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Book SynopsisVaccine Production and Manufacturing is a valuable reference on how to produce a vaccine, from beginning to end. It addresses all classes of vaccines from a processing, production, and regulatory viewpoint. It covers everything from fermentation, purification, and formulation to regulatory filing and facility design.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Preface ix Contributors xi 1 History of Vaccine Process Development 1Narahari S. Pujar, Sangeetha L. Sagar, and Ann L. Lee 2 The Production of Plasmid DNA Vaccine in Escherichia coli: A Novel Bacterial-Based Vaccine Production Platform 25Michel Chartrain 3 Fungal Expression Systems for Vaccine Production 51Karl Melber, Volker Jenzelewski, Roland Weyhenmeyer, and Zbigniew Janowicz 4 Novel Expression Systems for Vaccine Production 81Shailaja Rabindran and Vidadi Yusibov 5 Viral Vaccines Purification 97Bernd Kalbfuss-Zimmermann and Udo Reichl 6 Protein Subunit Vaccine Purification 181Yan-ping Yang and Tony D’Amore 7 Conjugate Vaccine Production Technology 217Sudha Chennasamudram and Willie F. Vann 8 Stabilization and Formulation of Vaccines 237Timothy S. Priddy and C. Russell Middaugh 9 Lyophilization in Vaccine Processes 263Alexis Wasserman, Ranjit Sarpal, and Bret R. Phillips 10 Strategies for Heat-Stable Vaccines 287Satoshi Ohtake, David Lechuga-Ballesteros, Vu Truong-Le, and Eric J. Patzer 11 Production and Characterization of Aluminum-Containing Adjuvants 319Stanley L. Hem and Cliff T. Johnston 12 The Biologics License Application (BLA) in Common Technical Document (CTD) Format 347R.S. Robin Robinett 13 The Original New Drug Application (Investigational New Drug) 373R.S. Robin Robinett 14 Facility Design for Vaccine Manufacturing—Regulatory, Business, and Technical Considerations and A Risk-Based Design Approach 393Anand Ekambaram and Abraham Shamir 15 Vaccine Production Economics 413Andrew Sinclair and Peter Latham Index 437

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Book SynopsisA revised and updated text that explores the fundamentals of the physics of electric power handling systems The revised and updated second edition of Electric Power Principles: Sources, Conversion, Distribution and Use offers an innovative and comprehensive approach to the fundamentals of electric power. The author a noted expert on the topic provides a thorough grounding in electric power systems, with an informative discussion on per-unit normalisations, symmetrical components and iterative load flow calculations. The text covers the most important topics within the power system, such as protection and DC transmission, and examines both traditional power plants and those used for extracting sustainable energy from wind and sunlight. The text explores the principles of electromechanical energy conversion and magnetic circuits and synchronous machines the most important generators of electric power. The book also contains information on power electroniTrade ReviewIt is a must-read book for everyone who feels interested in area of electric power system. This book covers almost every essential item that falls in this area. By reading this book, you can expect to explore all the key components in electric power system, such as energy source, transmission line, protection mechanism, load flow, electric machine, etc. All the key concepts are discussed from fundamental physics and elaborated steps by steps. Real world examples with pictures are given in the right place to visualize the discussed items. Problem sets are included in each chapter to strengthen the learnt concepts. I am quite sure everyone from all levels can follow and understand all the contents without much difficulty. In this second edition, a new chapter on energy storage and some other updated information are added. As a teacher and researcher in power engineering, I would say this book must be one of the best books in this area. Christopher H. T. Lee, Assistant Professor, Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeTable of ContentsPreface xv About the Companion Website xvii 1 Electric Power Systems 1 1.1 Electric Utility Systems 2 1.2 Energy and Power 3 1.2.1 Basics and Units 3 1.3 Sources of Electric Power 5 1.3.1 Heat Engines 5 1.3.2 Power Plants 6 1.3.2.1 Environmental Impact of Burning Fossil Fuels 7 1.3.3 Nuclear Power Plants 8 1.3.4 Hydroelectric Power 9 1.3.5 Wind Turbines 10 1.3.6 Solar Power Generation 12 1.4 Electric Power Plants and Generation 14 1.5 Problems 15 2 AC Voltage, Current, and Power 17 2.1 Sources and Power 17 2.1.1 Voltage and Current Sources 17 2.1.2 Power 18 2.1.3 Sinusoidal Steady State 18 2.1.4 Phasor Notation 19 2.1.5 Real and Reactive Power 19 2.1.5.1 Root Mean Square (RMS) Amplitude 20 2.2 Resistors, Inductors, and Capacitors 20 2.2.1 Reactive Power and Voltage 22 2.2.1.1 Example 22 2.2.2 Reactive Power Voltage Support 22 2.3 Voltage Stability and Bifurcation 23 2.3.1 Voltage Calculation 24 2.3.2 Voltage Solution and Effect of Reactive Power 25 2.4 Problems 26 3 Transmission Lines 33 3.1 Modeling: Telegrapher’s Equations 33 3.1.1 Traveling Waves 35 3.1.2 Characteristic Impedance 35 3.1.3 Power 36 3.1.4 Line Terminations and Reflections 36 3.1.4.1 Examples 37 3.1.4.2 Lightning 38 3.1.4.3 Inductive Termination 39 3.1.5 Sinusoidal Steady State 41 3.2 Problems 44 4 Polyphase Systems 47 4.1 Two-phase Systems 47 4.2 Three-phase Systems 48 4.3 Line–Line Voltages 51 4.3.1 Example: Wye- and Delta-connected Loads 52 4.3.2 Example: Use of Wye–Delta for Unbalanced Loads 53 4.4 Problems 55 5 Electrical and Magnetic Circuits 59 5.1 Electric Circuits 59 5.1.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 59 5.1.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 60 5.1.3 Constitutive Relationship: Ohm’s Law 60 5.2 Magnetic Circuit Analogies 62 5.2.1 Analogy to KCL 62 5.2.2 Analogy to KVL: Magnetomotive Force 62 5.2.3 Analogy to Ohm’s Law: Reluctance 63 5.2.4 Simple Case 64 5.2.5 Flux Confinement 64 5.2.6 Example: C-Core 65 5.2.7 Example: Core with Different Gaps 66 5.3 Problems 66 6 Transformers 71 6.1 Single-phase Transformers 71 6.1.1 Ideal Transformers 72 6.1.2 Deviations from an Ideal Transformer 73 6.1.3 Autotransformers 75 6.2 Three-phase Transformers 76 6.2.1 Example 78 6.2.2 Example: Grounding or Zigzag Transformer 80 6.3 Problems 81 7 Polyphase Lines and Single-phase Equivalents 87 7.1 Polyphase Transmission and Distribution Lines 87 7.1.1 Example 89 7.2 Introduction to Per-unit Systems 90 7.2.1 Normalization of Voltage and Current 90 7.2.2 Three-phase Systems 91 7.2.3 Networks with Transformers 92 7.2.4 Transforming from One Base to Another 92 7.2.5 Example: Fault Study 93 7.2.5.1 One-line Diagram of the Situation 93 7.3 Appendix: Inductances of Transmission Lines 95 7.3.1 Single Wire 95 7.3.2 Mutual Inductance 96 7.3.3 Bundles of Conductors 97 7.3.4 Transposed Lines 98 7.4 Problems 98 8 Electromagnetic Forces and Loss Mechanisms 103 8.1 Energy Conversion Process 103 8.1.1 Principle of Virtual Work 104 8.1.1.1 Example: Lifting Magnet 106 8.1.2 Co-energy 107 8.1.2.1 Example: Co-energy Force Problem 107 8.1.2.2 Electric Machine Model 108 8.2 Continuum Energy Flow 109 8.2.1 Material Motion 110 8.2.2 Additional Issues in Energy Methods 111 8.2.2.1 Co-energy in Continuous Media 111 8.2.2.2 Permanent Magnets 112 8.2.2.3 Energy in the Flux–Current Plane 113 8.2.3 Electric Machine Description 115 8.2.4 Field Description of Electromagnetic Force: The Maxwell Stress Tensor 117 8.2.5 Tying the Maxwell Stress Tensor and Poynting Approaches Together 119 8.2.5.1 Simple Description of a Linear Induction Motor 120 8.3 Surface Impedance of Uniform Conductors 122 8.3.1 Linear Case 123 8.3.2 Iron 125 8.3.3 Magnetization 126 8.3.4 Saturation and Hysteresis 126 8.3.5 Conduction, Eddy Currents, and Laminations 129 8.3.5.1 Complete Penetration Case 129 8.3.6 Eddy Currents in Saturating Iron 131 8.4 Semi-empirical Method of Handling Iron Loss 133 8.5 Problems 136 References 141 9 Synchronous Machines 143 9.1 Round Rotor Machines: Basics 144 9.1.1 Operation with a Balanced Current Source 145 9.1.2 Operation with a Voltage Source 145 9.2 Reconciliation of Models 147 9.2.1 Torque Angles 148 9.3 Per-unit Systems 148 9.4 Normal Operation 149 9.4.1 Capability Diagram 150 9.4.2 Vee Curve 150 9.5 Salient Pole Machines: Two-reaction Theory 151 9.6 Synchronous Machine Dynamics 155 9.7 Synchronous Machine Dynamic Model 155 9.7.1 Electromagnetic Model 156 9.7.2 Park’s Equations 157 9.7.3 Power and Torque 160 9.7.4 Per-unit Normalization 160 9.7.5 Equivalent Circuits 163 9.7.6 Transient Reactances and Time Constants 164 9.8 Statement of Simulation Model 165 9.8.1 Example: Transient Stability 166 9.8.2 Equal Area Transient Stability Criterion 166 9.9 Appendix 1: Transient Stability Code 169 9.10 Appendix 2: Winding Inductance Calculation 172 9.10.1 Pitch Factor 175 9.10.2 Breadth Factor 175 9.11 Problems 177 10 System Analysis and Protection 181 10.1 The Symmetrical Component Transformation 181 10.2 Sequence Impedances 184 10.2.1 Balanced Transmission Lines 184 10.2.2 Balanced Load 185 10.2.3 Possibly Unbalanced Loads 186 10.2.4 Unbalanced Sources 187 10.2.5 Rotating Machines 189 10.2.6 Transformers 189 10.2.6.1 Example: Rotation of Symmetrical Component Currents 190 10.2.6.2 Example: Reconstruction of Currents 191 10.3 Fault Analysis 192 10.3.1 Single Line–Neutral Fault 192 10.3.2 Double Line–Neutral Fault 193 10.3.3 Line–Line Fault 193 10.3.4 Example of Fault Calculations 194 10.3.4.1 Symmetrical Fault 195 10.3.4.2 Single Line–Neutral Fault 195 10.3.4.3 Double Line–Neutral Fault 196 10.3.4.4 Line–Line Fault 197 10.3.4.5 Conversion to Amperes 198 10.4 System Protection 198 10.4.1 Fuses 199 10.5 Switches 199 10.6 Coordination 200 10.6.1 Ground Overcurrent 200 10.7 Impedance Relays 201 10.7.1 Directional Elements 202 10.8 Differential Relays 202 10.8.1 Ground Fault Protection for Personnel 203 10.9 Zones of System Protection 203 10.10 Problems 204 11 Load Flow 211 11.1 Two Ports and Lines 211 11.1.1 Power Circles 212 11.2 Load Flow in a Network 214 11.3 Gauss–Seidel Iterative Technique 216 11.4 Bus Types 217 11.5 Bus Admittance 217 11.5.1 Bus Incidence 217 11.5.2 Example Network 218 11.5.3 Alternative Assembly of Bus Admittance 219 11.6 Newton–Raphson Method for Load Flow 220 11.6.1 Generator Buses 222 11.6.2 Decoupling 222 11.6.3 Example Calculations 223 11.7 Problems 223 11.8 Appendix: Matlab Scripts to Implement Load Flow Techniques 226 11.8.1 Gauss–Seidel Routine 226 11.8.2 Newton–Raphson Routine 228 11.8.3 Decoupled Newton–Raphson Routine 230 12 Power Electronics and Converters in Power Systems 233 12.1 Switching Devices 233 12.1.1 Diodes 234 12.1.2 Thyristors 234 12.1.3 Bipolar Transistors 235 12.2 Rectifier Circuits 236 12.2.1 Full-wave Rectifier 237 12.2.1.1 Full-wave Bridge with Resistive Load 237 12.2.1.2 Phase-control Rectifier 238 12.2.1.3 Phase Control into an Inductive Load 240 12.2.1.4 AC Phase Control 242 12.2.1.5 Rectifiers for DC Power Supplies 242 12.3 DC–DC Converters 243 12.3.1 Pulse Width Modulation 246 12.3.2 Boost Converter 247 12.3.2.1 Continuous Conduction 247 12.3.2.2 Discontinuous Conduction 249 12.3.2.3 Unity Power Factor Supplies 250 12.4 Canonical Cell 251 12.4.1 Bidirectional Converter 251 12.4.2 H-Bridge 252 12.5 Three-phase Bridge Circuits 254 12.5.1 Rectifier Operation 254 12.5.2 Phase Control 257 12.5.3 Commutation Overlap 257 12.5.4 AC Side Current Harmonics 259 12.5.4.1 Power Supply Rectifiers 261 12.5.4.2 PWM Capable Switch Bridge 262 12.6 Unified Power Flow Controller 264 12.7 High-voltage DC Transmission 267 12.8 Basic Operation of a Converter Bridge 268 12.8.1 Turn-on Switch 268 12.8.2 Inverter Terminal 269 12.9 Achieving High Voltage 270 12.10 Problems 271 13 System Dynamics and Energy Storage 277 13.1 Load–Frequency Relationship 277 13.2 Energy Balance 277 13.2.1 Natural Response 278 13.2.2 Feedback Control 279 13.2.3 Droop Control 280 13.2.4 Isochronous Control 281 13.3 Synchronized Areas 282 13.3.1 Area Control Error 282 13.3.2 Synchronizing Dynamics 283 13.3.3 Feedback Control to Drive ACE to Zero 284 13.4 Inverter Connection 285 13.4.1 Overview of Connection 286 13.4.2 Filters 287 13.4.3 Measurement 288 13.4.4 Phase Locked Loop 289 13.4.5 Control Loops 290 13.4.6 Grid-following (Slave) Inverter 291 13.4.7 Grid-forming (Master) Inverter 291 13.4.8 Droop-controlled Inverter 292 13.5 Energy Storage 292 13.5.1 Time Scales 293 13.5.2 Batteries 293 13.5.2.1 Simplest Battery Model 294 13.5.2.2 Diffusion Model 294 13.5.2.3 Model Including State of Charge 295 13.6 Problems 296 14 Induction Machines 299 14.1 Introduction 299 14.2 Induction Machine Transformer Model 301 14.2.1 Operation: Energy Balance 307 14.2.1.1 Simplified Torque Estimation 309 14.2.1.2 Torque Summary 310 14.2.2 Example of Operation 310 14.2.3 Motor Performance Requirements 312 14.2.3.1 Effect of Rotor Resistance 312 14.3 Squirrel-cage Machines 313 14.4 Single-phase Induction Motors 314 14.4.1 Rotating Fields 314 14.4.2 Power Conversion in the Single-phase Induction Machine 315 14.4.3 Starting of Single-phase Induction Motors 316 14.4.3.1 Shaded Pole Motors 317 14.4.3.2 Split-phase Motors 317 14.4.4 Split-phase Operation 318 14.4.4.1 Example Motor 319 14.5 Induction Generators 321 14.6 Induction Motor Control 322 14.6.1 Volts/Hz Control 323 14.6.2 Field-oriented Control 323 14.6.3 Elementary Model 324 14.6.4 Simulation Model 325 14.6.5 Control Model 326 14.6.6 Field-oriented Strategy 327 14.7 Doubly-fed Induction Machines 329 14.7.1 Steady-state Operation 331 14.8 Appendix 1: Squirrel-cage Machine Model 334 14.8.1 Rotor Currents and Induced Flux 334 14.8.2 Squirrel-cage Currents 335 14.9 Appendix 2: Single-phase Squirrel-cage Model 339 14.10 Appendix 3: Induction Machine Winding Schemes 341 14.10.1 Winding Factor for Concentric Windings 344 14.11 Problems 345 References 350 15 DC (Commutator) Machines 351 15.1 Geometry 351 15.2 Torque Production 352 15.3 Back Voltage 353 15.4 Operation 354 15.4.1 Shunt Operation 355 15.4.2 Separately Excited 356 15.4.2.1 Armature Voltage Control 357 15.4.2.2 Field Weakening Control 357 15.4.2.3 Dynamic Braking 358 15.4.3 Machine Capability 358 15.5 Series Connection 359 15.6 Universal Motors 361 15.7 Commutator 362 15.7.1 Commutation Interpoles 362 15.7.2 Compensation 364 15.8 Compound-wound DC Machines 365 15.9 Problems 367 16 Permanent Magnets in Electric Machines 371 16.1 Permanent Magnets 371 16.1.1 Permanent Magnets in Magnetic Circuits 373 16.1.2 Load Line Analysis 373 16.1.2.1 Very Hard Magnets 374 16.1.2.2 Surface Magnet Analysis 375 16.1.2.3 Amperian Currents 376 16.2 Commutator Machines 376 16.2.1 Voltage 378 16.2.2 Armature Resistance 379 16.3 Brushless PM Machines 380 16.4 Motor Morphologies 380 16.4.1 Surface Magnet Machines 380 16.4.2 Interior Magnet, Flux-concentrating Machines 381 16.4.3 Operation 382 16.4.3.1 Voltage and Current: Round Rotor 382 16.4.4 A Little Two-reaction Theory 384 16.4.5 Finding Torque Capability 387 16.4.5.1 Optimal Currents 388 16.4.5.2 Rating 389 16.5 Problems 393 Reference 396 Index 397

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Book SynopsisThis book describes the future of the Artemis Lunar Program from the years 2017 to about 2030. Despite the uncertainty of the times and the present state of space exploration, it is likely that what is presented in this book will actually happen, to one degree or another. As history has taught us, predictions are often difficult, but one can see enough into the future to be somewhat accurate. As the Bible says, “Wesee thru the glass, but darkly.”All of the elements of the proposed program are described from several perspectives: NASA’s, the commercial space industry and our International partners. Also included are descriptions of the many vehicles, habitats, landers, payloads and experiments. The book tells the story of the buildup of a very small space station in a strange new lunar orbit and the descent of payloads and humans, including the first women and next man, to the lunar surface with the intent to evolve a sustained presence over time. Trade Review“I was glad to read this book, and I learned some new things from it. I am happy to recommend it to anyone interested in a brief summary of the technical aspects of the Artemis programme as conceived in its early years.” (Ian Crawford, The Observatory, Vol. 141 (1282), June, 2021)“The book is an excellent basis to understand the further struggle for human space exploration of Moon and Mars, and allows the reader to form his own well-founded opinion and to grasp the technical problems still to be solved. … A ‘treat’ for insiders, a reference manual for those interested in human spaceflight and an easily digestible book for laypeople. Predicate: Highly valuable!” (Joachim J. Kehr, Journal of Space Operations & Communicator, February, 2021)Table of ContentsFrontispiece Dedication Acknowledgments Preface 1 Introduction 2 The Artemis Lunar Program Overview 2.1 NASA’s Concept 2.2 Summary of the Elements 2.3 The Controversy 2.4 The Budget 2.5 Politics 3 Spacecraft, Landers, Rovers and Payloads 3.1 Commercial Spacecraft 3.2 Commercial Lunar Payload Services 3.3 Commercial Payloads and Instruments 3.4 Lunar Science Participation 3.5 Landing Sites 4 Elements, Crew Landers, Launch Vehicles and Upper Stages 4.1 Propulsion and Power Element 4.2 Habitat and Logistics Modules 4.3 Crew Landers and Transfer Element Studies 4.4 Launch Vehicles 4.5 Upper Stages 5 NASA and Commercial Crew Development 5.1 Crew Selection and Training 5.2 Commercial Crew ISS Missions 5.3 Artemis Missions 5.4 The Next Generation Space Suit 5.5 Commercial Crew Space Suits 5.6 Crew Health 6 Artemis Lessons for Exploration 6.1 Utility of the Gateway 6.2 Sustainability 6.3 Impact on Future Hardware Design 6.4 Long Duration Science Operations 6.5 Launch Vehicle Payload Capability 7 Enabling Technology Advances 7.1 NASA Programs 7.2 Navigation and Precision Landing 7.3 Deep Space Atomic Clock 7.4 In-Situ Resource Utilization 7.5 Lunar Power 7.6 Protection from Radiation 7.7 Advances in Optical Communications 7.8 Lunar IceCube 8 Artemis Influence on Mars Planning 8.1 Mission Concepts and Plans 8.2 Technologies and Capabilities 8.3 Artemis Science Influence on Mars 8.4 Robotics 8.5 Regolith Mining and Processing 8.6 3D Printing 9 Conclusions Appendices 1 The National Space Council’s Role in Artemis and Mars 2 Community Letter to Congress Regarding NASA’s Lunar Discovery and Exploration Program 3 NASA’s Gateway Memorandum for the Record 4 Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit 5 Solar Electric Propulsion and Hall Effect Thrusters 6 Technology 7 Timeline 8 Artemis Mythology 9 The Moon Village Association 10 The Chinese Lunar Program 11 Crew Selection: A History and Prediction 12 Quotes References Glossary About the Author Index

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Book SynopsisIn a career spanning four decades, Gerald R. North contributed groundbreaking research that continues to shape the modern field of climate science. However, the route he has taken was full of surprising twists and turns that included hate mail, eavesdropping by the KGB, and sometimes acrimonious debate with climate-change deniers.North's significant contributions to the field include his innovative 'toy model' analysis of climate change based on ingeniously simplified models and his lead proposal for and successful approval of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Launched in 1997, the TRMM's purpose was to collect data on the global climate system. The TRMM operated successfully for 17 years before it was deactivated in 2015.In The Rise of Climate Science, North recounts in detail his life in the vanguard of modern climate science. He offers an insider look at the academic research and government initiatives around global warming and what that means for the planet. He includes stories of conversations with top Soviet climate scientists at the height of the Cold War in the late 1970s - complete with clandestine electronic surveillance. He also describes the experience of testifying before Congress and engaging in public exchanges with those who doubted the reality of the phenomenon his research field described.Climatology today has advanced into a mature phase. This book is an important contribution to understanding its development in the twentieth century and adds a distinctly human face and sensibility to the ongoing societal conversation around climate change and its implications for our future.

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Book SynopsisA simplified approach to applying the Finite Element Method to geotechnical problems Predicting soil behavior by constitutive equations that are based on experimental findings and embodied in numerical methods, such as the finite element method, is a significant aspect of soil mechanics.Trade Review"The book can be useful for civil engineering students and practitioners." (Zentralblatt MATH, 2008)Table of ContentsChapter 1. Properties of Soil. Chapter 2. Elasticity and Plasticity. Chapter 3. Stresses in Soil. Chapter 4. Consolidation. Chapter 5. Shear Strength of Soil. Chapter 6. Shallow Foundations. Chapter 7. Lateral Earth Pressure and Retaining Walls. Chapter 8. Piles and Pile Groups.

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Book SynopsisVibration-based Condition Monitoring Stay up to date on the newest developments in machine condition monitoring with this brand-new resource from an industry leader The newly revised Second Edition of Vibration-based Condition Monitoring: Industrial, Automotive and Aerospace Applications delivers a thorough update to the most complete discussion of the field of machine condition monitoring. The distinguished author offers readers new sections on diagnostics of variable speed machines, including wind turbines, as well as new material on the application of cepstrum analysis to the separation of forcing functions, structural model properties, and the simulation of machines and faults. The book provides improved methods of order tracking based on phase demodulation of reference signals and new methods of determining instantaneous machine speed from the vibration response signal. Readers will also benefit from an insightful discussion of new methTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maintenance strategies 1.3 Condition monitoring methods 1.3.1 Vibration analysis 1.3.2 Oil analysis 1.3.3 Performance analysis 1.3.4 Thermography 1.4 Types and benefits of vibration analysis 1.4.1 Benefits compared with other methods 1.4.2 Permanent vs intermittent monitoring 1.5 Vibration transducers 1.5.1 Absolute vs relative vibration measurement 1.5.2 Proximity probes 1.5.3 Velocity transducers 1.5.4 Accelerometers 1.5.5 Dual vibration probes 1.5.6 Laser vibrometers 1.6 Torsional vibration transducers 1.6.1 Shaft encoders 1.6.2 Torsional laser vibrometers 1.7 Condition monitoring – the basic problem References Chapter 2 Vibration Signals from Rotating and Reciprocating Machines 2.1 Signal classification 2.1.1 Stationary deterministic signals 2.1.2 Stationary random signals 2.1.3 Cyclostationary signals 2.1.4 Cyclo-non-stationary signals 2.2 Signals generated by rotating machines 2.2.1 Low shaft orders and subharmonics 2.2.2 Vibrations from gears 2.2.3 Rolling element bearings 2.2.4 Bladed machines 2.2.5 Electrical machines 2.3 Signals generated by reciprocating machines 2.3.1 Time-frequency diagrams 2.3.2 Torsional vibrations References Chapter 3 Basic signal processing techniques 3.1 Statistical measures 3.1.1 Probability and probability density 3.1.2 Moments and cumulants 3.2 Fourier analysis 3.2.1 Fourier series 3.2.2 Fourier integral transform 3.2.3 Sampled time signals 3.2.4 The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) 3.2.5 The fast Fourier transform (FFT) 3.2.6 Convolution and the convolution theorem 3.2.7 Zoom FFT 3.2.8 Practical FFT analysis and scaling 3.3 Hilbert transform and demodulation 3.3.1 Hilbert transform 3.3.2 Demodulation 3.4 Digital filtering 3.4.1 Realisation of digital filters 3.4.2 Comparison of digital filtering with FFT processing 3.5 Time/frequency analysis 3.5.1 The short time Fourier transform (STFT) 3.5.2 The Wigner-Ville distribution 3.5.3 Wavelet analysis 3.5.4 Empirical mode decomposition 3.6 Cyclostationary analysis and spectral correlation 3.6.1 Spectral correlation 3.6.2 Spectral correlation and envelope spectrum 3.6.3 Wigner-Ville spectrum 3.6.4 Cyclo-non-stationary analysis References Chapter 4 Fault Detection 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Rotating machines 4.2.1 Vibration criteria 4.2.2 Use of frequency spectra 4.2.3 CPB spectrum comparison 4.3 Reciprocating machines 4.3.1 Vibration criteria for reciprocating machines 4.3.2 Time/frequency diagrams 4.3.3 Torsional vibration References Chapter 5 Some special signal processing techniques 5.1 Order tracking 5.1.1 Comparison of methods 5.1.2 Computed order tracking(COT) 5.1.3 Phase demodulation based COT 5.1.4 COT over a wide speed range 5.2 Determination of instantaneous machine speed 5.2.1 Derivative of instantaneous phase 5.2.2 Teager Kaiser and other energy operators 5.2.3 Comparison of time and frequency domain approaches 5.2.4 Other methods 5.3 Deterministic/random signal separation 5.3.1 Time synchronous averaging 5.3.2 Linear prediction 5.3.3 Adaptive noise cancellation 5.3.4 Self adaptive noise cancellation 5.3.5 Discrete/random separation (DRS) 5.4 Minimum entropy deconvolution 5.5 Spectral kurtosis and the kurtogram 5.5.1 Spectral kurtosis – definition and calculation 5.5.2 Use of SK as a filter 5.5.3 The kurtogram References Chapter 6 Cepstrum analysis applied to machine diagnostics 6.1 Cepstrum terminology and definitions 6.1.1 Brief history of the cepstrum and terminology 6.1.2 Cepstrum types and definitions 6.2 Applications of the real cepstrum 6.2.1 Practical considerations with the cepstrum 6.2.2 Detecting and quantifying harmonic/sideband families 6.2.3 Separation of forcing and transfer functions 6.3 Modifying time signals using the real cepstrum 6.3.1 Removing harmonic/sideband families 6.3.2 Enhancing/removing modal properties 6.3.3 Cepstrum pre-whitening References Chapter 7 Diagnostic Techniques for particular applications 7.1 Harmonic and sideband cursors 7.1.1 Basic principles 7.1.2 Examples of cursor application 7.1.3 Combination with order tracking 7.2 Gear diagnostics 7.2.1 Techniques based on the TSA 7.2.2 Transmission error as a diagnostic tool 7.2.3 Cepstrum analysis for gear diagnostics 7.2.4 Separation of spalls and cracks 7.2.5 Diagnostics of gears with varying speed and load 7.3 Rolling element bearing diagnostics 7.3.1 Signal models for bearing faults 7.3.2 A semi-automated bearing diagnostic procedure 7.3.3 Alternative diagnostic methods for special conditions 7.3.4 Diagnostics of bearings with varying speed and load 7.4 Reciprocating machine and IC engine diagnostics 7.4.1 Time/frequency methods 7.4.2 Cylinder pressure identification 7.4.3 Mechanical fault identification References Chapter 8 Fault simulation 8.1 Background and justification 8.2 Simulation of faults in gears 8.2.1 Lumped parameter models of parallel gears 8.2.2 Separation of spalls and cracks 8.2.3 Lumped parameter models of planetary gears 8.2.4 Interaction of faults with ring and sun gears 8.3 Simulation of faults in bearings 8.3.1 Local faults in LPM gearbox model 8.3.2 Extended faults in LPM gearbox model 8.3.3 Reduced FE casing model combined with LPM gear model 8.4 Simulation of faults in engines 8.4.1 Misfire 8.4.2 Piston slap 8.4.3 Bearing knock References Chapter 9 Fault trending and prognostics 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Trend analysis 9.2.1 Trending of simple parameters 9.2.2 Trending of “impulsiveness” 9.2.3 Trending of spall size in bearings 9.3 Advanced prognostics 9.3.1 Physics-based models 9.3.2 Data-driven models 9.3.3 Hybrid models 9.3.4 Simulation-based prognostics 9.4 Future developments 9.4.1 Advanced modelling 9.4.2 Advances in data analytics References

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality,  authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Rely on the #1 Guide to Pump Design and Application--Now Updated with the Latest Technological Breakthroughs Long-established as the leading guide to pump design and application, the Pump Handbook has been fully revised and updated with the latest developments in pump technology. Packed with 1,150 detailed illustrations and written by a team of over 100 internationally renowned pump experts, this vital tool shows you how to select, purchase, install, operate, maintain, and troubleshoot cutting-edge pumps for all types of uses. The Fourth Edition of the Pump Handbook features:State-of-the-art guidance on every aspect of pump theory, design, application, and technTable of ContentsList of ContributorsPrefaceSI Units--A CommentaryChapter 1. Introduction: Classification and Selection of PumpsChapter 2. Centrifugal PumpsChapter 3. Displacement PumpsChapter 4. Solids PumpingChapter 5. Pump SealingChapter 6. Pump BearingsChapter 7. Jet PumpsChapter 8. Materials of ConstructionChapter 9. Pump Drivers and Power TransmissionChapter 10. Pump NoiseChapter 11. Pump SystemsChapter 12. Pump ServicesChapter 13. Intakes and Suction PumpingChapter 14. Selecting and Purchasing PumpsChapter 15. Installation, Operation, and MaintenanceChapter 16. Pump TestingAppendix: Technical DataIndex

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Explore the foundations and applications of 5G technologyThis comprehensive guide contains practical information from telecommunications experts working at the forefront of 5G innovation. The authors discuss the foundations of 5G technologyânot just the new standards, but the reasons and stories behind them. Fundamentals of 5G Communications features coverage of all major vertical domains with a focus on practical, commercial applications. This book serves both as an essential reference for telecom professionals and as a textbook for students learning about 5G.Coverage includes: 5G versus 4G: Whatâs new? Deployment scenarios and architecture options The evolution of 5G architecture Numerology and slot structure Table of ContentsForewordIntroductionAcronyms1 5G versus 4G: What’s New? 1.1 Overview 1.2 LTE: A Success Story 1.3 Physical Layer Changes in 5G 1.4 Protocol Changes in 5G 1.5 Main Physical Layer Features of LTE over Releases2 Deployment Scenarios 2.1 LTE-NR Spectrum Sharing 2.2 Switched NR UL Carrier Aggregation Enhancements 2.3 Nonaligned Carrier Aggregation Operation 2.4 Frequency Ranges and Frequency Bands3 Architecture Options for 5G 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The 5G RAN Architecture 3.3 The 5G Core 3.4 EPC versus 5GC (What Is 5GC For?) 3.5 Main Functional Entities of the 5G Core 3.6 High-Level Features of 5G Core 3.7 Network Slicing 3.8 QoS 3.9 Interworking with Non-3GPP Access Technologies 3.10 Policy Control 3.11 5G Security 3.12 Access Control and Barring 3.13 Support for Operator and Regulatory Services 3.14 Interworking with EPC 3.15 EPC to 5GC Migration4 Evolution of 5G Architecture 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Non-Public Networks 4.3 Cellular V2X 4.4 Cellular IoT 4.5 “Big Data” Collection (Enhanced Network Automation) 4.6 Enhancements to Interworking with Non-3GPP Accesses 4.7 URLLC 4.8 Slice Authentication 4.9 Other Release 16 Features5 Numerology and Slot Structure 5.1 Numerology and Slot Structure in 4G LTE 5.2 Lessons Learned from 4G LTE and 5G Considerations 5.3 SCSs for 5G NR 5.4 Frequency Ranges, Bandwidths, and Bands for 5G NR 5.5 gNB Channel Bandwidth versus UE Channel Bandwidth 5.6 Symbol, Slot, Subframe, and Frame for 5G NR 5.7 Slot Structure for 5G NR and Forward Compatibility Considerations6 Initial Access and Mobility 6.1 Overview 6.2 Initial Access 6.3 Random Access 6.4 Paging 6.5 Mobility7 Downlink Control Operation 7.1 Downlink Control in 4G LTE 7.2 Control Region Management in 5G NR 7.3 PDCCH Structure in 5G NR 7.4 Search Space for NR PDCCH 7.5 DCI Formats for NR PDCCH 7.6 Physical Layer Block Diagram for NR PDCCH 7.7 Power Saving Considerations8 Downlink Data Operation 8.1 Channel Coding for Data 8.2 Channel Code Rate Matching 8.3 DL Soft Buffer Management 8.4 DL MCS and TBS Determination 8.5 DL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain 8.6 DL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain 8.7 DL Rate Matching 8.8 DL HARQ Operation 8.9 DL Data Rate Capability 8.10 Processing Time for DL Data 8.11 Demodulation Reference Signals for Data 8.12 PDSCH DM-RS 8.13 DL Phase Tracking Reference Signal 8.14 Channel State Information Reference Signal 8.15 Tracking Reference Signal 8.16 DL MIMO Scheme 8.17 CSI Feedback 8.18 Beam Management for the PDSCH 8.19 Signal Quasi Co-Location9 Uplink Control Operation 9.1 Uplink Control in 4G LTE 9.2 UCI Types and Payload Sizes in 5G NR 9.3 PUCCH Formats in 5G NR 9.4 PUCCH Resource Determination in 5G NR 9.5 UCI on PUSCH in 5G NR 9.6 Channel Coding for UCI10 Uplink Data Operation 10.1 UL MCS and TBS Determination 10.2 UL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain 10.3 UL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain 10.4 UL Rate Matching 10.5 UL HARQ Operation 10.6 UL Soft Buffer Management 10.7 UL Data Rate Capability 10.8 Processing Time for UL Data 10.9 PUSCH DM-RS 10.10 UL Phase Tracking Reference Signal 10.11 Sounding Reference Signal 10.12 UL MIMO Scheme 10.13 Beam Management for the PUSCH 10.14 UL Power Control 10.15 UL Timing11 Coexistence of 4G and 5G 11.1 Adjacent Channel Coexistence 11.2 Same Channel Coexistence 11.3 EN-DC Power Control 11.4 Switched EN-DC UL12 5G in Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum 12.1 Unlicensed Operation in LTE 12.2 Overview 12.3 Channel Access 12.4 Discovery Burst 12.5 Physical Layer Extensions for Uplink 12.6 Increased Scheduling Flexibility13 Vertical Expansion: URLLC 13.1 A Brief History of 3GPP Standardization Related to URLLC 13.2 Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios for 5G NR URLLC 13.3 Resource Management for URLLC 13.4 Optimizing Link Efficiency for URLLC 13.5 Downlink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types 13.6 Uplink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types 13.7 Handling Distinct Services at the UE 13.8 Other Related Aspects14 Vertical Expansion: MTC 14.1 A Brief History of MTC in 3GPP 14.2 Key Technical Enablers for eMTC 14.3 Key Technical Enablers for NB-IoT 14.4 Integration of eMTC and NB-IoT into 5G NR 14.5 Future Trends15 5G Vertical Expansion: V2X 15.1 Overview 15.2 Background: LTE V2X 15.3 NR V2X16 Vertical Expansion: Broadcast and Multicast17 Miscellaneous Topics for 5G 17.1 Overview 17.2 Interference Management 17.3 UE Power Savings 17.4 NR Positioning 17.5 Two-Step RACH 17.6 Multi-RAT DC/CA Enhancements 17.7 Mobility Enhancements 17.8 Integrated Access and Backhaul18 A Look at Typical 5G Commercial Deployments19 5G: What’s Next? 19.1 Overview 19.2 Radio Projects in Release 17 19.3 Systems Projects in Release 17 19.4 NR Expansion into Higher Frequencies 19.5 Sidelink Beyond V2X 19.6 Relaying Operation 19.7 Edge Applications 19.8 On the Path to 6GIndex

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Infrared and Terahertz Detectors provides a comprehensive overview of infrared and terahertz detector technology, from fundamental science to materials and fabrication techniques. It contains a complete overhaul of the contents including several new chapters and a new section on terahertz detectors and systems. It includes a new tutorial introduction to technical aspects that are fundamental for basic understanding. The other dedicated sections focus on thermal detectors, photon detectors, and focal plane arrays.Table of ContentsPart I. Fundaments of infrared and terahertz detection 1. Radiometry 2. Infrared systems fundamentals 3. Infrared detector characterization 4. Fundamental performance limitations of infrared detectors 5. Coupling of infrared radiation with detector 6. Heterodyne detection Part II. Infrared thermal detectors 7. Thermopiles 8. Bolometers 9. Pyroelectric detectors 10. Pneumatic detectors 11. Novel thermal detectors Part III. Infrared photon detectors 12. Theory of photon detectors 13. Intrinsic silicon and germanium detectors 14. Extrinsic silicon and germanium detectors 15. Photoemissive detectors 16. III-V detectors 17. HgCdTe detectors 18. IV-VI detectors 19. Quantum well infrared photodetectors 20. Superlattice photovoltaic detectors 21. Quantum dot infrared photodetectors 22. Infrared barrier photodetectors 23. Cascade infrared photodetectors Part IV. Infrared focal plane arrays 24. Overview of focal plane array architectures 25. Thermal detector focal plane arrays 26. Photon detector focal plane arrays 27. Third generation infrared detectors Part V. Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays 28. Terahertz detectors and focal plane arrays

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Book SynopsisSignals and Systems: Analysis Using Transform Methods and MATLAB has been extensively updated, while retaining the emphasis on fundamental applications and theory. The text includes a wealth of exercises, including drill exercises, and more challenging conceptual problems.McGraw-Hill''s Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student''s work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a multi-step solution which helps move the students'' learning along if they experience difficulty.Table of Contents1) Introduction2) Mathematical Description of Continuous-Time Signals3) Discrete-Time Signal Description4) Description of Systems5) Time-Domain System Analysis6) Continuous-Time Fourier Methods7) Discrete-Time Fourier Methods8) The Laplace Transform9) The z Transform10) Sampling and Signal Processing11) Frequency Response Analysis12) Laplace System Analysis13) z-Transform System Analysis14) Filter Analysis and DesignAppendix I – Useful Mathematical RelationsAppendix II – Continuous-Time Fourier Series PairsAppendix III – Discrete Fourier Transform PairsAppendix IV – Continuous-Time Fourier Transform PairsAppendix V – Discrete-Time Fourier Transform PairsAppendix VI – Tables of Laplace Transform PairsAppendix VII – z-Transform PairsBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisFrom FSGO x Logic: a Stanford professor's spirited dismantling of Silicon Valley's intellectual origins.

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Book SynopsisThe simultaneous emergence of the serial killer and the assembly line as expressions of the rationality of modern production methods.In 1896, at the age of 35, Henry Howard Holmes, whose real name was Herman Webster Mudget, became the first serial killer in the United States, confessing to dozens of crimes. To carry out his activities quietly, he built in Chicago a building so vast that his neighbors called it the “Château.” Located just a stone's throw from the most sophisticated slaughterhouses in the world, lethal, practical, and comfortable, Holmes's building was equipped with the latest innovations. A rational, cozy masterpiece of crime dressed in slippers, Holmes's project fit perfectly into the functionalist project of the modern world.In The Murder Factory, Alexandra Midal examines the almost simultaneous emergence of the industrial revolution and the figure of the serial killer. Far from being a coincidence, it marks the rationality of new production methods—of which the assembly line and serial murder are two expressions. In the Holmes case, an antihero of modern history can shed light on the treatment of living things brought about by this economic, mechanical, and cultural revolution.H. H. Holmes's confessions, published in the Philadelphia Enquirer just before his execution in April 1896, follow Midal's text.

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Book SynopsisThe 4th edition of Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers retains the qualities that have made earlier editions popular. It is readable, accessible, and filled with intriguing examples and problems that bring the material to life. Many of the examples are based on household items that students can observe every day. Some of the new material that has been added includes wind turbines, hydraulic fracturing, and microfluidics.Table of Contents1 IntroductionPart I Preliminaries2 Fluid Statics3 The Balance Equation and the Mass Balance4 The First Law of ThermodynamicsPart II Flows of Fluids that are One-Dimensional, or that can be Treated as if they were5 Bernoulli's Equation6 Fluid Friction in Steady One-Dimensional Flow7 The Momentum Balance8 One-Dimensional High-Velocity Gas FlowPart III Some Other Topics that can be Viewed by the Methods of One-Dimensional Fluid Mechanics9 Models, Dimensional Analysis, and Dimensionless Numbers10 Pumps, Compressors, and Turbines11 Flow Through Porous Media12 Gas-Liquid Flow13 Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow in Circular Pipes14 Surface ForcesPart IV Two- and Three-Dimensional Fluid Mechanics15 Multidimensional Fluid Mechanics16 Potential Flow17 The Boundary Layer18 Turbulence19 Mixing20 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)21 MicrofluidicsAppendix A Tables and Charts of Fluid Properties, Pipe Dimensions and Flows, and High-Velocity Gas FlowsAppendix B Derivations and ProofsAppendix C Answers to Selected Problems

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Book SynopsisOn July 20th, 1969, over half of the world's population tuned in to witness the first lunar landing, waiting with bated breath as Neil Armstrong ventured outside the cabin door of Apollo 11 and declared "that's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." As the most expensive civilian scientific and technological program in American history, Project Apollo symbolised the unmatched prestige of American space exploration. Yet despite appearances, the project was never just about winning the Space Race, advancing scientific progress, or even conquering the final frontier. Instead, the ambitions of Project Apollo would ultimately reveal that the American government was more interested in establishing its superiority much closer to home.In Operation Moonglow, Smithsonian curator Teasel Muir-Harmony explores how and why the moon landing became one of the most decisive geopolitical events of the 20th century. In the wake of the Soviet Union's pioneering launch of Sputnik in 1957 and a humiliating defeat at the Bay of Pigs four years later, President John F. Kennedy approached a budget-wary Congress with Project Apollo, an unconventional proposal that had the potential to restore America's tarnished geopolitical standing. With Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States approaching an all-time high, Kennedy argued that ramping up the space program would inspire global confidence in American excellence -- and might even persuade people in developing countries to pick American "freedom" over Soviet "tyranny." Following the successful return of Apollo 11, its illustrious crew embarked on a diplomatic tour around the world, celebrating the mission as an accomplishment for all of humanity. Meanwhile, the accompanying American officials used the trip as an opportunity to conduct secret meetings with influential heads of state, leveraging the space program's global popularity to advance American values and interests.More than just a history of spaceships, astronauts, and moon rocks, Operation Moonglow is a history of geopolitical manoeuvring, of propaganda and public diplomacy, and -- above all -- of the intricate relationship between scientific innovation and national identity. Featuring first-hand accounts by Apollo astronauts, original interviews with USIA and NASA staff, and never-before-seen archival materials, Operation Moonglow is the definitive account of the Apollo mission -- and a fascinating look at how the Space Race shaped the contours of globalisation and global interdependence.

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Book SynopsisMaster the fundamentals of planning, preparing, conducting, and presenting engineering research with this one-stop resource Engineering Research: Design, Methods, and Publication delivers a concise but comprehensive guide on how to properly conceive and execute research projects within an engineering field. Accomplished professional and author Herman Tang covers the foundational and advanced topics necessary to understand engineering research, from conceiving an idea to disseminating the results of the project. Organized in the same order as the most common sequence of activities for an engineering research project, the book is split into three parts and nine chapters. The book begins with a section focused on proposal development and literature review, followed by a description of data and methods that explores quantitative and qualitative experiments and analysis, and ends with a section on project presentation and preparation of scholarly publication.<Table of ContentsAbout the Author xvi Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxiii Part I Overview, Proposal, and Literature Review 1 1 Research Overview 3 1.1 Introduction to Research 3 1.1.1 What Is Research? 3 1.1.1.1 Seeking New Knowledge 3 1.1.1.2 A Systems Viewpoint 4 1.1.1.3 General Characteristics 5 1.1.2 Impacts of Research 7 1.1.2.1 Impacts on Societies 7 1.1.2.2 For Specific Objectives 8 1.1.2.3 Benefits to Student Researchers 9 1.2 Building Blocks of Research 10 1.2.1 Innovative Mind 10 1.2.1.1 Motivations to Research 10 1.2.1.2 Thinking and Research 11 1.2.1.3 Critical Thinking 12 1.2.2 Assumptions and Hypotheses 13 1.2.2.1 Assumptions 13 1.2.2.2 Hypothesis 14 1.2.3 Methodology and Methods 14 1.2.3.1 Methodology 15 1.2.3.2 Methods 15 1.2.3.3 Process 15 1.2.4 Research Community 16 1.2.4.1 Environment 16 1.2.4.2 Ethics 16 1.2.4.3 Funding Sources 17 1.3 Types of Research 18 1.3.1 Basic Research, Applied Research, and R&D 18 1.3.1.1 Basic Research 18 1.3.1.2 Applied Research 19 1.3.1.3 Engineering R&D 20 1.3.2 More Discussion on R&D 24 1.3.2.1 Objectives of Engineering R&D 24 1.3.2.2 Experimental and Empirical Research 25 1.3.2.3 Descriptive, Exploratory, Analytical, and Predictive Research 25 1.3.2.4 Case Study 27 1.4 Validity of Research Results 28 1.4.1 Research Validity 28 1.4.1.1 Concept of Validity 28 1.4.1.2 Internal Validity 29 1.4.1.3 External Validity 30 1.4.2 Assessment and Advance 31 1.4.2.1 To Get Validated 31 1.4.2.2 Considerations of Validities 32 1.4.2.3 Publication and Further Development 33 Summary 35 Exercises 36 References 38 2 Research Proposal Development 43 2.1 Research Initiation 43 2.1.1 Research Proposal 43 2.1.1.1 Form Ideas from Problems 43 2.1.1.2 Idea Evaluation 44 2.1.1.3 Student Research Development 46 2.1.1.4 Proposal, Protocol, Prospectus 47 2.1.2 Hypotheses 48 2.1.2.1 Objective and Hypothesis 48 2.1.2.2 Format of Hypothesis 48 2.1.2.3 Research Based on Hypotheses 49 2.2 Composition of Proposal 50 2.2.1 Key Elements of Proposal 50 2.2.1.1 Proposal Format and Structure 50 2.2.1.2 Research Objectives 51 2.2.1.3 Proposal Summary and Description 52 2.2.1.4 Student Competition and Proposals 53 2.2.2 Other Sections of Proposal 54 2.2.2.1 PI and Team 54 2.2.2.2 Budget Plan 54 2.2.2.3 Supporting Materials 55 2.3 Proposal Development 56 2.3.1 Essential Issues 56 2.3.1.1 Meeting Requirements 56 2.3.1.2 Planning for Outcomes 57 2.3.1.3 Methods Overview 57 2.3.2 Tasks of Development 59 2.3.3 Development Process 62 2.3.3.1 Overall Proposal Development 62 2.3.3.2 Three Key Aspects 62 2.3.3.3 Two-step Development 64 2.4 Evaluation and Revision 65 2.4.1 Evaluation for Success 65 2.4.1.1 Drafting and Revision 65 2.4.1.2 Evaluation Overview 66 2.4.1.3 Evaluation Criteria 67 2.4.2 Self-assessment 68 2.4.2.1 Two Key Factors to Address 68 2.4.2.2 A Review Checklist 69 2.4.2.3 A Simple Evaluation 71 2.5 Considerations For Improvement 72 2.5.1 Paying Attention 72 2.5.1.1 Research Aims 72 2.5.1.2 Detail Level of Proposal 72 2.5.1.3 Other Concerns 73 2.5.1.4 Additional Preparation Tips 73 2.5.2 More Considerations 74 2.5.2.1 Pilot Study 74 2.5.2.2 Cross Disciplinary 74 2.5.2.3 Backup Plan 75 2.5.2.4 Unsuccessful Proposals 76 Summary 77 Exercises 78 References 80 3 Literature Search and Review 85 3.1 Introduction to Literature Review 85 3.1.1 Overview of Literature Review 85 3.1.1.1 What Is Literature Review 85 3.1.1.2 The Formats of Literature Review 85 3.1.2 Purposes of Literature Review 86 3.1.2.1 To Understand Status Quo 86 3.1.2.2 To Learn from Other Professionals 87 3.1.2.3 To Look for New Opportunities 88 3.1.2.4 To Assess Research Methods 89 3.1.2.5 To Justify Proposed Research 90 3.1.3 Keys of Literature Review 90 3.1.3.1 Review Process 90 3.1.3.2 Information Processing 91 3.1.3.3 Focuses and Structure of Review 92 3.1.3.4 Items of Significance 93 3.2 Literature Sources and Search 94 3.2.1 Information and Process 94 3.2.1.1 Search Process 94 3.2.1.2 General Information Sources 95 3.2.1.3 Scholarly Publications 96 3.2.2 Literature Sources 97 3.2.2.1 Scholarly Databases 97 3.2.2.2 Public Domain Internet 97 3.2.2.3 Open Access 99 3.2.2.4 Patents 100 3.2.3 Considerations in Search 103 3.2.3.1 Using Keywords 103 3.2.3.2 Search with Constraints 104 3.2.3.3 Currency of Literature 105 3.2.3.4 When to Stop 107 3.3 Conducting Literature Review 108 3.3.1 Basic Tasks 108 3.3.1.1 Overall Attention 108 3.3.1.2 Organizing Analysis 109 3.3.1.3 Making Good Argument 110 3.3.2 Focal Points 111 3.3.2.1 On Methods 111 3.3.2.2 Exploring Trends 112 3.3.3 Standalone Review Articles 112 3.3.3.1 Review Articles 112 3.3.3.2 To Prepare Review Article 113 3.3.3.3 Structure of Literature Review 114 3.3.4 Writing Considerations 116 3.3.4.1 Professional Tone 116 3.3.4.2 Citation and Format 117 3.3.4.3 Common Concerns 117 Summary 118 Exercises 119 References 121 Part II Quantitative and Qualitative Methods 127 4 Research Data and Method Selection 129 4.1 Data in Research 129 4.1.1 Data Overview 129 4.1.1.1 Data and Research 129 4.1.1.2 Data Management 129 4.1.1.3 Data Science 131 4.1.2 Characteristics of Data 132 4.1.2.1 Data Distributions 133 4.1.2.2 Considerations in Research Data 133 4.1.3 Data Analysis 135 4.1.3.1 Prep to Data Analysis 135 4.1.3.2 Overall Data Analysis 136 4.2 Types of Data 137 4.2.1 Basic Types of Data 137 4.2.1.1 Primary Data 137 4.2.1.2 Secondary Data 137 4.2.1.3 Open Data 139 4.2.2 Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data 140 4.2.2.1 Numerical or Non-numerical Data 140 4.2.2.2 Quality of Quantitative Data 141 4.2.2.3 Reliability of Qualitative Data 141 4.2.3 Scales of Data 142 4.2.3.1 Nominal Data 142 4.2.3.2 Ordinal Data 143 4.2.3.3 Binary Data 143 4.2.3.4 Interval and Ratio Data 144 4.3 Data Collection 144 4.3.1 Data Collection Sampling 144 4.3.1.1 Purpose of Data Sampling 144 4.3.1.2 General Considerations for Sampling 145 4.3.1.3 To Determine Sample Size 146 4.3.2 Probability Sampling Methods 147 4.3.2.1 Simple Sampling 147 4.3.2.2 Systematic Sampling 148 4.3.2.3 Stratified and Cluster Sampling 148 4.3.3 Non-probability Sampling Methods 148 4.3.3.1 Types of Non-probability Sampling 148 4.3.3.2 Characteristics of Non-probability Sampling 150 4.4 Method Selection 151 4.4.1 Selection Factors 151 4.4.1.1 Objective Driven 151 4.4.1.2 Data Based 152 4.4.1.3 Various Process Steps 153 4.4.2 Qualitative and Quantitative 154 4.4.2.1 Qualitative vs. Quantitative 154 4.4.2.2 Induction vs. Deduction 156 4.4.2.3 Method Evaluation 157 4.4.3 Other Considerations 157 4.4.3.1 Knowledge and Preference 157 4.4.3.2 Possibility of Different Methods 158 4.4.3.3 Purposeful Data Selection 159 4.4.3.4 Non-data-related Research 159 Summary 160 Exercises 162 References 164 5 Quantitative Methods and Experimental Research 171 5.1 Statistical Analyses 171 5.1.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis 171 5.1.1.1 Overview of Statistical Analysis 171 5.1.1.2 Purposes of Descriptive Analysis 172 5.1.1.3 Central Tendency 173 5.1.1.4 Variability 173 5.1.2 Inferential Statistical Analysis 174 5.1.2.1 Characteristics of Inferential Analyses 174 5.1.2.2 Data Association 174 5.1.2.3 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 175 5.1.2.4 Regression Analyses 176 5.1.3 Interpretation of Analysis Results 179 5.1.3.1 Hypothesis Testing Process 179 5.1.3.2 Hypothesis Test Results 180 5.1.3.3 Outlier Detection and Exclusion 180 5.1.3.4 Identifying Limitations of Study 181 5.2 Quantitative Research 182 5.2.1 Mathematical Modeling 182 5.2.1.1 Concept of Modeling 182 5.2.1.2 Applications of Math Modeling 183 5.2.2 Optimization 183 5.2.2.1 Concept of Optimization 183 5.2.2.2 Optimization Applications 184 5.2.3 Computer Simulation 185 5.2.3.1 Concept of Simulation 185 5.2.3.2 Common Types of Simulation 186 5.2.3.3 Examples of Simulation 188 5.2.4 New Technologies 189 5.3 Experimental Studies 189 5.3.1 Overview of Experimental Studies 190 5.3.1.1 Basic Elements of Experiments 190 5.3.1.2 Influencing Factors 191 5.3.1.3 Other Considerations 191 5.3.2 Comparative Studies 192 5.3.2.1 Concept of Comparative Studies 192 5.3.2.2 True Experimental Design 193 5.3.2.3 Other Comparative Designs 195 5.4 Factorial Design of Experiment (DOE) 196 5.4.1 Introduction to DOE 196 5.4.1.1 Concept of DOE 196 5.4.1.2 Advantage of DOE 196 5.4.1.3 Two-level Factorial Design 198 5.4.2 Process of DOE Applications 198 5.4.2.1 Overall Procedure 198 5.4.3 Considerations in DOE 201 5.4.3.1 Basic Requirements 201 5.4.3.2 Fractional Factorial Designs 202 Summary 203 Exercises 204 References 206 6 Qualitative Methods and Mixed Methods 213 6.1 Qualitative Research 213 6.1.1 Qualitative Research Basics 213 6.1.1.1 Qualitative Methods Overview 213 6.1.1.2 Methods of Qualitative Analysis 214 6.1.1.3 Concepts and Applications 214 6.1.1.4 Using Qualitative Methods 216 6.1.2 Discussion on Qualitative Analysis 217 6.1.2.1 Qualitative Data and Research 217 6.1.2.2 Reflexive Thinking 218 6.1.2.3 Qualitative Analysis in Engineering 219 6.2 Questionnaire Survey 220 6.2.1 Basics of Survey 220 6.2.1.1 Survey Basics 220 6.2.1.2 Applications of Survey in Engineering 221 6.2.1.3 Structure of a Survey 221 6.2.1.4 Characteristics of Survey Study 222 6.2.2 Questionnaire Development 224 6.2.2.1 Development Tasks 224 6.2.2.2 Preparing Questions 225 6.2.2.3 Rating Scale 226 6.2.2.4 Open-Ended Questions 227 6.2.3 Considerations in Conducting Survey 228 6.2.3.1 Validation 228 6.2.3.2 Anonymity 228 6.2.3.3 Return Rate 228 6.2.3.4 Incentive 229 6.2.4 Data Analysis of Survey Results 229 6.2.4.1 Data Coding 229 6.2.4.2 Types of Data Analysis 230 6.3 Interviews and Observations 231 6.3.1 Interview Studies 231 6.3.1.1 Overview of Interviews 231 6.3.1.2 Types and Characteristics of Interviews 232 6.3.1.3 Considerations in Interviews 232 6.3.1.4 Limitations of Interviews 233 6.3.2 Focus Group Studies 233 6.3.2.1 Objective of Focus Group 233 6.3.2.2 Execution of Focus Group 234 6.3.2.3 Considerations of Focus Group 234 6.3.3 Observational Studies 235 6.3.3.1 Execution of Observational Studies 235 6.3.3.2 Advantages of Observational Studies 235 6.3.3.3 Limitations of Observational Studies 236 6.4 Mixed-Method Approaches 236 6.4.1 Combination of Two Types of Methods 236 6.4.1.1 Characteristics of Mixed Methods 236 6.4.1.2 Considerations for Using Mixed Methods 237 6.4.1.3 Applications of Mixed Method Research 238 6.4.2 Method Integration 240 6.4.2.1 Integration Considerations 240 6.4.2.2 Discussion of Mixed Methods 242 Summary 243 Exercises 245 References 246 Part III Management, Writing, and Publication 253 7 Research Execution and Management 255 7.1 Basics of Project Management 255 7.1.1 Life Cycle of Research Project 255 7.1.1.1 Research Life Cycle 255 7.1.1.2 Main Aspects of Research Project 255 7.1.1.3 Overall Efforts 256 7.1.1.4 Continuous Advance 259 7.1.2 Performance of Research Project 260 7.1.2.1 Performance and Planning 260 7.1.2.2 Execution and Reporting 261 7.1.2.3 Progress Monitoring 262 7.1.2.4 Project Adjustments 262 7.2 Research Administration 265 7.2.1 Overall Functionality 265 7.2.1.1 Goals of Research Administration 265 7.2.1.2 Administration and Support 265 7.2.1.3 Main Research Offices 267 7.2.1.4 Teamwork Between PI and RA 268 7.2.2 Academic Integrity 269 7.2.2.1 Research Misconduct 269 7.2.2.2 Plagiarism 271 7.2.2.3 Conflicts of Interest 271 7.2.2.4 Export Controls 272 7.3 Pre-Award Management 273 7.3.1 Tasks and Funding 273 7.3.1.1 Pre-Award Tasks 273 7.3.1.2 Support to Proposal Development 274 7.3.1.3 Internal Funding 275 7.3.1.4 External Funding Search 275 7.3.1.5 Funding Sources 276 7.3.2 Proposal Development 277 7.3.2.1 Assistance from RA 277 7.3.2.2 Budgeting Considerations 278 7.3.2.3 Proposal Checklists 279 7.3.3 Human Subjects (IRB) 280 7.3.3.1 Human Subjects Related 280 7.3.3.2 IRB Reviews 280 7.4 Post-Award Management 282 7.4.1 Project Acceptance and Set Up 282 7.4.1.1 Award Acceptance 282 7.4.1.2 Project Set Up 282 7.4.1.3 Project Reports 283 7.4.1.4 Project Changes 283 7.4.2 Application of Invention Patents 284 7.4.2.1 Considerations for Patent 284 7.4.2.2 Types of Patent 284 7.4.2.3 Patent Application Process 285 7.4.3 Project Closeout 287 7.4.3.1 Basic Process 287 7.4.3.2 Final Reports 288 7.4.3.3 Other Administrative Tasks 289 Summary 289 Exercises 290 References 292 8 Research Report and Presentation 297 8.1 Introduction to Academic Writing 297 8.1.1 Academic Writing 297 8.1.1.1 Academic Writing Overall 297 8.1.1.2 Requirements of Academic Writing 298 8.1.1.3 Elements and Their Significance 298 8.1.2 Common Types 299 8.1.2.1 Thesis and Dissertation 299 8.1.2.2 Project Report 301 8.1.2.3 Case Study Report 301 8.1.3 Reports and Papers 302 8.1.3.1 Types of Research Articles 302 8.1.3.2 Technical Reports Vs. Scholarly Papers 302 8.2 Elements of Report and Thesis 303 8.2.1 Key Elements 303 8.2.2 Core Elements 308 8.2.3 Supporting Elements 312 8.3 Development of Research Report 315 8.3.1 Process of Write-ups 315 8.3.1.1 Writing Sequence 315 8.3.1.2 Timing and Efforts 316 8.3.1.3 Update and Revision 316 8.3.2 Writing Format 317 8.3.2.1 Common Writing Styles 317 8.3.2.2 Sections and Headings 317 8.3.2.3 Figures and Tables 318 8.3.2.4 Equations and Special Symbols 318 8.3.3 Other Considerations 318 8.3.3.1 Statements and Limitations 319 8.3.3.2 Conciseness and Wording 319 8.3.3.3 Other Tips on Writing Style 321 8.4 Research Presentation 322 8.4.1 Presentation at Conference 322 8.4.1.1 Attending Conferences 322 8.4.1.2 Presentation and Keynote 322 8.4.1.3 Poster Presentation 323 8.4.1.4 Conference Costs 324 8.4.2 Presentation Design 324 8.4.2.1 Number of Slides 325 8.4.2.2 Slide Layout 326 8.4.2.3 Graphics and Fonts 328 8.4.3 Considerations for Presentation 328 8.4.3.1 Practice for Overall Flow 328 8.4.3.2 Professional Presenting 329 8.4.3.3 Q&A Management 330 8.4.3.4 Student’s Projects 330 Summary 331 Exercises 332 References 334 9 Scholarly Paper and Publication 339 9.1 Considerations For Publication 339 9.1.1 To Publish, or Not To Publish 339 9.1.1.1 Possible Outlets 339 9.1.1.2 Objectives of Publications 339 9.1.1.3 Overall Publication Status 340 9.1.1.4 Publication of Industrial R&D 341 9.1.2 Types of Publication 343 9.1.2.1 Types of Journal Papers 343 9.1.2.2 Other Types of Publication 344 9.1.3 Paper Quality 345 9.1.3.1 Basic Requirements for Publication 345 9.1.3.2 Preparation for Reviews 346 9.2 Publication Process 347 9.2.1 Overall Publication Process 347 9.2.1.1 Main Steps 347 9.2.1.2 Copyright Paperwork 349 9.2.2 Peer Review Process 350 9.2.2.1 Peer Review Overview 351 9.2.2.2 Review Process and Ratings 351 9.2.2.3 Characteristics of Peer Review 352 9.2.2.4 Peer Review for Conference 353 9.2.3 Review Comment and Response 353 9.2.3.1 Comments and Recommendations of Reviewers 353 9.2.3.2 Response to Peer Review 354 9.2.3.3 Rejection Handling 355 9.3 Target Scholarly Journals 356 9.3.1 Journal Selection 356 9.3.1.1 Overall Considerations 356 9.3.1.2 Relevance 357 9.3.1.3 Quality Factors 357 9.3.1.4 Publishing Cost 359 9.3.2 Journal Quality Indicators 360 9.3.2.1 JCR Impact Factor 360 9.3.2.2 CiteScore 361 9.3.2.3 Other Indicators 361 9.4 Writing For Publication 362 9.4.1 From Report to Paper 362 9.4.1.1 Additional Revision 362 9.4.1.2 Elements of Research Paper 362 9.4.1.3 Convert Thesis to Paper 363 9.4.1.4 English Writing 364 9.4.2 Abstract 364 9.4.2.1 General Requirements 364 9.4.2.2 Examples for Discussion 365 9.4.2.3 Structured Abstract 365 9.4.2.4 Highlights 367 9.4.2.5 Keywords 368 9.4.3 Other Sections 369 9.4.3.1 Introduction 369 9.4.3.2 Discussion 369 9.4.3.3 Optional Items 370 9.4.4 Publishing Ethics 370 9.4.4.1 Appropriate Citation 370 9.4.4.2 Authorship 371 9.4.4.3 Exclusive Submission 373 9.4.4.4 Publishing COI and IRB 373 Summary 374 Exercises 375 References 376 Epilogue 381 Index 383

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Book SynopsisMany of the findings in the book . . . are classics of ecology. . . . A rare and delightful insight into timely science.Jane Lubchenco,Nature Estes's refreshing narrative deftly weaves rigorous science with personal reflection to create an absorbing and introspective read that is equal parts memoir, ecological textbook, and motivational guidebook for young ecologists.Science To newly minted biologist James Estes, the sea otters he was studying in the leafy kelp forests off the coast of Alaska appeared to have an unbalanced relationship with their greater environment. Gorging themselves on the sea urchins that grazed among the kelp, these small charismatic mammals seemed to give little back in return. But as Estes dug deeper, he unearthed a far more complex relationship between the otter and its underwater environment, discovering that otters play a critical role in driving positive ecosystem dynamics. While teasing out the connective threads, he began to question our assumptions about ecological relationships. These questions would ultimately inspire a lifelong quest to better understand the surprising complexity of our natural world and the unexpected ways we discover it. Serendipity tells the story of James Estes's life as a naturalist and the concepts that have driven his interest in researching the ecological role of top-level predators. Using the relationships between sea otters, kelp, and sea urchins as a touchstone, Estes retraces his investigations of numerous other species, ecosystems, and ecological processes in an attempt to discover why ecologists can learn so many details about the systems in which they work and yet understand so little about the broader processes that influence these systems. Part memoir, part natural history, and deeply inquisitive,Serendipity will entertain and inform readers as it raises thoughtful questions about our relationship with the natural world.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Informative, pragmatic responses about what, why, and how we eat." * Kirkus Reviews *“An easily digestible series of Q&A-format chapters, the book explores questions of what personal nutrition looks like in our complicated food world, and how both flawed policy and corporate interests can make sustainable and healthy eating challenging. . . . Nestle deftly threads many of the nutritional issues facing the country.”
 * FoodPrint *"There is no one who knows more about food politics and policy and its effects on health in this country than Marion Nestle. . . . Years of research on various aspects of our systems have made her the go-to, for many of us, when we can't make sense of something that should be very straightforward but is anything but. . . . Her perspective is expansive and her opinions direct." * KCRW/Good Food *“[Addresses] some of the most pressing issues around consumers’ diets, local and global food systems, and the environment. . . . Offers readers an accessible introduction to these complex topics. It also shows readers how they can fight for a better food system and a healthier planet.” * Food Tank *"Klein offers a concrete and approachable doorway to a discussion and study of race in America. She tells a compelling story, devoid of jargon and not requiring specialized knowledge, while still grounded in rigorous research." * Food, Culture & Society *"This 'little book' has big messages and is well worth reading even by those already active in food and nutrition advocacy. It achieves its goal of being accessible to diverse readers. Overall, it integrates topics that are discussed separately in Nestle’s previous books and that are often considered separately in public health and larger societal discourse but must ultimately be addressed by coordinated solutions." * American Journal of Public Health *Table of ContentsIntroduction I. THE POLITICS OF PERSONAL DIETS AND HEALTH 1. What is a healthy diet? 2. Why does nutrition advice always seem to be changing? 3. Are low-carb diets really better for us? 4. Can food be addictive? 5. Is fake meat better for us—and the planet—than the real thing? 6. Is it a good idea to self-medicate with supplements or superfoods? II. THE COMMUNITY POLITICS OF FOOD CHOICE 7. Why should anyone go hungry, ever? 8. Is obesity really only a matter of personal responsibility? 9. Why isn’t healthy school food a no-brainer? 10. Why don’t we demand a higher standard of food safety? 11. Why can’t we stop wasting food? 12. Do we need a national food policy agency? III. THE GLOBAL POLITICS OF DIETS, HEALTH, AND THE ENVIRONMENT 13. Can we feed the world well? 14. Is the “free” market the path to a stable global food supply? 15. Can we stop agriculture from contributing to global warming? 16. Will technology fix our food system? 17. What are Sustainable Development Goals, and why should we care? 18. Is there a road map to the future of food? Conclusion: Take Action Abbreviations Sources and Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisDislocations are defects in the crystal structure of important engineering materials, such as metals, ceramics and semi-conductors, that strongly influence the properties of these materials. This title uses minimal mathematics to present theory and applications of dislocations.Trade Review"The authors have taken an already exemplary textbook and ensured that it is both up-to-date and manageable. The carefully chosen bibliography sections at the end of every chapter are invaluable. There is no alternative book on dislocation theory that covers the ground of this volume and there does not need to be." --Materials World Magazine, October 2012 "This book fits a very much needed slot as it is written at a level that is much easier to understand than the classic old texts on dislocations...and is, for that reason, ideal for both undergraduates and beginning or interdisciplinary graduate students." --Kevin J. Hemker, Professor and Chair of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University "One of the most striking advantages of the book is the concise and lucid text...There are many books dealing with dislocations but only one up-to-date introduction. It is warmly recommended to teachers and students in solid state sciences" --Crystallization Technology "As we grow older, we tend to grow fatter but wiser. This is certainly the case of the 4th edition of 'Introduction to Dislocations'...the book is excellent value and there is no excuse why every student of metallurgy should not be familiar with its contents, and every researcher have it readily to hand." --Steel TimesTable of Contents1. Defects in Crystals 2. Observation of Dislocations 3. Movement of Dislocations 4. Elastic Properties of Dislocations 5. Dislocations in Face-centered Cubic Metals 6. Dislocations in Other Crystal Structures 7. Jogs and the Intersection of Dislocations 8. Origin and Multiplication of Dislocations 9. Dislocation Arrays and Crystal Boundaries 10. Strength of Crystalline Solids

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction: materials-history and character 2. Family trees: organising materials and processes 3. Strategic thinking: matching material to design 4. Elastic stiffness, and weight: atomic bonding and packing 5. Stiffness-limited design 6. Beyond elasticity: plasticity, yielding and ductility 7. Strength-limited design 8. Fracture and fracture toughness 9. Cyclic loading and fatigue failure 10. Fracture- and fatigue-limited design 11. Friction and wear 12. Materials and heat 13. Diffusion and creep: materials at high temperatures 14. Durability: oxidation, corrosion, degradation 15. Electrical materials: conductors, insulators, and dielectrics 16. Magnetic materials 17. Materials for optical devices 18. Manufacturing processes and design 19. Processing, microstructure and properties 20. Materials, environment, and sustainability Guided Learning Unit 1: Simple ideas of crystallography Guided Learning Unit 2: Phase diagrams and phase transformations Appendix A: Data for engineering materials Appendix B: Corrosion tables Appendix C: Material properties and length scales

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Measurement systems 2. Instrumentation systems elements 3. Instrumentation case studies 4. Control Systems 5. Process controllers 6. Correction elements 7. PLC systems 8. Systems 9. Transfer function 10. Systems response 11. Frequency response 12. Nyquist diagrams 13. Controllers Appendix A: Errors B: Differential equations C: Laplace transform

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Book SynopsisProviding a systematic approach and simple introduction ot the finite element method, this self-contained book will enable the reader to obtain a clear understanding of the concepts involved in this traditionally complicated methodology.Table of Contents Introduction. Matrix Algebra. Direct Approach. Strong and Weak Formulations - One-dimensional Heat Flow. Gradient - Gauss' Divergence Theorem - Green Theorem. Strong and Weak Forms - Two-and Three-Dimensional Heat Flow. Choice of Approximating Functions for the FE-method - Scalar Problems. Choice of Weight Function - Weighted Residual Methods. FE-formulation of One-Dimensional Heat Flow. FE-formulation of Two-and-Three Dimensional Heat Flow. Guidelines for Element Meshes and Global Nodal Numbering. Stresses and Strains. Linear Elasticity. FE-formulation of Torsion and Non-circular Shafts. Approximating Functions for the FE-method - Vector Problems. FE-formulation of Three-and-Two Dimensional Elasticity. FE-formulation of Beams. FE-formulation of Plates. Isoparametric Finite Elements. Numerical Integration.

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Book SynopsisMeasurement is a fundamental concept that underpins almost every aspect of the modern world. It is central to the sciences, social sciences, medicine, and economics, but it affects everyday life. We measure everything - from the distance of far-off galaxies to the temperature of the air, levels of risk, political majorities, taxes, blood pressure, IQ, and weight. The history of measurement goes back to the ancient world, and its story has been one of gradual standardization. Today there are different types of measurement, levels of accuracy, and systems of units, applied in different contexts. Measurement involves notions of variability, accuracy, reliability, and error, and challenges such as the measurement of extreme values.In this Very Short Introduction, David Hand explains the common mathematical framework underlying all measurement, the main approaches to measurement, and the challenges involved. Following a brief historical account of measurement, he discusses measurement as used in the physical sciences and engineering, the life sciences and medicine, the social and behavioural sciences, economics, business, and public policy.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsREFERENCES; FURTHER READING; INDEX

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Book SynopsisGuy Crosby offers a lively tour of the history and science behind the art of cooking, with a focus on achieving a healthy daily diet. He traces the evolution of cooking from its earliest origins, recounting the innovations that have unraveled the mysteries of health and taste.Trade ReviewAs a foodie myself I was delighted to see all suspicions confirmed in Cook, Taste, Learn—that advances in the culinary arts are commonly empowered by curious scientists who also happen to be hungry. -- Neil deGrasse Tyson, American Museum of Natural HistoryCook, Taste, Learn entertains with a smorgasbord of curious facts, delightful explanations, and fun recipes. What is so special about olive oil? Why use one kind of potato for baking and another for boiling? How does one make scrambled eggs fluffy? Crosby’s history of cooking provides a riveting education for your inner chef. -- Richard Wrangham, author of Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us HumanCook, Taste, Learn elegantly intertwines history, chemistry, anthropology, and culinary science to create a captivating guided tour through the arc of human invention. The general scientific advancements feel just as vital to our enjoyment of good food as the evolution of cooking science. An accessible and inspiring contribution to the history of science! -- Ali Bouzari, author of Ingredient: Unveiling the Essential Elements of FoodCrosby is a longtime collaborator, my science expert-in-chief, who has answered every food science question I have ever had. . . . The genius of his Cook, Taste, Learn is that he pairs useful science with the history of cooking. This makes for a digestible work that [is] punctuated by useful deep dives into boiling in water versus cooking in oil, the science of gels, why terroir matters when cooking beans (the calcium content varies wildly), and how atomic theory changed the understanding of cooking. In Cook, Taste, Learn, you can have your cake and understand its chemistry too. -- Christopher Kimball * Milk Street Magazine *If you are chemist who is whizz in the lab but not so great in the kitchen, this might just be the perfect thing for you! * Chemistry World *A sprightly delight. * Nature *Reveals the possibilities for transforming cooking from a craft into the perfect blend of art and science. * Food Technology *If you’re interested in the science of food and cooking and its history, this is a great book to read. * Food Crumbles *A well-developed volume with a strong foundation in science. * Choice *Table of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. The Evolution of Cooking (2 Million–12,000 Years Ago)2. The Dawn of Agriculture Revolutionizes Cooking (12,000 Years Ago–1499)3. Early Science Inspires Creativity in Cooking (1500–1799)4. The Art of Cooking Embraces the Science of Atoms (1800–1900)5. Modern Science Transforms the Art of Cooking (1901–Present)6. Cooking Science Catches Fire!7. The Good, the Bad, and the Future of Cooking ScienceBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisFergus Chadwick grew up in rural County Durham in the UK, and from an early age his interest in nature was apparent. Spending most of his childhood chasing insects, he took up beekeeping at the age of 13, under the mentorship of local beekeeper John Simon. From that moment on, he was hooked on bees. He went on to study Biological Sciences at Somerville College, the University of Oxford, where his work on the relationship between bees and neonicotinoid pesticides (carried out at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology) formed the basis of his dissertation. His current research focuses broadly on bee behaviour under the influence of pesticides. He is a passionate advocate of science communication and access to education. Steve Alton is an ecologist, botanist, and beekeeper's assistant who looks after Ashdown Forest, an area of heathland in Sussex best known as the home of Winnie the Pooh. Before that he worked for 13 years at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, collecting seeds for thTrade ReviewBeautifully designed with great illustrations and pictures * BBC Good Food *

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Book Synopsis''An utterly dazzling book, the best piece of history I have read for a long time'' Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in Twelve Maps''Not merely an horologist''s delight, but an ingenious meditation on the nature and symbolism of time-keeping itself'' Richard HolmesThe measurement of time has always been essential to human civilization, from early Roman sundials to the advent of GPS. But while we have one eye on the time every day, are we aware of the power clocks have given governments, military leaders and business owners, and how they have shaped our lives and our world?In this spectacularly far-reaching book, David Rooney narrates a history of timekeeping and civilization in twelve concise chapters. Over their course, we meet the most epochal inventions in horological history, from medieval water clocks to Renaissance hourglasses, and from stock-exchange timestamps to satellites in Earth''s orbit. We discover how clocks have helped people navigate the globe and build empires, but also, on occasion, taken us to the brink of destruction.This is the story of time, and the story of time is the story of us.Trade Review'About Time is an utterly dazzling book, the best piece of history I have read for a long time. From sundials in ancient Rome to astronomical, water-driven, mechanical and atomic timepieces used throughout history and across cultures, Rooney has written the definitive book on these remarkable objects that give order to everyday life. It is a moving and beautifully written book that even takes us 5,000 years into the future with plutonium clocks ticking away beneath our feet. There will be many puns about this as a timely book; in fact, it is timeless' -- Jerry Brotton, author of A History of the World in Twelve Maps'Not merely an horologist's delight, but an ingenious meditation on the nature and symbolism of time-keeping itself. From the medieval hourglass to the Doomsday Clock, from Jaipur to Jodrell Bank, from GMT to GPS, Rooney ticks off time in a highly entertaining series of historical tales and parables which also give pause for thought and sometimes alarming reflections. I will never hear the pips, or ask 'what's the time?' in quite the same way again. A striking success' -- Richard Holmes'Fascinating... it's to Rooney's credit that although he clearly knows a colossal amount about clocks, he wears his learning very lightly' -- Dominic Sandbrook * Sunday Times *People say time is money, but David Rooney knows better. In this information-packed swoop through history and into the future, he exposes time's many identities along with the hidden agendas of clocks. Time is knowledge. Time is power. Time is faith. Time is destiny -- Dava Sobel, author of Longitude'Abundantly clever ... [Rooney's] notion is that time-noting instruments of one kind or another have been central to human endeavor, and he illustrates the power of such influence by scores of well-curated examples ... lovely and engaging, with myriad fascinations on every page' -- Simon Winchester * New York Times *'Enthralling and important, About Time takes us deep into the past and far into the future. With David Rooney as personable guide, we peer inside clocks from Kyoto to Cape Town, discovering what they meant to the diverse people who made them, used them, whose lives were ruled by them. . . . This is a gripping and revealing account of time, and humanity's changing relationship with it' -- Seb Falk, author of The Light Ages: The Surprising Story of Medieval Science'A fascinating volume on what clocks say both to us and about us ... full of riches ... a valuable intellectual journey at a moment ripe for contemplation' * Wall Street Journal *'David Rooney's passionate enthusiasm for everything clock-related leaps off every page. The vivid writing, engaging stories and autobiographical details combine to offer a rich and generous picture of the history of clocks, from China and Japan to Central Europe, the Middle East and outer space. In clear, pacey and evocative prose, Rooney's volume takes in ancient wonders and modern marvels, leaving us at once enlightened and moved' -- Ludmilla Jordanova, author of History in PracticeThe measurement of time is a convenience, a jailor, a tyrannical device. David Rooney's delightful and discursive work anatomises that tyranny. Page after page offers up instances of time's ubiquity and its mercurial power to get into the interstices of the everyday -- Jonathan Meades'About Time is startlingly original. Rooney is immensely knowledgeable and passionate about his subject. His engaging style should make this book, which carries valuable warnings about the future of humanity, a popular-science classic' -- Patricia Fara * Literary Review *'A fascinating and sometimes frightening story. Rooney weaves a convincing tale of the evil uses to which clocks have been put' * Daily Express *'Captivating ... a diverting way to spend a few hours of precious time' * The Economist *'About Time provides a fascinating look at timekeeping devices throughout history and the societal roles they've filled. A quick but thoughtful read ensuring you will never look at your alarm clock or smartphone the same way again' * Booklist *'Fascinating ... exposes the tyranny of clocks ... with [Rooney's] book in hand, and an eye on the world that sustains us, we might just save ourselves' * Forbes *'I've spent a lot of my life trying to reconnect with my experience of time before I learned to read a clock's three hands. Clock-time has always oppressed me, and Rooney's explorations of its use as a tool of power affirmed my unease about it in a spectacular fashion. His book is a great read, full of fascinating stories, histories and agendas' -- Jem Finer'The author knows his subject intimately ... a fascinating story about how clocks have not only kept the time for us but also defined the times we've lived in' * Washington Examiner *'Takes readers on a fascinating journey into the past and the future of time-keeping methods and technology ... [Rooney] reminds readers that clocks are not just critical to the progress of civilization but also in the waging of warfare' * Telegraph India *

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Book SynopsisCovering the applied science, manufacturing methods and mathematics related to cycles and cycling in an easy-to-understand way which will be accessible to both experienced cyclists and laypeople. This book will be a particularly useful resource for students on IMI, City & Guilds and Cytech Cycle Maintenance courses. Table of Contents1. Brief History of Bicycles and Bicycling 2. The Bicycle Frame 3. Wheels and Tyres 4. Gears and Drive 5. Brakes 6. Let’s get comfortable, saddles and handle bars 7. Electrical Power 8. Add-ons and Kit 9. Bicycle Materials 10. Soldering, Brazing and Welding 11. Reinforced Composite Materials 12. Data 13. Heath, Safety and Environment 14. The Bicycle Industry 15. Science Terminology 16. Service and Repair

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Book SynopsisThis is the third edition of a popular introductory guide to the function and future of the air cargo supply chain, an industry which responded with remarkable efficiency when faced with the challenges and impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. It reviews the role & strategy of air cargo and its contribution to world trade.Table of Contents1 Basics of Air Logistics; 2 Integrators; 3 Ground Handling; 4 Airports; 5 History; 6 Security; 7 Special Cargoes; 8 The Multimodal Family; 9 Technology in Air Logistics; 10 The Environment Challenge; 11 Career Opportunities in Air Logistics; 12 Views of the Future; 13 Glossary of Common Terms

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces fundamental, advanced, and future-oriented scientific quality management methods for the engineering and manufacturing industries. It presents new knowledge and experiences in the manufacturing industry with real world case studies. It introduces Quality 4.0 with Industry 4.0, including quality engineering tools for software quality and offers lean quality management methods for lean manufacturing. It also bridges the gap between quality management and quality engineering, and offers a scientific methodology for problem solving and prevention. The methods, techniques, templates, and processes introduced in this book can be utilized in various areas in industry, from product engineering to manufacturing and shop floor management. This book will be of interest to manufacturing industry leaders and managers, who do not require in-depth engineering knowledge. It will also be helpful to engineers in design and suppliers in management and manufacturing, all who have dTrade Review"This is an exceptional book, very timely and useful, and a pleasant surprise for many people who develop technology. Dr. Lim impresses the reader with his bird’s eye view of the history of civilization and the central role that technology played on the way to the advanced societies of today. The treatment is systematic and holistic. It is based on principles many of which emerged from Dr. Lim’s stellar career devoted to quality in the best auto manufacturing companies of the world."- Adrian Bejan is the author of The Physics of Life: The Evolution of Everything, St. Martin’s Press, 2016."This is an exceptional book, very timely and useful, and a pleasant surprise for many people who develop technology. Dr. Lim impresses the reader with his bird’s eye view of the history of civilization and the central role that technology played on the way to the advanced societies of today. The treatment is systematic and holistic. It is based on principles many of which emerged from Dr. Lim’s stellar career devoted to quality in the best auto manufacturing companies of the world."- Adrian Bejan, J.A. Jones Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Duke University"Deming, Juran and other leading experts developed the foundation of quality management. Dr. Lim builds off this foundation and offers a practical guide to manage quality within organizations and across supply chains. His work helps understand the role of quality in the increasing technologically connected world of Industry 4.0. Dr. Lim has advanced our understanding of how to manage quality in an increasingly changing world, which is grounded in principles and the scientific method."- Kevin Linderman, Curtis L Carlson Professor of Supply Chain Management, University of MinnesotaTable of ContentsFundamentals of Manufacturing and Engineering. Fundamentals of Quality in Manufacturing. Quality System, Management, and Engineering. Principle-based Quality Management. Quality Engineering and Methods. Scientific Problem Management. Scientific Quality Planning. Structured Quality Deployment. Lean Quality Management. Software Quality Management. Quality 4.0 in Smart Manufacturing.

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Building on the success of its 1993 predecessor, this second edition of Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution has been thoroughly re-written, updated and extended to provide a complete and authoritative account of modern hydrogeochemistry.Offering a quantitative approach to the study of groundwater quality and the interaction of water, minerals, gases, pollutants and microbes, this book shows how physical and chemical theory can be applied to explain observed water qualities and variations over space and time. Integral to the presentation, geochemical modelling using PHREEQC code is demonstrated, with step-by-step instructions for calculating and simulating field and laboratory data. Numerous figures and tables illustrate the theory, while worked examples including calculations and theoretical explanations assist the reader in gaining a deeper understanding of the concepts involved. A crucial read for students of hydrogeology, geochemistry and civil engineer

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Book SynopsisA collection of distilled wisdom, acute observation and fascinating anecdotes from one of Britainâs greatest living sailors.Trade Review“RKJ's authority on sailing and his dry wit shines through nicely... this book definitely has plenty of entertainment value.” (Sailing Today) “...an ideal book to pick up and put down without losing track of where you are.” (Yachts & Yachting).Table of ContentsForeword; Preface; Going places; Sailing solo; Safety at sea; Life on board; Ocean rescue; The Southern Ocean; Sailing and the wider world; Hazards of the oceans; The changing face of sailing; Index

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Book SynopsisAsset Management, Second edition is a key reference for practitioners and decision makers working in infrastructure and asset dependent businesses, and will also appeal to students and practitioners new to this area.

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Book SynopsisIn Emergent Ecologies Eben Kirksey insists that we should turn our attention toward small-scale ecologies and search for hope in the efforts of individuals who are building new ecologies, and in the plants, animals, and fungi that are flourishing in unexpected places.Trade Review"Amid widespread environmental destruction, with radical changes taking place in ecosystems throughout the Americas, where can we find hope? Emergent Ecologies takes readers on an adventure through the Americas stopping over in ecosystems, laboratories, art exhibits, forests, and more in Panama, New York, Maine, Florida, Costa Rica to tell a story about the practices of worldmaking by ants, frogs, fungi, and other ontological amphibians. This is an exuberant and sensitively-written multispecies ethnography that is also a pleasure to read." -- Carla Nappi * New Books in Science, Technology and Society *"With an activist’s ardor, Kirksey urges us to acknowledge that ecology’s current emphasis on preservation is futile. Our desire to conserve ecosystems, he insists, will be constantly thwarted. Instead, he argues for an active and pragmatic project of future making. For Kirksey, the project is urgent. It must begin now." -- Jeffrey Jerome Cohen * Public Books *"More than ever before, fear drives the modern world. This book makes for a modern, sometimes terrifying, and a somewhat deep read. It is recommended for those interested in the 'new world' and its history. Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above; faculty and professionals." -- F. Huettmann * Choice *"Innovative, thoroughly researched, and well written – a labour of love. It is best at its most specific, when Kirksey’s infectious curiosity and freewheeling fieldwork reveal surprising connections across biological theory, political economy, and cultural history." -- Ashley Carse * Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 1. Parallax 8 2. Ontological Amphibians 17 3. Hope in the Reverted Zone 36 4. Happiness and Glass 52 5. Bubbles 72 6. Xenoecologies 86 7. Becoming Wild 105 8. Multispecies Families 134 9. Parasites of Capitalism 163 10. Possible Futures 190 Conclusion 217 Acknowledgments 221 Notes 227 Bibliography 269 Index 291

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to growing, harvesting and processing nuts, written by forest gardening expert Martin Crawford.Nut trees are perennials, requiring little maintenance or soil cultivation, so it is no surprise that nuts are such a popular forest garden crop. A crucial source of protein and a delicious snack, nuts also have a number of surprising health benefits. They lower blood pressure, are full of antioxidants, and decrease the risk of heart and neurodegenerative diseases. Filled with gorgeous illustrations of trees and nuts, How to Grow Your Own Nuts contains old favourites like hazelnuts and walnuts alongside less common varieties such as hickories and butternuts and the exotically named chinkapin. It considers how nuts can be planted in a variety of ways: singly in a small area, in an orchard or nuttery, as silvopasture around grazing animals, in alley cropping between cereal crops or intercropping between fruit bushes. This beautiful guide also features a handTrade ReviewAll who have room for a tree should grow nuts – serious nutrition with huge gastronomic potential. In yet another beautiful book, one of our most accomplished forest gardeners shows how. * Colin Tudge, biologist, science writer, broadcaster and founder of The Campaign for Real Farming *How to Grow Your Own Nuts is the best guide I've seen to home and small-farm nut growing for the temperate climates, featuring species selection, cultivating, harvest, and processing. It includes many lesser-known species alongside standards like walnut, chestnut, and hazel. This is an essential guide to production of these perennial staple crops. * Eric Toensmeier, permaculturist, author and Yale University lecturer *Martin Crawford is a one-man wonder! In this grand and beautiful book on nut culture he has assembled decades of practical insight to help gardeners and orchardists grow ‘bread from trees.’ From planting to harvesting, selection to storage, and pruning to pest control, you’ll find the answers here. Complete with a thorough and lovingly illustrated guide to 19 species of nuts for the temperate world, this book sets a new standard for a vital but little-known field. If we must transform our agriculture to build soil and store carbon, then nut trees belong in all our futures. * Peter Bane, author of The Permaculture Handbook *A beautifully presented, clear, comprehensive bible from the man who knows more than anyone about growing nuts. Full of inspiration and information. It’s a great book. * Mark Diacono, gardener, food writer and broadcaster *Table of ContentsIntroduction Part One Cultivating and processing nuts Growing nut trees Maintenance and propagation of nut trees Harvesting and processing nuts Part TWO Nut trees A–Z Almond (Prunus dulcis) Black walnut (Juglans nigra) Bladdernuts (Staphylea spp.) Buartnut (Juglans x bixbyi) Butternut (Juglans cinerea) Chinkapin/Chinquapin (Castanea pumila) Ginkgo/Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba) Golden Chinkapins (Castenopsis spp.) (Chrysolepis spp.) Hazelnut and Filbert (Corylus avellana, C. maxima) Heartnut (Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis) Hickories (Carya spp.) Monkey puzzle (Araucaria araucana) Oaks (Quercus spp.) Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Pines (Pinus spp.) Sweet Chestnut (Castanea spp.) Trazels (Corlus spp.) Walnut (Juglans regia) Yellowhorn Glossary Appendix 1: Nutritional content of nuts Appendix 2: Common and Latin names Resources Photo credits Index

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From Mediterranean Europe to Chile and from China to Australia, chestnut cultivation surface has greatly increased globally over the last several decades. The crop provides solid revenue to growers, is resilient to climate change and the fruits are a calorie-dense, carbohydrate-rich nut, the production of which improves soil and sequesters carbon. However, there is a great lack and a great need for technical information on management of old and new chestnut plantations.The Chestnut Handbook shares achievements in chestnut development and cultivation including information on sustainable planning and management of chestnut production from nursery to plantation, entomology, pathology, and ecosystem services. Cultivation techniques of Chinese, Japanese, and European chestnut species including hybrids are described containing information on over 550 local and commercial cultivars. Beautiful original handmade drawings and technical sheets facilit

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