Cellular biology (cytology) Books

Book SynopsisBiology and Physiology of the Osteoclast is a comprehensive volume thoroughly covering the field of osteoclast biology. The book features some of the latest work (much of which has never before been published) from internationally respected scientists in the field. It will be a significant reference volume for researchers interested in the broad field of bone metabolism, especially those in cell and molecular biology, dental science, endocrinology, hematology, orthopedics, and rheumatology.Table of ContentsExperimental Systems for Studying Osteoclast Biology (P. Osdoby, M. Krukowski, and P. Collin-Osdoby). Antigenic Markers of Osteoclasts (M.A. Horton and M.H. Helfrich). Acid Phosphatases (G. Andersson, B. Ek-Rylander, and C. Minkin). Ontogeny of the Osteoclast (P.J. Nijweide and R. de Grooth). Regulation of Osteoclast Development and Function (T.J. Chambers). Osteoclast Ultrastructure and Enzyme Histochemistry: Functional Implications (C.V. Gay). Systematic Factors Regulating Osteoclast Function (J.N.M. Heersche). Local Factors Regulating Osteoclast Function (G.R. Mundy). The Influence of Matrix Components on Osteoclasts (J. Glowacki). Signal Transduction Mechanisms in Osteoclasts (H.J. Donahue). Electrophysiology of Osteoclasts (S.M. SIms, M.E.M. Kelly, S.A. Arkett, and S.J. Dixon). Osteoclast Cytoskeleton and Attachment Proteins (A. Teti and A. Zambonin-Zallone). The Mechanism of Osteoclast Acidification (H.C. Blair and P.H. Schlesinger). Mechanism of Mineral Solubilization and Matrix Degradation in Osteoclastic Bone Resorption (J.-M. Delaissé and G. Vaes). Reactive Oxygen Species as Potential Mediators of Osteoclast Action (R.A. Greenwald and B.R. Rifkin). Osteoblast/Osteoclast Coupling (J.E. Puzas and M. Ishibe). Effects of Pharmacological Agents on Osteoclasts (P.H. Stern and P. Lakatos). Bisphosphonates (P.H. Schlesinger and H.C. Blair). . Mechanical Effects on Osteoclast Function (E.H. Burger). Osteopetrosis (L.K. Osier and S.C. MArks, Jr.). The Osteoclast in Paget's Disease of Bone (G. David Roodman). Index.

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Book SynopsisCell Interactions in Atherosclerosis covers the scientific foundations of the most important disease inflicting the developed world today. It presents a collection of topical aspects on the general theme of cell interactions in atherosclerosis, providing authoritative, up-to-the-minute accounts of how new developments in cell biology have advanced our understanding of these cellular interactions. The book is amply illustrated with electron micrographs and light micrographs incorporating modern cytochemical procedures. Cell Interactions in Atherosclerosis will interest all medical and scientific professionals dealing with atherosclerosis and heart disease.Table of ContentsConstituents of the Arterial Wall and Atherosclerotic Plaque: An Introduction to Atherosclerosis (Nicholas J. Severs and Horst Robenek). Three-Dimensional Organization of the Intima of Rabbit Aorta in Early Atherosclerotic Lesion Development as Viewed by Quick-Freeze, Deep-Etch Electron Microscopy (Joy S. Frank and Patricia F.E.M. Nievelstein). Renal Transplant Arteriopathy; Similarities to Atherosclerosis (Ekkehard Vollmer and Albert Roessner). Collagens and Collagen Synthesis in the Atherosclerotic Vessel Wall (Jürgen Rauterberg and Elisabeth Jaeger). Regulation of Biosynthetic Activity in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells by Extracellular Matrix Components (Michael Thie). Vascular Cell Responses to Injury: Modulation by Extracellular Matrix and Soluble Factors (Joseph A. Madri and Leonard Bell). Cytochemical Characterization and Mapping of Glycoconjugates in Arterial Tissues and Vascular Cell Cultures by Light and Electron Microscopy (Wolfgang Völker). Role of Modified Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis (Wulf Palinksi). Characterization of Lipoprotein Metabolism in Cells Isolated from Atherosclerotic Arteries (Olli Jaakkola). Endocytosis of Lipoproteins and Cholesterol Homeostasis (Horst Robenek and Nicholas J. Severs). c. 250 pp., 6-1/8 x 9-1/4, due September 1992, ISBN 0-8493-5505-2.FEATURES:

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Book SynopsisEpidermal Langerhans Cells focuses on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and the important role they play in the induction of contact hypersensitivity and graft rejection. This in-depth work discusses how these antigen-presenting cells are modulated by various physicochemical agents (such as UV light) and how they can be infected by the AIDS virus. It also reveals that cytokines mediate their development into potent T cell-stimulatory dendritic cells. This comprehensive review covers important experimental details and methods, and fascinating information on LCs. It also provides an overview of the immune system as it relates to the skin in health and disease. This up-to-date publication is an indispensable resource for all investigative and clinical dermatologists, as well as immunologists interested in antigen-presenting cells.Table of ContentsThe Fascinating Story That Began in 1868. Origin, Cell Lineage, Ontogeny, Tissue Distribution, and Kinetics of Langerhans Cells. Identification and Phenotype of Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Structural Organization and Biological Properties of Langerhans Cells. Enrichment of Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Langerhans Cells as Antigen-Presenting Cells. Langerhans Cells as Immature Dendritic Cells. Epidermal Cell Derived Secretory Regulins. The Influence of Ultraviolet Radiation and Other Physical and Chemical Agents on Epidermal Langerhans Cells. Tolerizing Versus Sensitizing Signals Derived from the Epidermis. Role of Langerhans Cells in Disease. Index.

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Book SynopsisImmune System Accessory Cells provides a comprehensive survey of all types of antigen-presenting and accessory cells. Macrophages are emphasized through descriptions of different types of endocytosis, other major properties, and all basic and new information concerning macrophages as antigen-presenting cells. Other topics covered include the impact of the immunodeficient state on accessory functions, the evolutionary emergence of accessory functions, and the role of various cell types in defense reactions in major assemblages of Metazoa. The book also presents a chapter describing the phylogenetic aspects of accessory functions, which traces the first accessory cells during the evolution of living matter.Immune System Accessory Cells is an excellent reference for immunologists, cell biologists, and others interested in developing an understanding of the roles of accessory cells in all facets of immune reactions.Table of ContentsEvolution of Immune Accessory Functions (P. Síma and V. Vetvicka). Ontogeny of the Stroma of Lymphoid Tissues (M. Holub). Endocytosis (V. Vetvicka). Antigen Processing (O. Werdelin and S. Mouritsen). Macrophages (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Antigen Presentation by Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Dendritic Cells as Accessory Cells (J. G. Tew, G.F. Burton, A. Masuda, Z.F. Kapasi, and A.K. Szakal). Langerhans' Cell Surface Molecules Involved in Accessory Functions (G.C. Mudde, T.T. Hansel, and C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen). The Dual Role of B Cells in Antigen Presentation: Induction and Regulation of Immune Responses (L. Leserman and J.-C. Grivel). Cell-Cell Interactions: In Situ Studies of Splenic Humoral Immune Responses (J.D. Laman, A.J.M. Van den Eertwegh, E. Claassen, and N. Van Rooijen). The Role of Accessory Cells in Positive and Negative Selection in the Thymus (P. Naquet and H. Lepesant). Function of Neutrophils in Host Defense and Immunity (G.D. Ross). Molecular Biology of Antigen Presentation (D. Gerlier, V. Calin-Laurens, P. Bertolino, and C. Rabourdin-Combe). Mediators Involved in Accessory Functions (U. Yamashita). Antigen Processing in B Lymphocytes: A Role for Stress Proteins (D.C. DeNagel and S.K. Pierce). Accessory Cells in Murine Immunodeficiencies (V. Vetvicka and L. Fornusek). Index.

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Book SynopsisCell Surface Carbohydrates and Cell Development summarizes knowledge on the structure and function of cell surface carbohydrates in development and differentiation. The chapters include reviews on the expression of cell type-specific carbohydrates and their roles in cell-cell interaction. In particular, the role of cell surface carbohydrates in immune cell response, malignant transformation, fertilization, and neural cell development are addressed. This includes the exciting discovery about the role of adhesive molecules in leukocyte-endothellium interaction.Cell Surface Carbohydrates and Cell Development also summarizes the latest knowledge on structure and biosynthesis of carbohydrates, the role of specific carbohydrate modification, and animal lectins. The book will be useful to researchers and students interested in the biology of glycoproteins and biotechnology.Table of ContentsStructure and Biosynthesis of Cell Surface Carbohydrates (Drs. Akira Kobata and Seiichi Takasaki). Role of Oligosaccharides in the Intracellular and Intracellular Trafficking of Mammalian Glycoproteins (Dr. Ajit Varki). LEC-CAMs (Selectins): Lectin-Like Receptors Involved in Leukocyte Recruitment (Dr. Lloyd Stoolman). Animal Lectin: Possible Role in Development (Dr. Richard D. Cummings). Cell Surface Carbohydrates in Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Malignancy (Dr. Minoru Fukuda). Changes in Glycosylation Associated with Malignant Transformation and Tumor Progression (Dr. James W. Dennis). Glycoconjugates in the Development of the Nervous System (Drs. Miyuki Yamamoto and Gerald A. Schwarting). Cell Surface Carbohydrates and Mammalian Fertilization (Dr. Paul Wassarman). Early Embryogenesis (Dr. Takashi Muramatsu). Proteoglycans in Development (Dr. Daniel D. Carson). Developmental Glycobiology of Dictyostelium discoideum (Dr. Hudson H. Freeze).FEATURES:

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Book SynopsisThis book provides valuable information for investigators interested in the signaling and regulatory functions of adenosine and the adenine nucleotides. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the historical development of research on adenosine and adenosine triphosphate; various aspects of the formation, metabolism, release, transport, and receptors for endogenous adenosine and the adenosine triphosphate; functions of purines at the cellular level; the role of adenosine in the regulation of flow in different vascular beds; and angiogenesis. The book also addresses the purinergic regulation of the cardiac, renal, gastro-intestinal, and central nervous system, as well as potential therapeutic avenues for purine use. The book will be valuable to physiologists, pharmacologists, and other basic and clinical scientists interested in updating their knowledge of the expanding biological roles of these substances.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Historical Perspectives-Adenosine (D.J. Cushing and S.J. Mustafa). Historical Perspectives-ATP (D. Satchell). PURINE RECEPTORS, METABOLISM, RELEASE, AND TRANSPORT. Adenosine Receptors: Ligand-Binding Studies (U. Schwabe). Adenosine Receptors, Adenylate Cyclase; Relationships to Pharmacological Actions of Adenosine (R.D. Green). Formation and Metabolism of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Cardiac Tissue (J. Schrader). Adenosine Deaminase Regulation of Purine Actions (J.D. Geiger, R.A. Padua, and J.I. Nagy). Nucleoside Transport in Cells: Kinetics and Inhibitor Effects (L. Hertz). Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Tissues and Perfusates (T.D. White and K. Hoehn). FUNCTIONS OF PURINES AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL. Adenosine, Adenine Nucleotides and Platelet Function (N.J. Cusack and S.M.O. Hourani). Purines and Inflammation: Neutrophils Possess P1 and P2 Purine Receptors (B.N. Cronstein). Adenosine and Immune System Function (T.S. Priebe and J.A. Nelson). Purinergic Regulation of Transmitter Release (J.A. Ribeiro). ADENOSINE AND BLOOD FLOW IN VASCULAR BEDS. Effect of Adenosine on the Coronary Circulation (M.G. Collis). Purinergic Control of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow (M.W. Gorman, S.S. Kelley, L. Kaiser, and H.V. Sparks). Adenosine and the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow (D.G.L. Van Wylen, V.M. Sciotti, and H.R. Winn). Adenosine and Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract (K.G. Proctor and B. Langkamp-Henken). Adenosine-Mediated Regulation of Hepatic Blood Flow (W.E. Lautt). Effects of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides on the Pulmonary Circulation (A. Hyman, B. Cai, C. Feng, Q. Hao, and H. Lippton). The Role of Adenosine in Angiogenesis (C.J. Meininger and H.J. Granger). ACTIONS OF ADENOSINE ON BODY SYSTEMS. Influence of Adenosine on Cardiac Activity (M.G. Collis). Adenosine Receptor Activation and Renal Function (W.G. Spielman). Purinergic Regulation of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion (M.A. Cook). Effects of Adenosine Infusion on the Cons

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Book SynopsisPresents an overview of the various approaches that have been used to visualize cells and molecules by MR imaging and illustrates their application and translation into clinical settings. This book examines the various contrast agents used, covers molecular imaging of genes and a range of disease states, and discusses cellular imaging.Table of ContentsContrast Agents for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Molecular MR Imaging, Cellular MR Imaging, Future Perspectives for Molecular and Cellular Imaging

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Book SynopsisIn the 40 years since the classic review of osmotic and ionic regulation written by Potts and Parry, there has been astonishing growth in scientific productivity, a marked shift in the direction and taxonomic distribution of research, and amazing changes in the technology of scientific researchIt is indicative of the growth of the subject that as time passes the number of authors needed to review the subject grows exponentially. The time is ripe for a new survey of the subject and Dr. Evans is to be congratulated on the expert crew that he has recruited.From the foreword by W.T.W. PottsOsmotic and Ionic Regulation: Cells and Animals not only fills a gap in the literature, but delineates the new approaches, outlooks, and findings that define how the field has changed. Providing the first comprehensive summary of the fundamentally important mechanisms of ionic and osmotic regulation in 40 yeaTable of ContentsSolutes, Solutions, and Membrane Transporters. Cell Volume Regulation. Protozoa. Mollusca. Annelids. Crustacea. Fishes. Amphibia. Reptiles. Birds. Mammals. Insects. Retrospectiv: What We Have Learned; What We Need to Know.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a detailed and comprehensive synthesis of the scientific study of aging. Dozens of contributions from leading scholars review various theories of aging, and molecular, cellular, biochemical and microbial aspects of aging, among just a few of the topics included. Authoritative, wide ranging and thorough, this book will act as a source for experimental design, a comprehensive description of age related diseases, and provide information of the latest molecular theories underlying their causes. Additionally, it will target industries involved in developing anti-aging drugs, post-graduate medical students, and university libraries.Table of ContentsWhat is aging. Biological theories of aging. Free radical theory. Mitochondrial dysfunction theory. Error catastrophe theory. Evolutionary theory of aging. Fading electricity theory. Quasi-program theory for aging. Multiple hormone deficiency theory of aging. Oxidation–inflammation theory of aging. Reproductive-cell cycle theory of aging. Telomeres and telomerase theory of aging. Markov Models of aging. Immunological theory of aging. Social theory of aging. Genetic program theory of aging. Psychological theory of aging. Healthy living and its effects on aging. Longevity in aging. Impact of climate on aging. Centenarians in Okinawa. Genetics of the population. Caloric restriction, healthy diet. Staying young at heart. Genetics of aging and longevity. Metabolic programming, exercise, caloric restriction and aging. Premature aging. Progeria and Werner’s syndrome. Stem cell aging in progeria. Oxidative and nitrosative stress and accelerative aging. Progeria: Genetics, and lamin disorder. Molecular aspect of aging. Hematopoietic stem cells aging. Immune system and aging. Sirtuins in aging and age related diseases. AMPK function in aging. Aging mechanisms and lipid changes. Biochemical aspects of aging. GABA(A) receptors in aging. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and aging. Autophagy and aging. Oxidation of potassium channels and aging. Proteins and lipids in aging. Spatial protein quality control and aging. Klotho protein and aging. Glutathione as antioxidant. Neuropeptide Y as an anti-aging agent. Adipokines and aging. Lamins and aging. Sestrins and aging. HDL metabolism and aging. Growth hormone and aging. DNA damage, repair and aging. DNA damage, repair and neurodegenerative diseases. yH2AX molecular marker for DNA damage and aging. DNA repair in organelles and aging. Transcriptional blocking and DNA damage in aging. Microbiota and aging. Neuroscience of aging. Thermal stress in human and aging. Age related diseases. Ischemic heart disease and aging. Endothelial and vascular aging. The aging heart. Age related eye disease. Age related inflammation and osteoarthritis. Aging and musculoskeletal health. Cancer and aging. Sexual health in aging. Sleep disturbance in aging. Anxiety in aging. Female sexuality and aging. Aging and circadian rhythm. Metabolic syndrome and aging. Environmental toxicants and aging. Stem cell and aging. Non-human models for aging studies. Aging modulation in multiple species. Mouse models. Murine genetic models. C. elegans model. S. cerevisiae model. Drosophila model. Pig model. Mammalian hibernation and aging. Neobiosis as a predecessor of mammalian hibernation. Chemosensory and chemosensory systems and aging. Molecular biology of freezing tolerance. Freezing susceptibility in arthropods. Proteomic approach to study mechanisms of aging. Therapeutic approach for facial aging. Integrative medicine research on aging population. Meditation and aging. Life after death: Fact or fiction.

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Book SynopsisStem Cell Research takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the topic of human embryonic stem cell research, starting with the breakthrough discovery up through the present day controversy. The book invites the reader to join the conversation by providing a well balanced approach to many of the issues surrounding the development of this controversial scientific field. It includes the thoughts and experiences of scientists, journalists and ethicists as it tried to approach the topic through a variety of different academic disciplines.The book will help the non-scientist understand the biology, research regulations and funding; and simultaneously it will help the scientist better comprehend the full spectrum of ethical, religious, and policy debates.Table of ContentsStem Cells and the Research Controversy. The Biology of Stem Cells. The Role of the Media. Regulation of the Research: Who Cares or Should Care. Who Pays for the Research: Public and Private Funding. The ethics of Stem Cell Research. Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisAlthough the amount of research on copper amine oxidases has grown rapidly and substantially in the past decade, the field unfortunately suffers from lack of cohesion and significant confusion surrounds aspects as simple as confirmation of enzyme identities. This book describes the structure of the enzymes, the role of copper, and of the unusual cofactor 6-hydroxydopa quinine derived from a posttranslational modification of a tyrosine residue. It also covers the differences of between AOs from bacteria, plants, and mammals. Finally, the text examines the importance of this ubiquitous class of enzymes in physiology and in metabolism of biogenic amines.Table of ContentsHistory. Nomenclature and Potential Functions of Copper Amine Oxidases. Cofactors of Amine Oxidases: Copper Ion and Its Substitution and the 2, 4, 5-Trihydroxylphenylalanine Quinone. Copper Amine Oxidases from Plants. Soluble Copper Amine Oxidases from Mammals. Membrane-Bound Copper Amine Oxidases. Copper Amine Oxidase Genes. Mechanism of TPQ Biogenesis in Prokaryotic Copper Amine Oxidase. Copper Amine Oxidase Crystal Structures. Plasma Amine Oxidases in Various Clinical Conditions and in Apoptosis. Copper Amine Oxidases in Intestine Diseases. Copper Amine Oxidases in Adipose Tissue-Related Disorders. Copper Amine Oxidases in Adhesion Molecules in Renal Pathology and in Alzheimer’s Disease and VAP-1 in Leukocyte Migration. Inhibitors of Copper Amine Oxidases: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacological Applications of Copper Amine Oxidases. Copper Amine Oxidases as Antioxidant and Cardioprotective Agents. Biotechnological Aspects of Copper Amine Oxidases. Concluding Remarks. References.

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Book Synopsis1. Gene Structure and Evolution.- 2. Effects of Steroid Hormones on Chicken Oviduct Chromatin.- 3. Estrogen Receptor Regulation of Vitellogenin Gene Transcription and Chromatin Structure.- 4. Ecdysterone, Ecdysterone Receptor, and Chromosome Puffs.- 5. Ecdysteroid Effects on the Cell Cycle of Drosophila melanogaster Cells.- 6. Structure and Function of Growth HormoneA Target for Glucocorticoid Action.- 7. Mechanism of Extinction of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Genes in Somatic Cell Hybrids.- 8. Studies of the Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Hormone Action.- 9. Corticosteroid Binder IB, A Potential Second Glucocorticoid Receptor.- 10. Functional Analysis of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Limited Proteolysis.- 11. Identification of the DNA-Binding Domain of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor A Subunit.- 12. Immunochemical Studies of Estrogen Receptor.- 13. A Comparison of Central and Peripheral Estrogen Targets.- 14. Biological Role of Type II Estrogen-Binding Sites and Steroid Hormone ActionTable of Contents1. Gene Structure and Evolution.- 2. Effects of Steroid Hormones on Chicken Oviduct Chromatin.- 3. Estrogen Receptor Regulation of Vitellogenin Gene Transcription and Chromatin Structure.- 4. Ecdysterone, Ecdysterone Receptor, and Chromosome Puffs.- 5. Ecdysteroid Effects on the Cell Cycle of Drosophila melanogaster Cells.- 6. Structure and Function of Growth Hormone—A Target for Glucocorticoid Action.- 7. Mechanism of Extinction of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Genes in Somatic Cell Hybrids.- 8. Studies of the Mechanism of Glucocorticoid Hormone Action.- 9. Corticosteroid Binder IB, A Potential Second Glucocorticoid Receptor.- 10. Functional Analysis of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Limited Proteolysis.- 11. Identification of the DNA-Binding Domain of the Chicken Progesterone Receptor A Subunit.- 12. Immunochemical Studies of Estrogen Receptor.- 13. A Comparison of Central and Peripheral Estrogen Targets.- 14. Biological Role of Type II Estrogen-Binding Sites and Steroid Hormone Action.- 15. Hormone Receptors and the Nuclear Matrix.- 16. Alpha-Protein: A Marker for Androgen Action in the Rat Ventral Prostate.- 17. How Changes in Cytosol and Nuclear Androgen Receptors Relate to the Testosterone Responses: Studies with New Exchange Assays.- 18. Modulation of Androgen Action in Rat Liver by Thyroid and Peptide Hormones.- 19. A New Class of 5?-Reductase Inhibitors.- 20. Comments on Steroid Hormone Action.

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Book SynopsisStructure of a human rhinovirus complexed with its receptor molecule.- Cascade regulation of vaccinia virus gene expression.- Regulation of alpha and gamma gene expression in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses.- Transcriptional activation by the adenovirus E1A proteins.- Mechanisms regulating nucleocapsid formation of the hepatitis B viruses.- Transcriptional activation by the hepatitis B virus X protein.- Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus structural protein expression and virion formation.- Transcription factors of the ETS family: The example of C-ETS1.- Infectious influenza viruses from cDNA-derived RNA: reverse genetics.- Structure and function of the vesicular stomatitis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.- RNA Synthesis and mRNA Editing in Paramyxovirus Infections.- Antigenic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus G Glycoprotein: Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance.- Translation regulation by reovirus structural proteins.- The regulation of Coronavirus gene expression.- Interaction of initiation factors and capsid protein with the cap structure of chimaeric MRNAS containing the 5? untranslated regions of the RNAS of semliki forest virus.- Aspects of the molecular biology of poliovirus replication.- 3CD Cleavage of the poliovirus P1 precursor: a model for complex proteinase/substrate interactions.- Studies on the mechanism of internal initiation of translation on poliovirus RNA.- Picornavirus Variation.- Modification of membrane permeability by animal viruses.- Miguel Angel Sanz and Ma José Ayala, Poliovirus neurovirulence and its attenuation.Table of ContentsStructure of a Human Rhinovirus Complexed with its Receptor Molecule; N.H. Olson, et al. Cascade Regulation of Vaccinia Virus Gene Expression; B. Moss. Transcriptional Activation by the Adenovirus E1A Proteins; B.A. Lewis, T. Shenk. Mechanisms Regulating Nucleocapsid Formation of the Hepatitis B Viruses; R. Bartenschlager, H. Schaller. Transcriptional Activation by the Hepatitis B Virus X Protein; R. Lucito, R.J. Schneider. Transcription Factors of the ETS Family; K. Macleod, et al. Structure and Function of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; S. Barik, et al. RNA Synthesis and mRNA Editing in Paramyxovirus Infections; J. Curran, et al. Translational Regulation by Reovirus Structural Proteins; A.J. Shatkin, et al. The Regulation of Coronavirus Gene Expression; S.G. Siddell. Aspects of the Molecular Biology of Poliovirus Replication; J. Harber, E. Wimmer. 9 additional articles. Index.

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Book SynopsisCytochromes are proteins that catalyze electron transfer reactions of well-known metabolic pathways and are classified in various superfamilies. The CYP, or P450, superfamily accounts for 90% of the oxidative metabolism of clinical drugs. One member of this superfamily, P450 2D6 (or CYP2D6), singlehandedly metabolizes about 25% of all medications in the human liver. Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Polymorphism reviews the current knowledge of CYP2D6 as well as the maturing body of evidence indicating its significance to clinical and pharmacological researchers and practitioners.This book focuses on the critical role CYP2D6 plays in the human liver. It examines the genetic, epigenetic, physiological, pathological, and structural factors of the gene that govern the highly variable metabolism of a number of drugs in clinical use. It highlights the impact of the functional roles of CYP2D6 on clinical practice and drug development and also dTable of ContentsIntroduction to Human Cytochrome P450 Superfamily. Mammalian CYP2D Members: A Comparison of Structure, Function, and Regulation. Substrates of Human CYP2D6. Inhibitors of Human CYP2D6. Regulation of Human CYP2D6. Structure and Function of Human CYP2D6. Clinical Pharmacogenomics of Human CYP2D6. General Discussion about Human CYP2D6.

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Book SynopsisArthropods are important to worldwide agriculture, food safety, human health, and energy production. Besides their practical significance, various species represent excellent model systems for biological investigations of evolution, development, physiology, reproduction, and social interaction. For these reasons, arthropod genomics is receiving increasing attention from researchers around the globe. Protocols for Cytogenetic Mapping of Arthropod Genomes is a collection of up-to-date, detailed protocols for physical chromosome mapping and their applications for studying genome organization and evolution in insects and ticks. This book brings together the expertise of cytogeneticists working on diverse groups of arthropods. Each chapter demonstrates approaches to tissue dissection, chromosome preparation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and imaging. The book is a timely and complementary effort to the i5K initiative, which will obtain whole-genome sequences foTable of ContentsTephritid Fruit Flies. Hessian Flies. Tsetse Flies. Mosquitoes. Beetles. Silk Moths. Parasitoid Wasps. Bedbugs. Aphids. Spittlebugs. Grasshoppers. Ticks. Index.

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Book SynopsisCell Membrane Nanodomains: From Biochemistry to Nanoscopy describes recent advances in our understanding of membrane organization, with a particular focus on the cutting-edge imaging techniques that are making these new discoveries possible. With contributions from pioneers in the field, the book explores areas where the application of these novel techniques reveals new concepts in biology. It assembles a collection of works where the integration of membrane biology and microscopy emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of this exciting field.Beginning with a broad description of membrane organization, including seminal work on lipid partitioning in model systems and the roles of proteins in membrane organization, the book examines how lipids and membrane compartmentalization can regulate protein function and signal transduction. It then focuses on recent advances in imaging techniques and tools that foster further advances in our understanding of signaling nTable of ContentsPart 1 Diffraction-limited microscopy. Part 2 Super resolution microscopy and advancements in probes and data analysis. Part 3 Protein and lipid nanodomains.

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Book SynopsisNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide affecting patients from all ages, races, and ethnic backgrounds. It comprises a spectrum of hepatic pathology ranging from simple steatosis, in which there is an increase of fat accumulation in hepatocytes, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. The significant prevalence of this diseasebetween 15 and 45 percent of the general populationmeans that it contributes to an increased burden of ill health both today and in the future.Liver Metabolism and Fatty Liver Disease addresses the current understanding of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as the clinical aspects of the disease by examining the current knowledge surrounding metabolism in the liver. The book discusses various topics including the involvement of oxidative stress, metabolic effects, and inflammation as well as the effect of nutrition on the development and progression of the disease.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Fatty Liver Disease and Consequences. Fatty Liver Disease and Consequences. Nutrition Role in Liver Protection and Damage.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on four of the hallmarks of aging: aspartic acid racemization, advanced glycation end products, telomere shortening and mitochondrial mutations; describing their role in aging and diseases; and their application to age-at-death estimation in forensic sciences in greater depth, displaying the interconnecting pathways among these processes. An additional chapter related to Epigenetics and its role in aging, diseases, and forensic age estimation is also included. This book is aimed at a broad audience: from students being introduced to aging, diseases, and forensic science research to scientists in biomedicine and forensics complementing their knowledge in their respective fields while also increasing their knowledge in other disciplines.Table of ContentsAspartic Acid Racemization. Introduction to Aspartic Acid Racemization. Aspartic Acid Racemization on Aging. Aspartic Acid Racemization and Aging in Cartilaginous Tissue. Racemization and isomerization of Aspartyl Residues in Amyloid Peptides Involved in the Development of Alzheimer´s Disease. Aspartic Acid Racemization: Applications to Forensic and Archaeological Age Estimation. Advanced Glycation Endproducts. Advanced Glycation Endproducts: An Introduction. Advanced Glycation and Aging. AGE-RAGE Axis in the Aging and Diabetic Heart: Prime Target for Adjunctive Therapeutic Intervention. Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Aging Skin. Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Neurological Diseases. Advanced Glycation Endproducts for Age at Death Estimation. Telomeres. Introduction to Telomere Biology. Role of Telomeres in Aging. Telomeres and Cardiovascular Disease: Facts, Controversies and Limitations. Telomeres in Cancer. Forensic Application of Telomere Shortening in Age-at-death Estimation. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations. Introduction to Mitochondria Biology. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Aging. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Mitochondrial Diseases. Reproductive Approaches to Prevent the Transmission of Mitochondrial Diseases. Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Neurodegenerative Diseases. An Overview of mtDNA Analysis for Age-at-death Estimation in Forensic Sciences. Epigenetics. Epigenetics: Its Role in Aging, Diseases and Biological Age Estimation.

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Book SynopsisMiniaturization in the fields of chemistry and molecular biology has resulted in the lab-on-a-chip. Such systems are micro-fabricated devices capable of handling extremely small fluid volumes facilitating the scaling of single or multiple lab processes down to a microchip-sized format. The convergence of lab-on-a-chip technology with the field of cell biology facilitated the development of organ-on-a-chip systems. Such systems simulate the function of tissues and organs, having the potential to bypass some cell and animal testing methods. These technologies have generated high interest as applications for disease modeling and drug discovery. This book, edited by Drs. Sean Murphy and Anthony Atala, provides a comprehensive coverage of the technologies that have been used to develop organ-on-a-chip systems. Known leaders cover the basics to the most relevant and novel topics in the field, including micro-fabrication, 3D bio-printing, 3D cell culture techniques, biosensor designTable of ContentsIntroduction. Microfabrication and 3D Bioprinting. 3D Cell Culture/Tissue Spheroids. Biosensors and Microelectronics. Microfluidics. Big Data/Predictive Analysis. Lab-on-a-Chip. Lung-on-a-Chip. Liver-on-a-Chip. Heart-on-a-Chip. Skin-on-a-Chip. Kidney-on-a-Chip. Body-on-a-Chip. Liver Cancer-on-a-Chip. Lung Cancer-on-a-Chip. Breast Cancer-on-a-Chip. Cancer Metastasis-on-a-Chip. Cancer Microenvironment-on-a-Chip. Disease Modeling. Toxicology Testing. Detection of Bioweapon Pathogens. Personalized Medicine.

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Book SynopsisMolecular Cell Biology of the Growth and Differentiation of Plant Cells encompasses cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation; which is the cellular basis of plant growth and development. Understanding these developmental processes is fundamental for improving plant growth and the production of special plant products, as well as contributing to biological understanding. The dynamics of cells and cellular organelles are considered in the context of growth and differentiation, made possible particularly by advances in molecular genetics and the visualization of organelles using molecular probes. There is now a much clearer understanding of these basic plant processes of cell division, cell enlargement and differentiation. Each chapter provides a current and conceptual view in the context of the cell cycle (6 chapters), cell enlargement (5 chapters) or cell differentiation (9 chapters). The book provides state of the art knowledge (and open questions) set outTable of ContentsTHE PLANT CELL CYCLE. Plant Cell Cycle Transitions. Discovering the World of Plant Nuclear Proteins. Plastid Division. Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Division. Mechanism of Organelle Inheritance in Dividing Plant Cells. Cell Division and Cell Growth. PLANT CELL ENLARGEMENT. Organization of the Plant Cell Wall. Biosynthesis and Assembly of Cellulose. Signaling - Dependent Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Plant Cell Growth. The Regulation of Plant Cell Expansion-Auxin-Induced Turgor-Driven Cell Elongation. How Plant Hormones and Their Interactions Affect Cell Growth. PLANT CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Cellular Dynamics of the Primary Shoot and Root Meristem. The Cell Cycle in Nodulation. Cellular and Molecular Features of the Procambium and Cambium in Plant Vascular Tissue Development. Asymmetric Cell Division in the Zygote of Flowering Plants: The Continuing Polarized Event of Embryo Sac Development. Plant Stem Cells. Transdifferentiation: a Plant Perspective. Genetic Reprogramming of Plant Cells In Vitro via Dedifferentiation or Pre-existing Stem Cells. Death and Rebirth: Programmed Cell Death during Plant Sexual Reproduction. Storage Cells – Oil and Protein Bodies.

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Book SynopsisMany of our current agricultural crops are natural or agricultural hybrids (between two or more species), or polyploids (containing more than one genome or set of chromosomes). These include potato, oats, cotton, oilseed rape, wheat, strawberries, kiwifruit, banana, seedless watermelon, triticale and many others. Polyploidy and hybridization can also be used for crop improvement: for example, to introgress disease resistance from wild species into crops, to produce seedless fruits for human consumption, or even to create entirely new crop types. Some crop genera have hundreds of years of interspecific hybridization and ploidy manipulation behind them, while in other genera use of these evolutionary processes for crop improvement is still at the theoretical stage. This book brings together stories and examples by expert researchers and breeders working in diverse crop genera, and details how polyploidy and hybridization processes have shaped our current crops, how these processes havTable of ContentsInterspecific Hybridization For Upland Cotton Improvement. Allopolyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization for Wheat Improvement. Potato Breeding through Ploidy Manipulations. Polyploid Induction Techniques and Breeding Strategies in Poplar. Musa Interspecific Hybridization and Polyploidy for Breeding Banana and Plantain (Musaceae). Strawberry (Plants in the Genus Fragaria). The role of polyploidization and interspecific hybridization in the breeding of ornamental crops. Polyploidy in maize: The impact of homozygosity and hybridity on phenotype. Broadening the genetic basis for crop improvement: Interspecific hybridization within and between ploidy levels in Helianthus. Crop Improvement of Phaseolus spp through Interspecific and Intraspecific Hybridization. Triticale. Polyploidy and Interspecific Hybridization in Cynodon, Paspalum, Pennisetum, and Zoysia. Interploid and Interspecific Hybridization for Kiwifruit Improvement. Oat Improvement and Innovation Using Wild Genetic Resources (Poaceae, Avena spp.): Elevating "Oats" to a New Level and Stature. Interspecific hybridization of chestnut. Use of Polyploids, Interspecific, and Intergeneric Wide Hybrids in Sugar Beet Improvement. Polyploidy in Watermelon. Optimization of recombination in interspecific hybrids to introduce new genetic diversity into oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Interspecific Hybridization for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Improvement.

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Book SynopsisAdenoviruses are double stranded DNA viruses that have been used to study the process of DNA replication. Studies of the mode of action of adenovirally produced tumors in rodents led to the discovery of tumour supressor genes. The adenoviral vector is now the most used vector in clinical gene therapy especially for some kinds of cancers. The chapters in this book focus on the most up-to-date developments in the therapeutic applications of adenoviruses. The intended audience is individuals in the Life Sciences interested in therapeutic applications of adenoviruses. This book reviews the life history and immune responses to adenoviruses and summarizes various therapies implemented with the use of adenoviruses.Table of ContentsAdenovirus Biology: Virus structure and life cycle. Immune responses to adenovirus. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors for gene and cell therapy. Genetic and capsid modified Adenovirus. Adenovirus for vaccination. FGAd and HDAd. Adenovirus vectors for cancer therapy. Adenovirus-based hybrid vectors. FDA expectations and requirements of adenoviral products.

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Book SynopsisThe global warming problem is becoming critical year by year, causing climate disaster all over the world, where it has been believed that the CO2 gas emitted from the factories and the burning of fossil fuels may be one of the reasons of global warming. Moreover, the global stock of fossil fuels is limited, and may run out soon within several tens of years. Although wind, geo-thermal, and tide energies have been considered as clean energy sources, those depend on the land or sea locations and subject to the climate change. Biofuel and biochemical production from renewable bio-resources has thus been paid recent attention from environmental protection and energy production points of view, where the current chemical and energy producing plants can be also utilized with slight modification. The so-called 1st generation biofuels have been produced from corn starch and sugarcane in particular in USA and Brazil. However, this causes the problem of the Table of ContentsBackground. Pretreatment of biomass. Transport of nutrients and carbon catabolite repression for the selective carbon sources. Catabolite regulation of the main metabolism. Metabolic regulation in response to growth environment. Metabolic engineering for the production of a variety of biofuels and biochemical. Biofuel and biochemical production by photosynthetic organisms. Systems biology approach and modeling. References. Appendix A.

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Book SynopsisThere is a documented link between fetal nutrition and the development of disease risk in adult life. Including the early postnatal period, during which a newborn continues to grow rapidly influenced by environmental factors, suggests that individuals are subject to risks for more than just the fetal period. Fetal and Early Postnatal Programming and its Influence on Adult Health focuses on interrelated aspects of cellular programming related to early nutrition and this potential global health problem.Table of ContentsHistorical Developments and Current Concepts. Historical Origin of David Barker’s Hypothesis on "Fetal Origins of Adult Disease" and Early Observations. The Maternal Resources Hypothesis and Childhood Obesity. Maternal Health and Fetal Programming. Calorie Deficiency and Fetal Programming. Protein Deficiency and Pancreatic Development. Placental Insufficiency (IUGR), Pancreatic Development, and Function. Regulation of GLUT4 in Muscle in IUGR Offspring. Maternal Obesity and Diabetes: Fetal Pancreatic Development. Hypothalamic programming (Non-Primate Model). Alterations in Circadian Rhythm. Role of High Fructose Diet on Fetal Programming. Transgenerational Effects on Programming. Early Postnatal Programming. Overnutrition and Hypothalamic Programming. Modified Milk Formula and Pancreatic Programming Environmental Chemicals. Human Studies on Programming. Maternal Obesity: Fetal Growth and Metabolic Health of the Offspring. Role of Vitamin Insufficiency in Fetal Programming: Pune-India Study. Role of the Immune System. Twin Study. Human Lactation Mother-Child Microbiomes. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Programming. Role of Non-Coding RNA. DNA Methylation. Paternal Health: Role of the Sperm Epigenome. Interventions. Maternal Dietary Modifications (PUFA, vit. D). Dietary Supplements (Nutraceuticals) on Lipid Profile. Antioxidant Supplement and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Dietary and Exercise Interventions.

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Book SynopsisThis new edition offers a clear and through examination of the most recent results of thirty years of research on calcium-activated-neutral protease (CANP or Calpain). Coverage includes the implications of the recently gained ability to produce functionally active recombinant calpain in various human disorders such as cerebal ischemia, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cataract formation, myocardial infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. The resulting research to find more selective calpain inhibitors is also discussed. With a copy of Calpain: Pharmacology and Toxicology of Calcium Dependent Protease you will better understand why the calpain research area is such an exciting and promising one.Table of Contents1. The Calpain Super Family Yasuko Ono, Hiroyuki Sorimachi and Koichi Suzuki 2. Structure of Calpastian and its Inhibitory Control of Calpain Emiko Takano and Masatoshi Maki 3. The Expression of Calpain in Bacteria and in Insect Cells John Elce 4. Structure and Assembly of the Calcium-Binding Domains of Calpain Sthanam Narayana, John Elce, Debashish Chattopadhyay, Guang-da Lin, Mike Carson, Helen Blanchard, Pawel Grochulski and Miroslaw Cygler 5. Calpain Substrates, Assay Methods, Regulation, and its Inhibitory Agents Kevin Wang and Po-wai Yuen 6. Calpain In Signal Transduction John Fox and Takaomi Saido 7. The Calpain System in Muscle Tissue Ahmed Ouali and Rong-Ghi Chou 8. Involvement of Calpains in Cell Cycle G-1 - to S-Phase Progression Ronald Mellgren, Wenli Zhang, Qin Lu and Richard Lane 9. Calpain in Excitotoxicity, Cerebral Ischemia and Neuronal Apoptosis Kevin Wang, Po-wai Yuen and Kevin Lee 10. The Contribution of Calpain Proteolysis to Neuronal Death Following Traumatic Brain Injury Ronald Hayes, Andreas Kampfl and Rand Posmantur 11. The Pathophysiological Role of Calpain in Spinal Cord Injury Naren Banik, Donald Shields, Swapan Ray and Edward Hogan 12. Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis of Neuronal Structural Proteins Rodney Guttmann and Gail Johnson 13. Calpain and Cerebrovascular Injury Sung-Don Kang, Adam Arthur, Elisa Beres, Andrea Fergus, Chris Boals, Murad Bavbek and Kevin Lee 14. Calpains in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Ralph Nixon and Panaiyur Mohan 15. Calpain and Apoptosis in the Immune System Margaret Squier and J. John Cohen 16. The Role of Calpain in Renal Proximal Tubular and Hepatocyte Injury Charles Edelstein and Robert Schrier 17. Calpains in the Lens of the Eye Thomas Shearer, Hong Ma, M.Shih, Chiho Fukiage and Mitsoyoshi Azuma 18. Calpain Activation and Expression in Toxicant Injury Susan Starcevic and Raymond Novak 19. Calpain 3 (p94) in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2A Isabelle Richard, Jacques Beckmann and Michael Fardeau 20. Genetic Analysis of Calpain Isoform Function in Skeletal Muscle: New Stratagies to Study Protease Function Bor-rung Ou, Jing Huang, Neil Forsberg, Mohammad Ilian and Dong-hyun Hong 21. Crustacean Calcium-Dependent Proteinases Jill Beyette and Donald Mykles 22. Calpains in Drosophila and Mammals: Structure and Implications in Neuronal Function Peter Friedrich, Peter Tompa and Gaspar Jekely. Azuma, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Japan, Naren Banik, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Murad Bavbek, University of Virginia, USA, Jacques Beckmann, CNRS URA 1922, France, Elisa Beres, University of Virginia, USA, Jill Beyette, University of Cincinnati, USA, Helen Blanchard, National Research Council, Canada, Chris Boals, University of Virginia, USA, Mike Carson, University of Alabama, USA, Debasish Chattapadhyay, University of Alabama, USA, Rong-Ghi Chou, National Chia-Yi Institute of Agriculture, China, J. John Cohen, University of Colordo Health Sciences Centre, USA, Miroslaw Cygler, National Research Council, Canada, Charles Edelstein, University of Colorado, USA, John Elce, Queens University, Canada, Michel Fardeau, Hospital Salpetiere, Andrea Fergus, University of Virginia, USA, Neil Forsberg, Oregon State University, USA, Joan Fox, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, USA, Peter Friedrich, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Chiho Fukiage, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Japan, Darrell Goll, University of Arizona, USA, Pawel Grochulski, National Research Council, Canada, Rodney Guttmann, University of Alabama, USA, Ronald Hayes, University of Texas - Houstan Health Centre, USA, Edward Hogan, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Dong-hyun Hong, University of Toronto, Canada, Jing Huang, Oregon State University, USA, Mohammad Ilian, Lincoln University, Gaspar Jekely, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Gail Johnson, University of Alabama, USA, Andreas Kamfl, University of Insbruck, Austria, Sung-Don Kang, University of Virginia, USA, Richard Lane, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Kevin Lee, University of Virginia, USA, Guang-da Lin, University of Alabama, USA, Qin Lu, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Hong Ma, Oregon State University, USA, Masatoshi Maki, Nagoya University, Japan, Ronald Mellgren, Medical College of Ohio, USA, Panaiyur Mohan, New York University Medical Centre, USA, Donald Mykles, Colorado State University, USA, Sthanam Narayana, University of Alabama, USA, Ralph Nixon, New York University Medical Centre, USA, Raymond Novak, Wayne State University, USA, Yasuko Ono, University of Tokyo, Japan, Ahmed Ouali, Station de Recherches sur la Viade, France, Bor-rung Ou, Tunghai University, China, Rand M. Posmantur, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, USA, Swapan Ray, Medical University of South Carolina, USA, Isabelle Richard, CNRS URA 1922, France, Takaomi Saido, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Japan, Robert Schrier, University of Colorado, USA, Thomas Shearer, Oregon Health Sciences University, USA, Donald Shields, Medical University of South Carolina, M. Shih, Oregon Health Sciences University, USA, Hiroyuki Sorimachi, University of Tokyo, Japan, Margaret Squier, University of Colorado Health Sciences Centre, USA, Susan Starcevic, Wayne State University, USA, Koichi Suzuki, University of Tokyo, Japan, Emiko Takanao, Kyoto National Hospital, Japan, Richard Taylor, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France, Valery Thompson, University of Arizona, USA, Peter Tompa, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kevin Wang, Warner Lambert Company, USA, Po-wai Yuen, Warner Lambert Company, USA, Wenli Zhang, Cornell University Medical College.

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes information on autofluorescence of plant secretory cells as a phenomenon and the possibilities of the practical use of light emission by cell biologists, biophysists, biochemists, botanists and ecologists.Table of ContentsAutofluorescence of Secretory Cells as a Phenomenon: Secretory Cells; Technique for the Study of Secretory Cell's Autofluorescence; Characteristics of Fluorescing Secretory Cells Autofluorescence of Specialized Secretory Cells: Secretory Cells in Spore-breeding Plants; Secretory Cell of Seed-breeding Plants Fluorescence of Secretions and their Individual Components: Spectral Analysis of Excretions and Extracts from Secretory Structures; Fluorescent Substances of Secretions Autofluorescence of Secretory Cells During their Development: Development of Unicellular Systems; Development of Complex Secretory Structures Fluorescence of Living Cells at Intercellular Contacts: Pollen-pistil Interactions. Contacts at the Fertilization; Interactions at the Allelopathy. Contacts between Cells from Different Plant Species Autofluorescence in Cellular Diagnostics: Express-microanalysis of the State and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites; Cell Viability and Compatibility; Autofluorescence in Diagnostics of Cellular Damage; Diagnostics of Cellular Processes on the Fluorescing Cellular Models; Fluorescence of Cells as Biosensors Bioindicator Reactions; Cytodiagnostics in Botanical Investigation and Education Individual Components of Secretions as Fluorescence Dyes and Probes: Interactions of Cells with Fluorescent Components of Secretions; Possible Mechanisms of the Emission of the Secretory Products at the Interaction with Living Cells

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Book SynopsisProtein transport into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is just one aspect of the general cell biology topic of intracellular protein sorting. This larger picture also includes protein transport into other organelles of the eukaryotic cell (chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisomes), protein export from bacteria, vesicular transport that delivers to its final destination most of what has been transported into the ER, and protein export from the ER that is associated with protein degradation (termed ERAD). Over the years, protein transport into the ER also has become part of the quest to understand the various roles of molecular chaperones under non-stress conditions and of the ribosomal tunnel exit as the decisive site for molecular triage of nascent polypeptide chains.Table of ContentsPreface 1. Post-Targeting Function s of Signal Peptides 2 . mRNA Translation on the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Kinetic Advantages to Protein Synthesis on the E R .3. Translocon Organization in Cells 4 . Structure of the Sec61 – Complex 5. Sec C o m p lex es in the Yeast ER 6. The Role of BiP and Its Co -Chaperones 7 Membrane Protein Biosynthesis at the Endoplasmic Reticulum 8 . Membrane Insertion of Tail-Anchored Proteins. 9. Human Pathologies of Protein Transport into the Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Book SynopsisDespite being known and studied for years, peptides have never before attracted enough attention to necessitate the invention of the term "peptidomics" in order to specify the study of the complement of peptides from a cell, organelle, tissue or organism. In Peptidomics: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers present a comprehensive range of analytical techniques for the analysis of the peptide contents of complex biological samples with an emphasis often on higher throughput techniques, suitable for the analysis of large numbers of peptides typically present in the peptidomes. Encompassing a number of species ranging from bacteria to man, the methods presented intensively cover topics such as organism handling, tissue and organ dissection, cellular and subcellular fractionation, peptide extraction, fractionation and purification, structural characterization, molecular cloning, and sequence analysis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Peptidomics: Methods and Protocols brings this ten year old field fully up-to-date in order to inspire novices and experts alike with the easy-to-follow practical advice needed to set up and carry out analysis of the peptide contents of complex biological samples.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“Peptidomics–Methods and Protocols focuses on high-throughput techniques for the analysis of peptidomes from a wide range of biological systems … . The procedures covered in this book encompass a number of model and non-model organisms, and most chapters have been written by distinguished researchers who have made major contributions to their respective fields. Peptidomics–Methods and Protocols is an indispensable reference book for specialists, but also an introductory work for newcomers to the rapidly developing discipline of peptidomics.”­­­ (Juan J. Calvete, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 398, September, 2010)“The editor and co-authors of this volume must be congratulated on a comprehensive collection of very diverse peptidomics protocols that serve as an excellent introduction for a novice in this field. At the same time, the book provides the expert researcher with highly detailed experimental procedures and practical advice for the analysis of complex mixtures of peptides from a variety of sources. I warmly recommend this book to anyone interested in the field of peptidomics.” (Christian A. Olsen, ChemBioChem, Vol. 11, August, 2010)Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1. Peptidomics: Divide et Impera Mikhail Soloviev Part II: From Bacteria to Men 2. Performing Comparative Peptidomics Analyses of Salmonella from Different Growth Conditions Joshua N. Adkins, Heather Mottaz, Thomas O. Metz, Charles Ansong, Nathan P. Manes, Richard D. Smith, and Fred Heffron 3. Approaches to Identify Endogenous Peptides in the Soil Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Steven J. Husson, Elke Clynen, Kurt Boonen, Tom Janssen, Marleen Lindemans, Geert Baggerman, and Liliane Schoofs 4. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Molluscan Neuropeptides Ka Wan Li and August B. Smit 5. Monitoring Neuropeptides in vivo via Microdialysis and Mass Spectrometry Heidi L. Behrens and Lingjun Li 6. Protocols for Peptidomic Analysis of Spider Venoms Liang Songping 7. Purification and Characterization of Biologically Active Peptides from Spider Venoms Alexander A. Vassilevski, Sergey A. Kozlov, Tsezi A. Egorov, and Eugene V. Grishin 8. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Approaches to the Characterization of Insect Neuropeptides Robert J. Weaver and Neil Audsley 9. Direct MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometric Peptide Profiling of Neuroendocrine Tissue of Drosophila Christian Wegener, Susanne Neupert, and Reinhard Predel 10. Direct Peptide Profiling of Brain Tissue by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Joachim Schachtner, Christian Wegener, Susanne Neupert, and Reinhard Predel 11. Peptidomic Analysis of Single Identified Neurons Susanne Neupert and Reinhard Predel 12. Identification and Analysis of Bioactive Peptides in Amphibian Skin Secretions J. Michael Conlon and Jérôme Leprince 13. An Efficient Protocol for DNA Amplification of Multiple Amphibian Skin Antimicrobial PeptidecDNAs Shawichi Iwamuro and Tetsuya Kobayashi 14. Combined Peptidomics and Genomics Approach to the Isolation of Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides Ren Lai 15. Identification and Relative Quantification of Neuropeptides from the Endocrine Tissues Kurt Boonen, Steven J. Husson, Bart Landuyt, Geert Baggerman, Eisuke Hayakawa, Walter H.M.L. Luyten, and Liliane Schoofs 16. Peptidome Analysis of Mouse Liver Tissue by Size Exclusion Chromatography Prefractionation Lianghai Hu, Mingliang Ye, and Hanfa Zou 17. Rat Brain Neuropeptidomics: Tissue Collection, Protease Inhibition, Neuropeptide Extraction, and Mass Spectrometric Analysis Robert M. Sturm, James A. Dowell, and Lingjun Li 18. Quantitative Neuroproteomics of the Synapse Dinah Lee Ramos-Ortolaza, Ittai Bushlin, Noura Abul-Husn, Suresh P. Annagudi, Jonathan Sweedler, and Lakshmi A. Devi 19. Peptidomics Analysis of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines Anne Fogli and Philippe Bulet 20. Peptidomics: Identification of Pathogenic and Marker Peptides Yang Xiang, Manae S. Kurokawa, Mie Kanke, Yukiko Takakuwa, and Tomohiro Kato Part III: Tools and Approaches 21. Peptidomic Approaches to the Identification and Characterization of Functional Peptides in Hydra Toshio Takahashi and Toshitaka Fujisawa 22. Immunochemical Methods for the Peptidomic Analysis of Tachykinin Peptides and their Precursors Nigel M. Page and Nicola J. Weston-Bell 23. Affinity Peptidomics: Peptide Selection and Affinity Capture on Hydrogels and Microarrays Fan Zhang, Anna Dulneva, Julian Bailes, and Mikhail Soloviev 24. In situ Biosynthesis of Peptide Arrays Mingyue He and Oda Stoevesandt 25. Bioinformatic Approaches to the Identification of Novel Neuropeptide Precursors Elke Clynen, Feng

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Book SynopsisAnalysis of Multifactorial Diseases examines the evidence of genetic factors that increase susceptibility to a range of complex diseases and describes the approaches taken to identify these genes. It reviews the successes and failures and examines whether there are any general conclusions to be drawn from this current range of approaches.Table of Contents1. Principles of Molecular Genetics. 2. Methods for Mapping Complex Disesases. 3. The design of Studies for Investigating Linkage and Association. 4. Genetic Susceptibility to Common Cancers: A Model for Genetics of a Complex Trait. 5. Genetic Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease. 6. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Maturity-onset Diabetes of th Young. 7. Type 1 Diabetes. 8. Bipolar Disorder. 9.Schizophrenia. 10. Atopy and Asthma. 11. Rheumatoid Arthritis. 12. Genes and Environment in Eating Disorders and Obesity.

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Book SynopsisMolecular Biology of Cancer has been extensively revised and covers heredity cancer, microarray technology and increased study of childhood cancers. It continues to provide a detailed overview of the process which lead to the development and proliferation of cancer cells, including the techniques available for their study. It also describes the means by which tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes may be used in the diagnosis and in determining the prognosis of a wide variety of cancers, including breast, genitourinary, lung and gastrointestinal cancer.Trade Review"...this structure is achieved without detriment to the content, as the information presented is clear and up-to-date with many references to 1996. Finally, for both those unfamiliar with the field and those who have fallen behind in their reading, thisTable of Contents1. General Principles 2. Oncogenes 3. Tumor Suppressor Genes 4. Cell Cycle Control Genes and Mismatch Repair Genes 5. Heredity Cancers 6. Lung Cancer 7. Colorectal Cancer 8. Gastrointestinal Cancer 9. Breast Cancer 10. Genitourinary Cancer 11. Leukemia and Lymphoma 12. Childhood Solid Tumors 13. Therapeutic Applications 14. Molecular Techniques for Analysis of Genes

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Book SynopsisSince the first successful isolation and cultivation of human embryonic stem cells at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1998, there has been high levels of both interest and controversy in this area of research.This book provides a concise overview of an exciting field, covering the characteristics of both human embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells from other human cell lineages. The following chapters describe state-of-the-art differentiation and characterization of specific ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-derived lineages from human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing how these can be used to study human developmental mechanisms. A further chapter discusses genetic manipulation of human ES cells. The concluding section covers therapeutic applications of human ES cells, as well as addressing the ethical and legal issues that this research have raised.Trade ReviewThe book provides an outstanding introduction to embryonic stem cell research...The book includes an excellent mix of photomicrographs and diagrams as well as a few color plates...This is a well-written and easy-to-read, compact book. The editors have brought together outstanding experts and assembled a nice cross-sectional view of this enlarging field - Doody's Listings and Reviews This book will be of tremendous help to those who have already started, or soon will start, a journey into the murky waters of stem-cell research - The New England Journal of Medicine, 354: 1, Jan 06Table of Contents1. Biology of Embryonic Stem Cells 2. Characteristics of Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Embryonal Carcinoma Cells and Embryonic Germ Cells 3. Adult Stem Cell Plasticity 4. Human and Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Lines: Windows to Early Mammalian Development 5. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Multilineage Differentiation to Mesoderm Lineages 6. Trophoblast Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells 7. Current and Future Prospects for Hematopoiesis Studies using Human Embryonic Stem Cells 8. Derivation of Endothelial Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells 9. Neural Specification from Human Embryonic Stem Cells 10. Modeling Islet Development through Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation 11. Cardiomyocyte Differentiation in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Progeny 12. Genetic Engineering of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 13. ES Cells for Transplantation: Coping with Immunity 14. Clinical Applications for Human ES Cells 15. Production of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Cellular Product for Therapeutic Use 16. Ethical and Policy Considerations in Embryonic Stem Cell Research 17. Legal Framework Pertaining to Research Creating or Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells 18. Genomic Approaches to Stem Cell Biology 18. Genomic Approaches to Stem Cell Biology 19. Proteomics and Embryonic Stem Cells

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Book SynopsisGene Targeting and Embryonic Stem Cells is a practical guide designed for the rapidly growing number of researchers who are moving into this field. Provides details on how to culture, transfect and differentiate established cell lines, and how to isolate new cell lines. Gene targeting experiments are described for a number of cell types, including ungulate fetal fibroblasts, murine ES cells, human embryonal carinoma cells and human ES cells, and include protocols for gene-targeting vectors, DNA transfection and RNA interference. The recent isolation of human embryonic stem cells and the potential of these cells for therapeutic applications has generated an entirely new methodology. Similarly, gene targeting methodology has recently been extended to nuclear donor cells in ungulate species. This volume will be invaluable for both new and established researchers in the field of human embryonic stem cells, and to biotech companies engaged in the production of transgenic proteins in livestock, xenotransplantation and the development of animal models.Table of Contents1. An Overview of Gene Targeting and Stem Cells 2. Advances in Gene Targeting in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells 3. Nuclear Transfer with Murine ES Cells 4. Gene Targeting in Sheep 5. RNA Interference 6. Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells: Surrogate Tools in the Study of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 7. Isolation of Human ES Cells 8. In Vitro Culture and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells 9. Transfection of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Book SynopsisInfectious fungal diseases continue to take their toll in terms of human suffering and enormous economic losses. Invasive infections by opportunistic fungal pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immuno-compromised individuals. At the same time, plant pathogenic fungi have devastating effects on crop production and human health. New strategies for antifungal control are required to meet the challenges posed by these agents, and such approaches can only be developed through the identification of novel biochemical and molecular targets. However, in contrast to bacterial pathogens, fungi display a wealth of “lifestyles” and modes of infection. This diversity makes it extremely difficult to identify individual, evolutionarily conserved virulence determinants and represents a major stumbling block in the search for common antifungal targets. In order to activate the infection programme, all fungal pathogens must undergo appropriate developmental transitions that involve cellular differentiation and the introduction of a new morphogenetic programme. How growth, cell cycle progression and morphogenesis are co-ordinately regulated during development has been an active area of research in fungal model systems such as budding and fission yeast. By contrast, we have only limited knowledge of how these developmental processes shape fungal pathogenicity, or of the role of the cell cycle and morphogenesis regulators as true virulence factors. This book combines state-of-the-art expertise from diverse pathogen model systems to update our current understanding of the regulation of fungal morphogenesis as a key determinant of pathogenicity in fungi. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book describes the molecular basis of morphogenesis and pathogenicity in the fungi and highlights new approaches. … All the chapters are well organized and each chapter contains an introduction at the beginning and a conclusion at the last that can be very useful for the reader. … This book is very important to scientists, researchers and teachers as well as students who are interested in fungal morphogenesis and pathogenicity. Therefore this book should be available in all schools, research laboratories, community and university libraries.” (Kasun M. Thambugala, Fungal Diversity, Vol. 57 (1), November, 2012)Table of ContentsMolecular basis of morphogenesis in fungi.- Tropic orientation responses of pathogenic fungi.- Hyphal fusion.- Signalling of infectious growth in Fusarium oxysporum.- Integrating Cdk signaling in Candida albicans environmental sensing networks.- Cell cycle and morphogenesis connections during the formation of the infective filament in Ustilago maydis.- Appressorium Function in Colletotrichum orbiculare and Prospect for Genome Based Analysis.- Morphogenesis in Candida albicans: How to stay focused.- Morphogenesis in Paracoccidioides brasiliensi.- Morphogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans.- Morphogenesis and infection in Botrytis cinere.- Morphogenesis, growth and development of the grass symbiont Epichlöe festucae.- Cryptococcus-neutrophil interaction.-

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Book SynopsisDiese einmalige Kombination aus Lehrbuchtext und Praktikumsanleitung bietet sowohl einen theoretischen Hintergrund als auch eine praktische Anleitung, um die Histologie von Pflanzen kennenzulernen – ideal für Bachelor-Studierende. Ohne diese Grundlagen ist ein Verständnis von komplexen pflanzlichen Entwicklungsprozessen, die durch unterschiedliche Zelltypen und Gewebe mit verschiedenen Aufgaben geprägt sind, nicht möglich.In der 3. Auflage sind einige Objekte hinzugekommen, um das Spektrum des Praktikums zu erweitern. Verschiedene Präparate, die den Niederen Pflanzen zuzurechnen sind, wurden aufgenommen, um durch einfach gebaute Organismen das Verständnis für die Funktionsweise vielzelliger Pflanzen zu entwickeln. Das Kapitel Methoden haben die Autoren um die Bedienung des Lichtmikroskops, die Objektpräparation und Färbemethoden erweitert. Das Botanische Grundpraktikum ist vom Umfang her besonders für Bachelorstudierende geeignet.Table of ContentsDie Pflanzenzelle.- Die Sprossachse.- Das Blatt.- Die Wurzel.- Fortpflanzung und Entwicklung.- Methoden.- Lösungen zu den Aufgaben.- Glossar.- Literatur

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Table of Contents1 Wachstum naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis: Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie von Thomas Kuhn.- 1.1 Paradigma, Anomalie, Krise und Revolution: Die Begriffe bei Thomas Kuhn.- 1.2 Kuhns Paradigma-Begriff aus der Sicht der Gestalttheorie.- 1.3 Bedeutung von Musterbeispielen in der Welterfahrung des heranwachsenden Kindes.- 1.4 Erster Exkurs: Unmögliche Gestalten.- 2 Wachstum naturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis: Von der Zelltheorie bis zur Chromosomentheorie der Vererbung.- 2.1 Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Mikroskopie und Histologie.- 2.2 Vorläufer der Zelltheorie: Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen.- 2.3 Die Zelltheorie bei Schleiden und Schwann.- 2.4 Wissenschaftstheorie bei Schwann und Schleiden.- 2.5 Krise der Zelltheorie: Wie bilden sich Zellen?.- 2.6 Zellkern und Befruchtungslehre.- 2.7 Die Entdeckung der Chromosomen.- 2.8 Zweiter Exkurs: Zur Rolle von Wissenschaftssprache und esoterischen Objekten beim Wachstum wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis.- 2.9 Kontinuität oder Auflösung der Chromosomen in der Interphase? Das Paradigma der Chromosomenindividualität.- 2.10 Chromosomentheorie der Vererbung vor 1900: August Weismanns Versuch einer „realen“ Theorie.- 2.11 Die Geburt der Genetik: Das Paradigma von Gregor Mendel.- 2.12 Chromosomentheorie der Vererbung nach 1900: Walter S. Sutton und Theodor Boveri.- 2.13 Cytogenetik in der Lyssenko-Ära: Ein illegitimer Paradigmawechsel.- 3 Betrachtungen zum Wachstum wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis.- 3.1 Kuhns Theorie des Paradigmawechsels und die Geschichte der frühen Zell- und Verer-bungsforschung: Ein kritischer Vergleich.- 3.2 Wie wächst wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis?.- a) Was bedeutet „Wachstum“ im Erkenntnisprozeß?.- b) Gibt es Regeln für den Entwurf naturwissenschaftlicher Paradigmata? Anmerkungen zur Rolle von Theorie und Beobachtung.- 3.3 Der Wunsch nach geschlossenen Theorien und die Unvermeidbarkeit von Krisen im Wachstum der Erkenntnis. Bemerkungen aus dem Blickwinkel einer evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie.- 3.4 Sehen und räumliches Vorstellungsvermögen aus dem Blickwinkel einer evolutionären Erkenntnistheorie: der Mesokosmos als ,kognitive Nische‘ des Menschen.- Dritter Exkurs: Eschers Belvedere und das Raumproblem.- Vierter Exkurs: Naive und naturwissenschaftliche Raumerfahrung in einem zweidimensionalen Mesokosmos.- 3.5 Schlußbetrachtung: Entwicklung der Chromosomentheorie und Menschenbild.- 4 Anmerkungen.- 5 Postscriptum — Ludwik Fleck (1896–1961) der Vorläufer von Thomas Kuhn: Die Theorie vom Denkstil und den Denkstilumwandlungen in wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaften.- 6 Literatur.- 7 Namenverzeichnis.- 8 Sachverzeichnis.

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Book SynopsisModern Methods of Plant Analysis When the handbook Modern Methods of Plant Analysis was first introduced in 1954 the considerations were 1. the dependence of scientific progress in biology on the improvement of existing and the introduction of new methods; 2. the inavailability of many new analytical methods concealed in specialized journals not normally accessible to experimental plant biologists; 3. the fact that in the methods sections of papers the description of methods is frequently so compact, or even sometimes so incomplete, that experiments are difficult to reproduce. These considerations still stand today. The series was highly successful, seven volumes appearing between 1956 and 1964. Since today there is still a demand for the old series, the publisher has decided to resume publication of Modern Methods of Plant Analysis. It is hoped that the New Series will be as acceptable to those working in plant sciences and related fields as the early volumes undoubtedly were. It is difficult to single out the major reasons for success of any publication, but we believe that the methods published in the first series were up-to-date at the time and the descriptions as applied to plant material so complete in themselves that there was little need to consult other publications.Table of ContentsCell-Wall-Isolation, General Growth Aspects.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation Procedures.- 2.1 Cell Breakage.- 2.2 Cell-Wall Recovery.- 2.3 Removal of Contaminants.- 3 Composition and Ultrastructure of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.1 Chemical Composition of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.1.1 Standard Extraction Procedures.- 3.1.2 Analysis of Polysaccharide Fractions.- 3.1.2.1 Chemical Methods.- 3.1.2.2 Physical Methods.- 3.2 Supramolecular Organization of Plant Cell Walls.- 3.2.1 Morphological Observations.- 3.2.2 Selective Staining of Polysaccharides.- 3.2.2.1 Visualization of Esterified Carboxyl Groups.- 3.2.2.2 Detection of Acidic Functions.- 3.2.2.3 Periodic Oxidation of Glycol Groups.- 3.2.3 Visualization of Lignin.- 3.2.4 Identification of Wall Components by Means of Affinity Methods.- 3.2.5 Detection and Estimation of Cations.- 3.2.6 Ultracryotomy.- 4 Properties of Plant Cell Walls.- 4.1 Exchange Properties of Plant Cell Walls.- 4.2 Enzymatic Properties.- 4.2.1 Cytochemical Investigations.- 4.2.1.1 Cell-Wall Phosphatase Activities.- 4.2.1.2 Cell-Wall Peroxidase Activities.- 4.2.2 Biochemical Investigations.- 4.2.2.1 Properties of Immobilized and Solubilized Cell-Wall Enzymes.- 4.2.2.2 Biological Functions.- 4.3 Mechanical Properties.- 5 Growth Aspects.- 5.1 Cell-Wall Loosening.- 5.1.1 Wall-Loosening-Inducing Agents.- 5.1.2 Nature of the Broken Bonds.- 5.2 Deposition of Wall Material.- 5.3 Growth Direction.- References.- Cell-Wall Chemistry, Structure and Components.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Histochemical Analysis of Cell Walls.- 2.1 Specific Stainings.- 2.2 Staining with Fluorescent Brightener.- 2.3 Anisotropy Test.- 2.4 Selective Dissolution.- 2.4.1 Alkali Treatment.- 2.4.2 Cuprammonium Solution (Schweitzer’s Reagent) Treatment.- 2.4.3 Enzymatic Digestion.- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Cell Walls.- 3.1 Plant Materials.- 3.1.1 Pure Culture.- 3.1.2 Synchronous Culture.- 3.1.3 Harvesting of Cells.- 3.2 Measurement of Cell Growth.- 3.3 Preparation and Fractionation of Cell Walls.- 3.3.1 Disruption of Cells.- 3.3.2 Separation and Purification of Cell Walls.- 3.3.3 Fractionation of Cell Walls.- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Whole Cell Walls.- 3.4.1 Gravimetry.- 3.4.2 Turbidimetry.- 3.4.3 Colorimetry.- 4 Qualitative Analysis of Cell-Wall Materials.- 4.1 Acid Hydrolysis.- 4.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis.- 5 Chromatographic Analysis of Cell-Wall Constituents.- 5.1 Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 5.1.1 Neutral Sugars and Uronic Acids.- 5.1.2 Amino Acids and Amino Sugars.- 5.1.3 Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analyses of the Constituents of Chlorella Cell Walls.- 5.2 Liquid Chromatography.- 5.2.1 Amino Acids and Amino Sugars.- 5.2.2 Neutral Sugars.- References.- Protoplasts—for Compartmentation Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Advantages of the Use of Protoplasts for Compartmentation Studies.- 3 Protoplast Isolation and Its Effect on Cellular Metabolism.- 3.1 Isolation Procedures.- 3.2 Effect of Isolation pH.- 3.3 Effect of Plasmolysis.- 3.4 Effect of Enzyme Contaminants.- 4 Protoplast Lysis.- 5 Protoplast Fractionation.- 5.1 Density Gradient Fractionation.- 5.2 Rapid Fractionation Procedures.- 6 Methods to Relate Protoplast Activity to That of Intact Tissue.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.- The Marker Concept in Cell Fractionation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Marker Concept.- 2.1 Basic Concepts.- 2.2 Types of Marker.- 2.2.1 Morphological.- 2.2.2 Cytochemical.- 2.2.3 Biochemical.- 3 Preservation of Marker Enzyme Activity During Cell Disruption.- 3.1 Choice of Material.- 3.2 Homogenization Procedure.- 3.3 Use of Additives in the Homogenization Medium.- 3.4 Gel Filtration to Remove Soluble Hydrolytic Activity.- 4 Methods Used to Separate Markers.- 4.1 General Approaches to Cell Fractionation.- 4.2 Differential Centrifugation.- 4.2.1 Preparative vs. Analytical Cell Fractionation.- 4.2.2 Need for Quantitation.- 4.2.3 Problems with Complete Quantitation and Interpretation of Data.- 4.3 Linear Density Gradient Centrifugation.- 4.3.1 Density Gradient Material.- 4.3.2 Pelleted vs. Unpelleted Overlays.- 4.3.3 Soluble Enzyme Contamination in Gradients.- 4.3.4 Equilibrium Density Centrifugation (Isopycnic Conditions).- 4.3.5 Other Factors Which Influence Marker Enzyme Profiles Across a Gradient.- 4.3.6 Need for Quantitation and Lack of Negative Marker Activity.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Plasma Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theory of Phase Partition.- 2.1 The Phase System.- 2.2 Partitition of Membrane Particles.- 2.3 Effects of Polymer Concentrations.- 2.4 Effects of Salts.- 2.5 Multistep Procedures.- 3 Experimentals.- 3.1 Chemicals.- 3.2 Preparation Procedure.- 4 Purity of the Preparations.- 4.1 Specific Staining.- 4.2 K+-Stimulated, Mg2+-Dependent ATPase.- 4.3 Glucan Synthetase II.- 4.4 Light-Reducible b-Cytochrome.- 4.5 Markers for Contaminants.- 5 Protein and Lipid Composition.- 6 Surface Properties of the Isolated Vesicles.- References.- Vacuoles.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Methods of Isolation.- 2.1 Isolation of Vacuoles from Meristematic Tissues.- 2.2 Isolation of Vacuoles from Mature Plant Tissue.- 2.2.1 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles from Protoplasts—Methods pre 1981.- 2.2.2 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles from Protoplasts—Methods post 1981.- 2.2.3 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles Directly from Tissue—Methods pre 1981.- 2.2.4 Isolation of Mature Vacuoles Directly from Tissue—Methods post 1981.- 2.2.5 Preparation of Lutoids from Hevea Latex.- 2.2.6 Comments on Methods for Isolating Vacuoles from Higher Plants.- 2.2.7 Isolation of Proton-Pumping Vesicles.- 2.2.8 Preparation of Vacuoles from Yeast Neurospora.- 3 Isolation of Tonoplast and Tonoplast Markers.- 4 Comments on Physiological Functions.- 5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Protein Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Special Consideration in Isolation of Protein Bodies.- 3 Nonaqueous Preparation in Glycerol.- 4 Nonaqueous Preparation in Hexane and Carbon Tetrachloride.- 5 Aqueous Preparation in Sources Gradients.- 6 Subfractionation of Isolated Protein Bodies.- 7 Analyses.- References.- Lipid Bodies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ontogeny.- 3 Isolation.- 4 Markers of Lipid Bodies.- 5 Assays.- 5.1 Fluorometric Assay.- 5.2 Colorimetrie Assay.- References.- Chloroplasts as a Whole.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Considerations of Integrity and Purity.- 3 Chloroplasts from Protoplasts.- 4 The Use of Silica Sols in Density Gradient Purification of Chloroplasts.- 5 General Notes on Isolation Procedures.- 6 Specific Isolation Protocols.- 6.1 Higher Plants.- 6.1.1 C3 Plants.- 6.1.2 C4 Plants.- 6.1.3 CAM Plants.- 6.2 Algae.- 6.2.1 Volvocales.- 6.2.2 (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)—Griffithsiamonilis.- 6.2.3 Siphonales.- 6.2.4 (Xanthophyceae) Bumilleriopsisfiliformis.- 6.2.5 (Euglenophyceae) Euglenagracilis.- 7 Additional Comments on Chloroplast Isolation.- 8 Abbreviations.- References.- Purification of Inner and Outer Chloroplast Envelope Membranes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 General Considerations.- 3 The Procedure.- 3.1 Reagents and Equipment.- 3.1.1 Solutions.- 3.1.2 Materials.- 3.2 Growth of Peas and Purification of Intact Chloroplasts.- 3.3 Purification of Inner and Outer Envelope Membranes.- 4 Properties of the Isolated Membranes.- 4.1 Purity.- 4.1.1 Cross-Contamination by Envelope Membranes.- 4.1.2 Contamination by Thylakoids.- 4.1.3 Contamination by Stroma.- 4.2 Other Properties.- 5 Modifications of the Procedure.- 5.1 Alternate Methods of Chloroplast Rupture.- 5.2 Purification Subsequent to Rupture.- 5.3 Application to Other Tissues.- 6 Other Procedures.- References.- The Major Protein of Chloroplast Stroma, Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Characteristics of RuBP Carboxylase.- 2.1 Molecular Arrangement and Physical Structure of Subunits.- 2.2 Molecular Structure.- 2.3 Biosynthesis and Assembly of Subunits.- 2.3.1 Large Subunit.- 2.3.2 Small Subunit.- 2.3.3 Subunit Heterogeneity.- 2.3.4 Coordinate Control of Subunit Synthesis.- 2.4 Catalytic Mechanism.- 2.4.1 Activation and Role of Mg2 +.- 2.4.2 Carboxylation of RuBP.- 2.4.3 Oxygenation of RuBP.- 2.4.4 Localization of Catalytic and Activator Site.- 3 Practical Aspects.- 3.1 Purification.- 3.1.1 Summary of Techniques.- 3.1.2 Interfering Compounds.- 3.1.3 Choice of Extraction Buffer and Grinding Procedures.- 3.1.4 Protein Determination.- 3.1.5 Example: RuBP Carboxylase from Soybean Leaves.- 3.2 Assay.- 3.2.1 Substrates.- 3.2.2 Activation of RuBP Carboxylase.- 3.2.3 Continuous Spectrophotometry Assay for RuBP Carboxylase Activity.- 3.2.4 Discontinuous Assays for RuBP Carboxylase Activity.- 3.2.4.1 Radiochemical Assay with [14C]NaHCO3.- 3.2.4.2 Radiochemical Assay Using [14C]NaHCO3 and [l-3H]RuBP.- 3.2.4.3 Discontinuous Assay Using Nonlabeled Substrates.- 3.2.5 Assays for RuBP Oxygenase.- 3.2.6 Kinetic Parameters of RuBP Carboxylase and RuBP Oxygenase.- 4 Conclusion.- References.- The Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane—Isolation, Subfractionation and Purification of Its Supramolecular Complexes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Function and Organization of the Thylakoid Membrane.- 3 Isolation of Thylakoid Membranes.- 4 Thylakoid Membrane Subfractionation.- 4.1 Photosystem I Stroma Lamellae Thylakoids.- 4.2 Photosystem II Oxygen Evolving Thylakoid Preparations.- 4.2.1 Isolation by Press Treatment and Phase Partition.- 4.2.2 Isolation by Detergent Fractionation.- 4.2.3 Choice of Preparation.- 4.3 Separation of Inside-Out and Right-Side-Out Thylakoid Vesicles with the Same Composition.- 5 Isolation of Thylakoid Supramolecular Complexes.- 5.1 The Photosystem I Complex and the Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem II (LHC II).- 5.2 The Light-Harvesting Complex of Photosystem I (LHC I).- 5.3 The Inner Core Complex of Photosystem II (CC II).- 5.4 The Cytochrome b/f Complex.- 5.5 The ATP Synthase (CF0-CF1).- References.- The Isolation and Characterization of Nongreen Plastids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Terminology of Nongreen Plastids.- 2.1 Proplastids.- 2.2 Etioplasts.- 2.3 Chromoplasts.- 2.4 Amyloplasts.- 2.5 Leucoplasts.- 2.6 Other Nongreen Plastids.- 3 Basics of Plastid Isolation and Separation.- 3.1 Experimental Design.- 3.2 Isolation Medium.- 3.3 Tissue Disruption.- 3.4 General Methods of Chloroplast Isolation.- 4 Isolation of Nongreen Plastids from Developing Ricinus Endosperm.- 4.1 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation.- 4.1.1 Protocol.- 4.1.2 Analysis.- 4.1.3 Comments.- 4.2 Isopycnic Banding on Linear Sucrose Gradients.- 4.2.1 Protocol.- 4.2.2 Comments.- 4.3 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Linear Sucrose-Magnesium Co-Gradients.- 4.3.1 Protocol.- 4.3.2 Comments.- 4.4 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Discontinuous Sucrose Gradients.- 4.4.1 Protocol.- 4.4.2 Comments.- 4.5 Rate-Zonal Sedimentation on Discontinuous Percoll Gradients.- 4.5.1 Protocol.- 4.5.2 Comments.- 4.6 Nonaqueous Methods.- 4.6.1 Isopycnic Banding on Linear Hexane-CCl Gradients.- 4.6.2 Silicon Oil Centrifuged Filtration.- 4.7 Noncentrifugal Methods.- 4.7.1 Gel Permeation.- 4.7.1.1 Materials.- 4.7.1.2 Protocol.- 4.7.1.3 Comments.- 4.7.2 Phase Partition.- 4.7.3 Unit-Gravity Sedimentation.- 5 Metabolic Capabilities of Ricinus Endosperm Plastids.- 5.1 Glycolysis, the Pentose-Phosphate Pathway and Fatty Acid Synthesis.- 5.2 The Calvin Cycle.- 5.3 Nitrogen Metabolism.- 5.4 Terpenoid Metabolism.- 6 Composition and Biochemical Properties.- 6.1 Structure.- 6.2 Protein Composition.- 6.3 Membranes.- 6.4 Nucleic Acids.- 7 Future Prospects.- References.- Mitochondria.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Preparation for DNA Analysis.- 2.1 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Structure ot Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.2 Isolation of Mitochondria for DNA Preparation.- 2.3 Preparation of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.4 Electrophoresis of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.5 Restriction Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA.- 2.6 Notes on Mitochondrial DNA Studies.- 3 Preparation of Intact Mitochondria for Oxidative Studies.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Mitochondrial Preparation and Purification.- 3.3 Tests for Integrity of Mitochondria.- 3.3.1 Succinate: Cytochrome c Reductase.- 3.4 Tests for Integrity.- 3.4.1 Measurement for Oxygen Consumption for Respiratory Control and P/O Ratios.- 3.5 Notes on the Methods.- References.- Endoplasmic Reticulum.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure and Organization of the ER.- 3 Interactions Between Tubular and Cisternal ER.- 3.1 Role in Protein Transport.- 3.2 Role in Cell Division.- 4 Synthesis and Degradation of ER.- 4.1 Membrane Proteins.- 4.2 Membrane Lipids.- 5 Isolation and Characterization of ER.- 5.1 Isolation Media.- 5.2 Tissue Homogenization.- 5.3 Organelle Isolation.- 5.3.1 Molecular Sieve Chromatography.- 5.3.2 Differential Centrifugation.- 5.3.3 Density Gradient Centrifugation.- 5.4 Identification of ER Membranes.- 5.4.1 Magnesium Shift.- 5.4.2 Marker Enzymes.- 5.4.3 Auxin Binding.- 5.4.4 Calcium Transport.- 5.4.5 Structural Proteins.- 5.5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Polyribosomes.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation of Polysomes from Plant Cells.- 2.1 Factors that Affect the Stability and Recovery of Polyribosomes.- 2.2 Tissue Preparation.- 2.3 Subcellular Fractionation and Polysome Isolation.- 3 Purification and Analysis of Polyribosomes.- 3.1 Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation.- 3.2 Purification of Polysomes with Discontinuous Sucrose Gradients.- 3.3 Analysis of Polyribosome Profiles.- 4 Polyribosome Extraction Buffers.- 4.1 pH.- 4.2 Potassium Chloride.- 4.3 Magnesium Chloride.- 4.4 Reducing Agents.- 4.5 Chelation of Divalent Metals.- 4.6 Proteinase K.- 4.7 Other Ribonuclease Inhibitors.- 5 Uses of Purified Polyribosomes.- 5.1 Changes in Protein Synthetic Activity.- 5.2 In Vitro Protein Synthesis.- 5.3 Purification of mRNA’s.- 5.4 Subcellular Distribution of mRNA’s.- References.- The Nucleus—Cytological Methods and Isolation for Biochemical Studies.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Structure of the Plant Nucleus and Implications for Nuclear Isolation and Staining.- 3 Cytology.- 3.1 Nuclei of Whole Cells.- 3.1.1 Feulgen Microspectrophotometric Methods.- 3.1.2 Microfluorometry DNA Determination.- 3.2 Staining Nuclei During Isolation.- 3.3 Nucleolus Staining.- 3.4 Chromosome Staining.- 3.5 Other Nuclear Stains.- 4 Isolation of Plant Nuclei—General.- 4.1 Isolation of Plant Nuclei—Methods.- 4.1.1 Nuclei from Tobacco Callus Cultures for RNA Synthesis Studies.- 4.1.2 Nuclei from Tobacco Cells in Culture—for General Purpose Studies.- 4.1.3 Nuclei from Soybean Cells—for DNA Studies.- 4.1.4 Plant-Root Nuclei—for DNA Analysis.- 5 Summary.- References.- Microtubules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Extraction of Microtubule Proteins.- 3 Purification of Tubulin and MAP’s.- 3.1 DEAE-Sephadex Ion Exchange Chromatography.- 3.2 Phosphocellulose Chromatography.- 3.3 Affinity Chromatography.- 3.4 Cycles of Polymerisation and Depolymerisation.- 3.4.1 Pre-Conditions for Microtubule Assembly.- 3.4.2 Microtubule Assembly in the Presence or Absence of Glycerol.- 3.4.3 The Dynamics of Polymerisation and the Use of Taxol.- 3.4.4 Co-Polymerisation.- 4 Fractionation and Identification of Tubulin by SDS-PAGE.- 5 Colchicine-Binding Assay for Tubulin.- 6 Immunochemical Methods of Analysis.- 6.1 Radioimmunoassay.- 6.2 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).- 6.3 Antibody Purification of Antigen-Affinity Column.- 6.4 Western Blots.- 7 Concluding Remarks.- References.

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Book SynopsisRecent advances in the field of recombinant antibodies have permitted the manipulation of genes encoding specific antibodies, thus allowing their ectopic expression in a wide variety of non-lymphoid cells. This volume describes how the ectopic expression of antibodies, as secreted or as intracellularly retargeted molecules, can be exploited to block biological functions or to confer new phenotypic traits (e.g. resistance to a virus). This is the first book describing this emerging technology, which is receiving increasing attention for application in many different fields and biological systems - from human gene therapy to plant biotechnology.Table of Contents1. Intracellular and Intercellular Immunization.- 2. Current Methods for Genotypic and Phenotypic Knock-Outs in Mammalian Cells.- 3. Recombinant Antibodies for Ectopic Expression.- 4. Assembly and Folding of Antibodies in Natural and Artificial Environments.- 5. Protein Sequence Motifs Involved in Intracellular Trafficking.- 6. Intercellular Immunization.- 7. Intracellular Immunization.- 8. Gene Therapy and Research Applications of Intrabodies for Human Infectious Diseases.- 9. Plantibodies: Immunomodulation and Immunotherapeutic Potential.- 10. From Phage Libraries to Intracellular Immunization.- 11. Perspectives and Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisZiel dieses handlichen, deutschsprachigen Laborhandbuches ist es, die Standard- und Spezialanwendungen der PCR in praxisnaher und verständlicher Form darzustellen. Es wendet sich an Diplomanden, Doktoranden, Wissenschaftler und TAs, die die Möglichkeiten der PCR für ihre molekularbiologischen oder diagnostischen Fragestellungen nutzen möchten.In vorliegender 2. Auflage wurden die etablierten Methoden aktualisiert und wichtige neue Applikationen (z.B. Next Generation Sequencing oder die Emulsions-PCR) hinzugefügt. Da die Automation bei den molekularbiologischen Applikationen fortschreitet, erfordern gerade die letztgenannten Methoden immer weniger Handarbeit, wobei das generelle Verständnis über die einzelnen Schritte vorhanden sein muss. Dieses ‚Know-How‘ erhalten Sie im vorliegenden PCR-Methodenbuch.Table of ContentsEinleitung.- Allgemeine PCR-Parameter.- PCR als Detektionsmethode.- PCR als Klonierungsmethode.- PCR für die Standard-Klonierung.- T/A-Cloning.- Ligase-unabhängige-Klonierung (LIC).- UNG-Klonierung.- Surf-Klonierung.- Megaprime-PCR.- RT-PCR.- RACE-PCR.- Quantitative PCR.- Real-Time-PCR.- Colony-PCR.- PCR zur Mutationsanalyse.- Nested-PCR.- DOP-PCR.- Alu- (IRS) PCR.- PCR-Optimierung.- 1-Sekunden-PCR.- Long Distance-PCR.- Genomtypisierung mit der PCR.- Differential Display PCR Firmenverzeichnis Internet-Adressen rund um die PCR Sachregister.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsG Proteins and G Protein–Coupled Receptors.- Traditional GPCR Pharmacology and Beyond.- Regulation of Intraneuronal Trafficking of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors by Neurotransmitters In Vivo.- Small GTPases and Their Role in Regulating G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signal Transduction.- Regulation of G Protein Receptor Coupling, Mood Disorders and Mechanism of Action of Antidepressants.- Dysregulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Cancer.- Growth Factors.- Insulin Signaling in Normal and Diabetic Conditions.- Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor Signaling and Cancer.- Leptin Signaling Pathway.- Signaling in Normal and Pathological Angiogenesis.- Signaling Platforms.- Spatial and Temporal Control of Cell Signaling by A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins.- Mitochondria, a Platform for Diverse Signaling Pathways.- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Their Scaffolding Proteins.- Molecular and Functional Determinants of Ca2+ Signaling Microdomains.- Nuclear Receptors / Transcription.- Eukaryotic Gene Transcription.- Estrogen Signaling Mechanisms.- Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in Glucocorticoid Actions.- Reactive Signaling Molecules.- Cellular Signaling by Reactive Oxygen Species: Biochemical Basis and Physiological Scope.- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase: The Nitric Oxide Receptor.- Cell Cycle, Cell Death and Cancer.- Distinct Roles of the Pocket Proteins in the Control of Cell Cycle.- Activation of the p53 Tumor Suppressor and its Multiple Roles in Cell Cycle and Apoptosis.- Aging and Cancer: Caretakers and Gatekeepers.- Signal Transduction in Embryonic Stem Cells and the Rise of iPS Cells.- Erratum to.

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Book SynopsisAlthough general morphological features have been used to consistently identify the changes in cell ultrastructure occurring during apoptosis, as distinct from necrosis, important advances have been achieved more recently in the investigation of the cellular and molecular aspects of this process. This book brings together the latest international research on the complex subject of programmed cell death, and covers such areas as the biochemical mechanisms, introduction of DNA fragmentation, enetic regulation, and the importance of apoptosis in the immune system, particularly during T-cell development, and in cancer. The comparison of a number of common signal transduction pathways with those involved in cell growth highlights an important relationship between apoptosis and the control of cell proliferation.Table of ContentsBiochemical Mechanisms; DNA Fragmentation; Genetic Regulation; Apoptosis in the Immune System; Apoptosis in Cancer.

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Book SynopsisEstrogen and the Vessel Wall marks the start of a new era in understanding the cardiovascular actions of estrogen. It examines the hypothesis, derived from a growing body of epidemiological data, that estrogen acts directly upon the vessel wall to produce beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system.Inspired by a satellite symposium of the IX International Vascular Biology Meeting, additional topics have been included, covered by leading experts. All subjects have been brought together here to produce an outstanding and integral publication, a milestone in the field of Vascular Research.Table of ContentsPart I - Regulation of Gene Expression by the Estrogen Receptor Part II - Vascular Endothelium 1. Role of Estrogen in Endothelial Cell Behaviour 2. Modulation of Cellular Adhesion Molecules and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by Estrogen 3. Non-Genomic Actions of Estrogens: Estrogens as Antioxidants Lipoprotein Metabolism in the Vessel Wall 4. Estrogen and Vasomotor Tone 5. Endothelium-Dependent Vasoconstrictors Part III - Lipoproteins, Hemostasis and Leukocytes 1. Estradiol and Accelerated Transplant Atherosclerosis 2. Statistical Analysis of Ionic Channel Current Fluctuations 3. Natural Variability in the Geometry of Dendritic Branching Patterns 4. The Multiple Equivalent Cylinder Model 5. Parameter Estimation Algorithms for the Shunt Cable Model 6. Determination of Cable Parameters for Neurons with Gap Junctions 6. Ionic Current Modeling of Neurons in the Outer Retina 7. Ephatic Interactions Between Neurons Part IV - Regulation of Vasomotor Function 1. Estrogens and Coronary Artery Reactivity in 2. Estrogen Receptor in the Cardiovascular System Part V - Atherosclerosis and Vascular Diseases 1. Atherosclerotic Monkeys 2. Cloning Expression and Function of a Novel Estrogen Receptor

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Book SynopsisThe field of cytokine research is expanding at a rapid pace Contributions from the major leading groups in the world on the structure and biological properties of cytokine and cytokine receptors, as well as integrated reviews on cytokines in various physiological and pathological conditions were presented in three issues of International Reviews of Immunology This collection of articles provided a unique source of information However, important discoveries are emerging very rapidly and some of the reviews written in 1997 are already outdated In this book, the editors assemble reviews that have been updated by their authors to include all the recent publications and unpublished data from the authors' laboratories This volume should serve as an excellent reference source for all those concerned by the multiple faces of cytokines in basic research and in the clinic

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Book SynopsisGlycoproteins play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, cell growth, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. Over the last decade, research has highlighted the therapeutic implications of glycoproteins for many physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammation, arthritis and metastasis. The first part of the book deals with the structure and biosynthesis of glycoconjugates; the second part addresses the pathological roles played by glycoconjugates and their potential therapeutic applications.

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Book SynopsisThe past few years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of the molecular basis underlying cutaneous cell adhesion mechanisms. Co-authored by a number of leading experts in the field ^Cell Adhesion and Migration in Skin Disease provides a comprehensive overview of the critical role played by cell adhesion in determining the structure and function of both healthy and diseased human skin. The book is divided into three main sections, with each one addressing a principal function of adhesion molecules.The first part focuses on the epidermis, which as the skin's outermost layer, acts as the human body's primary barrier of defence. Roles played by cytoskeletal intermediate filaments and junctional complexes in cutaneous cell adhesion are emphasised with descriptions of blistering skin diseases that can arise if these molecules malfunction.The second part describes the macromolecular interactions responsible for the anchorage of cells to the underlying extracellular basement membrane. The experimental approaches detailed in the text not only reveal how the molecular components of the dermal-epidermal junction have been elucidated, but also highlight how mutations in the genes which encode these molecules are responsible for many heritable skin diseases. Leukocytes continually infiltrate the skin and patrol it for potentially harmful pathogens. Control of leukocyte adhesion to resident cells within the skin and to the extracellular matrix plays a key role in controlling these processes. These mechanisms constitute the primary focus of the final section. The pivotal role of leukocytes is examined in conjunction with the chronic inflammatory diseases which arise when components of the skin's finely tuned defence strategy go awry and the potential for these anomalies to be pinpointed as important immunotherapeutic targets for skin diseases.Table of Contents1. Cell-Cell Attachment 2. The Cornified Cell Envelope 3. Keratins and Keratin Disorders 4. Desmosomes 5. Cell-Matrix Attachment 6. Protein-Protein Interactions at the Dermal-Epidermal BMZ 7. Biology and Pathology of Hemidesmosomes 8. Dermal-Epidermal Adhesion 9. Leukocyte Trafficking in Skin Diseases 10. Skin Homing Lymphocytes 11. T-cell Accessory Molecules 12. Animal Models of Skin Inflammation 13. Langerhans Cell Migration 14. Leukocyte Adhesion and Accessory Molecules as Therapeutic Targets for Inflammatory Skin Diseases

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Book SynopsisProteins, Cells and Materials contains a collection of articles, which constitute together the complete Festschrift in honor of the 65th birthday of Dr. John L. Brash. For the first time these articles - published previously in several special issues of the Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition - have been compiled into one comprehensive volume. Over the past 40 years John Brash, a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Biomaterials Science Polymer Edition, has distinguished himself in the field of biomaterials. Much of his efforts have focused on detailed studies of blood–surface interactions, particularly those of plasma proteins. His multi-faceted approach recognises the importance of hemodynamics, transport and surface phenomena in the gross effects that result from blood–surface contact. In this book articles on the most recent development in these areas are collected and will thus provide a wealth of information of current research to specialists in the above-mentioned fields.Table of ContentsForeword, Introduction, Letter, I. Proteins, II. Cells, III. Materials

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of each of the commonly used quantitative proteomic methods in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility. It also concentrates on the effective applications of these methods that resulted in many discoveries of the role of the proteins expressed in living cells and biological fluids. The book focuses on the description of advantages and disadvantages of each of the commonly used quantitative proteomic methods, and provides concise descriptions of the effective applications of these methods.Table of ContentsFD-LC-MS/MS. 2-D DIGE. Mass Spectrometry Utilizing ICAT. Proteomic Analyses of Post-translational Modifications. Cardiovascular Proteomic Analysis. Proteome in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Liver Disease-Related Proteome. Respiratory Disease Related Proteome. Renal Disease-Related Proteome. Aging-Related Proteome. Phosphoproteomics of Tumor Cell Lines. HCV Infection and Mitochondria Proteomics. Infectious Disease by SELDI. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of HIV Infection.

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