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Book SynopsisThis guide combines soil engineering principles, design information, and contruction details. It introduces basic theory and then, by means of case studies, practical worked examples and design charts, develops an understanding of foundation design and construction methods.Table of Contents Preface To The 1st Edition. Preface To The 7th Edition. 1. Site Investigations And Soil Mechanics 2. The General Principles Of Foundation Design 3. Foundation Design In Relation To Ground Movements 4. Spread And Deep Shaft Foundations 5. Buoyancy Rafts And Basements (Box Foundations) 6. Bridge Foundations 7. Piled Foundations 1: The Carrying Capacity Of Piles And Pile Groups 8. Piled Foundations 2: Structural Design And Construction Methods 9. Foundation Construction 10. Cofferdams 11. Geotechnical Processes 12. Shoring And Underpinning 13. Protection Of Foundation Structures Against Attack By Soils And Ground Water. Appendix A Properties Of Materials. Appendix B Ground Movements Around Excavations. Appendix C Conversion Tables. Author Index. Title Index.

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Book Synopsis Integrates MATLAB throughout the text.

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Book Synopsis Wesley P. James has over 40 years of experience in hydraulics, hydrology, and water resources engineering, working in federal agencies, private consulting, and universities. He has continued his consulting engineering practice since retiring in 1997 after 26 years with the Civil Engineering Department, Texas A&M University. His teaching, research, and consulting have been in the areas of watershed modeling, remote sensing, groundwater engineering, stormwater management, and design and analysis of hydraulic structures and facilities. Honors include the national J. M. Robbins Excellence in Teaching Award from the Chi Epsilon Civil Engineering Honor Society in 1990. Dr. James holds degrees in Civil Engineering from Montana State University, Purdue University, and Oregon State University. Ralph A. Wurbs is a Professor in the Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division with the Civil Engineering Department, Texas A&MTable of Contents 1. Introduction. Water Resources Engineering Disciplines. Water Management Sectors. The Water Management Community. Computer Models in Water Resources Engineering. Units of Measure. 2. Hydrology. Water. Hydroclimatology. Atmospheric Processes. Precipitation. Evaporation and Transpiration. Units of Measure for Depth, Area, Volume, and Volumetric Rates. Watershed Hydrology and Streamflow. Subsurface Water. Erosion and Sedimentation. Water Quality. Climatic, Hydrologic, and Water Quality Data. 3. Fluid Mechanics. Units. Properties of Water. Statics. Reynolds Transport Theorem. Dimensional Analysis. Water Flow in Pipes. Open Channel Flow. Groundwater. 4. Hydraulics of Pipelines and Pipe Networks. Steady Flow. Unsteady Flow. 5. Open Channel Hydraulics. Uniform Flow. Gradually Varied Steady Flow. Rapidly Varied Flow. Unsteady Flow. 6. Flood Routing. Hydrologic Routing. Kinematic Routing. Hydraulic Stream Routing. Dam Break Analysis. Overland Flow and Channel Routing. 7. Hydrologic Frequency Analysis. Hydrologic Random Variables and Data. Probability Relationships. Binomial Distribution and Risk Formula. Empirical Relative Frequency Relations. Analytical Probability Distributions. Frequency Graphs. Bulletin 17B Flood Frequency Analysis Methodologies. Other Flood Frequency Analysis Methods. Flow-Duration, Concentration-Duration, and Low-Flow Frequency Relationships. Reservoir/River System Reliability. Precipitation Frequency Analysis. 8. Modeling Watershed Hydrology. Watershed Hydrology. Watershed Models. Watershed Characteristics. Rational Method for Estimating Peak Flow. Separating Precipitation into Abstractions and Runoff. Unit Hydrograph Approach for Estimating Flow Rates. Erosion and Sediment Yield. Water Quality Modeling. Generalized Watershed Simulation Models. 9. Groundwater Engineering. Wells. Flow Net Analysis. Numerical Methods. Groundwater Quality. 10. Urban Stormwater Management. Stormwater Collection Systems. On-Site Detention Basins. Regional Detention Facilities. Water Quality. Flood Damage Mitigation. 11. Water Resources Systems Analysis. The Systems Philosophy. Economic Benefit-Cost Analysis. Simulation of Flood Damage Reduction Systems. Simulation and Optimization. Linear Programming. 12. River Basin Management. Multiobjective, Multipurpose River Basin Development and Management. Major River Basin Management Systems. River Control Structures. Water Rights and Allocation. Water Quality Management. Environmental Management. Appendix: Dimensions and Unit Conversion Factors.

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Book SynopsisEnvironment and Society relates to a diverse audience and encompasses viewpoints from a variety of natural and social science approaches. This integrative book about human-environment relations connects many issues about human societies, ecological systems, and environments with data and perspectives from different fields of study. Its viewpoint is primarily sociological and it is designed for courses in Environmental Sociology and Environmental Issues, or taught in departments of Sociology, Environmental Studies, Anthropology, Political Science, and Human Geography.Table of Contents 1. Environment, Human Systems, and Social Science 2. Humans and the Resources of the Earth: Sources and Sinks 3. Global Climate Change 4. Energy and Society 5. Population, Environment, and Food 6. Globalization, Growth, and Sustainability 7. Transforming Structures. Markets and Politics 8. Environmentalism. Ideology and Collective Action

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Book Synopsis For junior-level courses in System Dynamics, offered in Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering departments. This text presents students with the basic theory and practice of system dynamics. It introduces the modeling of dynamic systems and response analysis of these systems, with an introduction to the analysis and design of control systems.Table of Contents 1. Introduction to System Dynamics. 2. The Laplace Transform. 3. Mechanical Systems. 4. Transfer-Function Approach to Modeling Dynamic Systems. 5. State-Space Approach to Modeling Dynamic Systems. 6. Electrical Systems and Electromechanical Systems. 7. Fluid Systems and Thermal Systems. 8. Time-Domain Analyses of Dynamic Systems. 9. Frequency-Domain Analyses of Dynamic Systems. 10. Time-Domain Analyses of Control Systems. 11. Frequency-Domain Analyses and the Design of Control Systems. Appendix A. Systems of Units. Appendix B. Conversion Tables. Appendix C. Vector-Matrix Algebra. Appendix D. Introduction to MATLAB. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisFor advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in System Simulation or Simulation and Modeling. This text introduces computational and mathematical techniques for modeling, simulating, and analyzing the performance of various systems. Its goal is to help students gain a better understanding of how systems operate and respond to change by: 1) helping them begin to model, simulate, and analyze simple-but- representative systems as soon as possible; and 2) whenever possible, encourage the experimental exploration and self-discovery of theoretical results before their formal presentation. The authors' approachable writing style emphasizes concepts and insight without sacrificing rigor.

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Book SynopsisEd Carryer is the Director of the Smart Product Design Laboratory (SPDL) in the Design Division of Mechanical Engineering at Stanford University. He is currently a Consulting Professor in the Design Division of Mechanical Engineering. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University in 1992. Prior to that, he received an M.S. in Bio-Medical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1978. His B.S.E. was awarded from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1975, where he was a member (1/3) of the first graduating class of the Education and Experience in Engineering (E 3)program. Dr. Carryer's industrial experience varies wildly, from designing water treatment facilities for coal and nuclear power plants for Sargent & Lundy to designing the electronic controller for an Arctic Heated Glove under contract to NASA. He spent eight years in the Detroit area working in and about the auto industry. During that time he workTrade Review“Very comprehensive…Well written with good HW problems.” — Larry Banta, West Virginia University “What I love about this book is that it puts much of what we teach in one text allowing the students to study in more depth the details their projects require." — Daniel J. Block, University of Illinois “I expect this to become the gold standard for Mechatronics classes for years to come.” — David Fisher, Rose-Hulman “I was very impressed with the organization of the material and the level of knowledge the authors bring to each topic. I was also impressed with the concise and clear way topics are introduced and explained.” — David Fisher, Rose-Hulman “I think that’s great! My students get an introduction to Mechatronics then have a textbook to take with them after the course that they can continue to use and learn from.” — David Fisher, Rose-Hulman “The authors really know their stuff and offer good guidelines, rules of thumb, and advice on dealing with real electronics, actuators, and sensors. I also really enjoyed the project discussion and trying to put into words what needs to happen in a good design process!” — David Fisher, Rose-Hulman “The best features of the proposed text are its breadth and its detailed coverage of practical electronics.” — William R. Murray, California Polytechnic State University “The textbook is overflowing with information. There is traditional analysis, an extensive survey of current hardware (sensors, actuators, computer hardware), practical advice (do’s & don’t’s). There is a lot to assimilate with many useful chapters that contain pedagogical examples and a wealth of practical information.” — Mark Nagurka, Marquette University “The textbook is applied and not just a theoretical product. It reflects years of hardware experience from the authors.” — Mark Nagurka, Marquette University “This one volume includes many subjects that are part of the enterprise of mechatronics. The book has exceptionally strong coverage of microcontrollers.” — Mark Nagurka, Marquette University Table of ContentsPart 1: Introduction Preface Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Philosophy 1.3 Who Should Study Mechatronics? 1.3 How to Use this Book 1.4 Summary Part 2: Software Chapter 2 What’s a Micro? 2.1 Introduction 2.2 What IS a “Micro”? 2.3 Microprocessors, Microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors (DSP’s) and More 2.4 Microcontroller Architecture 2.5 The Central Processing Unit (CPU) 2.5.1 Representing Numbers in the Digital Domain 2.5.2 The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) 2.6 The Data Bus and the Address Bus 2.7 Memory 2.8 Subsystems and Peripherals 2.9 Von Neumann Architecture 2.10 The Harvard Architecture 2.11 Real World Examples 2.11.1 The Freescale MC9S12C32 Microcontroller 2.11.2 The Microchip PIC12F609 Microcontroller 2.12 Where to Find More Information 2.13 Homework Problems Chapter 3 Microcontroller Math and Number Manipulation 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Number Bases and Counting 3.3 Representing Negative Numbers 3.4 Data Types 3.5 Sizes of Common Data Types 3.6 Arithmetic on Fixed Size Variables 3.7 Modulo Arithmetic 3.8 Math Shortcuts 3.8 Boolean Algebra 3.9 Manipulating Individual Bits 3.10 Testing Individual Bits 3.11 Homework Problems Chapter 4: Programming Languages 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Machine Language 4.3 Assembly Language 4.4 High-Level Languages 4.5 Interpreters 4.6 Compilers 4.7 Hybrid Compiler/Interpreters 4.8 Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) 4.9 Choosing a Programming Language 4.10 Homework Problems Chapter 5: Program Structures for Embedded Systems 5.1 Background 5.2 Event Driven Programming 5.3 Event Checkers 5.4 Services 5.5 Building an Event Driven Program 5.6 An Example 5.7 Summary of Event Driven Programming 5.8 State Machines 5.9 A State Machine in Software 5.10 The Cockroach Example as a State Machine 5.11 Summary Homework Problems Chapter 6 Software Design 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Building as a Metaphor for Creating Software 6.3 Introducing Some Software Design Techniques 6.3.1 Decomposition 6.3.2 Abstraction and Information Hiding 6.3.3 Pseudo-Code 6.4 Software Design Process 6.4.1 Generating Requirements 6.4.2 Defining the Program Architecture 6.4.3 The Performance Specification 6.4.4 The Interface Specification 6.4.5 Detail Design 6.4.6 Implementation 6.4.6.1 Intra-Module Organization 6.4.6.2 Writing the Code 6.4.7 Unit Testing 6.4.8 Integration 6.5 The Sample Problem 6.5.1 Requirements for the Morse Code Receiver 6.5.2 The Morse Code Receiver System Architecture 6.5.3 The Morse Code Receiver Software Architecture 6.5.4 The Morse Code Receiver Performance Specifications 6.5.5 The Morse Code Receiver Interface Specification 6.5.5.1 The Button Module Interface Specification 6.5.5.2 The Morse Elements Module Interface Specification 6.5.5.3 The Morse Decode Module Interface Specification 6.5.5.4 The LCD Display Module Interface Specification 6.5.6 The Morse Code Receiver Detail Design 6.5.6.1 Button Module Detail Design 6.5.6.2 Morse Elements Detail Design 6.5.6.3 Morse Decode Detail Design 6.5.6.4 Display Detail Design 6.5.6.5 Main Detail Design 6.5.7 The Morse Code Receiver Implementation 6.5.8 The Morse Code Receiver Unit Testing. 6-28 6.5.9 The Morse Code Receiver Integration 6.6 Homework Problems Chapter 7 Communications 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Without a Medium, there is no Message 7.3: Bit-Parallel and Bit-Serial Communications 7.3.1: Bit-Serial Communications 7.3.1.1: Synchronous Serial Communications 7.3.1.2: Asynchronous Serial Communications 7.3.2: Bit Parallel Communications 7.4: Signaling Levels 7.4.1: TTL/CMOS Levels 7.4.2: RS-232 7.4.3: RS-485 7.5: Communicating Over Limited Bandwidth Channels 7.5.1: Telephones and Modems 7.5.1.1: Modulation Techniques 7.5.1.2: Amplitude Modulation (AM) 7.5.1.3: Frequency Modulation (FM) 7.5.1.4: Phase Modulation (PM) 7.5.1.5: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) 7.6: Communicating with Light 7.7: Communicating over a Radio 7.7.1: RF Remote Controls 7.7.2: RF Data Links 7.7.3: RF Networks 7.8: Homework Problems Chapter 8 : Microcontroller Peripherals 8.1 : Accessing the Control Registers 8.2 : The Parallel Input/Output Subsystem 8.2.1 : The Data Direction Register 8.2.2 : The Input/Output Register(s) 8.2.3 : Shared Function Pins 8.3 : Timer Subsystems 8.3.1 : Timer Basics 8.3.2 : Timer Overflow 8.3.3 : Output Compare 8.3.4 : Input Capture 8.3.5 : Combining Input Capture and Output Compare to Control an Engine 8.4 : Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 8.5 : PWM Using the Output Compare System 8.6 : The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter Subsystem 8.6.1 : The Process for Converting an Analog Input to a Digital Value 8.6.2 : The A/D Converter Clock 8.6.3 : Multiplexer Switching Transients and DC Effects 8.6.4 : Automating the A/D Conversion Process 8.7 : Homework Problems Part 3: Electronics Chapter 9 Basic Circuit Analysis and Passive Components 9.1 Voltage, Current and Power 9.2 Circuits and Ground 9.3 Laying Down the Laws 9.4 Resistance 9.4.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel 9.4.2 The Voltage Divider 9.5 Thevenin Equivalents 9.6 Capacitors 9.6.1 Capacitors in Series and Parallel 9.6.2 Capacitors and Time-Varying Signals 9.7 Inductors 9.7.1 Inductors and Time-Varying Signals 9.8 The Time and Frequency Domains 9.9 Circuit Analysis with Multiple Component Types 9.9.1 Basic RC Circuit Configurations 9.9.2 Low-Pass RC Filter Behavior in the Time Domain 9.9.3 High-Pass RC Filter Behavior in the Time Domain 9.9.4 RL Circuit Behavior in the Time Domain 9.9.5 Low-Pass RC Filter Behavior in the Frequency Domain 9.9.6 High-Pass RC Filter Behavior in the Frequency Domain 9.9.7 High-Pass RC Filter with a DC Bias 9.10 Simulation Tools 9.10.1 Limitations of Simulation Tools 9.11 Real Voltage Sources 9.12 Real Measurements 9.12.1 Measuring Voltage 9.12.2 Measuring Current 9.13 Real Resistors 9.13.1 A Model for a Real Resistor 9.13.2 Resistor Construction Basics 9.13.3 Carbon Film Resistors 9.13.4 Metal Film Resistors 9.13.5 Power Dissipation in Resistors 9.13.6 Potentiometers 9.13.7 Multi-Resistor Packages 9.13.8 Choosing Resistors 9.14 Real Capacitors 9.14.1 A Model for a Real Capacitor 9.14.2 Capacitor Construction Basics 9.14.3 Polar vs. Non-Polar Capacitors 9.14.4 Ceramic Disk Capacitors 9.14.5 Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors 9.14.6 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors 9.14.7 Tantalum Capacitors 9.14.8 Film Capacitors 9.14.9 Electric Double Layer Capacitors / Super capacitors 9.14.10 Capacitor Labeling 9.14.10.1 Ceramic Capacitor (Disc and MLC) Labeling 9.14.10.2 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Labeling 9.14.10.3 Tantalum Capacitor Labeling 9.14.10.4 Film Capacitor Labeling 9.14.11 Choosing a Capacitor 9.15 Homework Problems Chapter 10 Semiconductors 10.1 Doping, Holes and Electrons 10.2 Diodes 10.2.1 The VI Characteristic for Diodes 10.2.2 The Magnitude of Vf 10.2.3 Reverse Recovery 10.2.4 Schottky Diodes 10.2.5 Zener Diodes 10.2.6 Light Emitting Diodes 10.2.7 Photo-Diodes 10.3 Bipolar Junction Transistors 10.3.1 The Darlington Pair 10.3.2 The Photo-Transistor 10.4 MOSFETs 10.5 hoosing Between BJTs and MOSFETs 10.5.1 When Will a BJT be the Best (or Only) Choice? 10.5.2 When Will a MOSFET be the Best (or Only) Choice? 10.5.3 How Do You Choose When Either a MOSFET or a BJT Could Work? 10.6 Multi-Transistor Circuits 10.7 Reading Transistor Data Sheets 10.7.1 Reading a BJT Data Sheet 10.7.2 Reading a MOSFET Data Sheet 10.7.3 A Sample Application 10.7.4 A Potpourri of Transistor Circuits 10.8 Homework Problems Chapter 11 : Operational Amplifiers 11.1 : Operational Amplifier Behavior 11.2 : Negative Feedback 11.3 : The Ideal Op-Amp 11.4 : Analyzing Op-Amp Circuits 11.4.1 : The Golden Rules 11.4.2 : The Non-Inverting Op-Amp Configuration 11.4.3 : The Inverting Op-Amp Configuration 11.4.3.1 : The Virtual Ground 11.4.3.2 : There is Nothing Magic About Ground 11.4.4 : The Unity Gain Buffer 11.4.5 : The Difference Amplifier Configuration 11.4.6 : The Summer Configuration 11.4.7 : The Trans-Resistive Configuration 11.4.8 : Computation with Op-Amps 11.5 : The Comparator 11.5.1 : Comparator Circuits 11.6 : Homework Problems Chapter 12 : Real Operational Amplifiers and Comparators 12.1 : Real Op-Amp Characteristics — How the Ideal Assumptions Fail 12.1.1 : Non-Infinite Gain 12.1.2 : Variation in Open Loop Gain with Frequency 12.1.3 : Input Current is Not Zero 12.1.3.1 : Input Bias Current and Input Offset Current 12.1.3.2 : Input Impedance 12.1.4 : The Output Voltage Source is Not Ideal 12.1.5 : Other Non-Idealities 12.1.5.1 : Input Offset Voltage 12.1.5.2 : Power Supplies 12.1.5.3 : Input Common Mode Voltage Range 12.1.5.5 : Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio 12.1.5.6 : Temperature Effects 12.2 : Reading an Op-Amp Data Sheet 12.2.1 : Maxima, Minima and Typical Values 12.2.2 : The Front Page 12.2.3 : The Absolute Maximum Ratings Section 12.2.4 : The Electrical Characteristics Section 12.2.5 : The Packaging Section 12.2.6 : The Typical Applications Section 12.3 : Reading a Comparator Data Sheet 12.3.1 : Comparator Packaging 12.4 : Comparing Op-Amps 12.5 : Homework Problems Chapter 13 Sensors 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Sensor Output & Microcontroller Inputs 13.3 Sensor Design 13.3.1 Measuring Temperature with a Thermistor 13.3.2 Measuring Acceleration 13.3.3 Definitions of Sensor Performance Characteristics 13.4 Fundamental Sensors and Interface Circuits 13.4.1 Switches as Sensors 13.4.2 Interfacing to Switches 13.4.3 Resistive Sensors 13.4.4 Interfacing to Resistive Sensors 13.4.4.1 Using a Resistive Sensor in a Voltage Divider 13.4.4.2 Measuring Resistance Using a Current Source 13.4.4.3 The Constant Current Circuit 13.4.4.4 The Wheatstone Bridge 13.4.5 Capacitive Sensors 13.4.6 Interfacing to Capacitive Sensors 13.4.6.1 Measuring Capacitance with a Step Input 13.4.6.2 Measuring Capacitance with an Oscillator 13.4.6.3 Measuring Capacitance with a Wheatstone Bridge 13.5 A Survey of Sensors 13.5.1 Light Sensors 13.5.1.1 Photodiodes 13.5.1.2 Phototransistors 13.5.1.3 Emitter-Detector Pair Modules 13.5.1.4 Photocells 13.5.2 Strain Sensors 13.5.2.1 Metal Foil Strain Gages 13.5.2.2 Piezoresistive Strain Gages 13.5.2.3 Load Cells 13.5.3 Temperature Sensors 13.5.3.1 Thermocouples 13.5.3.2 Thermistors 13.5.4 Magnetic Field Sensors 13.5.4.1 Hall Effect Sensors 13.5.4.3 Reed Switches 13.5.5 Proximity Sensors 13.5.5.1 Capacitive Proximity Sensors 13.5.5.2 Inductive Proximity Sensors 13.5.5.3 Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors 13.5.6 Position Sensors 13.5.6.1 Potentiometers 13.5.6.2 Optical Encoders 13.5.6.3 Inductive Pickups / Gear Tooth Sensors 13.5.6.4 Reflective Infrared Sensors 13.5.6.5 Capacitive Displacement Sensors 13.5.6.6 Ultrasonic Displacement Sensors 13.5.6.7 Flex Sensors 13.5.7 Acceleration Sensors

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xIntroduction 11. What is a Neural Network? 12. The Human Brain 63. Models of a Neuron 104. Neural Networks Viewed As Directed Graphs 155. Feedback 186. Network Architectures 217. Knowledge Representation 248. Learning Processes 349. Learning Tasks 3810. Concluding Remarks 45Notes and References 46 Chapter 1 Rosenblatt’s Perceptron 471.1 Introduction 471.2. Perceptron 481.3. The Perceptron Convergence Theorem 501.4. Relation Between the Perceptron and Bayes Classifier for a Gaussian Environment 551.5. Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 601.6. The Batch Perceptron Algorithm 621.7. Summary and Discussion 65Notes and References 66Problems 66 Chapter 2 Model Building through Regression 682.1 Introduction 682.2 Linear Regression Model: Preliminary Considerations 692.3 Maximum a Posteriori Estimation of the Parameter Vector 712.4 Relationship Between Regularized Least-Squares Estimation and MAP Estimation 762.5 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 772.6 The Minimum-Description-Length Principle 792.7 Finite Sample-Size Considerations 822.8 The Instrumental-Variables Method 862.9 Summary and Discussion 88Notes and References 89Problems 89 Chapter 3 The Least-Mean-Square Algorithm 913.1 Introduction 913.2 Filtering Structure of the LMS Algorithm 923.3 Unconstrained Optimization: a Review 943.4 The Wiener Filter 1003.5 The Least-Mean-Square Algorithm 1023.6 Markov Model Portraying the Deviation of the LMS Algorithm from the Wiener Filter 1043.7 The Langevin Equation: Characterization of Brownian Motion 1063.8 Kushner’s Direct-Averaging Method 1073.9 Statistical LMS Learning Theory for Small Learning-Rate Parameter 1083.10 Computer Experiment I: Linear Prediction 1103.11 Computer Experiment II: Pattern Classification 1123.12 Virtues and Limitations of the LMS Algorithm 1133.13 Learning-Rate Annealing Schedules 1153.14 Summary and Discussion 117Notes and References 118Problems 119 Chapter 4 Multilayer Perceptrons 1224.1 Introduction 1234.2 Some Preliminaries 1244.3 Batch Learning and On-Line Learning 1264.4 The Back-Propagation Algorithm 1294.5 XOR Problem 1414.6 Heuristics for Making the Back-Propagation Algorithm Perform Better 1444.7 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 1504.8 Back Propagation and Differentiation 1534.9 The Hessian and Its Role in On-Line Learning 1554.10 Optimal Annealing and Adaptive Control of the Learning Rate 1574.11 Generalization 1644.12 Approximations of Functions 1664.13 Cross-Validation 1714.14 Complexity Regularization and Network Pruning 1754.15 Virtues and Limitations of Back-Propagation Learning 1804.16 Supervised Learning Viewed as an Optimization Problem 1864.17 Convolutional Networks 2014.18 Nonlinear Filtering 2034.19 Small-Scale Versus Large-Scale Learning Problems 2094.20 Summary and Discussion 217Notes and References 219Problems 221 Chapter 5 Kernel Methods and Radial-Basis Function Networks 2305.1 Introduction 2305.2 Cover’s Theorem on the Separability of Patterns 2315.3 The Interpolation Problem 2365.4 Radial-Basis-Function Networks 2395.5 K-Means Clustering 2425.6 Recursive Least-Squares Estimation of the Weight Vector 2455.7 Hybrid Learning Procedure for RBF Networks 2495.8 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 2505.9 Interpretations of the Gaussian Hidden Units 2525.10 Kernel Regression and Its Relation to RBF Networks 2555.11 Summary and Discussion 259Notes and References 261Problems 263 Chapter 6 Support Vector Machines 2686.1 Introduction 2686.2 Optimal Hyperplane for Linearly Separable Patterns 2696.3 Optimal Hyperplane for Nonseparable Patterns 2766.4 The Support Vector Machine Viewed as a Kernel Machine 2816.5 Design of Support Vector Machines 2846.6 XOR Problem 2866.7 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 2896.8 Regression: Robustness Considerations 2896.9 Optimal Solution of the Linear Regression Problem 2936.10 The Representer Theorem and Related Issues 2966.11 Summary and Discussion 302Notes and References 304Problems 307 Chapter 7 Regularization Theory 3137.1 Introduction 3137.2 Hadamard’s Conditions for Well-Posedness 3147.3 Tikhonov’s Regularization Theory 3157.4 Regularization Networks 3267.5 Generalized Radial-Basis-Function Networks 3277.6 The Regularized Least-Squares Estimator: Revisited 3317.7 Additional Notes of Interest on Regularization 3357.8 Estimation of the Regularization Parameter 3367.9 Semisupervised Learning 3427.10 Manifold Regularization: Preliminary Considerations 3437.11 Differentiable Manifolds 3457.12 Generalized Regularization Theory 3487.13 Spectral Graph Theory 3507.14 Generalized Representer Theorem 3527.15 Laplacian Regularized Least-Squares Algorithm 3547.16 Experiments on Pattern Classification Using Semisupervised Learning 3567.17 Summary and Discussion 359Notes and References 361Problems 363 Chapter 8 Principal-Components Analysis 3678.1 Introduction 3678.2 Principles of Self-Organization 3688.3 Self-Organized Feature Analysis 3728.4 Principal-Components Analysis: Perturbation Theory 3738.5 Hebbian-Based Maximum Eigenfilter 3838.6 Hebbian-Based Principal-Components Analysis 3928.7 Case Study: Image Coding 3988.8 Kernel Principal-Components Analysis 4018.9 Basic Issues Involved in the Coding of Natural Images 4068.10 Kernel Hebbian Algorithm 4078.11 Summary and Discussion 412Notes and References 415Problems 418 Chapter 9 Self-Organizing Maps 4259.1 Introduction 4259.2 Two Basic Feature-Mapping Models 4269.3 Self-Organizing Map 4289.4 Properties of the Feature Map 4379.5 Computer Experiments I: Disentangling Lattice Dynamics Using SOM 4459.6 Contextual Maps 4479.7 Hierarchical Vector Quantization 4509.8 Kernel Self-Organizing Map 4549.9 Computer Experiment II: Disentangling Lattice Dynamics Using Kernel SOM 4629.10 Relationship Between Kernel SOM and Kullback—Leibler Divergence 4649.11 Summary and Discussion 466Notes and References 468Problems 470 Chapter 10 Information-Theoretic Learning Models 47510.1 Introduction 47610.2 Entropy 47710.3 Maximum-Entropy Principle 48110.4 Mutual Information 48410.5 Kullback—Leibler Divergence 48610.6 Copulas 48910.7 Mutual Information as an Objective Function to be Optimized 49310.8 Maximum Mutual Information Principle 49410.9 Infomax and Redundancy Reduction 49910.10 Spatially Coherent Features 50110.11 Spatially Incoherent Features 50410.12 Independent-Components Analysis 50810.13 Sparse Coding of Natural Images and Comparison with ICA Coding 51410.14 Natural-Gradient Learning for Independent-Components Analysis 51610.15 Maximum-Likelihood Estimation for Independent-Components Analysis 52610.16 Maximum-Entropy Learning for Blind Source Separation 52910.17 Maximization of Negentropy for Independent-Components Analysis 53410.18 Coherent Independent-Components Analysis 54110.19 Rate Distortion Theory and Information Bottleneck 54910.20 Optimal Manifold Representation of Data 55310.21 Computer Experiment: Pattern Classification 56010.22 Summary and Discussion 561Notes and References 564Problems 572 Chapter 11 Stochastic Methods Rooted in Statistical Mechanics 57911.1 Introduction 58011.2 Statistical Mechanics 58011.3 Markov Chains 58211.4 Metropolis Algorithm 59111.5 Simulated Annealing 59411.6 Gibbs Sampling 59611.7 Boltzmann Machine 59811.8 Logistic Belief Nets 60411.9 Deep Belief Nets 60611.10 Deterministic Annealing 61011.11 Analogy of Deterministic Annealing with Expectation-Maximization Algorithm 61611.12 Summary and Discussion 617Notes and References 619Problems 621 Chapter 12 Dynamic Programming 62712.1 Introduction 62712.2 Markov Decision Process 62912.3 Bellman’s Optimality Criterion 63112.4 Policy Iteration 63512.5 Value Iteration 63712.6 Approximate Dynamic Programming: Direct Methods 64212.7 Temporal-Difference Learning 64312.8 Q-Learning 64812.9 Approximate Dynamic Programming: Indirect Methods 65212.10 Least-Squares Policy Evaluation 65512.11 Approximate Policy Iteration 66012.12 Summary and Discussion 663Notes and References 665Problems 668 Chapter 13 Neurodynamics 67213.1 Introduction 67213.2 Dynamic Systems 67413.3 Stability of Equilibrium States 67813.4 Attractors 68413.5 Neurodynamic Models 68613.6 Manipulation of Attractors as a Recurrent Network Paradigm 68913.7 Hopfield Model 69013.8 The Cohen—Grossberg Theorem 70313.9 Brain-State-In-A-Box Model 70513.10 Strange Attractors and Chaos 71113.11 Dynamic Reconstruction of a Chaotic Process 71613.12 Summary and Discussion 722Notes and References 724Problems 727 Chapter 14 Bayseian Filtering for State Estimation of Dynamic Systems 73114.1 Introduction 73114.2 State-Space Models 73214.3 Kalman Filters 73614.4 The Divergence-Phenomenon and Square-Root Filtering 74414.5 The Extended Kalman Filter 75014.6 The Bayesian Filter 75514.7 Cubature Kalman Filter: Building on the Kalman Filter 75914.8 Particle Filters 76514.9 Computer Experiment: Comparative Evaluation of Extended Kalman and Particle Filters 77514.10 Kalman Filtering in Modeling of Brain Functions 77714.11 Summary and Discussion 780Notes and References 782Problems 784 Chapter 15 Dynamically Driven Recurrent Networks 79015.1 Introduction 79015.2 Recurrent Network Architectures 79115.3 Universal Approximation Theorem 79715.4 Controllability and Observability 79915.5 Computational Power of Recurrent Networks 80415.6 Learning Algorithms 80615.7 Back Propagation Through Time 80815.8 Real-Time Recurrent Learning 81215.9 Vanishing Gradients in Recurrent Networks 81815.10 Supervised Training Framework for Recurrent Networks Using Nonlinear Sequential State Estimators 82215.11 Computer Experiment: Dynamic Reconstruction of Mackay—Glass Attractor 82915.12 Adaptivity Considerations 83115.13 Case Study: Model Reference Applied to Neurocontrol 83315.14 Summary and Discussion 835Notes and References 839Problems 842Bibliography 845Index 889

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Book SynopsisAnthony J. Wheeler received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Stanford University in 1971. Dr. Wheeler is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of California. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Engineering at San Francisco State University where he taught courses in Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, and lectures and laboratories in Experimental Methods. His development activities in laboratories in experimentation were the precursors to the present textbook.   Professor Ahmad R. Ganji received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1979. He is a professional engineer in the State of California. He has served as a faculty member at San Francisco State University since 1987, teaching courses in the areas of thermal-fluids, experimentation, and air pollution, and publishing over 40 works. Dr. Ganji has been the director of Industrial Assessment Centera US DOE sponsored project Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 General Characteristics of Measurement Systems CHAPTER 3 Measurement Systems with Electrical Signals CHAPTER 4 Computerized Data-Acquisition Systems CHAPTER 5 Discrete Sampling and Analysis of Time-Varying Signals CHAPTER 6 Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data CHAPTER 7 Experimental Uncertainty Analysis CHAPTER 8 Measurement of Solid-Mechanical Quantities CHAPTER 9 Measuring Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity CHAPTER 10 Measuring Fluid Flow Rate, Fluid Velocity, Fluid Level, and Combustion Pollutants CHAPTER 11 Dynamic Behavior of Measurement Systems CHAPTER 12 Guidelines for Planning and Documenting Experiments Answers to Selected Problems APPENDIX A Computational Methods for Chapter 5 APPENDIX B Selected Properties of Substances Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisProfessor John M. Parr received his Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Auburn University in 1969, an MSEE from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1974, and a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Auburn University in 1988.  A retired U.S. Navy Officer, he served as a Program Manager/Project Engineer at Naval Electronic Systems Command in Washington, DC and Officer in Charge - Naval Ammunition Production Engineering Center, Crane, Indiana in addition to sea duty in five ships. Dr. Parr participated in research related to the Space Defense Initiative at Auburn University before joining the faculty at the University of Evansville. Dr. Parr is a co-author of another successful Electrical Engineering textbook, Signals, System and Transforms, by Phillips, Parr and Riskin. He is a registered professional engineer in Indiana, and is a member of the scientific research society Sigma Xi, the American Society of Engineering Educators (ASEE), and a Senior MembeTrade ReviewThis book presents mathematically oriented classical control theory in a concise manner such that undergraduate students are not overwhelmed by the complexity of the materials. In each chapter, it is organized such that the more advanced material is placed toward the end of the chapter.Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Control Problem 1.2 Examples of Control Systems 1.3 Short History of Control References 2 MODELS OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 2.1 System Modeling 2.2 Electrical Circuits 2.3 Block Diagrams and Signal Flow Graphs 2.4 Masonís Gain Formula 2.5 Mechanical Translational Systems 2.6 Mechanical Rotational Systems 2.7 Electromechanical Systems 2.8 Sensors 2.9 Temperature-control System 2.10 Analogous Systems 2.11 Transformers and Gears 2.12 Robotic Control System 2.13 System Identification 2.14 Linearization 2.15 Summary References Problems 3 STATE-VARIABLE MODELS 3.1 State-Variable Modeling 3.2 Simulation Diagrams 3.3 Solution of State Equations 3.4 Transfer Functions 3.5 Similarity Transformations 3.6 Digital Simulation 3.7 Controls Software 3.8 Analog Simulation 3.9 Summary References Problems 4 SYSTEM RESPONSES 4.1 Time Response of First-Order Systems 4.2 Time Response of Second-order Systems 4.3 Time Response Specifications in Design 4.4 Frequency Response of Systems 4.5 Time and Frequency Scaling 4.6 Response of Higher-order Systems 4.7 Reduced-order Models 4.8 Summary References Problems 5 CONTROL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 5.1 Closed-loop Control System 5.2 Stability 5.3 Sensitivity 5.4 Disturbance Rejection 5.5 Steady-state Accuracy 5.6 Transient Response 5.7 Closed-loop Frequency Response 5.8 Summary References Problems 6 STABILITY ANALYSIS 6.1 Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion 6.2 Roots of the Characteristic Equation 6.3 Stability by Simulation 6.4 Summary Problems 7 ROOT-LOCUS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 7.1 Root-Locus Principles 7.2 Some Root-Locus Techniques 7.3 Additional Root-Locus Techniques 7.4 Additional Properties of the Root Locus 7.5 Other Configurations 7.6 Root-Locus Design 7.7 Phase-lead Design 7.8 Analytical Phase-Lead Design 7.9 Phase-Lag Design 7.10 PID Design 7.11 Analytical PID Design 7.12 Complementary Root Locus 7.13 Compensator Realization 7.14 Summary References Problems 8 FREQUENCY-RESPONSE ANALYSIS 8.1 Frequency Responses 8.2 Bode Diagrams 8.3 Additional Terms 8.4 Nyquist Criterion 8.5 Application of the Nyquist Criterion 8.6 Relative Stability and the Bode Diagram 8.7 Closed-Loop Frequency Response 8.8 Summary References Problems 9 FREQUENCY-RESPONSE DESIGN 9.1 Control System Specifications 9.2 Compensation 9.3 Gain Compensation 9.4 Phase-Lag Compensation 9.5 Phase-Lead Compensation 9.6 Analytical Design 9.7 Lag-Lead Compensation 9.8 PID Controller Design 9.9 Analytical PID Controller Design 9.10 PID Controller Implementation 9.11 Frequency-Response Software 9.12 Summary References Problems 10 MODERN CONTROL DESIGN 10.1 Pole-Placement Design 10.2 Ackermannís Formula 10.3 State Estimation 10.4 Closed-Loop System Characteristics 10.5 Reduced-Order Estimators 10.6 Controllability and Observability 10.7 Systems with Inputs 10.8 Summary References Problems 11 DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS 11.1 Discrete-Time System 11.2 Transform Methods 11.3 Theorems of the z-Transform 11.4 Solution of Difference Equations 11.5 Inverse z-Transform 11.6 Simulation Diagrams and Flow Graphs 11.7 State Variables 11.8 Solution of State Equations 11.9 Summary References Problems 12 SAMPLED-DATA SYSTEMS 12.1 Sampled Data 12.2 Ideal Sampler 12.3 Properties of the Starred Transform 12.4 Data Reconstruction 12.5 Pulse Transfer Function 12.6 Open-Loop Systems Containing Digital Filters 12.7 Closed-Loop Discrete-Time Systems 12.8 Transfer Functions for Closed-Loop Systems 12.9 State Variables for Sampled-Data Systems 12.10 Summary References Problems 13 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 13.1 Two Examples 13.2 Discrete System Stability 13.3 Juryís Test 13.4 Mapping the s-Plane into the z-Plane 13.5 Root Locus 13.6 Nyquist Criterion 13.7 Bilinear Transformation 13.8 RouthñHurwitz Criterion 13.9 Bode Diagram 13.10 Steady-State Accuracy 13.11 Design of Digital Control Systems 13.12 Phase-Lag Design 13.13 Phase-Lead Design 13.14 Digital PID Controllers 13.15 Root-Locus Design 13.16 Summary References Problems 14 DISCRETE-TIME POLE-ASSIGNMENT AND STATE ESTIMATION 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Pole Assignment 14.3 State Estimtion 14.4 Reduced-Order Observers 14.5 Current Observers 14.6 Controllability and Observability 14.7 Systems and Inputs 14.8 Summary References Problems 15 NONLINEAR SYSTEM ANALYSIS 15.1 Nonlinear System Definitions and Properties 15.2 Review of the Nyquist Criterion 15.3 Describing Function 15.4 Derivations of Describing Functions 15.5 Use of the Describing Function 15.6 Stability of Limit Cycles 15.7 Design 15.8 Application to Other Systems 15.9 Linearization 15.10 Equilibrium States and Lyapunov Stability 15.11 State Plane Analysis 15.12 Linear-System Response 15.13 Summary References Problems APPENDICES A Matrices B Laplace Transform C Laplace Transform and z-Transform Tables D MATLAB Commands Used in This Text E Answers to Selected Problems INDEX

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Introduction. 2. Steels and Properties. 3. Tension Members. 4. Structural Fasteners. 5. Welding. 6. Compression Members. 7. Beams: Laterally Supported. 8. Torsion. 9. Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Beams. 10. Continuous Beams. 11. Plate Girders. 12. Combined Bending and Axial Load. 13. Connections. 14. Frames–Braced and Unbraced. 15. Design of Rigid Frames. 16. Composite Steel–Concrete Construction.

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Book SynopsisThis edition is suitable as a text for Chemical Process Dynamics or Introductory Chemical Process Control courses at the junior/senior level. Also, for Numerical Methods courses in chemical engineering. The goal of this book is to provide an introduction to the modeling, analysis, and simulation of the dynamic behavior of chemical processes.Table of ContentsI. PROCESS MODELING. 1. Introduction. Motivation. Models. Systems. Background of the Reader. How To Use This Textbook. Courses Where This Textbook Can Be Used. 2. Process Modeling. Background. Balance Equations. Material Balances. Constitutive Relationships. Material and Energy Balances. Distributes Parameter Systems. Dimensionless Models. Explicit Solutions to Dynamic Models. General Form of Dynamic Models. II. NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES. 3. Algebraic Equations. Notations. General Form for a Linear System of Equations. Nonlinear Functions of a Single Variable. MATLAB Routines for Solving Functions of a Single Variable. Multivariable Systems. MATLAB Routines for Systems of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations. 4. Numerical Integration. Background. Euler Integration. Runge-Kutta Integration. MATLAB Integration Routines. III. LINEAR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. 5. Linearization of Nonlinear Models: The State-Space Formulation. State Space Models. Linearization of Nonlinear Models. Interpretation of Linearization. Solution of the Zero-Input Form. Solution of the General State-Space Form. MATLAB Routines step and initial. 6. Solving Linear nth Order ODE Models. Background. Solving Homogeneous, Linear ODEs with Constant Coefficients. Solving Nonhomogeneous, Linear ODEs with Constant Coefficients. Equations with Time-Varying Parameters. Routh Stability Criterion—Determining Stability Without Calculating Eigenvalues. 7. An Introduction to Laplace Transforms. Motivation. Definition of the Laplace Transform. Examples of Laplace Transforms. Final and Initial Value Theorems. Application Examples. Table of Laplace Transforms. 8. Transfer Function Analysis of First-Order Systems. Perspective. Responses of First-Order Systems. Examples of Self-Regulating Processes. Integrating Processes. Lead-Lag Models. 9. Transfer Function Analysis of Higher-Order Systems. Responses of Second-Order Systems. Second-Order Systems with Numerator Dynamics. The Effect of Pole-Zero Locations on System Step Responses. Pad Approximation for Deadtime. Converting the Transfer Function Model to State-Space Form. MATLAB Routines for Step and Impulse Response. 10. Matrix Transfer Functions. A Second-Order Example. The General Method. MATLAB Routine ss2tf. 11. Block Diagrams. Introduction to Block Diagrams. Block Diagrams of Systems in Series. Pole-Zero Cancellation. Systems in Series. Blocks in Parallel. Feedback and Recycle Systems. Routh Stability Criterion Applied to Transfer Functions. SIMULINK. 12. Linear Systems Summary. Background. Linear Boundary Value Problems. Review of Methods for Linear Initial Value Problems. Introduction to Discrete-Time Models. Parameter Estimation of Discrete Linear Systems. IV. NONLINEAR SYSTEMS ANALYSIS. 13. Phase-Plane Analysis. Background. Linear System Examples. Generalization of Phase-Plane Behavior. Nonlinear Systems. 14. Introduction Nonlinear Dynamics: A Case Study of the Quadratic Map. Background. A Simple Population Growth Model. A More Realistic Population Model. Cobweb Diagrams. Bifurcation and Orbit Diagrams. Stability of Fixed-Point Solutions. Cascade of Period-Doublings. Further Comments on Chaotic Behavior. 15. Bifurcation Behavior of Single ODE Systems. Motivation. Illustration of Bifurcation Behavior. Types of Bifurcations. 16. Bifurcation Behavior of Two-State Systems. Background. Single-Dimensional Bifurcations in the Phase-Plane. Limit Cycle Behavior. The Hopf Bifurcation. 17. Introduction to Chaos: The Lorenz Equations. Introduction. Background. The Lorenz Equations. Stability Analysis of the Lorenz Equations. Numerical Study of the Lorenz Equations. Chaos in Chemical Systems. Other Issues in Chaos. IV. REVIEW AND LEARNING MODULES. Module 1 Introduction to MATLAB. Module 2 Review of Matrix Algebra. Module 3 Linear Regression. Module 4 Introduction to SIMULINK. Module 5 Stirred Tank Heaters. Module 6 Absorption. Module 7 Isothermal Continuous Stirred Tank Chemical Reactors. Module 8 Biochemical Reactors. Module 9 Diabatic Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors. Module 10 Ideal Binary Distillation. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis exceptionally produced trainee guide features a highly illustrated design, technical hints and tips from industry experts, review questions and a whole lot more! Key content includes: DC Circuits, AC Circuits, Switching Devices and Timers, Semiconductors and Integrated Circuits, Test Equipment, Introduction to Electrical Drawings, Introduction to Codes and Standards, Cable Selection, Wire and Cable Terminations, Power Quality and Grounding.  Instructor SupplementsInstructors: Product supplements may be ordered directly through OASIS at http://oasis.pearson.com. For more information contact your Pearson NCCER/Contren Sales Specialist at http://nccer.pearsonconstructionbooks.com/store/sales.aspx.      Annotated Instructor's Guide (AIG) Paperback (Includes access code for Instructor Resource Center) 978-0-13-213713-3     TestGen Software and Test Questions - Ava

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Book SynopsisHassan Al Nageim is a Chartered Engineer and Professor of Structural Engineering at Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK. Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Loads on buildings and structures 3. Concurrent coplanar forces 4. Non-concurrent coplanar forces 5. Moments of forces 6. Framed structures 7. Construction materials 8. Shear force and bending moment 9. Properties of sections 10. Introduction to structural stability, durability and environmental conditions 11. Simple beam design to BS 5950, BS 5268, EC3 and EC5 12. Beams of two materials 13. Deflection of beams 14. Axially loaded columns 15. Connections to BS 5950 and EC3 16. Addition of direct and bending stresses 17. Portal frames and arches 18. Gravity retaining walls

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents(Total Level Hours: 100) 27204-01 Foundations and Flatwork (15 Hours) 27205-01 Concrete Forms (32.5 Hours) 27207-01 Handling and Placing Concrete (22.5 Hours) 27208-01 Manufactured Forms (22.5 Hours) 30116 Metal Decking (10 Hours) MT101 Introductory Skills for the Crew Leader (16 Hours)

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents Preface xvii Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 A Historical Perspective 1.2 A Current Global Issue 1.3 A Look to the Future References Chapter 2 Water Resources Planning and Management 2.1 Environmental Regulation and Protection 2.2 Security of Water Resources Systems 2.3 Watershed Management 2.4 Integrated Watershed Management 2.5 Role of Geographic Information Systems 2.6 Conclusions Problems References Chapter 3 The Hydrologic Cycle and Natural Water Sources 3.1 The Hydrologic Cycle The Water Budget 3.2 Mathematics of Hydrology 3.3 Water Quality 3.4 Soil Moisture Groundwater 3.5 An Introduction to Groundwater Quantity and Quality 3.6 The Subsurface Distribution of Water 3.7 Aquifers 3.8 Safe Yield of an Aquifer 3.9 Groundwater Flow 3.10 Hydraulics of Wells 3.11 Boundary Effects 3.12 Regional Groundwater Systems 3.13 Salt Water Intrusion 3.14 Groundwater Recharge 3.15 Concurrent Development of Groundwater and Surface Water Sources Surface Water 3.16 An Introduction to Surface Water Quantity and Quality 3.17 Surface Water Storage 3.18 Reservoirs 3.19 Losses from Storage 3.20 Impacts of Climate Change on Global Hydrology Problems References Chapter 4 Alternative Sources of Water Supply 4.1 Water Conservation 4.2 Wastewater Reuse 4.3 Stormwater Reuse 4.4 Brackish and Saline Water Conversion 4.5 Interbasin Transfers 4.6 Other Relevant Technologies Problems References Chapter 5 Water Use Trends and Forecasting 5.1 Water-Use Sectors 5.2 Factors Affecting Water Use 5.3 Water Use Trends 5.4 Population 5.5 Long-Term Water Use Forecasting Problems References Chapter 6 Conveying and Distributing Water Hydraulics 6.1 Introduction to Hydraulics 6.2 Uniform Flow 6.3 Gradually Varied Flow and Surface Profiles 6.4 Velocity Water Distribution Systems 6.5 General Design Considerations 6.6 Types of Distribution Systems 6.7 Distribution System Components 6.8 Distribution System Configutations Hydraulic Considerations 6.8 Hydraulic Design Pressure Considerations 6.9 General Design Sequence 6.10 Distribution Reservoirs and Service Storage Pumping 6.11 Pumping Head 6.12 Power 6.13 Cavitation 6.14 System Head 6.15 Pump Characteristics 6.16 Pump Curves Problems References Chapter 7 Wastewater Collection and Stormwater Engineering Design of Sanitary Sewers 7.1 House and Building Connections 7.2 Collection Systems 7.3 Intercepting Sewers 7.4 Materials 7.5 System Layout 7.6 Hydraulic Design 7.7 Protection Against Floodwaters 7.8 Wastewater Pump Stations 7.9 Inflow/Infiltration and Exfiltration Stormwater Management 7.10 Rainfall 7.11 Runoff 7.12 Collection and Conveyance 7.13 Storm Inlets 7.14 Stable Channel Design 7.15 Best Management Practices 7.16 Detention Pond Design 7.17 Retention Pond Design 7.18 Sustainability and Low Impact Development 7.19 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling Problems References Chapter 8 Water Quality Microbiological Quality 8.1 Waterborne Diseases 8.2 Coliform Bacteria as Indicator Organisms 8.3 Monitoring Drinking Water for Pathogens Chemical Quality of Drinking Water 8.4 Assessment of Chemical Quality 8.5 Chemical Contaminants Quality Criteria for Surface Waters 8.6 Water Quality Standards 8.7 Pollution Effects on Aquatic Life 8.8 Conventional Water Pollutants 8.9 Toxic Water Pollutants Selected Pollution Parameters 8.10 Total and Suspended Solids 8.11 Biochemical and Chemical Oxygen Demands 8.12 Coliform Bacteria Problems References Chapter 9 Systems for Treating Wastewater and Water Wastewater Treatment Systems 9.1 Purpose of Wastewater Treatment 9.2 Selection of Treatment Processes Water Treatment Systems 9.3 Water Sources 9.4 Selection of Water Treatment Processes 9.5 Types of Water Treatment Systems 9.6 Water-Processing Residuals Chapter 10 Physical Treatment Processes Flow-Measuring Devices 10.1 Measurement of Water Flow 10.2 Measurement of Wastewater Flow Screening Devices 10.3 Water-Intake Screens 10.4 Screens in Wastewater Treatment 10.5 Shredding Devices Mixing and Flocculation 10.6 Rapid Mixing 10.7 Flocculation Sedimentation 10.8 Fundamentals of Sedimentation 10.9 Types of Clarifiers 10.10 Sedimentation in Water Treatment 10.11 Sedimentation in Wastewater Treatment 10.12 Grit Chambers in Wastewater Treatment Filtration 10.13 Gravity Granular-Media Filtration 10.14 Description of a Typical Gravity Filter System 10.15 Flow Control Through Gravity Filters 10.16 Head Losses Through Filter Media 10.17 Backwashing and Media Fluidization 10.18 Pressure Filters 10.19 Membrane Filtration Problems References Chapter 11 Chemical Treatment Processes Chemical Considerations 11.1 Inorganic Chemicals and Compounds 11.2 Chemical Equilibria 11.3 Hydrogen Ion Concentration 11.4 Alkalinity and pH Relationships 11.5 Ways of Shifting Chemical Equilibria 11.6 Chemical Kinetics Reactions in Continuous-Flow Systems — Real and Ideal Reactors 11.7 Mass Balance Analysis 11.8 Residence Time Distribution 11.9 Ideal Reactors 11.10 Real Reactors Coagulation 11.11 Colloidal Dispersions 11.12 Natural Organic Matter 11.13 Coagulation Process 11.14 Coagulants Water Softening 11.15 Chemistry of Lime—Soda Ash Process 11.16 Process Variations in Lime—Soda Ash Softening 11.17 Other Methods of Water Softening Iron and Manganese Removal 11.18 Chemistry of Iron and Manganese 11.19 Preventive Treatment 11.20 Iron and Manganese Removal Processes Disinfection and By-Product Formation 11.21 Chlorine and Chloramines 11.22 Chlorine Dioxide 11.23 Ozone 11.24 Ultraviolet Radiation 11.25 Disinfection By-Products 11.26 Control of Disinfection By-Products 11.27 Disinfection/Disinfection By-Products Rule Disinfection of Potable Water 11.28 Concept of the Product 11.29 Surface Water Disinfection 11.30 Groundwater Disinfection Disinfection of Wastewater 11.31 Conventional Effluent Disinfection 11.32 Tertiary Effluent Disinfection Taste and Odor 11.33 Control of Taste and Odor Fluoridation 11.34 Fluoridation Corrosion and Corrosion Control 11.35 Electrochemical Mechanism of Iron Corrosion 11.36 Corrosion of Lead Pipe and Solder 11.37 Corrosion of Sewer Pipes Membrane Processes 11.38 Membrane Filtration 11.39 Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Volatile Organic Chemical Removal 11.40 Design of Air-Stripping Towers Synthetic Organic Chemical Removal 11.41 Activated Carbon Adsorption 11.42 Granular Activated Carbon Systems Reduction of Dissolved Salts 11.43 Distillation of Seawater 11.44 Ion Exchange Problems References Chapter 12 Biological Treatment Processes Biological Considerations 12.1 Bacteria and Fungi 12.2 Algae 12.3 Protozoa and Higher Animals 12.4 Metabolism, Energy, and Synthesis 12.5 Enzyme Kinetics 12.6 Growth Kinetics of Pure Bacterial Cultures 12.7 Biological Growth in Wastewater Treatment 12.8 Factors Affecting Growth 12.9 Population Dynamics Characteristics of Wastewater 12.10 Flow and Strength Variations 12.11 Composition of Wastewater Trickling (Biological) Filters 12.12 Biological Process in Trickling Filtration 12.13 Trickling-Filter Operation and Filter Media Requirements 12.14 Trickling-Filter Secondary Systems 12.15 Efficiency Equations for Stone-Media Trickling Filters 12.16 Efficiency Equations for Plastic-Media Trickling Filters 12.17 Combined Trickling-Filter and Activated-Sludge Processes 12.18 Description of Rotating Biological Contactor Media and Process Activated Sludge 12.19 BOD Loadings and Aeration Periods 12.20 Operation of Activated-Sludge Processes 12.21 Activated-Sludge Treatment Systems 12.22 Kinetics Model of the Activated-Sludge Process 12.23 Laboratory Determination of Kinetic Constants 12.24 Application of the Kinetics Model in Process Design 12.25 Oxygen Transfer and Oxygenation Requirements 12.26 Determination of Oxygen Transfer Coefficients Stabilization Ponds 12.27 Description of a Facultative Pond 12.28 BOD Loadings of Facultative Ponds 12.29 Advantages and Disadvantages of Stabilization Ponds 12.30 Completely Mixed Aerated Lagoons Odor Control 12.31 Sources of Odors in Wastewater Treatment 12.32 Methods of Odor Control Individual On-Site Wastewater Disposal 12.33 Septic Tank-Absorption Field System Marine Wastewater Disposal 12.34 Ocean Outfalls Problems References Chapter 13 Processing of Sludges Sources, Characteristics, and Quantities of Waste Sludges 13.1 Weight and Volume Relationships 13.2 Characteristics and Quantities of Wastewater Sludges 13.3 Characteristics and Quantities of Water-Processing Sludges Arrangement of Unit Processes in Sludge Disposal 13.4 Selection of Processes for Wastewater Sludges 13.5 Selection of Processes for Water Treatment Sludges Gravity Thickening 13.6 Gravity Sludge Thickeners in Wastewater Treatment 13.7 Gravity Sludge Thickeners in Water Treatment Gravity Belt Thickening 13.8 Description of a Gravity Belt Thickener 13.9 Layout of a Gravity Belt Thickener System 13.10 Sizing of Gravity Belt Thickeners Flotation Thickening 13.11 Description of Dissolved-Air Flotation 13.12 Design of Dissolved-Air Flotation Units Biological Sludge Digestion 13.13 Anaerobic Sludge Digestion 13.14 Single-Stage Floating-Cover Digesters 13.15 High-Rate (Completely Mixed) Digesters 13.16 Volatile Solids Loadings and Digester Capacity 13.17 Aerobic Sludge Digestion 13.18 Open-Air Drying Beds 13.19 Composting Pressure Filtration 13.20 Description of Belt Filter Press Dewatering 13.21 Application of Belt Filter Dewatering 13.22 Sizing of Belt Filter Presses 13.23 Description of Filter Press Dewatering 13.24 Application of Pressure Filtration Centrifugation 13.25 Description of Centrifugation 13.26 Applications of Centrifugation Cycling of Waste Solids in Treatment Plants 13.27 Suspended-Solids Removal Efficiency Final Disposal or Use 13.28 Land Application 13.29 Codisposal in a Municipal Solid-Waste Landfill 13.30 Surface Land Disposal Problems References Chapter 14 Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes and Water Reuse Limitations of Secondary Treatment 14.1 Effluent Standards 14.2 Flow Equalization Selection of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes 14.3 Selecting and Combining Unit Processes Suspended-Solids Removal 14.4 Granular-Media Filtration 14.5 Direct Filtration with Chemical Coagulation Carbon Adsorption 14.6 Granular-Carbon Columns 14.7 Activated-Sludge Treatment with Powdered Activated Carbon Phosphorus Removal 14.8 Biological Phosphorus Removal 14.9 Biological—Chemical Phosphorus Removal 14.10 Tracing Phosphorus Through Treatment Processes Nitrogen Removal 14.11 Tracing Nitrogen Through Treatment Processes 14.12 Biological Nitrification 14.13 Biological Denitrification 14.14 Single-Sludge Biological Nitrification-Denitrification Water Reuse 14.15 Water Quality and Reuse Applications 14.16 Agricultural Irrigation 14.17 Agricultural Irrigation Reuse, Tallahassee, Florida 14.18 Citrus Irrigation and Groundwater Recharge, Orange County and City of Orlando, Florida 14.19 Urban Reuse 14.20 Urban Reuse, St. Petersburg, Florida 14.21 Indirect Reuse to Augment Drinking Water Supply 14.22 Fred Hervey Water Reclamation Plant, El Paso, Texas 14.23 Direct Injection for Potable Supply, El Paso, Texas 14.24 Water Factory 21 and Groundwater Replenishment System, Orange County, California Problems References Appendix Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 • ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION 2 • INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS: DIMENSIONS, UNITS, AND CONVERSIONS 3 • ESSENTIAL CHEMICAL CONCEPTS 4 • BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS 5 • RISK ASSESSMENT 6 • DESIGN AND MODELING OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 7 • SUSTAINABILITY AND GREEN DEVELOPMENT 8 • WATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION 9 • WATER TREATMENT 10 • DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT 11 • AIR POLLUTION 12 • FUNDAMENTALS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE REMEDIATION 13 • INTRODUCTION TO SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Summary Key Words References Exercises

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Developing a Network Model 3. Precedence Diagrams 4. Determining Activity Durations 5. Time in Contract Provisions 6. Resource Allocation and Resource Leveling 7. Money and Network Schedules 8. Project Monitoring and Control 9. Computer Scheduling 10. Earned Value: A Means for Integrating Costs and Schedule 11. The Impact of Scheduling Decisions on Productivity 12. CPM In Dispute Resolution and Litigation 13. Short-Interval Schedules 14. Linear Scheduling 15. PERT: Program Evaluation and Review Technique 16. Arrow Diagrams REFERENCES ADDITIONAL REFERENCES INDEX

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