Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books

Book SynopsisAs an applied science, enology is a collection of knowledge from the fundamental sciences including chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, bioengineering, psychophysics, cognitive psychology, etc., and nourished by empirical observations. The approach used in the Handbook of Enology is thus the same. It aims to provide practitioners, winemakers, technicians and enology students with foundational knowledge and the most recent research results. This knowledge can be used to contribute to a better definition of the quality of grapes and wine, a greater understanding of chemical and microbiological parameters, with the aim of ensuring satisfactory fermentations and predicting the evolution of wines, an7thd better mastery of wine stabilization processes. As a result, the purpose of this publication is to guide readers in their thought processes with a view to preserving and optimizing the identity and taste of wine and its aging potential. This third English edition of TTable of ContentsForeword xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv Remarks Concerning the Expression of Certain Parameters of Must and Wine Composition xix Part I Microbiology of Wine 1 1 Yeasts 3 1.1. Introduction 3 1.2 . The Cell Wall 5 1.3 . The Plasma Membrane 9 1.4 . The Cytoplasm and Its Organelles 15 1.5 . The Nucleus 18 1.6 . Reproduction and the Yeast Biological Cycle 19 1.7 . The Killer Phenomenon 23 1.8 . Classifi cation of Yeast Species 27 1.9 . Identifi cation of Wine Yeast Strains 49 1.10. Ecology of Grape and Wine Yeasts 57 References 67 2 Yeast Metabolism 73 2.1 . Introduction 73 2.2 . Sugar Degradation Pathways 74 2.3 . Regulation of Sugar-Utilizing Metabolic Pathways 82 2.4 . Metabolism of Nitrogen Compounds 93 References 101 3 Conditions of Yeast Development 103 3.1. Introduction 103 3.2. Monitoring and Controlling Fermentations 104 3.3. Yeast Growth Cycle and Fermentation Kinetics 108 3.4. Nutrition Requirements 110 3.5. Fermentation Activators 115 3.6. Inhibition of Fermentation 122 3.7. Physicochemical Factors Affecting Yeast Growth and Fermentation Kinetics 126 3.8. Stuck Fermentations 135 References 142 4 Lactic Acid Bacteria 145 4.1. The Different Components of the Bacteria Cell 145 4.2. Taxonomy of Lactic Acid Bacteria 154 4.3. Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria 156 4.4. The Oenococcus oeni Species 170 References 171 5 Metabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria 175 5.1. Generalities: A Review 175 5.2. Metabolism of Sugars: Lactic Acid Fermentation 177 5.3. Metabolism of the Principal Organic Acids of Wine 182 5.4. Other Transformations Likely to Occur in Winemaking 189 5.5. Effect of the Metabolism of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Wine Composition and Quality 195 References 197 6 Lactic Acid Bacteria Development in Wine 201 6.1. Lactic Acid Bacteria Nutrition in Wine 201 6.2. Physicochemical Factors of Bacterial Growth 204 6.3. Evolution of Lactic Acid Bacteria Microflora: Influence on Wine Composition 210 6.4. Microbial Interactions During Winemaking 218 6.5. The Importance of Bacteriophages 224 References 226 7 Acetic Acid Bacteria 229 7.1. Principal Characteristics and Cytology 229 7.2. Classification and Identification 230 7.3. Principal Physiological Characteristics 232 7.4. Metabolism of Acetic Acid Bacteria 233 7.5. Acetic Acid Bacteria Development in Grape Musts 237 7.6. Evolution of Acetic Acid Bacteria During Winemaking and Wine Aging and the Impact on Wine Quality 238 References 240 8 The Use of Sulfur Dioxide in Must and Wine Treatment 243 8.1. Introduction 243 8.2. Physiological Effects 246 8.3. Chemistry of Sulfur Dioxide 248 8.4. Molecules Binding Sulfur Dioxide 252 8.5. Practical Consequences: The State of Sulfur Dioxide in Wines 261 8.6. Antimicrobial Properties of Sulfur Dioxide 262 8.7. The Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Winemaking 265 8.8. The Use of Sulfur Dioxide in the Winery 270 References 277 9 Products and Methods Complementing the Effect of Sulfur Dioxide 279 9.1. Introduction 279 9.2. Sorbic Acid 280 9.3. Octanoic and Decanoic Acids (Saturated Short-Chain Fatty Acids) 283 9.4. Dimethyl Dicarbonate (DMDC) 285 9.5. Lysozyme 286 9.6. Destruction of Yeasts by Heat (Pasteurization) 289 9.7. Ascorbic Acid 293 9.8. The Use of Inert Gases 297 References 301 Part II Vinification 303 Reflections on Global Taste and Typicity of Wines 305 10 The Grape and Its Maturation 309 10.1. Introduction 309 10.2. Description and Composition of the Mature Grape 310 10.3. Changes in the Grape During Maturation 322 10.4. Definition of Ripeness—Concept of Vintage 343 10.5. Impact of Various Other Factors on Maturation and Grape Composition at Ripeness 366 10.6. Botrytis cinerea 375 References 391 11 Harvest and Pre-fermentation Treatments 399 11.1. Introduction 399 11.2. Improving Grape Quality by Overripening 400 11.3. Harvest Date and Operations 401 11.4. Acidity Adjustments of the Harvested Grapes 408 11.5. Increasing Sugar Concentrations 412 11.6. Enzymatic Transformations of the Grape After Harvest 418 11.7. Use of Commercial Enzymes in Winemaking 427 References 429 12 Red Winemaking 431 12.1. Generalities 431 12.2. Mechanical Processing of the Harvested Grapes 433 12.3. Tank Filling 440 12.4. Controlling Alcoholic Fermentation 446 12.5. Maceration 452 12.6. Draining Off the Skins and Pressing 469 12.7. Malolactic Fermentation 480 12.8. Automated Red Winemaking Methods 494 12.9. Carbonic Maceration 499 References 511 13 White Winemaking 513 13.1. Distinctive Characteristics of White Winemaking 513 13.2. White Grape Quality and Picking Criteria 517 13.3. Juice Extraction 526 13.4. Protecting Juice from Oxidation 538 13.5. Clarification 543 13.6. Juice Treatments and the Advisability of Bentonite Treatments 552 13.7. Fermentation Operations 552 13.8. Making Dry White Wines in Barrels 557 13.9. Controlling Reduction Off-Aromas During White Wine Aging 564 References 568 14 Other Winemaking Methods 571 14.1. Rosé Wines 571 14.2. Botrytized Sweet Wines (Sauternes and Tokaji) 577 14.3. Champagne and Sparkling Wines 588 14.4. Fortified Wines 602 14.5. Flor Wines 608 References 612 Index 615

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 The Role of Statistics in Engineering 1 1.1 The Engineering Method and Statistical Thinking 2 1.1.1 Variability 3 1.1.2 Populations and Samples 5 1.2 Collecting Engineering Data 5 1.2.1 Basic Principles 5 1.2.2 Retrospective Study 5 1.2.3 Observational Study 6 1.2.4 Designed Experiments 6 1.2.5 Observing Processes over Time 9 1.3 Mechanistic and Empirical Models 12 1.4 Probability and Probability Models 15 2 Probability 17 2.1 Sample Spaces and Events 18 2.1.1 Random Experiments 18 2.1.2 Sample Spaces 19 2.1.3 Events 21 2.2 Counting Techniques 23 2.3 Interpretations and Axioms of Probability 26 2.4 Unions of Events and Addition Rules 29 2.5 Conditional Probability 31 2.6 Intersections of Events and Multiplication and Total Probability Rules 34 2.7 Independence 36 2.8 Bayes’ Theorem 39 2.9 Random Variables 40 3 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions 42 3.1 Probability Distributions and Probability Mass Functions 43 3.2 Cumulative Distribution Functions 45 3.3 Mean and Variance of a Discrete Random Variable 47 3.4 Discrete Uniform Distribution 49 3.5 Binomial Distribution 51 3.6 Geometric and Negative Binomial Distributions 55 3.7 Hypergeometric Distribution 59 3.8 Poisson Distribution 63 4 Continuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions 66 4.1 Probability Distributions and Probability Density Functions 67 4.2 Cumulative Distribution Functions 70 4.3 Mean and Variance of a Continuous Random Variable 71 4.4 Continuous Uniform Distribution 72 4.5 Normal Distribution 73 4.6 Normal Approximation to the Binomial and Poisson Distributions 79 4.7 Exponential Distribution 83 4.8 Erlang and Gamma Distributions 86 4.9 Weibull Distribution 89 4.10 Lognormal Distribution 90 4.11 Beta Distribution 92 5 Joint Probability Distributions 95 5.1 Joint Probability Distributions for Two Random Variables 96 5.2 Conditional Probability Distributions and Independence 102 5.3 Joint Probability Distributions for More Than Two Random Variables 107 5.4 Covariance and Correlation 110 5.5 Common Joint Distributions 113 5.5.1 Multinomial Probability Distribution 113 5.5.2 Bivariate Normal Distribution 115 5.6 Linear Functions of Random Variables 117 5.7 General Functions of Random Variables 120 5.8 Moment-Generating Functions 121 6 Descriptive Statistics 126 6.1 Numerical Summaries of Data 127 6.2 Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams 131 6.3 Frequency Distributions and Histograms 135 6.4 Box Plots 139 6.5 Time Sequence Plots 140 6.6 Scatter Diagrams 142 6.7 Probability Plots 144 7 Point Estimation of Parameters and Sampling Distributions 148 7.1 Point Estimation 149 7.2 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem 150 7.3 General Concepts of Point Estimation 156 7.3.1 Unbiased Estimators 156 7.3.2 Variance of a Point Estimator 157 7.3.3 Standard Error: Reporting a Point Estimate 158 7.3.4 Bootstrap Standard Error 159 7.3.5 Mean Squared Error of an Estimator 160 7.4 Methods of Point Estimation 161 7.4.1 Method of Moments 162 7.4.2 Method of Maximum Likelihood 163 7.4.3 Bayesian Estimation of Parameters 167 8 Statistical Intervals for a Single Sample 170 8.1 Confidence Interval on the Mean of a Normal Distribution, Variance Known 172 8.1.1 Development of the Confidence Interval and Its Basic Properties 172 8.1.2 Choice of Sample Size 175 8.1.3 One-Sided Confidence Bounds 176 8.1.4 General Method to Derive a Confidence Interval 176 8.1.5 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for μ 177 8.2 Confidence Interval on the Mean of a Normal Distribution, Variance Unknown 179 8.2.1 t Distribution 180 8.2.2 t Confidence Interval on μ 181 8.3 Confidence Interval on the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Normal Distribution 182 8.4 Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion 185 8.5 Guidelines for Constructing Confidence Intervals 188 8.6 Bootstrap Confidence Interval 189 8.7 Tolerance and Prediction Intervals 189 8.7.1 Prediction Interval for a Future Observation 189 8.7.2 Tolerance Interval for a Normal Distribution 191 9 Tests of Hypotheses for a Single Sample 193 9.1 Hypothesis Testing 194 9.1.1 Statistical Hypotheses 194 9.1.2 Tests of Statistical Hypotheses 196 9.1.3 One-Sided and Two-Sided Hypotheses 202 9.1.4 P-Values in Hypothesis Tests 203 9.1.5 Connection between Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals 206 9.1.6 General Procedure for Hypothesis Tests 206 9.2 Tests on the Mean of a Normal Distribution, Variance Known 208 9.2.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Mean 208 9.2.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 211 9.2.3 Large-Sample Test 215 9.3 Tests on the Mean of a Normal Distribution, Variance Unknown 215 9.3.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Mean 215 9.3.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 220 9.4 Tests on the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Normal Distribution 222 9.4.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Variance 222 9.4.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 224 9.5 Tests on a Population Proportion 225 9.5.1 Large-Sample Tests on a Proportion 225 9.5.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 227 9.6 Summary Table of Inference Procedures for a Single Sample 229 9.7 Testing for Goodness of Fit 229 9.8 Contingency Table Tests 232 9.9 Nonparametric Procedures 234 9.9.1 The Sign Test 235 9.9.2 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test 239 9.9.3 Comparison to the t-Test 240 9.10 Equivalence Testing 240 9.11 Combining P-Values 242 10 Statistical Inference for Two Samples 244 10.1 Inference on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions, Variances Known 245 10.1.1 Hypothesis Tests on the Difference in Means, Variances Known 247 10.1.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 249 10.1.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means, Variances Known 251 10.2 Inference on the Difference in Means of Two Normal Distributions, Variances Unknown 253 10.2.1 Hypotheses Tests on the Difference in Means, Variances Unknown 253 10.2.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 259 10.2.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Means, Variances Unknown 260 10.3 A Nonparametric Test for the Difference in Two Means 261 10.3.1 Description of the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test 262 10.3.2 Large-Sample Approximation 263 10.3.3 Comparison to the t-Test 264 10.4 Paired t-Test 264 10.5 Inference on the Variances of Two Normal Distributions 268 10.5.1 F Distribution 268 10.5.2 Hypothesis Tests on the Equity of Two Variances 270 10.5.3 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 272 10.5.4 Confidence Interval on the Ratio of Two Variances 273 10.6 Inference on Two Population Proportions 273 10.6.1 Large-Sample Tests on the Difference in Population Proportions 274 10.6.2 Type II Error and Choice of Sample Size 276 10.6.3 Confidence Interval on the Difference in Population Proportions 277 10.7 Summary Table and Road Map for Inference Procedures for Two Samples 278 11 Simple Linear Regression and Correlation 280 11.1 Empirical Models 281 11.2 Simple Linear Regression 284 11.3 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators 288 11.4 Hypothesis Tests in Simple Linear Regression 288 11.4.1 Use of t-Tests 289 11.4.2 Analysis of Variance Approach to Test Significance of Regression 291 11.5 Confidence Intervals 292 11.5.1 Confidence Intervals on the Slope and Intercept 292 11.5.2 Confidence Interval on the Mean Response 293 11.6 Prediction of New Observations 295 11.7 Adequacy of the Regression Model 296 11.7.1 Residual Analysis 296 11.7.2 Coefficient of Determination (R2) 298 11.8 Correlation 299 11.9 Regression on Transformed Variables 303 11.10 Logistic Regression 305 12 Multiple Linear Regression 310 12.1 Multiple Linear Regression Model 311 12.1.1 Introduction 311 12.1.2 Least Squares Estimation of the Parameters 314 12.1.3 Matrix Approach to Multiple Linear Regression 316 12.1.4 Properties of the Least Squares Estimators 321 12.2 Hypothesis Tests in Multiple Linear Regression 322 12.2.1 Test for Significance of Regression 322 12.2.2 Tests on Individual Regression Coefficients and Subsets of Coefficients 325 12.3 Confidence Intervals in Multiple Linear Regression 329 12.3.1 Confidence Intervals on Individual Regression Coefficients 329 12.3.2 Confidence Interval on the Mean Response 330 12.4 Prediction of New Observations 331 12.5 Model Adequacy Checking 333 12.5.1 Residual Analysis 333 12.5.2 Influential Observations 335 12.6 Aspects of Multiple Regression Modeling 337 12.6.1 Polynomial Regression Models 337 12.6.2 Categorical Regressors and Indicator Variables 339 12.6.3 Selection of Variables and Model Building 341 12.6.4 Multicollinearity 349 13 Design and Analysis of Single-Factor Experiments: The Analysis of Variance 351 13.1 Designing Engineering Experiments 352 13.2 Completely Randomized Single-Factor Experiment 353 13.2.1 Example: Tensile Strength 353 13.2.2 Analysis of Variance 354 13.2.3 Multiple Comparisons Following the ANOVA 359 13.2.4 Residual Analysis and Model Checking 361 13.2.5 Determining Sample Size 363 13.3 The Random-Effects Model 365 13.3.1 Fixed Versus Random Factors 365 13.3.2 ANOVA and Variance Components 365 13.4 Randomized Complete Block Design 368 13.4.1 Design and Statistical Analysis 368 13.4.2 Multiple Comparisons 372 13.4.3 Residual Analysis and Model Checking 373 14 Design of Experiments with Several Factors 375 14.1 Introduction 376 14.2 Factorial Experiments 378 14.3 Two-Factor Factorial Experiments 382 14.3.1 Statistical Analysis 382 14.3.2 Model Adequacy Checking 386 14.3.3 One Observation per Cell 387 14.4 General Factorial Experiments 388 14.5 2k Factorial Designs 390 14.5.1 22 Design 390 14.5.2 2k Design for k ≥ 3 Factors 396 14.6 Single Replicate of the 2k Design 402 14.7 Addition of Center Points to a 2k Design 405 14.8 Blocking and Confounding in the 2k Design 408 14.9 One-Half Fraction of the 2k Design 413 14.10 Smaller Fractions: The 2k−p Fractional Factorial 418 14.11 Response Surface Methods and Designs 425 15 Statistical Quality Control 434 15.1 Quality Improvement and Statistics 435 15.1.1 Statistical Quality Control 436 15.1.2 Statistical Process Control 436 15.2 Introduction to Control Charts 436 15.2.1 Basic Principles 436 15.2.2 Design of a Control Chart 440 15.2.3 Rational Subgroups 441 15.2.4 Analysis of Patterns on Control Charts 442 15.3 X and R or S Control Charts 444 15.4 Control Charts for Individual Measurements 450 15.5 Process Capability 452 15.6 Attribute Control Charts 456 15.6.1 P Chart (Control Chart for Proportions) 456 15.6.2 U Chart (Control Chart for Defects per Unit) 458 15.7 Control Chart Performance 460 15.8 Time-Weighted Charts 462 15.8.1 Exponentially Weighted Moving-Average Control Chart 462 15.8.2 Cumulative Sum Control Chart 465 15.9 Other SPC Problem-Solving Tools 471 15.10 Decision Theory 473 15.10.1 Decision Models 473 15.10.2 Decision Criteria 474 15.11 Implementing SPC 476 APPENDIX A Statistical Tables and Charts A-3 Table I Summary of Common Probability Distributions A-4 Table II Cumulative Binomial Probabilities P(X ≤ x) A-5 Table III Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution A-8 Table IV Percentage Points χ2 α,v of the Chi-Squared Distribution A-10 Table V Percentage Points tα,v of the t Distribution A-11 Table VI Percentage Points fα,v1,v2 of the F Distribution A-12 Chart VII Operating Characteristic Curves A-17 Table VIII Critical Values for the Sign Test A-26 Table IX Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test A-26 Table X Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test A-27 Table XI Factors for Constructing Variables Control Charts A-28 Table XII Factors for Tolerance Intervals A-29 APPENDIX B Bibliography A-31 APPENDIX C Summary of Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Testing Equations for One and Two Sample Applications A-33 GLOSSARY G-1 INDEX I-1

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisPhotographers! Your guide is here! The demand for high-quality photographs is higher than ever. Whether you're building your influencer rating online, capturing the moments of a child's life, or are looking for ways to improve your skills, photography know-how is a must-have skill. Digital Photography For Dummies helps you do more than pointing, shooting, and hoping for the best or slapping a filter on a camera phone shot. This book introduces you to the camera settings and techniques that separate okay pictures from frame-worthy portraits. It then explains how to apply those skills to capturing your own portraits, landscape shots, and high-action photos. Develop a better eye for image composition Discover how to light photos better, including using natural light Learn to get quick results in auto settings or take full control in manual mode Discover the elements of exposure and how they influence the final product<Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Fast Track to Super Snaps 7 Chapter 1: Choosing the Right Camera 9 Chapter 2: Starting Out Right: Setup Do’s and Don’ts 39 Chapter 3: Shooting Your First Photos (and Movies) 71 Part 2: Taking Your Photography to the Next Level 89 Chapter 4: Starting to See Like a Photographer 91 Chapter 5: Taking Control of Exposure 109 Chapter 6: Adding Flash and Other Lights 135 Chapter 7: Manipulating Focus and Color 161 Part 3: Pro Tips for Capturing Specific Subjects 195 Chapter 8: Shooting Frame-Worthy Portraits 197 Chapter 9: Photographing Action 221 Chapter 10: Taking in the Scenery 245 Part 4: After the Shot 275 Chapter 11: Discovering Cool Playback Features 277 Chapter 12: Downloading, Editing, and Sharing Photos 291 Part 5: The Part of Tens 313 Chapter 13: Ten Fixes for Common Photo Flaws 315 Chapter 14: Ten Accessories to Enhance Your Photography 329 Index 341

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Book SynopsisHuman Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations Provides clear and simple instructions for integrating Human Factors principles and practices in the design of processes and work tasks Human Factors, the science of interaction between humans and other elements of a system, draws from disciplines such as psychology, ergonomics, anthropometrics, and physiology to understand how and why people behave and perform as they doand how best to support them in performing tasks. The goals of the Human Factors approach are to improve human reliability, minimize the risk from human error, and optimize the working environment, human wellbeing, and overall system performance. Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations guides supervisors, managers, and engineers on incorporating Human Factors principles and practices into plant maintenance and operations. With thorough and accessible coverage of all Human Factors topics of relevance to process industries, thiTable of ContentsGlossary xxiii Acronyms xxv Acknowledgements xxvii Foreword xxix Part 1: Concepts, principles, and foundational knowledge 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 What is “Human Factors”? 3 1.2 Purpose of this handbook 4 1.3 Why Human Factors? 7 1.4 The structure of this handbook 9 2 Human performance and error 11 2.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 11 2.2 An example of successful human performance 11 2.3 An example of unsuccessful human performance 13 2.4 Key learning points from this Chapter 17 3 Options for supporting human performance 19 3.1 Learning objective of this Chapter 19 3.2 Types of human performance 19 3.3 Types of human performance, errors and mistakes 21 3.4 Selecting options for supporting human performance 30 3.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 34 4 Supporting human capabilities 35 4.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 35 4.2 Attention 35 4.3 Vigilance 36 4.4 Memory 37 4.5 Cognitive capacity 38 4.6 Cognitive heuristics/biases 39 4.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 41 Part 2: Procedures and job aids 43 5 Human performance and job aids 45 5.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 45 5.2 An example of a major accident 45 5.3 The role of job aids in supporting human performance 46 5.4 Approach to developing effective job aids 48 5.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 52 6 Selecting a type of job aid 53 6.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 53 6.2 Stage 1: Determining the need for a job aid 53 6.3 Stage 2: Selecting the type of job aid 62 6.4 Electronic job aids 67 6.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 68 7 Developing content of a job aid 69 7.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 69 7.2 Outputs from task analysis 69 7.3 Outputs from Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis 72 7.4 User involvement 72 7.5 Validation of job aids 74 7.6 Keeping job aids up to date 75 7.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 76 8 Format and design of job aids 77 8.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 77 8.2 Structure and layout 77 8.3 Navigation 82 8.4 Instructional Language 84 8.5 Pictorial information 87 8.6 Icons 88 8.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 90 Part 3: Equipment 91 9 Human Factors in equipment design 93 9.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 93 9.2 Definitions 93 9.3 Major accident example 94 9.4 Error traps 96 9.5 How might poor equipment Human Factors cause error? 98 9.6 Example of poor equipment Human Factors 101 9.7 Supporting human performance by good equipment design 103 9.8 Mitigating poor design 111 9.9 Key learning points from this Chapter 113 Part 4: Operational competence 115 10 Human performance and operational competency 117 10.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 117 10.2 What is competency? 117 10.3 Competency Management 118 10.4 An example of effective Process Safety Competency Management 121 10.5 An example of gaps in operational competency 122 10.6 Competency influencing factors 124 10.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 125 11 Determining operational competency requirements 127 11.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 127 11.2 Identify and define safety critical competency: overview 127 11.3 Step 1: Identify safety critical tasks 128 11.4 Step 2: Identify required competency 130 11.5 Step 3: Define performance standards 132 11.6 Key learning points from this Chapter 136 12 Identifying learning requirements 137 12.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 137 12.2 Competency gap analysis 137 12.3 Training Needs Analysis 138 12.4 Key learning points from this Chapter 142 13 Operational competency development 143 13.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 143 13.2 Good practice in learning 143 13.3 Key learning points from this Chapter 149 14 Operational competency assessment 151 14.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 151 14.2 Reasons for competency assessment 151 14.3 How to conduct assessment of competency 151 14.4 Reassessment 157 14.5 Managing competency gaps 158 14.6 Competency and learning records 160 14.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 160 Part 5: Task support 161 15 Fatigue and staffing levels 163 15.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 163 15.2 A fatigue-related accident 163 15.3 Managing fatigue risk 168 15.4 Key learning points from this Chapter 178 16 Task planning and error assessment 179 16.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 179 16.2 Incident example 179 16.3 Human Factors and task planning 180 16.4 Error assessment within task planning 182 16.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 187 17 Error management in task planning, preparation and control 189 17.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 189 17.2 Overview 189 17.3 Preventing optimism bias in task planning: scheduling 190 17.4 Assigning safety critical tasks 194 17.5 Distractions and interruptions 195 17.6 Long and low demand tasks 199 17.7 The Human Factors of control of work packages 202 17.8 Team briefings 204 17.9 Human Factors of system isolation 205 17.10 Human Factors of managing interlocks and automatic trips 210 17.11 Key learning points from this Chapter 214 18 Capturing, challenging and correcting operational error 215 18.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 215 18.2 Failing to spot, challenge, and recover from errors 215 18.3 Why do we fail to capture, challenge, and correct errors? 217 18.4 Coaching people to recognize risk of making errors 218 18.5 Error Management Training 220 18.6 Enabling challenge of task performance 224 18.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 231 19 Communicating information and instructions 233 19.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 233 19.2 Incident example 233 19.3 Causes of poor communication 234 19.4 Human Factors of communications 235 19.5 Avoiding communication overload 237 19.6 Human Factors in shift handover 241 19.7 Key learning points from this Chapter 245 Part 6: Non-technical skills 247 20 Situation awareness and agile thinking 249 20.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 249 20.2 What are situation awareness and agile thinking? 249 20.3 Accidents from poor situation awareness and rigid thinking 252 20.4 Causes of poor situation awareness and rigid thinking 253 20.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 256 21 Fostering situation awareness and agile thinking 257 21.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 257 21.2 Training in situation awareness skills 257 21.3 Practical situation awareness tools and tactics 262 21.4 Recognizing loss of situation awareness 268 21.5 Fostering agile decision-making 270 21.6 Key learning points from this Chapter 275 22 Human Factors in emergencies 277 22.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 277 22.2 An example accident 277 22.3 Supporting human performance in emergencies 281 22.4 Non-technical skills for emergency response 284 22.5 Key learning points from this Chapter 297 Part 7: Working with contractors and managing change 299 23 Working with contractors 301 23.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 301 23.2 An accident involving contractors 301 23.3 Human Factors tactics for supporting contractors 304 23.4 Key learning points from this Chapter 307 24 Human Factors of operational level change 309 24.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 309 24.2 What do we mean by operational level change? 309 24.3 Operational level change and major accidents 310 24.4 Recognizing operational level changes that impact human performance 311 24.5 Managing Human Factors of changes 314 24.6 Key learning points from this Chapter 317 Part 8: Recognizing and learning from performance 319 25 Indicators of human performance 321 25.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 321 25.2 What are performance indicators? 321 25.3 Identifying human performance indicators 323 25.4 Examples of human performance indicators 324 25.5 Sharing and acting on human performance indicators 332 25.6 Key learning points from this Chapter 333 26 Learning from error and human performance 335 26.1 Learning objectives of this Chapter 335 26.2 The importance of understanding error 336 26.3 Examples of poor learning 338 26.4 Learning in high performing teams 340 26.5 Human Factors of investigating process 341 26.6 Selecting preventive Human Factors actions 356 26.7 Learning 359 26.8 Key learning points from this Chapter 362 Appendices A Human error concepts 373 B Major accident case studies 383 C Human Factors Competency Matrix 397 D Competency performance standards 415 E Learning methods and performance 420 F Situation awareness and behavioral markers 425 G Human Factors change checklist 431 Index 437

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Book SynopsisPRAISE FOR PRODUCT REALIZATION: GOING FROM ONE TO A MILLION A must-read reference for anyone who intends to successfully build a product and bring it to market. ?Desh Deshpande, Entrepreneur & Life Member of MIT Corporation This book is a go-to resource for new and experienced hardware teams to help them plan for and execute a new hardware startup successfully and avoid common pitfalls. Highly recommended. ?Bill Aulet, Managing Director, The Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship & Professor of the Practice, MIT Sloan School and Author of Disciplined Entrepreneurship An excellent, practical guide for first time entrepreneurs building physical world products. ?Laila Partridge, Managing Director, STANLEY+Techstars Accelerator Product Realization picks up where so many product design books end. Here is the book that explains it all ? chock full of shop-floor wisdom, fascinating stories and compelling examplesTable of ContentsAcknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Examples 2 1.2 Building Ten Thousand is Very Different from Building One 6 1.3 Product Realization is a Marathon 8 1.4 The Factory is Not a Giant 3D Printer 9 1.5 Three Rules 9 1.6 Why Learn about Product Realization? 10 1.7 Book Structure 12 Summary and Key Takeaways 15 2 Are You Ready to Start? 16 2.1 Is Your Concept Ready? 17 2.2 Is the Technology Mature Enough? 20 2.3 Is the Prototype Mature Enough? 21 2.4 Is the Product Definition Mature Enough? 22 2.5 Is Manufacturing Mature Enough? 24 2.6 Is there Enough Cash and Is there Enough Time? 25 2.7 How Ready is Ready? 27 Summary and Key Takeaways 28 3 Product Realization Process 29 3.1 Product Development Processes 30 3.2 Industry Standards 33 3.3 The Pilot Process 36 Summary and Key Takeaways 52 4 Project Management 53 4.1 Roles and Responsibilities 56 4.2 Critical Path 63 4.3 Risk Management 69 4.4 Managing Your Enterprise Data 74 Summary and Key Takeaways 79 5 Specifications 80 5.1 Integrating with the Product Development Process 83 5.2 Parts of the Specification Document 84 5.3 Gathering Information 89 5.4 Managing a Specifications Document 98 Summary and Key Takeaways 101 6 Product Definition 102 6.1 Types of Parts 105 6.2 Bill of Materials 114 6.3 Color, Material, and Finish (CMF) 123 6.4 Mechanical Drawing Package 126 6.5 Electronics Design Package 130 6.6 Packaging 131 Summary and Key Takeaways 137 7 Pilot-phase Quality Testing 138 7.1 Definition of Quality 140 7.2 Quality Testing 145 7.3 Pilot Quality Test Plan 149 Summary and Key Takeaways 176 8 Costs and Cash Flow 177 8.1 Terminology 179 8.2 Non-recurring Engineering Costs 183 8.3 Recurring Costs 188 8.4 Revenue and Order Fulfillment 203 8.5 Cash Flow 205 Summary and Key Takeaways 210 9 Manufacturing Systems 211 9.1 Production System Types 214 9.2 Dedicated Manufacturing Facilities 215 9.3 Areas in a Manufacturing Facility 220 9.4 Lean Principles 223 Summary and Key Takeaways 227 10 Design for Manufacturability and Design for X 228 10.1 Selecting Manufacturing Processes 230 10.2 Design for Manufacture 234 10.3 Design for Assembly 238 10.4 Design for Sustainability 240 10.5 Design for Maintenance 242 10.6 Design for Testing 244 10.7 Design for SKU Complexity 244 10.8 Eleven Basic Rules of DFX 245 Summary and Key Takeaways 251 11 Process Design 252 11.1 Process Flow 255 11.2 Manual vs. Automation 257 11.3 Work Allocation to Stations 258 11.4 Process Plans 259 11.5 Standard Operating Procedures 262 11.6 Material Handling 266 Summary and Key Takeaways 267 12 Tooling 268 12.1 Types and Their Uses 270 12.2 Tooling Strategy 277 12.3 Tooling Life-cycle 282 12.4 Tooling Plan 284 Summary and Key Takeaways 286 13 Production Quality 287 13.1 Measuring Quality 289 13.2 Tracking Quality 292 13.3 Production Quality Test Plan 296 13.4 Control Plans 303 Summary and Key Takeaways 306 14 Supply Chain 307 14.1 Make vs. Buy 309 14.2 Types of Supplier Relationships 310 14.3 Owning Manufacturing or Using a CM 314 14.4 Supplier Selection 319 14.5 Documents 322 14.6 Managing Your Supply Base 329 14.7 Single vs. Dual Sourcing 330 14.8 Touring a Factory 331 Summary and Key Takeaways 334 15 Production Planning 335 15.1 Production Planning Concepts 336 15.2 Forecast to Order Timeline 343 15.3 Complicating Factors 344 15.4 Shorter Lead Times are Better 349 Summary and Key Takeaways 350 16 Distribution 351 16.1 Distribution Process 353 16.2 Outsourcing Distribution 358 16.3 Distribution System Design 359 Summary and Key Takeaways 362 17 Certification and Labeling 363 17.1 Certifications 364 17.2 Labeling and Documentation 371 Summary and Key Takeaways 377 18 Customer Support 378 18.1 Warranty 381 18.2 Recall 383 18.3 Customer Support 385 18.4 Customer Support Data 393 Summary and Key Takeaways 399 19 Mass Production 400 19.1 Manufacturing Scalability 401 19.2 Continual Improvement 403 19.3 Cost Down 405 19.4 Auditing 408 19.5 Equipment Maintenance 409 19.6 Launching the Next Product 410 19.7 Conclusions 410 Summary and Key Takeaways 411 Glossary 412 Acronyms 428 References 431 Index 438

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Book SynopsisCelebrate the 26th anniversary of the Dogfish Head Craft Brewery with this rich, adventurous history The Dogfish Head Book: 26 Years of Off-Centered Adventures?celebrates a quarter-century in business for the Dogfish Head Craft Brewery. Over the past 26 years, the Dogfish Head founders have learned timeless lessons about working and living. This book shares their hard-earned insights and helps readers navigate life's adventures. Through its colorful design and photos,?The Dogfish Head Book?brings the brewing business to life. Inside, you'll find wisdom and entertainment in the form of memorabilia, photos, and the Dogfish Head Rules of Thumb. Food and beer lovers, entrepreneurs, and business professionals alike will enjoy this unique book, which also makes a perfect gift for any Dogfish Head fan or craft beer enthusiast. Since its start in 1995, Dogfish Head has grown exponentially to become one of the most celebrated craft breweries in the UTable of ContentsPreface 8 The City Lights Library at the Dogfish Inn 12 Chapter 1: Brewing Up ... A Love of Beer 15 How Sam Met Mariah 18 How Mariah Met Sam 20 Learn From Those Who Came Before You 22 The First Seeds of Beer Inspiration 24 Cherry Pale Ale 26 Coworker Profile: Olivia Dickinson 31 Chapter 2: What’s In A Name? 32 The Motto 34 The Shark & Shield 36 The Plan 38 Punkin Ale 43 The First Brewing System 46 Let the Brewing Begin 48 Signs 50 Prohibition and Dogfish Head 52 Shelter Pale Ale and Chicory Stout 62 Sugar 64 Aprihop 66 Immort Ale 68 Raison D’etre 71 Coworker Profile: Alison Ruark 73 The 5-Barrel System 74 Bottling 76 The Six Packs 79 Building A Bigger Brewery 80 World Wide Stout 86 Midas Touch 90 Namaste 94 90 Minute Ipa 96 Indian Brown Ale 100 Olde School Barleywine 103 Nobody Told Me There’’d Be Days Like This 108 Coworker Profile: Bryan Selders 115 Chapter 3: Think Global, Drink Local 116 Milton 119 Rhythm 122 Breaking the Rules of Brewing 124 Pangaea Festina Lente 128 60 Minute Ipa 130 Increasing Production 132 Raison D’extra 135 Bottlecaps 136 Burton Baton 138 Fort 140 Chateau Jiahu 142 Coworker Profile: Ryan & Janelle Mazur 144 Chapter 4: The OG Craft Beer Evangelist 146 Palo Santo Marron 152 Red & White 154 Black & Blue 156 The Big Ol’ Beer Bottle 158 The Mullet 160 Coworker Profile: Kenny Thorpe 163 Chapter 5: The Great Communicator 164 Mariah Explains 166 Theobroma 170 My Antonia 172 Sah’tea 174 The Spicing Pots 177 The Cold Storage 177 Liquor De Malt 178 Chicha 182 Saison Du Buff 184 Ta Henket 186 Bitches Brew 188 Hellhound 190 Urkontinent 192 Faithfull Ale 194 Positive Contact 196 Coworker Profile: Nora Sheehan 199 Chapter 6: Brew Masters 200 Grain To Glass 205 The Steampunk Tree House 206 Noble Rot 208 Oak-Aged Noble Rot 209 Tweason’ale 210 Savor Flowers 212 Birra Etrusca Bronze 214 Firefly Ale 216 American Beauty 218 Kvasir 220 Sixty-One 222 Piercing Pils 224 Coworker Profile: Wendy Domurat 227 Chapter 7: Take Your Pants Off 228 The Inn 238 Pennsylvania Tuxedo 256 Rosabi 259 Beer Thousand 260 Beer for Breakfast 262 Coworker Profile: Connie Park 265 Chapter 8: Enjoy the Journey 266 Celebrating the Epiphany 267 Joining the Fans 268 Proceed Slowly, 270 Go Thoughtfully 270 Higher Math 274 Sick Cider 276 Liquid Truth Serum 278 The Dogfish Head Distillery 280 Barrel Honey Rum 285 Analog Vodka 287 Chesapeake & Maine 289 Smoke on the Water Oysters 291 Seaquench Ale 294 Coworker Profile: Matt Barth 299 Chapter 9: The New R&D Brewery 300 Coworker Profile: Mark Carter 315 Chapter 10: Out with the Old, In With the New 316 “Wooden … It Be Nice!” V Bunyan’s Lunchbox Evolves To The Full-Fledged Tasting Room & Kitchen 334 Canned Cocktails 348 Our Latest Exploration 351 Coworker Profile: Seth Limanek 355 Coworker Profile: Cj And Cindy Novack 356 A Fan’s Perspective On 26 Years 359 Cheers To The Next 26! 366 Index 367

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Book SynopsisForest Ecology Forest Ecology An Evidence-Based Approach Forest ecology is the science that deals with everything in forests, including plants and animals (and their interactions), the features of the environment that affect plants and animals, and the interactions of humans and forests. All of these components of forests interact across scales of space and time. Some interactions are constrained, deterministic, and predictable; but most are indeterminant, contingent, and only broadly predictable. Forest Ecology: An Evidence-Based Approach examines the features common to all forests, and those unique cases that illustrate the importance of site-specific factors in determining the structure, function, and future of a forest. The author emphasizes the role of evidence in forest ecology, because appealing, simple stories often lead to misunderstandings about how forests work. A reliance on evidence is central to distinguishing between appealing stories and stories that actually fit real forests. The evidence-based approach emphasizes the importance of real-world, observable science in forests. Classical approaches to ecology in the twentieth century often over-emphasized appealing concepts that were not sufficiently based on real forests. The vast amount of information now available on forests allows a more complete coverage of forest ecology that relies on a strong, empirical foundation. Forest Ecology: An Evidence-Based Approach is the ideal companion text for the teaching of upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in forest ecology.Table of ContentsDedication Acknowledgements Preface Chapter 1: The nature of forest Chapter 2: Forest environments Chapter 3: Evolution and adaptation in forests Chapter 4: Physiology and life history of trees Chapter 5: Ecology of wildlife in forests Chapter 6: Forest soils, nutrient cycling, and hydrology Chapter 7: Ecology of growth of trees and forests Chapter 8: Forests across space Chapter 9: Forests through time Chapter 10: Events in forests: winds, insects and diseases Chapter 11: Events in forests: fire Chapter 12: Events in forests: management Chapter 13: Conservation, sustainability and restoration of forests Chapter 14: Forests of the future References Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xv Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview 1 The Shifting Landscape of Green Buildings 2 The Roots of Sustainable Construction 5 The Vocabulary of Sustainable Development and Construction 10 Rationale for High-Performance Buildings 14 State and Local Green Building Initiatives 15 Green Building Progress and Obstacles 17 Trends in High-Performance Green Building 18 Book Organization 24 BREEAM Case Study: Bloomberg European Headquarters, London 25 Summary and Conclusions 27 Part I: Green Building Foundations 31 Chapter 2: Background 35 The Driving Forces for Sustainable Construction 37 Ethics and Sustainability 40 Basic Concepts and Vocabulary 48 Major Environmental and Resource Concerns 57 The Green Building Movement 62 Case Study: OWP 11, Stuttgart, Germany 70 Summary and Conclusions 73 Chapter 3: Ecological Design 79 Design Versus Ecological Design 81 Contemporary Ecological Design 89 Key Green Building Publications: Early 1990s 90 Key Thinking About Ecological Design 93 Evolving the Concept of Ecological Design 97 Thermodynamics: Limits on Recycling and the Dissipation of Materials 107 Case Study: Kroon Hall, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 110 Synthesis 113 Summary and Conclusions 114 Part II: Assessing High-Performance Green Buildings 117 Chapter 4: Green Building Assessment 119 Purpose of Green Building Assessment Systems 119 Major Green Building Assessment Systems Used in the US 123 International Building Assessment Systems 127 BREEAM Case Study: Bloomberg European Headquarters, London 129 Green Star Case Study 134 GBEL Case Study 140 Summary and Conclusions 142 Chapter 5: The US Green Building Council LEED Building Rating System 145 Brief History of LEED 146 Structure of the LEED Suite of Building Rating Systems 147 LEED Credentials 149 LEED v4.1 Structure and Process 150 Green Building Certification Institute Relationship to the USGBC and LEED 152 LEED Certification Process 152 LEED Building Design and Construction Rating System 155 Regional Priority 173 Case Study: Stephan C. O’Connell Center at UF, Gainesville, Florida 174 Summary and Conclusions 177 Chapter 6: The Green Globes Building Assessment System 179 Green Globes Building Rating Tools 180 Structure of Green Globes for New Construction 182 Section 1: Project Management (100 Points) 183 Section 2: Site (150 Points) 184 Section 3: Energy (260 Points) 184 Section 4: Water (190 Points) 184 Section 5: Materials (150 Points) 185 Section 6: Indoor Environment (150 Points) 185 Green Globes Assessment and Certification Process 185 Green Globes Professional Credentials 187 Case Study: Health Sciences Building, St. Johns River State College, St. Augustine, Florida 188 Summary and Conclusions 194 Part III: Green Building Design 195 Chapter 7: The Green Building Design Process 197 Conventional Versus Green Building Delivery Systems 197 High-Performance Green Building Delivery System 200 Executing the Green Building Project 201 Owner Issues in High-Performance Green Building Projects 202 Setting Priorities and Making Other Key Initial Decisions 203 Selecting the Green Building Team 204 Role of the LEED Accredited Professional or Green Globes Professional in the Process 204 Integrated Design Process 205 Role of the Charrette in the Design Process 210 Green Building Documentation Requirements 212 LEED Documentation 212 Green Globes Documentation 214 Case Study: Theaterhaus, Stuttgart, Germany 214 Summary and Conclusions 218 Chapter 8: The Sustainable Site and Landscape 221 Land and Landscape Approaches for Green Buildings 222 Land Use Issues 223 Sustainable Landscapes 229 Green, or Living, Roofs 233 Vertical Landscaping 235 Enhancing Ecosystems 235 Stormwater Management 236 Low-Impact Development 237 Heat Island Mitigation 241 Light Trespass and Pollution Reduction 243 Assessment of Sustainable Sites: The Sustainable Sites Initiative 244 Case Study: Iowa Utilities Board/Consumer Advocate Office Building 245 Summary and Conclusions 250 Chapter 9: Building Energy Efficiency Strategies 253 Building Energy Issues 254 High-Performance Building Energy Design Strategies 258 HVAC Systems 279 Water-Heating Systems 284 Electrical Power System Components 286 Innovative Energy Optimization Strategies 291 Smart Buildings and Energy Management Systems (EMS) 300 Ozone-Depleting Chemicals in HVAC Systems 300 Case Study: The Pertamina Energy Tower: A Primer on Sustainable Skyscraper Design, Jakarta 301 Chapter 10: Built Environment Hydrologic Cycle 313 Global Water Resource Depletion 314 Hydrologic Cycle Terminology 318 Benefits of Water Efficiency 320 High-Performance Building Hydrologic Strategy 320 Building Plumbing Fixtures and Controls 324 Nonpotable Water Sources 328 Wastewater Strategies 333 Baseline Water Model Example 337 Use of Low-Flow Fixture Strategy 338 Use of Alternative Water Sources Strategy 339 Case Study: Lott Clean Water Alliance, Olympia, Washington 348 Case Study: Blackwater Recycling System, Salesforce Tower, San Francisco 350 Summary and Conclusions 352 Chapter 11: Closing Materials Loops 355 The Challenges of Materials and Product Selection 357 Issues in Green Building Materials and Product Selection 358 Selecting Building Materials and Products with a Focus on a Closed-Loop Materials System 365 Life-Cycle Assessment 368 Materials and Product Certification 375 Key and Emerging Construction Materials and Products 375 CLT Case Study: Brock Commons at the University of British Columbia 381 Case Study of Closing the Loop: Ecoworx® Carpet Tiles 385 Design for Deconstruction and Disassembly 389 Case Study: Project XX Office Building, Delft, Netherlands 392 Summary and Conclusions 395 Chapter 12: Built Environment Carbon Footprint 399 Human Impact on the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle 400 Climate Change and the Carbon Cycle 403 Climate Change Mitigation 407 Defining the Carbon Footprint of the Built Environment 411 Reducing the Carbon Footprint of the Built Environment 418 Carbon Neutrality and its Applicability to Buildings 419 Focusing on Mitigating Project Climate Change Impacts 421 Carbon Neutrality Case Study: The Hong Kong Zero Carbon Building 422 Carbon Neutrality Case Study: Glaxosmithkline Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, Nottingham, UK 423 Carbon Footprint Case Study: Rinker Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville 428 Chapter 13: Indoor Environmental Quality 435 Indoor Environmental Quality: The Issues 435 Integrated IEQ Design 445 Addressing the Main Components of Integrated Design 449 HVAC Systems and IEQ 465 Emissions from Building Materials 468 The WELL and Fitwel Building Standards 474 Summary and Conclusions 475 Part IV: Green Building Implementation 479 Chapter 14: Construction Operations and Commissioning 481 Site Protection Planning 481 Managing Indoor Air Quality during Construction 486 Construction Materials Management 489 Construction and Demolition Waste Management 492 Commissioning 495 Summary and Conclusions 501 Chapter 15: Green Building Economics 503 General Approach 504 The Business Case for High-Performance Green Buildings 507 Economics of Green Building 509 Quantifying Green Building Benefits 510 Managing First Costs 522 Tunneling through the Cost Barrier 525 Summary and Conclusions 527 Chapter 16: Resilience in the Context of Sustainable Construction 529 Resilience Concepts and Scope 530 Codes and Standards for Built Environment Resilience 532 Designing Resilient Buildings 535 Green Building Assessment and Resilience 536 Community Resilience 539 Resilient Community Case Study: Boston 540 Resilience Building Case Studies: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, and the Salt Lake City Public Safety Building 542 Chapter 17: The Cutting Edge of Sustainable Construction 547 Articulating Performance Goals for High-Performance Green Buildings 548 The Challenges 548 Revamping Ecological Design 556 Today’s Cutting Edges 559 Case Study of a Cutting-Edge Design: The Federal Building, San Francisco 561 Case Studies of Green Skyscrapers 566 Summary and Conclusions 578 Appendix A Green Globes for New Construction Based on ANSI/Gbapp01-2019 581 Appendix B WELL Building Standard® Features Matrix and Fitwel Building Standard® Features Matrix 589 Appendix C The Sustainable Sites Initiative™ (SITES™) v2 Rating System for Sustainable Land Design and Development 595 Appendix D Resilient Design Strategies at Building Scale 599 Appendix E Abbreviations and Acronyms 601 Glossary 607 Index 621

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Book SynopsisA revised text that presents specific design methods within an overall strategy from concept to detail design The fifth edition of Engineering Design Methods is an improved and updated version of this very successful, classic text on engineering product design. It provides an overview of design activities and processes, detailed descriptions and examples of how to use key design methods, and outlines design project strategies and management techniques. Written by a noted expert on the topic, the new edition contains an enriched variety of examples and case studies, and up to date material on design thinking and the development of design expertise. This new edition opens with a compelling original case study of a revolutionary new city-car design by ex-Formula One designer Gordon Murray. The study illustrates the complete development of a novel design and brings to life the process of design, from concept through to prototype. The core of the book presents detailed instructions and examples for using design methods throughout the design process, ranging from identifying new product opportunities, through establishing functions and setting requirements, to generating, evaluating and improving alternative designs. This important book: Offers a revised and updated edition of an established, successful text on understanding the design process and using design methodsIncludes new material on design thinking and design ability and new examples of the use of design methodsPresents clear, detailed and illustrated presentations of eight key design methods in engineering product design Written for undergraduates and postgraduates across all fields of engineering and product design, the fifth edition of Engineering Design Methods offers an updated, substantial, and reliable text on product design and innovation.Table of ContentsIntroduction vii Part One: Design Fundamentals 1 1 The Activity of Design 3 What Designers Say 3 What Designers Do 5 Case Study 9 2 The Nature of Design 15 Design Problems 15 Problem Structures 18 How Designers Problem-Solve 21 3 The Process of Design 27 Descriptive Models 27 Prescriptive Models 30 Integrative Models 37 Part Two: Design Practice 41 4 Design Procedures 43 Systematic Procedures 43 Design Methods 44 Creative Methods 46 Rational Methods 53 5 Identifying Opportunities 57 The User Scenarios Method 58 6 Clarifying Objectives 73 The Objectives Tree Method 74 7 Establishing Functions 87 The Function Analysis Method 88 8 Setting Requirements 99 The Performance Specification Method 100 9 Determining Characteristics 113 The Quality Function Deployment Method 114 10 Generating Alternatives 129 The Morphological Chart Method 130 11 Evaluating Alternatives 143 The Weighted Objectives Method 144 12 Improving Details 161 The Value Engineering Method 162 13 Design Strategies 179 What is a Design Strategy? 179 Strategy Frameworks 183 Strategy Control 185 Learning to Design 186 Developing Expertise 188 Part Three: Design Thinking 191 14 Design and Innovation 193 Product Planning 193 Systems Design 198 References and Sources 203 Index 205

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface How to Navigate this Book 1 Introduction 2 Site Analysis, Set-Up, Drainage and Scaffolding 3 Ground Stability and Foundations 4 Floors 5 Loadbearing Walls 6 Roofs 7 Windows 8 Doors 9 Stairs and Ramps 10 Surface Finishes 11 Internal Environment and Energy Supply 12 Water Supply and Sanitation

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I Fundamentals of soil mechanics 1 Classification and Physical Properties of Soils Learning outcomes Agricultural and engineering soil Origin of soil Clay soils Field identification of soils Laboratory classification of soils Activity of a clay Soil classification and description Soil properties Exercises 2 Permeability and Flow of Water in Soils Learning outcomes Subsurface water Flow of water through soils Darcy’s law of saturated flow Coefficient of permeability, k Determination of permeability in the laboratory Determination of permeability in the field Approximation of coefficient of permeability General differential equation of flow Potential and stream functions Flow nets Critical flow conditions Design of soil filters Capillarity and unsaturated soils Earth dams Seepage through non-uniform soil deposits Exercises 3 Total and Effective Stress Learning outcomes State of stress in a soil mass Total stress Pore Pressure Effective stress Stresses induced by applied loads Exercises 4 Shear Strength of Soils Learning outcomes Elastic stresses and strains Friction Complex stress The Mohr circle diagram Cohesion Coulomb’s law of soil shear strength Modified Coulomb’s law The Mohr–Coulomb yield theory Determination of the shear strength parameters Determination of the shear strength parameters from triaxial testing The pore pressure coefficients A and B The triaxial extension test Behaviour of soils under shear Operative strengths of soils The critical state Sensitivity of clays Residual strength of soil Exercises Part II Geotechnical codes and standards and site investigation 5 stress paths and critical state Stress paths in two-dimensional space Stress paths in three-dimensional space Isotropic consolidation Stress paths in the triaxial apparatus Exercises 6 Eurocode 7 Introduction to the Structural Eurocodes Introduction to Eurocode 7 Using Eurocode 7: basis of geotechnical design Geotechnical design by calculation Ultimate limit states The EQU limit state The GEO limit state and Design Approaches Serviceability limit states Geotechnical design report 7 Site Investigation EN 1997-2:2007 – Ground investigation and testing Planning of ground investigations Site exploration methods Soil and rock sampling Groundwater measurements Field tests in soil and rock Geotechnical reports Part III Advanced soil mechanics and applications 8 Lateral Earth Pressure Learning outcomes Earth pressure at rest Active and passive earth pressure Rankine’s theory: granular soils, active earth pressure Rankine’s theory: granular soils, passive earth pressure Rankine’s theory: cohesive soils Coulomb’s wedge theory: active earth pressure Coulomb’s wedge theory: passive earth pressure Surcharges Choice of method for determination of active pressure Backfill material Influence of wall yield on design Design parameters for different soil types Exercises 9 Retaining Structures Learning outcomes Main types of earth retaining structures Gravity walls Embedded walls Failure modes of earth retaining structures Design of gravity retaining walls Design of sheet pile walls Braced excavations Reinforced soil Soil nailing Exercises 10 Bearing Capacity and Shallow Foundations Learning outcomes Bearing capacity terms Types of foundation Ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation Determination of the safe bearing capacity The effect of groundwater on bearing capacity Developments in bearing capacity equations Designing spread foundations to Eurocode 7 Non-homogeneous soil conditions Estimates of bearing capacity from in situ testing Exercises 11 Pile Foundations Learning outcomes Introduction Classification of piles Method of installation Pile load testing Determination of the bearing capacity of a pile Designing pile foundations to Eurocode 7 Pile groups Exercises 12 Foundation Settlement and soil compression Learning outcomes Settlement of a foundation Immediate settlement Consolidation settlement Application of consolidation test results General consolidation Eurocode 7 serviceability limit state Isotropic consolidation Two-dimensional stress paths Exercises 13 Rate of Foundation Settlement Learning outcomes Analogy of consolidation settlement Distribution of the initial excess pore pressure, ui Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation Average degree of consolidation Drainage path length Determination of the coefficient of consolidation, cv, from the consolidation test Determination of the permeability coefficient from the consolidation test Determination of the consolidation coefficient from the triaxial test The model law of consolidation Consolidation during construction Consolidation by drainage in two and three dimensions Numerical determination of consolidation rates Construction pore pressures in an earth dam Numerical solutions for two- and three-dimensional consolidation Sand drains Exercises 14 Stability of Slopes Learning outcomes Planar failures Rotational failures Slope stability design charts Wedge failure Slope stability analysis to Eurocode 7 Exercises 15 Compaction and Soil Mechanics Aspects of Highway Design Learning outcomes Field compaction of soils Laboratory compaction of soils Specification of the field compacted density Field measurement tests Highway design Exercises 16 An introduction to geomechanical modelling Learning outcomes Constitutive models and their use in geotechnical engineering Micro and macro models Elastic models: linear, on-linear, isotropic and anisotropic Applications and limitations of elastic models Introduction to plasticity theory Elasto-plastic models Applications of elasto-plastic models Examples References Index

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Book Synopsis3D Scanning for Advanced Manufacturing, Design, and Construction Learn how 3D scanning technology drives advanced manufacturing and modern construction 3D scanning technology allows non-contact scanning of objects for unprecedented data collection, analysis, and modeling. 3D models created this way are valuable at every stage of the design and build process and they have become a staple in additive manufacturing or 3D printing. As 3D printing transforms global industry at every scale, there has never been a better time for engineers and industrial professionals to be competitive in the area of 3D scanning, a multibillion-dollar market that continues to grow. 3D Scanning Technology for Advanced Manufacturing, Design, and Construction provides a comprehensive introduction to 3D scanning and its applications in both the AEC and manufacturing industries. After establishing the history and basic principles of 3D scanning, it includes discussions of the various Table of ContentsPreface xi How to Use This Book xiii Chapter 1 History of Metrology 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 The History of Metrology 2 1.3 The International System of Units (SI) 3 1.4 The History of the Metric System 3 1.5 The History of the British Imperial System (IS) 4 1.6 Evolution of Metrology 13 1.7 Milestones of Metrology 22 Chapter 2 3D Scanning Basics 25 2.1 Basics of Laser Light Technology 25 2.2 Laser Safety 25 2.3 So What Exactly Is a Laser? 28 2.4 Laser Types 29 2.5 LIDAR vs Laser-Radar 32 2.6 Laser-Radar 32 2.7 Basics of 3D Scanning 35 2.8 How It Works 35 2.9 Limitations 35 2.10 Accuracy 36 2.11 Modern Metrology 37 Chapter 3 Scanning Equipment 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Triangulating Laser Scanners 39 3.3 Data Acquisition Variables 41 Chapter 4 Data Acquisition and Processing Software 65 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Data Acquisition Software 66 4.3 Inspection Software 71 4.4 Data Export Options 72 4.5 Point Clouds 73 4.6 Processing and Registration 78 4.7 Survey Controls 80 4.8 Polygonal Mesh 81 4.9 Using Processed Datasets 82 Chapter 5 Post-Processing 85 5.1 Introduction 85 5.2 Coordinate Systems 86 5.3 Scaling 93 5.4 Mapping Techniques 93 5.5 CAD to Part Comparison 97 5.6 Root Mean Square and Standard Deviation 98 5.7 The Method of Least Squares 99 5.8 What Is Uncertainty? 102 5.9 Contributing Factors to Uncertainty 105 5.10 Typical Post-processing Workflow 108 Chapter 6 Reverse Engineering for Industrial and Consumer Applications 111 6.1 Introduction 111 6.2 Industrial Applications 112 6.3 Case Studies 118 6.4 Racing Yacht Boat Build 118 6.5 Reverse Engineering: Cessna Caravan Performance Upgrade 121 6.6 Replication of a Classic Propeller Design 123 6.7 Roller Coaster Inspection 126 6.8 Argomaiden Sculpture 129 Chapter 7 Reverse Engineering for Architecture, Engineering, and Construction 133 7.1 Introduction 133 7.2 Modeling for Architects and Engineers 134 7.3 Case Studies 142 7.4 Research Facility Coordinate Control System 142 7.5 Architectural Ornament Replication 146 7.6 Fonthill Castle, Bronx, NY 149 7.7 Infrastructure Preservation 153 7.8 Generating Station Turbine Replacement 158 Chapter 8 Future Directions 161 8.1 Software Development 162 8.2 Technology 162 8.3 Extended Reality 163 8.4 UAV and AV 165 8.5 Industry Trends 165 8.6 Summary 168 Chapter 9 Resources 169 9.1 Units of Measure 175 9.2 Coordinate Metrology Society (CMS) Certification 181 9.3 Certification Committee 181 9.4 CMS Certification Levels 183 9.5 CMS Level-Two Certification 185 9.6 National Metrology Laboratories and Institutes 187 Metrology Glossary 191 Index 201

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Book SynopsisINTRODUCTION TO LOGISTICS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT The updated new edition of the award-winning introductory textbook on logistics system management Introduction to Logistics Systems Management provides an in-depth introduction to the methodological aspects of planning, organization, and control of logistics for organizations in the private, public and non-profit sectors. Based on the authors' extensive teaching, research, and industrial consulting experience, this classic textbook is used in universities worldwide to teach students the use of quantitative methods for solving complex logistics problems. Fully updated and revised, the third edition places increased emphasis on the complexity and flexibility required by modern logistics systems. In this context, the extensive use of data, descriptive analytics, predictive models, and optimization techniques will be invaluable to support the decisions and actions of logistics and supply chain managers. Throughout the book, brand-new case studies and numerical examples illustrate how various methods can be used in industrial and service logistics to reduce costs and improve service levels. The book: includes new models and techniques that have emerged over the past decade; describes methodologies for logistics decision making, forecasting, logistics system design, procurement, warehouse management, and freight transportation management; includes end-of-chapter exercises, Microsoft Excel files and Python computer codes for each algorithm covered; includes access to a companion website with additional exercises, links to video tutorials, and supplementary teaching material. To facilitate creation of course material, additional LaTeX source data containing the formulae, optimization models, tables and algorithms described in the book is available to instructors. Introduction to Logistics Systems Management, Third Edition remains an essential textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students in engineering, computer science, and management science courses. It is also a highly useful reference for academic researchers and industry practitioners alike.Table of ContentsForeword xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii About the Authors xviii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introducing Logistics 1 1.1 Definition of Logistics 1 1.2 Logistics Systems 3 1.3 Supply Chains 5 1.3.1 Logistics Versus Supply Chain Management 5 1.3.2 A Taxonomy of Supply Chains 5 1.3.3 The Bullwhip Effect 6 1.4 Logistics Service Providers 8 1.5 Logistics in Service Organizations 9 1.5.1 Logistics in Solid Waste Management 9 1.5.2 Humanitarian Logistics 10 1.6 Case Studies 11 1.6.1 Apple 11 1.6.2 Adidas AG 13 1.6.3 Galbani 14 1.6.4 Pfizer 15 1.6.5 Amazon 18 1.6.6 FedEx 20 1.6.7 A.P. Moller-Maersk 21 1.6.8 Canadian Pacific Railway 23 1.7 Trends in Logistics 24 1.7.1 Reverse and Sustainable Logistics 24 1.7.2 E-commerce Logistics 26 1.7.3 City Logistics 28 1.8 Logistics Objectives and KPIs 30 1.8.1 Capital-related KPIs 30 1.8.2 Cost-related KPIs 31 1.8.3 Service Level-related KPIs 32 1.9 Logistics Management 36 1.9.1 Logistics Planning 37 1.9.2 Logistics Organizational Structures 37 1.9.3 Controlling 41 1.10 Data Analytics in Logistics 48 1.10.1 Descriptive Analytics 48 1.10.2 Predictive Analytics 49 1.10.3 Prescriptive Analytics 49 1.11 Segmentation Analysis 69 1.11.1 Customer Segmentation 69 1.11.2 Product Segmentation 70 1.12 Information Systems 73 1.13 Questions and Problems 75 2 Forecasting Logistics Data 83 2.1 Introduction 83 2.2 Qualitative Methods 84 2.3 Quantitative Methods 85 2.3.1 Explanatory Versus Extrapolation Methods 87 2.3.2 The Forecasting Process 87 2.4 Exploratory Data Analysis 88 2.4.1 The Univariate Case 88 2.4.2 Histograms 89 2.4.3 Boxplots 90 2.4.4 Time Series Plots 92 2.4.5 The Bivariate Case 92 2.4.6 Scatterplots 93 2.5 Data Preprocessing 93 2.5.1 Insertion of Missing Data 93 2.5.2 Detection of Outliers 95 2.5.3 Data Aggregation 96 2.5.4 Removing Calendar Variations 98 2.5.5 Deflating Monetary Time Series 99 2.5.6 Adjusting for Population Variations 101 2.5.7 Data Normalization 101 2.6 Classification of Time Series 102 2.7 Explanatory Methods 105 2.7.1 Forecasting with Regression 105 2.7.2 Multicollinearity 107 2.7.3 Categorical Predictors 107 2.7.4 Coefficient of Determination 108 2.7.5 Polynomial Regression 109 2.7.6 Linear–log, Log–linear and Log–log Regression Models 111 2.7.7 Underfitting and Overfitting 111 2.7.8 Forecasting with Machine Learning 113 2.8 Extrapolation Methods 118 2.8.1 Notation 118 2.8.2 Decomposition Method 119 2.8.3 Further Extrapolation Methods: the Constant-trend Case 127 2.8.4 Further Extrapolation Methods: the Linear-trend Case 132 2.8.5 Further Extrapolation Methods: the Seasonality Case 137 2.8.6 Further Extrapolation Methods: the Irregular Time Series Case 146 2.8.7 Further Extrapolation Methods: the Intermittent Time Series Case 148 2.9 Accuracy Measures 154 2.9.1 Calibration of the Parametrized Forecasting Methods 155 2.9.2 Selection of the Most Accurate Forecasting Method 157 2.10 Forecasting Control 158 2.10.1 Tracking Signal 158 2.10.2 Control Charts 159 2.11 Interval Forecasts 162 2.12 Case Study: Sales Forecasting at Shivoham 163 2.13 Case Study: Sales Forecasting at Orlea 164 2.14 Questions and Problems 165 3 Designing the Logistics Network 177 3.1 Introduction 177 3.2 Classification of Logistics Network Design Problems 178 3.3 The Number of Facilities in a Logistics System 181 3.4 Qualitative Versus Quantitative Location Methods 183 3.5 The Weighted Scoring Method 183 3.6 The Analytical Hierarchy Process 185 3.7 Single-commodity One-echelon Continuous Location Problems 190 3.8 Single-commodity Two-echelon Continuous Location Problems 197 3.9 Single-commodity One-echelon Discrete Location Problems 200 3.10 Single-commodity Two-echelon Discrete Location Problems 222 3.11 The Multi-commodity Case 226 3.12 Location-covering Problems 230 3.13 p-centre Problems 234 3.14 Data Aggregation 241 3.15 Location Models Under Uncertainty 244 3.15.1 A Stochastic Location–allocation Model 244 3.15.2 A Location-routing Model with Uncertain Demand 247 3.16 Case Study: Intermodal Container Depot Location at Hardcastle 251 3.17 Case Study: Location–Allocation Decisions at the Italian National Transplant Centre 254 3.18 Questions and Problems 256 4 Selecting the Suppliers 267 4.1 Introduction 267 4.2 Definition of the Set of Potential Suppliers 269 4.3 Definition of the Selection Criteria 270 4.4 Supplier Selection 274 4.5 Supplier Relationship Management Software 278 4.6 Case Study: the System for the Selection of Suppliers at Baxter 279 4.7 Case Study: the Supplier Selection at Onokar 282 4.8 Questions and Problems 284 5 Managing a Warehouse 290 5.1 Introduction 290 5.1.1 Warehouse Operations 290 5.1.2 Warehouse Functional Zones 292 5.1.3 Advantages of Warehousing 294 5.2 Types of Warehouses 294 5.2.1 Classification with Respect to the Position in the Logistics System 294 5.2.2 Classification with Respect to Ownership 296 5.2.3 Classification with Respect to Climate-control 297 5.2.4 Classification with Respect to the Level of Automation 297 5.3 Warehousing Costs 298 5.4 Unit Loads 300 5.4.1 Freight Classification 300 5.4.2 Unit Loads and Stock Keeping Units 301 5.4.3 Packaging 301 5.4.4 Palletized Unit Loads 302 5.4.5 Containerized Unit Loads 305 5.5 Storage Systems 307 5.5.1 Block Stacking 307 5.5.2 Pallet Racks 307 5.5.3 Shelves 311 5.5.4 Cabinet and Carousel Systems 313 5.6 Internal Transportation Systems 314 5.6.1 Manual Handling and Non-autonomous Vehicles 315 5.6.2 Automated Guided Vehicles 318 5.6.3 Stacker Cranes 320 5.6.4 Conveyors 321 5.7 Product Identification Systems 322 5.7.1 SKU Codes 322 5.7.2 Global Trade Item Numbers 323 5.7.3 Barcodes 323 5.7.4 QR Codes 325 5.7.5 Logistic Labels 325 5.7.6 Radio-frequency Identification 325 5.8 Warehouse Performance Measures 327 5.9 Warehouse Management Systems 333 5.10 Warehouse Design 335 5.10.1 Internal Transportation Technology Selection 336 5.10.2 Layout Design 337 5.10.3 Sizing of the Storage Zone 341 5.10.4 Sizing of the Receiving and Shipping Zones 348 5.10.5 Sizing of an AS/RS 349 5.10.6 Sizing a Vehicle-based Internal Transportation System 354 5.11 Storage Space Allocation 355 5.12 Inventory Management 360 5.12.1 Deterministic models 361 5.12.2 Stochastic Models 373 5.12.3 Selecting an Inventory Policy 380 5.12.4 Multiproduct Inventory Models 382 5.13 Crossdock Door Assignment Problem 387 5.14 Put-away and Order Picking Optimization 390 5.14.1 Parts-to-picker Systems 390 5.14.2 Picker-to-parts and AGV-based Systems 390 5.15 Load Consolidation 397 5.15.1 One-dimensional Bin Packing Problems 400 5.15.2 Two-dimensional Bin Packing Problems 403 5.15.3 Three-dimensional Bin Packing Problems 406 5.16 Case Study: Inventory Management at Wolferine 415 5.17 Case Study: Airplane Loading at FedEx 416 5.18 Questions and problems 418 6 Managing Freight Transportation 431 6.1 Introduction 431 6.2 Transportation Modes 431 6.2.1 Road Transportation 432 6.2.2 Water Transportation 434 6.2.3 Rail Transportation 437 6.2.4 Air Transportation 438 6.2.5 Pipeline Transportation 439 6.2.6 Intermodal Transportation 439 6.2.7 Comparison Among Transportation Modes 440 6.3 Freight Transportation Terminals 443 6.3.1 Port Terminals 444 6.3.2 Air Cargo Terminals 446 6.3.3 Rail Freight Terminals 448 6.3.4 Road Freight Terminals 449 6.4 Classification of Freight Transportation Management Problems 450 6.4.1 Long-haul Freight Transportation Management 450 6.4.2 Freight Transportation Terminal Management 451 6.4.3 Short-haul Freight Transportation Management 452 6.5 Transportation Management Systems 454 6.6 Freight Traffic Assignment Problems 455 6.6.1 Minimum-cost Flow Formulation 456 6.6.2 Linear Single-commodity Minimum-cost Flow Problems 458 6.6.3 Linear Multi-commodity Minimum-cost Flow Problems 465 6.7 Service Network Design Problems 471 6.8 Vehicle Allocation Problems 478 6.9 A Dynamic Driver Assignment Problem 481 6.10 Vehicle Fleet Composition 483 6.11 Shipment Consolidation 485 6.12 Vehicle Routing Problems 488 6.12.1 The Travelling Salesman Problem 491 6.12.2 The Node Routing Problem with Operational Constraints 506 6.12.3 The Node Routing and Scheduling Problem with Time Windows 519 6.12.4 Arc Routing Problems 530 6.12.5 Route Sequencing 540 6.13 Real-time Vehicle Routing Problems 541 6.14 Integrated Location and Routing Problems 543 6.15 Inventory Routing Problems 545 6.16 Case Study: Air Network Design at Intexpress 555 6.17 Case Study: Dynamic Vehicle-dispatching Problem with Pickups and Deliveries at eCourier 559 6.18 Questions and Problems 561 Index 572

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Simulation and Hardware Implementation Example and Figures xiii Preface xv Acknowledgment xvii About the Companion Website xix Chapter 1 Power Electronics: An Enabling Technology 1 1.1 Introduction to Power Electronics 1 1.2 Applications and the Role of Power Electronics 2 1.3 Energy and the Environment: Role of Power Electronics in Providing Sustainable Electric Energy 4 1.4 Need for High Efficiency and High Power Density 8 1.5 Structure of Power Electronics Interface 9 1.6 Voltage-Link-Structure 11 1.7 Recent Advances in Solid-State Devices Based on Wide Bandgap (WBG) Materials 16 1.8 Use of Simulation and Hardware Prototyping 16 References 17 Problems 18 Chapter 2 Design of Switching Power-poles 21 2.1 Power Transistors and Power Diodes 21 2.2 Selection of Power Transistors 22 2.3 Selection of Power Diodes 24 2.4 Switching Characteristics and Power Losses in Power Poles 25 2.5 Justifying Switches and Diodes as Ideal 30 2.6 Design Considerations 31 2.7 The PWM IC 34 2.8 Hardware Prototyping 35 References 36 Problems 36 Appendix 2A Diode Reverse Recovery and Power Losses 37 Chapter 3 Switch-mode Dc-dc Converters: Switching Analysis, Topology Selection, and Design 41 3.1 DC-DC Converters 41 3.2 Switching Power-Pole in DC Steady State 41 3.3 Simplifying Assumptions 45 3.4 Common Operating Principles 46 3.5 Buck Converter Switching Analysis in DC Steady State 46 3.6 Boost Converter Switching Analysis in DC Steady State 51 3.7 Buck-Boost Converter Analysis in DC Steady State 57 3.8 Topology Selection 65 3.9 Worst-Case Design 66 3.10 Synchronous-Rectified Buck Converter for Very Low Output Voltages 66 3.11 Interleaving of Converters 71 3.12 Regulation of DC-DC Converters by PWM 71 3.13 Dynamic Average Representation of Converters in CCM 72 3.14 Bi-Directional Switching Power-Pole 74 3.15 Discontinuous-Conduction Mode (DCM) 75 References 86 Problems 86 Appendix 3A Average Representation in Discontinuous- Conduction Mode (DCM) 92 Chapter 4 Designing Feedback Controllers in Switch-mode Dc Power Supplies 97 4.1 Introduction and Objectives of Feedback Control 97 4.2 Review of Linear Control Theory 98 4.3 Linearization of Various Transfer Function Blocks 100 4.4 Feedback Controller Design in Voltage-Mode Control 106 4.5 Peak-Current Mode Control 113 4.6 Feedback Controller Design in DCM 123 References 124 Problems 124 Appendix 4A Bode Plots of Transfer Functions with Poles and Zeros 125 Appendix 4B Transfer Functions in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) 128 Appendix 4C Derivation of Parameters of the Controller Transfer Functions 134 Chapter 5 Rectification of Utility Input Using Diode Rectifiers 139 Rectifiers 139 5.1 Introduction 139 5.2 Distortion and Power Factor 140 5.3 Classifying the “Front-End” of Power Electronic Systems 148 Electronic Systems 148 5.4 Diode-Rectifier Bridge “Front-End” 148 5.5 Means to Avoid Transient Inrush Currents at Starting 156 5.6 Front-Ends with Bi-Directional Power Flow 157 References 157 Problems 157 Chapter 6 Power-factor-correction (PFC) Circuits And Designing the Feedback Controller And Designing the Feedback Controller 159 6.1 Introduction 159 6.2 Operating Principle of Single-Phase PFCS 159 6.3 Control of PFCS 162 6.4 Designing the Inner Average-Current-Control Loop 163 6.5 Designing the Outer Voltage-Control Loop 165 6.6 Example of Single-Phase PFC Systems 167 6.7 Simulation Results 168 6.8 Feedforward of the Input Voltage 169 6.9 Other Control Methods for PFCS 169 References 170 Problems 170 Appendix 6A Proof that IˆS3/IˆL2 =1/2 Appendix 6b Proof That V ̃d I ĩ L(s)=1 I 2 Vˆs/Vd R I 2/ 1+ s (R /2)C Chapter 7 Magnetic Circuit Concepts 173 7.1 Ampere-Turns and Flux 173 7.2 Inductance l 174 7.3 Faraday’s Law: Induced Voltage in a Coil Due to Time-Rate of Change of Flux Linkage 176 7.4 Leakage and Magnetizing Inductances 177 7.5 Transformers 179 Reference 182 Problems 182 Chapter 8 Switch-mode Dc Power Supplies 185 8.1 Applications of Switch-Mode DC Power Supplies 185 8.2 Need for Electrical Isolation 186 8.3 Classification of Transformer-Isolated DC-DC Converters 186 8.4 Flyback Converters 186 8.5 Forward Converters 198 8.6 Full-Bridge Converters 204 8.7 Half-Bridge and Push-Pull Converters 209 8.8 Practical Considerations 209 References 210 Problems 211 Chapter 9 Design of High-frequency Inductors and Transformers 215 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 Basics of Magnetic Design 215 9.3 Inductor and Transformer Construction 216 9.4 Area-Product Method 216 9.5 Design Example of an Inductor 219 9.6 Design Example of a Transformer for a Forward Converter 221 9.7 Thermal Considerations 221 References 222 Problems 222 Chapter 10 Soft-switching in Dc-dc Converters and Half-bridge Resonant Converters 223 10.1 Introduction 223 10.2 Hard-Switching in Switching Power poles 223 10.3 Soft-switching in Switching Power-Poles 225 10.4 Half-Bridge Resonant Converter 228 References 230 Problems 230 Chapter 11 Applications of Switch-mode Power Electronics in Motor Drives, Uninterruptible Power Supplies, And Power Systems 231 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Electric Motor Drives 231 11.3 Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) 244 11.4 Utility Applications of Switch-Mode Power Electronics 244 Reference 246 Problems 246 Chapter 12 Synthesis of Dc and Low-frequency Sinusoidal Ac Voltages for Motor Drives, Ups, and Power Systems Applications 249 12.1 Introduction 249 12.2 Bidirectional Switching Power-Pole as the Building Block 250 12.3 Converters for DC Motor Drives (−Vd 12.4 Synthesis of Low-Frequency AC 260 12.5 Single-Phase Inverters 261 12.6 Three-Phase Inverters 266 12.7 Multilevel Inverters 280 12.8 Converters For Bidirectional Power Flow 281 12.9 Matrix Converters (Direct Link System) 283 References 284 Problems 284 Chapter 13 Thyristor Converters 287 13.1 Introduction 287 13.2 Thyristors (SCRs) 287 13.3 Single-phase, Phase-controlled Thyristor Converters 289 13.4 Three-Phase, Full-Bridge Thyristor Converters 294 13.5 Current-Link Systems 300 Reference 301 Problems 301 Chapter 14 Utility Applications of Power Electronics 303 14.1 Introduction 303 14.2 Power Semiconductor Devices and Their Capabilities 304 14.3 Categorizing Power Electronic Systems 305 14.4 Distributed Generation (DG) Applications 306 14.5 Power Electronic Loads 311 14.6 Power Quality Solutions 312 14.7 Transmission and Distribution (T&D) Applications 313 References 317 Problems 317 Index 319

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTable of Contents: 1 Introduction and Preliminaries 1.1 A Thermodynamic System and the Control Volume 1.2 Macroscopic Versus Microscopic Points of View 1.3 Properties and State of a Substance 1.4 Processes and Cycles 1.5 Units for Mass, Length, Time, and Force 1.6 Specific Volume and Density 1.7 Pressure 1.8 Energy 1.9 Equality of Temperature 1.10 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 1.11 Temperature Scales 1.12 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 2 Properties of a Pure Substance 2.1 The Pure Substance 2.2 The Phase Boundaries 2.3 The P–v–T Surface 2.4 Tables of Thermodynamic Properties 2.5 The Two-Phase States 2.6 The Liquid and Solid States 2.7 The Superheated Vapor States 2.8 The Ideal Gas States 2.9 The Compressibility Factor 2.10 Equations of State 2.11 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 3 Energy Equation and First Law of Thermodynamics 3.1 The Energy Equation 3.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 3.3 The Definition of Work 3.4 Work Done at the Moving Boundary of a Simple Compressible System 3.5 Definition of Heat 3.6 Heat Transfer Modes 3.7 Internal Energy—A Thermodynamic Property 3.8 Problem Analysis and Solution Technique 3.9 The Thermodynamic Property Enthalpy 3.10 The Constant-Volume and Constant-Pressure Specific Heats 3.11 The Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heat of Ideal Gases 3.12 Nonuniform Distribution of States and Mass 3.13 The Transient Heat Transfer Process 3.15 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 4 Energy Analysis for a Control Volume 4.1 Conservation of Mass and the Control Volume 4.2 The Energy Equation for a Control Volume 4.3 The Steady-State Process 4.4 Examples of Steady-State Processes 4.5 Multiple-Flow Devices 4.6 The Transient Flow Process 4.7 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 5.1 Heat Engines and Refrigerators, and Heat Pump 5.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 5.3 The Reversible Process 5.4 Factors That Render Processes Irreversible 5.5 The Carnot Cycle 5.6 Two Propositions Regarding the Efficiency of a Carnot Cycle 5.7 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale 5.8 The Ideal Gas Temperature Scale 5.9 Ideal Versus Real Machines 5.10 The Inequality of Clausius 5.11 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 6 Entropy 6.1 Entropy—A Property of a System 6.2 The Entropy of a Pure Substance 6.3 Entropy Change in Reversible Processes 6.4 The Thermodynamic Property Relation 6.5 Entropy Change of a Solid Or Liquid 6.6 Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas 6.7 The Reversible Polytropic Process for an Ideal Gas 6.8 Entropy Change of a Control Mass During an Irreversible Process 6.9 Entropy Generation and the Entropy Equation 6.10 Principle of the Increase of Entropy 6.11 Entropy Balance Equation in a Rate Equation 6.12 Some General Comments About Entropy and Chaos Summary Problems 7 Entropy Analysis for a Control Volume 7.1 The Entropy Balance Equation for a Control Volume 7.2 The Steady-State Process and the Transient Process 7.3 The Steady-State Single-Flow Process 7.4 Principle of the Increase of Entropy 7.5 Engineering Applications; Energy Conservation and Device Efficiency Summary Problems 8 Exergy 8.1 Exergy, Reversible Work, and Irreversibility 8.2 Exergy and Its Balance Equation 8.3 The Second Law Efficiency 8.4 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 9 Gas Power and Refrigeration Systems 9.1 Introduction to Power Systems 9.2 Air-Standard Power Cycles 9.3 The Stirling Cycle and the Ericsson Cycles 9.4 Reciprocating Engine Power Cycles 9.5 The Otto Cycle 9.6 The Diesel Cycle 9.7 The Dual Cycle 9.8 The Atkinson and Miller Cycles 9.9 The Brayton Cycle 9.10 The Simple Gas-Turbine Cycle With a Regenerator 9.11 Gas-Turbine Power Cycle Configurations 9.12 The Air-Standard Cycle for Jet Propulsion 9.13 Introduction to Refrigeration Systems 9.14 The Air-Standard Refrigeration Cycle Summary Problems 10 Vapor Power and Refrigeration Systems 10.1 The Simple Rankine Cycle 10.2 Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Rankine Cycle 10.3 The Reheat Cycle 10.4 The Regenerative Cycle and Feedwater Heaters 10.5 Deviation of Actual Cycles From Ideal Cycles 10.6 Combined Heat and Power: Other Configurations 10.7 The Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle 10.8 Working Fluids for Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems 10.9 Deviation of the Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle From the Ideal Cycle 10.10 Refrigeration Cycle Configurations 10.11 The Absorption Refrigeration Cycle 10.12 Exergy Analysis of Cycles 10.13 Combined-Cycle Power and Refrigeration Systems Summary Problems 11 Gas Mixtures 11.1 General Considerations and Mixtures of Ideal Gases 11.2 A Simplified Model of a Mixture Involving Gases and a Vapor 11.3 The Energy Equation Applied To Gas–Vapor Mixtures 11.4 The Adiabatic Saturation Process 11.5 Engineering Applications—Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures and the Psychrometric Chart Summary Problems 12 Thermodynamic Relations 12.1 The Clapeyron Equation 12.2 Mathematical Relations for a Homogeneous Phase 12.3 The Maxwell Relations 12.4 Thermodynamic Relations Involving Enthalpy, Internal Energy, and Entropy 12.5 Volume Expansivity and Isothermal and Adiabatic Compressibility 12.6 Real-Gas Behavior and Equations of State 12.7 The Generalized Chart for Changes of Enthalpy At Constant Temperature 12.8 The Generalized Chart for Changes of Entropy At Constant Temperature 12.9 The Property Relation for Mixtures 12.10 Pseudopure Substance Models for Real Gas Mixtures 12.11 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 13 Chemical Reactions 13.1 Fuels 13.2 The Combustion Process 13.3 Enthalpy of Formation 13.4 Energy Analysis of Reacting Systems 13.5 Enthalpy and Internal Energy of Combustion; Heating Value 13.6 Adiabatic Flame Temperature 13.7 The Third Law of Thermodynamics and Absolute Entropy 13.8 Second-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems 13.9 Fuel Cells 13.10 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 14 Introduction to Phase and Chemical Equilibrium 14.1 Requirements for Equilibrium 14.2 Equilibrium Between Two Phases of a Pure Substance 14.3 Metastable Equilibrium 14.4 Chemical Equilibrium 14.5 Simultaneous Reactions 14.6 Coal Gasification 14.7 Ionization 14.8 Engineering Applications Summary Problems 15 Compressible Flow 15.1 Stagnation Properties 15.2 The Momentum Equation for a Control Volume 15.3 Adiabatic, One-Dimensional, Steady-State Flow of an Incompressible Fluid Through a Nozzle 15.4 Velocity of Sound in an Ideal Gas 15.5 Reversible, Adiabatic, One-Dimensional Flow of an Ideal Gas Through a Nozzle 15.6 Mass-Flow Rate of an Ideal Gas Through an Isentropic Nozzle 15.7 Normal Shock in an Ideal Gas Flowing Through a Nozzle 15.8 Nozzle and Diffuser Coefficients Summary Problems Contents of Appendix Appendix A SI Units: Single-State Properties Appendix B SI Units: Thermodynamic Tables Appendix C Ideal Gas Specific Heat Appendix D Equations of State Appendix E Figures Index

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Book SynopsisMake your every wishAlexa's commandwith thisin-depth guidetothewildlypopular Amazon smart speaker You might be thinking,All I have to do is plug in my Echo device and start using it! And you'd be right. But if youreallywant to explore what that compact little device can do, thenAlexaForDummiesis your go-to resource.This bookshowsyouhow tocustomize your device to respond to yourrequestsandenhance your life. Alexa For Dummiestakes you on a tour of all things Alexa: its capabilities, tools, settings, and skills.Go beyond the basics ofplaying music, calling friends, reading the news, and checking the weather.You'll learn how to make Alexa private and secure, connect it to your smart home devices, and even make it sound like Samuel L. Jackson, if you feel like it.You can alsoextend its capabilitiesby adding new skills. Customize your device to respond to your voiceTroubleshoot when a light is signaling something's wrongAdd skills to play music and audiobooksCreate routines toturn on lights, adjust the thermostat,set your security alarm, and lock your doorsSync your smart devices throughout your homeUse Alexa to connect to a Zoom meeting or phone call with your friends or family No matter which device you haveEcho, Echo Dot, Echo Show, Echo Studio, Echo Flex, Echo Loop, Echo Buds, or Echo FramesAlexaForDummiesis the perfect companion.Ready to get started? Say Hey,Alexa, orderAlexaForDummies!Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Getting Started with Alexa 5 Chapter 1: Getting to Know Alexa 7 Chapter 2: Setting Up Alexa and Your Devices 21 Chapter 3: Learning Alexa Basics 43 Part 2: Having Fun with Alexa 59 Chapter 4: Playing Media 61 Chapter 5: Communicating with Alexa 89 Chapter 6: Using Alexa at Home 111 Chapter 7: Being More Productive 131 Part 3: Getting More out of Your Relationship with Alexa 149 Chapter 8: Asking Alexa Questions 151 Chapter 9: Adding Skills to Alexa 161 Chapter 10: Making Alexa Accessible 177 Part 4: Controlling Your Smart Home 191 Chapter 11: Setting Up Your Smart Home 193 Chapter 12: Uncovering Some Smarter Smart-Home Techniques 215 Part 5: The Part of Tens 237 Chapter 13: Ten (Times Ten) Ridiculously Fun Alexa Tricks 239 Chapter 14: Ten Things That Can Go Wrong (and How to Fix Them) 247 Chapter 15: Ten Ways to Beef Up Security and Privacy 263 Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Contributors xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix About the Companion Website xxi 1 Biomechanics as an Interdiscipline 1Stephen J. Thomas Joseph A. Zeni and David A. Winters 1.0 Introduction 1 1.0.1 Importance of Human Movement Analysis 1 1.0.2 The Interprofessional Team 2 1.1 Measurement Description Analysis and Assessment 2 1.1.1 Measurement Description and Monitoring 3 1.1.2 Analysis 4 1.1.3 Assessment and Interpretation 5 1.2 Biomechanics and its Relationship with Physiology and Anatomy 6 1.3 References 7 2 Signal Processing 8Joseph A. Zeni Stephen J. Thomas and David A. Winters 2.0 Introduction 8 2.1 Auto- and Cross-Correlation Analyses 8 2.1.1 Similarity to the Pearson Correlation 9 2.1.2 Formulae for Auto- and Cross-Correlation Coefficients 10 2.1.3 Four Properties of the Autocorrelation Function 11 2.1.4 Three Properties of the Cross-Correlation Function 14 2.1.5 Importance in Removing the Mean Bias from the Signal 15 2.1.6 Digital Implementation of Auto- and Cross-Correlation Functions 15 2.1.7 Application of Autocorrelations 16 2.1.8 Applications of Cross-Correlations 17 2.2 Frequency Analysis 19 2.2.1 Introduction – Time Domain vs. Frequency Domain 19 2.2.2 Discrete Fourier (Harmonic) Analysis 19 2.2.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 21 2.2.4 Applications of Spectrum Analyses 22 2.3 Ensemble Averaging of Repetitive Waveforms 29 2.3.1 Examples of Ensemble-Averaged Profiles 31 2.3.2 Normalization of Time Bases to 100% 31 2.3.3 Measure of Average Variability about the Mean Waveform 32 2.4 References 32 3 Kinematics 34Amy L. Lenz 3.0 Historical Development and Complexity of Problem 34 3.1 Kinematic Conventions 35 3.1.1 Absolute Spatial Reference System 35 3.1.2 Total Description of a Body Segment in Space 36 3.2 Direct Measurement Techniques 36 3.2.1 Goniometers 36 3.2.2 Accelerometers 38 3.2.3 Inertial Sensors 39 3.2.4 Special Joint Angle Measuring Systems 40 3.2.5 Electromagnetic Systems 41 3.3 Imaging Measurement Techniques 42 3.3.1 Review of Basic Lens Optics 42 3.3.2 f-Stop Setting and Field of Focus 43 3.3.3 Television Imaging Camera Historical Development 43 3.3.4 Optical Motion Capture 44 3.3.5 Optoelectric Techniques 47 3.3.6 Biplane Fluoroscopy 48 3.3.7 Markerless Systems 51 3.3.8 Summary of Various Kinematic Systems 51 3.4 Clinical Measures of Kinematics 52 3.4.1 2-D Kinematic Apps/Sensors 52 3.4.2 Sensor-Based Systems 52 3.5 Processing of Raw Kinematic Data 52 3.5.1 Nature of Unprocessed Image Data 52 3.5.2 Signal Versus Noise in Kinematic Data 53 3.5.3 Problems of Calculating Velocities and Accelerations 54 3.5.4 Smoothing and Curve Fitting of Data 54 3.5.5 Comparison of Some Smoothing Techniques 60 3.6 Calculation of Other Kinematic Variables 62 3.6.1 Limb-Segment Angles 62 3.6.2 Joint Angles 63 3.6.3 Velocities – Linear and Angular 63 3.6.4 Accelerations – Linear and Angular 63 3.7 Problems Based on Kinematic Data 64 3.8 References 65 4 Anthropometry 67Joseph A. Zeni Stephen J. Thomas and David A. Winters 4.0 Scope of Anthropometry in Movement Biomechanics 67 4.0.1 Segment Dimensions 67 4.1 Density Mass and Inertial Properties 68 4.1.1 Whole-Body Density 68 4.1.2 Segment Densities 69 4.1.3 Segment Mass and Center of Mass 69 4.1.4 Center of Mass of a Multisegment System 72 4.1.5 Mass Moment of Inertia and Radius of Gyration 73 4.1.6 Parallel Axis Theorem 74 4.1.7 Use of Anthropometric Tables and Kinematic Data 75 4.2 Direct Experimental Measures 78 4.2.1 Location of the Anatomical Center of Mass of the Body 79 4.2.2 Calculation of the Mass of a Distal Segment 79 4.2.3 Moment of Inertia of a Distal Segment 80 4.2.4 Joint Axes of Rotation 81 4.3 Muscle Anthropometry 82 4.3.1 Cross-Sectional Area of Muscles 82 4.3.2 Change in Muscle Length During Movement 83 4.3.3 Force per Unit Cross-Sectional Area (Stress) 84 4.3.4 Mechanical Advantage of Muscle 84 4.3.5 Multijoint Muscles 85 4.4 Problems Based on Anthropometric Data 86 4.5 References 87 5 Kinetics: Forces and Moments of Force 89Stephen J. Thomas Joseph A. Zeni and David A. Winters 5.0 Biomechanical Models 89 5.0.1 Link-Segment Model Development 89 5.0.2 Forces Acting on the Link-Segment Model 90 5.0.3 Joint Reaction Forces and Bone-on-Bone Forces 91 5.1 Basic Link-Segment Equations – The Free-Body Diagram 93 5.2 Force Transducers and Force Plates 98 5.2.1 Multidirectional Force Transducers 98 5.2.2 Force Plates 99 5.2.3 Combined Force Plate and Kinematic Data 104 5.2.4 Interpretation of Moment-of-Force Curves 105 5.2.5 Differences Between Center of Mass and Center of Pressure 107 5.2.6 Kinematics and Kinetics of the Inverted Pendulum Model 108 5.3 Bone-on-bone Forces During Dynamic Conditions 110 5.3.1 Indeterminacy in Muscle Force Estimates 110 5.3.2 Example Problem 111 5.4 References 114 6 Mechanical Work Energy and Power 115Joseph A. Zeni Stephen J. Thomas and David A. Winters 6.0 Introduction 115 6.0.1 Mechanical Energy and Work 115 6.0.2 Law of Conservation of Energy 116 6.0.3 Internal Versus External Work 116 6.0.4 Positive Work of Muscles 118 6.0.5 Negative Work of Muscles 118 6.0.6 Muscle Mechanical Power 119 6.0.7 Mechanical Work of Muscles 119 6.0.8 Mechanical Work Done on an External Load 120 6.0.9 Mechanical Energy Transfer Between Segments 122 6.1 Efficiency 123 6.1.1 Causes of Inefficient Movement 124 6.1.2 Summary of Energy Flows 127 6.2 Forms of Energy Storage 128 6.2.1 Energy of a Body Segment and Exchanges of Energy Within the Segment 129 6.2.2 Total Energy of a Multisegment System 132 6.3 Calculation of Internal and External Work 133 6.3.1 Internal Work Calculation 133 6.3.2 External Work Calculation 136 6.4 Power Balances at Joints and Within Segments 136 6.4.1 Energy Transfer via Muscles 137 6.4.2 Power Balance Within Segments 138 6.5 Problems Based on Kinetic and Kinematic Data 141 6.6 References 143 7 Understanding 3D Kinematic and Kinetic Variables 145Thomas Hulcher 7.0 Introduction 145 7.1 Axes Systems 145 7.1.1 Global Reference System 145 7.1.2 Local Reference Systems and Rotation of Axes 146 7.1.3 Other Possible Rotation Sequences 147 7.1.4 Dot and Cross Products 148 7.2 Marker and Anatomical Axes Systems 148 7.2.1 Markerset Design 150 7.2.2 Event Detection Methods for Gait 152 7.2.3 Event Detection Methods for Other Activities 153 7.2.4 Considerations for Applications with Implements 153 7.2.5 Example of a Kinematic Data Set 154 7.3 Determination of Segment Angular Velocities and Accelerations 158 7.4 Kinetic Analysis of Reaction Forces and Moments 162 7.4.1 Newtonian Three-Dimensional Equations of Motion for a Segment 162 7.4.2 Euler’s Three-Dimensional Equations of Motion for a Segment 163 7.4.3 Example of a Kinetic Data Set 164 7.4.4 Joint Mechanical Powers 167 7.4.5 Induced Acceleration Analysis 167 7.4.6 Sample Moment and Power Curves 168 7.5 Suggested Further Reading 170 7.6 References 170 8 Muscle Mechanics 171Stephen J. Thomas Joseph A. Zeni and David A. Winters 8.0 Introduction 171 8.0.1 The Motor Unit 171 8.0.2 Recruitment of Motor Units 172 8.0.3 Size Principle 173 8.0.4 Types of Motor Units – Fast- and Slow-Twitch Classification 174 8.0.5 The Muscle Twitch 175 8.0.6 Shape of Graded Contractions 176 8.1 Force–Length Characteristics of Muscles 177 8.1.1 Force–Length Curve of the Contractile Element 177 8.1.2 Influence of Parallel Connective Tissue 178 8.1.3 Series Elastic Tissue 178 8.1.4 In Vivo Force–Length Measures 180 8.2 Force–Velocity Characteristics 181 8.2.1 Concentric Contractions 181 8.2.2 Eccentric Contractions 183 8.2.3 Combination of Length and Velocity Versus Force 183 8.2.4 Combining Muscle Characteristics with Load Characteristics: Equilibrium 184 8.3 Technique to Measure in Vivo Tendon Mechanical Properties 186 8.3.1 Ankle Joint Moment 186 8.3.2 Tendon Mechanical Properties 187 8.4 References 187 9 Kinesiological Electromyography 189Joseph A. Zeni Stephen J. Thomas and David A. Winters 9.0 Introduction 189 9.1 Electrophysiology of Muscle Contraction 189 9.1.1 Motor End Plate 189 9.1.2 Sequence of Chemical Events Leading to a Twitch 190 9.1.3 Generation of a Muscle Action Potential 190 9.1.4 Duration of the Motor Unit Action Potential 192 9.1.5 Detection of Motor Unit Action Potentials from Electromyogram During Graded Contractions 194 9.2 Recording of the Electromyogram 195 9.2.1 Amplifier Gain 196 9.2.2 Input Impedance 196 9.2.3 Frequency Response 197 9.2.4 Common-Mode Rejection 199 9.2.5 Cross-Talk in Surface Electromyograms 202 9.2.6 Recommendations for Surface Electromyogram Reporting and Electrode Placement Procedures 205 9.3 Processing of the Electromyogram 205 9.3.1 Full-Wave Rectification 206 9.3.2 Linear Envelope 207 9.3.3 True Mathematical Integrators 208 9.4 Relationship Between Electromyogram and Biomechanical Variables 208 9.4.1 Electromyogram Versus Isometric Tension 209 9.4.2 Electromyogram During Muscle Shortening and Lengthening 210 9.4.3 Electromyogram Changes During Fatigue 211 9.5 References 212 10 Modeling of Human Movement 215Brian A. Knarr Todd J. Leutzinger and Namwoong Kim 10.0 Introduction 215 10.1 Review of Forward Solution Models 216 10.1.1 Assumptions and Constraints of Forward Solution Models 217 10.1.2 Potential of Forward Solution Simulations 217 10.2 Muscle-Actuated Simulation of Movement 218 10.2.1 Musculoskeletal Modeling 218 10.2.2 Control 221 10.2.3 OpenSim 223 10.2.4 EMG-Driven Modeling 227 10.3 Model Validation 230 10.4 References 231 11 Static and Dynamic Balance 235Stephen J. Thomas Joseph A. Zeni and David A. Winters 11.0 Introduction 235 11.1 The Support Moment Synergy 236 11.1.1 Relationship Between Ms and the Vertical Ground Reaction Force 237 11.2 Medial/Lateral and Anterior/Posterior Balance in Standing 239 11.2.1 Quiet Standing 239 11.2.2 Medial Lateral Balance Control During Workplace Tasks 240 11.3 Dynamic Balance During Walking 241 11.3.1 The Human Inverted Pendulum in Steady State Walking 241 11.3.2 Initiation of Gait 242 11.3.3 Gait Termination 244 11.4 References 246 12 Central Nervous System’s Role in Biomechanics 247Alan R. Needle and Christopher J. Burcal 12.0 Introduction 247 12.1 Central Nervous System and Volitional Control of Movement 247 12.1.1 Key Structures for Movement 247 12.1.2 Synapses and Neurotransmitters 249 12.1.3 CNS Adaptations 249 12.2 Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexive Control of Movement 250 12.2.1 Sensory Receptors and Motor Units 252 12.3 Methodologies to Understand Central Nervous System Function 253 12.3.1 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 253 12.3.2 Electroencephalography (EEG) 257 12.3.3 Neural Excitability 265 12.4 Peripheral Nervous System Measurement Techniques 269 12.4.1 Nerve Conduction Studies 269 12.4.2 Microneurography 271 12.5 Methodologies to Understand Central Nervous System Behavior and Environmental Interactions 271 12.5.1 Virtual Reality 271 12.6 Nervous System Role in Muscle Synergies 274 12.6.1 Measurement Techniques and Experimental Setup 274 12.6.2 Analysis Techniques 275 12.7 The Central Nervous System and Learning and Injury 276 12.7.1 Translation of Synaptic Plasticity to Motor Learning 276 12.7.2 Role of Pathology on the Central Nervous System 276 12.8 References 278 13 A Case-Based Approach to Interpreting Biomechanical Data 281Ankur Padhye John D. Willson Joseph A. Zeni Kristen F. Nicholson and Garrett S. Bullock 13.0 Patellofemoral Pain 281 13.0.1 Introduction 281 13.0.2 Case Description 281 13.0.3 Patient Examination 282 13.0.4 Gait Analysis 282 13.0.5 Interpretations and Intervention 282 13.0.6 Patient Outcomes and Discussion 283 13.0.7 Conclusion 284 13.0.8 References 284 13.1 Biomechanical Approach to Manage Knee Osteoarthritis 284 13.1.1 Osteoarthritis and Biomechanics 284 13.1.2 Patient History 286 13.1.3 Biomechanical Assessment 286 13.1.4 References 288 13.2 Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction 288 13.2.1 Player History 289 13.2.2 References 293 APPENDICES A. Kinematic Kinetic and Energy Data 295 Figure A.1 Walking Trial – Marker Locations and Mass and Frame Rate Information 295 Table A.1 Raw Coordinate Data (cm) 296 Table A.2(a) Filtered Marker Kinematics – Rib Cage and Greater Trochanter (Hip) 300 Table A.2(b) Filtered Marker Kinematics – Femoral Lateral Epicondyle (Knee) and Head of Fibula 304 Table A.2(c) Filtered Marker Kinematics – Lateral Malleolus (Ankle) and Heel 308 Table A.2(d) Filtered Marker Kinematics – Fifth Metatarsal and Toe 312 Table A.3(a) Linear and Angular Kinematics – Foot 316 Table A.3(b) Linear and Angular Kinematics – Leg 320 Table A.3(c) Linear and Angular Kinematics – Thigh 324 Table A.3(d) Linear and Angular Kinematics – ½ HAT 328 Table A.4 Relative Joint Angular Kinematics – Ankle Knee and Hip 332 Table A.5(a) Reaction Forces and Moments of Force – Ankle and Knee 336 Table A.5(b) Reaction Forces and Moments of Force – Hip 340 Table A.6 Segment Potential Kinetic and Total Energies – Foot Leg Thigh and ½ HAT 344 Table A.7 Power Generation/Absorption and Transfer – Ankle Knee and Hip 348 B. Units and Definitions Related to Biomechanical and Electromyographical Measurements 351 Table B.1 Base SI Units 351 Table B.2 Derived SI Units 352 Index 355

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Book SynopsisWILLIS'S PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR The most up-to-date edition of the gold standard in introductory quantity surveying textbooks In the newly revised Fourteenth Edition of Willis's Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor, the authors provide a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the core skills required by quantity surveyors. This latest edition is thoroughly updated to emphasize the use of information technology in construction, and contains new pedagogical features, new learning outcomes, and key learning points that relate the material specifically to the RICS Assessment of Professional Competence (APC). Historically employed to estimate and measure the likely material requirements for any building project, the role of the modern quantity surveyor is diverse and dynamic, with rapid change featuring across quantity surveying practice. The book echoes this dynamic environment, covering quantity surveying in private practice, public service, and in contracting organizations. Readers will also find: In-depth discussions of the use of IT in construction New and improved teaching and instruction features in the text, including new learning outcome sections and key learning points to highlight crucial concepts Tighter alignment with the requirements of the RICS Assessment of Professional Competence Perfect for undergraduate students studying quantity surveying, Willis's Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor, 14th Edition is also an indispensable resource for practicing surveyors and inspectors seeking a one-stop handbook to the foundational principles of quantity surveying.Table of ContentsPreface xvii 1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of the construction industry 2 Construction sectors 3 The quantity surveying profession 5 The role of the quantity surveyor 6 Skills, knowledge and understanding 9 Quantity surveying education 13 RICS accreditation 13 Assessment of professional competence (APC) 14 Continuing professional development (CPD) 16 References 16 2 Digital Technologies 19 Introduction 19 Building information modelling (BIM) 22 References 34 3 Organisations and Management 37 Introduction 38 Business structures 38 Staffing 40 Corporate responsibilities 42 Employer’s responsibilities 43 Marketing 45 Management systems 46 Time and cost management 48 Developing staff and skills 49 Finance and accounts 50 References 54 4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 57 Introduction 58 The quantity surveyor and the client 58 Agreement for appointment 61 Negligence 65 Unbefitting professional behaviour 66 Other legislation requirements 67 References 70 5 Cost Control 71 Introduction 71 Project cost control 72 Cost advice 74 Cost reporting 74 New Rules of Measurement (NRM1) 75 Pre-contract estimating methods 75 General considerations 78 Cost planning 80 Additions to the building works estimate 81 Main contractor’s costs 81 Design and professional fees 81 Other project costs 82 Risk allowances 82 Inflation 82 Exclusions associated with specialist advice 83 Accuracy of approximate estimates 84 BIM and cost estimating 85 Client’s cash flow 86 Contractor’s cost control 86 Contractor’s cash flow 87 The role of lean construction in cost control 87 References 91 6 Whole Life Costing 93 Introduction 93 Government policy 95 Whole life costing and environmental impact 95 Whole life costing applications 96 Main factors to consider in WLC and LCC 100 Long life, loose fit and low energy 102 Calculations 104 Life cycle worked examples 105 Sensitivity analysis 106 Reporting to the client 106 BIM and LCC 106 References 107 7 Value Management 109 Introduction 109 Background 110 Terminology 110 Key aspects of value management 113 The job plan 114 Role of the quantity surveyor in the value management workshop 121 BIM and value management 121 Function analysis 122 Supporting the case for value management 126 Professional development and accreditation 128 References 128 8 Risk Management 131 Introduction 132 The application of risk management 133 Risk identification 134 Risk analysis 135 Risk evaluation 141 Risk management plan 141 BIM and risk management 145 References 146 9 Procurement 147 Introduction 147 General matters 148 Standard forms of contract 150 Methods of price determination 151 Contractor selection 154 Contract strategy 164 Client procurement needs 165 Partnering 167 The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 170 The role of the quantity surveyor 171 References 171 10 Contract Documentation 173 Contract documents 173 Coordinated project information 175 Form of contract 176 Contract drawings 177 Descriptive schedules 178 Contract bills 178 Contract specification 181 Schedules of rates 182 Master programme 182 Information release schedule 182 Discrepancies in documents 182 BIM and contracts 183 References 183 11 Preparation of Contract Bills 185 Appointment of the quantity surveyor 185 Receipt of drawings 186 Taking-off 188 Methods of measurement 189 Alterations in taking-off 190 Standard descriptions 191 Numbering items 191 Schedule of basic rates (fluctuations option B) 191 Schedule of allocation (fluctuations option C) 192 Completing the contract bills 192 Computerised bill production 193 Copyright in the bills of quantities 193 Tendering procedure 194 Tender queries 195 E-tendering 203 Online auctions 203 References 203 12 Cost Management 205 Introduction 205 Valuations 206 Valuation on insolvency 218 Cost control and reporting 219 Cash flow 221 BIM and valuing and managing change 222 References 222 13 Final Accounts 225 Introduction 226 Variations 227 Procedure for measurement and evaluation 229 The role of the clerk of works 231 Pricing variations 231 Provisional sums 236 Loss and expense 238 Fluctuations 238 Completing the account 241 Audit 242 Timing and resources 244 References 245 14 Insolvency 247 Introduction 247 The role of the quantity surveyor 250 The role of the liquidator 250 Termination of contract (contractor insolvency) 252 Provision in the forms of contract 253 Factors to consider at insolvency 253 Completion of the contract 255 The employer’s loss 256 Expenditure involved 256 Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 256 Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 258 Performance bonds 258 References 259 15 Contractual Disputes 261 Introduction 261 Why disputes arise 262 Litigation 264 Alternative dispute resolution 264 Adjudication 265 Arbitration 266 Non-adversarial alternative dispute resolution 268 Expert witness 272 Claims 273 References 276 16 Project Management 279 Introduction 279 Project management 281 Terminology 281 Duties of the project manager 282 BIM and the project manager 285 Responsibilities of the project manager 285 References 291 17 Facilities Management 293 Introduction 294 Measuring building performance 294 The role of the facilities manager 295 Outsourcing 296 Maintenance management 297 Problems of working in existing buildings 298 Procurement 299 Tendering and contractual arrangements 302 Budget and cost control 303 Benchmarking to improve value 305 Sustainability 306 Facilities management and BIM 308 Education and training for the facilities manager 309 Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 309 References 310 18 Sustainability in the Built Environment 313 Introduction 313 Sustainable development 314 Legislation 319 Assessment methods 320 Net zero 321 Circular economy 324 Measuring embodied carbon emissions drivers 325 Whole life carbon assessments 325 Quantity surveying and sustainability 327 References 328 Index 331

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Book SynopsisOBJECT DETECTION BY STEREO VISION IMAGES Since both theoretical and practical aspects of the developments in this field of research are explored, including recent state-of-the-art technologies and research opportunities in the area of object detection, this book will act as a good reference for practitioners, students, and researchers. Current state-of-the-art technologies have opened up new opportunities in research in the areas of object detection and recognition of digital images and videos, robotics, neural networks, machine learning, stereo vision matching algorithms, soft computing, customer prediction, social media analysis, recommendation systems, and stereo vision. This book has been designed to provide directions for those interested in researching and developing intelligent applications to detect an object and estimate depth. In addition to focusing on the performance of the system using high-performance computing techniques, a technical overview of certain tools, languages,Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Data Conditioning for Medical Imaging 1 Shahzia Sayyad, Deepti Nikumbh, Dhruvi Lalit Jain, Prachi Dhiren Khatri, Alok Saratchandra Panda and Rupesh Ravindra Joshi 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Importance of Image Preprocessing 2 1.3 Introduction to Digital Medical Imaging 3 1.3.1 Types of Medical Images for Screening 4 1.3.1.1 X-rays 4 1.3.1.2 Computed Tomography (CT) Scan 4 1.3.1.3 Ultrasound 4 1.3.1.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 5 1.3.1.5 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan 5 1.3.1.6 Mammogram 5 1.3.1.7 Fluoroscopy 5 1.3.1.8 Infrared Thermography 6 1.4 Preprocessing Techniques of Medical Imaging Using Python 6 1.4.1 Medical Image Preprocessing 6 1.4.1.1 Reading the Image 7 1.4.1.2 Resizing the Image 7 1.4.1.3 Noise Removal 8 1.4.1.4 Filtering and Smoothing 9 1.4.1.5 Image Segmentation 11 1.5 Medical Image Processing Using Python 13 1.5.1 Medical Image Processing Methods 16 1.5.1.1 Image Formation 17 1.5.1.2 Image Enhancement 19 1.5.1.3 Image Analysis 19 1.5.1.4 Image Visualization 19 1.5.1.5 Image Management 19 1.6 Feature Extraction Using Python 20 1.7 Case Study on Throat Cancer 24 1.7.1 Introduction 24 1.7.1.1 HSI System 25 1.7.1.2 The Adaptive Deep Learning Method Proposed 25 1.7.2 Results and Findings 27 1.7.3 Discussion 28 1.7.4 Conclusion 29 1.8 Conclusion 29 References 30 Additional Reading 31 Key Terms and Definition 32 2 Detection of Pneumonia Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques: An Analytical Study 33 Shravani Nimbolkar, Anuradha Thakare, Subhradeep Mitra, Omkar Biranje and Anant Sutar 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Literature Review 35 2.3 Learning Methods 41 2.3.1 Machine Learning 41 2.3.2 Deep Learning 42 2.3.3 Transfer Learning 42 2.4 Detection of Lung Diseases Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques 43 2.4.1 Dataset Description 43 2.4.2 Evaluation Platform 44 2.4.3 Training Process 44 2.4.4 Model Evaluation of CNN Classifier 46 2.4.5 Mathematical Model 47 2.4.6 Parameter Optimization 47 2.4.7 Performance Metrics 50 2.5 Conclusion 52 References 53 3 Contamination Monitoring System Using IOT and GIS 57 Kavita R. Singh, Ravi Wasalwar, Ajit Dharmik and Deepshikha Tiwari 3.1 Introduction 58 3.2 Literature Survey 58 3.3 Proposed Work 60 3.4 Experimentation and Results 61 3.4.1 Experimental Setup 61 3.5 Results 64 3.6 Conclusion 70 Acknowledgement 71 References 71 4 Video Error Concealment Using Particle Swarm Optimization 73 Rajani P. K. and Arti Khaparde 4.1 Introduction 74 4.2 Proposed Research Work Overview 75 4.3 Error Detection 75 4.4 Frame Replacement Video Error Concealment Algorithm 77 4.5 Research Methodology 77 4.5.1 Particle Swarm Optimization 78 4.5.2 Spatio-Temporal Video Error Concealment Method 78 4.5.3 Proposed Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm 79 4.6 Results and Analysis 83 4.6.1 Single Frame With Block Error Analysis 85 4.6.2 Single Frame With Random Error Analysis 86 4.6.3 Multiple Frame Error Analysis 88 4.6.4 Sequential Frame Error Analysis 91 4.6.5 Subjective Video Quality Analysis for Color Videos 93 4.6.6 Scene Change of Videos 94 4.7 Conclusion 95 4.8 Future Scope 97 References 97 5 Enhanced Image Fusion with Guided Filters 99 Nalini Jagtap and Sudeep D. Thepade 5.1 Introduction 100 5.2 Related Works 100 5.3 Proposed Methodology 102 5.3.1 System Model 102 5.3.2 Steps of the Proposed Methodology 104 5.4 Experimental Results 104 5.4.1 Entropy 104 5.4.2 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio 105 5.4.3 Root Mean Square Error 107 5.4.3.1 Qab/f 108 5.5 Conclusion 108 References 109 6 Deepfake Detection Using LSTM-Based Neural Network 111 Tejaswini Yesugade, Shrikant Kokate, Sarjana Patil, Ritik Varma and Sejal Pawar 6.1 Introduction 111 6.2 Related Work 112 6.2.1 Deepfake Generation 112 6.2.2 LSTM and CNN 112 6.3 Existing System 113 6.3.1 AI-Generated Fake Face Videos by Detecting Eye Blinking 113 6.3.2 Detection Using Inconsistence in Head Pose 113 6.3.3 Exploiting Visual Artifacts 113 6.4 Proposed System 114 6.4.1 Dataset 114 6.4.2 Preprocessing 114 6.4.3 Model 115 6.5 Results 117 6.6 Limitations 119 6.7 Application 119 6.8 Conclusion 119 References 119 7 Classification of Fetal Brain Abnormalities with MRI Images: A Survey 121 Kavita Shinde and Anuradha Thakare 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 Related Work 123 7.3 Evaluation of Related Research 129 7.4 General Framework for Fetal Brain Abnormality Classification 129 7.4.1 Image Acquisition 130 7.4.2 Image Pre-Processing 130 7.4.2.1 Image Thresholding 130 7.4.2.2 Morphological Operations 131 7.4.2.3 Hole Filling and Mask Generation 131 7.4.2.4 MRI Segmentation for Fetal Brain Extraction 132 7.4.3 Feature Extraction 132 7.4.3.1 Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix 133 7.4.3.2 Discrete Wavelet Transformation 133 7.4.3.3 Gabor Filters 134 7.4.3.4 Discrete Statistical Descriptive Features 134 7.4.4 Feature Reduction 134 7.4.4.1 Principal Component Analysis 135 7.4.4.2 Linear Discriminant Analysis 136 7.4.4.3 Non-Linear Dimensionality Reduction Techniques 137 7.4.5 Classification by Using Machine Learning Classifiers 137 7.4.5.1 Support Vector Machine 138 7.4.5.2 K-Nearest Neighbors 138 7.4.5.3 Random Forest 139 7.4.5.4 Linear Discriminant Analysis 139 7.4.5.5 Naïve Bayes 139 7.4.5.6 Decision Tree (DT) 140 7.4.5.7 Convolutional Neural Network 140 7.5 Performance Metrics for Research in Fetal Brain Analysis 141 7.6 Challenges 142 7.7 Conclusion and Future Works 142 References 143 8 Analysis of COVID-19 Data Using Machine Learning Algorithm 147 Chinnaiah Kotadi, Mithun Chakravarthi K., Srihari Chintha and Kapil Gupta 8.1 Introduction 147 8.2 Pre-Processing 148 8.3 Selecting Features 149 8.4 Analysis of COVID-19–Confirmed Cases in India 152 8.4.1 Analysis to Highest COVID-19–Confirmed Case States in India 153 8.4.2 Analysis to Highest COVID-19 Death Rate States in India 153 8.4.3 Analysis to Highest COVID-19 Cured Case States in India 154 8.4.4 Analysis of Daily COVID-19 Cases in Maharashtra State 155 8.5 Linear Regression Used for Predicting Daily Wise COVID- 19 Cases in Maharashtra 156 8.6 Conclusion 157 References 157 9 Intelligent Recommendation System to Evaluate Teaching Faculty Performance Using Adaptive Collaborative Filtering 159 Manish Sharma and Rutuja Deshmukh 9.1 Introduction 160 9.2 Related Work 162 9.3 Recommender Systems and Collaborative Filtering 164 9.4 Proposed Methodology 165 9.5 Experiment Analysis 167 9.6 Conclusion 168 References 168 10 Virtual Moratorium System 171 Manisha Bhende, Muzasarali Badger, Pranish Kumbhar, Vedanti Bhatkar and Payal Chavan 10.1 Introduction 172 10.1.1 Objectives 172 10.2 Literature Survey 172 10.2.1 Virtual Assistant—BLU 172 10.2.2 HDFC Ask EVA 173 10.3 Methodologies of Problem Solving 173 10.4 Modules 174 10.4.1 Chatbot 174 10.4.2 Android Application 175 10.4.3 Web Application 175 10.5 Detailed Flow of Proposed Work 176 10.5.1 System Architecture 176 10.5.2 DFD Level 1 177 10.6 Architecture Design 178 10.6.1 Main Server 178 10.6.2 Chatbot 178 10.6.3 Database Architecture 180 10.6.4 Web Scraper 180 10.7 Algorithms Used 181 10.7.1 AES-256 Algorithm 181 10.7.2 Rasa NLU 181 10.8 Results 182 10.9 Discussions 183 10.9.1 Applications 183 10.9.2 Future Work 183 10.9.3 Conclusion 183 References 183 11 Efficient Land Cover Classification for Urban Planning 185 Vandana Tulshidas Chavan and Sanjeev J. Wagh 11.1 Introduction 185 11.2 Literature Survey 189 11.3 Proposed Methodology 191 11.4 Conclusion 192 References 192 12 Data-Driven Approches for Fake News Detection on Social Media Platforms: Review 195 Pradnya Patil and Sanjeev J. Wagh 12.1 Introduction 196 12.2 Literature Survey 196 12.3 Problem Statement and Objectives 201 12.3.1 Problem Statement 201 12.3.2 Objectives 201 12.4 Proposed Methodology 202 12.4.1 Pre-Processing 202 12.4.2 Feature Extraction 203 12.4.3 Classification 203 12.5 Conclusion 204 References 204 13 Distance Measurement for Object Detection for Automotive Applications Using 3D Density-Based Clustering 207 Anupama Patil, Manisha Bhende, Suvarna Patil and P. P. Shevatekar 13.1 Introduction 208 13.2 Related Work 210 13.3 Distance Measurement Using Stereo Vision 213 13.3.1 Calibration of the Camera 215 13.3.2 Stereo Image Rectification 215 13.3.3 Disparity Estimation and Stereo Matching 216 13.3.4 Measurement of Distance 217 13.4 Object Segmentation in Depth Map 218 13.4.1 Formation of Depth Map 218 13.4.2 Density-Based in 3D Object Grouping Clustering 218 13.4.3 Layered Images Object Segmentation 219 13.4.3.1 Image Layer Formation 221 13.4.3.2 Determination of Object Boundaries 222 13.5 Conclusion 223 References 224 14 Real-Time Depth Estimation Using BLOB Detection/ Contour Detection 227 Arokia Priya Charles, Anupama V. Patil and Sunil Dambhare 14.1 Introduction 227 14.2 Estimation of Depth Using Blob Detection 229 14.2.1 Grayscale Conversion 230 14.2.2 Thresholding 231 14.2.3 Image Subtraction in Case of Input with Background 232 14.2.3.1 Preliminaries 233 14.2.3.2 Computing Time 234 14.3 Blob 234 14.3.1 BLOB Extraction 234 14.3.2 Blob Classification 235 14.3.2.1 Image Moments 236 14.3.2.2 Centroid Using Image Moments 238 14.3.2.3 Central Moments 238 14.4 Challenges 241 14.5 Experimental Results 241 14.6 Conclusion 251 References 255 Index 257

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Book SynopsisCyberPhysicalHuman Systems A comprehensive edited volume exploring the latest in the interactions between cyberphysical systems and humans In CyberPhysicalHuman Systems: Fundamentals and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and up-to-date volume of contributions from leading researchers on CyberPhysicalHuman Systems, an emerging class of systems with increased interactions between cyberphysical, and human systems communicating with each other at various levels across space and time, so as to achieve desired performance related to human welfare, efficiency, and sustainability. The editors have focused on papers that address the power of emerging CPHS disciplines, all of which feature humans as an active component during cyber and physical interactions. Articles that span fundamental concepts and methods to various applications in engineering sectors of transportation, robotics, and healthcare and general socio-technical systemTable of ContentsA Note from the Series Editor xvii About the Editors xviii List of Contributors xix Introduction xxvii Part I Fundamental Concepts and Methods 1 1 Human-in-the-Loop Control and Cyber–Physical–Human Systems: Applications and Categorization 3 Tariq Samad 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Cyber + Physical + Human 4 1.2.1 Cyberphysical Systems 5 1.2.2 Physical–Human Systems 6 1.2.3 Cyber–Human Systems 6 1.3 Categorizing Human-in-the-Loop Control Systems 6 1.3.1 Human-in-the-Plant 8 1.3.2 Human-in-the-Controller 8 1.3.3 Human–Machine Control Symbiosis 10 1.3.4 Humans-in-Multiagent-Loops 11 1.4 A Roadmap for Human-in-the-Loop Control 13 1.4.1 Self- and Human-Driven Cars on Urban Roads 13 1.4.2 Climate Change Mitigation and Smart Grids 14 1.5 Discussion 15 1.5.1 Other Ways of Classifying Human-in-the-Loop Control 15 1.5.2 Modeling Human Understanding and Decision-Making 16 1.5.3 Ethics and CPHS 18 1.6 Conclusions 19 Acknowledgments 19 References 20 2 Human Behavioral Models Using Utility Theory and Prospect Theory 25 Anuradha M. Annaswamy and Vineet Jagadeesan Nair 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Utility Theory 26 2.2.1 An Example 27 2.3 Prospect Theory 27 2.3.1 An Example: CPT Modeling for SRS 30 2.3.1.1 Detection of CPT Effects via Lotteries 32 2.3.2 Theoretical Implications of CPT 33 2.3.2.1 Implication I: Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes 34 2.3.2.2 Implication II: Strong Risk Aversion Over Mixed Prospects 36 2.3.2.3 Implication III: Effects of Self-Reference 37 2.4 Summary and Conclusions 38 Acknowledgments 39 References 39 3 Social Diffusion Dynamics in Cyber–Physical–Human Systems 43 Lorenzo Zino and Ming Cao 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 General Formalism for Social Diffusion in CPHS 45 3.2.1 Complex and Multiplex Networks 45 3.2.2 General Framework for Social Diffusion 46 3.2.3 Main Theoretical Approaches 48 3.3 Modeling Decision-Making 49 3.3.1 Pairwise Interaction Models 49 3.3.2 Linear Threshold Models 52 3.3.3 Game-Theoretic Models 53 3.4 Dynamics in CPHS 55 3.4.1 Social Diffusion in Multiplex Networks 56 3.4.2 Co-Evolutionary Social Dynamics 58 3.5 Ongoing Efforts Toward Controlling Social Diffusion and Future Challenges 62 Acknowledgments 63 References 63 4 Opportunities and Threats of Interactions Between Humans and Cyber–Physical Systems – Integration and Inclusion Approaches for Cphs 71 Frédéric Vanderhaegen and Victor Díaz Benito Jiménez 4.1 CPHS and Shared Control 72 4.2 “Tailor-made” Principles for Human–CPS Integration 73 4.3 “All-in-one” based Principles for Human–CPS Inclusion 74 4.4 Dissonances, Opportunities, and Threats in a CPHS 76 4.5 Examples of Opportunities and Threats 79 4.6 Conclusions 85 References 86 5 Enabling Human-Aware Autonomy Through Cognitive Modeling and Feedback Control 91 Neera Jain, Tahira Reid, Kumar Akash, Madeleine Yuh, and Jacob Hunter 5.1 Introduction 91 5.1.1 Important Cognitive Factors in HAI 92 5.1.2 Challenges with Existing CPHS Methods 93 5.1.3 How to Read This Chapter 95 5.2 Cognitive Modeling 95 5.2.1 Modeling Considerations 95 5.2.2 Cognitive Architectures 97 5.2.3 Computational Cognitive Models 98 5.2.3.1 ARMAV and Deterministic Linear Models 99 5.2.3.2 Dynamic Bayesian Models 99 5.2.3.3 Decision Analytical Models 100 5.2.3.4 POMDP Models 102 5.3 Study Design and Data Collection 103 5.3.1 Frame Research Questions and Identify Variables 104 5.3.2 Formulate Hypotheses or Determine the Data Needed 105 5.3.2.1 Hypothesis Testing Approach 105 5.3.2.2 Model Training Approach 105 5.3.3 Design Experiment and/or Study Scenario 107 5.3.3.1 Hypothesis Testing Approach 107 5.3.3.2 Model Training Approach 107 5.3.4 Conduct Pilot Studies and Get Initial Feedback; Do Preliminary Analysis 108 5.3.5 A Note about Institutional Review Boards and Recruiting Participants 109 5.4 Cognitive Feedback Control 109 5.4.1 Considerations for Feedback Control 110 5.4.2 Approaches 111 5.4.2.1 Heuristics-Based Planning 111 5.4.2.2 Measurement-Based Feedback 112 5.4.2.3 Goal-Oriented Feedback 112 5.4.2.4 Case Study 112 5.4.3 Evaluation Methods 113 5.5 Summary and Opportunities for Further Investigation 113 5.5.1 Model Generalizability and Adaptability 114 5.5.2 Measurement of Cognitive States 114 5.5.3 Human Subject Study Design 114 References 115 6 Shared Control with Human Trust and Workload Models 125 Murat Cubuktepe, Nils Jansen, and Ufuk Topcu 6.1 Introduction 125 6.1.1 Review of Shared Control Methods 126 6.1.2 Contribution and Approach 127 6.1.3 Review of IRL Methods Under Partial Information 128 6.1.3.1 Organization 129 6.2 Preliminaries 129 6.2.1 Markov Decision Processes 129 6.2.2 Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes 130 6.2.3 Specifications 130 6.3 Conceptual Description of Shared Control 131 6.4 Synthesis of the Autonomy Protocol 132 6.4.1 Strategy Blending 132 6.4.2 Solution to the Shared Control Synthesis Problem 133 6.4.2.1 Nonlinear Programming Formulation for POMDPs 133 6.4.2.2 Strategy Repair Using Sequential Convex Programming 134 6.4.3 Sequential Convex Programming Formulation 135 6.4.4 Linearizing Nonconvex Problem 135 6.4.4.1 Linearizing Nonconvex Constraints and Adding Slack Variables 135 6.4.4.2 Trust Region Constraints 136 6.4.4.3 Complete Algorithm 136 6.4.4.4 Additional Specifications 136 6.4.4.5 Additional Measures 137 6.5 Numerical Examples 137 6.5.1 Modeling Robot Dynamics as POMDPs 138 6.5.2 Generating Human Demonstrations 138 6.5.3 Learning a Human Strategy 139 6.5.4 Task Specification 139 6.5.5 Results 140 6.6 Conclusion 140 Acknowledgments 140 References 140 7 Parallel Intelligence for CPHS: An ACP Approach 145 Xiao Wang, Jing Yang, Xiaoshuang Li, and Fei-Yue Wang 7.1 Background and Motivation 145 7.2 Early Development in China 147 7.3 Key Elements and Framework 149 7.4 Operation and Process 151 7.4.1 Construction of Artificial Systems 152 7.4.2 Computational Experiments in Parallel Intelligent Systems 152 7.4.3 Closed-Loop Optimization Based on Parallel Execution 153 7.5 Applications 153 7.5.1 Parallel Control and Intelligent Control 154 7.5.2 Parallel Robotics and Parallel Manufacturing 156 7.5.3 Parallel Management and Intelligent Organizations 157 7.5.4 Parallel Medicine and Smart Healthcare 158 7.5.5 Parallel Ecology and Parallel Societies 160 7.5.6 Parallel Economic Systems and Social Computing 161 7.5.7 Parallel Military Systems 163 7.5.8 Parallel Cognition and Parallel Philosophy 164 7.6 Conclusion and Prospect 165 References 165 Part II Transportation 171 8 Regularities of Human Operator Behavior and Its Modeling 173 Aleksandr V. Efremov 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 The Key Variables in Man–Machine Systems 174 8.3 Human Responses 177 8.4 Regularities of Man–Machine System in Manual Control 180 8.4.1 Man–Machine System in Single-loop Compensatory System 180 8.4.2 Man–Machine System in Multiloop, Multichannel, and Multimodal Tasks 185 8.4.2.1 Man–Machine System in the Multiloop Tracking Task 185 8.4.2.2 Man–Machine System in the Multichannel Tracking Task 187 8.4.2.3 Man–Machine System in Multimodal Tracking Tasks 188 8.4.2.4 Human Operator Behavior in Pursuit and Preview Tracking Tasks 191 8.5 Mathematical Modeling of Human Operator Behavior in Manual Control Task 194 8.5.1 McRuer’s Model for the Pilot Describing Function 194 8.5.1.1 Single-Loop Compensatory Model 194 8.5.1.2 Multiloop and Multimodal Compensatory Model 197 8.5.2 Structural Human Operator Model 197 8.5.3 Pilot Optimal Control Model 199 8.5.4 Pilot Models in Preview and Pursuit Tracking Tasks 201 8.6 Applications of the Man–Machine System Approach 202 8.6.1 Development of Criteria for Flying Qualities and PIO Prediction 203 8.6.1.1 Criteria of FQ and PIO Prediction as a Requirement for the Parameters of the Pilot-Aircraft System 203 8.6.1.2 Calculated Piloting Rating of FQ as the Criteria 205 8.6.2 Interfaces Design 206 8.6.3 Optimization of Control System and Vehicle Dynamics Parameters 210 8.7 Future Research Challenges and Visions 213 8.8 Conclusion 214 References 215 9 Safe Shared Control Between Pilots and Autopilots in the Face of Anomalies 219 Emre Eraslan, Yildiray Yildiz, and Anuradha M. Annaswamy 9.1 Introduction 219 9.2 Shared Control Architectures: A Taxonomy 221 9.3 Recent Research Results 222 9.3.1 Autopilot 224 9.3.1.1 Dynamic Model of the Aircraft 224 9.3.1.2 Advanced Autopilot Based on Adaptive Control 225 9.3.1.3 Autopilot Based on Proportional Derivative Control 228 9.3.2 Human Pilot 228 9.3.2.1 Pilot Models in the Absence of Anomaly 228 9.3.2.2 Pilot Models in the Presence of Anomaly 229 9.3.3 Shared Control 230 9.3.3.1 SCA1: A Pilot with a CfM-Based Perception and a Fixed-Gain Autopilot 231 9.3.3.2 SCA2: A Pilot with a CfM-Based Decision-Making and an Advanced Adaptive Autopilot 232 9.3.4 Validation with Human-in-the-Loop Simulations 232 9.3.5 Validation of Shared Control Architecture 1 234 9.3.5.1 Experimental Setup 234 9.3.5.2 Anomaly 235 9.3.5.3 Experimental Procedure 235 9.3.5.4 Details of the Human Subjects 236 9.3.5.5 Pilot-Model Parameters 237 9.3.5.6 Results and Observations 237 9.3.6 Validation of Shared Control Architecture 2 240 9.3.6.1 Experimental Setup 241 9.3.6.2 Anomaly 241 9.3.6.3 Experimental Procedure 242 9.3.6.4 Details of the Human Subjects 243 9.3.6.5 Results and Observations 244 9.4 Summary and Future Work 246 References 247 10 Safe Teleoperation of Connected and Automated Vehicles 251 Frank J. Jiang, Jonas Mårtensson, and Karl H. Johansson 10.1 Introduction 251 10.2 Safe Teleoperation 254 10.2.1 The Advent of 5G 258 10.3 CPHS Design Challenges in Safe Teleoperation 259 10.4 Recent Research Advances 261 10.4.1 Enhancing Operator Perception 261 10.4.2 Safe Shared Autonomy 264 10.5 Future Research Challenges 267 10.5.1 Full Utilization of V2X Networks 267 10.5.2 Mixed Autonomy Traffic Modeling 268 10.5.3 5G Experimentation 268 10.6 Conclusions 269 References 270 11 Charging Behavior of Electric Vehicles 273 Qing-Shan Jia and Teng Long 11.1 History, Challenges, and Opportunities 274 11.1.1 The History and Status Quo of EVs 274 11.1.2 The Current Challenge 276 11.1.3 The Opportunities 277 11.2 Data Sets and Problem Modeling 278 11.2.1 Data Sets of EV Charging Behavior 278 11.2.1.1 Trend Data Sets 279 11.2.1.2 Driving Data Sets 279 11.2.1.3 Battery Data Sets 279 11.2.1.4 Charging Data Sets 279 11.2.2 Problem Modeling 281 11.3 Control and Optimization Methods 284 11.3.1 The Difficulty of the Control and Optimization 284 11.3.2 Charging Location Selection and Routing Optimization 285 11.3.3 Charging Process Control 286 11.3.4 Control and Optimization Framework 287 11.3.4.1 Centralized Optimization 287 11.3.4.2 Decentralized Optimization 288 11.3.4.3 Hierarchical Optimization 288 11.3.5 The Impact of Human Behaviors 289 11.4 Conclusion and Discussion 289 References 290 Part III Robotics 299 12 Trust-Triggered Robot–Human Handovers Using Kinematic Redundancy for Collaborative Assembly in Flexible Manufacturing 301 S. M. Mizanoor Rahman, Behzad Sadrfaridpour, Ian D. Walker, and Yue Wang 12.1 Introduction 301 12.2 The Task Context and the Handover 303 12.3 The Underlying Trust Model 304 12.4 Trust-Based Handover Motion Planning Algorithm 305 12.4.1 The Overall Motion Planning Strategy 305 12.4.2 Manipulator Kinematics and Kinetics Models 305 12.4.3 Dynamic Impact Ellipsoid 306 12.4.4 The Novel Motion Control Approach 307 12.4.5 Illustration of the Novel Algorithm 308 12.5 Development of the Experimental Settings 310 12.5.1 Experimental Setup 310 12.5.1.1 Type I: Center Console Assembly 310 12.5.1.2 Type II: Hose Assembly 311 12.5.2 Real-Time Measurement and Display of Trust 311 12.5.2.1 Type I: Center Console Assembly 311 12.5.2.2 Type II: Hose Assembly 313 12.5.2.3 Trust Computation 313 12.5.3 Plans to Execute the Trust-Triggered Handover Strategy 314 12.5.3.1 Type I Assembly 314 12.5.3.2 Type II Assembly 314 12.6 Evaluation of the Motion Planning Algorithm 315 12.6.1 Objective 315 12.6.2 Experiment Design 315 12.6.3 Evaluation Scheme 315 12.6.4 Subjects 316 12.6.5 Experimental Procedures 316 12.6.5.1 Type I Assembly 317 12.6.5.2 Type II Assembly 317 12.7 Results and Analyses, Type I Assembly 318 12.8 Results and Analyses, Type II Assembly 322 12.9 Conclusions and Future Work 323 Acknowledgment 324 References 324 13 Fusing Electrical Stimulation and Wearable Robots with Humans to Restore and Enhance Mobility 329 Thomas Schauer, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, and Juan C. Moreno 13.1 Introduction 329 13.1.1 Functional Electrical Stimulation 330 13.1.2 Spinal Cord Stimulation 331 13.1.3 Wearable Robotics (WR) 332 13.1.4 Fusing FES/SCS and Wearable Robotics 334 13.2 Control Challenges 335 13.2.1 Feedback Approaches to Promote Volition 336 13.2.2 Principles of Assist-as-Needed 336 13.2.3 Tracking Control Problem Formulation 336 13.2.4 Co-operative Control Strategies 337 13.2.5 EMG- and MMG-Based Assessment of Muscle Activation 344 13.3 Examples 345 13.3.1 A Hybrid Robotic System for Arm Training of Stroke Survivors 345 13.3.2 First Certified Hybrid Robotic Exoskeleton for Gait Rehabilitation Settings 347 13.3.3 Body Weight-Supported Robotic Gait Training with tSCS 348 13.3.4 Modular FES and Wearable Robots to Customize Hybrid Solutions 348 13.4 Transfer into Daily Practice: Integrating Ethical, Legal, and Societal Aspects into the Design 350 13.5 Summary and Outlook 352 Acknowledgments 353 Acronyms 353 References 354 14 Contemporary Issues and Advances in Human–Robot Collaborations 365 Takeshi Hatanaka, Junya Yamauchi, Masayuki Fujita, and Hiroyuki Handa 14.1 Overview of Human–Robot Collaborations 365 14.1.1 Task Architecture 366 14.1.2 Human–Robot Team Formation 368 14.1.3 Human Modeling: Control and Decision 369 14.1.4 Human Modeling: Other Human Factors 371 14.1.5 Industrial Perspective 372 14.1.6 What Is in This Chapter 375 14.2 Passivity-Based Human-Enabled Multirobot Navigation 376 14.2.1 Architecture Design 377 14.2.2 Human Passivity Analysis 379 14.2.3 Human Workload Analysis 381 14.3 Operation Support with Variable Autonomy via Gaussian Process 383 14.3.1 Design of the Operation Support System with Variable Autonomy 385 14.3.2 User Study 388 14.3.2.1 Operational Verification 388 14.3.2.2 Usability Test 390 14.4 Summary 391 Acknowledgments 393 References 393 Part IV Healthcare 401 15 Overview and Perspectives on the Assessment and Mitigation of Cognitive Fatigue in Operational Settings 403 Mike Salomone, Michel Audiffren, and Bruno Berberian 15.1 Introduction 403 15.2 Cognitive Fatigue 404 15.2.1 Definition 404 15.2.2 Origin of Cognitive Fatigue 404 15.2.3 Effects on Adaptive Capacities 406 15.3 Cyber–Physical System and Cognitive Fatigue: More Automation Does Not Imply Less Cognitive Fatigue 406 15.4 Assessing Cognitive Fatigue 409 15.4.1 Subjective Measures 409 15.4.2 Behavioral Measures 410 15.4.3 Physiological Measurements 410 15.5 Limitations and Benefits of These Measures 412 15.6 Current and Future Solutions and Countermeasures 412 15.6.1 Physiological Computing: Toward Real-Time Detection and Adaptation 412 15.7 System Design and Explainability 414 15.8 Future Challenges 415 15.8.1 Generalizing the Results Observed in the Laboratory to Ecological Situations 415 15.8.2 Determining the Specificity of Cognitive Fatigue 415 15.8.3 Recovering from Cognitive Fatigue 417 15.9 Conclusion 418 References 419 16 Epidemics Spread Over Networks: Influence of Infrastructure and Opinions 429 Baike She, Sebin Gracy, Shreyas Sundaram, Henrik Sandberg, Karl H. Johansson, andPhilipE.Paré 16.1 Introduction 429 16.1.1 Infectious Diseases 429 16.1.2 Modeling Epidemic Spreading Processes 430 16.1.3 Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible (SIS) Compartmental Models 431 16.2 Epidemics on Networks 432 16.2.1 Motivation 432 16.2.2 Modeling Epidemics over Networks 433 16.2.3 Networked Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible Epidemic Models 434 16.3 Epidemics and Cyber–Physical–Human Systems 436 16.3.1 Epidemic and Opinion Spreading Processes 437 16.3.2 Epidemic and Infrastructure 438 16.4 Recent Research Advances 439 16.4.1 Notation 439 16.4.2 Epidemic and Opinion Spreading Processes 440 16.4.2.1 Opinions Over Networks with Both Cooperative and Antagonistic Interactions 440 16.4.2.2 Coupled Epidemic and Opinion Dynamics 441 16.4.2.3 Opinion-Dependent Reproduction Number 443 16.4.2.4 Simulations 444 16.4.3 Epidemic Spreading with Shared Resources 445 16.4.3.1 The Multi-Virus SIWS Model 445 16.4.3.2 Problem Statements 447 16.4.3.3 Analysis of the Eradicated State of a Virus 448 16.4.3.4 Persistence of a Virus 449 16.4.3.5 Simulations 449 16.5 Future Research Challenges and Visions 450 References 451 17 Digital Twins and Automation of Care in the Intensive Care Unit 457 J. Geoffrey Chase, Cong Zhou, Jennifer L. Knopp, Knut Moeller, Balázs Benyo, Thomas Desaive, Jennifer H. K. Wong, Sanna Malinen, Katharina Naswall, Geoffrey M. Shaw, Bernard Lambermont, and Yeong S. Chiew 17.1 Introduction 457 17.1.1 Economic Context 458 17.1.2 Healthcare Context 459 17.1.3 Technology Context 460 17.1.4 Overall Problem and Need 460 17.2 Digital Twins and CPHS 461 17.2.1 Digital Twin/Virtual Patient Definition 461 17.2.2 Requirements in an ICU Context 463 17.2.3 Digital Twin Models in Key Areas of ICU Care and Relative to Requirements 464 17.2.4 Review of Digital Twins in Automation of ICU Care 466 17.2.5 Summary 467 17.3 Role of Social-Behavioral Sciences 467 17.3.1 Introduction 467 17.3.2 Barriers to Innovation Adoption 467 17.3.3 Ergonomics and Codesign 468 17.3.4 Summary (Key Takeaways) 469 17.4 Future Research Challenges and Visions 470 17.4.1 Technology Vision of the Future of CPHS in ICU Care 470 17.4.2 Social-Behavioral Sciences Vision of the Future of CPHS in ICU Care 471 17.4.3 Joint Vision of the Future and Challenges to Overcome 473 17.5 Conclusions 473 References 474 Part V Sociotechnical Systems 491 18 Online Attention Dynamics in Social Media 493 Maria Castaldo, Paolo Frasca, and Tommaso Venturini 18.1 Introduction to Attention Economy and Attention Dynamics 493 18.2 Online Attention Dynamics 494 18.2.1 Collective Attention Is Limited 494 18.2.2 Skewed Attention Distribution 495 18.2.3 The Role of Novelty 496 18.2.4 The Role of Popularity 496 18.2.5 Individual Activity Is Bursty 499 18.2.6 Recommendation Systems Are the Main Gateways for Information 500 18.2.7 Change Is the Only Constant 500 18.3 The New Challenge: Understanding Recommendation Systems Effect in Attention Dynamics 501 18.3.1 Model Description 502 18.3.2 Results and Discussion 503 18.4 Conclusion 505 Acknowledgments 505 References 505 19 Cyber–Physical–Social Systems for Smart City 511 Gang Xiong, Noreen Anwar, Peijun Ye, Xiaoyu Chen, Hongxia Zhao, Yisheng Lv, Fenghua Zhu, Hongxin Zhang, Xu Zhou, and Ryan W. Liu 19.1 Introduction 511 19.2 Social Community and Smart Cities 513 19.2.1 Smart Infrastructure 513 19.2.2 Smart Energy 515 19.2.3 Smart Transportation 515 19.2.4 Smart Healthcare 517 19.3 CPSS Concepts, Tools, and Techniques 518 19.3.1 CPSS Concepts 518 19.3.2 CPSS Tools 519 19.3.3 CPSS Techniques 520 19.3.3.1 IoT in Smart Cities 520 19.3.3.2 Big Data in Smart Cities 525 19.4 Recent Research Advances 528 19.4.1 Recent Research Advances of CASIA 528 19.4.2 Recent Research in European Union 531 19.4.3 Future Research Challenges and Visions 533 19.5 Conclusions 537 Acknowledgments 538 References 538 Part VI Concluding Remarks 543 20 Conclusion and Perspectives 545 Anuradha M. Annaswamy, Pramod P. Khargonekar, Françoise Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, and Sarah K. Spurgeon 20.1 Benefits to Humankind: Synthesis of the Chapters and their Open Directions 545 20.2 Selected Areas for Current and Future Development in CPHS 547 20.2.1 Driver Modeling for the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 547 20.2.2 Cognitive Cyber–Physical Systems and CPHS 547 20.2.3 Emotion–Cognition Interactions 548 20.3 Ethical and Social Concerns: Few Directions 549 20.3.1 Frameworks for Ethics 550 20.3.2 Technical Approaches 550 20.4 Afterword 551 References 551 Index 555

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Book SynopsisWELDING ENGINEERING The new edition of the popular welding engineering textbook includes brand-new topics, assignments, and review questions Welding Engineering: An Introduction provides a clear and accessible overview of the concepts, tools, materials, and methods of modern welding and joining technology. With emphasis on fundamental engineering principles, this comprehensive textbook offers easy-to-understand coverage of a wide range of key topics in welding engineering, from the basics of arc welding processes to welding metallurgy, design, and safety. Concise chapters offer numerous figures, tables, images, and recommended readings to promote reader comprehension of the material. Now in its second edition, the text contains fully revised content throughout, including entirely new sections on additive manufacturing and computational modeling of welds. Updated and expanded chapters address modern arc welding power supply technology, resistance, solid-state, and high energy density welding processes, weld inspection methods, codes and standards, welding of high strength steels, and more. This edition features simple yet effective end-of-chapter assignments that enhance students' learning and assist instructors in developing assessment questions for their course. The second edition of Welding Engineering: Provides up-to-date coverage of rapidly growing techniques and technologies within the field Features new assignments and true/false questions at the end of each chapter Explains the essential concepts and principles necessary for more in-depth courses in welding, metallurgy, and design Covers all the major welding processes used in manufacturing and fabrication Welding Engineering: An Introduction, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate welding engineering courses taught within four-year engineering degree programs, and a valuable guide for engineers and professionals in the manufacturing industry who need to learn fundamental welding engineering concepts for their job roles.Table of ContentsPreface xiii About the Companion Website xv 1 What Is Welding Engineering? 1 1.1 Introduction to Welding Processes 1 2 Arc Welding Processes 3 2.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Arc Welding 3 2.1.1 Fundamentals of an Electric Arc 5 2.1.2 Arc Voltage 6 2.1.3 Polarity 7 2.1.4 Heat Input 9 2.1.5 Welding Position 10 2.1.6 Filler Metals and Electrodes 11 2.1.7 Shielding 11 2.1.7.1 Gas Shielding 11 2.1.7.2 Flux Shielding 12 2.1.8 Weld Joints and Weld Types for Arc Welding 13 2.1.9 Primary Operating Variables in Arc Welding 14 2.1.9.1 Voltage 14 2.1.9.2 Current 14 2.1.9.3 Electrode Feed Rate/Wire Feed Speed 15 2.1.9.4 Welding Travel Speed 15 2.1.10 Metal Transfer Mode 16 2.1.11 Arc Blow 16 2.1.12 Common Arc Welding Defects and Discontinuities 17 2.2 Arc Welding Power Supplies 17 2.2.1 Transformers 18 2.2.2 Generators 18 2.2.3 Important Electrical Elements in Arc Welding Power Supplies 20 2.2.4 Volt-Ampere Characteristic of Arc Welding Power Supplies 23 2.2.5 Duty Cycle 26 2.2.6 Modern Advanced Arc Welding Power Supplies 27 2.3 Shielded Metal Arc Welding 30 2.4 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 36 2.5 Plasma Arc Welding 44 2.6 Gas Metal Arc Welding 47 2.7 Flux Cored Arc Welding 55 2.8 Submerged Arc Welding 58 2.9 Other Arc Welding Processes 63 2.9.1 Electrogas Welding 63 2.9.2 Electroslag Welding 63 2.9.3 Arc Stud Welding 65 2.10 Test Your Knowledge 68 3 Resistance Welding Processes 69 3.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Resistance Welding Processes 69 3.1.1 Resistance and Resistivity 69 3.1.2 Current Range and Lobe Curves 72 3.1.3 Modern Equipment and Power Supplies 74 3.2 Resistance Spot Welding 75 3.3 Resistance Seam Welding 79 3.4 Resistance Projection Welding 81 3.5 High Frequency Welding 83 3.6 Flash Welding 85 3.7 Test Your Knowledge 88 4 Solid-State Welding Processes 91 4.1 Fundamentals and Principles of Solid-State Welding 91 4.1.1 Solid-State Welding Theory 91 4.1.2 Roll Bonding Theory 92 4.2 Friction Welding Processes 93 4.2.1 Inertia Friction Welding 94 4.2.2 Continuous Drive Friction Welding 96 4.2.3 Linear Friction Welding 97 4.2.4 Friction Stir Welding 98 4.3 Other Solid-State Welding Processes 101 4.3.1 Diffusion Welding 101 4.3.2 Explosion Welding 104 4.3.3 Ultrasonic Welding 106 4.4 Test Your Knowledge 110 5 High-Energy Density Welding Processes 111 5.1 Fundamentals and Principles of High-Energy Density Welding 111 5.1.1 Power Density 111 5.1.2 Keyhole Mode Welding 113 5.2 Laser Beam Welding 113 5.3 Electron Beam Welding 116 5.4 Test Your Knowledge 118 6 Other Approaches to Welding and Joining 121 6.1 Brazing and Soldering 121 6.2 Welding of Plastics 123 6.2.1 Hot Tool (Plate) Welding 124 6.2.2 Hot Gas Welding 125 6.2.3 Implant Induction Welding 126 6.2.4 Ultrasonic Welding 126 6.2.5 Vibration Welding 127 6.3 Adhesive Bonding 128 6.4 Novel and Hybrid Welding Processes 128 6.5 Additive Manufacturing 131 6.6 Oxyfuel Welding and Cutting 132 6.7 Other Cutting Processes 137 6.7.1 Plasma Cutting 137 6.7.2 Laser Beam Cutting 138 6.7.3 Air Carbon Arc Gouging 138 6.8 Test Your Knowledge 140 7 Design Considerations for Welding 141 7.1 Introduction to Welding Design 141 7.2 Mechanical Properties 141 7.2.1 Yield Strength 141 7.2.2 Tensile Strength 142 7.2.3 Ductility 142 7.2.4 Fatigue Strength 142 7.2.5 Toughness 142 7.2.6 Mechanical Properties—Effect of Temperature 144 7.3 Physical Properties 144 7.3.1 Thermal Conductivity 144 7.3.2 Melting Temperature 144 7.3.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 145 7.3.4 Electrical Conductivity 145 7.4 Design Elements for Welded Connections 145 7.4.1 Joint and Weld Types 145 7.4.2 Joint and Weld Type Selection Considerations 148 7.4.3 Weld Joint Nomenclature—Groove Welds 150 7.4.4 Weld Joint Nomenclature—Fillet Welds 151 7.4.5 Welding Positions 151 7.5 Welding Symbols 154 7.6 Weld Sizing 159 7.7 Computational Modeling of Welds 162 7.8 Test Your Knowledge 164 8 Heat Flow, Residual Stress, and Distortion 165 8.1 Heat Flow 165 8.2 Fundamentals and Principles of Residual Stress and Distortion 169 8.3 Approaches to Minimizing or Eliminating Distortion 172 8.4 Test Your Knowledge 176 9 Welding Metallurgy 177 9.1 Introduction to Welding Metallurgy 177 9.2 The Fusion Zone 179 9.3 The Partially Melted Zone 180 9.4 The Heat‐Affected Zone (HAZ) 182 9.5 Introduction to Phase Diagrams 183 9.6 Test Your Knowledge 186 10 Welding Metallurgy of Carbon Steels 187 10.1 Introduction to Steels 187 10.2 Steel Microstructures and the Iron-Iron Carbide Diagram 189 10.3 Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Diagrams 193 10.4 Hardness and Hardenability 196 10.5 Hydrogen Cracking 198 10.6 Heat-Affected Zone Microstructures in Steel 200 10.7 Advanced High-Strength Steels 202 10.8 Test Your Knowledge 204 11 Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels 207 11.1 Introduction to Stainless Steels 207 11.2 Constitution Diagrams 208 11.3 Martensitic Stainless Steels 210 11.4 Ferritic Stainless Steels 211 11.5 Austenitic Stainless Steels 214 11.6 Duplex Stainless Steels 218 11.7 Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels 220 11.8 Test Your Knowledge 220 12 Welding Metallurgy of Nonferrous Alloys 223 12.1 Aluminum Alloys 223 12.2 Nickel-Based Alloys 227 12.3 Titanium Alloys 231 12.4 Copper Alloys 234 12.5 Magnesium Alloys 235 12.6 Test Your Knowledge 237 13 Weld Quality 239 13.1 Weld Discontinuities and Defects 239 13.2 Mechanical Testing of Weldments 240 13.2.1 Tensile Testing 240 13.2.2 Ductility Testing 241 13.2.3 Toughness Testing 243 13.2.4 Fatigue Testing 244 13.3 Nondestructive Testing 248 13.3.1 Visual Examination 249 13.3.2 Liquid Penetrant Testing 249 13.3.3 Magnetic Particle Testing 250 13.3.4 Radiographic Testing 252 13.3.5 Ultrasonic Testing 254 13.4 Introduction to Fractography 255 13.5 Test Your Knowledge 258 14 Codes, Standards, and Welding Qualification 259 14.1 Introduction to Standards 259 14.2 AWS D1.1—“Structural Welding Code—Steel” 265 14.2.1 Welding and Welder Qualification 265 14.2.2 Fabrication and Inspection 272 14.3 Test Your Knowledge 272 15 Safe Practices in Welding 275 15.1 Electrical Shock 275 15.2 Radiation 275 15.3 Burns 275 15.4 Smoke and Fumes 276 15.5 Welding in Confined Space 276 15.6 Fire and Explosion Danger 276 15.7 Compressed Gasses 276 15.8 Hazardous Materials 277 15.9 Test Your Knowledge 277 Index 279

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Book SynopsisMechanics of Materials presents the theory and practice of mechanics of materials in a straight-forward, student-friendly manner that addresses the learning styles of today''s students without sacrificing rigor or depth in the presentation of topics. From basic concepts of stress and strain to more advanced topics like beam deflections and combined loads, this book provides students with everything they need to embark on successful careers in materials and mechanical engineering. Laying an emphasis on critical thinking forms, this text focuses on helping learners develop practical skills, encouraging them to recognize fundamental concepts relevant to specific situations, identify equations needed to solve problems, and engage with literature in the field. This International Adaptation has been thoroughly updated to use SI units. This edition strengthens the coverage by including methods such as moment area method and conjugate beam method for calculating deflectTable of Contents1 Stress 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Normal Stress Under Axial Loading 2 1.3 Direct Shear Stress 8 1.4 Bearing Stress 14 1.5 Stresses on Inclined Sections 18 1.6 Equality of Shear Stresses on Perpendicular Planes 20 2 Strain 31 2.1 Displacement, Deformation, and the Concept of Strain 31 2.2 Normal Strain 32 2.3 Shear Strain 37 2.4 Thermal Strain 41 3 Mechanical Properties of Materials 49 3.1 The Tension Test 49 3.2 The Stress-Strain Diagram 52 3.3 Hooke's Law 61 3.4 Poisson's Ratio 62 4 Design Concepts 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Types of Loads 78 4.3 Safety 79 4.4 Allowable Stress Design 80 4.5 Load and Resistance Factor Design 87 5 Axial Deformation 97 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Saint-Venant's Principle 98 5.3 Deformations in Axially Loaded Bars 100 5.4 Deformations in a System of Axially Loaded Bars 107 5.5 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members 114 5.6 Thermal Effects on Axial Deformation 125 5.7 Stress Concentrations 132 6 Torsion 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Torsional Shear Strain 151 6.3 Torsional Shear Stress 152 6.4 Stresses on Oblique Planes 154 6.5 Torsional Deformations 156 6.6 Torsion Sign Conventions 158 6.7 Gears in Torsion Assemblies 167 6.8 Power Transmission 172 6.9 Statically Indeterminate TorsionMembers 176 6.10 Stress Concentrations in Circular Shafts Under Torsional Loadings 188 6.11 Torsion of Noncircular Sections 191 6.12 Torsion of Thin-Walled Tubes: Shear Flow 195 7 Equilibrium of Beams 209 7.1 Introduction 209 7.2 Shear and Moment in Beams 211 7.3 Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams 222 7.4 Discontinuity Functions to Represent Load, Shear, and Moment 239 8 Bending 257 8.1 Introduction 257 8.2 Flexural Strains 259 8.3 Normal Stresses in Beams 260 8.4 Analysis of Bending Stresses in Beams 272 8.5 Introductory Beam Design for Strength 279 8.6 Flexural Stresses in Beams of Two Materials 284 8.7 Bending Due to an Eccentric Axial Load 295 8.8 Unsymmetric Bending 301 8.9 Stress Concentrations Under Flexural Loadings 311 8.10 Bending of Curved Bars 314 9 Shear Stress In Beams 339 9.1 Introduction 339 9.2 Resultant Forces Produced by Bending Stresses 339 9.3 The Shear Stress Formula 344 9.4 The First Moment of Area, Q 350 9.5 Shear Stresses in Beams of Rectangular Cross Section 352 9.6 Shear Stresses in Beams of Circular Cross Section 357 9.7 Shear Stresses in Beams of Triangular Cross Section 359 9.8 Shear Stresses in Webs of Flanged Beams 363 9.9 Shear Flow in Built-Up Members 366 9.10 Shear Stress and Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Members 375 9.11 Shear Centers of Thin-Walled Open Sections 393 10 Beam Deflections 421 10.1 Introduction 421 10.2 Moment-Curvature Relationship 422 10.3 The Differential Equation of the Elastic Curve 422 10.4 Determining Deflections by Integration of a Moment Equation 426 10.5 Determining Deflections by Integration of Shear-Force or Load Equations 438 10.6 Determining Deflections by Using Discontinuity Functions 441 10.7 Determining Deflections by the Method of Superposition 448 10.8 Determining Deflections by Using Moment Area Method 464 10.9 Determining Deflections by Using Conjugate Beam Method 466 11 Statically Indeterminate Beams 483 11.1 Introduction 483 11.2 Types of Statically Indeterminate Beams 483 11.3 The Integration Method 485 11.4 Use of Discontinuity Functions for Statically Indeterminate Beams 491 11.5 The Superposition Method 496 12 Stress Transformations 519 12.1 Introduction 519 12.2 Stress at a General Point in an Arbitrarily Loaded Body 519 12.3 Equilibrium of the Stress Element 522 12.4 Plane Stress 523 12.5 Generating the Stress Element 524 12.6 Equilibrium Method for Plane Stress Transformations 527 12.7 General Equations of Plane Stress Transformation 530 12.8 Principal Stresses and Maximum Shear Stress 536 12.9 Presentation of Stress Transformation Results 543 12.10 Mohr's Circle for Plane Stress 550 12.11 General State of Stress at a Point 566 13 Strain Transformations 587 13.1 Introduction 587 13.2 Plane Strain 588 13.3 Transformation Equations for Plane Strain 589 13.4 Principal Strains and Maximum Shearing Strain 593 13.5 Presentation of Strain Transformation Results 594 13.6 Mohr's Circle for Plane Strain 598 13.7 Strain Measurement and Strain Rosettes 600 14 Pressure Vessels 609 14.1 Introduction 609 14.2 Thin-Walled Spherical Pressure Vessels 610 14.3 Thin-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels 613 14.4 Strains in Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels 617 14.5 Stresses in Thick-Walled Cylinders 619 14.6 Deformations in Thick-Walled Cylinders 627 14.7 Interference Fits 630 15 Combined Loads 641 15.1 Introduction 641 15.2 Combined Axial and Torsional Loads 641 15.3 Principal Stresses in a Flexural Member 644 15.4 General Combined Loadings 653 15.5 Theories of Failure 669 16 Columns 691 16.1 Introduction 691 16.2 Buckling of Pin-Ended Columns 694 16.3 The Effect of End Conditions on Column Buckling 702 16.4 The Secant Formula 712 16.5 Empirical Column Formulas--Centric Loading 717 16.6 Eccentrically Loaded Columns 725 17 Energy Methods 743 17.1 Introduction 743 17.2 Work and Strain Energy 744 17.3 Elastic Strain Energy for Axial Deformation 748 17.4 Elastic Strain Energy for Torsional Deformation 750 17.5 Elastic Strain Energy for Flexural Deformation 752 17.6 Impact Loading 756 17.7 Work-Energy Method for Single Loads 770 17.8 Method of Virtual Work 773 17.9 Deflections of Trusses by the Virtual-Work Method 778 17.10 Deflections of Beams by the Virtual-Work Method 786 17.11 Castigliano's Second Theorem 795 17.12 Calculating Deflections of Trusses by Castigliano's Theorem 797 17.13 Calculating Deflections of Beams by Castigliano's Theorem 803 Appendix A Geometric Properties of an Area 823 A.1 Centroid of an Area 823 A.2 Moment of Inertia for an Area 826 A.3 Product of Inertia for an Area 830 A.4 Principal Moments of Inertia 833 A.5 Mohr's Circle for Principal Moments of Inertia 837 Appendix B Geometric Properties of Structural Steel Shapes 841 Appendix C Table of Beam Slopes and Deflections 847 Appendix D Average Properties of Selected Materials 851 Appendix E Generalized Hooke's Law for Isotropic and Orthotropic Materials 855 E.1 Generalized Hooke's Law for Isotropic Materials 855 E.2 Generalized Hooke's Law for Orthotropic Materials 872 Appendix F Fundamental Mechanics of Materials Equations 877 Answers To Odd Numbered Problems (Available Online)

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction xxi Assessment Test xxxiii Chapter 1 Overview of Google Cloud 1 Types of Cloud Services 2 Compute Resources 3 Storage 4 Networking 7 Specialized Services 8 Cloud Computing vs. Data Center Computing 8 Rent Instead of Own Resources 8 Pay- as- You- Go- for- What- You- Use Model 9 Elastic Resource Allocation 9 Specialized Services 10 Summary 10 Exam Essentials 10 Review Questions 12 Chapter 2 Google Cloud Computing Services 17 Computing Components of Google Cloud 18 Computing Resources 19 Storage Components of Google Cloud 23 Storage Resources 23 Databases 26 Networking Components of Google Cloud 28 Networking Services 28 Identity Management and Security 30 Development Tools 30 Additional Components of Google Cloud 31 Management and Observability Tools 31 Specialized Services 32 Summary 33 Exam Essentials 33 Review Questions 36 Chapter 3 Projects, Service Accounts, and Billing 41 How Google Cloud Organizes Projects and Accounts 42 Google Cloud Resource Hierarchy 42 Organization Policies 45 Managing Projects 46 Roles and Identities 49 Roles in Google Cloud 50 Granting Roles to Identities 50 Service Accounts 52 Billing 53 Billing Accounts 53 Billing Budgets and Alerts 56 Exporting Billing Data 57 Enabling APIs 59 Summary 60 Exam Essentials 61 Review Questions 62 Chapter 4 Introduction to Computing in Google Cloud 67 Compute Engine 68 Virtual Machine Images 68 Virtual Machines Are Contained in Projects 77 Virtual Machines Run in a Zone and Region 78 Users Need Privileges to Create Virtual Machines 79 Preemptible Virtual Machines 80 Custom Machine Types 81 Use Cases for Compute Engine Virtual Machines 82 App Engine 83 Structure of an App Engine Application 84 App Engine Standard and Flexible Environments 85 Use Cases for App Engine 86 Kubernetes Engine 87 Kubernetes Functionality 88 Kubernetes Cluster Architecture 88 Kubernetes Engine Use Cases 89 Anthos 90 Cloud Run 90 Cloud Run Use Cases 91 Cloud Functions 91 Cloud Functions Execution Environment 91 Cloud Functions Use Cases 93 Summary 93 Exam Essentials 95 Review Questions 96 Chapter 5 Computing with Compute Engine Virtual Machines 101 Creating and Configuring Virtual Machines with the Console 102 Main Virtual Machine Configuration Details 104 Advanced Configuration Details 109 Creating and Configuring Virtual Machines with Cloud SDK 117 Installing Cloud SDK 117 Example Installation on Ubuntu Linux 118 Creating a Virtual Machine with Cloud SDK 119 Creating a Virtual Machine with Cloud Shell 120 Basic Virtual Machine Management 121 Starting and Stopping Instances 121 Network Access to Virtual Machines 121 Monitoring a Virtual Machine 123 Cost of Virtual Machines 123 Guidelines for Planning, Deploying, and Managing Virtual Machines 125 Summary 125 Exam Essentials 126 Review Questions 127 Chapter 6 Managing Virtual Machines 131 Managing Single Virtual Machine Instances 132 Managing Single Virtual Machine Instances in the Console 132 Managing a Single Virtual Machine Instance with Cloud Shell and the Command Line 141 Introduction to Instance Groups 147 Creating and Removing Instance Groups and Templates 147 Instance Groups Load Balancing and Autoscaling 149 Guidelines for Managing Virtual Machines 150 Summary 150 Exam Essentials 151 Review Questions 152 Chapter 7 Computing with Kubernetes 157 Introduction to Kubernetes Engine 158 Kubernetes Cluster Architecture 159 Kubernetes Objects 159 Deploying Kubernetes Clusters 162 Deploying Kubernetes Clusters Using Cloud Console 162 Deploying Kubernetes Clusters Using Cloud Shell and Cloud SDK 167 Deploying Application Pods 168 Monitoring Kubernetes 172 Summary 172 Exam Essentials 173 Review Questions 174 Chapter 8 Managing Standard Mode Kubernetes Clusters 179 Viewing the Status of a Kubernetes Cluster 180 Viewing the Status of Kubernetes Clusters Using Cloud Console 180 Pinning Services to the Top of the Navigation Menu 182 Viewing the Status of Kubernetes Clusters Using Cloud SDK and Cloud Shell 188 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Nodes 193 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Nodes with Cloud Console 193 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Nodes with Cloud SDK and Cloud Shell 195 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Pods 196 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Pods with Cloud Console 196 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Pods with Cloud SDK and Cloud Shell 200 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Services 203 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Services with Cloud Console 203 Adding, Modifying, and Removing Services with Cloud SDK and Cloud Shell 205 Creating Repositories in the Artifact Registry 207 Viewing the Image Repository and Image Details with Cloud Console 207 Summary 209 Exam Essentials 209 Review Questions 210 Chapter 9 Computing with Cloud Run and App Engine 215 Overview of Cloud Run 216 Cloud Run Services 216 Cloud Run Jobs 217 Creating a Cloud Run Service 218 Creating a Cloud Run Job 222 App Engine Components 223 Deploying an App Engine Application 226 Deploying an App Using Cloud Shell and SDK 226 Scaling App Engine Applications 228 Splitting Traffic Between App Engine Versions 229 Summary 230 Exam Essentials 231 Review Questions 232 Chapter 10 Computing with Cloud Functions 237 Introduction to Cloud Functions 238 Events, Triggers, and Functions 238 Runtime Environments 239 Cloud Functions Receiving Events from Cloud Storage 241 Deploying a Cloud Function for Cloud Storage Events Using Cloud Console 241 Deploying a Cloud Function for Cloud Storage Events Using gcloud Commands 244 Cloud Functions Receiving Events from Pub/Sub 245 Deploying a Cloud Function for Cloud Pub/Sub Events Using Cloud Console 245 Deploying a Cloud Function for Cloud Pub/Sub Events Using gcloud Commands 246 Summary 247 Exam Essentials 247 Review Questions 249 Chapter 11 Planning Storage in the Cloud 253 Types of Storage Systems 254 Cache 255 Persistent Storage 257 Object Storage 258 Storage Types When Planning a Storage Solution 264 Storage Data Models 265 Object: Cloud Storage 266 Relational: Cloud SQL and Cloud Spanner 266 Analytical: BigQuery 268 NoSQL: Cloud Firestore and Bigtable 270 Choosing a Storage Solution: Guidelines to Consider 277 Summary 278 Exam Essentials 278 Review Questions 280 Chapter 12 Deploying Storage in Google Cloud 285 Deploying and Managing Cloud SQL 286 Creating and Connecting to a MySQL Instance 286 Creating a Database, Loading Data, and Querying Data 288 Backing Up MySQL in Cloud SQL 289 Deploying and Managing Firestore 292 Adding Data to a Firestore Database 292 Backing Up Firestore 294 Deploying and Managing BigQuery 294 Estimating the Cost of Queries in BigQuery 294 Viewing Jobs in BigQuery 296 Deploying and Managing Cloud Spanner 297 Deploying and Managing Cloud Pub/Sub 302 Deploying and Managing Cloud Bigtable 306 Deploying and Managing Cloud Dataproc 308 Managing Cloud Storage 314 Summary 316 Exam Essentials 316 Review Questions 317 Chapter 13 Loading Data into Storage 321 Loading and Moving Data to Cloud Storage 322 Loading and Moving Data to Cloud Storage Using the Console 322 Loading and Moving Data to Cloud Storage Using the Command Line 327 Importing and Exporting Data 328 Importing and Exporting Data: Cloud SQL 328 Importing and Exporting Data: Cloud Firestore 332 Importing and Exporting Data: BigQuery 332 Importing and Exporting Data: Cloud Spanner 337 Exporting Data from Cloud Bigtable 339 Importing and Exporting Data: Cloud Dataproc 340 Streaming Data to Cloud Pub/Sub 341 Summary 342 Exam Essentials 342 Review Questions 344 Chapter 14 Networking in the Cloud: Virtual Private Clouds and Virtual Private Networks 349 Creating a Virtual Private Cloud with Subnets 350 Creating a Virtual Private Cloud with Cloud Console 350 Creating a Virtual Private Cloud with gcloud 354 Creating a Shared Virtual Private Cloud Using gcloud 355 Deploying Compute Engine with a Custom Network 357 Creating Firewall Rules for a Virtual Private Cloud 359 Structure of Firewall Rules 360 Creating Firewall Rules Using Cloud Console 361 Creating Firewall Rules Using gcloud 364 Creating a Virtual Private Network 364 Creating a Virtual Private Network Using Cloud Console 364 Creating a Virtual Private Network Using gcloud 368 Summary 368 Exam Essentials 369 Review Questions 370 Chapter 15 Networking in the Cloud: DNS, Load Balancing, Google Private Access, and IP Addressing 375 Configuring Cloud DNS 376 Creating DNS Managed Zones Using Cloud Console 376 Creating DNS Managed Zones Using gcloud 381 Configuring Load Balancers 382 Types of Load Balancers 382 Configuring Load Balancers Using Cloud Console 383 Configuring Load Balancers Using gcloud 386 Google Private Access 389 Managing IP Addresses 389 Expanding CIDR Blocks 390 Reserving IP Addresses 390 Summary 391 Exam Essentials 392 Review Questions 394 Chapter 16 Deploying Applications with Cloud Marketplace and Cloud Foundation Toolkit 399 Deploying a Solution Using Cloud Marketplace 400 Browsing Cloud Marketplace and Viewing Solutions 400 Deploying Cloud Marketplace Solutions 403 Building Infrastructure Using the Cloud Foundation Toolkit 411 Deployment Manager Configuration Files 411 Deployment Manager Template Files 414 Launching a Deployment Manager Template 414 Cloud Foundation Toolkit 415 Config Connector 418 Summary 418 Exam Essentials 418 Review Questions 420 Chapter 17 Configuring Access and Security 425 Managing Identity and Access Management 426 Viewing Account IAM Assignments 426 Assigning IAM Roles to Accounts and Groups 428 Defining Custom IAM Roles 432 Managing Service Accounts 436 Managing Service Accounts with Scopes 436 Assigning a Service Account to a VM Instance 438 Viewing Audit Logs 440 Summary 441 Exam Essentials 441 Review Questions 443 Chapter 18 Monitoring, Logging, and Cost Estimating 447 Cloud Monitoring 448 Creating Dashboards 449 Using Metric Explorer 450 Creating Alerts 454 Cloud Logging 458 Log Routers and Log Sinks 458 Configuring Log Sinks 459 Viewing and Filtering Logs 459 Viewing Message Details 462 Using Cloud Diagnostics 463 Overview of Cloud Trace 463 Viewing Google Cloud Status 464 Using the Pricing Calculator 464 Summary 467 Exam Essentials 468 Review Questions 469 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 473 Chapter 1: Overview of Google Cloud 474 Chapter 2: Google Cloud Computing Services 476 Chapter 3: Projects, Service Accounts, and Billing 478 Chapter 4: Introduction to Computing in Google Cloud 480 Chapter 5: Computing with Compute Engine Virtual Machines 482 Chapter 6: Managing Virtual Machines 485 Chapter 7: Computing with Kubernetes 487 Chapter 8: Managing Standard Mode Kubernetes Clusters 489 Chapter 9: Computing with Cloud Run and App Engine 491 Chapter 10: Computing with Cloud Functions 494 Chapter 11: Planning Storage in the Cloud 496 Chapter 12: Deploying Storage in Google Cloud 498 Chapter 13: Loading Data into Storage 500 Chapter 14: Networking in the Cloud: Virtual Private Clouds and Virtual Private Networks 502 Chapter 15: Networking in the Cloud: DNS, Load Balancing, Google Private Access, and IP Addressing 504 Chapter 16: Deploying Applications with Cloud Marketplace and Cloud Foundation Toolkit 507 Chapter 17: Configuring Access and Security 509 Chapter 18: Monitoring, Logging, and Cost Estimating 511 Index 515

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword xxix Preface xxxi Introduction xxxv Part I Technical Foundations 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Concepts and Relationships 3 Roles and Responsibilities 4 Network and Wireless Architects 4 Security, Risk, and Compliance Roles 5 Operations and Help Desk Roles 8 Support Roles 9 External and Third Parties 9 Security Concepts for Wireless Architecture 11 Security and IAC Triad in Wireless 11 Aligning Wireless Architecture Security to Organizational Risk 14 Factors Influencing Risk Tolerance 15 Assigning a Risk Tolerance Level 15 Considering Compliance and Regulatory Requirements 17 Compliance Regulations, Frameworks, and Audits 17 The Role of Policies, Standards, and Procedures 19 Segmentation Concepts 22 Authentication Concepts 23 Cryptography Concepts 27 Wireless Concepts for Secure Wireless Architecture 30 NAC and IEEE 802.1X in Wireless 33 SSID Security Profiles 34 Security 35 Endpoint Devices 35 Network Topology and Distribution of Users 37 Summary 43 Chapter 2 Understanding Technical Elements 45 Understanding Wireless Infrastructure and Operations 45 Management vs. Control vs. Data Planes 46 Cloud-Managed Wi-Fi and Gateways 48 Controller Managed Wi-Fi 52 Local Cluster Managed Wi-Fi 53 Remote APs 55 Summary 55 Understanding Data Paths 56 Tunneled 58 Bridged 59 Considerations of Bridging Client Traffic 59 Hybrid and Other Data Path Models 61 Filtering and Segmentation of Traffic 62 Summary 71 Understanding Security Profiles for SSIDs 72 WPA2 and WPA3 Overview 73 Transition Modes and Migration Strategies for Preserving Security 76 Enterprise Mode (802.1X) 77 Personal Mode (Passphrase with PSK/SAE) 87 Open Authentication Networks 94 Chapter 3 Understanding Authentication and Authorization 101 The IEEE 802.1X Standard 102 Terminology in 802.1X 103 High-Level 802.1X Process in Wi-Fi Authentication 105 RADIUS Servers, RADIUS Attributes, and VSAs 107 RADIUS Servers 107 RADIUS Servers and NAC Products 108 Relationship of RADIUS, EAP, and Infrastructure Devices 110 RADIUS Attributes 111 RADIUS Vendor-Specific Attributes 115 RADIUS Policies 116 RADIUS Servers, Clients and Shared Secrets 118 Other Requirements 121 Additional Notes on RADIUS Accounting 122 Change of Authorization and Disconnect Messages 123 EAP Methods for Authentication 127 Outer EAP Tunnels 129 Securing Tunneled EAP 132 Inner Authentication Methods 133 Legacy and Unsecured EAP Methods 137 Recommended EAP Methods for Secure Wi-Fi 138 MAC-Based Authentications 140 MAC Authentication Bypass with RADIUS 140 MAC Authentication Without RADIUS 147 MAC Filtering and Denylisting 147 Certificates for Authentication and Captive Portals 148 RADIUS Server Certificates for 802.1X 148 Endpoint Device Certificates for 802.1X 151 Best Practices for Using Certificates for 802.1X 152 Captive Portal Server Certificates 158 Best Practices for Using Certificates for Captive Portals 159 In Most Cases, Use a Public Root CA Signed Server Certificate 159 Understand the Impact of MAC Randomization on Captive Portals 159 Captive Portal Certificate Best Practices Recap 161 Summary 162 Captive Portal Security 163 Captive Portals for User or Guest Registration 163 Captive Portals for Acceptable Use Policies 165 Captive Portals for BYOD 166 Captive Portals for Payment Gateways 167 Security on Open vs. Enhanced Open Networks 167 Access Control for Captive Portal Processes 167 LDAP Authentication for Wi-Fi 168 The 4-Way Handshake in Wi-Fi 168 The 4-Way Handshake Operation 168 The 4-Way Handshake with WPA2-Personal and WPA3-Personal 170 The 4-Way Handshake with WPA2-Enterprise and WPA3-Enterprise 171 Summary 171 Chapter 4 Understanding Domain and Wi-Fi Design Impacts 173 Understanding Network Services for Wi-Fi 173 Time Sync Services 174 Time Sync Services and Servers 175 Time Sync Uses in Wi-Fi 175 DNS Services 177 DHCP Services 180 DHCP for Wi-Fi Clients 181 Planning DHCP for Wi-Fi Clients 184 DHCP for AP Provisioning 185 Certificates 186 Understanding Wi-Fi Design Impacts on Security 187 Roaming Protocols’ Impact on Security 188 Fast Roaming Technologies 193 System Availability and Resiliency 203 RF Design Elements 205 AP Placement, Channel, and Power Settings 205 Wi-Fi 6E 207 Rate Limiting Wi-Fi 208 Other Networking, Discovery, and Routing Elements 213 Summary 217 Part II Putting It All Together 219 Chapter 5 Planning and Design for Secure Wireless 221 Planning and Design Methodology 222 Discover Stage 223 Architect Stage 224 Iterate Stage 225 Planning and Design Inputs (Define and Characterize) 227 Scope of Work/Project 228 Teams Involved 230 Organizational Security Requirements 233 Current Security Policies 235 Endpoints 236 Users 239 System Security Requirements 239 Applications 240 Process Constraints 240 Wireless Management Architecture and Products 241 Planning and Design Outputs (Design, Optimize, and Validate) 241 Wireless Networks (SSIDs) 247 System Availability 249 Additional Software or Tools 249 Processes and Policy Updates 250 Infrastructure Hardening 251 Correlating Inputs to Outputs 252 Planning Processes and Templates 254 Requirements Discovery Template (Define and Characterize) 254 Sample Network Planning Template (SSID Planner) 261 Sample Access Rights Planning Templates 262 Notes for Technical and Executive Leadership 267 Planning and Budgeting for Wireless Projects 268 Consultants and Third Parties Can Be Invaluable 271 Selecting Wireless Products and Technologies 271 Expectations for Wireless Security 275 Summary 279 Chapter 6 Hardening the Wireless Infrastructure 281 Securing Management Access 282 Enforcing Encrypted Management Protocols 283 Eliminating Default Credentials and Passwords 293 Controlling Administrative Access and Authentication 296 Securing Shared Credentials and Keys 301 Addressing Privileged Access 303 Additional Secure Management Considerations 307 Designing for Integrity of the Infrastructure 308 Managing Configurations, Change Management, and Backups 309 Configuring Logging, Reporting, Alerting, and Automated Responses 313 Verifying Software Integrity for Upgrades and Patches 314 Working with 802.11w Protected Management Frames 316 Provisioning and Securing APs to Manager 321 Adding Wired Infrastructure Integrity 325 Planning Physical Security 331 Locking Front Panel and Console Access on Infrastructure Devices 334 Disabling Unused Protocols 337 Controlling Peer-to- Peer and Bridged Communications 339 A Note on Consumer Products in the Enterprise 339 Blocking Ad-Hoc Networks 341 Blocking Wireless Bridging on Clients 342 Filtering Inter-Station Traffic, Multicast, and mDNS 344 Best Practices for Tiered Hardening 353 Additional Security Configurations 354 Security Monitoring, Rogue Detection, and WIPS 355 Considerations for Hiding or Cloaking SSIDs 356 Requiring DHCP for Clients 359 Addressing Client Credential Sharing and Porting 360 Summary 362 Part III Ongoing Maintenance and Beyond 365 Chapter 7 Monitoring and Maintenance of Wireless Networks 367 Security Testing and Assessments of Wireless Networks 367 Security Audits 368 Vulnerability Assessments 370 Security Assessments 373 Penetration Testing 375 Ongoing Monitoring and Testing 376 Security Monitoring and Tools for Wireless 376 Wireless Intrusion Prevention Systems 377 Recommendations for WIPS 404 Synthetic Testing and Performance Monitoring 405 Security Logging and Analysis 407 Wireless-Specific Tools 410 Logging, Alerting, and Reporting Best Practices 416 Events to Log for Forensics or Correlation 417 Events to Alert on for Immediate Action 419 Events to Report on for Analysis and Trending 422 Troubleshooting Wi-Fi Security 424 Troubleshooting 802.1X/EAP and RADIUS 425 Troubleshooting MAC-based Authentication 428 Troubleshooting Portals, Onboarding, and Registration 431 Troubleshooting with Protected Management Frames Enabled 431 Training and Other Resources 432 Technology Training Courses and Providers 432 Vendor-Specific Training and Resources 435 Conferences and Community 436 Summary 437 Chapter 8 Emergent Trends and Non-Wi- Fi Wireless 439 Emergent Trends Impacting Wireless 440 Cloud-Managed Edge Architectures 440 Remote Workforce 441 Process Changes to Address Remote Work 443 Recommendations for Navigating a Remote Workforce 444 Bring Your Own Device 445 Zero Trust Strategies 455 Internet of Things 463 Enterprise IoT Technologies and Non-802.11 Wireless 465 IoT Considerations 466 Technologies and Protocols by Use Case 467 Features and Characteristics Impact on Security 502 Other Considerations for Secure IoT Architecture 507 Final Thoughts from the Book 508 Appendix A Notes on Configuring 802.1X with Microsoft NPS 513 Wi-Fi Infrastructure That Supports Enterprise (802.1X) SSID Security Profiles 513 Endpoints That Support 802.1X/EAP 514 A Way to Configure the Endpoints for the Specified Connectivity 515 An Authentication Server That Supports RADIUS 517 Appendix B Additional Resources 521 IETF RFCs 521 IEEE Standards and Documents 522 Wi-Fi Alliance 524 Blog, Consulting, and Book Materials 524 Compliance and Mappings 525 Cyber Insurance and Network Security 528 Appendix C Sample Architectures 531 Architectures for Internal Access Networks 532 Managed User with Managed Device 533 Headless/Non-User- Based Devices 539 Contractors and Third Parties 544 BYOD/Personal Devices with Internal Access 547 Guidance on WPA2-Enterprise and WPA3-Enterprise 549 Guidance on When to Separate SSIDs 550 Architectures for Guest/Internet-only Networks 551 Guest Networks 551 BYOD/Personal Devices with Internet-only Access 553 Determining Length of a WPA3-Personal Passphrase 555 Appendix D Parting Thoughts and Call to Action 559 The Future of Cellular and Wi-Fi 559 MAC Randomization 562 Index 567

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Book SynopsisOvercome your study inertia and polish your knowledge of physics Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 501 opportunities to practice solving problems from all the major topics covered you Physics I classin the book and online! Get extra help with tricky subjects, solidify what you've already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will help you succeed in this tough-but-required class, no matter what your skill level. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. Work through practice problems on all Physics I topics covered in school classesStep through detailed solutions to build your understandingAccess practice questions online to study anywhere, any timeImprove your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practiceThe material presented in Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement Physics I instruction. Physics I: 501 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883715) was previously published as Physics I Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118853153). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.Table of ContentsPart 1: The Questions 5 Chapter 1: Reviewing Math Fundamentals and Physics Measurements 7 Chapter 2: Moving along with Kinematics 11 Chapter 3: Moving in a Two-Dimensional World 17 Chapter 4: Pushing and Pulling: The Forces around You 23 Chapter 5: Slipping and Sliding: Motion and Forces 31 Chapter 6: Describing Rotational Motion 39 Chapter 7: Rotating Around in Different Loops 45 Chapter 8: Going with the Flow: Fluids 51 Chapter 9: Getting Some Work Done 57 Chapter 10: Picking Up Some Momentum with Impulse 65 Chapter 11: Rolling Around with Rotational Kinetics and Dynamics 73 Chapter 12: Bouncing with a Spring: Simple Harmonic Motion 87 Chapter 13: Heating Up with Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer 93 Chapter 14: Living in an Ideal World with the Ideal Gas Law 99 Chapter 15: Experiencing the Laws of Thermodynamics 103 Part 2: The Answers 109 Chapter 16: Answers 111 Index 413

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsForeword xiii Preface xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 When Is a Forest a Forest? 1 1.2 The Nature of Forestry and Forest Management 4 1.3 Silvicultural Regimes and Types of Forest Management 8 1.4 Silvicultural Analysis and Planning 15 1.5 Continuous Cover Forestry – Definitions, Terms and Semi-synonyms 18 1.5.1 Continuity of Woodland Conditions 24 1.5.2 Reliance on Natural Processes, Promoting Vertical and Horizontal Structure 26 1.5.3 Attention to Site Limitations 27 1.5.4 Species, Size and Genetic Diversity 27 1.5.5 Selective Individual-Tree Silviculture 28 1.5.6 Conserving Old Trees, Deadwood, Rare and Endangered Plant and Animal Species 29 1.5.7 Promoting Native Tree Species/Provenances and Broadleaves 29 1.5.8 Environmentally Sensitive Forest Protection, Thinning and Harvesting Operations, Environmentally Sensitive Wildlife Management 31 1.5.9 Establishment and Conservation of Forest Margins, of Other Special Habitats Inside Forests and Networks of Protected Forests 32 1.5.10 In Conclusion 33 1.6 Common Misconceptions Dispelled 34 1.7 The Societies that Shape Us: Contrasting History of Forestry 36 1.8 Ensuring Sustainability: Area Control Versus Size Control 45 1.9 CCF in a Changing World 48 1.10 How to Introduce CCF to a New Region or a Country? 51 2 How Do I get Started with CCF? 56 2.1 Introduction 56 2.2 Identifying Land Suitable for CCF 58 2.2.1 ‘Accidents’ that Turn into Flagships 64 2.3 Starting from Scratch – Instant New CCF 68 2.3.1 Bradford–Hutt Plan 75 2.3.2 Anderson Group Selection System 79 2.4 The Mission of Transformation and Conversion 81 2.4.1 Underplanting 88 2.4.1.1 Nest Planting 91 2.4.2 Graduated-Density Thinning (GDT) 94 2.4.3 Variable-Density Thinning (VDT) 98 2.5 Keeping it Going: The Maintenance of CCF 101 2.6 Biological Automation and Rationalisation 101 3 Individual-Based Forest Management 108 3.1 Introduction 108 3.2 Definition and Terms of Individual-Based Forest Management 109 3.3 History of Individual-Based Forest Management 112 3.4 How and When Frame Trees Are Selected 114 3.5 How Frame Trees Are Managed 122 3.6 Individual-Based Forest Management for Restructuring and Transforming Forests 129 4 Forest Structure – The Key to CCF 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Crown Classes 138 4.3 Mixing Species – But How and When? 141 4.4 Non-spatial Measures of Forest Structure 149 4.4.1 Species Diversity 150 4.4.1.1 Species Richness and Abundance 150 4.4.1.2 Shannon and Simpson Indices 152 4.4.1.3 Species Profile Index 156 4.4.2 Size Diversity 157 4.4.2.1 Size Diversity Based on Tree Stem Diameters 157 4.4.2.2 Size Diversity Based on Tree Heights 172 5 Interacting with Forest Structure 179 5.1 Introduction 179 5.2 Thinnings 181 5.2.1 Thinning Regimes 185 5.2.2 Thinning Type 187 5.2.3 Thinning Intensity 193 5.2.4 Thinning Cycle 196 5.3 Regenerating Forest Stands with Silvicultural Systems 198 5.3.1 Uniform Shelterwood System 205 5.3.1.1 Method 205 5.3.1.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 207 5.3.1.3 Advantages 208 5.3.1.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 208 5.3.1.5 Variants 209 5.3.2 Group System 210 5.3.2.1 Method 210 5.3.2.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 214 5.3.2.3 Advantages 215 5.3.2.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 215 5.3.2.5 Variants 215 5.3.3 Strip System 218 5.3.3.1 Method 218 5.3.3.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 219 5.3.3.3 Advantages 220 5.3.3.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 220 5.3.3.5 Variants 220 5.3.4 Combined Silvicultural Systems 222 5.3.4.1 Combining Natural and Artificial Regeneration 222 5.3.4.2 Progressive Silvicultural Systems 223 5.3.4.3 Group-Uniform Shelterwood System 223 5.3.4.4 Group-Strip Shelterwood System 223 5.3.5 Regeneration Methods by Species 224 5.3.6 Operational Aspects of Silvicultural Systems 224 5.3.7 Wind, Fire and Herbivores 227 5.3.7.1 Wind 227 5.3.7.2 Fire 229 5.3.7.3 Herbivores 232 5.4 Selection System 232 5.4.1 Method 233 5.4.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 237 5.4.3 Advantages 238 5.4.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 239 5.4.5 Variants 239 5.5 Continuous Two-Storeyed High Forest 240 5.5.1 Method 240 5.5.2 Ecological and Silvicultural Implications 240 5.5.3 Advantages 241 5.5.4 Disadvantages/Challenges 241 6 Demographic Equilibrium and Guidance Modelling 242 6.1 Introduction 242 6.2 History 243 6.3 Static Equilibrium Models 249 6.3.1 Model Theory 249 6.3.1.1 BDq Approach 251 6.3.2 Determining q 253 6.3.2.1 Pretzsch q Factor Model 254 6.3.2.2 Poznański-Rutkowska q Factor Model 256 6.3.2.3 Susmel’s q Factor Model 259 6.3.2.4 Sterba Criterion 263 6.4 Dynamic Equilibrium Models 263 6.4.1 Model Theory 263 6.4.2 Ultimate Equilibrium Conditions 265 6.4.3 Modelling Growth, Mortality and n min 266 6.4.3.1 Modelling Growth 267 6.4.3.2 Modelling Mortality 270 6.4.3.3 Modelling n min 271 6.4.4 Example Application of the Schütz Model 272 6.5 Quantifying Deviations 277 6.5.1 Mean Quadratic Difference 278 6.5.2 Modified Absolute Discrepancy 278 6.5.3 Homogeneity Index 278 6.5.4 Application to Artist’s Wood 279 6.6 Critique and Concluding Remarks 279 6.6.1 q Factor Model 280 6.6.2 Schütz Model 281 6.6.3 Marking Guides 282 6.6.4 Adjustment of Allowable Cut 283 6.6.5 Species Representation 285 6.6.6 Identifying Model Parameters 286 6.6.7 Silvicultural Monitoring 286 6.6.8 Software 287 7 Putting it All Together: Implementing CCF for Different Management Purposes 289 7.1 Introduction 289 7.2 Forest Development Types 292 7.3 Specialised CCF Management 300 7.3.1 Timber Production 302 7.3.1.1 Requirements 302 7.3.1.2 Management Strategies 302 7.3.2 Climate-Change Mitigation 305 7.3.2.1 Requirements 305 7.3.2.2 Management Strategies 306 7.3.3 Biodiversity and Conservation 310 7.3.3.1 Requirements 310 7.3.3.2 Management Strategies 311 7.3.3.3 Forest Margins 312 7.3.3.4 Streamside Forest Buffers 317 7.3.4 Water Catchment Management 319 7.3.4.1 Requirements 320 7.3.4.2 Management Strategies 320 7.3.5 Urban and Recreation Forestry 321 7.3.5.1 Requirements 321 7.3.5.2 Management Strategies 322 7.3.6 Sustainable Energy Wood Production 324 7.3.6.1 Requirements 324 7.3.6.2 Management Strategies 326 7.3.7 Forest Cemeteries 326 7.3.7.1 Requirements 327 7.3.7.2 Management Strategies 327 7.3.8 Protection Forests 329 8 Training for CCF 332 8.1 Introduction 332 8.2 Training Requirements 334 8.3 Marteloscopes 336 8.3.1 Origins 337 8.3.2 Plot Design 338 8.3.3 Marking Sheet 340 8.3.4 Marking Exercise 341 8.3.5 Analysis and Feedback 343 8.3.6 Reference Marking 344 8.3.7 Analysis Methods and Strategies 345 8.3.8 Important Results so Far 348 8.3.9 Virtual Marteloscopes 351 8.3.10 Limitations of Marteloscope Training 352 Appendix A Overview of the Most Common Principles of CCF 354 Appendix B Light Demand of Tree Species 356 References 358 Index 387

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction ix Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xviii Chapter 1 The Leadership Challenge 1 Chapter 2 The Case for Safety 13 Chapter 3 The Practice of Leadership 23 Chapter 4 Moments of High Influence 35 Chapter 5 Managing by Walking Around 43 Chapter 6 Following All the Rules … All the Time 55 Chapter 7 Recognizing Hazards and Managing Risk 67 Chapter 8 Behavior, Consequences—and Attitude! 87 Chapter 9 The Power of Questions 107 Chapter 10 Making Change Happen 117 Chapter 11 Understanding What Went Wrong 127 Chapter 12 Managing Accountability 141 Chapter 13 Managing Safety Suggestions 153 Chapter 14 Safety Meetings Worth Having 161 Chapter 15 Creating the Culture You Want 171 Chapter 16 Investing in Training 187 Chapter 17 Measuring Safety Performance 203 Chapter 18 Managing Safety Dilemmas 227 Chapter 19 Leading From the Middle 247 Chapter 20 Mistakes Managers Make 261 Chapter 21 Driving Execution 275 Chapter 22 Making a Difference 289 References 297 Index 299

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xv 1 Introduction to Innovation Project Management 1 Introduction 1 Definitions for Innovation 2 The Business Need 4 Innovation Literature 6 Project Management Literature 7 Innovation Benchmarking 8 Value: The Missing Link 10 Innovation Targeting 12 Timeline for Innovation Targeting 13 Innovation in Small Companies 14 Seven Critical Dimensions for Scaling Project Management Innovation 14 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 16 2 Types of Innovation 19 Introduction 19 Continuous Versus Discontinuous Innovation 20 Incremental Versus Radical Innovation 21 Understanding Innovation Differences 22 Incremental Innovation Versus New Product Development 23 Product Development Innovation Categories 23 Closed and Open Innovation 25 Crowdsourcing 27 Co-Creation Innovation 29 Open Innovation in Action: Airbus and Co-creation Partnerships 35 Value (Or Value-Driven) Innovation 37 Agile Innovation 38 Agile Innovation in Action: Deloitte 40 Government Innovation 47 Financial Innovation 50 Healthcare Innovation 51 Brand Innovation 53 Sustainable Innovation 53 Humanitarian/Social Innovation 54 Social Innovation in Action: Hitachi 55 educational Innovation 57 Manufacturing Innovation 58 A Case Study 60 Nontechnical Innovation in Action 60 Other Categories of Innovation 62 Role of the Board of Directors 66 Finding an Innovation Project Sponsor 66 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 67 3 Innovation and Strategic Planning 69 Introduction 69 Role of the Innovation Project Manager in Strategic Planning 70 Role of the Portfolio PMO 70 Business Impact Analysis 71 Innovation Maturity Models 71 Types of Strategies 73 Role of Innovation in Strategic Planning 74 Role of Marketing in Strategic Innovation Planning 75 Product Portfolio Analysis 76 Identifying Core Competencies Using SWOT Analysis 82 Innovation Project Management Competency Models in Action: eli Lilly 84 Marketing’s Involvement with Innovation Project Managers 95 Product Life Cycles 97 Classification of R&D Projects 97 Research Versus Development 98 The Research and Development Ratio 99 Offensive Versus Defensive Innovation 100 Modeling the R&D Planning Function 101 Priority Setting 105 Contract R&D 107 Nondisclosure Agreements, Secrecy Agreements, and Confidentiality Agreements 108 Government Influence 108 Sources for Innovation Technology 109 Sources of Ideas 110 The Project Manager’s Role in Developing Innovation Skills and Ideas in People 112 establishing a Project Selection Criteria 114 Project Selection Issues 115 economic evaluation of Projects 116 Role of the Project Manager in Project Selection 119 Project Selection and Politics 124 Project Readjustments 126 Project Termination 127 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 127 4 Innovation Tools and Processes 129 Introduction 129 New Product Development 130 The Fuzzy Front end 131 Prioritizing Product Features 133 Line of Sight 134 Misalignment Issues 135 Risk Management 137 The Innovation Culture 140 Innovation Functional Units 145 Innovative Cultures and Corporate Leadership 145 Idea Generation 146 Spinoff Innovations 147 Understanding Reward Systems 148 Innovation Leadership in Action: Medtronic 149 IPM Skills Needed 152 Design Thinking 155 Brainstorming 157 Whiteboarding 163 Mind Maps 163 Active Listening 165 Pitching the Innovation 167 Cognitive Biases 167 Prototypes 168 Creativity and Innovation Fears 170 Innovation Governance 170 Corporate Innovation Governance Risks 171 Transformational Governance 174 Balanced Scorecard 175 Strategy Maps 176 Innovation Portfolio Management 177 Innovation Sponsorship 179 The Innovation Team 180 Virtual Versus Co-Located Innovation Teams 181 Artificial Intelligence and IPM 182 The Need for PM 2.0 and PM 3.0 184 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 187 5 From Traditional to Innovation Project Management Thinking 191 Introduction 191 Information Warehouses 193 Innovation Planning Overview 197 Innovation Methodologies 200 Methodology Gates 202 Innovation Assumptions 202 Validating the Objectives 204 Differing Views of the Project 206 Life-Cycle Phases 206 Life-Cycle Costing 210 Work Breakdown Structure 211 Budgeting 212 Scheduling 212 Scope Change Control 213 Technology Readiness Levels 214 Lean Project Management: Kanban 216 Communication 217 enabling Innovation Success in Solution Design and Delivery in Healthcare Business 218 Innovation in Action: Dubai Customs and the Accelerated exploratory Lab 229 Innovation in Action: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany 234 Innovation in Action: Repsol 237 Staffing Innovation Projects 241 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 243 6 Innovation Management Software 245 Introduction 245 Origin and Benefits of Innovation Software 246 Software Innovation in Action: IdeaScale 248 Software Innovation in Action: Hype Innovation 251 Software and Open Innovation 260 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 261 7 Value-based Innovation Project Management Metrics 263 Introduction 263 Value Over the Years 265 Value and Leadership 266 Combining Benefits and Value 268 Recognizing the Need for Value Metrics 269 The Need for effective Measurement Techniques 271 Measuring Intangible Assets 276 Customer / Stakeholder Impact on Value Metrics 278 Customer Value Management Programs 279 The Relationship between Project Management and Value 282 Creating an Innovation Project Management Baseline 284 Selecting the Right Metrics 286 The Failure of Traditional Metrics and KPIs 288 The Need for Value Metrics 288 Creating Value Metrics 289 Industry examples of Innovation Value Metrics 295 Alignment to Strategic Business Objectives 296 Metrics for Innovation Governance 298 Innovation Metrics in Action: InnovationLabs 299 The Dark Side of Innovation Metrics 309 establishing a Metrics Management Program 310 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 312 8 Business Models 315 Introduction 315 From Project Manager to Designer 317 Business Models and Value 318 Business Model Characteristics 318 Strategic Partnerships 319 Business Intelligence 319 Skills for the Business Model Innovator 320 Business Model enhancements 322 Types of Business Models 324 Business Models and Strategic Alliances 326 Identifying Business Model Threats 327 Business Model Failure 328 Business Models and Lawsuits 328 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 330 9 Disruptive Innovation 333 Introduction 333 early Understanding of Disruption 334 Innovation and the Business Model Disruption 335 Categories of Disruptive Innovations 337 The Dark Side of Disruptive Innovation 338 Using Integrated Product/Project Teams 339 Disruptive Innovation in Action 341 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 342 10 Innovation Roadblocks 345 Introduction 345 The Failure of Success 346 One Size Fits All 346 Insufficient Line of Sight 346 Failing to Search for Ideas 347 Sense of Urgency 347 Working with Prima Donnas 347 Lack of Collaboration 348 Politics 348 Project Workloads 348 Intellectual Property Rights 348 Not Understanding the Relationship between Creativity and Innovation 349 Too Many Assumptions 350 Innovation Funding 350 Cash Flow and Financial Uncertainty 350 Control, Control, and Control 350 Analysis–Paralysis 351 Innovation in Action: Naviair 351 Innovation in Action: Overcoming the Roadblocks 363 11 Defining Innovation Success and Failure 367 Introduction 367 The Business Side of Traditional Project Success 368 Defining Project Success: The early Years 370 Redefining Project Success: Approaching the Twenty-First Century 371 Degrees of Success and Failure 372 Defining Success at the Beginning of the Project 374 The Role of Marketing in Defining Innovation Success 374 The Business Side of Innovation Success 377 Prioritization of the Success Factors 379 Innovation Project Success and Core Competencies 380 Innovation Project Success and Business Models 381 Causes of Innovation Project Failure 381 Identifying the Success and Failure Criteria 384 Post-Failure Success Analysis 385 Sensemaking 386 The Need for New Metrics 387 Learning from Failure 387 The Failure of Success 388 Conclusion 390 Implications and Issues for Project Managers and Innovation Personnel 390 12 Innovation in Action 393 Introduction 393 Innovation in Action: Apple 393 Innovation in Action: Facebook 395 Innovation in Action: IBM 396 Innovation in Action: Texas Instruments 399 Innovation in Action: 3M 401 Innovation in Action: Motorola 403 Innovation Project Management: The Case of KAUST Smart 404 Key Characteristic of KAUST Smart Projects (What makes KAUST Smart Projects Unique) 405 Recent and Ongoing Project examples 408 Innovation in Action: Samsung 410 Agile Innovation in Action: Integrated Computer Solutions, Inc 411 Innovation in Action: COMAU 418 Innovation in Action: Tokio Marine and Nichido Systems 425 Innovation in Action: GeA 427 Innovation Management at GeA – The Strategic Parts 432 Innovation in Action: Wärtsilä energy Solutions 435 Critical Issues 437 13 Case Studies 439 Disney (A): Innovation Project Management Skills at Disney 439 Disney (B): Creating Innovation: Disney’s Haunted Mansion 449 Disney (C): Impact Of Culture On Global Innovation Opportunities 464 Disney (D): The Partnership Side Of Global Business Model Innovation 482 Case Study: Boeing 787 Dreamliner: Managing Innovation Risks with a New Business Model 494 Case Study: The Sydney Australia Opera House 501 Case Study: Ampore Faucet Company: Managing Different Views on Innovation 508 Case Study: The Innovation Sponsors 510 Case Study: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of Iridium: When an Innovation Business Model Fails 512 Case Study: Zane Corporation: Selecting an Innovation Framework 540 Case Study: Redstone Inc.: Understanding Innovation Cultures 544 Case Study: The Government Think Tank: The Failure of Crowdsourcing 546 Case Study: Lego: Brand Management Innovation 548 Index 565

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Book SynopsisTHE PROJECT MANAGER'S GUIDE TO MASTERING AGILE Updated guide to Agile methodologies, with real-world case studies and valuable frameworks for project managers moving to Agile The Project Manager's Guide to Mastering Agile helps project managers who are faced with the challenge of adapting their project management approach to an Agile environment, showing how these approaches can work jointly to improve project outcomes in any project, with discussion topics and real-world case studies that facilitate hands-on learning. It also provides project managers with the fundamental knowledge to take a leadership role in working with companies to develop a well-integrated, enterprise-level Agile Project Management approach to fit their business. The original edition of this book has been very successful and is used as a graduate-level textbook in several universities. This new edition builds on the success of the original edition and includes updated contenTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to Agile Project Management The Chasm in Project Management Philosophies The Impact on the Project Management Profession The Evolution of Agile and Waterfall The Evolution of the Project Management Profession Agile Project Management Benefits Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Part 1: Fundamentals of Agile Chapter 2: Agile History and the Agile Manifesto Agile Early History Agile Manifesto (2001) Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 3: Scrum Overview Scrum Roles Scrum Framework General Scrum/Agile Principles Scrum Values Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 4: Agile Planning, Requirements, and Product Backlog Agile Planning Practices Agile Requirements Practices User Personas and Stories Product Backlog Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Part 2: Agile Project Management Chapter 5: Agile Development, Quality, and Testing Practices Agile Software Development Practices Agile Quality Management Practices Agile Testing Practices Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 6: Time-Boxing, Kanban, and Theory of Constraints The Importance of Flow Time-Boxing Kanban Process Theory of Constraints Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 7: Agile Estimation Agile Estimation Overview Agile Estimation Practices Velocity and burn-down/burn-up charts Summary of key points Discussion topics Chapter 8: Agile Project Management Role Agile Project Management Shifts in Thinking Potential Agile Project Management Roles Agile, PMI®, and PMBOK® Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 9: Agile Communications and Tools Agile Communications Practices Agile Project Management Tools Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 10: Learning to See the Big Picture Systems Thinking Complex Adaptive Systems Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 11: The Roots of Agile Influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) Influence of Lean Manufacturing Principles of Product Development Flow Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Part 3: Agile Project Management Planning and Management Chapter 12: Hybrid Agile Models What is a Hybrid Agile Model and Why Would You Use It? What Are the Benefits of a Hybrid Agile Model? What Is Different About a Hybrid Agile Model? Choosing the Right Approach Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 13: Value-driven Delivery Value-driven Delivery Overview Principles of Value-driven Delivery Customer-value Prioritization Overview Value-driven Delivery Tools Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 14: Adaptive Planning What is Adaptive Planning? Rolling Wave Planning Progressive Elaboration and Multi-level Planning Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 15: Agile Planning Practices and Tools Product/Project Vision Product Roadmaps Exploratory 360 Assessment Agile Functional Decomposition Agile Project Charter Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 16: Agile Stakeholder Management and Agile Contracts Why Is Stakeholder Management Important? What Is a Stakeholder? Stakeholder Management Process What's Different About Agile Stakeholder Management? Agile Contracts Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 17: Distributed Project Management in Agile What Is Distributed Project Management? Distributed Project Management Roles Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Part 4: Making Agile Work for a Business Chapter 18: Scaling Agile to an Enterprise Level Enterprise-Level Agile Challenges Enterprise-Level Obstacles to Overcome Enterprise-Level Implementation Considerations Enterprise-Level Management Practices Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 19: Scaling Agile for Multiple Team Projects Scrum of Scrums Approach Large Scale Scrum (LeSS) Nexus Scrum at Scale Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 20: Adapting an Agile Approach to Fit a Business The Impact of Different Business Environments on Agile Typical Levels of Management Corporate Culture and Values Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 21: Enterprise-Level Agile Transformations Planning an Agile Transformation Adaptive Project Governance Model Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Part 5: Enterprise-Level Agile Frameworks Chapter 22: Scaled Agile Framework SAFe Competency Areas SAFe Core Values Lean Agile Mindset SAFe Lean Agile Principles SAFe Artifacts and Supporting Capabilities Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 23: Disciplined Agile Delivery DA Full Delivery Lifecycles DA Roles DA Mindset DA Tool Kit Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 24: Managed Agile Development Framework Managed Agile Development Overview Objectives of Managed Agile Development Framework Description Roles and Responsibilities Summary of Key Points Discussion Topics Chapter 25: Summary of Enterprise-Level Frameworks High-level Comparison How These Frameworks Have Evolved Part 6: Case Studies Chapter 26: “Not-So-Successful” Case Studies Company A Company B Company C Chapter 27: Case Study—Valpak Background Overview Challenges Key Success Factors Results and Conclusions Lessons Learned Chapter 28: Case Study—Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Background Overview Project management approach Challenges Key Success Factors Conclusions Lessons Learned Chapter 29: Case Study—General Dynamics UK Limited. Background Overview Project Management Approach Challenges Key Success Factors Conclusions Lessons Learned Chapter 30: Agile Hardware Development Agile Hardware Development Overview How It’s Done at Tesla Overall Summary Chapter 31: Non-Software Case Studies Agile Home Remodeling Agile Book Publishing Chapter 32: Overall Summary Evolution of the Project Management Profession What To Do Differently General Recommendations Appendices Appendix A: Additional Reading Appendix B: Glossary of Terms Appendix C: Example Project/Program Charter Template Appendix D: Suggested Course Outline Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction xxi Assessment Testxxxii Chapter 1 Framing ML Problems 1 Translating Business Use Cases 3 Machine Learning Approaches 5 Supervised, Unsupervised, and Semi- supervised Learning 5 Classification, Regression, Forecasting, and Clustering 7 ML Success Metrics 8 Regression 12 Responsible AI Practices 13 Summary 14 Exam Essentials 14 Review Questions 15 Chapter 2 Exploring Data and Building Data Pipelines 19 Visualization 20 Box Plot 20 Line Plot 21 Bar Plot 21 Scatterplot 22 Statistics Fundamentals 22 Mean 22 Median 22 Mode 23 Outlier Detection 23 Standard Deviation 23 Correlation 24 Data Quality and Reliability 24 Data Skew 25 Data Cleaning 25 Scaling 25 Log Scaling 26 Z-score 26 Clipping 26 Handling Outliers 26 Establishing Data Constraints 27 Exploration and Validation at Big- Data Scale 27 Running TFDV on Google Cloud Platform 28 Organizing and Optimizing Training Datasets 29 Imbalanced Data 29 Data Splitting 31 Data Splitting Strategy for Online Systems 31 Handling Missing Data 32 Data Leakage 33 Summary 34 Exam Essentials 34 Review Questions 36 Chapter 3 Feature Engineering 39 Consistent Data Preprocessing 40 Encoding Structured Data Types 41 Mapping Numeric Values 42 Mapping Categorical Values 42 Feature Selection 44 Class Imbalance 44 Classification Threshold with Precision and Recall 45 Area under the Curve (AUC) 46 Feature Crosses 46 TensorFlow Transform 49 TensorFlow Data API (tf.data) 49 TensorFlow Transform 49 GCP Data and ETL Tools 51 Summary 51 Exam Essentials 52 Review Questions 53 Chapter 4 Choosing the Right ML Infrastructure 57 Pretrained vs. AutoML vs. Custom Models 58 Pretrained Models 60 Vision AI 61 Video AI 62 Natural Language AI 62 Translation AI 63 Speech- to- Text 63 Text- to- Speech 64 AutoML 64 AutoML for Tables or Structured Data 64 AutoML for Images and Video 66 AutoML for Text 67 Recommendations AI/Retail AI 68 Document AI 69 Dialogflow and Contact Center AI 69 Custom Training 70 How a CPU Works 71 GPU 71 TPU 72 Provisioning for Predictions 74 Scaling Behavior 75 Finding the Ideal Machine Type 75 Edge TPU 76 Deploy to Android or iOS Device 76 Summary 77 Exam Essentials 77 Review Questions 78 Chapter 5 Architecting ML Solutions 83 Designing Reliable, Scalable, and Highly Available ml Solutions 84 Choosing an Appropriate ML Service 86 Data Collection and Data Management 87 Google Cloud Storage (GCS) 88 BigQuery 88 Vertex AI Managed Datasets 89 Vertex AI Feature Store 89 NoSQL Data Store 90 Automation and Orchestration 91 Use Vertex AI Pipelines to Orchestrate the ML Workflow 92 Use Kubeflow Pipelines for Flexible Pipeline Construction 92 Use TensorFlow Extended SDK to Leverage Pre-built Components for Common Steps 93 When to Use Which Pipeline 93 Serving 94 Offline or Batch Prediction 94 Online Prediction 95 Summary 97 Exam Essentials 97 Review Questions 98 Chapter 6 Building Secure ML Pipelines 103 Building Secure ML Systems 104 Encryption at Rest 104 Encryption in Transit 105 Encryption in Use 105 Identity and Access Management 105 IAM Permissions for Vertex AI Workbench 106 Securing a Network with Vertex AI 109 Privacy Implications of Data Usage and Collection 113 Google Cloud Data Loss Prevention 114 Google Cloud Healthcare API for PHI Identification 115 Best Practices for Removing Sensitive Data 116 Summary 117 Exam Essentials 118 Review Questions 119 Chapter 7 Model Building 121 Choice of Framework and Model Parallelism 122 Data Parallelism 122 Model Parallelism 123 Modeling Techniques 125 Artificial Neural Network 126 Deep Neural Network (DNN) 126 Convolutional Neural Network 126 Recurrent Neural Network 127 What Loss Function to Use 127 Gradient Descent 128 Learning Rate 129 Batch 129 Batch Size 129 Epoch 129 Hyperparameters 129 Transfer Learning 130 Semi-supervised Learning 131 When You Need Semi-supervised Learning 131 Limitations of SSL 131 Data Augmentation 132 Offline Augmentation 132 Online Augmentation 132 Model Generalization and Strategies to Handle Overfitting and Underfitting 133 Bias Variance Trade- Off 133 Underfitting 133 Overfitting 134 Regularization 134 Summary 136 Exam Essentials 137 Review Questions 138 Chapter 8 Model Training and Hyperparameter Tuning 143 Ingestion of Various File Types into Training 145 Collect 146 Process 147 Store and Analyze 150 Developing Models in Vertex AI Workbench by Using Common Frameworks 151 Creating a Managed Notebook 153 Exploring Managed JupyterLab Features 154 Data Integration 155 BigQuery Integration 155 Ability to Scale the Compute Up or Down 156 Git Integration for Team Collaboration 156 Schedule or Execute a Notebook Code 158 Creating a User-Managed Notebook 159 Training a Model as a Job in Different Environments 161 Training Workflow with Vertex AI 162 Training Dataset Options in Vertex AI 163 Pre-built Containers 163 Custom Containers 166 Distributed Training 168 Hyperparameter Tuning 169 Why Hyperparameters Are Important 170 Techniques to Speed Up Hyperparameter Optimization 171 How Vertex AI Hyperparameter Tuning Works 171 Vertex AI Vizier 174 Tracking Metrics During Training 175 Interactive Shell 175 TensorFlow Profiler 177 What-If Tool 177 Retraining/Redeployment Evaluation 178 Data Drift 178 Concept Drift 178 When Should a Model Be Retrained? 178 Unit Testing for Model Training and Serving 179 Testing for Updates in API Calls 180 Testing for Algorithmic Correctness 180 Summary 180 Exam Essentials 181 Review Questions 182 Chapter 9 Model Explainability on Vertex AI 187 Model Explainability on Vertex AI 188 Explainable AI 188 Interpretability and Explainability 189 Feature Importance 189 Vertex Explainable AI 189 Data Bias and Fairness 193 ML Solution Readiness 194 How to Set Up Explanations in the Vertex AI 195 Summary 196 Exam Essentials 196 Review Questions 197 Chapter 10 Scaling Models in Production 199 Scaling Prediction Service 200 TensorFlow Serving 201 Serving (Online, Batch, and Caching) 203 Real- Time Static and Dynamic Reference Features 203 Pre-computing and Caching Prediction 206 Google Cloud Serving Options 207 Online Predictions 207 Batch Predictions 212 Hosting Third- Party Pipelines (MLFlow) on Google Cloud 213 Testing for Target Performance 214 Configuring Triggers and Pipeline Schedules 215 Summary 216 Exam Essentials 217 Review Questions 218 Chapter 11 Designing ML Training Pipelines 221 Orchestration Frameworks 223 Kubeflow Pipelines 224 Vertex AI Pipelines 225 Apache Airflow 228 Cloud Composer 229 Comparison of Tools 229 Identification of Components, Parameters, Triggers, and Compute Needs 230 Schedule the Workflows with Kubeflow Pipelines 230 Schedule Vertex AI Pipelines 232 System Design with Kubeflow/TFX 232 System Design with Kubeflow DSL 232 System Design with TFX 234 Hybrid or Multicloud Strategies 235 Summary 236 Exam Essentials 237 Review Questions 238 Chapter 12 Model Monitoring, Tracking, and Auditing Metadata 241 Model Monitoring 242 Concept Drift 242 Data Drift 243 Model Monitoring on Vertex AI 243 Drift and Skew Calculation 244 Input Schemas 245 Logging Strategy 247 Types of Prediction Logs 247 Log Settings 248 Model Monitoring and Logging 248 Model and Dataset Lineage 249 Vertex ML Metadata 249 Vertex AI Experiments 252 Vertex AI Debugging 253 Summary 253 Exam Essentials 254 Review Questions 255 Chapter 13 Maintaining ML Solutions 259 MLOps Maturity 260 MLOps Level 0: Manual/Tactical Phase 261 MLOps Level 1: Strategic Automation Phase 263 MLOps Level 2: CI/CD Automation, Transformational Phase 264 Retraining and Versioning Models 266 Triggers for Retraining 267 Versioning Models 267 Feature Store 268 Solution 268 Data Model 269 Ingestion and Serving 269 Vertex AI Permissions Model 270 Custom Service Account 270 Access Transparency in Vertex AI 271 Common Training and Serving Errors 271 Training Time Errors 271 Serving Time Errors 271 TensorFlow Data Validation 272 Vertex AI Debugging Shell 272 Summary 272 Exam Essentials 273 Review Questions 274 Chapter 14 BigQuery ML 279 BigQuery – Data Access 280 BigQuery ML Algorithms 282 Model Training 282 Model Evaluation 284 Prediction 285 Explainability in BigQuery ML 286 BigQuery ML vs. Vertex AI Tables 289 Interoperability with Vertex AI 289 Access BigQuery Public Dataset 289 Import BigQuery Data into Vertex AI 290 Access BigQuery Data from Vertex AI Workbench Notebooks 290 Analyze Test Prediction Data in BigQuery 290 Export Vertex AI Batch Prediction Results 290 Export BigQuery Models into Vertex AI 291 BigQuery Design Patterns 291 Hashed Feature 291 Transforms 291 Summary 292 Exam Essentials 293 Review Questions 294 Appendix Answers to Review Questions 299 Chapter 1: Framing ML Problems 300 Chapter 2: Exploring Data and Building Data Pipelines 301 Chapter 3: Feature Engineering 302 Chapter 4: Choosing the Right ML Infrastructure 302 Chapter 5: Architecting ML Solutions 304 Chapter 6: Building Secure ML Pipelines 305 Chapter 7: Model Building 306 Chapter 8: Model Training and Hyperparameter Tuning 307 Chapter 9: Model Explainability on Vertex AI 308 Chapter 10: Scaling Models in Production 308 Chapter 11: Designing ML Training Pipelines 309 Chapter 12: Model Monitoring, Tracking, and Auditing Metadata 310 Chapter 13: Maintaining ML Solutions 311 Chapter 14: BigQuery ML 313 Index 315

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Book SynopsisThis book provides basic and applied principles of transformer and inductor design for power electronic applications. It includes both fundamental and advanced topics, and offers design guidelines and application examples. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the area, with illustrations and photos of existing examples.Trade Review“I recommend for serious power-electronics engineers, to obtain a copy of this excellent book, if for no other reason than to be current on planar and integrated magnetics, to have the winding proximity- and skin-effect loss theory worked out in one place for design, and on the advantageous incorporation of variable inductance in circuit design.” (How2Power.com, October 2014)Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii Acknowledgements xv Foreword xvii Preface xix Nomenclature xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Context 1 1.2 The Laws of Electromagnetism 4 1.2.1 Ampere’s Magnetic Circuit Law 4 1.2.2 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction 5 1.3 Ferromagnetic Materials 7 1.4 Losses in Magnetic Components 10 1.4.1 Copper Loss 10 1.4.2 Hysteresis Loss 11 1.4.3 Eddy Current Loss 13 1.4.4 Steinmetz Equation for Core Loss 14 1.5 Magnetic Permeability 14 1.6 Magnetic Materials for Power Electronics 16 1.6.1 Soft Magnetic Materials 17 1.6.2 The Properties of some Magnetic Materials 19 1.7 Problems 21 References 21 Further Reading 21 SECTION I INDUCTORS 23 Chapter 2 Inductance 25 2.1 Magnetic Circuits 25 2.2 Self and Mutual Inductance 30 2.3 Energy Stored in the Magnetic Field of an Inductor 34 2.3.1 Why Use a Core? 35 2.3.2 Distributed Gap 38 2.4 Self and Mutual Inductance of Circular Coils 39 2.4.1 Circular Filaments 39 2.4.2 Circular Coils 40 2.5 Fringing Effects around the Air Gap 48 2.6 Problems 51 References 53 Further Reading 54 Chapter 3 Inductor Design 55 3.1 The Design Equations 55 3.1.1 Inductance 55 3.1.2 Maximum Flux Density 55 3.1.3 Winding Loss 56 3.1.4 Optimum Effective Permeability 57 3.1.5 Core Loss 58 3.1.6 The Thermal Equation 58 3.1.7 Current Density in the Windings 59 3.1.8 Dimensional Analysis 61 3.2 The Design Methodology 61 3.3 Design Examples 64 3.3.1 Example 3.1: Buck Converter with a Gapped Core 64 3.3.2 Example 3.2: Forward Converter with a Toroidal Core 69 3.4 Multiple Windings 74 3.4.1 Example 3.3: Flyback Converter 75 3.5 Problems 84 References 89 Further Reading 89 SECTION II TRANSFORMERS 93 Chapter 4 Transformers 95 4.1 Ideal Transformer 96 4.1.1 No Load Conditions 97 4.1.2 Load Conditions 98 4.1.3 Dot Convention 99 4.1.4 Reflected Impedance 100 4.1.5 Summary 101 4.2 Practical Transformer 102 4.2.1 Magnetizing Current and Core Loss 102 4.2.2 Winding Resistance 105 4.2.3 Magnetic Leakage 105 4.2.4 Equivalent Circuit 107 4.3 General Transformer Equations 109 4.3.1 The Voltage Equation 109 4.3.2 The Power Equation 112 4.3.3 Winding Loss 113 4.3.4 Core Loss 114 4.3.5 Optimization 114 4.4 Power Factor 116 4.5 Problems 121 References 122 Further Reading 122 Chapter 5 Transformer Design 123 5.1 The Design Equations 124 5.1.1 Current Density in the Windings 124 5.1.2 Optimum Flux Density unlimited by Saturation 125 5.1.3 Optimum Flux Density limited by Saturation 126 5.2 The Design Methodology 128 5.3 Design Examples 129 5.3.1 Example 5.1: Centre-Tapped Rectifier Transformer 129 5.3.2 Example 5.2: Forward Converter 134 5.3.3 Example 5.3: Push-Pull Converter 140 5.4 Transformer Insulation 146 5.4.1 Insulation Principles 147 5.4.2 Practical Implementation 147 5.5 Problems 148 Further Reading 155 Chapter 6 High Frequency Effects in the Windings 159 6.1 Skin Effect Factor 160 6.2 Proximity Effect Factor 163 6.2.1 AC Resistance in a Cylindrical Conductor 165 6.3 Proximity Effect Factor for an Arbitrary Waveform 171 6.3.1 The Optimum Thickness 174 6.4 Reducing Proximity Effects by Interleaving the Windings 182 6.5 Leakage Inductance in Transformer Windings 184 6.6 Problems 187 References 193 Further Reading 193 Chapter 7 High Frequency Effects in the Core 197 7.1 Eddy Current Loss in Toroidal Cores 197 7.1.1 Numerical Approximations 200 7.1.2 Equivalent Core Inductance 201 7.1.3 Equivalent Core Resistance 202 7.2 Core Loss 204 7.3 Complex Permeability 209 7.4 Laminations 212 7.5 Problems 214 References 216 Further Reading 216 SECTION III ADVANCED TOPICS 219 Chapter 8 Measurements 221 8.1 Measurement of Inductance 221 8.1.1 Step Voltage Method 222 8.1.2 Incremental Impedance Method 223 8.2 Measurement of the B-H Loop 225 8.3 Measurement of Losses in a Transformer 227 8.3.1 Short-Circuit Test (Winding/Copper Loss) 228 8.3.2 Open-Circuit Test (Core/ Iron Loss) 229 8.3.3 Core Loss at High Frequencies 232 8.3.4 Leakage Impedance at High Frequencies 235 8.4 Capacitance in Transformer Windings 237 8.4.1 Transformer Effective Capacitance 238 8.4.2 Admittance in the Transformer Model 239 8.5 Problems 244 References 245 Further Reading 245 Chapter 9 Planar Magnetics 247 9.1 Inductance Modelling 248 9.1.1 Spiral Coil in Air 249 9.1.2 Spiral Coil on a Ferromagnetic Substrate 253 9.1.3 Spiral Coil in a Sandwich Structure 261 9.2 Fabrication of Spiral Inductors 265 9.2.1 PCB Magnetics 265 9.2.2 Thick Film Devices 267 9.2.3 LTCC Magnetics 270 9.2.4 Thin Film Devices 271 9.2.5 Summary 274 9.3 Problems 275 References 298 Further Reading 299 Chapter 10 Variable Inductance 301 10.1 Saturated Core Inductor 303 10.2 Swinging Inductor 309 10.3 Sloped Air Gap Inductor 312 10.4 Applications 315 10.4.1 Power Factor Correction 315 10.4.2 Harmonic Control with Variable Inductance 317 10.4.3 Maximum Power Point Tracking 323 10.4.4 Voltage Regulation 329 10.5 Problems 331 References 335 Further Reading 335 Appendix A 337 Index 341

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Book SynopsisThis fully illustrated reference book gives an easy-to-understand introduction to compliant mechanisms, offering inspiration and guidance to those interested in using compliant mechanisms in their designs.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Acknowledgments xv Preface xvii Part One Introduction to Compliant Mechanisms 1 Introduction to Compliant Mechanisms 3 1.1 What are Compliant Mechanisms? 3 1.2 What are the Advantages of Compliant Mechanisms? 6 1.3 What Challenges do Compliant Mechanisms Introduce? 6 1.4 Why are Compliant Mechanisms Becoming More Common? 7 1.5 What are the Fundamental Concepts that Help Us Understand Compliance? 8 1.5.1 Stiffness and Strength are NOT the Same Thing 8 1.5.2 It is Possible for Something to be Flexible AND Strong 8 1.5.3 The Basics of Creating Flexibility 10 1.6 Conclusion 13 References 13 2 Using the Handbook to Design Devices 15 2.1 Handbook Outline 16 2.2 Considerations in Designing Compliant Mechanisms 16 2.3 Locating Ideas and Concepts in the Library 19 2.4 Modeling Compliant Mechanisms 20 2.5 Synthesizing Your Own Compliant Mechanisms 21 2.6 Summary of Design Approaches for Compliant Mechanisms 22 Further Reading 24 Part Two Modeling of Compliant Mechanisms 3 Analysis of Flexure Mechanisms in the Intermediate Displacement Range 29 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Modeling Geometric Nonlinearities in Beam Flexures 31 3.3 Beam Constraint Model 34 3.4 Case Study: Parallelogram Flexure Mechanism 38 3.5 Conclusions 41 Further Reading 42 4 Modeling of Large Deflection Members 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 Equations of Bending for Large Deflections 46 4.3 Solving the Nonlinear Equations of Bending 47 4.4 Examples 48 4.4.1 Fixed-Pinned Beam 48 4.4.2 Fixed-Guided Beam (Bistable Mechanism) 49 4.5 Conclusions 52 Further Reading 53 References 53 5 Using Pseudo-Rigid Body Models 55 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Pseudo-Rigid-Body Models for Planar Beams 57 5.3 Using Pseudo-Rigid-Body Models: A Switch Mechanism Case-Study 60 5.4 Conclusions 65 Acknowledgments 65 References 65 Appendix: Pseudo-Rigid-Body Examples (by Larry L. Howell) 66 A.1.1 Small-Length Flexural Pivot 66 A.1.2 Vertical Force at the Free End of a Cantilever Beam 67 A.1.3 Cantilever Beam with a Force at the Free End 67 A.1.4 Fixed-Guided Beam 69 A.1.5 Cantilever Beam with an Applied Moment at the Free End 70 A.1.6 Initially Curved Cantilever Beam 70 A.1.7 Pinned-Pinned Segments 71 A.1.8 Combined Force-Moment End Loading 73 A.1.9 Combined Force-Moment End Loads – 3R Model 74 A.1.10 Cross-Axis Flexural Pivot 74 A.1.11 Cartwheel Flexure 76 References 76 Part Three Synthesis of Compliant Mechanisms 6 Synthesis through Freedom and Constraint Topologies 79 6.1 Introduction 79 6.2 Fundamental Principles 82 6.2.1 Modeling Motions using Screw Theory 82 6.2.2 Modeling Constraints using Screw Theory 84 6.2.3 Comprehensive Library of Freedom and Constraint Spaces 86 6.2.4 Kinematic Equivalence 86 6.3 FACT Synthesis Process and Case Studies 87 6.3.1 Flexure-Based Ball Joint Probe 87 6.3.2 X-Y-ThetaZ Nanopositioner 88 6.4 Current and Future Extensions of FACT’s Capabilities 89 Acknowledgments 90 References 90 7 Synthesis through Topology Optimization 93 7.1 What is Topology Optimization? 93 7.2 Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms 95 7.3 Ground Structure Approach 98 7.4 Continuum Approach 100 7.4.1 SIMP Method 100 7.4.2 Homogenization Method 103 7.5 Discussion 104 7.6 Optimization Solution Algorithms 105 Acknowledgment 106 References 106 8 Synthesis through Rigid-Body Replacement 109 8.1 Definitions, Motivation, and Limitations 109 8.2 Procedures for Rigid-Body Replacement 111 8.2.1 Starting with a Rigid-Body Mechanism 111 8.2.2 Starting with a Desired Task 114 8.2.3 Starting with a Compliant Mechanism Concept 115 8.2.4 How DoWe Choose the Best Configurations Considering Loads, Strains, and Kinematics? 116 8.3 Simple Bicycle Derailleur Example 116 References 121 9 Synthesis through Use of Building Blocks 123 9.1 Introduction 123 9.2 General Building-Block Synthesis Approach 123 9.3 Fundamental Building Blocks 124 9.3.1 Compliant Dyad 124 9.3.2 Compliant 4-Bar 125 9.4 Elastokinematic Representations to Model Functional Behavior 125 9.4.1 Compliance Ellipses and Instant Centers 126 9.4.2 Compliance Ellipsoids 127 9.4.3 Eigentwist and Eigenwrench Characterization 130 9.5 Decomposition Methods and Design Examples 134 9.5.1 Single-Point Mechanisms 135 9.5.2 Multi-Port Mechanisms using Compliance Ellipsoids 139 9.5.3 Displacement Amplifying Mechanisms using Instant Centers 143 9.6 Conclusions 145 Further Reading 145 References 146 Part Four Library of Compliant Mechanisms 10 Library Organization 149 10.1 Introduction 149 10.1.1 Categorization 149 10.2 Library of Compliant Designs 151 10.3 Conclusion 153 References 153 11 Elements of Mechanisms 155 11.1 Flexible Elements 155 11.1.1 Beams 155 11.1.2 Revolute 161 11.1.3 Translate 179 11.1.4 Universal 181 11.2 Rigid-Link Joints 186 11.2.1 Revolute 186 11.2.2 Prismatic 187 11.2.3 Universal 188 11.2.4 Others 189 References 191 12 Mechanisms 193 12.1 Basic Mechanisms 193 12.1.1 Four-Bar Mechanism 193 12.1.2 Six-Bar Mechanism 195 12.2 Kinematics 197 12.2.1 Translational 197 12.2.2 Rotational 204 12.2.3 Translation—Rotation 209 12.2.4 Parallel Motion 214 12.2.5 Straight Line 218 12.2.6 Unique Motion Path 220 12.2.7 Stroke Amplification 227 12.2.8 Spatial Positioning 230 12.2.9 Metamorphic 233 12.2.10 Ratchet 237 12.2.11 Latch 241 12.2.12 Others 243 12.3 Kinetics 245 12.3.1 Energy Storage 245 12.3.2 Stability 252 12.3.3 Constant Force 262 12.3.4 Force Amplification 263 12.3.5 Dampening 267 12.3.6 Mode 268 12.3.7 Others 269 References 272 13 Example Application 277 13.1 Elements of Mechanisms: Flexible Elements 277 13.2 Mechanisms: Kinematic 282 13.3 Mechanisms: Kinetic 291 References 317 Index 319

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Book SynopsisThis new 2011 edition of this databook has been heavily updated and replaces the previous editions of this bestselling pocket guide, providing a concise and useful source of up-to-date essential for the student or practicing engineer.Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xiii Introduction – The Role of Technical Standards xv Section 1: Engineering Careers 1 1.1 Introduction: what is an engineer? 1 1.2 A rough guide to industry breakdown 3 1.3 Training and professional development 4 1.4 Degrees of (engineering) excellence 5 1.5 Degrees and how to pass them 9 1.6 Do you have any . . . experience? 12 1.7 Final cut – job interviews 14 Section 2: Units 18 2.1 The Greek alphabet 18 2.2 Units systems 19 2.3 Units and conversions 21 2.4 Consistency of units 32 2.5 Dimensional analysis 36 2.6 Essential engineering mathematics 38 2.7 Maths and the real world? 40 Section 3: Engineering Design – Process and Principles 49 3.1 Engineering problem-solving 49 3.2 Problem types and methodologies 49 3.3 Design principles 51 3.4 The engineering design process 52 3.5 Design as a systematic activity (the 'pugh' method) 53 3.6 The innovation model 53 3.7 Creativity tools 57 3.8 The product design specification (PDS) 58 3.9 Presenting technical information 60 3.10 The anatomy of mechanical design 79 3.11 Safety in design – principles and practice 89 3.12 Design by nature – project toucan 105 Section 4: Basic Mechanical Design 110 4.1 Engineering abbreviations 110 4.2 Datums and tolerances – principles 112 4.3 Toleranced dimensions 113 4.4 General tolerances 114 4.5 Holes 115 4.6 Screw threads 116 4.7 Limits and fits 117 4.8 Surface finish 119 Section 5: Motion 122 5.1 Making sense of equilibrium 122 5.2 Motion equations 123 5.3 Newton's laws of motion 124 5.4 Simple harmonic motion (SHM) 125 5.5 Understanding acceleration 126 5.6 Dynamic balancing 126 5.7 Vibration 128 5.8 Machine vibration 129 5.9 Machinery noise 130 Section 6: Deformable Body Mechanics 133 6.1 Quick reference – mechanical notation 133 6.2 Engineering structures – so where are all the pin joints? 135 6.3 Simple stress and strain 136 6.4 Simple elastic bending 138 6.5 Slope and deflection of beams 140 6.6 Torsion 142 6.7 Thin cylinders 145 6.8 Cylindrical vessels with hemispherical ends 146 6.9 Thick cylinders 147 6.10 Buckling of struts 148 6.11 Flat circular plates 149 6.12 Stress concentration factors 151 Section 7: Material Failure 155 7.1 How materials fail 155 7.2 LEFM method 156 7.3 Multi-axis stress states 157 7.4 Fatigue 158 7.5 Factors of safety 161 7.6 United states practice 161 7.7 Ultimate jigsaw – what everything is made of 162 Section 8: Thermodynamics and Cycles 166 8.1 Quick reference: symbols – thermodynamics 166 8.2 Basic thermodynamic laws 167 8.3 Entropy 169 8.4 Enthalpy 169 8.5 Other definitions 170 8.6 Cycles 170 8.7 The steam cycle 172 8.8 Properties of steam 172 8.9 Reference information 175 8.10 The gas turbine (GT) cycle 175 Section 9: Basic Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics 178 9.1 Basic properties 178 9.2 Flow equations 180 9.3 Flow regimes 186 9.4 Boundary layers 189 9.5 Isentropic flow 191 9.6 Compressible one-dimensional flow 191 9.7 Normal shock waves 192 9.8 Axisymmetric flows 195 9.9 Drag coefficients 195 9.10 General airfoil theory 197 9.11 Airfoil coefficients 198 9.12 Pressure distributions 200 9.13 Aerodynamic centre 200 9.14 Centre of pressure 201 9.15 Supersonic conditions 202 9.16 Wing loading: semi-ellipse assumption 204 Section 10: Fluid Equipment 206 10.1 Turbines 206 10.2 Refrigeration systems 207 10.3 Diesel engines 209 10.4 Heat exchangers 210 10.5 Centrifugal pumps 212 10.6 Impeller types 214 Section 11: Pressure Vessels 216 11.1 Vessel codes and standards 216 11.2 Pressure vessel design features 219 11.3 Cylindrical pressure vessel design stresses 220 11.4 Stress categories 221 11.5 Analysis of stress combinations 222 11.6 Vessel certification 223 11.7 Flanges 223 Section 12: Materials 225 12.1 Observing crystals: order and disorder 225 12.2 Carbon steels 226 12.3 Low-alloy steels 227 12.4 Alloy steels 227 12.5 Cast iron (CI) 228 12.6 Stainless steels 230 12.7 Non-ferrous alloys 233 12.8 Nickel alloys 233 12.9 Zinc alloys 234 12.10 Copper alloys 234 12.11 Aluminium alloys 235 12.12 Titanium alloys 236 12.13 Engineering plastics 237 12.14 Material traceability and documentation 238 12.15 Corrosion 239 Section 13: Machine Elements 244 13.1 Screw fasteners 244 13.2 Bearings 247 13.3 Ball and roller bearings 248 13.4 Bearing lifetime 249 13.5 Coefficient of friction 250 13.6 Gear trains 251 13.7 Seals 254 13.8 Shaft couplings 257 13.9 Cam mechanisms 259 13.10 Clutches 261 13.11 Pulley mechanisms 264 13.12 Drive types 266 Section 14: Quality Assurance and Quality Control 267 14.1 Quality assurance: ISO 9001: 2008 267 14.2 Quality system certification 268 14.3 The ISO 9001 standard 269 14.4 Taguchi methods 271 14.5 Statistical process control (SPC) 272 14.6 Normal distribution 272 14.7 The binomial and poisson distributions 274 14.8 Reliability 274 14.9 Improving design reliability: main principles 277 14.10 'Design for reliability' – a new approach 278 Section 15: Project Engineering 281 15.1 Project planning 281 15.2 Critical path analysis (CPA) 282 15.3 Planning with Gantt charts 283 15.4 Rapid prototyping 284 15.5 Value analysis 285 Section 16: Welding 286 16.1 Welding processes 286 16.2 Weld types and orientation 289 16.3 Welding symbols 292 16.4 Welding defects 295 16.5 Welding documentation 297 Section 17: Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) 299 17.1 Non-destructive testing acronyms 299 17.2 Visual examination 301 17.3 Dye penetrant (DP) testing 301 17.4 Magnetic particle (MP) testing 302 17.5 Ultrasonic testing (UT) 303 17.6 Radiographic testing (RT) 313 Section 18: Surface Protection 318 18.1 Painting 318 18.2 Galvanizing 320 18.3 Chrome plating 320 18.4 Rubber linings 321 Section 19: Metallurgical Terms 324

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Book SynopsisThe Engineering Design of Systems Comprehensive resource covering methods to design, verify, and validate systems with a model-based approach, addressing engineering of current software-centric systems The newly revised and updated Fourth Edition of The Engineering Design of Systems includes content addressing model-based systems engineering, digital engineering, digital threads, AI, SysML 1.0 and 2.0, digital twins, and GENESYS software. The authors explore system and software-centric architecture, allocations, and logical and physical architecture development, including revised terminologies for a variety of subsections throughout. Composed of 15 chapters, this book includes important new sections on modeling approaches for middle-out engineering, reverse engineering, and agile systems engineering, with a separate section on emerging trends within systems engineering to explore the most update-to-date methods. The authors include comprehensive diagrams and a separate chapter on a complete exercise of the System Engineering process, ranging from the operational concept to integration and qualification. To aid in reader comprehension and retention of concepts, the text is embedded with problems at the end of each chapter, along with relevant case studies. Sample topics covered in The Engineering Design of Systems include: Structural system models to executable models, verification and validation on systems of systems, and external systems and context modeling Digital engineering, digital threads, artificial/augmented intelligence (AI), stakeholder requirements, and scientific foundations for systems engineering Quantifying a context and external systems' model, including intended and unintended inputs, both deterministic and non-deterministic Functional architecture development, logical and physical architecture development, allocated architecture development, interface design, and decision analysis for design trades The Engineering Design of Systems is highly suitable as a main text for undergraduate and graduate students studying courses in system engineering design, systems architecture, and systems integration. The text is also valuable as a reference for practicing system architects, systems engineers, industrial engineers, engineering management professionals, and systems integrators.

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Book SynopsisDegrowth is a rejection of the illusion of growth and a call to repoliticize the public debate colonized by the idiom of economism. It is a project advocating the democratically-led shrinking of production and consumption with the aim of achieving social justice and ecological sustainability.This overview of degrowth offers a comprehensive coverage of the main topics and major challenges of degrowth in a succinct, simple and accessible manner. In addition, it offers a set of keywords useful forintervening in current political debates and for bringing about concrete degrowth-inspired proposals at different levels - local, national and global.The result is the most comprehensive coverage of the topic of degrowth in English and serves as the definitive international reference.More information at: vocabulary.degrowth.orgView the author spotlight featuring events and press related to degrowth at http://t.co/k9qbQpyuYp.Trade Review‘One of the most thorough and insightful presentations and discussion of economic theory and practice in the field of de-growth economics, a revolutionary attempt to understand the economy as if humans and Nature matter.’ -- Manuel Castells, University of California, Berkeley, USA‘At a time in history when political, economic and intellectual leaders assure us that nothing fundamental can any longer be questioned, nothing could be more important than the movement - of thought, and of action – that this volume on Degrowth represents. It raises the prospect of finally ejecting the twin demons of productivism and consumerism that are responsible for so many historical failures of the left as well as the right, and begins to set about the real work of imagining and building a society fit for human beings to live in.’ -- David Graeber, London School of Economics, UK.‘The most comprehensive coverage of the topic of degrowth in English … the definitive international reference.’ -- Australian Quarterly‘This book should be compulsory reading for all students everywhere. The authorities would be well advised to ban it. Perhaps, as in ‘Fahrenheit 451’, in the transition to degrowth global societies idealists will memorize some of these short and inspiring prose poems showing that another world is possible.’ -- Leslie Sklair, The British Journal of Sociology‘Without question, the publication of this volume is a welcome addition to the literature on degrowth.’ -- Andrew J. Sutter, Ecological Economics‘An essential resource to initiate the much needed debate for socio-ecological justice across the planet.’ -- Brototi Roy, Antipode‘An invitation to think differently, imagine different futures, and desire differently.’ – Panos Petridis, International Development Planning Review‘An indispensable point of reference to the politics of degrowth [which] offers a map to the world of alternatives to capitalisms.’ -- Silvia Federici, Hofstra University, USA.‘A thought-provoking, wide-ranging, spirited, and deeply original analysis; this book is a must-read on degrowth debates.’ -- Karen Bakker, University of British Columbia, Canada.‘Illuminates diverse concepts for clear thinking, provides new languages for political discourse, and outlines the many steps we can take to recreate our economy, our lives, and our relations to planet Earth. Call it what you want: happiness, living within limits, community, real democracy – DeGrowth both calls and empowers us to bold action.’ -- Richard Norgaard, University of California, Berkeley, USA.‘A vital resource for those who want to engage with degrowth.’ -- Massimo De Angelis, University of East London, UK.‘A comprehensive exploration of the various dimensions of degrowth.’ -- Ashish Kothari, member of Kalpavriksh, Puna; and co-author of "Churning the earth: The Making of Global India".‘Reinventing the growth trajectory is equally critical for the rest of the world in this age of climate risk and present and future danger. Degrowth is then the new vocabulary that we must learn and practice.’ -- Sunita Narain, Centre of Science and Environment, India; Editor, Down To Earth magazine.‘In times marked by political stupor, it is refreshing to have such a light-footed guide through a universe of anti-mainstream ideas ranging from conviviality to Ubuntu, and from urban gardening to entropy.’ -- Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Founder, Institute of Social Ecology, Alpen Adria University, Austria.‘For the poor to grow up to a steady-state economy that is sufficient for a good life and sustainable for a long future, the rich must make ecological space by de-growing down to the same sufficient (not luxurious) steady-state level. Essays in this collection recognize the necessity to face this difficult convergent task of justly sharing our finite world.’ -- Herman Daly, University of Maryland, USA.‘Exciting and deeply subversive.’ -- Clive Hamilton, Charles Sturt University and University of Melbourne, Australia‘This exciting book is a pioneering exploration of the recently come-of-age field of degrowth economics and policy. It will be landmark for all those who want to transcend the growth fetish that has so many enthralled today.’ -- James Gustave Speth, Vermont Law School, Royalton.‘This timely book takes us a great step forward by providing an impressive collection of concepts and ideas related to the degrowth debate.’ -- Inge Røpke, Aalborg University, Denmark.‘Indispensable for anybody interested in moving beyond mere retrofit solutions to the most important economic and ecological conundrums of our time.’ -- Deepak Malghan, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India, and Princeton University, USA‘What a splendid vocabulary! A range of international authors brilliantly surveys the emerging field of an economics which bids farewell to the obsession of growth. The entries are compact yet eloquent, learned yet action-oriented. Whoever wants to know more about an economy of permanence for the 21th century should reach for this book.’ -- Wolfgang Sachs, Wuppertal Institute, Berlin, Germany.‘The definitive collection on degrowth … an invaluable source of knowledge and inspiration for anyone interested academically or politically in alternative ways of thinking and acting about the environment and development.’ -- Maria Kaika, University of Manchester, UK.‘Degrowth takes the false coin of economic growth via capital accumulation and confronts it head on. The essential message for our time.’ -- John Bellamy Foster, University of Oregon, USA‘An encyclopaedic compendium, at once widely accessible and deeply informative.’ -- Ariel Salleh, Friedrich Schiller University, Germany.‘Like it or not, this persistence of degrowth must be recognized, and credit given to its capacity of spurring new debates and new forms of social mobilization, appealing to all those who continue to see ‘growth’ as a false solution to social problems and a true disaster for the environment.’ -- Stefania Barca, University of Coimbra, Portugal.‘Will it be possible to escape from the monster of growth? We need to think new utopias to orient us. And these one can find in this book.’ -- Alberto Acosta, Economist and ex-President of the National Constitutional Assembly of Ecuador‘A must read for all those who firmly believe that modern economy has reached its dead-end.’ -- Sudhirendar Sharma, Independent Environmental ConsultantTable of ContentsPreface Giacomo D'Alisa, Federico Demaria, Giorgios Kallis Foreword Francois Schneider and Fabrice FlipoIntroduction: Degrowth Giorgios Kallis, Federico Demaria, Giacomo D'Alisa Part 1: Lines of thought 1.Anti-utilitarianism: Onofrio Romano 2. Bio-economics: Mauro Bonaiuti 3. Development, Critiques of: Arturo Escobar 4. Environmental Justice: Isabelle Anguelovski 5. Environmentalism, Currents of: Joan Martinez-Alier 6. Metabolism, Societal: Alevgul Sorman 7. Political ecology: Susan Paulson 8. Steady-state economics: Joshua Farley Part 2: The core 9. Autonomy: Marco Deriu 10. Capitalism: Diego Andreucci and Terrence McDonough 11. Care: Marco Deriu, Giacomo D’Alisa and Federico Demaria 12. Commodification Erik Gomez 13. Commodity frontiers: Marta Conde and Mariana Walter 14. Commons: Silke Helfrich and David Bollier 15. Conviviality: Marco Deriu 16. Dematerialization: Sylvia Lorek 17. Dépense: Onofrio Romano 18. Depoliticization ("the Political"): Erik Swyngedouw 19. Disaster Pedagogy: Serge Latouche 20. Entropy: Sergio Ulgiati 21. Emergy: Sergio Ulgiati 22. GDP: Daniel O'Neil 23. Growth: Peter Victor 24. Happiness: Filka Sekulova 25. Imaginary, Decolonization of: Serge Latouche 26. Jevons' paradox: Blake Alcott 27. Neo-Malthusians: Joan Martinez-Alier 28. Peak oil: Christian Kerschner 29. Simplicity: Samuel Alexander 30. Social limits of growth: Giorgos KallisPart 3: The Action 31. Back-to-the-landers: Rita Calvario and Iago Otero 32. Basic and maximum income: Samuel Alexander 33. Community currencies: Kristoffer Dittmer 34. Cooperatives: Nadia Johanisova, Ruben Suriñach Padilla and Philippa Parry 35. Debt audit: Sergi Cutillas, David Llistar and Gemma Tarafa 36. Digital commons: Mayo Fuster Morell 37. Disobedience: Xavier Renou 38. Eco-communities: Claudio Cattaneo 39. Indignados (Occupy): Viviana Asara and Barbara Muraca 40. Job Guarantee: Brandon Unti 41. Money, Public: Mary Mellor 42. New Economy: Tim Jackson 43. Nowtopians: Chris Carlsson 44. Post-normal science: Giacomo D’Alisa and Giorgios Kallis 45. Unions: Denis Bayon 46. Urban Gardening: Isabelle Anguelovski 47. Work-sharing: Juliet Schor Part 4: Alliances 48. Buen Vivir: Eduardo Gudynas 49. Economy of permanence: Chiara Corazza and Victus Solomon 50. Feminist economics: Antonella Picchio 51. Ubuntu: Mogobe B. Ramose Epilogue: From austerity to dépense: Giacomo D'Alisa, Giorgios Kallis and Federico Demaria

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Book SynopsisCraigâs Soil Mechanics continues to evolve and remain the definitive text for civil engineering students worldwide. It covers fundamental soil mechanics and its application in applied geotechnical engineering from A to Z and at the right depth for an undergraduate civil engineer, with sufficient extension material for supporting MSc level courses, and with practical examples and digital tools to make it a useful reference work for practising engineers.This new edition now includes: Restructured chapters on foundations and earthworks, the latter including new material on working platforms and collapse of underground cavities (sinkhole formation). New mobilised-stress-based deformation methods that can straightforwardly be used with both linear and non-linear soil stiffness models and field measurements of shear wave velocity, for serviceability limit state design. Extended sets of correlations for making sensible first estimates of soil parameters, adding deformation-based parameters for broader coverage than the Eighth Edition. Extended section on robust statistical selection of characteristic soil parameters. Greater use of consolidation theory throughout in determining whether actions, processes and laboratory/in-situ tests are drained or undrained. Extended chapter on in-situ testing, adding the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), and interpretation of consolidation parameters from CPTU and DMT testing. An updated section on pile load testing. Additional worked examples and end-of-chapter problems covering new material, with fully worked solutions for lecturers. The electronic resources on the bookâs companion website are developed further, with the addition of two new spreadsheet numerical analysis tools and improvement of existing tools from the Eighth Edition. Using these, readers can take real soil test data, interpret its mechanical properties and apply these to a range of common geotechnical design problems at ultimate and serviceability limiting states.Trade Review'The introduction of the chapter on Geotechnical Design (Chapter 13) is particularly welcome, as the subject is an extremely practical aspect of civil engineering and in my experience students struggle to make sensible decisions in terms of geotechnical design. This is particularly the case regarding decisions on reasonable parameter values to use in design.A particular strength is the inclusion of spreadsheet-based analysis tools. The use of spreadsheets is an extremely useful and indeed relatively powerful way to execute many design calculations in engineering and we are continually encouraging our students to make more use of them. They are particularly useful for parametric studies which are precisely the type of studies which should always be carried out as part of geotechnical design calculations.'– Bill Stewart, Glasgow University, UK'I have numerous alternate texts on my shelves, but I continue to find Craig superior.'– Amy Rechenmacher, University of Southern California, USATable of ContentsPart I Development of a mechanical model for soil 1 Basic characteristics of soils 2 Seepage 3 Effective stress 4 Consolidation 5 Soil behaviour in shear 6 Ground investigation 7 In-situ testing Part II Applications in geotechnical engineering 8 Shallow foundations: capacity 9 Shallow foundations: serviceability 10 Deep foundations 11 Retaining structures 12 Earthworks 13 Evaluating geotechnical performance

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Book SynopsisSacred Ecology examines bodies of knowledge held by indigenous and other rural peoples around the world, and asks how we can learn from this knowledge and ways of knowing. Berkes explores the importance of local and indigenous knowledge as a complement to scientific ecology, and its cultural and political significance for indigenous groups themselves. With updates of relevant links for further learning and over 180 new references, the fourth edition gives increased voice to indigenous authors, and reflects the remarkable increase in published local observations of climate change.Table of Contents1 Context of Traditional Ecological Knowledge 2 Traditional Knowledge Comes of Age 3 Intellectual Roots of Traditional Ecological Knowledge4 Traditional Knowledge Systems in Practice 5 Cree Worldview "From the Inside" 6 A Story of Caribou and Social Learning 7 Cree Fishing Practices as Adaptive Management 8 Climate Change and Indigenous Ways of Knowing 9 Holism of Indigenous Knowledge, Complex Systems, and Fuzzy Logic10 How Local and Traditional Knowledge Develops11 Indigenous Knowledge in Context: Myths, Worldviews, Contemporary Applications12 Toward a Unity of Mind and Nature

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An Accessible, Scientifically Rigorous Presentation That Helps Your Students Learn the Real StuffWinner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Book Award 2011â takes the revolutionary concepts and techniques that have traditionally been fodder for graduate study and makes them accessible for all. â outstanding introduction to the broad field of nanotechnology provides a solid foundation for further study. â Highly recommended.âN.M. Fahrenkopf, University at Albany, CHOICE Magazine 2011Give your students the thorough grounding they need in nanotechnology. A rigorous yet accessible treatment of one of the worldâs fastest growing fields, Nanotechnology: Understanding Small Systems, Third Edition provides an accessible introduction without sacrificing rigorous scientific details. This approach makes the subject matter accessible to students from a variety of disciplines. Building on the foundation set by the first two bests

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Book SynopsisCurrent demand in biomedical sciences emphasizes the understanding of basic mechanisms and problem solving rather than rigid empiricism and factual recall. Knowledge of the basic laws of mass and momentum transport as well as model development and validation, biomedical signal processing, biomechanics, and capstone design have indispensable roles in the engineering analysis of physiological processes. To this end, an introductory, multidisciplinary text is a must to provide the necessary foundation for beginning biomedical students.Assuming no more than a passing acquaintance with molecular biology, physiology, biochemistry, and signal processing, Biomedical Engineering Principles, Second Edition provides just such a solid, accessible grounding to this rapidly advancing field. Acknowledging the vast range of backgrounds and prior education from which the biomedical field draws, the organization of this book lends itself to a tailored course specific to the exTrade ReviewPraise for the Previous Edition"[Provides] not only an in-breadth overview on current BME fields, but also an in-depth analysis of specific selected topics that are supported by appropriate mathematical models, equations, quantitative data charts and tables."—Biomedical Engineering Online, 2005"For university faculty, [this] book is an excellent textbook for a class. Each chapter contains numerous examples and contains many figures to enhance learning. References and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Problems are included at the end of chapters, where they will best test the student's knowledge. ..."For practicing engineers without biomedical engineering background, the book provides an excellent resource to explain the many intricacies of biomedical engineering and provides sufficient background material to make the subject understandable."—Richard C. Fries, PE, CRE, Baxter Healthcare, Inc., in IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, December 2006"This book is written at a reasonably high scientific level; it employs mathematics, basic physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics of the main medical processes. It is well illustrated with figures, schemes, various plots, and mathematical equations. This book will definitely be useful for biochemists, biophysicists, and specialists in cell biology and medicine."—G. Ya. Wiederschain, Doctor of Biological Science, Moscow State University, RussiaTable of ContentsIntroduction: Modeling of Physiological Processes. Cell Physiology and Transport. Principles and Biomedical Applications of Hemodynamics. A Systems Approach to Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Biomedical Signal Processing. Signal Acquisition and Processing. Techniques for Physiological Signal Processing. Examples of Physiological Signal Processing. Principles of Biomechanics. Practical Applications of Biomechanics. Biomaterials. Principles of Biomedical Capstone Design. Unmet Clinical Needs. Entrepreneurship: Reasons why Most Good Designs Never Get to Market. An Engineering Solution in Search of a Biomedical Problem to Solve. Tissue Engineering. Future Trends in BME.

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Book SynopsisMany professionals and students in engineering, science, business, and other application fields need to develop Windows-based and web-enabled information systems to store and use data for decision support, without help from professional programmers. However, few books are available to train professionals and students who are not professional programmers to develop these information systems. Developing Windows-Based and Web-Enabled Information Systems fills this gap, providing a self-contained, easy-to-understand, and well-illustrated text that explores current concepts, methods, and software tools for developing Windows-based and web-enabled information systems. Written in an easily accessible style, the book details current concepts, methods, and software tools for Windows-based and web-enabled information systems that store and use data. It is self-contained with easy-to-understand small examples to walk through concepts and implementation details along with large-scTrade Review"This book takes a comprehensive approach to cover the topics of information systems and their development. At the same time it has detailed examples to help readers at different levels. … detailed examples and case studies makes it a good textbook and reference for readers of diverse backgrounds."—Xiangyang Li, Johns Hopkins University"The main strength of this book is that it is written by industrial engineering professors that understand how to present important data management concepts to engineers that may not have a computer science background. Most books on data management and information systems are written with the computing professional in mind. This book finally gives engineers an understandable approach to learning the fundamental data management concepts that are relevant to engineering applications."—Susan D Urban, Texas Tech University"The book is provides a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of information systems. Furthermore, this book has struck the right balance of having sufficient business case concepts for implementing information systems as well as including important technical theories on designing databases."—Eugene Rex L. Jalao, Ph.D., University of the Philippines Diliman"… the most comprehensive book to introduce information system. … covers all the topics related to information system from theoretical background to practical applications. … organized very well and considers the diversity of the readers which will attract a huge number of audiences. … the best textbook for information system related class at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. … covers lots of complex case studies."—Mengqi Hu, Mississippi State UniversityTable of ContentsFoundations of Information Systems. Boolean algebra and digital logic circuits. Digital data representation. Computer system software. Network system software. Information Assurance. An Overview of Information Systems for Window and Web Applications. Database Design and Development. Data Modeling: E-R and EE-R Modeling. Data modeling: Relational Data Modeling and Normalization. SQL. Access. MySQL. Object-Oriented Database. Windows Application Development. Visual Basic Programming I. Visual Basic Programming II. Visual Basic Programming III. Windows Forms and Controls with VBA. Database connectivity with VBA. Windows Forms and Controls with VB.NET. Database connectivity with VB.NET. Web Application Development. Chapter 20. Web applications. Web services. Working with XML I. Working with XML II. Case Studies. A Business Application - Use of VB A and Database. An Engineering Application - Use of VB. NET and Database. A Science Application - Use of ASP.NET and Database.

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Book SynopsisRapid advancements in train control and in-cab technologies provide significant opportunities for rail operators to improve efficiency and enhance their operations. New technologies often provide elegant solutions to existing problems or new capabilities for the operator. However, new technologies may also represent a significant form of risk. Thus, it is important to balance the potential for significant improvement with justifiable concern about how the technology may unpredictably change the nature of the work. If a technology is designed and implemented without considering the substantive human factors concerns, that technology may lead to unintended consequences that can introduce safety issues and disrupt network performance. It is important to note that even a well-designed and beneficial technology may be rejected by the users who see it as a threat to their jobs, status or working conditions. This book discusses the issues surrounding rail technology and introduces a âtoolkitâ of human factors evaluation methods. The toolkit provides a practical and operationally focused set of methods that can be used by managers considering investing in technology, staff charged with implementing a technology, and consultants engaged to assist with the design and evaluation process. This toolkit can help to ensure that new rail technologies are thoughtfully designed, effectively implemented, and well received by users so that the significant investment associated with developing rail technologies is not wasted.Trade Review’This is not a beginner’s guide to Human Factors but then the rail industry is no longer a beginner. It is a technical book, rich in detail and insight, but also one that has itself been designed for Human Use. It is easy to read, being in equal part a railway book as much as it is a human factors one.’ Rail Professional, December 2013Table of ContentsForeword; Introduction: the promise and perils of new technology, Drew Dawson, Chris Bearman, Anjum Naweed and Gareth Hughes; Key technology-related human factors issues, Chris Bearman; Resistance to technology, Janette Rose and Chris Bearman; Effective user feedback: the practical value of mock-ups, Gareth Hughes, Airdrie Long, Anne Maddock and Chris Bearman; Qualitative research rules: using qualitative and ethnographic methods to access the human dimensions of technology, Kirrilly Thompson; Future enquiry: a participatory ergonomics approach to evaluating new technology, Verna Blewitt and Andrea Shaw; Using task analysis to inform the development and evaluation of new technologies, Janette Rose, Chris Bearman and Anjum Naweed; Evaluating your train simulator part I: the physical environment, Anjum Naweed, Ganesh Balakrishnan and Jillian Dorrian; Evaluating your train simulator part II: the task environment, Jillian Dorrian and Anjum Naweed; Applying the theories and measures of situation awareness to the rail industry, Janette Rose, Chris Bearman and Anne Maddock; Index.

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Book SynopsisAlthough upwards of 50,000 environmental assessments (EAs) are prepared annuallycompared to some 500 environmental impact statements (EISs)the focus of U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulations is on defining requirements for preparing EISs. Written by Charles Eccleston and J. Peyton Doub, who have established themselves among the top environmental experts in the world, Preparing NEPA Environmental Assessments: A User's Guide to Best Professional Practices fills the need for an authoritative and comprehensive guide on how to prepare EAs.Bridging the regulatory gap, this book identifies relevant EIS regulatory requirements that can be logically interpreted to also apply to EAs. It compiles and synthesizes information scattered throughout NEPA's regulations, executive orders, and guidance documents, and incorporates case law to provide additional clarification. The authors also draw on the professional experiences and best profeTrade ReviewPraise for the previous book, Effective Environmental Assessments: How to Manage and Write NEPA Assessments (CRC Press, 2001):"Mr. Eccleston has written a most thorough guide to managing and preparing EAs that puts NEPA back into its original perspective—a planning and decision-making tool … comprehensively covers the EA process … provides practical guidance for effectively preparing an analysis …"—Mr. Russell W. Peterson, Former Governor of Delaware and Former Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)"NEPA is the cornerstone of our environmental statutory structure and provides a strategic look for long-range planning. By explaining the environmental assessment process in a scholarly, yet easily understandable way, Charles Eccleston has performed an enormous service for all who care about the protection of our country's—and indeed the world's—environment."—Michael R. Deland, Former Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality"Charles Eccleston has performed a real service in authoring Effective Environmental Assessments: How to Manage and Write NEPA Assessments. The book fills a void and concentrates on environmental assessments, a critical but underemphasized part of the NEPA process. It is, furthermore, both useful and user-friendly."—Nicholas C. Yost, Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, former General Counsel of the CEQ charged with responsibility for writing the 1978 CEQ NEPA RegulationsTable of ContentsThe NEPA Environmental Assessment Process: Overview and Historical Development of NEPA. General Concepts and Requirements. NEPA and Environmental Impact Analysis. The Threshold Question: Determining Whether an EA or an EIS is Required. The Environmental Assessment Process. The Environmental Impact Assessment. Writing the Environmental Assessment. Assessing Significance. The Finding of No Significant Impacts. NEPA Case Law and Non-NEPA Environmental Assessment Documents: An Overview of NEPA Law and Litigation. Specialized Non-NEPA Environmental Assessment Documents. Summary. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn undeniably rich and thorough guide to satellite communication engineering, Satellite Communication Engineering, Second Edition presents the fundamentals of information communications systems in a simple and succinct way. This book considers both the engineering aspects of satellite systems as well as the practical issues in the broad field of information transmission. Implementing concepts developed on an intuitive, physical basis and utilizing a combination of applications and performance curves, this book starts off with a progressive foundation in satellite technology, and then moves on to more complex concepts with ease.What's New in the Second Edition:The second edition covers satellite and Earth station design; global positioning systems; antenna tracking; links and communications systems; error detection and correction; data security; regulations and procedures for system modeling; integration; testing; and reliability and perfoTrade Review"It's application is industry based. …it will excite readers especially with it empirical examples."––Kayode Odimayomi, METI-University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria"The book provides a simple explanation of the very technical aspects of satellite systems engineering. It covers a wide range of topics and includes useful topics of Design of Satellite Links, Satellite Communication Network Access Types and Error Detection and Correction Coding Schemes, Regulatory Agencies and Procedures and Mobile Satellite Systems, which is a recent phenomenon. Very good examples are used to illustrate the design procedures."—Tokunbo Ogunfunmi, Santa Clara universityTable of ContentsBasic Principles of Satellite Communications. Satellites. Earth Stations. Satellite Links. Communication Networks and Systems. Error Detection and Correction for Coding Schemes. Regulatory Agencies and Procedures. Mobile Satellite System Services. Appendices. Index.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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