Chemistry Books

Book SynopsisSpecialists in the field discuss the latest developments in particle size analysis, presenting an overview of state--of--the--art methodologies and data interpretation. Topics include commercial instrumentation, photon correlation spectroscopy, Fraunhofer Diffraction, field--flow fractionation, and detection systems for particle chromatography.Table of ContentsCommercial Instrumentation for Particle Size Analysis. The Application of Particle Characterization Methods to SubmicronDispersions and Emulsions. Particle Size Using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Application of Photon Correlation Function Profile Analysis toMolecular Weight Distributions of Polymers in Solution. Particle and Droplet Sizing Using Fraunhofer Diffraction. Particle Size Measurements from 0.l to l,000 um Based on LightScattering and Diffraction. Field-Flow Fractionation of Particles. Detection Systems for Particle Chromatography. Hydrodynamic Chromatography of High Molecular Weight Water-SolublePolymers. Appendix--Manufacturers of Instruments for Particle SizeAnalysis. Index.

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Book SynopsisProvides a sound theoretical basis for understanding chemical kinetics and its uses in studying drug stability. Treats the calculations, approximations, and estimates that are useful to the pharmacist in professional practice, and presents a collection of selected drug-stability data from the pharmaceutical literature. This Handbook makes accessible to the pharmacist much of the information necessary to make pharmaceutical decisions about drug stability. Changes in this edition include thorough revision of the chapter on oxidation, addition of a new chapter on solid-state stability, and a tripling of the number of stability monographs. All monographs figures have been redrawn, most of them from published data, and all sources are cited.Table of ContentsPRINCIPLES. Stability Calculations. Interpretation of Kinetic Data. Hydrolysis and Other Acyl Transfers. Oxidation and Photolysis. Solid-State Chemical Decompostion. Strategy and Tactics of Stability Testing. STABILITY MONOGRAPHS. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisElectroanalytical chemistry is the use of electrochemistry to make analytical measurements. Discussing the principles of electroanalytical chemistry, this text has clear summaries of each analytical technique and provides exercises.Trade Review"...this book is recommended for all those who wish to learn about the different electroanalytical methods..." (Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 40, NO. 23, December 3, 2001)Table of ContentsSeries Preface. Preface. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols. About the Author. Explanatory Forword. Introductory Overview and Discussion of Experiemental Methodology. Equilibrium Measurements: "Frustrated" Equilibrium with No Net Electron Transfer. Potentiometry: True Equilibrium and Monitoring Systems with Electron Transfer. Coulometry. Analysis by Dynamic Measurement, A: Systems Under Diffusion Control. Analysis by Dynamic Measurement, B: Systems Under Convection Control. Additional Methods. Electrode Preparation. Data Processing. Appendix A: Named Electoanalysis Equations Used in the Text. Appendix B: Writing a Cell Schematic. Appendix C: The Electrode Potential Series (Against the SHE). Responses to Self-Assessment Questions. Bibliography. Glossary of Terms. SI Units and Physical Contents. Periodic Table. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume covers reagent literature published between July 1981 and December 1982. It provides references to new reagents introduced during this period, as well as recent references to reagents included in previous volumes, focusing on reagents that open new vistas in organic synthesis.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Reagents (A to Z). Suppliers. Index of Apparatus. Index of Reagents According to Types. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe volumes of Organic Reactions are collections of chapters each devoted to a single reaction, or a definite phase of a reaction, of wide applicability. The material is treated from a preparative viewpoint, with emphasis on limitations, interfering influences, effects of structure and the selection of experimental techniques. Numerous detailed procedures illustrate the significant modifications of each method. Includes tables that contain all possible examples of the reaction under consideration.Table of ContentsAddition and Substitution Reactions of Nitrile-Stabilized Carbanions (S. Areniyadis et al.). Author Index, Volumes 1-31. Chapter and Topic Index, Volumes 1-31. Subject Index, Volume 31.

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Book SynopsisMore than any other branch of organic chemistry, synthesis has improved our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and transition of molecules. The availability of sophisticated tools and new techniques has made organic synthesis more challenging than ever for those in the field. This updated edition of the 1970 work highlights significant and intriguing synthetic achievements: their ingenuity in design, extent of stereochemical control, new reactions, and new reagents. Approximately 100 examples illustrate various aspects of organic synthesis, with particular emphasis on bond-making and bond-breaking, dissymetry, conformation, and stereoelectric considerations. Each describes the synthesis of a natural product or of an unusual or strained molecule. Numerous flow sheets and perspective structural formulas illustrate the force of arguments predicting the stereochemical outcome of important steps. Also included is a type-transformation index which highlights some less common reactionsTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: Adrenosterone. Adriamycine. Aflatoxines. Ajmaline. Aldosterone. B-Amyrine. Anguidine. Basketene. Benzene Dimer. Benzene Oxides. Benzvalene. Bicyclo [8.8.8]hexacosane, out-in, in-in. Biotin. Carpetimycin A. Catenane. Cecropia Juvenile Hormone. Cephalotaxene. Chaenorhine. Damsin. Delta Acid. Diamond Structures. Dihydromevinoline, Compactin. Dihydroperiphyllene. Elaiomycin. Elaiophylin. Epiandrosterone. Eriolanin. Erythromycin. Estrone. Fenestrane. Friedelin. Frullanolide. Garryine. Geissoschizoline. Gibberilic Acid. Helicenes. Hexaazabenzene. Histrionicotoxin. Hooplane. Iceane. Insulin. Iridomyrmecin. Iso-retronecanol. Kekulene. Kopsane. Lasalocid A. Leucotrienes. Lincosamine. Lipoic Acid. Marasmic Acid. Mavacurine. Maysine. Methelenomycin. Methynolide. Methmycin. Methynolide. Nenitzescu Hydrocarbon. Nonactin. Octalene. [5]Paracyclophane. Pentalene Dianion. Pentaprismane. Quinghaosu (Artemisinin). Quadrone. Quassin. Quinine. Reserpine. Retigeranic Acid. Rifamycine S. Sexipyridine. Showdomycin. Tetracyclines. Tetrahedrane, Tetra-t-Butyl. Thromboxane B2?. Vernelopin. Vermiculene. Verrucarol. Vinblastin, Vincristine. Vitamin A. Vitamin B12?. Zoanthocanthin. Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by Glenn T. Seaborg, Nobel Laureate and pre-eminent figure in the field, with the assistance of Walter D.Table of ContentsDiscovery (Synthesis) of New Elements. Chemical Properties. Nuclear Structure and Radioactive Decay Properties. Experimental Techniques. Nuclear Synthetic Techniques. Superheavy Elements. Presence in Nature. Practical Applications. Reflections. Appendix. Name Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe only self-contained modern laboratory manual for advanced undergraduate courses in instrumental analysis. Consists of over 50 experiments demonstrating the theory and practice of electrochemical methods, methods based on electromagnetic radiation, and separation methods.Table of ContentsELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS. Potentiometric Methods. Conductometric Methods. Controlled Potential Methods (Voltammetry). Electrolytic Methods and Controlled Current Methods. METHODS BASED ON ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. Analytical Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy. Absorption Spectroscopy of Electronic Transitions. Infrared Spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. SEPARATION METHODS. Gas Chromatography. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Other Separation Methods. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis practical handbook presents concise descriptions of the most commonly employed experimental techniques for studying reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry. For each technique, all necessary theoretical background is covered, and at least one example of its application----taken from the research literature----is described in detail.Table of ContentsPhilosophy. Isotopic Labeling. Chirality and Stereochemistry. Kinetics. Isotope Effects. Mechanisms of Acid-Base Reactions. Interpretation of Activation Parameters. Direct Detection of Reactive Intermediates. Detailed Case Histories. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisInternationally renowned specialists present a comprehensive survey of the latest advances in this area. The biosynthetic and structural relationships of these compounds are summarized and newly discovered alkaloids described. Discusses versatile biomimetic procedures as well as the pharmacology and clinical applications of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Botanical names of all plants cited have been extensively referenced.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Structural and Biosynthetic Relationships (R. Herbert). The Corynantheine-Heteroyohimbine Group (R. Brown). The Sarpagine-Ajmaline Group (J. Joule). The Strychnos Alkaloids (H. Husson). The Eburnamine-Vincamine Groupe (J. Saxton). The Bisindole Alkaloids (G. Cordell). Camptothecin (C. Hutchinson). Author and Subject Indexes.

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Book SynopsisCovering the developments in sensor technology and electronic sensing devices, this book provides aid for those wishing to use chemical and biosensors. It covers key features and subjects that include: sensors based on both electrochemical and photometric transducers; mass-sensitive sensors; thermal-sensitive sensors; and more.Trade Review"...It would be a valuable addition to university libraries..." (Chemistry in Britain, November 2002) "...a useful contribution to introducing the subject to a wider range of analytical scientists..." (Chemistry & Industry, 3 March 2003) “…covers a wide range of sensoring systems…accessible to a broad audience.” (Metrohm Information, Vol.33, No.2 2004)Table of ContentsSeries Preface Author's Preface Acronyms, Abbreviation and Symbols About the Author Introduction Introduction to sensors Sensors and biosensors - definitions Aspects of sensors Transduction Elements Electrochemical transducers - introduction Potentiometry and ion selective electrodes: the Nernst equation Voltammetry and amperometry Conductivity Field effect transistors Modified electrodes, thin film electrodes, microelectrodes and screen printed electrodes Photometric sensors Sensing Elements Introduction Ionic recognition Molecular recognition - chemical recognition agents Molecular recognition - spectroscopic recognition Molecular recognition - biological recognition agents Immobilisation of biological component Performance Factors Introduction Selectivity Sensitivity Time factors Precision, accuracy and repeatability Different biomaterials Different transducers Some factors affecting the performance of sensors Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors Potentiometric sensors - ion selective electrodes Potentiometric biosensors Amperometric sensors Conductometric sensors and biosensors Applications of FET sensors Photometric Applications Techniques for optical sensors Visible absorption spectroscopy Fluorescent reagents Indirect methods using competitive binding Reflection methods Light scattering techniques Mass Sensitive and Thermal Sensors The piezo-electric effect Surface acoustic waves Thermal sensors Some Specific Applications Determination of glucose in blood - amperometric biosensor Determination of ng levels of copper (I) in water using anodic stripping voltammetry using an electrode modified with a complexing agent Determination of several ions simultaneously - "the laboratory on a chip" Determination of ato-mole levels of trinitrotoluene (TNT) - antibody with a luminescent transducer Determination of flavanols in beers

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Book SynopsisDescribes methods in light of all of the European, US, and international (ISO) guidelines for QA of water analysis. This book tackles the problem of developing an international understanding for measurement and data collection. It gives an overview of: the purpose of water analysis; quality systems and quality control and others.Trade Review"...This is a timely publication and should assist all users and producers of water quality data ......" (Int Jnl of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Vol.82, No.10, 2002)Table of ContentsSeries Preface Preface The Framework of Water Analysis General Concepts of QA/QC-Definitions Sampling and Sample Handling Current Methods of Analysis Analytical Quality Control Reference Materials Reporting of Measurement Data Participation in Interlaboratory Studies Quality Systems Appendices Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisThis study focuses on the analytical aspects related to epidemiology, toxicology, sanitary, engineering and plant technology to provide an integrated and clear strategy for carrying surveillance, quality control and remedial measures.Table of ContentsSeries Preface. Preface. The Series Editor - Philippe Quevauviller. List of Contributors. Part One: Sanitary and Technical Aspects. Presence of Algae, Protozoa, Helminths in the Water Environment:Significance, Sanitary Implications and Preventive Measures (Kanitzand Franco). Water Potabilization Plant in the Presence of Algae, Protozoa andHelminths (Coccagna and Ziglio). Biological Methods in Managing Problems in Water Works andDistribution Systems (A. Sladeckova). Part Two: Algae and Helminths. An Overview of Counting Methods for Algae (G. Bowe). Extraction and Determination of Chlorophylls (G. Bowe). Phytoplankton Analysis Using Flow Cytometry (S. Sgorbati). Methods for Cyanobacterial Toxin Detection (Rapala andLahti). Hygiene and Health Aspects and Interpretation of Data Related tothe Presence of Helminths in Water for Human Consumption (L.Bonadonna and G. Bezziccheri). Part Three: Protozoa. Pathogenic Protozoa in Fresh and Drinking Water (D. Gold and H.Smith). An Overview of Concentraction Techniques for Giardia andCryptosporidium (E. Carraro). An Overview of Identification Methods in Use for Giardia andCryptosporidium (E. Carraro and F. Palumbo). Viability of Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts (J. O'Gradyand H. Smith). References. Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Organic Photochemistry John D.Table of ContentsWhat is Organic Photochemistry? Photochemistry of Alkenes and Related Compounds. Photochemistry of Aromatic Compounds. Photochemistry of Organic Carbonyl Compounds. Photochemistry of Other Organic Compounds. Index.

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Book SynopsisChemical Reactor Design and Operation K. R. Westerterp, W. P. M. van Swaaij and A. A. C. M. Beenackers Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratories, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands This is a comprehensive handbook on the design and operation of chemical reactors which are vital elements in every manufacturing process. The book offers an introduction to the modern literature and covers in depth the relevant theory of chemical reactors. The theory is illustrated by numerous worked examples typical to chemical reaction engineering practice in research, development, design and operation. The examples range from fine chemicals to large scale production and from water purification to metallurgical processes, commencing with simple homogenous model reactors and then moving to the complicated, multi-phase, heterogeneous reactors met with in reality. All the examples are based on the industrial experience of the authors. Much effort is dedicated to the behaviour of reacTable of ContentsPreface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the Student Edition List of Symbols Chapter I Fundamentals of chemical reactor calculations 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The material, energy and economic balance —Material balance —Energy balance —Economic balance 1.3 Thermodynamic data: heat of reaction and chemical equilibrium —Heat of reaction —Chemical equilibrium 1.4 Conversion rate, chemical reaction rate and chemical reaction rate equations —Influence of temperature on kinetics —Influence of concentration on kinetics 1.5 The degree of conversion —Relation between conversion and concentration expressions 1.6 Selectivity and yield —Selectivity and yield in a reactor section with recycle of non-converted reactant 1.7 Classification of chemical reactors References Chapter II Model reactors: single reactions, isothermal single phase reactor calculations II.1 The well-mixed batch reactor II.2 The continuously operated ideal tubular reactor II.3 The continuously operated ideal tank reactor 11.4 The cascade of tank reactors II.5 The semi-continuous tank reactor II.6 The recycle reactor II.7 A comparison between the different model reactors —Batch versus continuous operation —Tubular reactor versus tank reactor II.8 Some examples of the influence of reactor design and operation on the economics of the process —The use of one of the reactants in excess —Recirculation of unconverted reactant —Maximum production rate and optimum load with intermittent operation References Chapter III Model reactors: multiple reactions, isothermal single phase reactors III.1 Fundamental concepts —Differential selectivity and selectivity ratio —The reaction path III.2 Parallel reactions —Parallel reactions with equal order rate equations —Parallel reactions with differing reaction order rate equations —A cascade of tank reactors III.3 The continuous cross flow reactor system III.4 Consecutive reactions —First order consecutive reactions in a plug flow reactor —First order consecutive reactions in a tank reactor —General discussion III.5 Combination reactions —Graphical methods —Optimum yield in a cascade of tank reactors —Algebraic methods III.6 Autocatalytic reactions —Single biochemical reactions —Multiple autocatalytic reactions References Chapter IV Residence time distribution and mixing in continuous flow reactors IV.1 The residence time distribution (RTD) —The E and the F diagram —The application of the RTD in practice IV.2 Experimental determination of the residence time distribution —Input functions IV.3 Residence time distribution in a continuous plug flow and in a continuous ideally stirred tank reactor. IV.4 Models for intermediate mixing —Model of a cascade of N equal ideally mixed tanks —The axially dispersed plug flow model IV.5 Conversion in reactors with intermediate mixing IV.6 Some data on the longitudinal dispersion in continuous flow systems —Flow through empty tubes —Packed beds —Fluidized beds —Mixing in gas-liquid reactors References Chapter V Influence of micromixing on chemical reactions V.1 Nature of the micromixing phenomena —Macro or gross overall mixing as characterized by the residence time distribution —The state of aggregation of the reacting fluid —The earliness of the mixing V.2 Boundaries to micromixing phenomena —The model tubular and tank reactors —Boundaries for micromixing for reactors with arbitrary RTDs V.3 Intermediate degree of micromixing in continuous stirred tank reactors —Formal models —Agglomeration models —Model for micromixing via exchange of mass between agglomerates and their ‘average’ environment, the IEM model V.4 Experimental results on micromixing in stirred vessels V.5 Concluding remarks on micromixing References Chapter VI The role of the heat effect in model reactors VI.1 The energy balance and heat of reaction VI.2 The well-mixed batch reactor —Batch versus semi-batch operation VI.3 The tubular reactor with external heat exchange —Maximum temperature with exothermic reactions; para-metric sensitivity VI.4 The continuous tank reactor with heat exchange VI.5 Autothermal reactor operation —The tank reactor — An adiabatic tubular reactor with heat exchange between reactants and products —A multi-tube reactor with internal heat exchange between the reaction mixture and the feed —Determination of safe operating conditions VI.6 Maximum permissible reaction temperatures VI.7 The dynamic behaviour of model reactors —The autothermal tank reactor —Tubular reactor References Chapter VII Multiphase reactors, single reactions VII.1 The role of mass transfer VII.2 A qualitative discussion on mass transfer with homogeneous reaction —Concentration distribution in the reaction phase VII.3 General material balance for mass transfer with reaction VII.4 Mass transfer without reaction —Stagnant film model —Penetration models of Higbie and Danckwerts VII.5 Mass transfer with homogeneous irreversible first order reaction —Penetration models —Stagnant film model —General conclusion on mass transfer with homogeneous irreversible first order reaction —Applications VII.6 Mass transfer with homogeneous irreversible reaction of complex kinetics VII.7 Mass transfer with homogeneous irreversible reaction of order (1.1) with Al » 1 —Slow reaction —Fast reaction —Instantaneous reaction —General approximated solution VII.8 Mass transfer with irreversible homogeneous reaction of arbitrary kinetics with Al »1 VII.9 Mass transfer with irreversible reaction of order (1, 1) for a small Hinterland coefficient VII.10 Mass transfer with reversible homogeneous reactions VII.11 Reaction in a fluid-fluid system with simultaneous mass transfer to the non-reaction phase (desorption) VII.12 The influence of mass transfer on heterogeneous reactions —Heterogeneous reaction at an external surface —Reactions in porous solids VII.13 General criterion for absence of mass transport limitation VII.14 Heat effects in mass transfer with reaction —Mass transfer with reaction in series —Mass transfer with simultaneous reaction in a gas-liquid system —Mass transfer with simultaneous reaction in a porous pellet VII.15 Model reactors for studying mass transfer with chemical reaction in heterogeneous systems —Model reactors for gas-liquid reactions —Model reactors for liquid-liquid reactions —Model reactors for fluid-solid reactions. VII.16 Measurement techniques for mass transfer coefficients and specific contact areas in multi-phase reactors —Measurement of the specific contact area a —Measurement of the product kLa —Measurement of the product kGa —Measurement of mass transfer coefficients kL, kG VII.17 Numerical values of mass transfer coefficients and specific contact areas in multi-phase reactors —Fluid-solid reactors —Fluid-fluid (-solid) reactors References Chapter VIII Multi-phase reactors, multiple reactions VIII.1 Introduction VIII.2 Simultaneous mass transfer of two reactants A and A’ with independent parallel reactions A → P and A’ → X (Type I Selectivity) —Mass transfer and reaction in series —Mass transfer and reaction in parallel VIII.3 Mass transfer of one reactant (A) followed by two dependent parallel reactions A(+B) → P A(+B,B’) → X (Type II Selectivity) —Mass transfer and reaction in series —Mass transfer and reaction in parallel VIII.4 Simultaneous mass transfer of two reactants (A and A’) followed by dependent parallel reactions with a third reactant: A + B → P, A’ + B → X —Complete mass transfer limitation in non-reaction phase —One reactant mass transfer limited in non-reaction phase —One reaction instantaneous —Both reactions instantaneous —No diffusion limitation of reactant originally present in reaction phase —More complex systems VIII.5 Simultaneous mass transfer of two reactants (A and A’) which react with each other VIII.6 Mass transfer with consecutive reactions A → P → X (Type III Selectivity) —Mass transfer and reaction in series —Mass transfer and reaction in parallel VIII.7 Mass transfer with mixed consecutive parallel reactions —The system: A(1) → A(2); A(2) + B(2) → P(2); P(2) + B(2) →X(2) —The system: A(1) → A(2); A(2) + B(2) → P(2); A(2) + P(2) →X(2) —Complex systems References Chapter IX Heat effects in multi-phase reactors IX.1 Gas-liquid reactors —General —Column reactors —Bubble column reactors —Agitated gas-liquid reactors IX.2 Gas-solid reactors —Single particle behaviour —Catalytic gas-solid reactors —The moving bed gas-solid reactor —Thermal stability and dynamic behaviour of gas solid reactors IX.3 Gas-liquid-solid reactors References Chapter X The optimization of chemical reactors X.1 The object and means of optimization —The objective function —The optimization variables —Relation between technical and economic optima X.2 Optimization by means of temperature —The optimization of exothermic equilibrium reactions —Temperature optimization with complex reaction systems X.3 Some mathematical methods of optimization —Geometric programming —The Lagrange multiplier technique —Numerical search routines —Dynamic programming Pontryagin’s maximum principle References Author index Subject Index

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to NMR Spectroscopy R.J. Abraham, School of Chemistry, University of Liverpool J. Fisher, Biological NMR Centre, University of Leicester P. Loftus, Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Delaware, USA This book is a new, extended edition of Proton and Carbon 13 NMR by R.J. Abraham and P. Loftus.Table of ContentsThe Chemical Shift. Spin-Spin Coupling. The Analysis of NMR Spectra. Pulse Fourier Transform Techniques. Double Resonance Techniques and Relaxation Mechanisms. Multipulse NMR Techniques and Two-Dimensional NMR. Applications of NMR Spectroscopy. Problems. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisRepresenting major advances in this area of gas kinetics in the last twenty-five years, Unimolecular Reactions has been considerably rewritten to include important recent progress in both theory and experiment. New chapters cover the treatment of reactions with ''loose'' transition states, the Master equation, and the approximate forms of Statistical Adiabatic Channel Theory. Extensive illustrations highlight both established activation methods and newer techniques such as the use of infrared and UV lasers, overtone excitation, molecular beam experiments and mass spectrometric methods.Table of ContentsEarly Theories. Basic RRKM Theory. The Evaluation of Sums and Densities of Molecular Quantum States. Numerical Application of the RRKM Theory. Reactions with Loose Transition States. Master Equation Analysis of Collisional Energy Transfer. Approximate Techniques of Unimolecular Reactions. Energy Transfer. Kinetic Isotope Effects in Unimolecular Reactions. Experimental Data. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisMultivariate calibration is a valuable technique in the growing field of chemometrics, used to enhance the use of quantitive measurement data within chemistry. The text examines the practical use of this type of calibration in research, development and routine operations.Table of ContentsComputational and Statistical Problems and Tools. Methods for Calibration. Assessment, Validation and Choice of Calibration Method. Outlier Detection. Data Selection and Experimental Design. Pretreatment and Linearization. Multivariate Calibration Illustrated: Quantifying Litmus in Dirty Samples. References. Symbols and Abbreviations. Index and Cross Reference List.

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Book SynopsisHigh performance liquid chromatography is the most powerful of all the chromatographic techniques, often achieving separations and analyses that would be difficult or impossible with other forms of chromatography. This study and training text examines the concepts and techniques used in this field.Table of ContentsRetention and Peak Dispersion. Solvent Delivery and Sample Injection. Columns. Detectors. The Mobile Phase. Column Packings and Modes of HPLC. Method Development. Some Practical Aspects of HPLC. Some Additional Topics. Units of Measurement. Index.

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Book SynopsisAnalytical techniques based on separation processes, such aschromatography and electrophoresis, are finding a growing range ofapplications in chemical, pharmaceutical and clinical laboratories.The Wiley Separation Science Series provides the analyst in theselaboratories with well focused books covering individualtechniques, so that they can be applied more efficiently andeffectively to contemporary analytical problems. In biotechnology,biochemistry and molecular biology, the characterization andanalysis of biomolecules such as proteins, oligosaccharides andnucleic acids are of great importance. High performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) has become one of the key analytical tools inthese fields, providing rapid purification and quantitativeanalysis of biomolecules. High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Principles and Methods inBiotechnology covers the most important theoretical and practicalaspects of the application of HPLC to the biosciences, includingsample preparation, Table of ContentsIntroduction to Chromatography in Biotechnology (C. Simpson). The Principles of Separation by High Performance LiquidChromatography (R. Scott). Column Selection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography (R.Eksteen). Detection and Identification in Biochromatography (I. Krull, etal.). Sample Preparation (A. Rizzi & I. Maurer-Fogy). The Preparative HPLC of Biomolecules (G. Cox). The Application of HPLC for Nucleic Acid Analysis (J. Wages &E. Katz). High-pH Anion Exchange Chromatography of Recombinant GlycoproteinGlycans (R. Townsend). The Application of HPLC for Proteins (K. Benedek). Alternative Bioseparation Techniques (P. Righetti, et al.). Index.

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Book SynopsisPolymer Surfaces and Interfaces II W. J. Feast, University of Durham, Durham, UK H. S. Munro, Courtaulds Research, Coventry, UK R. W. Richards, University of Durham, Durham, UK This volume presents a collection of review papers, based on the ''Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II International Symposium'' which took place in Durham (UK), July 1991 Compiled here, the papers present an authoritative overview of current technology and research on polymer surfaces, by acknowledged experts in their specialist fields. Individual reviews cover analytical techniques, properties, reactions, modelling and synthesis of surfaces and interfaces. Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II will be of interest to polymer scientists, surface scientists, chemists, physicists and biologists, working in industrial and academic laboratories. Reviews of the previous volume ''Altogether a most useful addition to polymer science'' -- Physics Bulletin ''The book can be unreservedly recommended to chemists and materials Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Surface Chemistry of Chemically Resistant Polymers (T. Bee, etal.). Self-Assembled Molecular Films as Polymer Surface Models (D.Allara, et al.). Non-Equilibrium Effects in Polymeric Stabilization (M. Cates &J. Brooks). Ion Beam Analysis of Composition Profiles Near Polymer Surfaces andInterfaces (R. Jones). Laser Light Scattering (J. Earnshaw). Characterization of Interfaces in Polymers and Composites UsingRaman Spectroscopy (R. Young). SSIMS--An Emerging Technique for the Surface Chemical Analysis ofPolymeric Biomaterials (M. Davies). Scanning Probe Microscopy--Current Issues in the Analysis ofPolymeric Biomaterials (M. Davies, et al.). Acid-Base Effects at Polymer Interfaces (C. van Oss). References. Index.

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Book SynopsisPeptides are a class of compounds constructed from amino acids which exhibit a remarkable range of biological properties. Due to their medicinal properties, the study of peptides is an active area of current research. This book looks at the basic chemistry which governs peptides.Table of ContentsAmino Acids. Purification and Isolation of Peptides. Amino Acid Analysis. Sequencing. Synthesis. The Structure of LH-RH. Appendices. Index and Abbreviations.

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Book SynopsisAsymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products Ari Koskinen Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, Finland Natural product synthesis has played a key role in the development of many synthetic methods and will continue to do so in the future. Many recent advances in such diverse fields as immunology, cellular biology and materials science have been achieved through the synthetic chemist''s ability to construct often very complicated structures in one enantiomeric form. This book introduces the student to this rapidly growing field of organic chemistry. The first three chapters present the foundations of asymmetric synthesis, with Chapter 3 describing, in concise but clear rationalizations, the reasons for the major asymmetric transformations. Chapters 4 to 10 cover individual classes of natural products; their structures, biosynthesis and interrelationships as well as examples of asymmetric syntheses and the practical value of these compounds.Table of ContentsChirality, Topology and Asymmetric Synthesis. Asymmetric Synthesis. Carbohydrates. Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. Polyketides. Isoprenoids. Shikimic Acid Derivatives. Alkaloids. Subject Index. Index of Compounds.

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Book SynopsisLow shear polymer powder processing provides unique solutions to many processing problems and offers a set of production techniques, frequently un-paralleled by other production methods. In recent years there has been increased interest in this field but no comprehensive review of the subject has been available until now.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: POLYMER POWDERS. Polymers for Powder Technology (H. Ulrich). Particle Characterization (T. Meloy & M. Williams). Behaviour of Powders in the Bulk (J. Bridgwater). Mixing of Particulate Systems (N. Harnby). Heat Transfer in Particulate Systems (D-W. Sun & R. Crawford). PROCESSING METHODS OF PARTICULATE POLYMERS. Powder Coating (D. Richart). Sintering of Compacted Thermoplastic Powders (M. Narkis). Ram Extrusion of Particulate Polymers (N. Rosenzweig). SPECIAL EFFECTS BY STRUCTURING OF PARTICULATE SYSTEMS. Electrical Conductivity of Powder-Based Segregated Systems (M.Narkis). Powder Impregnation of Advanced Composite Materials (L. Drzal, etal.). SAFETY. Safety in Powder Handling (R. Prugh). Index.

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Book SynopsisLow Energy Ion--Surface Interactions Edited by J. Wayne Rabalais, University of Houston, Texas, USA Recent advances in experimental techniques and theoretical methodologies mean that increasingly detailed and sophisticated studies of state--or energy--selected molecular ions can now be performed. Each volume in this series will be dedicated to reviewing a specific topic, emphasizing new experimental and theoretical developments in the study of ions. This volume details the current understanding of Low Energy Ion--Surface Interactions, along with some of the novel applications. Each of the ten chapters is authored by active researchers in the field who are at the forefront of research in their particular areas. This up-to-date compilation, detailing developments occurring within the last five years, will be particularly useful to researchers and teachers involved with Low Energy Ion--Surface Interactions.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Quantitative Intensity Analysis of Low-Energy Scattering andRecoiling from Crystal Surfaces (R. Williams). Ion Scattering and Recoiling for Elemental Analysis and StructureDetermination (P. Bertrand & J. Rabalais). Theoretical Description of Charge Transfer in Atom-SurfaceCollisions (H. Shao, et al.). Electron Emission from Slow Ion-Solid Interactions (R.Baragiola). Scattering and Charge-Transfer Dynamics in Low- andHyperthermal-Energy Alkali-Ion-Surface Collisions (B. Cooper &E. Behringer). The Interaction of Molecular Ions with Surfaces (W. Heiland). Sputtering of Metals and Insulators with Hyperthermal Singly andDoubly Charged Rare-Gas Ions (P. Varga & U. Diebold). Film Deposition from Low-Energy Ion Beams (D. Marton). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years the use of liquid--liquid extraction equipmenthas attracted widespread interest from all major chemicalengineering, petroleum and pharmaceutical companies as well asuniversity-based scientists and engineers. Liquid--LiquidExtraction Equipment presents : * a critical analysis of all available information, includingpractical recommendations * new ideas on performance enhancement and equipmentselection * an up-to-date review of research results on equipmentperformance * illustrations of present understanding using well-knownequipment * a concise survey of past, present and forthcomingprocedures The combination of the historical aspects of the subject, withextensive references and illustrations, make this a uniqueinformation source. All researchers, in industry and academia,using this type of equipment will find Liquid--LiquidExtraction Equipment an authoritative reference work and a solidbasis for future research projects.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Historical Background (M. Hampe, et al.). Recommended Systems for Liquid Extraction Studies (H.-J. Bart, et al.). Rate Coefficients in Liquid-Liquid Extraction Systems (M.Slater). General Hydrodynamic Design Basis for Columns (T.Mí&sbreve;ek). Computational Procedures for Column Simulation and Design (L.Steiner). Population Balance Based Modelling of Solvent Extraction Columns(C. Gourdon, et al.). Packed Columns (G. Stevens). Rotating Disc Contactors (W. Korchinsky). Pulsed Sieve-Plate Columns (H. Haverland & M. Slater). Mixers (J. Godfrey). Gravity Settlers (S. Hartland & S. Jeelani). Centrifugal Extractors (E. Blass). Index.

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Book SynopsisRecent advances in both experimental techniques and theoretical methodologies have meant that increasingly sophisticated studies concerning the formation, structures, energetics, and reaction dynamics of state- or energy-selected molecular ions can now be performed. In order to better serve the ion chemistry and physics community, each volume of this series will be dedicated to reviewing a specific topic, emphasizing new experimental and theoretical developments in the study of ions. The Wiley Series in Ion Chemistry and Physics will help stimulate new research directions and point to future opportunities in the field of ion chemistry and physics. This fourth volume is devoted to developments associated with the high resolution study of molecular photoionization, presented from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. This field has been revolutionized in recent years through the rapid development of zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy, which is featured prominenTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: An Historical Introduction to Threshold Photoionization (T. Baer& P.-M. Guyon). High Resolution Spectroscopy with Photoelectrons: ZEKE Spectroscopyof Molecular Systems (K. Muller-Dethlefs). State-Resolved Photoionization Dynamics of Small Molecules UsingCoherent VUV Radiation (R. Wiedman & M. White). VUV-ZEKE Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Final-State Interactions inSmall Molecular Systems (F. Merkt & T. Softley). Rotationally Resolved Autoionization of Molecular Rydberg States(H. Lefebvre-Brion). Exploiting Polarization in the Study of Molecular PhotoionizationDynamics (K. Reid & D. Leahy). ZEKE Studies with Picosecond Lasers (J. Knee). Physics of Near-Threshold States in Molecular Hydrogen (E.Eyler). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisDealing with bulk and surface modifications, this book covers heterogeneous polymer reactions. Such reactions can yield very different products from the corresponding homogeneous reactions and are of great importance in polymer materials science today. The author combines the discussion of basic principles with outline of prospective developments leading to novel products and technologies. He concentrates on specific aspects common to heterogeneous polymeric reactions.Trade Review"This book represents a good introduction for students having completed an introductory polymer course as well as...readers taking an interest in polymer modification and processing." (Advanced Materials, Vol. 11, No. 2, January 1999)Table of ContentsKinetics and Mechanisms. Modification of the Bulk of a Polymeric Matrix. Macromolecular Modifications. Applications of Bulk-Modified Polymers. Surface Modifications. Surface Modification Procedures. Applications of Surface-Modified Polymers. Index.

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Book SynopsisOver the last three decades many fundamental problems relating to the chemical reactions of polymers have arisen. In this book three distinguished authors present for the first time a comprehensive, theoretical and experimental analysis of macromolecular reactions, summarising advances in the field. Designed as a guide for academics and for polymer chemists and physicists in industry, this will also be an invaluable textbook for post-graduates and students as it details the peculiarities of macromolecular reactions, the quantitative investigation of reaction kinetics, product structure and processes of chemical modification. The authors are all widely regarded as worldwide experts in this field.Table of ContentsProperties of the Products of Macromolecular Reactions as Functionsof the Units Distribution and Compositional Heterogeneity. Peculiarities of Macromolecular Reactions. Neighboring Groups Effect: Theoretical Approaches. Neighboring Groups Effect: Experimental Approaches. Configurational and Conformational Effects: QuantitativeApproaches. Interchain Effects. Intermacromolecular Reactions. Experimental Characterization of Units Distribution andCompositional Heterogeneity in the Products of Macro-MolecularReactions. Conclusions. Index.

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Book SynopsisProperties of Liquids and Solutions Second Edition J.N. Murrell A.D. Jenkins University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Properties of Liquids and Solutions, Second edition, is a fully revised and updated edition of this popular text, providing a broad coverage of the physics and chemistry of the liquid state.Table of ContentsThe Liquid State of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Theories and Models of the Liquid State. Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Liquids. Liquid Crystals--The Mesophase. Mixtures of Non-Electrolytes. Phase Diagrams for Multicomponent Systems. Polar Liquids. Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes. Chemical Equilibria in Solution. Solutions of Polymers. Liquid Interfaces and Adsorption Phenomena. Colloidal Systems. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisThermodynamics of irreversible Processes provides a thoroughtreatment of the basic axioms of irreversible systems and dealswith specific applications to diffusion of liquids and matter inflow. This volume will prove to be invaluable reading for anyoneworking in the field of irreversible phenomena. Thermodynamics ofIrreversible Processes, presents :- * A lucid review of classical thermodynamics * Rigorous derivations of the fundamental principles ofirreversible thermodynamics * In-depth studies of multicomponent diffusion, with applicationsto non-ideal systems * Thorough treatments of relaxation phenomena and linearviscoelasticity * An essential text for anyone working with irreversiblethermodynamics, rheology and multi-component mixtures Thermodynamics of irreversible Processes is the first advanced textdealing with the applications of irreversible thermodynamics tomulticomponent diffusion and viscoelasticity. Gerard Kuiken haswritten a book which will appeal toTable of ContentsThe Continuum View of Matter. Classical Thermodynamics. Basic Axioms of the TIP. Multicomponent Simple Fluids. Statistical Foundation of the Onsager Casimir Reciprocal Relationsfor Homogeneous Systems. Multicomponent Diffusion. Rheology. Appendices. Indexes.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisAn examination of the latest developments in solid surface photochemistry, which provides insights into research activities on light-initiated chemical reactions. The contributors describe their findings on surface molecules, such as zeolites, metals and metal oxides.Table of ContentsCharacteristics of Photoexcitation Processes on Solid Surfaces (K.Domen). Dynamics of Surface Photochemistry (F. Zimmermann & W.Ho). Excited State Chemistry of Organic Molecules Included with Zeolites(V. Ramamurthy). Photochemistry of Surface Species Anchored on Solid Surfaces (M.Anpo & H. Yamashita). Glossary of Symbols. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, organo-fluorine chemistry has made a marked impacton the design and synthesis of a large variety of biologicallyactive molecules, such as steroids, carbohydrates, amines, aminoacids, peptides and other natural products. Naturally occurringamino acids play a pivotal role in living systems, and thereforesynthetic fluorine-containing amino acids have been of significantinterest to researchers working towards the understanding andmodification of physiological processes. Fluorine-containing AminoAcids: * is the first volume devoted to the synthesis and properties offluorine-containing amino acids * pays special attention to the preparation of enantiomericallypure acids (which are essential to the modern pharmaceuticalindustry) * deals with a rapidly expanding field of research * has been written by experienced researchers who are responsiblefor many developments in the field * highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this topic Fluorine-containing Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Syntheses of Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids by Methods ofClassical Amino Acid Chemistry (V. Tolman). Preparation of Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids by Methods ofOrganofluorine Chemistry (V. Kukhar). Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids by Means ofHomogeneous Catalysis (I. Ojima & Q. Dong). Synthesis of beta-Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids (N. Sewald &K. Burger). Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids (V. Kukhar,et. al). Enzymatic Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids (Y.Matsumura & M. Urushihara). Enzymatic Resolution of Racemic Fluorine-Containing Amino Acids (T.Miyazawa). High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Fluorine-Containing AminoAcids (S. Galushko). Renin Inhibitors with Fluorine-Containing Amino Acid Derivatives(H. Sham). Index.

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Book SynopsisEach volume in this series focuses on selected areas and presents a collection of reviews which are fundamental to the further developments in the field. This book surveys the different classes of molecular assemblies which build molecular solids.Table of ContentsSelf-assembly of Surfactant Molecules on Solid Surfaces (A. Ulman). Design and Synthesis of Complex Conjugated Polymers (T. Swager). Zeolite as a Medium for Photochemical Reactions (V. Ramamurthy, et al.). Statistically Significant Conclusions from the Cambridge Structural Database (K. Wheeler). Strategies for the Design and Assembly of Hydrogen-bonded Aggregates in the Solid State (D. Chin, et al.). Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the means of mastering the use of reactions in a range of solvents (aqueous, non-aqueous, molecular organic and inorganic, ionized molten salts). It indicates how to optimize these processes and continues by discussing the possibilities of large scale exploitation of these techniques (up to industrial processes), notably in the field of extractive metallurgy. In addition, detailed characteristics of electrochemical phenomena are presented.Table of ContentsCONTROLLED USE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN SOLUTION--SELECTIVE BY APPLICATION MEANS OF AUXILLIARY REACTIONS. Quantitative Expression of the Effects of Complexation. Solubilisation and Insolubilisation-- Separation by Selective Dissolution or Precipitation. Oxidations and Reductions. Phase Transfer Reactions and Separations by Selective Extraction. REACTION MEDIA OTHER THAN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. Molecular Solvents--Effects of the Solvent on the Reactivity of Solutes. Reactions in Molten Salts. Appendices. Theoretical Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive survey of the entire field of catalysis in polymer synthesis covering the majority of essential aspects from basic organic, organometallic and bio-chemistry to industrial production. Particular emphasis is placed on precision polymerization, where the catalyst plays a key role in the fabrication of innovative polymers. Precision polymerization enables the production of polymers with precisely controlled structures, molecular weight, distribution and stereochemistry, free from defects.Table of ContentsTransition Metal Catalysis: Part 1. Transition Metal Catalysis: Part 2. Rare Earth Metal Catalysis. Radical Polymerization Catalysis. Anionic Catalysis. Cationic Catalysis. Enzymatic Catalysis. Polymerization Without Catalyst. Index.

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Book SynopsisMonosaccharides Their Chemistry and Their Roles in Natural Products Peter Collins University of London, UK Robin Ferrier Victoria University of Wellington, NZ An in-depth text for students starting their study of carbohydrate chemistry, Monosaccharides relates the vast field of carbohydrate chemistry to both synthetic organic chemistry and biological processes. The structures and reactions of monosaccharides are examined in detail and their applications in synthesis and as biologically active compounds are discussed and explained at length. This textbook, written by two well-known experienced teachers and researchers in carbohydrate chemistry, provides: * up-to-date coverage of this rapidly expanding and developing field * classification of monosaccharide reactions according to reaction site * treatment of monosaccharides as organic compounds with rationalized chemistry * more than 1000 references to the primary literature * a discussion of monosaccharides as componTable of ContentsPreliminary Matters--Structures, Shapes and Sources. Reactions and Products of Reactions at the Anomeric Centre. Reactions and Products of Reactions at Non-Anomeric Carbon Atoms. Reactions and Products of Reactions of the Hydroxyl Groups. The Chemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Non-Carbohydrate Compounds by Use of Monosaccharides. Natural Products Related to and Containing Monosaccharides. Appendices. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisAntimony, arsenic, bismuth, germanium, lead, selenium, tellurium and tin just some of the elements which, in trace amounts, have biological, environmental and technological importance.Table of ContentsFUNDAMENTALS AND GENERAL APPROACHES. Theory. Hydride Generation. Hydride Atomization. Interferences. General Assessment of Hydride Generation and AtomizationMethods. Other Volatile Compounds. METHODOLOGY AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS. Antimony. Arsenic. Bismuth. Germanium. Indium. Lead. Selenium. Tellurium. Thallium. Tin. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisOne of the most outstanding contributions of NMR to chemistry concerns the information which can be obtained at the molecular level as a result of the time-dependence of NMR spectra. The importance of this information is well illustrated by the large number of applications which have resulted from research in this field. To date, however, both the theory and its applications have only been available in widely scattered articles in the literature. Dynamics of Solutions and Fluid Mixtures by NMR is the first single volume giving a comprehensive coverage of time-dependent effects in NMR, and of the information which can be obtained by investigation of these phenomena. The ten chapters, all written by acknowledged experts in their respective fields, are arranged in a logical progression. The first three chapters give an overview of NMR spectroscopy and the fundamental aspects of molecular dynamics. Topics covered in later chapters include specific relaxation mechanisms, the use of field grTable of ContentsTimescales in NMR: Relaxation Phenomena in Relation with MolecularReorientation (D. Canet & J. Robert). Timescales in NMR: Nuclear Site Exchange and Dynamic NMR(J.-J. Delpuech). Nuclear Paramagnetic Spin Relaxation Theory: Paramagnetic SpinProbes in Homogeneous and Microheterogeneous Solutions (P.Westlund). Quadrupolar Probes in Solution (J. Grandjean & P.Laszlo). Solvent Exchange on Metal Ions: A Variable Pressure NMR Approach(U. Frey, et al.). Applications of Field Gradients in NMR (D. Canet & M.Decorps). Surfactant Solutions: Aggregation Phenomena and Microheterogeneity(B. Lindman, et al.). Polymers and Biopolymers in the Liquid State (M.Krajewski-Bertrand, et al.). Liquid-Like Molecules in Rigid Matrices and in Soft Matter (J.Cohen-Addad, et al.). Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduces a new, simplified classification for stereoselective reactions based on changes in the number of chiral centres taking place, emphasizing the three-dimensional representations of transition states in which stereoselectivity is determined.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Type 0 Reactions: Reactions in Which No New Chiral Centres Are Created. Type I Reactions: Those Proceeding with Either Inversion or with Retention of Configuration at a Single Chiral Centre. Simple Chirality Transfer Reactions: Those in Which a Single Chiral Centre Is Transferred with Concomitant Migration of One or More Double Bonds. Type II Reactions: Simple Diastereoselectivity in 1,2-Additions to Alkenes, Diels-Alder and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions and the ene Reaction. Type II Reactions: Occasional Diastereoselectivity. Type III Reactions: Those Involving Asymmetric Induction. Type III Reactions of Diastereotopic and Enantiotopic Atoms and Groups; Enzyme Catalysed Reactions. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume describes the principles of the formulation, manufacture and application properties of water-based "emulsion" paints and related surface coatings. These include inter alia gloss and anti-corrosion paints and electrocoating.Table of ContentsPreface. A Note on References. Patent Validity. Introduction. SURFACE COATINGS, DECORATIVE, FUNDAMENTALS AND RAW MATERIALS. Historical Introduction. Fundamental Formulation and Requirements. The principal constituents. General emulsion requirements. Plasticisation, including transient plasticisers. Corrosion resistance [storage]. Vinyl Acetate Polymers and Copolymers. Homopolymers; formulation. Paint formulation-general. Plasticiser variations. Vinyl acetate copolymer latices. Formulation of copolymer latices and paints. Chemically resistant copolymer latices. Vinyl acetate-olefin copolymers. Miscellaneous and crosslinking additives. Prepigmented latices. Acrylic Latices as Paint Media. General properties. Formulation modificcations. Acrylics with reactive groups. Technical latices. Manufacturing techniques for acrylic latex paints. Comparisons of vinyl ester/acrylic latices for latex paints. Hydrocarbon Polymer Emulsion Paints. Styrene latices. Styrene-butadiene copolymers. Vinyl Halide Polymers. Vinyl chloride-vinyl ester copolymers. Vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers. Polymers including fluorine. Miscellaneous and Crosslinked Polymers. 'Core-shell' type copolymers in emulsion. Emulsion Comparisons. Photochemical degradation. Pigments. Titanium dioxide. Zinc oxide. Lithopone and antimony oxide. Metallic aluminium pigments. The Principal Extenders. Formulation with extenders. Coloured Pigments. Universal Tinters. Dispersible pigment powders. Organic Extenders. EMULSION PAINTS-FORMULATION. Aspects of Emulsion Paint Rheology. Effects of surfactants. Dispersion and dispersing agents. General colloid effects. Viscosity. Thixotropy and related phenomena. Surfactant transfer. Foam control agents. Adhesion. Temperature Stability. Freeze-thaw stability. HIgh-temperature (tropical) stability. Film Formation. Film drying and pH effects. Water resistance of paint films. Efflorescence: lime staining. Specific claims to film formation. Microbiological Problems, Other Organic Growths and Remedies. Introduction. Microbiocides-general. Microbiocides-metal componds. Studies on fungicides and fungistats. Bactericides and bacteriostats. Some miscellaneous microbiocidal agents. Algae. Polymers with microbiocidal properties. Miscellaneous test. General papers. Undercoats, Primer-Sealers and Recoating Old Oil/Alkyd Paints. Vinyl acetate polymers. Acrylic copolymers. Paints including drying oil fatty acid derivatives. Gloss Emulsion Paints. Introduction and definitions. Rheology-flow and levelling. Pigments-flow and levelling. Film properties. Paint media-vinyl acetate polymer and copolymer latices. Acrylic copolymer latices. Vinylidene chloride copolymer latices. Core-shell and graft copolymers. Pigments-specific. Emulsion stabilisers and pigment dispersants. Additives for flow improvement. Mulitcoats. Thixotropy. Semi-gloss paints. Ambient crosslinking. Prepigmented latices. Polyurethane and silicone latices. General papers of interest. Emulsion Paints for Exterior Use. General requirements. Pigments and Extenders. Inclusion of associative thickeners. Exterior surfaces (except wood). Wood coatings. General. Specific problems and cures. Tests on wood coatings. Vinyl and acrylic formulations. Adhesion improvement. Emulsion Paints for Interior Use. Fire-Retardant Paints. Introduction-problems and general methods for fire retardancy. Studies and tests for fire retardance. Intumescent coatings. Emulsion Paints as Metal Coatings. The nature of the problem. Anticorrosive pigments. Miscellaneous metals and metal salts. Minerals and extenders. Prevention of migration of soluble iron salts-borates. Basic nitrogen compounds and amides. Miscellaneous additives. Specific emulsion types. Acrylic ester and acrylic ester-styrene latices. Coatings for automobiles. Unclassified. Vinyl acetate copolymers. Copolymers including ethylene. Paints containing a vinyl halide. Paints containing a silicone derivative. Strippable corrosion-resistant paint. An application trial. Incorporation of rust in films. Latices including cement. Coatings on aluminium, zinc and copper. Coatings on Cement and Building Boards. Cement and concrete coatings. Coatings for slate. Miscellaneous. Special Procedures. Coatings with gas and moisture barrier properties. Reconstitutable emulsions. Prepigmented latices. Removable coatings. Gelled water-based coatings. Paints derived from alkyds and miscellaneous macromolecules. Special Additions. Zirconyl and zinc compounds. Addition of barium compounds; effervescent pigments. Special Effects. Various patterned effects. Multicolour paints. Conductive paints. Artists' Paints. Conclusion. Appendix: The Testing of Emulsion Paints. Viscosity. Film application: fineness of grind. Scrub and wash resistance of paint films. Gloss; opacity. Differential thermal analysis (DTA). Adhesion tests. Some ASTM standard test methods. References. INDUSTRIAL FISHING. Introduction: Definitions. Water-based industrial finishes. Pre-treatment: acid etching of metal surfaces by wash primers. Combinations of Carboxyl and Aminoplast. Typical examples. Combinations of carboxyl, hydroxyl and aminoplast. Combinations of Carboxyl with Other Reactive Groups. Wire enamels. The Hydoxyl and Epoxide Groups. The hydoxyl group. Epoxide reactions. Hydroxyl reactions with di-isocyanates. Finishes Containing Acrylamide and its Derivatives. Introduction. Finishes containing acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide. Butoxy- and isobutoxymethacrylamide. Inclusion of epoxide groups. Other derivatives of acrylamide. Styrene-butadiene latices including acrylamide and derivatives. Finishes including vinyl chloride. Finishes including acrylamide derivatives and aminoplasts/phenoplasts. Theoretical investigations. Reviews. Finishes Including Dienes. Pre-application grain-boundary etch. Metal compound cure. Addition of acids. Grafted polymers. Blends with phenoplasts or aminoplasts. Miscellaneous additions. Self-Curing Coatings. Self-cure including silicates. Acrylic esters with unsaturated emulsifiers. Electroless (Auto) Deposition. Miscellaneous. Electrodeposition. Electrochemical principles and definitions. Fundamental studies and reviews. The electrocoating bath. The deposits. Technological improvements. Patented processes. Cathodic depostion. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume covers the principles and practices of latex-based systems in building and construction products, paper coating, textile treatment, polishes, leather finishing and many other specialized applications.Table of ContentsPreface. A Note on References. Patent Validity. Introduction. Applications of Synthetic Resin Latices in the Construction and Building Industries--Bonding and Sealants. Introduction. Adhesives and Sealants. Plasters and Hydraulic Binding Agents. Cement Additives. Formulations for Specific Applications. Latex-based Additivies for Cement Formulations. Cement-Free Compositions. Decorative Facings and Wall Coatings. Applications of Latices in the Paper Industry. General Introduction. Beater Addition. Impregnation of Paper. Paper and Paperboard Coatings. Wallpaper Coatings. Special Coatings and Effects. Methods of Paper Testing. Latices in Leather Finishing. General. Finishing. Leather as a Substrate. Leather Finishing Binders. Some Specific Formulations. Polymerisation in situ in Skins. Treatment with Non-vinyl Latex Dispersions. Binding of Leather Scrap with Latices. Test Methods. Applications of Polymer Latices in Manufacture and finishing of Textiles. Introduction. Warp Sizing. Sizing with Vinyl Latices. Finishing with Crosslinking Resins. Cationic Finishes. Treatment of Specific Fibres and Fabrics. Finishes for Specific Objectives. Fabric Laminating and Flocking. Latices in Non-Woven Fabric Manufacture. Carpet and Upholstery Applications. Pigment Dyeing and Printing. Coated and Impregnated Fabrics. Direct Fibre Spinning from Emulsions. Applications of Synthetic Resin Latices in Polishes. Introduction. Emulsion Polish Ingredients. Waxes, Natural and Synthetic. Alkali-Soluble Resins. Plasticisers and Levelling Agents. Minor Additives. Formulation of Polishes and Sealants. Polymer Latices with Metal-Based Crosslinking Agents. Acid-Removable Polishes. Miscellaneous Applications of Polymer Latices. Introduction. Applications as a Binder. Applications Related to Foods. Glass Fibre Treatment. Vibration Damping and Sound Deadening. Photographic and Copying Systems. Coatings for Synthetic Films and Sheets. Other Miscellaneous Applications of Latexes. Non-film-Forming Latices. Index.

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Book SynopsisApproaches the subject from the perspective of a chromatographer who needs to know enough theory to make the best use of a chosen technique. Emphasizes the actual application of the methods--not just the theories on which they are based. This edition features a number of advances in the field since publication of the first volume. These include new chapters on high resolution gas chromatography (GC), GC detectors and classification of GC. Self-assessment questions ensure full understanding of the concepts.Table of ContentsThe Fundamental Chromatograph. Packed Column Systems. Capillary Column Systems. Injection Systems for High Resolution Gas Chromatography (HRGC). Detectors. Data Handling Systems and Quantitative Analysis. Qualitative Analysis. Analysis of Less-Volatile Samples. Environmental Analysis Systems. Self-Assessment Questions and Responses. Units of Measurement. Index.

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Book SynopsisSpray atomization and deposition is a fast growing materials processing technique. Its development has encompassed process design, process modeling, new materials and automatic control.Trade Review"...[the authors] have presented the available information...in a cogent manner to make this excellent volume a a Hand Booka on the subject.." ----Journal of Materials Processing, Vol 99, 2000Table of ContentsOverview. Historical Perspective and Current Status of Development. Atomization. Heat Transfer and Solidification of Droplets. Deposition. Spray Deposition Processing of Composites. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Spray-depositedMaterials. Diagnosis and Characterization Techniques. References. Indexes.

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