fibres 106 3.3.5.3 Ozone 107 3.3.6 Contaminants Emitted by Materials and Other Sources 107 3.3.6.1 (Semi) Volatile Organic Compounds ((S)VOCs) 107 3.3.6.2 Formaldehyde (HCHO) 108 3.3.6.3 Phthalates 108 3.3.6.4 Pentachlorophenol 109 3.3.7 Soil Linked Radon 109 3.3.8 Combustion Linked Contaminants 110 3.3.8.1 In General 110 3.3.8.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 111 3.3.8.3 Nitrous Dioxide (NO 2) 111 3.3.9 Bio-germs 111 3.3.9.1 Viruses 111 3.3.9.2 Bacteria 111 3.3.9.3 Moulds 112 3.3.9.4 Dust Mites 114 3.3.9.5 Insects 115 3.3.9.6 Rodents 115 3.3.9.7 Pets 115 3.3.10 Human Related Contaminants 115 3.3.10.1 In General 115 3.3.10.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) 116 3.3.10.3 Water Vapour 116 3.3.10.4 Bio-odours 116 3.3.10.5 Tobacco Smoke 116 3.3.11 Perceived Indoor Air Quality 118 3.3.11.1 Odour 118 3.3.11.2 Indoor Air Enthalpy 119 3.3.12 Sick Building Syndrome 120 3.3.13 Contaminant Control 121 3.3.13.1 In General 121 3.3.13.2 Minimizing the Emissions 121 3.3.13.3 Ventilation 121 3.3.13.4 Air Cleaning and Personal Protective Measures 130 3.4 Energy Efficiency 131 3.4.1 The Problem 131 3.4.2 Some Statistics 132 3.4.3 End Energy Use in Buildings 132 3.4.3.1 In General 132 3.4.3.2 Lighting and Appliances 133 3.4.3.3 Domestic Hot Water 135 3.4.3.4 Space Heating, Cooling and Air Conditioning 136 3.4.4 Space Heating, Steady-state 136 3.4.4.1 Terminology 136 3.4.4.2 Steady State Heat Balance at Zone Level 138 3.4.4.3 Whole Building Net Heating Balance 143 3.4.4.4 Annual End Energy Use for Heating 144 3.4.4.5 Protected Volume Seen as One Zone at Given Temperature 145 3.4.5 Simple Methods to Guess the Annual End Energy Use for Heating 145 3.4.5.1 When Predesigning Single-family Houses 145 3.4.5.2 Using Degree-days 145 3.4.6 Space Conditioning and Overheating, Non-steady-state Evaluation 146 3.4.6.2 Methodologies 146 3.4.6.3 Harmonic Analysis in Detail 148 3.4.6.4 Lines of Influence in Detail 154 3.4.6.5 Control Volumes in Detail (CVM) 156 3.4.7 Residential Buildings, Factors Shaping the Net Heating Demand 157 3.4.7.1 Overview 157 3.4.7.2 Outdoor Climate 157 3.4.7.3 Building Use 158 3.4.7.4 Building Design and Construction 166 3.4.8 Residential Buildings, Factors Fixing the Net Cooling Demand 175 3.4.9 Residential Buildings, Gross Energy Demand and End Use for Heating and Cooling 175 3.4.10 Residential Buildings Ranked in Terms of Energy Efficiency 177 3.4.10.1 Insulated 177 3.4.10.2 Energy Efficient 177 3.4.10.3 Low Energy 177 3.4.10.4 Passive 177 3.4.10.5 Nearly Net Zero (nZEB) 177 3.4.10.6 Net Zero (ZEB) 178 3.4.10.7 Net Plus 178 3.4.10.8 Energy Autarkic 178 3.4.10.9 Zero Carbon 178 3.4.11 Non-residential Buildings, From Net Demand to Primary Energy Use 179 3.4.11.1 In General 179 3.4.11.2 School Renovation as Exemplary Case 179 3.5 Durability 182 3.5.1 In General 182 3.5.2 Loads 183 3.5.3 Damage Patterns 184 3.5.3.1 Decrease in Thermal Insulation Performance 184 3.5.3.2 Decrease in Strength and Stiffness 185 3.5.3.3 Stress, Strain, Deformation and Cracking Induced 185 3.5.3.4 Biological Attack 188 3.5.3.5 Frost 190 3.5.3.6 Salt Attack 194 3.5.3.7 Chemical Attack 198 3.5.3.8 Corrosion 199 3.6 Economics 201 3.6.1 In General 201 3.6.2 Total and Net Present Value 201 3.6.3 Optimal Insulation Thickness 202 3.6.4 Whole Building Optimum 203 3.6.4.1 Methodology 203 3.6.4.2 Application 204 3.7 Sustainability 210 3.7.1 In General 210 3.7.2 Life Cycle Inventory and Analysis (LCIA) 211 3.7.2.1 Definition 211 3.7.2.2 Some Criteria 212 3.7.2.3 Total Energy Use 215 3.7.2.4 Recycling 216 3.8 High-performance Buildings 216 3.8.1 In General 216 3.8.2 Rationale Developed for Governmental Office Building 217 Further Reading 220 4 Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM) Metrics at the Building Assembly Level 229 4.1 Introduction 229 4.2 Airtightness 229 4.2.1 Airflow Patterns 229 4.2.2 Performance Requirements 231 4.2.2.1 Air In- and Exfiltration 231 4.2.2.2 Indoor Air Washing, Wind Washing and Air Looping 232 4.3 Thermal Transmittance 233 4.3.1 Definitions 233 4.3.1.1 Opaque Envelope Assemblies Above Grade 233 4.3.1.2 Floors on Grade as Three Dimensional Case 233 4.3.1.3 Other Three Dimensional Cases 235 4.3.1.4 Transparent Parts 235 4.3.1.5 Whole Envelopes 237 4.3.2 Basis for Requirements 238 4.3.2.1 Envelope Parts 238 4.3.2.2 Whole Envelopes 238 4.3.3 Examples of Requirements 238 4.3.3.1 Remark 238 4.3.3.2 Envelope Parts 238 4.3.3.3 Whole Envelopes 238 4.4 Transient Thermal Response 242 4.4.1 Properties of Importance 242 4.4.2 Performance Requirements 243 4.4.3 Consequences for the Building Fabric 244 4.5 Moisture Tolerance 245 4.5.1 In General 245 4.5.2 Construction Moisture 245 4.5.2.1 Definition 245 4.5.2.2 Performance Requirements 246 4.5.2.3 Consequences for the Building Fabric 246 4.5.3 Rain 248 4.5.3.1 In General 248 4.5.3.2 Performance Requirements 250 4.5.3.3 Modelling 250 4.5.3.4 Consequences for the Building Envelope 252 4.5.4 Rising Damp 256 4.5.4.1 Definition 256 4.5.4.2 Performance Requirements 256 4.5.4.3 Modelling 257 4.5.4.4 Avoiding or Curing Rising Damp 259 4.5.5 Pressure Heads 261 4.5.5.1 Definition 261 4.5.5.2 Performance Requirements 261 4.5.5.3 Modelling 262 4.5.5.4 Protecting the Building Fabric 262 4.5.6 Accidental Leakages 263 4.5.7 Hygroscopicity 263 4.5.7.1 Definition 263 4.5.7.2 Performance Requirements 264 4.5.7.3 Modelling 264 4.5.7.4 Consequences for the Building Fabric 265 4.5.8 Surface Condensation 265 4.5.8.1 Definition 265 4.5.8.2 Performance Requirements 265 4.5.8.3 Modelling 265 4.5.8.4 How to Avoid? 267 4.5.9 Interstitial Condensation 267 4.5.9.1 Definition 267 4.5.9.2 Modelling 267 4.5.9.3 Performance Requirements 275 4.5.9.4 How to avoid? 276 4.5.9.5 Remark 276 4.5.10 Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM) Modelling, All Moisture Sources Combined 277 4.5.10.1 Modelling 277 4.5.10.2 Performance Requirements 278 4.5.10.3 Why Full Models Still Have Limitations 279 4.5.10.4 Usability of Full HAM Tools 283 4.6 Thermal Bridging 287 4.6.1 Definition 287 4.6.2 Performance Requirements 288 4.6.3 Consequences for the Envelope 288 4.7 Contact Coefficients 288 4.8 Hygrothermal Stress and Strain 288 4.9 Transparent Parts: Solar Transmittance 289 4.9.1 Definition 289 4.9.2 Performance Requirements 290 4.9.3 Consequences for the Envelope 290 Further Reading 290 5 The Envelope Parts Heat Air Moisture (HAM) Performances applied to Timber-Frame 295 5.1 In General 295 5.2 Assembly 295 5.3 Performance Evaluation 296 5.3.1 In General 296 5.3.2 Airtightness 296 5.3.3 Thermal Transmittance 297 5.3.4 Transient Response 299 5.3.5 Moisture Tolerance 300 5.3.5.1 Construction Moisture 300 5.3.5.2 Rain 300 5.3.5.3 Rising Damp 301 5.3.5.4 Hygroscopic Moisture and Surface Condensation 302 5.3.5.5 Interstitial Condensation 302 5.3.5.6 More Advanced Modelling 308 5.3.6 Thermal Bridging 310 Further Reading 310 Appendix: Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM) Material Properties 311 A.1 Heat Related, Standard Values; Applicable In- and Outside of the Thermal Insulation 311 A.2 Heat Related, Standard Values; Differentiating Between In- and Outside of the Thermal Insulation 315 A.3 Air-Related, Measured Values 323 A.4 Water Vapour Related: Vapour Resistance Factor, Standard Values 331 Index 337

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Book SynopsisThis is the story of lightkeepers’ contributions to the natural history of lighthouses in conjunction with the history and maintenance of the manned navigation beacons – their primary function of course – ‘for the safety of all’. Since keepers were first engaged to maintain lighthouses around our coast they have encountered wildlife, and in some cases developed a keen interest and expertise on the subject. Towards the end of the nineteenth century keepers were encouraged to submit annual returns of bird movements enabling reports on bird migration and several authoritative books to be compiled. As a result, ornithologists began to recognise how many lighthouses were well-placed to establish bird observatories – a few were in redundant lighthouses, often on offshore islands. However, lightkeepers also recognised that in certain weather conditions and during migration times, flocks of birds were attracted to the beam, resulting in many fatalities. While the problem is now better understood and considerably reduced, the automation of all British lighthouses has resulted in there no longer being lighthouse keepers to monitor the situation and report bird, sea mammal, insect and bat movements. The Natural History of Lighthouses highlights the contribution made by lighthouse keepers over the last century or two to the study of natural history, and ornithology in particular. Much of this is discussed in the words of the keepers themselves, set in the context of lighthouse history. Scotland has an especially rich lighthouse tradition, mainly due to a dynasty of Stevenson engineers covering over a century, all of whom also had a profound understanding of weather and geology – and indeed natural history – so important in the placing of their lighthouses. Several redundant lighthouse buildings still function as bird observatories as well as wildlife viewpoints and study centres, museums, hotels, restaurants and private homes. The lanterns themselves are still maintained in this digital and satellite age, monitored remotely from a strategic control centre.Trade Review'...a collection of great stories about the life of the keepers, as well as references to the work of lightships and their crew. ...there are plenty of marvellous stories here. This well-produced book also contains some terrific photography.' Nautilus Telgraph

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Book SynopsisA completely updated guide to engineering and construction project managementThis up-to-date guide presents highly effective strategies for managing engineering and construction projects from the initial conceptual stage, to design and construction, all the way to completion. Reorganized to mirror the chronology of a real-world job, Project Management for Engineering and Construction: A Life-Cycle Approach, Fourth Edition addresses all phases of the project lifecycle. You will get field-ready tactics to manage the scope, budget, and schedule of a construction project, starting at the very earliest steps of the process.Coverage includes: Project initiation Preliminary development Work plan development Team selection and development Document control Early estimates Project budgeting Risk assessment and analysis Design proposals Project planning and scheduling Design c

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction2. Stresses and Strains3. Elastic Beams and Columns4. Inelastic and Composite Beams and Columns5. Temperature and Other Kinematic Loads6. Energy Principles7. Stability and Second-order Effects of Beams and Columns8. Basics of Vibration9. Statically Indeterminate Elastic-plastic Structures10. Plates11. Shells

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Book SynopsisBILL MOSLEY was formerly Senior Teaching Fellow at the School of Civil and Structural Engineering at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.RAY HULSE was formerly Associate Dean, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, UK.JOHN BUNGEY is Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Liverpool, UK.Trade ReviewOn the 6th edition: 'Reinforced Concrete Design is a well-written update to a popular text book. It is comprehensive and will be a useful resource for students and practitioners alike.' Civil Engineering 'Well written, well presented. Good use of worked examples.' Philip Garrison, Department of Civil Engineering, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK 'Nice book with good examples and illustrations. Liked by students.' Dr Messaoud Saidani, School of Science and the Environment, Coventry University, UK 'Excellent text for all levels of undergraduate reinforced concrete design courses.' Dr Clare Wood, Faculty of Engineering, Swansea University, UKTable of ContentsNotation Introduction to design and Properties of Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design Analysis of the Structure at the Ultimate Limit State Analysis of the Section Shear, Bond and Torsion Serviceability, Durability and Stability Requirements Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Column Design Foundations and Retaining Walls Prestressed Concrete Water Retaining Structures Composite Construction.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION 1 Computational Intelligence for Medical Internet of Things (MIoT): Current states and Challenges 1. AI and IoT working for healthcare: general aspects and application examples 2. AIoMT Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT): Applications, Challenges, and Future Trends 3. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Current Situation and Future Possibilities 4. Exploring the effectiveness of cloud, Internet of Things and fog computing for healthcare monitoring systems 5. Patients Using Real-Time remote Health Monitoring Applications: A review SECTION 2 Computational Intelligence for Medical Internet of Things (MIoT): Applications 6. A Review on The Application of The Internet of Things in Monitoring Autism and Assisting Parents and Caregivers 7. Regression Analysis of the Most Frequent Medical Diagnosis in a Mediterranean Country 8. A conceptual framework for Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT) 9. Framework for integrating healthcare Big Data using IoMT technology 10. Application of computational intelligence in visual optimization tools to improve the performance of medical MIoT platforms SECTION 3 Computational Intelligence for Medical Internet of Things (MIoT): Security and Privacy 11. Edge Intelligence Case Study on Medical Internet of Things Security 12. Data-driven Intelligent Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) Based Healthcare Solutions for Secured Smart Cities 13. A Secure and Efficient Two-factor Authentication Protocol for Body Sensor Networks 14. Pervasive M-health for Chronic Diseases 15. Hybrid Intelligence Based Cryptosystem: Security and Privacy Enhancement in Telemedicine System

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive reference provides thorough coverage of water and wastewater reclamation and reuse. It begins with an introductory chapter covering the fundamentals, basic principles, and concepts. Next, drinking water and treated wastewater criteria, guidelines, and standards for the United States, Europe and the World Health Organization (WHO) are presented. Chapter 3 provides the physical, chemical, biological, and bacteriological characteristics, as well as the radioactive and rheological properties, of water and wastewater. The next chapter discusses the health aspects and removal treatment processes of microbial, chemical, and radiological constituents found in reclaimed wastewater. Chapter 5 discusses the various wastewater treatment processes and sludge treatment and disposal. Risk assessment is covered in chapter 6. The next three chapters cover the economics, monitoring (sampling and analysis), and legal aspects of wastewater reclamation and reuse.This practical hanTable of ContentsChapter 1.General Aspects of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Chapter 2.Reclaimed Wastewater Quality: Criteria, Standards, and Guidelines, Chapter 3.Properties and Characteristics of Water and Wastewater, Chapter 4.Health Aspects of Using Reclaimed Water in Engineering, Chapter 5 Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Treatment Technology, Chapter 6 Risk Assessment in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Chapter 7 Economics of Water and Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Projects, Chapter 8 Reclaimed Wastewater Monitoring Sampling and Analysis, Chapter 9 Legal Aspects of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Chapter 10 Case Studies, Chapter 11 Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Research, Appendix, Index

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the ways in which aluminium and its alloys satisfy the requirements of civil engineering structures and the applications in which they compete with steel. The first edition has become known as an authoritative design reference book on the subject. As a result of the author's continuing research in the field, the new edition is thoroughly revised and updated.Table of ContentsPreface. List of symbols. Aluminium and its alloys. The structural material. Safety principles. Welded connections. Mechanical joints. Strength of structural elements. Stability of members. Stability of plates and shells. Fatigue design. Fire. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis classic text, now in its sixth edition, combines a thorough coverage of the basic principles of civil engineering hydraulics with a wide-ranging treatment of practical, real-world applications. It now includes a powerful online resource with worked solutions for chapter problems and solution spreadsheets for more complex problems that may be used as templates for similar issues.Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering is structured into two parts to deal with principles and more advanced topics. The first part focuses on fundamentals, such as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, pipe and open channel flow, wave theory, physical modelling, hydrology and sediment transport. The second part illustrates engineering applications of these principles to pipeline system design, hydraulic structures, river and coastal engineering, including up-to-date environmental implications, as well as a chapter on computational modelling, illustrating the application of computationalTable of ContentsPart 1 Principles and basic applications 1. Hydrostatics 2. Principles of fluid flow 3. Behaviour of real fluids 4. Flow in pipes and closed conduits 5. Open channel flow 6. Pressure surge in pipelines 7. Hydraulic machines 8. Wave theory 9. Sediment transport 10. Flood hydrology 11. Dimensional analysis and the theory of physical models Part 2 Aspects of hydraulic engineering 12. Pipeline systems 13. Hydraulic structures 14. Computational hydraulics 15. River and canal engineering 16. Coastal engineering

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Book SynopsisRailway Transportation Systems covers the entire range of railway passenger systems, from conventional and high-speed intercity systems to suburban, regional, operating on steep gradients, and urban ones. It also examines in depth freight railway systems transporting conventional loads, heavy loads, and dangerous goods. For each system, the text provides a definition; an overview of its evolution and examples of good practice; the main design, construction, and operational characteristics; and the preconditions for its selection. Additionally, it offers a general overview of safety, interfaces with the environment, forces acting on the track, and techniques that govern the stability and guidance of railway vehicles. This new edition brings two new chapters. One concerns pre-feasibility studies of urban rail projects, and the other analyses the operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena. New material examines dilemmas, Table of Contents1. The railway as a transport system. 2. Loads on track. 3. Behaviour of rolling stock on track. 4. Tramway. 5. Metro. 6. Monorail. 7. Automatic passenger transport railway systems of low- and medium-transport capacity. 8. Suburban railway. 9. Rack railway. 10. Cable railway systems for steep gradients. 11. Organisation and management of passenger intercity railway transport. 12. High-speed networks and trains. 13. Tilting trains. 14. Metric track gauge intercity railway networks. 15. Organisation and management of freight railway transport. 16. Heavy haul rail transport. 17. Operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena. 18. Railway safety. 19. Railway and the natural environment. 20. The research in the railway domain - Cutting-edge technologies in railways. 21. Applicability verification – A supporting tool for the conduction of feasibility studies of urban mass railway transportation systems.

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Book SynopsisThis completely updated and revised Second Edition of the popular Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates provides an important foundation for understanding dispersion modeling as it is being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette will help you determine the impacts of various sources of air pollution, including the effects of wind and turbulence, plume rise, and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations. Information is shown in summary graphs as well as in equations. The programs included on the diskette allow you to get the feel for the results you'll obtain through the input of various combinations of parameter values. The sensitivity of data to various parameters can be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the effect on the results. The book presents 37 example problems with solutions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations for many situations.Table of ContentsWorkbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates

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Book SynopsisThis book captures the path of digital transformation that the cement enterprises are adopting progressively to elevate themselves to Industry 4.0' level. Digital innovations-based Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are pertinent technologies for the cement enterprises as the manufacturing processes operate at very large scales with multiple inputs, outputs, and variables, resulting in the essentiality of big data management. Featuring contributions from cement industries worldwide, it covers various aspects of cement manufacturing from IoT, machine learning and data analytics perspective. It further discusses implementation of digital solutions in cement process and plants through case studies.Features: Present an up-to-date, consolidated view on modern cement manufacturing technology, applying new systems. Provides narration of complexity and variables in modern cement plants and processes. Discusses evolution of automation Trade ReviewEssential reference read unravelling the cement industry’s digital transformation A new publication providing an in-depth exploration of the digital transformation of cement production with practical insights for its application has been launched. Edited by Anjan Kumar Chatterjee and published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Intelligent and Sustainable Cement Production - Transforming to Industry 4.0 Standards is the perfect place to start in terms of understanding the potential for and means of the digital transformation of cement manufacturing technology. According to Dr Anjan Chatterjee, a renowned cement research scientist and corporate executive with over five decades’ experience in the Indian cement sector, a typical cement plant generates around 1bn data samples per year. Through the proper application of digital technologies, cement plants can transform their operational efficiency and, above all, operate sustainably. The digital transformation of the cement industry, Dr Chatterjee argues, is imperative if the industry is to increase output in line with world population needs, while remaining environmentally sustainable, which is to say limiting carbon emissions and other gaseous emissions while maximising resource conservation. “A paradigm shift is foreseen in the cement industry to make it intelligent and sustainable, which can only happen through digitalisation toward Industry 4.0,” he adds. Over 12 chapters, this essential reference explores the digital transformation of the cement industry along the journey to Industry 4.0, from cloud computing and storage to big data analytics, machine learning (ML) and other technologies deploying artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in digital twin technology and, ultimately, fully autonomous plants, is the ultimate goal – “but what is essential to achieve is sustainability and lower material footprint and significantly reduced carbon footprint,” says Dr Chatterjee. The contributions are practical and well informed, often drawing on direct experience of practitioners, including Holcim (Switzerland) and HeidelbergCement (Germany), and knowledge experts from equipment suppliers, including FLSmidth (Denmark) and KHD (Germany). It goes beyond the promotional announcements of cement producers and equipment suppliers to explore, systematically and in some depth, the cement industry’s progress towards digital transformation. Digital transformation will see cement plants data-driven, predictive and autonomous. This phase of industrial development is not an option but a requirement for the industry if it is to meet the demands of environmental sustainability, ensuring maximum efficiency, minimum pollution, and adequate resource conservation. “All in all,” concludes Dr Chatterjee, “the intelligent and sustainable production of cement is not a distant goal. The cement sector must achieve this objective sooner than later.” https://www.cemnet.com/News/story/172575/essential-reference-read-unravelling-the-cement-industry-s-digital-transformation.html Table of Contents1: Contemporary Cement Plants: Scale, Complexity, and Operational Variables. 2: Transforming Cement Manufacturing Through Application of AI Techniques - an Overview. 3: Process Automation to Autonomous Process in Cement Manufacturing – Basics of Transformational Approach. 4: Electrical Systems for Sustainable Production in Cement Plants: a Perspective View. 5: Data-driven Thermal Energy Management Including Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials Use for Sustainable Cement Manufacturing. 6: Control of Cement Composition and Quality – Potential Application of AI Techniques. 7: Asset Performance Monitoring and Maintenance Management in Cement Manufacturing. 8: Digital Twin and Its Variants for Advancing Digitalization in Cement Manufacturing. 9: Developments in Application of Sensors to Sustainable Manufacturing of Cement. 10: Integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (IERP) in Sustainable Cement Production. 11: Implementation of digital solutions in cement process and plants. 12: Technological Forecasting for Commercializing Novel Low-Carbon Cement and Concrete Formulations.

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The 2nd edition of Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and Design introduces readers to the fundamental concepts of wastewater treatment, followed by engineering design of unit processes for sustainable treatment of municipal wastewater and resource recovery. It has been completely updated with new chapters to reflect current advances in design, resource recovery practices and research. Another highlight is the addition of the last chapter, which provides a culminating design experience of both urban and rural wastewater treatment systems. Filling the need for a textbook focused on wastewater, it covers history, current practices, emerging concerns, future directions and pertinent regulations that have shaped the objectives of this important area of engineering. Basic principles of reaction kinetics, reactor design and environmental microbiology are introduced along with natural purification processes. It also details the design of unit processes for primary, secondar

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Book SynopsisAs usage of the NEC (formerly the New Engineering Contract) family of contracts continues to grow worldwide, so does the importance of understanding its clauses and nuances to everyone working in the built environment. Currently in its third edition, this set of contracts is different to others in concept as well as format, so users may well find themselves needing a helping hand along the way.Understanding the NEC3 ECC Contract uses plain English to lead the reader through the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contractâs key features, including: main and secondary options the use of early warnings programme provisions payment compensation events preparing and assessing tenders Common problems experienced when using the Engineering and Construction Contract are signalled to the reader throughout, and the correct way of reading each clause explained. The way the contract effects procurement processes, dispute resolution, project management, and risk management are all addressed in order to direct the user to best practice.Written for construction professionals, by a practicing international construction contract consultant, this handbook is the most straightforward, balanced and practical guide to the NEC3 ECC available. An ideal companion for employers, contractors, project managers, supervisors, engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, subcontractors, and anyone else interested in working successfully with the NEC3 ECC. Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction 1. Early Warnings 2. Design 3. Time 4. Testing & Defects 5. Payment 6. Compensation Events 7. Title 8. Insurance 9. Termination 10. Disputes 11. Tenders

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Book SynopsisWritten at a level that is accessible to students in all disciplines, Introduction to Environmental Management, Second Edition translates complex environmental issues into practical and understandable terms. The book provides students and practitioners an understanding of the regulations, pollutants, and waste management issues that can be applied in various related environmental fields and industries. This new edition is updated throughout and adds eleven new chapters, including coverage of water conservation, water toxins, measurement methods, desalination, industrial ecology, legal issues, and more. Features: Updated throughout and includes eleven all-new chapters Reviews the specialized literature on pollution prevention, sustainability, and the role of optimization in water treatment and related areas, as well as references for further reading Provides illustrative examples and case studies that complement the text throughout Includes ancillary exams and a solutions manual for adopting instructors This book serves as a complete teaching tool, offering a combination of insightful coverage, concise language, and convenient pedagogical features, and supplies practical guidance that will aid students and practitioners alike.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the underlying behaviour of steel and concrete bridge decks. It shows how complex structures can be analysed with physical reasoning and relatively simple computer models and without complicated mathematics.Trade Review"This is the second edition of a book which, since its first publication in 1976, has become one of the most widely used in bridge design offices...The first edition was the best book of its kind. The second edition is better." - New Civil Engineer"The first edition will be familiar to most bridge engineers, who will only need to be assured that the high standard set there has been maintained." - The Structural Engineer"This is the second edition of a book which, since its first publication in 1976, has become one of the most widely used in bridge design offices...The first edition was the best book of its kind. The second edition is better." - New Civil Engineer"The first edition will be familiar to most bridge engineers, who will only need to be assured that the high standard set there has been maintained." - The Structural EngineerTable of ContentsPreface. Structural forms and calculation methods. Beam decks and frames. Slab decks. Beam-and-slab decks. Multicellular decks. Box-girder decks. Space frame methods and slab membrane action. Shear lag and edge stiffening. Skew, tapered and curved decks. Distribution coefficients. Temperature and prestress loading. Harmonic analysis and folded plate theory. Finite element method. Stiffnesses of supports and foundations. Appendices. A: Product integrals. Functions of load on a single span. Harmonic components. B: Calculation of torsion constants for solid beams. Author index. Subject index.

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Book SynopsisModular construction can dramatically improve efficiency in construction, through factory production of pre-engineered building units and their delivery to the site either as entire buildings or as substantial elements. The required technology and application are developing rapidly, but design is still in its infancy. Good design requires a knowledge of modular production, installation and interface issues and also an understanding of the economics and client-related benefits which influence design decisions.Looking at eight recent projects, along with background information, this guide gives you coverage of: generic types of module and their application vertical loading, stability and robustness dimensional and spacial planning hybrid construction cladding, services and building physics Trade Review"The authors bring together expertise in modular design, light steel structural design and concrete structural design to create a comprehensive reference book for modular construction… With over 40 case studies… the authors demonstrate the perhaps surprising capacity for modular construction to be used to create diverse, flexible and adaptable designs that can respond sensitively to both site and function. Modular design and construction intensifies the normal relationship between architectural design, structural design, building physics, manufacturing processes, transportation requirements and installation strategies. Design in Modular Construction reflects this multidisciplinary design requirement by bringing together all these aspects in an accessible and holistic manner."—Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers "… a key reference for anyone involved in the design of homes and buildings using modular construction and for undergraduate and post-graduate education."—Civil Engineering Journal, October 2015 "This should be reference reading for all students of sustainable construction. It demonstrates the benefits in terms of fewer deliveries to site, the speed of construction and the lower amounts of embodied energy in modular construction, all of which are increasingly important in today’s resource stressed world. …This book fills a gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive overview for students and those designers new to the idea of building with modules, and provides sufficient examples and case studies for designers to start using the technology immediately in their work. …I recommend this book to every university that teaches structural design and architecture as required reading for students, and I recommend it to every architects practice as an introduction to the technology."––Rory Bergin, HTA Design LLP "This book provides an exciting panorama of design in modular const Table of ContentsIntroduction to modular construction. Types of steel modules. Precast concrete modules. Other types of modules. Introduction to planning of modular buildings. Housing and residential buildings. Hospitals and medical buildings. Schools and educational buildings. Specialist buildings. Hybrid modular construction systems. Acoustic insulation in modular construction. Structural design of light steel modules. Structural design of concrete modules. Cladding, roofing, and balconies in modular construction. Service interfaces in modular construction. Constructional issues in modular systems. Factory production of modules. Economics of modular construction. Sustainability in modular construction. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisAt some time 30% of the worldâs land mass was covered by glaciers leaving substantial deposits of glacial soils under major conurbations in Europe, North and South America, New Zealand, Europe and Russia. For instance, 60% of the UK has been affected, leaving significant glacial deposits under major conurbations where two thirds of the population live. Glacial soils are composite soils with significant variations in composition and properties and are recognised as challenging soils to deal with. Understanding the environment in which they were formed and how this affects their behaviour are critical because they do not always conform to classic theories of soil mechanics.This book is aimed at designers and contractors working in the construction and extractive industries to help them mitigate construction hazards on, with or in glacial deposits. These soils increase risks to critical infrastructure which, in the UK includes the majority of the road and raTrade Review"I know that this one is a book I shall acquire and use... it is a book that merits reading from cover to cover.It was a delight to see a book on engineering that recognizes the important role of geological processes in forming soils, therefore explaining their properties and behavior."-- Eddie Bromhead, retired professor and consulting engineer"This authoritative and well referenced book contains a wealth of information about glaciation, glacial geology and the engineering aspects of construction on and in glacial deposits."-- John Hudson, Imperial College, London and past president International Society of Rock Mechanics"I know that this one is a book I shall acquire and use... it is a book that merits reading from cover to cover.It was a delight to see a book on engineering that recognizes the important role of geological processes in forming soils, therefore explaining their properties and behavior."-- Eddie Bromhead, retired professor and consulting engineer"This authoritative and well referenced book contains a wealth of information about glaciation, glacial geology and the engineering aspects of construction on and in glacial deposits."-- John Hudson, Imperial College, London and past president International Society of Rock MechanicsTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction1.2 Glaciation1.3 Engineering glacial soils1.4 Glacial Soil 1.5 The evolution of glacial geology1.6 ‘The past is the key to the present‘1.7 ‘Glacial soils are the most variable of all soils’1.8 ‘We know more about the stars above us than the soils beneath our feet’ (Leonardo da Vinci, c 1600)1.9 ObservationsChapter 2 Glacial Geology2.1 Introduction2.2 Glacial Soils2.2.1 Facies2.2.2 Primary Deposits2.2.2.1 Subglacial Traction Till2.2.2.1.1 Glaciotectonite2.2.2.1.2 Deformation Till2.2.2.1.3 Lodgement Till2.2.2.1.4 Comminution Till2.2.2.2 Melt Out Till2.2.3 Secondary Deposits2.2.3.1 Glaciofluvial Deposits2.2.3.2 Glacial Sedimentation2.2.3.2.1 Glaciolacustrine Deposits2.2.3.2.2 Glaciomarine Deposits2.3 Glacial Landforms2.3.1 Subglacial Landforms Formed by Ice2.3.1.1 Drumlins2.3.1.2 Flutes2.3.1.3 Rogens (ribbed moraines)2.3.1.4 Erratics2.3.2 Subglacial Landforms Formed by Water 2.3.3 Ice Margin Moraines2.3.3.1 Push Moraines2.3.3.2 Dump Moraines2.3.3.3 Ablation Moraines2.3.4 Glaciofluvial Ice Marginal Landforms2.4 Glacial Land systems2.5 Glacial Dynamics2.5.1 Glacier Movement due to Substrate Deformation2.5.2 Sliding2.5.3 Friction and Sliding2.5.4 Erosion2.5.5 Deposition2.6 Subglacial Deformation2.6.1 Hydraulic Conditions2.6.2 Deformation2.6.3 Local Deformation2.7 ObservationsChapter 3 Ground Investigation 3.1 Introduction3.2 Design of a Ground Investigation3.3 Desk Study3.4 Site Reconnaissance 3.5 Preliminary Investigation3.6 The Main I

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Book SynopsisIncludes Case Studies from a Range of Event SitesIntroduction to Crowd Science examines the growing rate of crowd-related accidents and incidents around the world. Using tools, methods, and worked examples gleaned from over 20 years of experience, this text provides an understanding of crowd safety. It establishes how crowd accidents and incidents (specifically mass fatalities in crowded spaces) can occur. The author explores the underlying causes and implements techniques for crowd risk analysis and crowd safety engineering that can help minimize and even eliminate occurrences altogether. Understand Overall Crowd Dynamics and Levels of Complex StructureThe book outlines a simple modeling approach to crowd risk analysis and crowds safety in places of public assembly. With consideration for major events, and large-scale urban environments, the material focuses on the practical elemeTrade Review"Really excellent work. It does a good job of taking a very sophisticated topic and making it accessible for an educated reader."—Tracy Pearl, Florida International UniversityTable of ContentsIntroduction. Crowd risk analysis. Causality. Crowd science. Crowd and event modelling. Case studies and examples. Control room applications. The way forward. Appendices. Index.

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