Biochemistry Books

Book SynopsisClinical biochemistry is an analytical and interpretative science. The analytical part involves the determination of the level of chemical components in body fluids and tissues. The interpretative part examines these results and uses them in the diagnosis of disease, the screening for susceptibility to specific diseases, and the monitoring of the progress of treatment. This book is designed to cover the major techniques and analytical instruments used in clinical biochemistry.Each chapter of this book is based on a specific technique, or techniques, with associated instrumentation. These are discussed in some detail. A historical introduction is included for most of the techniques, and the current uses of the techniques are presented. Following that is a series of practical exercises. The first exercises in most of the chapters are a general introduction to the technique, leading to those with a clinical bias. Where applicable, the clinical practical exercises are associated with a case history and/or the discussion of the relevance of the assay to diagnosis and prognosis and to the monitoring of recovery. Each chapter concludes with a selection of appropriate references.Table of ContentsSpectrophotometry; Fluorimetry; Enzymology; Atomic Emission and Absorption; Ion Selective Electrodes; Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Electrodes; Chromatography; Thin Layer Chromatography and Extraction Techniques; Gas Chromatography; High Performance Liquid Chromatography; Electrophoresis; Molecular Diagnostics; Immunological and Radioisotope Techniques; Coulometry; Osmometry and Refractometry.

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Book SynopsisSeveral years ago, Thomas Steitz agreed to contribute a volume to the 'World Scientific Series in Structural Biology' that would deal with the contributions he and his coworkers have made to structural biology during his remarkable career. Sadly, Tom died in the fall of 2018 before he had had time to do more than produce an outline for this book, and a list of the reprints he wanted it to contain.Fortunately, Tom's colleagues and coworkers responded enthusiastically when they were informed later that fall that if they were willing to help out, a volume would be published to commemorate his career. It fell to Anders Liljas, Peggy Eatherton, Tom's longtime administrative assistant, and Peter Moore, a close colleague, to oversee their efforts. Thomas Steitz is best known for the work he and his coworkers did to elucidate the biochemical basis of gene expression. The structures of a large number of the macromolecules involved in transcription and translation emerged from his laboratory over the course of his career. This book includes reprints of the most important papers he had published, grouped according to the structures they relate to, and commentaries written by the scientists who collaborated with him to solve each of them. It thus summarizes the achievements of one of the most distinguished biochemists of the second half of the 20th century.

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Book SynopsisThis is a reprint three volume set with a thematic organization of the articles of the four Women in Porphyrin Science special issues published in the Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in 2019. All the articles were carefully arranged by the volume editors and Karl Kadish, the Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines Editor-in-Chief, in order to provide a comprehensive coverage of each topic. Volume 1 covers the biomedical aspects, applications and uses of BODIPY's, porphyrins, phthalocyanines and related derivatives, mainly for photodynamic therapy. Volume 2 covers the synthesis, characteristics and properties of these compounds, while Volume 3 is on topics related to materials, sensors, energy and catalysis. These state-of-the-art articles are contributed by women. This book will strongly contribute to the visibility of women in the field of porphyrin science.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the full scope of biochemical sensors and offers a survey of the principles, design and applications of the most popular types of biosensing devices. It is presented in 19 chapters, written by 20 distinguished scientists as well as their co-workers. The topics include the design of signal transducers, signal tags and signal amplification strategies, the structure of biosensing interfaces with new biorecognition elements such as aptamers and DNAzymes, and different newly emerging nanomaterials such as Au nanoclusters, carbon nitride, silicon, upconversion nanoparticles and two-dimensional materials, and the applications in wearable detections, biofuel cells, biomarker analyses, bioimaging, single cell analysis and in vivo sensing. By discussing recent advances, it is hoped this book will bridge the common gap between research literature and standard textbooks. Research into biochemical sensors and their biomedical applications is proceeding in a number of exciting directions, as reflected by the content. This book is published in honor of the 90th birthday of Professor Shaojun Dong, who performed many pioneering studies on modified electrodes and biochemical biosensors.Table of ContentsBiochemical Sensors I: Fundament and Development: Preface; Biochemical Sensors: Concept, Development and Signal Amplification; Aptamers-Based Biosensors; DNAzyme-Based Metal Sensing; Electrochemiluminescence Biochemical Sensors; Wearable Chem-Biosensing; Biofuel Cells for Self-Powered Electrochemical Sensors; Cell-Based Sensors; Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Intracellular Active Small Molecules; Bioimaging and Biosensing in Near-Infrared-II Window; Galvanic Redox Potentiometry for In Vivo Sensing; Biochemical Sensors II: Nanomaterial-Based Biosensing and Applications: Preface; Au Nanoclusters Based Biosensors; Gold Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as Dispersible Electrochemical Biosensors for Ultrasensitive Biosensing; Upconversion Luminescence Based Bio/Chemosensors; Carbon Nitride-Based Biosensors; Silicon-Based Optical Biochemical Sensors; Two-Dimensional Materials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors; Chemiluminescence Biosensors for Acute Myocardial Infarction Biomarkers; CRISPR-Cas Approaches for Diagnostic Applications; Advanced Electrochemical Tools for Single-Cell Exocytosis;

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Book SynopsisThe book provides insights into the research of the Kurt Wüthrich laboratories from 1996-2020. During this time period, the technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution went through several breakthroughs, while maturing into a standard method of structural biology. With the introduction of TROSY (transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy), the range of accessible molecular sizes was extended about thirty-fold, and efficient protein structure determination resulted from the demands of the structural genomics initiative. Applications in fundamental biology and biomedicine include studies of prion proteins and prion diseases (TSEs), the SARS-Corona virus proteome, trans-membrane signalling by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and signal transfer by pheromones.Key publications from the Kurt Wüthrich laboratories are placed in perspective, providing insights into new aspects of NMR spectroscopy in structural biology. In addition to methods development, this includes applications in diverse areas of biological research, such as prion proteins and their role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), trans-membrane signal transfer by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), structural characterization of the SARS-Corona virus proteome , metabolic-flux profiling in bacterial cultures, and signal transfers by pheromones.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, researchers have identified a pivotal, upstream role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the innate immune response. This pioneering book describes this renaissance of knowledge in the biology of MIF. Topics covered include MIF's molecular mechanism of action, its counterregulatory action on the immunosuppressive properties of glucocorticoids, its role in the production of proinflammatory mediators as shown in cell-based and animal studies; and its central role in human inflammation. Human genetic studies have identified allelic forms of the MIF gene, and high-expression alleles have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, asthma severity, sarcoidosis, atopy, inflammatory bowel disease, and other inflammatory and infectious maladies. The book also discusses the role of MIF as a therapeutic target. Unique structural features of the protein, such as an intrinsic catalytic activity and the recent discovery of its cell surface receptor, offer attractive opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Such approaches are presently in clinical development.Table of ContentsHistorical Overview (J R David); MIF "Rediscovered" (R Bucala); Immunopathologic Mechanisms Relevant to Diseases (H Y Lan); Structural Studies of MIF (E Lolis); MIF Redox Activity (J Bernhgaen); MIF Receptor-mediated Signal Transduction (C Leng); MIF in Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases (T Calandra); MIF in Parasitic and Helminth Infections (A R Satoskar); MIF in the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease (R C Atkins); MIF and CNS Autoimmune Disease (T G Forsthuber); MIF: Wound Repair (G S Ashcroft); MIF and Atherosclerosis (C Weber); Inflammatory Arthritis (E Morand); MIF Alleles in Infammatory Arthritis (R Donn); Adhesion-Dependent Signaling and Growth Control (R Mitchell).

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Book SynopsisThe role played by structural proteomics in the first decade of the 21st century is equivalent to that played by the Human Genome Project in the last decade of the 20th century. The development of high-throughput technologies that permit the solution of hundreds of 3D structures of individual proteins, protein-protein complexes and protein-drug complexes, just by one laboratory in a single year, will provide a knowledge base which will change the face of structural biology. This will have an immediate influence on medicinal chemistry and molecular pharmacology, as well as an increasing impact on such disciplines as neurobiology, developmental biology, immunology and molecular medicine.This book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the structural proteomics field, ranging from policy issues related to funding and goals, through the high-throughput procedures for protein production, to the solution of the structures of proteins and higher-order entities, via a multidisciplinary approach involving molecular biology, X-ray crystallography, NMR and electron microscopy, as well as bioinformatics analysis. This is the first book to provide such a comprehensive coverage of a rapidly evolving field.Table of ContentsIntrinsically Disordered Proteins (P Tompa); Impact of Structural Proteomics on Protein Crystallography (A Joachimiak); NMR in Structural Proteomics (R Kaptein & G Montelione); The Contribution of Structural Proteomics to Understanding the Function of Hypothetical Proteins (M D Suits et al.); Impact of SP on CASP and Vice Versa (J Moult); The Impact of 3D Structures on a Protein KnowledgeBase. From Proteins to Systems (U Hinz & A Bairoch); The Impact of Structural Proteomics on Macromolecular Structure Databases (D Dimitropoulos et al.); SP of Metalloproteins (M Edelman & V Sobolev); Impact of Protein Expression Methodologies on SP (D Hart); Bioinformatics and SP (A Lesk); Cryo-Electron Microscopy in the Era of Structural Proteomics (A C Steven & D M Belnap); SP of Complexes (T Perakis & C Romier); Structural Proteomics of Emerging Pathogens (R Hilgenfeld et al.); Strategies in SP (R Stevens); Impact of Structural Proteomics on Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions (C Kiel & L Serrano); SP and Drug Design (Y-P Pang); SP in Relation to Signaling Pathways (D Moras); Policies in Structural Genomics/Structural Proteomics (J Norvell et al.).

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Book SynopsisThe role of the cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), in the immune response and in the immunopathogenesis of different inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious disorders is now well established. The aim of this handbook is to provide an authoritative volume covering all aspects of MIF, from basic molecular biology to structure-function relationships, pathophysiology, genetics, and drug development.Recent studies continue to broaden considerably the role of MIF in both normal physiology and pathology, which range from such diverse areas as oncogenesis, cardiac physiology, and neurodevelopment. MIF's molecular mechanism of action in these contexts is becoming increasingly understood and the role of variant MIF alleles in different conditions continues to be defined. Unique structural features of the protein, such as an intrinsic catalytic activity, and the continuing elucidation of its receptor-dependent mechanism of action offer attractive opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This volume will provide a comprehensive synthesis of the state of the art of MIF science.Table of ContentsMIF Structure and Mechanism of Action: MIF Structure Function Relationships; Utilizing Chemical Biology to Understand the Structural Determinants of MIF Function; MIF and the Chemokine Axis; D-Dopachrome Tautomerase, a Second MIF; Endogenous Regulators of MIF Action; MIF Interaction with the COP9 Signalosome; MIF Receptor Dependent Mechanisms in B Cell Biology; Computational Design of MIF Antagonists; Regulation of MIF Expression: Epigenetic Control of MIF Expression; Hypoxia Signaling and MIF; Regulation of MIF Expression in the Lung; Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases: MIF Alleles in Infectious Diseases; MIF Expression in Infectious Diseases; Role of MIF in Parasitic Infections; MIF Orthologues in Human Parasites; MIF In Respiratory Diseases; Role of MIF in Autoimmunity; Role of MIF in Neurogenic Inflammation; Cancer: Regulation of Adhesion Proteins and Membrane Dynamics by MIF; Cell Cycle Regulation and Tumorigenesis; CLL Promotion by MIF; Prostate Cancer; Ovarian Cancer; MIF Biology - Cardiovascular Disease: Atherosclerosis; Ischemia and Cardioprotection; Stroke; Neurophysiology and Neuropathology: Role of MIF in Neuronal Function; Neurodevelopmental Actions of MIF; MIF in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

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Book SynopsisLABORATORY GUIDE TO ENZYMOLOGY An accessible guide to understanding the foundations of enzymology at its application in drug discovery Enzymes are highly specialized proteins necessary for performing specific biochemical reactions essential for life in all organisms. In disease, the functioning of these enzymes can become altered and, therefore, enzymes represent a large class of key targets for drug discovery. In order to successfully target dysfunctional enzymes pharmaceutically, the unique mechanism of each enzyme must be understood through thorough and in-depth kinetic analysis. The topic of enzymology can appear challenging due its interdisciplinary nature combining concepts from biology, chemistry, and mathematics. Laboratory Guide to Enzymology brings together the theory of enzymology and associated lab-based work to offer a practical, accessible guide encompassing all three scientific disciplines. Beginning with a brief introduction to proteins and enzymes, the book slowly i

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Book SynopsisOne strategy to expedite the discovery of new drugs, a process that is somewhat slow and serendipitous, is the identification and use of privileged scaffolds. This book covers the history of the discovery and use of privileged scaffolds and addresses the various classes of these important molecular fragments. The first of the benzodiazepines, a class of drugs that is powerful for treating anxiety, may not have been discovered had it not been for a chance experiment on the contents of a discarded flask found during a lab clean-up. Some years later, scientists discovered that benzodiazepine derivatives were also effective in treating other diseases. This class of molecules was the first to be described as privileged in the sense that it is especially effective at altering the course of disease. Other privileged molecular structures have since been discovered, and since these compounds are so effective at interacting with numerous classes of proteins, they may be an effective starting point to look for new drugs against the supposedly “undruggable” proteins. Following introductory chapters presenting an overview, a historical perspective and the theoretical background and findings, main chapters describe the structure of privileged structures in turn and discuss major drug classes associated with them and their syntheses. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the subject through chapters contributed by expert authors from both academia and industry and will be an excellent reference source for medicinal chemists of a range of disciplines and experiences.Trade ReviewMany of the chapters have a very readable format; the (mainly) heterocycle core structure is presented, physicochemical properties are given, then synthetic routes to such molecules are shown followed by case studies on many actual drugs based on these scaffolds. Such presentation renders this book appealing to heterocycle, natural product, and medicinal chemists and would be extremely useful pedagogically e.g., for teaching to masters and advanced undergraduate-level students or presenting as case studies in group meetings with postgraduate students. This is certainly a book that would be of interest to researchers and as a reference text in university and industry libraries. -- John Spencer * ChemMedChem *Table of ContentsPrivileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: An introduction; Privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry: A computational approach; The beta-Lactam (Azetidin-2-one) as a privileged ring in medicinal chemistry; (Benz)imidazoles; Pyrazoles; Quinolones: Privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry; Isoquinolines; Rhodanine; Heterocycles containinf nitrogen and sulfur as potent biologically active scaffolds; Thiirane class of gelatinase inhibitors as a privileged tempate that cross the blood-brain barrier; Coumarins; Xanthones are privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry - but are they over privileged?; Natural product scaffolds of value in medicinal chemistry; Ergot alkaloids; Cyclic Peptides as Privileged structures; Spirocycles as privileged structural motifs in medicinal chemistry;

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Book SynopsisThis unique book describes the latest information in the fundamental understanding of the biophysics and biochemistry of articular cartilage using the state-of-the-art practices in NMR and MRI. This is the first book of its kind, written by physicists and chemists on this important tissue, whose degradation contributes to osteoarthritis and related joint diseases. Connecting the fundamental science with the clinical imaging applications, the experts Editors provide an authoritative addition to the literature. Ideal for practising physical scientists and radiologists with an interest in the fundamental science as well as instrument manufacturers and clinical researchers working with articular cartilage.Table of ContentsPart One – Introduction: Introduction to Cartilage; Osmotic Properties of Cartilage; Introduction to NMR and MRI; The Magic Angle Effect in NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Part Two – Physical Properties of Cartilage by Relaxation Anisotropy; Experimental NMR and MRI Techniques for Cartilage Research: Physical Properties of Cartilage by Relaxation Anisotropy; Chemical Properties of Cartilage Studied Using Charged Ions; Quantification of Articular Cartilage Microstructure by the Analysis of the Diffusion Tensor; Sodium and Other Exotic Methods in NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Multi-Quantum Filtered NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Solid-State NMR Techniques to Study the Molecular Dynamics in Cartilage; Ultrashort Echo Time Imaging of Articular Cartilage; Low-Field and Field-Cycling NMR and MRI of Cartilage; The Influence of Specimen and Experimental Conditions on NMR and MRI of Cartilage; Part Three – Biomechanical Properties of Cartilage by NMR and MRI; Diffusion MRI and Poroelastic Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage; Combining Multi-Modal MRI and Biomechanical Modeling to Investigate the Response of Cartilage and Chondrocytes to Mechanical Stimuli; Loading-Induced Changes in Cartilage Studied by NMR and MRI; Part Four– Applications and the Future of Cartilage Research by NMR and MRI; The Critical Role of the Imaging Resolution in MRI of Cartilage – The MRI Microscope; Multi-Component Relaxations in MRI of Cartilage; Uni- and Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Cartilage; Magnetic Resonance in the Assessment of Tissue Engineered Cartilage; Complementary Imaging in MRI of Cartilage; Quantitative MRI for Detection of Cartilage Damage; Challenges for the Early Detection of Degenerative; Cartilage Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging In vivo in Humans; Ultrahigh-Field Whole-Body MRI for Cartilage Imaging: Technical Challenges

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Book SynopsisMany key aspects of life are based on naturally occurring polymers, such as polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Unsurprisingly, their molecular functionalities, macromolecular structures and material properties are providing inspiration for designing new polymeric materials with specific functions, for example, responsive, adaptive and self-healing materials. Bio-inspired Polymers covers all aspects of the subject, ranging from the synthesis of novel polymers, to structure-property relationships, materials with advanced properties and applications of bio-inspired polymers in such diverse fields as drug delivery, tissue engineering, optical materials and lightweight structural materials. Written and edited by leading experts on the topic, the book provides a comprehensive review and essential graduate level text on bio-inspired polymers for biochemists, materials scientists and chemists working in both industry and academia.Table of ContentsSynthetic Aspects of Peptide- and Protein- Polymer Conjugates in the Post-click Era; Glycopolymer; Synthesis of Non-Natural Polymers with Controlled Primary Structures; Single-chain Nanoparticles; Polymeric Tubular Structures; Bio-inspired Polymer Membranes; Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Micelle-like Topologies and Functions; Biological and Bio-Inspired Heterogeneous Composites: From Resilient Palm Trees to Stretchable Electronics; Translating Mussel Adhesion: Four Uncertainties about the Interface; Mussel Adhesive-inspired Polymers; Self-Reporting Polymeric Materials with Mechanochromic Properties; Mechanically Adaptive Nanocomposites Inspired by Sea Cucumbers; Bio-inspired Polymer Artificial Muscles; Materials for Tissue Engineering and 3D Cell Culture; Antimicrobial Polymers and Surfaces - Natural Mimics or Surpassing Nature?; Superwettability of Polymer Surfaces; Bio-mimetic Structural Colour using Biopolymers

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Book SynopsisRecent years have seen a resurgence of antibiotic drug discovery. This book brings together the relevant information to assess the state-of-the-art. It identifies and elaborates the most recent and compelling strategies for antibiotic drug discovery with a primary focus on new targets, mechanisms and molecular entities. Addressing the need for continued investment in antibiotic drug development, the book provides a point of reference for the rapidly expanding infectious disease research community. In addition to its attention on new targets, the book focusses on the medicinal chemistry and chemistry of the targets. Within this framework, chapters from leading researchers in academia and industry address findings in important areas such as biofilm production, narrow spectrum antibiotics and novel antibacterials from previously uncultured soil bacteria. This book will be a useful resource for postgraduate students and researchers in medicinal chemistry wishing to understand the latest approaches to antibiotic drug discovery.Trade ReviewThe book will be of interest to a large audience, not only to medicinal chemists in the field, to whom it can serve as a valuable point of reference, but to anyone wishing to follow the latest approaches in antibiotic drug design. The book is also valuable as a textbook for postgraduate students in medicinal chemistry: concepts are explained clearly and concisely throughout all chapters; sections are well organized and nicely illustrated. -- Dr Donatella Tondi, Universit/ degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (Italy) * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800265 *Table of ContentsTreatment of Clostridium difficile Infections; Targeting Purine Biosynthesis for Antibacterial Drug Design; Inhibitors of Biofilm Production; Narrow Spectrum Antibacterial Agents; The LPS Transport Pathway: A New Target for the Development of Gram-Negative Antibiotics; The Discovery of Teixobactin; Emerging Targets in Anti-Tubercular Drug Design; Antibacterial Leads Targeting Isoprenoid Biosynthesis

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Book SynopsisAnisotropy at the nanoscale is a critical factor in the mechanical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Many unusual properties of colloidal materials arise due to heterogeneous spatial confinement of electrons, plasmons and electric fields around the particles. As the field of nanoparticle synthesis and application matures, there is an increasing need for the design of novel and more complex nanosized objects. In particular, the incorporation of multiple functionalities, the directionality of such functions, and the incorporation of lower or higher dimensional order have great relevance and interest for biomolecule detection, diagnosis and therapeutic medical applications. This Faraday Discussion brings together chemists, physicists, theoreticians, engineers, and biomedical researchers to discuss the use of anisotropy as a tool to design, organize and provide special functions to nanoparticles. It explores the synthesis, formation mechanisms and novel characterization tools of anisotropic nanoparticles; the preparation and properties of particles with two or multiple domains; and biomedical applications.Table of ContentsAnisotropic Nanoparticles; Janus and Patchy Particles; Particles at Interfaces; Biomedical Applications

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Book SynopsisThe simulation of enzymatic processes is a well-established field within computational chemistry, as demonstrated by the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It has been attracting increasing attention in recent years due to the potential applications in the development of new drugs or new environmental-friendly catalysts. Featuring contributions from renowned authors, including Nobel Laureate Arieh Warshel, this book explores the theories, methodologies and applications in simulations of enzyme reactions. It is the first book offering a comprehensive perspective of the field by examining several different methodological approaches and discussing their applicability and limitations. The book provides the basic knowledge for postgraduate students and researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, who want a deeper understanding of complex biological process at the molecular level.Table of ContentsPerspective on Computer Modelling of Enzymatic Reactions; Fundamentals of Enzymatic Catalysis: Determination of Rate Constants; A Transition State Theory Perspective for Enzymatic Reactions: Fundamentals and Applications; Electron Transfer Reactions in Enzymes: Seven Things that Might Break Down in Vanilla Marcus Theory and How to Fix Them if They Do; Kinetic Isotope Effects; Free Energy Calculation Methods and Rare Event Sampling Techniques for Biomolecular Simulations; Methods to Trace Conformational Transitions; Key Concepts and Applications of ONIOM Methods; First Principles Methods in Biology: From Continuum Models to Hybrid Ab initio Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics; Nuclear Quantum Effects in Enzymatic Reactions; QM/MM Methods for Simulating Enzyme Reactions; Ribozymes; Effects of Water and Non-aqueous Solvents on Enzyme Activity; Modelling Reactivity in Metalloproteins: Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition by Haem Enzymes; Enzyme Design

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Book SynopsisAlthough the concept of allosterism has been known for over half a century, its application in drug discovery has exploded in recent years. The emergence of novel technologies that enable molecular-level ligand-receptor interactions to be studied in studied in unprecedented detail has driven this trend. This book, written by the leaders in this young research area, describes the latest developments in allosterism for drug discovery. Bringing together research in a diverse range of scientific disciplines, Allosterism in Drug Discovery is a key reference for academics and industrialists interested in understanding allosteric interactions. The book provides an in-depth review of research using small molecules as chemical probes and drug candidates that interact allosterically with proteins of relevance to life sciences and human disease. Knowledge of these interactions can then be applied in the discovery of the novel therapeutics of the future. This book will be useful for people working in all disciplines associated with drug discovery in academia or industry, as well as postgraduate students who may be working in the design of allosteric modulators.Table of ContentsModulation of Biological Targets: Why Use Allosteric Ligands?; Identifying and Quantifying Allosteric Drug Function; Targeting Catalytic and Non-catalytic Functions of Protein Kinases; Molecular Biology Techniques Applied to GPCR Allosteric and Biased Ligands; Examining Allosterism in a Dimeric GPCR Context; A Unifying Approach to the Duality of "Energetic" Versus "Conformational" Formulations of Allosteric Coupling: Mechanistic Implications on GPCR Allostery; mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulators; Muscarinic Receptors Allosteric Modulation; Positive Allosteric Modulators of Opioid Receptors; mGluR7 allostery: up and down modulation; Allosteric Modulators of Adenosine, P2Y and P2X Receptors; Positive Allosteric Modulators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Act via Covalent Mechanisms of Action; mGluR4 PET ligands as enablers of target biology understanding; Mechanism of action of a GluN2C- and GluN2D-selective NMDA receptor positive allosteric modulator; Development of AMPA Receptor Modulators as Cognition Enhancers; Allosteric modulation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Allosteric Binding in the Serotonin Transporter – Pharmacology, Structure, Function and Potential Use as a Novel Drug Target; Allosteric Inhibition of Abl Kinase; Allosteric Modulators of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90); A look forward;

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Book SynopsisA rise in the number of young and old patients suffering from a stroke or traumatic brain injury has led to the need for better drug development and treatment, as well as diagnosis and prevention of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. This book provides a comprehensive overview of scientific advancements in these areas. Chapters provide the latest knowledge in neuroscience, biotechnology, and personalized medicine applicable to acute brain injuries. Development of neuroprotective drugs is treated in detail. Chemical biomarkers for detection, imaging and preventative strategies are covered to provide medicinal chemists with a broad view of translational aspects of the field. This book will be useful to postgraduate students and researchers in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology as well as specialists in the acute brain injury field.Table of ContentsTransient Ischemic Attack, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Ischemic Stroke: Risk Factors and Treatments; Inflammatory Changes in Cerebral Ischemic Injury: Cellular and Molecular Involvement; Biomarkers of Acute Brain Injury and Surrogate Endpoints in Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke Translational Studies; Difficulties of Translating Outcomes from Animal Studies to Clinical Trials; Neuroprotective Therapies for Ischemic Stroke; The Molecular Neuroprotective Strategies in Cerebral Ischemia: An Insight into Emerging Treatments for Oxidative Stress; Identification of MicroRNAs as Targets for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke; Combined Drug–Diagnostic Test Co-development for Predicting and Preventing Brain Impairments; Advances in Diagnostics and Treatment of Neurotoxicity after Sports-related Injuries; Functional Predictors for Prognosis and Recovery after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury; Predictors for Prognosis and Recovery from Unconsciousness Due to Brain Trauma; Neurotoxicity in Spinal Cord Impairments; Advanced Approaches in Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury; Testing and Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Agents for Cerebral Ischemic Injury in Clinical Trials, 2010–2016; Difficulties in Clinical Trials to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke; Challenges in Using Biomarkers in Central Nervous System Applications; Resolving Difficult Case Scenarios by Incorporating Stroke Biomarkers in Clinical Decision-making; Development of Novel Test Platforms for the Assessment of Brain Injury; Advancements and Challenges in Hyperacute Stroke Translational Research

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Book SynopsisThere has been enormous progress in our understanding of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes and relevant inorganic complexes of molybdenum and tungsten over the past twenty years. This set of three books provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the field and documents the latest research. Building on the first volume that focussed on biochemistry aspects, the second volume in the set focusses on the inorganic complexes that model the structures and reactivity of the active sites of each major group of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. Special attention is given to synthetic strategies, reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics of these systems. The introductory chapter provides a useful overview and places the topic of the book into a wider context. This text will be a valuable reference to workers both inside and outside the field, including graduate students and young investigators interested in developing new research programs in this area.Table of ContentsPart I Molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes; Abundance, ubiquity, and evolution of molybdoenzymes; Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis; Bacterial molybdoenzymes; The prokaryotic Mo/W-bisPGD enzyme family; Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family; The sulfite oxidase family of Mo enzymes; Nitrogenase; Tungsten-containing enzymes; Part II Introduction and overview of synthetic Mo and W chemistry; Synthesis of mono- and bisdithiolene Mo and W model compounds; Pterin‐inspired Model Compounds of Molybdenum Enzymes; Synthesis of models for the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes; Electron transfer mechanisms in Mo and W compounds; Comparative kinetics of enzymes and models; Models of the metal clusters of nitrogenase; Part III Overview of spectroscopic and electronic studies of Mo and W enzymes; Spectroscopic and electronic structure studies of Mo model compounds and enzymes; Electron paramagnetic resonance studies of molybdenum enzymes; X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of molybdenum enzymes; Electrochemistry of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Computational studies of molybdenum and tungsten enzymes; Nitrogen Fixation in Nitrogenase and Related Small-Molecule Models

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the latest developments in the field, this will be the first book to describe the utilisation of lipids and proteins together for the development of functional materials in food engineering, environmental and industry applications.

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Book SynopsisThis complete and well-organized overview of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence is divided into two parts. The first covers historical developments and the fundamental principles of these phenomena before going on to review recent advances and instrumentation. The second part deals with the applications in a variety of research fields including life sciences, drug discovery, diagnostics, environment, agrofood, and forensics. The book is suitable not only for researchers currently employing detection techniques in their research activity, but also for those approaching the subject for the first time. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence for the development of a variety of (bio)analytical methods, such as flow-assisted methods, enzyme-, antibody- or gene probe-based assays also in multiplexed formats, miniaturized analytical devices, biosensors, BRET and protein complementation assays, whole-cell biosensors, and bioluminescence molecular imaging. Individual chapters are devoted to the most important and rapidly developing fields including: Instrumentation for Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence; In vivo Molecular Imaging; Biotechnological Improvements of Bioluminescent Systems; Cell-based Bioluminescent Biosensors, and Miniaturized Analytical Devices Based on Chemiluminescence, Bioluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence. The book also includes a comprehensive collection of recent bibliographic references.Trade Review'the comprehensive nature of this book would be highly valuable both for researchers and newcomers in this field'. 'This work contributes significantly to the field of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research and will serve as a valuable resource for researchers'. * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry *"The chapters are detailed, enabling readers to acquire an indepth understanding of this field"."Given the rapidly advancing field of luminescence techniques and the promise that these provide for highly sensitive detection, the comprehensive nature of this book would be highly valuable both for researchers and newcomers in this field. The general methods presented in this book provide the active researcher with in-depth information about the latest developments in the field and opens up new possibilities that can be pursued. This can serve also as a textbook to develop a course in this field and will serve as a reference guide for graduate students"."This work contributes significantly to the field of bioluminescence and chemiluminescence research and will serve as a valuable resource for researchers". * Sapna K. Deo *Table of ContentsIntroduction: a brief history of chemiluminescence and bioluminescence; The nature of chemiluminescent reactions; Origin of bioluminescence: from luminous organisms to bioluminescent proteins; Instrumentation for bioluminescence and chemiluminescence; Analytical applications of chemiluminescence; Chemiluminescence in flow-injection analysis; Chemiluminescence in chromatography and other separative techniques; Electrogenerated chemiluminescence: principles and applications; Analytical applications of bioluminescence; Biotechnology and the improvement of bioluminescent systems; Chemiluminescence and bioluminescence in immuno- and gene assays; Bioluminescent techniques for the study of protein-protein interactions; Bio- and chemiluminescence imaging in analytical chemistry; "In vivo" molecular imaging; Advances in luminescent (bio)sensors; Nanomaterials for bio- and chemiluminescence; Miniaturized analytical devices based on bio- and chemiluminescence;

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Book SynopsisThis book offers an integrated review of the most recent trends in natural products drug discovery and key lead candidates that are outstanding for their chemistry and biology as a starting point in novel drug development. The authors focus on different trends that are and will continue to be impacting multiples stages of modern drug discovery from NPs that have not been included in other works. This is complemented with a series of case studies from leading experts from industry and academia on key molecules and derivatives that have been chosen for their novelty in chemistry, biology and clinical applications. The book intends to reflect the current confluence of different disciplines in chemical biology and synthetic chemistry supported by a more profound knowledge of systems biology that ensures the concurrency and synergisms of expertise from different research fields that impact in the discovery of novel molecules. In the first section the chapters reflect recent approaches to exploit the biosynthetic potential of microbial resources (including genome mining, metagenomic and epigenetic approaches), as well as biosynthetic chemistry tools to respond to product supply and novel screening alternatives that have lead to the discovery of novel chemistry. The second part reviews, in the form of case studies, some examples of bioactive molecules in the important therapeutic areas of antiinfectives, oncology and antiparasitics.Trade Review"The book covers a wide range of topics concerning natural products,especially their discovery, synthesis and biological activities relevant for drug discovery." "It is interesting for chemists to get a general overview of recently discovered natural products as potential synthetic targets as well as for biochemists/biologists as a basis for further genetically driven discoveries.Pharmacologists and researchers in medicine may get an inspiration pursuing further testing of the compounds shown or similar ones from the same classes." -- Dr. Sabine Amslinger, University of Regensburg (Germany) * ChemMedChem 2013, 8, 1415 – 1418 *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part one: Semisynthesis/ synthesis de novo of NPs: Semisynthesis approach of Ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743, Yondelis«); Chondramides and Chivosazoles - Two metabolites which interfere with the actin cytoskeleton; Class III lantibiotics - an emerging family of thioether containing peptidesMutant manufacturers; progress in enhancing the neurotrophic effects of natural FKBP ligands; Part two: Engineering NP synthetic pathways and genome mining: biosynthesis of indolocarbazole alkaloids and generation of novel derivatives by combinatorial biosynthesis; new lantibiotics from natural and engineered strains; mining microbial genomes for metabolic products of cryptic pathways; mining cyanobacterial genomes for drug-like and bioactive natural products; pigenetic approaches to natural product synthesis in fungi; Part three: New methodologies and screening technologies for the exploitation of microbial resources: novel approaches for exploiting microbial resources at Fundacion MEDINA; discovery and development of Platensimycin and Platencin; coupling chemical genomics and natural products: the discovery of parnafungins and novel antifungal leads; Part four: Novel microbial natural products and derivatives: Retapamulin-a first-in-class pleuromutilin antibiotic; natural products: new agents against MDR tuberculosis; the contribution of marine chemistry in the field of antimalarial research; epothilones as lead structures for new anticancer drugs; future challenges.

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Book SynopsisMetal ions play key roles in biology. Many are essential for catalysis, for electron transfer and for the fixation, sensing, and metabolism of gases. Others compete with those essential metal ions or have toxic or pharmacological effects. This book is structured around the periodic table and focuses on the control of metal ions in cells. It addresses the molecular aspects of binding, transport and storage that ensure balanced levels of the essential elements. Organisms have also developed mechanisms to deal with the non-essential metal ions. However, through new uses and manufacturing processes, organisms are increasingly exposed to changing levels of both essential and non-essential ions in new chemical forms. They may not have developed defenses against some of these forms (such as nanoparticles). Many diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration are associated with metal ion imbalance. There may be a deficiency of the essential metals, overload of either essential or non-essential metals or perturbation of the overall natural balance. This book is the first to comprehensively survey the molecular nature of the overall natural balance of metal ions in nutrition, toxicology and pharmacology. It is written as an introduction to research for students and researchers in academia and industry and begins with a chapter by Professor R J P Williams FRS.Table of ContentsOverview; Sodium: Its Role in Bacterial Metabolism; Potassium; Magnesium; Calcium; Vanadium; Chromium; Molybdenum and Tungsten; Manganese; Iron in Eukarya; Iron Uptake and Homeostasis in Prokaryotic Microorganisms; Iron-Sulfur Clusters; Ferritin and its Role in Iron Homeostasis; Cobalt and Nickel; Platinum; Binding, Transport and Storage of Copper in Prokaryotes; Binding, Transport, and Storage of Copper in Mitochondria; Binding, Transport and Storage of Copper in Eukaryotes; Silver; Gold; Metallothioneins; Zinc; Cadmium; Mercury; Antimony and Bismuth; Actinides in Biological Systems; Aluminium; Binding, Transport and Storage of Lead;

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Book SynopsisIn the rapidly growing field of metabolomics, a comprehensive book describing the state of the art in the application of NMR spectroscopy will be a key title for practitioners. Providing a unique resource of background knowledge, resources, instrumental platforms and software, this book will introduce relevant theory to the researcher as well as serve as a practical guide detailing key experiments and data handling procedures. Information available on common sample types will be described together with reference to the latest web-based resources available. Application-specific considerations will be discussed for a wide range of research topics. Written by an expert team as a service to the metabolomics community, this book will appeal to NMR spectroscopists, analytical chemists and biochemists especially those with an interest in medical applications.Table of ContentsInstrumental Platforms for NMR-based Metabolomics; NMR Pulse Sequences for Metabolomics; NMR Spectroscopy of Urine; NMR Spectroscopy of Serum and Plasma; High-resolution Magic-angle Spinning (HR-MAS) NMR Spectroscopy; Investigation of Tumor Metabolism by High-resolution Magic-angle Spinning (HR-MAS) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS); NMR in Environmental and Nutritional Research; NMR Foodomics; NMR-based Metabolomics: Understanding Plant Chemistry and Identification of Biologically Active Compounds; 1H NMR-based Metabolic Profiling in Infectious Disease Research; Imaging Metabolic Processes in Living Systems with Hyperpolarised 13C Magnetic Resonance; Advances in Computational Analysis of Metabolomic NMR Data; NMR Spectroscopy of Cell Culture, Tissues, and Other Biofluids

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Book SynopsisEpigenetics is one of the fastest moving fields in drug discovery, with almost every large pharmaceutical company and a substantial number of biotechnology companies targeting epigenetic processes to treat diseases ranging from cancer to Huntington’s disease and from inflammation to sickle cell anaemia. The book is structured in three main sections. The first section introduces epigenetics and explain its importance at both a phenomenological and molecular level. The second section goes on to review how each of the big breakthroughs in drug discovery in this field have developed, with a strong emphasis on case histories. The final section highlights the ongoing challenges in creating safe and efficacious epigenetic drugs. Written and edited by experts within the field from both industry and academia, this book provides an invaluable guide to this developing field for medicinal chemists working in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry.Trade ReviewThis book provides a rather compact overview to the field which will be very useful to medicinal chemists who want to get a short introduction into the field but also biologists who want to learn about some general aspects of epigenetic drug discovery. -- Manfred Jung * ChemMedChem *Table of ContentsEpigenetics – What it is and Why it Matters; Enzyme and Protein Families that Regulate Histone Modifications and Crosstalk; Epigenetics and Disease; Targeting DNA Methylation; Targeting Histone Acetylation; Targeting Histone Lysine Methyltransferases in Cancer; Targeting Non-Acetylation Histone Erasers; Progress in Targeting Epigenetic Readers; Who will Bebefit from Epigenetic Drugs; Dosing – When Less Is More; Histone Methyltransferase Activity Assays; Safety Considerations for Epigenetic Mechanisms as Drug Targets: Are Existing Toxicology Studies Fit for Purpose?;

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Book SynopsisGlycopolymers are important for cell signalling, recognition pathways, and their role in the immune system. They are gaining attention for new applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. Glycopolymer Code discusses the preparation, characterization and applications of glycopolymers providing a complete overview of the topic with examples from the latest research. Specific chapters cover both basic and advanced synthesis techniques to prepare glycopolymers, the analytical techniques used to investigate lectin receptor glycopolymer interactions, the properties and types of lectins that are widely used to understand the multivalent interactions and various applications of synthetic glycopolymers. With contributions from leading researchers in the field, the book is a unique source for graduates and academics new to the subject and already working in the area of glycopolymers.Table of ContentsSynthesis of Glycopolymers by Direct Polymerisation; Glycopolymers used in Biosensor Applications; Supramolecular Glycopolymer Systems ; Synthesis and Applications of Glycoparticles; Hybrid Glyco Materials and their Expansive Applications; Glycopolypeptides; Small Molecule Ligands for Bacterial Lectins: 'Letters' for an Antiadhesive Glycopolymer Code; The Synthesis and Biological Properties of Calixsugars; Dendritic Glycopolymers and their Biomedical Applications;

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Book SynopsisNanomedicines and nanopharmacology is a rapidly developing and evolving field with new techniques and applications under constant development. This book will provide an overview of the chemistry of nanocarrier design and the considerations that need to be made when developing a nanomedicine. Providing an understanding of the relationship of nanocarrier, drug and targetting moieties and physico-chemical properties, this title will provide an accurate and current representation of the field by addressing the promises, prospects and pitfalls of nanomedicine. Covering a wide range of areas in detail, this book will provide an excellent companion for medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and biochemists working in industry or academia.Trade ReviewThis book provides an excellent overview of this multidisciplinary field. All 13 chapters are concise minireviews or perspectives, covering a wide range of topics in nanomedicine, from nanocarrier design considerations to lessons learned from past successes, regulatory aspects, and future challenges. Overall, this book serves as an excellent reference for newcomers to the field as well as experienced researchers. Because many of the authors are the developers of some successful nanomedicines in clinical use or trials, their experiences, thoughts, and insights are particularly valuable. -- Professor Aoneng Cao, Shanghai University, China * ChemMedChem, DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900194 *Table of ContentsDesign Considerations for Properties of Nanocarriers on the Disposition and Efficiency of Drug and Gene Delivery; Targeting Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Involved in Cell Cycle Regulation by RNAi as a Potential Cancer Therapy; Nanoparticle carriers to overcome biological barriers to siRNA delivery; Magnetic targeting as a vehicle for delivery of nanomedicines; Development of Theranostics – Imaging Considerations and Targeted Drug Delivery; The Role of Imaging in Nanomedicine Development and Clinical Translation; Anticancer agent-incorporating polymeric micelles: from bench to bedside; Polymeric Nanoparticles and Cancer: Lessons Learnt from CRLX101; Nanodelivery Strategies in Breast Cancer Chemotherapy; Developing a Predictable Regulatory Path for Nanomedicines by Accurate and Objective Particle Measurement; Nanomedicine: Promises and Challenges; The Challenge of Regulating Nanomedicine: Key Issues; Doxil® – The First FDA-Approved Nano-Drug: From Basics via CMC, Cell Culture and Animal Studies to Clinical Use

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Book SynopsisThe pharmaceutical industry has become increasingly interested in biologics from animal venoms as a potential source for therapeutic agents in recent years, with a particularly emphasis on peptides. To date six drugs derived from venom peptides or proteins have been approved by the FDA, with nine further agents currently being investigated in clinical trials. In addition to these drugs in approved or advanced stages of development, many more peptides and proteins are being studied in varying stages of preclinical development. This unique book provides an up to date and comprehensive account of the potential of peptides and proteins from animal venoms as possible therapeutics. Topics covered include chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to drug discovery, bioassays, high-throughput screens and target identification, and reptile, scorpion, spider and cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development. Case studies are used to illustrate methods and successes and highlight issues surrounding administration and other important lessons that have been learnt from the development of approved therapeutics based on venoms. The first text to focus on this fascinating area and bridging an important gap, this book provides the reader with essential and current knowledge on this fast-developing area. Venoms to Drugs will find wide readership with researchers working in academia and industry working in all medicinal and pharmaceutical areas.Trade ReviewBelonging to the RSC’s Drug Discovery series, Venoms to Drugs is a welcome addition to the bookshelf designed to guide the reader through the opportunities and challenges to be found in Nature’s treasure chest in the efforts to develop new therapeutic solutions to human maladies. Venoms have evolved to assist numerous animals with matters of defence or in catching prey—if you’ve been stung by a bee you’ll have felt the power of a venom at work—and here we explore a little-tapped natural resource which could help provide the chemical foundations for the next big painkiller, antihypertensive or anti-inflammatory. Turning venom, consisting of a cocktail of toxins, from a potentially deadly secretion into a relatively safe, efficacious medicine is not simple. This book does not shy away from this fact, but embraces the problems and examines methods afforded by recent scientific advances through which the many challenges may be overcome. The book begins by introducing the drug-development opportunities provided by these natural resources, with an overview of the evolution of venoms across species and how many venom toxins retain a similar basic template upon which to pin their more specific functional flourishes for various targets and effects. We are given a detailed introduction to the obstacles met when turning these natural products into medicines, from the problems of retaining functionality to producing stable formulations. What stands out here in particular is that there are groups of animals whose venoms remain completely unexplored in terms of their therapeutic potential, and thus the scene is set for the rest of the book. The structure of the book is logical and the contents detailed, well-written and informative throughout. Chapters on approaches to drug discovery, taking into account advantages provided by recent technological advances, are followed by an examination of venoms as lead compounds from various animal orders in four further chapters. Later on, Chapters 9 and 10 describe the development of analgesic drugs and anti-inflammatory/autoimmune compounds from some extraordinary sea creatures, demonstrating good examples of the possibilities that may be found. The technical detail in the writing has not been lost or brushed over, which makes the book all-the-better as a useful resource. One aspect that is particularly good is the inclusion of case studies, to demonstrate how a carefully nurtured project can bear fruit. As always, there are chemical puzzles to solve, pharmacological mechanisms to pick apart and regulatory hurdles to jump, but from deadly cone-snail venom used to paralyse its prey comes the analgesic ziconatide, and from pit viper venom comes the ACE inhibitor captopril—one wonders what next might be found from a jellyfish’s tentacles or a spider’s jaws. If there is a sting in the tail in this particular story, then it is certainly to be extracted, analysed and put to good use! This book is, of course, targeted towards chemists as is clear from the detail and style throughout, but others with an interest in this subject (pharmacologists, electrophysiologists, formulation scientists and their kin) will certainly find this a useful, interesting and perhaps even thought-provoking resource to have at hand. -- Neil C. Henny, Liverpool John Moores University * Chromatographia (2015) 78:1507-1508 *Table of ContentsVenomous animals: evolution and ecology; Chemistry and structural biology of animal venoms; Venoms-based drug discovery: proteomic and transcriptomic approaches; Venoms-based drug discovery: bioassays, high-throughput screens, and target identification; Reptile venoms as a platform for drug development; Cone snail venoms as a platform for drug development; Scorpion venoms as a platform for drug development; Spider-venom peptides as a platform for drug development; Case study 1: development of the analgesic drugs Prialt® and Xen2174; Case study 2: development of exenatide for treatment of type 2 diabetes; Case study 3: development of ShK for the treatment of autoimmune diseases; Development of venom natriuretic peptides for treating congestive heart failure; Engineering venom peptides to improve their stability and bioavailability; Manufacturing of venom-derived therapeutic peptides; Venoms to drugs: prospects and pitfalls

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Book SynopsisCOVID-19 is a highly contagious viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome SARSCoV-2. It has had a devastating effect on the world's demographics with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the influenza pandemic of 1918, it has emerged as the most consequential global health crisis. After the first cases of this predominantly respiratory viral illness were first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019, SARS-CoV- 2 rapidly disseminated across the world in a short span of time, compelling the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The outbreak of COVID-19 has proven to be a worldwide unprecedented disaster. It has physically, psychologically, socially, and economically afflicted billions of people across the globe. Its transmission is significantly high. Serious postrecovery has been noticed in a large number of people. The virus is highly mutable and new and new strains are appearing, and manyTable of ContentsPreface. Author Biography. 1. Teaching, Learning And Caring In Post-covid Era2. Adoption Of Blended Learning Model In Higher Education Post Covid-193. Ode: Cruising Onto A New Education System4. Covid-19 Pandemic And Paradigms Of Education In Indian Heis: A Mapping Of Tectonic Shifts5. Paradigm Shift In Education And Career Choice Of Students In The New Normalpost Covid -19 Era6. An Impact Assessment Of Covid-19 Pandemic On The Higher Education Institutions Of India7. Academic Administration: Post Pandemic Challenges In Science Education8. Family Life And Education Under The Dark Shadow Of Covid-19 Pandemic In India: Some Observations9. Impact Of Covid -19 Pandemic On Education In Indian Context: Reimagining Education Beyond The Pandemic10. Telecommunication Interventions And Opportunities In Education, Health And Agriculture: Post Covid-19 Scenario 11. Technological Innovations And Challenges In Higher Education During Covid-19 Pandemic 12. Shift In Technology: A Mechanical Engineer’s Perspective In The Post Covid-19 World 13. Architecture Of Covid Era14. Maps, Digitalization And Citizenry (With Special Reference To Covid-19) 15. Covid-19 Pandemic And Environmental Sustainability16. Covid-19 Pandemic And Environmental Pollution: Opportunity To Revisit Environmental Strategies For Public Health Benefits17. Bio-medical Waste Management In Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Need For An Effective Regulation In India 18. Covid - 19 Pandemic : Social Response Through Changing Lifestyles 19. Emerging Life Styles In Urban India Under The Regime Of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Overview Of The Implications 20. Confronting Potential Role Of Yoga In Combatting Covid-19 Pandemic21. Lifestyle Communication, Environment And Development Sustainability: An Analytical Study From Consumption To Information Dissemination During Covid 19 22. Adoption Of Diet Pattern During Covid Pandemic 23. Life Post Covid-19 Pandemic: Opportunities And Challenges For The Decision Makers 24. Post Covid-19 Paradigm Shift: A New Era Of Digital Experience 25. Covid-19: Our Solutions Are In Nature

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Book SynopsisDesigned for upper-level undergraduate and graduate-level courses, Forensic Toxicology: Mechanisms and Pathology introduces toxicology concepts from a forensic perspective. The book provides an understanding of the mechanistic basis of the action of drugs and toxins, addressing their physiologic and pathologic consequences on the affected organ system. It is this essential connection of toxicology to physiology and biological systems that provides the basis for the toxicologist to understand the basis of behavioral effects of drugs, and for the forensic pathologist to determine cause of death when drugs may be involved.The book gives an overview of organ system physiology and pathology, and the ways in which toxins and drugs affect those systems. Case histories, photographs of gross pathology, and photomicrographs further illustrate the processes and effects of toxic substances on the body. The book also focuses on technological advances in the field and includes casesTable of ContentsPART I. Introduction. A Selected History of Forensic Toxicology. Toxicity and Toxidromes. Toxicokinetics. Biotransformation. Postmortem Toxicology. PART II. Neurotoxicology. Cardiac Toxicology. Hepatotoxicity. Kidney Toxicology. Pulmonary Toxicology. PART III. Alcohols: Ethanol, Methanol, and Related Compounds. Opiates and Opioids. Non-Opiate Sedative/Hypnotic Drugs. Sympathomimetic Amines: Amphetamines and Related Compounds. Hallucinogens, Psychedelics, and Cannabinoids. Cholinergic and Anticholinergic Toxins. Metals.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Proteins provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art introduction to the structure, function, and motion of proteins for students, faculty, and researchers at all levels. The book covers proteins and enzymes across a wide range of contexts and applications, including medical disorders, drugs, toxins, chemical warfare, and animal behavior. Each chapter includes a Summary, Exercises, and References.New features in the thoroughly-updated second edition include: A brand-new chapter on enzymatic catalysis, describing enzyme biochemistry, classification, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanisms, and applications in medicine and other industries. These are accompanied by multiple animations of biochemical reactions and mechanisms, accessible via embedded QR codes (which can be viewed by smartphones) An in-depth discussion of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) A wider-scale description of Trade Review"This is the most interesting to read and complete text I have found for senior undergraduate or early graduate-level coverage of protein structure and function, and a great reference book to have on hand. This text is significantly updated and printed in a hardcover format with easy-to-read text (larger font and pages than usual, with margins for note-taking) and comes with annotatable ebook access for free. Overall, this is a significantly enriched 2nd edition of a book we have used successfully for several years now, which I enthusiastically recommend!" --Leslie Kuhn, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Computer Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, USA "I used this book when studying for a course on the Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis. The book made everything I was struggling with so clear! It is extremely well organized and very, very thorough which makes studying from it easy! 10/10 would recommend to anyone studying proteins and/or enzymes, or even someone who just wants to learn more. Anyone looking for a supplementary reading for your course should have this text book - even if you think you don't need it, trust me, you do." --Customer review on Amazon.com Praise for the First edition: "This book offers a unique combination of structure, thermodynamics and biology. I was impressed both by the breadth of the topics covered and by the depth in which they are treated. General principles are made intuitively clear based on well-chosen examples, many of them having relevance to disease. The book could fit well as a textbook in structural biology and molecular biophysics courses." --Barry Honig, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA "I’ve just lately used this textbook for a presentation on electrostatics. Although I have an organic background, I discovered that the explanations of electrostatic interactions are very clear and informative. The language isn’t too technical and may be easily understood by biology students. The textbook covers numerous examples and colorful illustrations, which made it easy to understand the principles discussed. The book is well organized in chapters for all the fundamental topics. I feel this book would be appropriate for any undergraduate and graduate scholar who’s keen on proteins. … It’s complete, easy to observe and (something I at least discover uncommon for textbooks) pleasing to read. The authors don’t shrink back from any subjects, but clarify things in a straightforward method supported by ample examples. Highly recommended." --Physics Book Reviews at dowdawgs.com, May 2013 "Introduction to Proteins is an excellent, state-of-the-art choice for students, faculty, or researchers needing a monograph on protein structure. …The book is clear, well organized, aptly illustrated in color, and a pleasure to read. The first two chapters are an impressive textbook unto themselves … The book is thoroughly documented with citations to the literature gathered at the end of each chapter. … Overall, this is an immensely informative, thoroughly researched, up-to-date text, with broad coverage and remarkable depth. Introduction to Proteins would provide an excellent basis for an upper level or graduate course on protein structure, and a valuable addition to the libraries of professionals interested in this centrally important field." --Eric Martz, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, Vol. 40, 2012 "This is an important book. It captures in a very accessible way a growing body of literature on the structure, function and motion of proteins, and links this to more established paradigms such as a reader might find in a mainstream biochemistry text. The text is littered with excellent examples of the wider relevance of the material covered. The book is also exceptionally well written. I learned new things from each chapter. Overall, a superb publication that would be very useful to undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers and instructors involved in structural biology or biophysics courses or in research on protein structure–function relationships. I would recommend it highly." --David Sheehan, ChemBioChem, 2011 "The book provides general guidelines for understanding protein structure and demonstrates how we can use the structure to phrase testable hypotheses about biological function. The repeated use of the same example makes it easier for the reader to grasp the general principles. The book gives a coherent picture of each topic and includes ample references, making it possible for the interested reader to dig deeply into various topics. The book also covers structural aspects of intrinsically unstructured proteins and how this property facilitates their biological function. It provides background in cell biology, basic chemistry and thermodynamics, making it useful for newcomers to the protein structure field who want to catch up quickly. It is also easy for experts to dive into the more specialized aspects quickly. The book provides references to user-friendly web tools in the field. The publisher’s website provides exercises on both theory and practice. Sample solutions and PowerPoint presentations are available for qualified teachers. These make the book attractive as the main textbook in an undergraduate course on protein structure, for parts of freshman biochemistry, and as a supplement for many undergraduate and graduate courses." --Burkhard Rost, Technische Universität München, Germany Table of Contents Introduction. Protein Structure. Methods of Structure Determination and Prediction. Energetics and Protein Stability. Protein Dynamics. Intrinsically Unstructured Proteins. Membrane-Bound Proteins. Protein-Ligand Interactions. Enzymatic Catalysis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1. Structure and Function 1.1 Phylogeny 1.2 Cell Structure 1.3 Summary Study Questions Reference and Notes Chapter 2. Growth and Cell Division 2.1 Measurement of Growth 2.2 Growth Physiology 2.3 Growth Yields 2.4 Growth Kinetics 2.5 Steady State Growth and Continuous Growth 2.6 Cell Division 2.7 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 3. Chromosome Replication and Partitioning of Chromosomes 3.1 DNA Replication, Chromosome Separation, and Chromosome Partitioning 3.2 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 4. Membrane Bioenergetics: The Proton Potential 4.1 The Chemiosmotic Theory 4.2 Electrochemical Energy 4.3 The Contributions of the ?? and the ?pH to the Overall ?p in Neutrophiles, Acidophiles, and Alkaliphiles 4.4 Ionophores 4.5 Measurement of the ?p 4.6 Use of the ?p To Do Work 4.7 Exergonic Reactions That Generate a ?p 4.8 Other Mechanisms For Creating a ?? or a ?p 4.9 Halorhodopsin, a Light-Driven Chloride Pump 4.10 The ?p and ATP Synthesis in Alkaliphiles 4.11 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 5. Electron Transport 5.1 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration 5.2 The Electron Carriers 5.3 Organization of the Electron Carriers in Mitochondria 5.4 Organization of The Electron Carriers in Bacteria 5.5 Coupling Sites 5.6 How a Proton Potential Might Be Created at the Coupling Sites: Q Loops, Q Cycles, and Proton Pumps 5.7 Patterns of Electron Flow in Individual Bacterial Species 5.8 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 6. Photosynthesis 6.1 The Phototrophic Prokaryotes 6.2 The Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria 6.3 The Green Sulfur Bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) 6.4 Cyanobacteria and Chloroplasts 6.5 Efficiency of Photosynthesis 6.6 Photosynthetic Pigments 6.7 The Transfer of Energy from the Light Harvesting Pigments to the Reaction Center 6.8 The Structure of Photosynthetic Membranes in Bacteria 6.9 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 7. The Regulation of Metabolic Pathways 7.1 Patterns of Regulation of Metabolic Pathways 7.2 Kinetics of Regulatory and Nonregulatory Enzymes 7.3 Conformational Changes in Regulatory Enzymes 7.4 Regulation by Covalent Modification 7.5 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 8. Bioenergetics in the Cytosol 8.1 High-Energy Molecules and Group Transfer Potential 8.2 The Central Role of Group Transfer Reactions in Biosynthesis 8.3 ATP Synthesis by Substrate Level Phosphorylation 8.4 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 9. Central Metabolic Pathways 9.1 Glycolysis 9.2 The Fate of NADH 9.3 Why Write NAD+ Instead of NAD, and NADH Instead of NADH2? 9.4 A Modified EMP Pathway in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus 9.5 The Pentose Phosphate Pathway 9.6 The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway 9.7 The Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA: The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Reaction 9.8 The Citric Acid Cycle 9.9 Carboxylations that Replenish Oxaloacetate: The Pyruvate and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylases 9.10 Modification of the Citric Acid Cycle Into a Reductive (Incomplete) Cycle During Fermentative Growth 9.11 Chemistry of Some of the Reactions in the Citric Acid Cycle 9.12 The Glyoxylate Cycle 9.13 Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate 9.14 Formation of Pyruvate from Malate 9.15. Summary of the Relationships Between the Pathways 9.16 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 10. Metabolism of Lipids, Nucleotides, Amino Acids, and Hydrocarbons 10.1 Lipids 10.2 Nucleotides 10.3 Amino Acids 10.4 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 10.5 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 11. RNA and Protein Synthesis 11.1 RNA Synthesis 11.2 Protein Synthesis Chapter 12. Cell Wall and Capsule Biosynthesis 12.1 Peptidoglycan 12.2 Lipopolysaccharide 12.3 Extracellular Polysaccharide Synthesis and Export in Gram Negative Bacteria 12.4 Levan and Dextran Synthesis 12.5 Glycogen Synthesis 12.6 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 13. Inorganic Metabolism 13.1 Assimilation of Nitrate and Sulfate 13.2 Dissimilation of Nitraate and Sulfate 13.3 Nitrogen Fixation 13.4 Lithotrophy 13.5 Summary Study Questions Reference and Notes Chapter 14. C1 Metabolism 14.1 Carbon Dioxide Fixation Systems 14.2 Growth on C1 Compounds Other than CO2: The Methylotrophs 14.3 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 15. Fermentations 15.1 Oxygen Toxicity 15.2 Energy Conservation by Anaerobic Bacteria 15.3 Electron Sinks 15.4 The Anaerobic Food Chain 15.5 How to Balance a Fermentation 15.6 Propionate Fermentation via the Acrylate Pathway 15.7 Propionate Fermentation via the Succinate-Propionate Pathway 15.8 Acetate Fermentation ( Acetogenesis) 15.9 Lactate Fermentation 15.10 Mixed-Acid and Butanediol Fermentation 15.11 Butyrate Fermentation 15.12 Ruminococcus albus 15.13 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 16. Responses to Environmental Stress 16.1 Maintaining a ?pH 16.2 Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential 16.3 Heat-Shock Response (HSR) 16.4 Repairing Damaged DNA 16.5 The SOS Response 16.6 Oxidative Stress 16.7 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 17. Solute Transport 17.1 The Use of Proteoliposomes to Study Solute Transport 17.2 Kinetics of Solute Uptake 17.3 Energy-Dependent Transport 17.4 How to Determine the Source of Energy for Transport 17.5 Drug-Export Systems 17.6 Bacterial Transport Systems in Summary 17.7 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 18. Protein Transport and Secretion 18.1 The Sec System 18.2 The Translocation of Membrane-Bound Proteins 18.3 The E. coli SRP 18.4 Protein Translocation of Folded Proteins: The TAT System 18.5 Extracellular Protein Secretion 18.6 Folding of Periplasmic Proteins 18.7 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 19. Responses to Environmental Cues 19.1 Introduction to Two-Component Signaling Systems 19.2 Responses by Facultative Anaerobes to Anaerobiosis 19.3 Response to Nitrate and Nitrite: The Nar Regulatory System 19.4 Response to Nitrogen Supply: The Ntr Regulon 19.5 Response to Inorganic Phosphate Supply: The Pho Regulon 19.6 Effect of Oxygen and Light on the Expression of Photosynthetic Genes in the Purple Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus 19.7 Response to Osmotic Pressure and Temperature: Regulation of Porin Synthesis 19.8 Response to Potassium Ion and External Osmolarity: Stimulation of Transcription of the kdpABC Operson by a Two-Component Regulatory System 19.9 Acetyl Phosphate Is a Possible Global Signal in Certain Two-Component Systems 19.10. Response to Carbon Sources: Catabolite Repression, Inducer Expulsion, Permease Synthesis 19.11. Virulence Factors: Synthesis in Response to Temperature, pH, Nutrient Osmolarity, and Quorum Sensors 19.12. Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 20. Chemotaxis, Photoresponses, Aerotaxis 20.1 Bacteria Measure Changes in Concentration Over Time 20.2 Tumbling 20.3 Adaptation 20.4 Proteins Required for Chemotaxis 20.5 A Model for Chemotaxis 20.6 Mechanism of Repellent Action 20.7 Chemotaxis That Does Not Use MCPs: The Phosphotransferase System Is Involved In Chemotaxis Toward PTS Sugars 20.8 Chemotaxis That Is Not Identical With The Model Proposed For The Enteric Bacteria 20.9 Photoresponses 20.10 Halobacteria 20.11 Photosynthetic Bacteria 20.12 Aerotaxis 20.13 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 21. Microbial Biofilms - Structured Multicellular Assemblies 21.1 Bacterial Multicellular Structures 21.2 Prevalence and Importance of Biofilms 21.3 Properties of Biofilms 21.4 Progression of Biofilm Formation and Dissolution 21.5 Regulation of Biofilm Formation 21.6 Inhibition of Biofilm Formation 21.7 Evolutionary Processes in Biofilms 21.8 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 22. Cell-Cell Communication Mechanisms 22.1 Diversity of Diffusible Signal Molecules Produced by Bacteria 22.2 Specific Signaling Systems 22.3 Cell-Cell Signaling that Requires Contact 22.4 Summary Study Questions References and Notes Chapter 23. Bacterial Development 23.1 Myxobacteria 23.2 Caulobacter 23.3 Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 23.4 Summary Study Questions References and Notes

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