Technology, Engineering & Agriculture Books
Schiffer Publishing Ltd The Tiger I in Combat
Book Synopsis
£9.49
Workman Publishing The Backyard Homestead Seasonal Planner: What to
Book SynopsisThis hardworking addition to the best-selling Backyard Homestead series offers expert advice on what tasks to do around your farm and when to do them — no matter where on the planet you call home. Author Ann Larkin Hansen sets the priorities for each area of the farm, including the barn, garden, orchard, field, pasture, and woodlot. For every critical turn of the year (12 in all), Hansen provides an at-a-glance to-do list along with tips and a more in-depth discussion of key topics for the season. Easy-reference charts, checklists, and record-keeping sections help you keep track of it all. Also available in this series: The Backyard Homestead, The Backyard Homestead Book of Building Projects, The Backyard Homestead Guide to Raising Farm Animals, and The Backyard Homestead Book of Kitchen Know-How.
£14.24
John Wiley & Sons Inc Computational Methods for Electromagnetics
Book SynopsisTreating both integral and differential equation formulations in a unified manner, this book should be a useful reference for graduate use or self-study. Its primary focus is on open-region formulations, and the majority of the material is presented in the context of electromagnetic scattering.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Electromagnetic Theory. Integral Equation Methods for Scattering from Infinite Cylinders. Differential Equation Methods for Scattering from Infinite Cylinders. Algorithms for the Solution of Linear Systems of Equations. The Discretization Process. Basis/Testing Functions and Convergence. Alternative Surface Integral Equation Formulations. Strip Gratings and Other Two-Dimensional Structures with One-Dimensional Periodicity. Three-Dimensional problems with Translational or Rotational Symmetry. Subsectional Basis Functions for MultiDimensional and Vector Problems. Integral Equation Methods for Three-Dimensional Bodies. Frequency-Domain Differential Equation Formulations for Open Three-Dimensional Problems. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods on Orthogonal Meshes. Appendix A: Quadrature. Appendix B: Source-Field Relationships for Cylinders Illuminated by an Obliquely Incident Field. Appendix C: Fortran Codes for TM Scattering From Perfect Electric Conducting Cylinders. Appendix D: Additional Software Available Via the Internet. Index. About the Authors.
£157.45
£21.53
Random House USA Inc Engineers of Victory
Book Synopsis
£19.55
STAR BOOK SALES Lamborghini
Book Synopsis
£46.75
Henry Holt & Company Blockbusters
Book Synopsis
£29.99
Emerald Publishing Limited Seismic Design of Foundations
Book SynopsisSeismic Design of Foundations presents state-of-the-art information which will be ideal for any student studying postgraduate civil engineering or structural engineering as well as researchers and practitioners working in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering.
£89.30
Historic England Timber Decay in Buildings and its Treatment
Book SynopsisThis is a book about the insects and fungi that may appear in building timbers if unnoticed or unavoidable maintenance problems allow them to remain damp. There are two options if a problem is found. The building owner or occupier may require the organism to be rapidly exterminated and a document issued which seems to reassure that it will not come back. In this case they must accept generally expensive and frequently destructive chemical treatments using more or less noxious pesticides. Unfortunately each decade’s panacea has usually become the next decade’s poison and a pesticide accepted as `safe’ has proved elusive. Pesticides may be used in a `safe manner’ and this is the province of the remedial company, but legislation is continuously evolving and pesticides are becoming increasingly unpopular. The second option is to take a little time and to consider the problem. This may not always be possible, but in many situations a little background knowledge can make a considerable difference. Frequently an understanding of why the damage has occurred, together with an understanding of insect or fungi requirements and limitations, can reduce treatments or show that they are unnecessary. Table of ContentsPart 1 Understanding the Problem 1. Why is the durability of wood variable? 2. Decay and insect damage Part 2 Wood Destroying Fungi 1. Decay fungi and their requirements 2. Fungi that cause brown rots 3. Fungi that cause white rots 4. Fungi that indicate damp but not decay 5. The treatment of decay Part 3 wood destroying insects 1. Beetles from the dead parts of living trees 2. Sapwood feeders in freshly sawn timber 3. Feeders on decaying timber 4. Bark beetles 5. Chemical damage
£22.00
Princeton University Press How Round Is Your Circle
Book SynopsisInvites readers to explore many of the same fundamental questions that working engineers deal with every day. This title illustrates how physical models are created from abstract mathematical ones.Trade Review"There are many books that include ideas or instructions for making mathematical models. What is special about this one is the emphasis on the relation of model- or tool-building with the physical world. The authors have devoted themselves to making wood or metal models of most of the constructions presented; 33 color plates nicely show off their success in this area."--Stan Wagon, American Scientist "The question posed by this book turns out to be a real toughie, but nevertheless the authors urge you to answer it. This gem of a book tackles several such questions, revealing why they are crucial to engineering and to our understanding of our everyday world. With a nice emphasis on practical experiments, the authors do a refreshing job of bringing out the mathematics you learned in school but sadly never knew why. And they show just how intuitive it can be."--Matthew Killeya, New Scientist "Mathematics teachers and Sudoku addicts will simply be unable to put the book down... Part magic show, part history lesson, and all about geometry, How Round Is Your Circle? is an eloquent testimonial to the authors' passion for numbers. Perhaps it will spark a similar interest in some young numerophile-to-be."--Civil Engineering "This is a great book for engineers and mathematicians, as well as the interested lay person. Although some of the theoretical mathematics may not be familiar, you can skip it without losing the point. For school teachers and lecturers seeking to inspire, this is a fantastic resource."--Owen Smith, Plus Magazine "This book is very clearly written and beautifully illustrated, with line drawings and a collection of photographs of practical models. I can strongly recommend it to anyone with a bit of math knowledge and an interest in engineering problems--a terrific book."--Norman Billingham, Journal of the Society of Model and Experimental Engineers "This book has many gems and rainbows... The book will appeal to all recreational mathematicians ... not just because of the way it is written, but also because of the way puzzles, plane dissections and packing and the odd paper folding or origami task are used to bring a point home... More than one copy of this book should be in every school library... It should help to inspire a new generation into mathematics or engineering as well as be accessible to the general reader to show how much mathematics has made the modern world."--John Sharp, LMS Newsletter "This book can be dense, but it is great for dipping into, a rich resource of interesting thinking and project ideas. Bryant and Sangwin, the engineer and the mathematician, must have had a great time putting this book together. Their enthusiasm and humor shine through."--Tim Erickson, Mathematics Teacher "The book is very nicely printed and contains many nice figures and photographs of physical models, as well as an extensive bibliography. It can be recommended as a formal or recreational lecture both for mathematicians and engineers."--EMS NewsletterTable of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgements xix Chapter 1: Hard Lines 1 1.1 Cutting Lines 5 1.2 The Pythagorean Theorem 6 1.3 Broad Lines 10 1.4 Cutting Lines 12 1.5 Trial by Trials 15 Chapter 2: How to Draw a Straight Line 17 2.1 Approximate-Straight-Line Linkages 22 2.2 Exact-Straight-Line Linkages 33 2.3 Hart's Exact-Straight-Line Mechanism 38 2.4 Guide Linkages 39 2.5 Other Ways to Draw a Straight Line 41 Chapter 3: Four-Bar Variations 46 3.1 Making Linkages 49 3.2 The Pantograph 51 3.3 The Crossed Parallelogram 54 3.4 Four-Bar Linkages 56 3.5 The Triple Generation Theorem 59 3.6 How to Draw a Big Circle 60 3.7 Chebyshev's Paradoxical Mechanism 62 Chapter 4: Building the World's First Ruler 65 4.1 Standards of Length 66 4.2 Dividing the Unit by Geometry 69 4.3 Building the World's First Ruler 73 4.4 Ruler Markings 75 4.5 Reading Scales Accurately 81 4.6 Similar Triangles and the Sector 84 Chapter 5: Dividing the Circle 89 5.1 Units of Angular Measurement 92 5.2 Constructing Base Angles via Polygons 95 5.3 Constructing a Regular Pentagon 98 5.4 Building the World's First Protractor 100 5.5 Approximately Trisecting an Angle 102 5.6 Trisecting an Angle by Other Means 105 5.7 Trisection of an Arbitrary Angle 106 5.8 Origami 110 Chapter 6: Falling Apart 112 6.1 Adding Up Sequences of Integers 112 6.2 Duijvestijn's Dissection 114 6.3 Packing 117 6.4 Plane Dissections 118 6.5 Ripping Paper 120 6.6 A Homely Dissection 123 6.7 Something More Solid 125 Chapter 7: Follow My Leader 127 Chapter 8: In Pursuit of Coat-Hangers 138 8.1 What Is Area? 141 8.2 Practical Measurement of Areas 149 8.3 Areas Swept Out by a Line 151 8.4 The Linear Planimeter 153 8.5 The Polar Planimeter of Amsler 158 8.6 The Hatchet Planimeter of Prytz 161 8.7 The Return of the Bent Coat-Hanger 165 8.8 Other Mathematical Integrators 170 Chapter 9: All Approximations Are Rational 172 9.1 Laying Pipes under a Tiled Floor 173 9.2 Cogs and Millwrights 178 9.3 Cutting a Metric Screw 180 9.4 The Binary Calendar 182 9.5 The Harmonograph 184 9.6 A Little Nonsense! 187 Chapter 10: How Round Is Your Circle? 188 10.1 Families of Shapes of Constant Width 191 10.2 Other Shapes of Constant Width 193 10.3 Three-Dimensional Shapes of Constant Width 196 10.4 Applications 197 10.5 Making Shapes of Constant Width 202 10.6 Roundness 204 10.7 The British Standard Summit Tests of BS3730 206 10.8 Three-Point Tests 210 10.9 Shapes via an Envelope of Lines 213 10.10 Rotors of Triangles with Rational Angles 218 10.11 Examples of Rotors of Triangles 220 10.12 Modern and Accurate Roundness Methods 224 Chapter 11: Plenty of Slide Rule 227 11.1 The Logarithmic Slide Rule 229 11.2 The Invention of Slide Rules 233 11.3 Other Calculations and Scales 237 11.4 Circular and Cylindrical Slide Rules 240 11.5 Slide Rules for Special Purposes 241 11.6 The Magnameta Oil Tonnage Calculator 245 11.7 Non-Logarithmic Slide Rules 247 11.8 Nomograms 249 11.9 Oughtred and Delamain's Views on Education 251 Chapter 12: All a Matter of Balance 255 12.1 Stacking Up 255 12.2 The Divergence of the Harmonic Series 259 12.3 Building the Stack of Dominos 261 12.4 The Leaning Pencil and Reaching the Stars 265 12.5 Spiralling Out of Control 267 12.6 Escaping from Danger 269 12.7 Leaning Both Ways! 270 12.8 Self-Righting Stacks 271 12.9 Two-Tip Polyhedra 273 12.10 Uni-Stable Polyhedra 274 Chapter 13: Finding Some Equilibrium 277 13.1 Rolling Uphill 277 13.2 Perpendicular Rolling Discs 279 13.3 Ellipses 287 13.4 Slotted Ellipses 291 13.5 The Super-Egg 292 Epilogue 296 References 297 Index 303
£25.20
Schiffer Publishing Ltd Heinkel He 162
Book Synopsis
£13.29
CABI Publishing Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems
Book SynopsisThe understanding and management of land resources used by grazing animals are of major importance to ecologists and agricultural and environmental scientists. This book fills a major gap in the market by synthesising a range of perspectives on grazing systems, drawn from plant science, animal science and ecology. It outlines the principles of herbage growth and competition, of animal nutrition and grazing behaviour, and of the interactions of plant and animal factors that are central to an understanding of grazing systems. Chapters on the management of grazing systems cover both intensive and extensive systems (including rangelands) from all major agroecological zones of the world. The book is written by leading authorities from the USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Israel and France. It represents a major contribution to the literature for advanced students and research workers concerned with plant science (especially grasslands), animal science (especially ruminants), aTable of ContentsPart 1: Plants and Plant Populations 1: Tissue flows in grazed plant communities D Chapman (AgResearch, New Zealand) and G Lemaire (INRA, France) 2: Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: A functional interpretation D Briske (Texas A&M University) 3: Plant competition and population dynamics J Bullock (ITE, Wareham, UK) 4: Assessing and interpreting grass-woody plant dynamics S Archer (Texas A&M University) Part 2: Animals and Animal Populations 5: Foraging strategies of grazing animals M Demment (University of California) and E Laca (Texas Tech University) 6: Biochemical aspects of grazing behaviour K Launchbaugh (Texas Tech University) 7: Ingestive behaviour E D Ungar (ARO, Israel) 8: The ruminant, the rumen and the pasture resource: Nutrient interactions in the grazing animal H Dove (CSIRO, Australia) 9: Multispecies grazing in the Serengeti M Murray (University of Edinburgh, UK) and A W Illius Part 3: Grazing Systems and their Management 10: Complexity and stability in grazing systems N Tainton (University of Natal, South Africa) et al. 11: Management of grazing systems - temperate pastures G W Sheath (AgResearch, New Zealand) and D Clarke (DRC, New Zealand) 12: Management of rangelands: Paradigms at their limit M Stafford Smith (CSIRO, Australia) 13: Management of Mediterranean grasslands N Seligman (ARO, Israel) 14: Grasslands in the well-watered tropical lowlands M J Fisher et al (CIAT, Colombia)
£56.05
University of Hawai'i Press We the Navigators
Book SynopsisIncludes a discussion of theories about traditional methods of navigation developed during recent decades, the story of the renaissance of star navigation throughout the Pacific, and material about navigation systems in Indonesia, Siberia, and the Indian Ocean.
£27.16
Harvard University Press Aramis or The Love of Technology
Book SynopsisThe story of Aramis—the guided-transportation system intended for Paris—is told in this fictional account by several parties: an engineer and his professor; company executives and elected officials; a sociologist; and Aramis itself, who delivers a passionate plea on behalf of technological innovations that risk being abandoned by their makers.Trade ReviewIt is [the] world of machines that Latour sets out to rehabilitate in his clever new work…an eminently readable book—even on occasions a ripping good yarn. This time round, the author of such seminal sociology of science texts as We Have Never Been Modern has set out to do something daring: create a new genre, what he calls ‘scientifiction’… The result is a hypertext, weaving real and fictional characters together against the backdrop of an actual project carried out by RATP, the public transport authority for Paris… [A] feisty sociotechnological whodunit. -- Margaret Wertheim * New Scientist *Relationalists have to insist that made–found is as dubious as the value–fact and subject–object distinctions. This claim is not easy to make plausible, but Latour is very good at doing so. He is perhaps the best contemporary exponent of the philosophy of interchanges, of continuous passages across traditional dualisms and traditional disciplinary borders. This is because he combines philosophical sophistication with genuine delight in empirical fieldwork, a fluent and flexible style, an amazingly wide range of reference, and wit. Aramis is often hilarious. In Catherine Porter’s splendidly vigorous and idiomatic translation, it is a good read, a well-paced narrative of instructive events. Any policy maker who contemplates spending public money on technological innovation should read it before signing his or her first contractual agreement. It should also be read by anybody looking for some genuinely fresh philosophical ideas. -- Richard Rorty * Voice Literary Supplement *Mr. Latour, a French sociologist of science, is quite serious…about what he is creating—a new genre of fiction and reality that tells a larger truth… [The Aramis project] may have been a wild goose chase, but some honkers end up in the oven. Aramis, or The Love of Technology, in this translation by Catherine Porter, comes out the way a game bird should, au point, juicy and delicious. -- M. R. Montgomery * New York Times Book Review *Immediately after the project ended, Bruno Latour was asked by the RATP to investigate what went wrong. On the basis of a detailed empirical study, he has written three books in one: a detective novel, in which a sociology professor and a young engineer play the parts of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson; a scholarly treatise introducing the modern sociology of technology; and a reproduction of original archival documents. As the book develops, we hear the voice of technology itself, with Frankenstein’s ‘humachine’ and Aramis himself as spokespersons… Latour’s book does offer important insights into the sociotechnical domain and engineering practices that transcend the Aramis case. It also provides, mainly in the form of methodological discussions, the groundwork for a theory of technology and society. This [is an] important asset, of what I think is Latour’s best book so far. -- Wiebe E. Bijker * Nature *Aramis shows with wonderful clarity the many different stories which were told about all aspects of Aramis. -- David Edgerton * Times Literary Supplement *Aramis…uncovers the limits of sociology in its failure to recognize our essentially social relationship with technical artifacts. Its critical force comes from using ethnography to enable technology to speak, or rather, by allowing us to hear the voice of technology speaking indirectly through administrative documents, political rhetoric, engineering specifications, business plans, fiction, and philosophy. -- Peter Lyman * Contemporary Sociology *Aramis is a case study, a sociological investigation, and, yes, a detective novel unlike any ever written—a carefully constructed, non-fictional narrative of the negotiated fictions that underwrite our mechanical inventions. Latour, one of the most supple and rewarding practitioners of any science, shows that the construction of technological society is at base a human drama and must be told in a commensurate manner. Here at last is science studies that avoids self-exemption and partakes, with humor and emotion, of the very processes it depicts. Aramis is a strange but deep book that comes to counterintuitive, urgent conclusions, pleading for more successful parlay between technology and humanism, animate and inanimate, body and soul. This story has much to say about the world we want to build, the world we think we are building, and the worlds we have failed to pull off. -- Richard Powers, author of Galatea 2.2Table of ContentsPreface Prologue: Who Killed Aramis? 1. An Exciting Innovation 2. Is Aramis Feasible? 3. Shilly-Shallying in the Seventies 4. Interphase: Three Years of Grace 5. The 1984 Decision: Aramis Exists for Real 6. Aramis at the CET Stage: Will It Keep Its Promises? 7. Aramis Is Ready to Go (Away) Epilogue: Aramis Unloved Glossary
£31.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd The Design of Modern Steel Bridges
Book SynopsisBridges are great symbols of mankind's conquest of space. They are a monument to his vision and determination, but these alone are not enough. An appreciation of the mathematical theories underlying bridge design is essential to resist the physical forces of nature and gravity.Table of ContentsTypes and history of steel bridges; Types and properties of steel; Loads on bridges; Aims of design; Rolled beam and plate girder design; Stiffened compression flanges of box and plate girders; Cable-stayed bridges
£124.15
Peter I Kattan MATLAB for Beginners A Gentle Approach Revised Edition
£38.13
Random House USA Inc The Information A History a Theory a Flood
Book SynopsisFrom the bestselling author of the acclaimed Chaos and Genius comes a thoughtful and provocative exploration of the big ideas of the modern era: Information, communication, and information theory. Acclaimed science writer James Gleick presents an eye-opening vision of how our relationship to information has transformed the very nature of human consciousness. A fascinating intellectual journey through the history of communication and information, from the language of Africa’s talking drums to the invention of written alphabets; from the electronic transmission of code to the origins of information theory, into the new information age and the current deluge of news, tweets, images, and blogs. Along the way, Gleick profiles key innovators, including Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, Samuel Morse, and Claude Shannon, and reveals how our understanding of information is transforming not only how we look at the world, but how we live.A
£17.85
Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc Learn to Weld: Beginning Mig Welding and Metal
Book SynopsisMaster MIG welding and the metal fabrication techniques you need to repair, create, and duplicate projects in your home welding studio. Learn to Weld starts with the basics: setting up your studio, the right safety gear and safety procedures, and the equipment and materials you will need to begin with welding. With the help of step-by-step metalworking photos and tutorials, you will learn detailed techniques for cutting and grinding, and for joinery using a MIG welder. Practice the techniques and projects, and you'll soon be able to repair, create, and duplicate metal fabrication projects in your own welding studio. Best of all, you will have both the fundamental skills and the confidence you need to create whatever is in your imagination. With Learn to Weld you'll be equipped to conquer a world of welding projects.
£18.99
Boydell & Brewer Ltd The Art of Swordsmanship by Hans Lecküchner
Book SynopsisEnglish translation of one of the most significant medieval texts on fighting with swords. Completed in 1482, Johannes Lecküchner's Art of Combat with the "Langes Messer" (Messerfechtkunst) is among the most important documents on the combat arts of the Middle Ages. The Messer was a single-edged, one-handed utility sword peculiar to central Europe, but Lecküchner's techniques apply to cut-and-thrust swords in general: not only is this treatise the single most substantial work on the use of one-handed swords to survive from this period, but it is the most detailed explanation of the two-handed sword techniques of the German "Liechtenauer" school dating back to the 1300s. Lecküchner's lavish manuscript consists of over four hundred illustrations with explanatory text, in which the author, a parish priest, rings the changes on bladework, deceits, and grappling, with techniques ranging from life-or-death escapes from an armed assailant to slapstick moves designed to please the crowd in public fencing matches. This translation, complete with all illustrations from the manuscript, makes the treatise accessible for the first time since the author's untimely death less than a year after its completion left his major work to be lost for generations. An extensive introduction, notes, and glossary analyze and contextualize the work and clarify its technical content. Jeffrey L. Forgeng is curator of Arms and Armor and Medieval Art at the Worcester Art Museum, and teaches as Adjunct Professor of History at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Trade ReviewIt is clear that Jeffrey Forgeng is not only a technical expert on the weapon illustrated in this manual, but also a scholar deeply versed in the manuscript tradition of which this volume is a part as well as in the accumulated historiography that treats it. * THE MEDIEVAL REVIEW *A fantastic attempt to make the fecht-bücher increasingly accessible to a wider audience.... What sets this book apart is the contextualisation of the source and the excellent translations. * MEDIEVAL WARFARE *For anyone really interested in fighting styles and techniques, this is a must-read. * SLINGSHOT *Forgeng's translation is clear and accessible. His experience not only as a scholar of early swordsmanship, but as a practitioner, is readily apparent. . . . [Forgeng makes] a vital text more widely available for practitioners not only looking to better understand the use of single-handed swords of all types, but also to how those techniques complement other medieval martial practices. * DE RE MILITARI *
£108.19
Nova Science Publishers Inc Cooperatives: A Feasibility Study Guide &
Book Synopsis
£63.19
Schiffer Publishing Ltd DOCKMANSHIP Cornell Boaters Library
Book Synopsis
£7.99
WIT Press Critical Infrastructure Security: Assessment, Prevention, Detection, Response
Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art techniques for the security of critical infrastructures, addressing both logical and physical aspects from an engineering point of view. Recently developed methodologies and tools for CI analysis as well as strategies and technologies for CI protection are investigated in the following strongly interrelated and multidisciplinary main fields: - Vulnerability analysis and risk assessment - Threat prevention, detection and response - Emergency planning and management Each of the aforementioned topics is addressed considering both theoretical aspects and practical applications. Emphasis is given to model-based holistic evaluation approaches as well as to emerging protection technologies, including smart surveillance through networks of intelligent sensing devices. Critical Infrastructure Security can be used as a self-contained reference handbook for both practitioners and researchers or even as a textbook for master/doctoral degree students in engineering or related disciplines.More specifically, the topic coverage of the book includes: - Historical background on threats to critical infrastructures - Model-based risk evaluation and management approaches - Security surveys and game-theoretic vulnerability assessment - Federated simulation for interdependency analysis - Security operator training and emergency preparedness - Intelligent multimedia (audio-video) surveillance - Terahertz body scanners for weapon and explosive detection - Security system design (intrusion detection / access control) - Dependability and resilience of computer networks (SCADA / cyber-security) - Wireless smart-sensor networks and structural health monitoring - Information systems for crisis response and emergency management - Early warning, situation awareness and decision support softwareTable of ContentsContents Fundamentals of Security Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Model-based risk analysis for critical infrastructures; Introduction; The critical infrastructure problem; Tools; Multi-criterion tools (CARVER and MSRAM); CARVER; MSRAM; CI/KR as a Network; MBRA; KDAS; Resource allocation; Network science; An illustration; Conclusion; Physical vulnerability assessment; Introduction; Terminology; What a VA is not; Common techniques for finding vulnerabilities; Security Survey; Security Audit; Design Basis Threat (DBT); CARVER Method; Delphi Method; Fault Tree Analysis; Software tools; Adversarial Vulnerability Assessments; VA best practices; VA personnel; Brainstorming; Common security mistakes; The VA report: Delivering the "bad news"; Vulnerability myths and mistakes Part II Modeling and Simulation Tools for Critical Infrastructures; Modeling and simulation of critical infrastructures; Introduction; Interdependency modelling; Holistic approaches; Critical Infrastructures as Complex Systems; Topological analysis; Functional analysis; Simulative approaches; Agent-based approaches; Multilayer approaches; Conclusions; Graphical formalisms for modelling critical infrastructures; Introduction; Requirements for CI modelling and simulation; Graphical formalisms for CI modelling and simulation; Graph-based techniques; Petri Nets (PNs); General simulation environments; Agent-based modelling and simulation; Discussion of requirements; Practical experiences in modelling CIs: meeting the requirements with SAN; CRUTIAL and HIDENETS: a brief introduction; On the usage of SAN to match requirement R4; On the usage of SAN to match requirement R6; Conclusions; Semantic interoperability among federated simulators of critical infrastructures - DIESIS project; Introduction; Related works and initiatives; DIESIS project; Managerial, legal and economic features; Technical features; Conclusion; Game theory in infrastructure security; Introduction; Game-theoretic models; Simultaneous AD games; Sequential DA games; Sequential AD games; Sequential DAD games; Simultaneous DD games; Limitations of game-theoretic models; Conclusion Part III Cybersecurity in Information and SCADA Systems Modelling, measuring and managing information technology risks; Introduction; What is risk with respect to information systems?; Threats; Vulnerabilities; Why is it important to manage risk?; Managing risk at the organizational level; How is risk assessed?; Quantitative risk assessment'; Qualitative risk assessment; How is risk managed?; Strategies for managing individual risks; High-level risk management strategies; Communicating risks and risk management strategies; Implementing risk management strategies; What are some common risk assessment/management methodologies and tools?; NIST methodology; OCTAVE(R); FRAP; GRC tools; Summary; Trustworthiness evaluation of critical information infrastructures; Introduction; Dependability and security evaluation approaches; A taxonomy for evaluation approaches; Common evaluation approaches and applications; On the evaluation of Financial Infrastructure Protection (FIP); FCI: Trustworthiness evaluation trends; FIP trustworthiness requirements and key components; FIP example: CoMiFin as a FCI wrapper; Metric-based FIP trustworthiness evaluation; On the evaluation of CIIP; Design requirements for CIIP; Peer-to-Peer (P2P)-based CIIP; Mitigation strategy for node crashes; Mitigation strategy for illicit SCADA data modification; Evaluation of P2P-based CIIP; Conclusion; Network resilience; Introduction; A component-based framework for improving network resilience in CIs; Intrusion detection and reaction in satellite networks; Detection and remediation of a distributed attack over an IP-based network; Diagnosis-driven reconfiguration of WSNs; Conclusions; Wireless sensor networks for critical infrastructure protection; Introduction; Security threat analysis; Adversary models; Risk assessment; Survey of the state of the art; Sensor node protection; Dependable sensor networking; Dependable sensor network services; Conclusions and identification of further research topics Part IV Monitoring and Surveillance Technologies Intelligent video surveillance; Introduction; Architecture of an IVS system; Examples of applications; LAICA project; THIS project; Other examples; Conclusions; Audio surveillance; Introduction; Sound recognition for audio surveillance; A representative picture of the related literature; Evaluation of audio surveillance frameworks; Privacy; Conclusion; Terahertz for weapon and explosive detection; Introduction; Terahertz technology; Overview; THz systems; Terahertz for weapons detection; Terahertz for explosive detection; Discussion; Structural health monitoring; Introduction; Structural evaluation; Sensor selection; Accelerometers; Strain sensors; Tilt sensors; Displacement sensors; Corrosion sensors; Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs); Acoustic emission sensors; Additional technologies; System design and integration; Data acquisition; Review and interpretation of the data; Summary; Networks of simple sensors for detecting emplacement of improvised explosive devices; Introduction; Clues to IED emplacement; Cameras versus nonimaging sensors; Prior probabilities for emplacement; Anomalous behaviour; Goal changing and coordinated activity; Sensor management; Experiments; Conclusions Part V Security Systems Integration and Alarm Management Security systems design and integration; Introduction; The intrusion detection system; Sensors; Internal sensors; External sensors; The access control system; The video surveillance system; The communication network; Integration of security systems: The supervision and control system; Conclusions; Multisource information fusion for critical infrastructure situation awareness; Introduction; Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) data fusion process model; Comments on the state of the art; Human-centric information fusion; Implications for infrastructure situation awareness; Summary; Simulation-based learning in the physical security industry; Introduction; Simulation overview; Security simulation; Security simulation domains; Computation simulators; Interactive simulation; Simulation in a training environment; Systematic approach to training for simulation; Interactive simulators and simulation learning theory; Learning retention; Security simulation and vulnerability assessment; Historical adoption curve of use of simulators; Conclusion; Frameworks and tools for emergency response and crisis management; Introduction; CATS; CATS architecture; Model descriptions; Consequence assessment; Summary and conclusions
£148.20
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Evaluating Contract Claims
Book SynopsisAn important guide to the quantification of contract claims in the construction industry, updated third edition The substantially expanded third edition of Evaluating Contract Claims puts the spotlight on the quantification of claims in the construction industry after liability has been established, including by reference to the terms of several standard forms of contract in common use. The authors clearly demonstrate the potential alternative approaches to quantification, the processes, principles and standard of analysis required to produce acceptable claims for additional payment. The third edition covers a number of heads claims not considered in previous editions and offers an important guide for those working with building or engineering contracts. Evaluating Contract Claims explains in detail how the base from which evaluation of additional payments may be established, the effect of changes on the programme of work and the sources of Table of ContentsReviews xvii Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Legal Basis 2 1.1.1 Forms of Contract 2 1.2 The Standard of Substantiation 4 1.2.1 SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 5 1.2.2 Direct and Time Consequences 7 1.2.3 Duty to Mitigate 9 1.3 Risks 12 1.3.1 Design Risks 12 1.3.2 Design Review 14 1.3.3 Professional Indemnity Insurance 14 1.3.4 Risk Analysis and Management 14 1.3.5 Risk Registers 16 1.3.6 Risks and Records 17 1.3.7 Reimbursable Risks 20 1.3.8 Non-reimbursable Risks 21 1.4 Sources of Change 22 1.4.1 The Process of Analysis 22 1.4.2 Inadequate Pre-contract Design and Documentation 23 1.4.3 Design Development and Approval 26 1.4.4 Access or Possession 27 1.4.5 Early Taking over or Beneficial Use 28 1.4.6 Changes in Employer Requirements 28 1.4.7 Contract Documents 29 1.4.8 Unforeseeable Occurrences 30 1.4.9 Breach of Contract 31 1.5 Summary 32 2 Establishing the Base 33 2.1 Planned Change 34 2.1.1 Ordered Variations 36 2.1.1.1 Fair Rates and Prices 39 2.1.2 Changes in Quantities 41 2.1.2.1 Quantities and Conditions 43 2.1.3 Preferential Engineering 44 2.1.4 Value Engineering 45 2.1.5 Unconfirmed Instructions 46 2.2 Unplanned Change 47 2.3 Programmes and Method Statements 47 2.3.1 The Status of Programmes 47 2.3.2 Programmes and Resources 52 2.3.2.1 Method Statements 52 2.3.3 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 54 2.3.4 A Partial Programme 55 2.3.5 Limitations on Liability 55 2.4 Summary 56 3 Effect of Change on Programmes of Work 57 3.1 Use of Programmes 58 3.1.1 Provisional Sums in Programmes 60 3.1.2 The Base Cost 63 3.2 Use of As-Built Programmes 64 3.2.1 Sources of Information for As-Built Programmes 65 3.2.2 Constant Resource/Continuous Working 66 3.2.3 Recording of Completion 67 3.3 Change Without Overall Prolongation 67 3.3.1 Who Owns the Float? 68 3.4 Prolongation of the Works 74 3.5 Analysis of Time and Delay 77 3.5.1 Introduction 77 3.5.2 Basic Requirements 82 3.5.3 Float and Acceleration 86 3.5.4 Concurrent Delays 88 3.5.5 ‘Dot on’ 98 3.5.6 Concurrency and the Contractor’s Financial Claims 100 3.5.7 Delay Analysis Techniques 103 3.5.7.1 Impacted as Planned 104 3.5.7.2 Time Impact Analysis 108 3.5.7.3 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 111 3.5.7.4 As-Planned Versus As-Built Programmes 113 3.5.7.5 Windows Analysis 115 3.5.7.6 Software 116 3.5.7.7 Building Information Modelling 118 3.5.7.8 Case Law 120 3.5.7.9 Conclusions 123 3.5.8 Assessment of Productivity 125 3.5.8.1 Tender Productivity 126 3.5.8.2 Achievable Productivity 127 3.5.8.3 Actual Productivity After a Change 127 3.5.9 Sources of Productivity Data 128 3.5.9.1 The Fundamental Principles 128 3.5.9.2 Relevant Quantities 128 3.5.9.3 Equipment and Methods 129 3.5.9.4 Sustainable Outputs 130 3.5.9.5 Recalculation Using Efficiency Factors 130 3.5.10 Effect on Contractor’s Plant and Equipment 131 3.5.10.1 Working Plant and Equipment 132 3.5.10.2 Site Facilities and Equipment 133 3.5.11 Duty to Mitigate 134 3.6 Summary 135 4 Sources of Financial Information for Evaluation 137 4.1 The Contract Provisions 139 4.1.1 Cost 139 4.1.2 Loss and Expense 141 4.1.3 To Ascertain 142 4.2 Tender Documents and Information 145 4.2.1 Entire Agreements 146 4.2.2 Misstatements and Misrepresentation 147 4.2.3 Mistakes in Tenders 148 4.2.4 The Conditions for, and Character of, the Works 149 4.3 Tender Calculations and Assumptions 149 4.4 Cost Records 151 4.4.1 Identification of Invoices 151 4.4.2 Discounts and Credit Notes 152 4.4.3 Bulk Discounts 153 4.4.4 Coding Systems 154 4.4.5 Timing of Costs 154 4.4.6 Cost Transfers and Accruals 155 4.4.7 Final Accounts and Economic Duress 156 4.5 Accounting Information 158 4.5.1 Financial Accounts 158 4.5.2 Management Accounts 159 4.5.3 Exceptional Items 161 4.6 External Information 161 4.7 Summary 162 5 Evaluation of the Direct Consequences of Change 165 5.1 Unit Rates and Prices or Actual Costs? 166 5.2 Unit Rates and Prices 167 5.2.1 The FIDIC Forms of Contract 172 5.2.2 Measurement of Work 173 5.2.3 Design and Build/Schedule of Rates 175 5.2.4 Status of Contract Rates and Prices 176 5.2.5 Errors in Rates and Prices 177 5.3 The Valuation ‘Fences’ 184 5.3.1 The ‘Fences’ 185 5.3.2 ‘Conditions’ and ‘Character’ 185 5.3.2.1 Change in Conditions 187 5.3.2.2 Change in Character 188 5.3.3 New Rates 189 5.3.4 Valuation of Variations in Quantity 190 5.3.5 Effect of Variations on Other Work 196 5.4 Inclusion of Preliminaries and General Items 197 5.5 Percentage Adjustments 200 5.5.1 Percentages in Variation Valuation 200 5.5.2 Threshold Percentages 201 5.5.2.1 Criteria for Judging Change in the Amount of Work 202 5.5.2.2 Which Rates are to Be Amended? 203 5.5.2.3 What Rules Apply? 203 5.5.3 Percentages for Defective or Incomplete Work, etc. 204 5.5.4 Percentage Caps on Adjustments 205 5.6 Valuation Using Day work Provisions 205 5.7 Use of Actual Costs 210 5.7.1 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Introduction 211 5.7.2 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Forecast or Actual Cost? 213 5.7.3 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Defined Cost 218 5.7.4 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Disallowed Cost 221 5.7.5 The NEC Suite of Contracts –The Fee and Other Agreed Rates 223 5.7.6 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Objectives 224 5.8 Unit Costs 225 5.8.1 Labour Costs 229 5.8.1.1 Gang Rates 229 5.8.1.2 Supervision 230 5.8.2 Use of Norms in Evaluation 231 5.8.3 Plant and Equipment Costs 234 5.8.3.1 Plant and Equipment Cost Rates 235 5.8.3.2 External Hire Charges 240 5.8.4 Materials Costs 241 5.8.5 Overheads and Profit 243 5.9 Subcontractor and Supplier Costs 245 5.9.1 Subcontractors 246 5.9.1.1 Nominated or Named Subcontractors 246 5.9.1.2 Domestic Subcontractors 249 5.9.2 Package Equipment Suppliers 250 5.9.2.1 Example of Change Calculation for Package Equipment 252 5.10 Valuation of Omissions 253 5.11 Add and Omit Variations 254 5.12 Quantum Meruit 257 5.12.1 No Contract or Agreement as to Price 258 5.12.2 Contract Only Says Reasonable Sum 259 5.12.3 Work Outside of Contract 259 5.12.4 Cardinal Change 260 5.12.5 How to Calculate 263 5.13 Valuation in Advance 265 5.14 Requirements for Notices 269 5.14.1 Notice in Relation to Unit Rates 270 5.14.2 Notice in Relation to a Quotation or Proposal 273 5.14.3 Notice as a Condition Precedent and Other Sanctions 275 5.14.4 Further Considerations 277 5.15 Summary 278 6 Evaluation of the Time Consequences of Change 279 6.1 Introduction 279 6.1.1 Factual and Legal Background 279 6.1.2 Financial Effects for the Employer 282 6.1.3 Financial Effects for the Contractor 283 6.1.4 The Causal Link 285 6.1.5 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 287 6.1.6 Conclusions 289 6.2 Prolongation 289 6.2.1 What is to be Evaluated? 289 6.2.2 The Relationship Between Extension of Time and Money Claims 290 6.2.3 Time-Related Costs 295 6.2.3.1 When Did the Delay Occur? 295 6.2.4 What Costs Were Incurred in the Delay Period? 297 6.2.5 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost 298 6.2.6 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Staff 300 6.2.7 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Labour 302 6.2.8 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Buildings 303 6.2.9 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Services 304 6.2.10 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Works 304 6.2.11 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Plant and Equipment 305 6.2.12 Example of Additional Activity Costs 307 6.2.13 Relevance of Tendered Preliminaries and General Cost Rates 310 6.2.14 Increases in Costs 313 6.2.15 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 315 6.3 Liquidated Rates for Delay Damages 315 6.3.1 Challenges to the Rate of Delay Damages 317 6.3.2 Delay Damages as a ‘Penalty’ 320 6.3.3 Actual Damages for Delay 323 6.3.4 The Date(s) from Which Delay Damages Run 324 6.3.5 Procedure and Prerequisites 324 6.4 Disruption 325 6.4.1 Legal Basis of a Disruption Claim 327 6.4.2 The Factual Basis of a Disruption Claim 330 6.4.3 Evaluating the Costs of Disruption – Introduction 332 6.4.4 Records of Time Lost 334 6.4.5 The ‘Measured Mile’ 338 6.4.5.1 Illustrative Example of an Earned Value Approach 343 6.4.6 Comparing Tendered and Actual Outputs 344 6.4.6.1 Tendered Allowances 344 6.4.6.2 Actual Outputs 346 6.4.6.3 Other Potential Distorting Factors 347 6.4.6.4 Back-Checking the Results 349 6.4.6.5 Conclusions on Costs Less Recovery Approaches 351 6.4.7 Factors Affecting Productivity 353 6.4.7.1 Excessive Overtime, etc. 354 6.4.7.2 Weather Conditions 356 6.4.7.3 Introduction of Additional Resources 356 6.4.7.4 Lack of Management 357 6.4.7.5 Changes in Ratio of Labour to Plant and Equipment Mix 358 6.4.7.6 Condensing of Activities 359 6.4.7.7 Resequencing Activities 359 6.4.7.8 Breaks in Continuity 360 6.4.7.9 Changes in Personnel 360 6.4.7.10 Contractor Inefficiencies 361 6.4.8 Cumulative Impact Claims 362 6.4.9 Top Down or Bottom Up? 365 6.4.9.1 The ‘Top Down’ Approach 365 6.4.9.2 The ‘Bottom Up’ Approach 367 6.4.10 The ‘Rump’ of the Contractor’s Losses 367 6.4.11 Hypothetical Illustrative Disruption Calculation 369 6.4.12 Preliminaries Thickening Claims 373 6.4.13 Consequential Further Delay Events 376 6.4.14 Summary of Disruption 379 6.5 Acceleration 380 6.5.1 Acceleration Under the Contract 382 6.5.2 Acceleration by Extra-Contractual Agreement 386 6.5.3 Acceleration as a Component of Delay and/or Disruption Costs 390 6.5.4 Induced or Constructive Acceleration 391 6.5.5 The Canadian Cases 394 6.5.6 Acceleration to Reduce the Contractor’s Culpability 400 6.5.7 Financial Quantification of Acceleration 401 6.5.8 Sample Acceleration Costing 404 6.6 Global Claims and Similar Terms 406 6.6.1 Potential Definitions 406 6.6.1.1 ‘Global Claim’ 406 6.6.1.2 ‘Total Costs Claim’ 409 6.6.1.3 ‘Total Loss Claim’ 411 6.6.1.4 ‘Composite Claim’ and ‘Rolled-Up Claim’ 412 6.6.2 Global Claims 414 6.6.2.1 Introduction 414 6.6.2.2 A Historical Perspective 416 6.6.2.3 The Current Position 432 6.6.2.4 Lilly and Mackay 438 6.6.2.5 The Need for a Global Approach 440 6.6.3 Conclusions 443 6.7 Subcontractor Costs 444 6.7.1 Third Party Settlements 444 6.7.2 Unsettled Third Party Claims 453 6.8 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 454 6.8.1 Off-Site Overheads 455 6.8.1.1 Off-Site Overheads on an Expenditure Basis 456 6.8.1.2 The Time and Cost of Absorbed Overheads 461 6.8.1.3 Lost Contribution to Unabsorbed Overhead 461 6.8.1.4 Management Charges 462 6.8.2 Profit 463 6.8.3 Formula Approaches 466 6.8.3.1 The Hudson Formula 467 6.8.3.2 The Emden Formula 468 6.8.3.3 The Eichleay Formula 469 6.8.3.4 The Adoption of Formulae 470 6.8.3.5 When to Use a Formula 479 6.8.3.6 Example of a Formula Claim 481 6.8.3.7 Concluding Comments on Formulae 482 6.9 Interest and Finance Charges 484 6.9.1 Finance and Interest Under Contract Provisions 485 6.9.2 Finance and Interest as a Head of Claim 489 6.9.3 Damages for Breach 493 6.9.4 The Rate and Compounding of Interest 495 6.9.5 Adjustments to the Calculation 499 6.9.6 Statutory Interest 499 6.10 Duplication of Recoveries 501 6.10.1 Overlaps Between Prolongation and Disruption Claims 502 6.10.2 Overlaps Between Additional Work and Prolongation 504 6.10.3 Overlaps Between Overheads and Profit and Variations 507 6.10.4 Overlaps Between Additional Work and Disruption 508 6.11 Summary 509 7 Termination Claims 513 7.1 Introduction 513 7.2 Termination Under Standard Forms 518 7.2.1 Termination for Default by the Contractor 518 7.2.2 Termination for Default by the Employer 522 7.2.3 Termination for a Party’s Convenience 524 7.2.4 Termination for Major Events in Neither Party’s Control 526 7.2.5 Competing Claims for Termination 527 7.3 Claims for the Contractor’s Lawful Termination 527 7.3.1 ‘Amounts Payable for any Work Carried Out’ 527 7.3.2 ‘The Cost of Plant and Materials Ordered for the Work’ 532 7.3.3 ‘Any Other Cost or Liability Which in the Circumstances was Reasonably Incurred…in the Expectation of Completing the Works’ 534 7.3.4 ‘The Cost of Removal of Temporary Works and Contractor’s Equipment’ 537 7.3.5 ‘The Cost of Repatriation of the Contractor’s Staff and Labour’ 537 7.3.6 ‘A Loss of Profit or Other Loss or Damage Sustained by the Contractor’ 539 7.3.7 Demobilisation 542 7.3.8 Subcontractor and Supplier Claims 543 7.3.9 Other Heads of Contractor Losses or Costs 544 7.4 Claims for the Employer’s Lawful Termination 544 7.4.1 ‘The Value of the Works, Goods and Contractor’s Documents’ 544 7.4.2 ‘Any Losses and Damages Incurred by the Employer’ 546 7.4.2.1 ‘Any Extra Costs of Completing the Works’ 546 7.4.3 Bonds 550 7.5 Claims for the Employer’s Unlawful Termination 551 7.5.1 Repudiation 553 7.6 Claims for the Contractor’s Unlawful Termination 554 7.7 Summary 554 8 Other Sources of Claims 557 8.1 Letters of Intent 557 8.1.1 Instructions to Proceed 562 8.2 Bonds 563 8.2.1 Types of Bond 564 8.2.1.1 Bid Bonds 565 8.2.1.2 Advance Payment Bonds 565 8.2.1.3 Retention Bonds 567 8.2.1.4 Parent Company Guarantees 567 8.2.1.5 Performance Bonds 568 8.2.1.6 Payment Bonds 569 8.2.1.7 Materials Off-Site Bonds 570 8.2.2 Claims in Relation to Bonds 571 8.2.3 Costs Incurred When Bonds are Called 571 8.2.3.1 Example of a Hypothetical Currency Swap 573 8.2.4 Costs Incurred When Bonds are Extended 574 8.3 Fluctuations in Costs 576 8.3.1 Taxes, Levies and Statutory Contributions 577 8.3.2 Labour, Materials and Tax Fluctuations 580 8.3.3 Price Adjustment Formula 581 8.3.4 Application to Other Claims 583 8.3.5 Effects of Delays 584 8.4 Suspension of Work 585 8.4.1 The Right to Suspend 585 8.4.2 Typical Financial Heads of Suspension Claims 587 8.4.2.1 Prolongation Costs 587 8.4.2.2 Security, Storage and Protection 588 8.4.2.3 Deterioration and Defects 589 8.4.2.4 Payment for Items Not Yet on Site 590 8.4.2.5 Resumption Costs 590 8.4.2.6 Reducing the Rate of Work Progress 591 8.4.2.7 Profit on the Contractor’s Costs 592 8.5 Incomplete and/or Defective Work 593 8.5.1 The Requirement to Complete and a Defects Liability Period 593 8.5.2 Potential Methods and Problems of Quantification 595 8.5.3 The Employer Choses to Instruct a Covering Variation 597 8.5.4 The Employer Requires the Contractor to Complete or Remedy the Work 599 8.6 Omitted Work 605 8.6.1 The Power to Omit Work 605 8.6.2 How to Value Omissions 606 8.6.3 Giving Omitted Work to Others 609 8.7 Post-Handover Costs 611 8.8 The Costs of Preparing a Claim 614 8.8.1 A Claim Under the Contract 615 8.8.2 Breach of Contract 616 8.8.3 Costs Incurred in the Contemplation of Legal Proceedings 622 8.8.4 In-House Management Time 623 8.9 Errors, Omissions and Contradictions 627 8.10 Summary 631 9 Minimising the Consequences of Change 633 9.1 Introduction 633 9.1.1 Constructing the Team 635 9.1.2 Rethinking Construction 636 9.2 Contract Preparation 637 9.3 Alliance, Partnering and Framework Contracts 639 9.3.1 Partnering 639 9.3.2 Alliance Contracts 641 9.3.3 Framework Agreements 642 9.4 Early Warning Systems 643 9.4.1 Trend Analysis 647 9.5 The Claims Industry 648 9.5.1 The Numbers Game 648 9.5.2 The First Number 649 9.5.3 The Claims Industry and Experts 649 9.5.4 Resolving Disputed Claims 651 9.6 Summary 652 Appendix A Example of Financial Accounts 655 Appendix B Example of Management Accounts 657 Table of Cases 659 Index 667
£75.00
Schiffer Publishing Ltd Captured Tanks Under the German Flag Russian
Book Synopsis
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Workman Publishing The Family Cow
Book SynopsisA family cow can provide an endless supply of delicious fresh milk, but also requires a large investment of time and money. In this practical guide, Dirk van Loon provides detailed information on choosing an appropriate breed for your needs, nutrition, milking, health care, and bovine behavior. With expert advice on everything you need to know keep your animal healthy, happy, and productive, you'll soon be enjoying all the benefits a family cow can bring.
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John Wiley & Sons Inc High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies
Book SynopsisExplore the latestresearchavenues in the field ofhigh-powermicrowave sources and metamaterials A stand-alone follow-up to the highly successfulHigh Power Microwave Sources andTechnologies,the newHigh Power Microwave Sources and Technologies Using Metamaterials,demonstrateshow metamaterialshave impacted the field ofhigh-powermicrowave sources and the new directions revealed by the latest research.It's written by a distinguished team of researchers in the areawho explore a new paradigm within which to consider the interaction of microwaves with material media. Providing contributions from multiple institutions that discuss theoretical concepts as well as experimental results in slow wave structure design, this edited volumealso discusses how traditional periodic structures used since the 1940s and 1950s can have propertiesthat, until recently, were attributed to double negative metamaterial structures. The book also includes: A thorough introduction to high power microwave oscillators anTable of ContentsEditor Biographies xi List of Contributors xiii Foreword xvii Preface xix 1 Introduction and Overview of the Book 1 Rebecca Seviour 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Electromagnetic Materials 2 1.3 Effective-Media Theory 4 1.4 History of Effective Materials 4 1.4.1 Artificial Dielectrics 4 1.4.2 Artificial Magnetic Media 5 1.5 Double Negative Media 7 1.5.1 DNG Realization 9 1.6 Backward Wave Propagation 9 1.7 Dispersion 10 1.8 Parameter Retrieval 12 1.9 Loss 13 1.10 Summary 14 References 14 2 Multitransmission Line Model for Slow Wave Structures Interacting with Electron Beams and Multimode Synchronization 17 Ahmed F. Abdelshafy, Mohamed A.K. Othman, Alexander Figotin, and Filippo Capolino 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Transmission Lines: A Preview 18 2.2.1 Multiple Transmission Line Model 18 2.3 Modeling of Waveguide Propagation Using the Equivalent Transmission Line Model 20 2.3.1 Propagation in Uniform Waveguides 21 2.3.2 Propagation in Periodic Waveguides 22 2.3.3 Floquet’s Theorem 24 2.4 Pierce Theory and the Importance of Transmission Line Model 25 2.5 Generalized Pierce Model for Multimodal Slow Wave Structures 28 2.5.1 Multitransmission Line Formulation Without Electron Beam: “Cold SWS” 28 2.5.2 Multitransmission Line Interacting with an Electron Beam: “Hot SWS” 30 2.6 Periodic Slow-Wave Structure and Transfer Matrix Method 32 2.7 Multiple Degenerate Modes Synchronized with the Electron Beam 34 2.7.1 Multimode Degeneracy Condition 34 2.7.2 Degenerate Band Edge (DBE) 34 2.7.3 Super Synchronization 35 2.7.4 Complex Dispersion Characteristics of a Periodic MTL Interacting with an Electron Beam 38 2.8 Giant Amplification Associated to Multimode Synchronization 39 2.9 Low Starting Electron Beam Current in Multimode Synchronization-Based Oscillators 42 2.10 SWS Made by Dual Nonidentical Coupled Transmission Lines Inside a Waveguide 46 2.10.1 Dispersion Engineering Using Dual Nonidentical Pair of TLs 47 2.10.2 BWO Design Using Butterfly Structure 49 2.11 Three-Eigenmode Super Synchronization: Applications in Amplifiers 50 2.12 Summary 53 References 54 3 Generalized Pierce Model from the Lagrangian 57 Alexander Figotin and Guillermo Reyes 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Main Results 59 3.2.1 Lagrangian Structure of the Standard Pierce Model 59 3.2.2 Multiple Transmission Lines 60 3.2.3 The Amplification Mechanism and Negative Potential Energy 60 3.2.4 Beam Instability and Degenerate Beam Lagrangian 61 3.2.5 Full Characterization of the Existence of an Amplifying Regime 61 3.2.6 Energy Conservation and Fluxes 62 3.2.7 Negative Potential Energy and General Gain Media 62 3.3 Pierce’s Model 63 3.4 Lagrangian Formulation of Pierce’s Model 65 3.4.1 The Lagrangian 65 3.4.2 Generalization to Multiple Transmission Lines 67 3.5 Hamiltonian Structure of the MTLB System 68 3.5.1 Hamiltonian Forms for Quadratic Lagrangian Densities 68 3.5.2 The MTLB System 70 3.6 The Beam as a Source of Amplification: The Role of Instability 71 3.6.1 Space Charge Wave Dynamics: Eigenmodes and Stability Issues 71 3.7 Amplification for the Homogeneous Case 74 3.7.1 Asymptotic Behavior of the Amplification Factor as ξ → 0 and as ξ → ∞ 77 3.8 Energy Conservation and Transfer 77 3.8.1 Energy Exchange Between Subsystems 78 3.9 The Pierce Model Revisited 80 3.10 Mathematical Subjects 82 3.10.1 Energy Conservation via Noether’s Theorem 82 3.10.2 Energy Exchange Between Subsystems 83 3.11 Summary 84 References 84 4 Dispersion Engineering for Slow-Wave Structure Design 87 Ushe Chipengo, Niru K. Nahar, John L. Volakis, Alan D. R. Phelps, and Adrian W. Cross 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Metamaterial Complementary Split Ring Resonator-Based Slow-Wave Structure 88 4.2.1 Complementary Split Ring Resonator Plate-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Design 89 4.2.2 Complementary Split Ring Resonator Plate-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Fabrication and Cold Test 92 4.3 Broadside Coupled Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterial Slow-Wave Structure 94 4.3.1 Broadside-Coupled Split Ring-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Design 94 4.3.2 Broadside-Coupled Split Ring-Loaded Metamaterial Waveguide: Fabrication and Cold Test 97 4.4 Iris Ring-Loaded Waveguide Slow-Wave Structure with a Degenerate Band Edge 97 4.4.1 Iris Loaded-DBE Slow-Wave Structure: Design 100 4.4.2 Iris-Loaded DBE Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Test 102 4.5 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice-Based Slow-Wave Structure 102 4.5.1 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice Slow-Wave Structure: Design 104 4.5.2 Two-Dimensional Periodic Surface Lattice Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Test 106 4.6 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure for High-Power Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers 107 4.6.1 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure: Design 108 4.6.2 Curved Ring-Bar Slow-Wave Structure: Fabrication and Cold Testing 112 4.7 A Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 114 4.7.1 Design of a Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 116 4.7.2 Fabrication and Cold testing of a Homogeneous, Corrugated Cylindrical Slow-Wave Structure with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions 119 4.7.3 Inhomogeneous SWS design based on the Corrugated Cylindrical SWS with Cavity Recessions and Metallic Ring Insertions: Fabrication and Cold Testing 121 4.8 Summary 123 References 123 5 Perturbation Analysis of Maxwell’s Equations 127 Robert Lipton, Anthony Polizzi, and Lokendra Thakur 5.1 Introduction 127 5.2 Gain from Floating Interaction Structures 129 5.2.1 Anisotropic Effective Properties and the Dispersion Relation 130 5.2.2 A Pierce-Like Approach to Dispersion 133 5.3 Gain from Grounded Interaction Structures 133 5.3.1 Model Description 134 5.3.2 Physics of Waveguides and Maxwell’s Equations 134 5.3.3 Perturbation Series for Leading Order Dispersive Behavior 137 5.3.4 Leading Order Theory of Gain for Hybrid Space Charge Modes for a Corrugated SWS with Beam 138 5.3.4.1 Hybrid Modes in Beam 140 5.3.4.2 Impedance Condition 141 5.3.4.3 Cold Structure 141 5.3.4.4 Pierce Theory 142 5.4 Electrodynamics Inside a Finite-Length TWT: Transmission Line Model 142 5.4.1 Solution of the Transmission Line Approximation 145 5.4.2 Discussion of Results 145 5.5 Corrugated Oscillators 148 5.5.1 Oscillator Geometry 148 5.5.2 Solutions of Maxwell’s Equations in the Oscillator 149 5.5.3 Perturbation Expansions 151 5.5.4 Leading Order Theory: The Subwavelength Limit of the Asymptotic Expansions 151 5.5.5 Dispersion Relation for δω 152 5.6 Summary 154 References 154 6 Similarity of the Properties of Conventional Periodic Structures with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures 157 Sabahattin Yurt, Edl Schamiloglu, Robert Lipton, Anthony Polizzi, and Lokendra Thakur 6.1 Introduction 157 6.2 Motivation 157 6.3 Observations 159 6.3.1 Appearance of Negative Dispersion for Low-Order Waves 159 6.3.2 Evolution of Wave Dispersion in Uniform Periodic Systems with Increasing Corrugation Depth 160 6.3.2.1 SWS with Sinusoidal Corrugations 161 6.3.2.2 SWS with Rectangular Corrugations 164 6.4 Analysis of Metamaterial Surfaces from Perfectly Conducting Subwavelength Corrugations 168 6.4.1 Approach 169 6.4.2 Model Description 169 6.4.2.1 Physics of Waveguides and Maxwell’s Equations 170 6.4.2.2 Two-Scale Asymptotic Expansions 172 6.4.2.3 Leading Order Theory: The Subwavelength Limit of the Asymptotic Expansions 172 6.4.2.4 Nonlocal Surface Impedance Formulation for Time Harmonic Fields 173 6.4.2.5 Effective Surface Impedance for Hybrid Modes in Circular Waveguides 174 6.4.3 Metamaterials and Corrugations as Microresonators 175 6.4.4 Controlling Negative Dispersion and Power Flow with Corrugation Depth 177 6.4.5 Summary 182 References 182 7 Group Theory Approach for Designing MTM Structures for High-Power Microwave Devices 185 Hamide Seidfaraji, Christos Christodoulou, and Edl Schamiloglu 7.1 Group Theory Background 185 7.1.1 Symmetry Elements 186 7.1.2 Symmetry Point Group 187 7.1.3 Character Table 187 7.2 MTM Analysis Using Group Theory 188 7.2.1 Split Ring Resonator Behavior Analysis Using Group Theory 189 7.2.1.1 Principles of Group Theory 189 7.2.1.2 Basis Current in SSRs 191 7.3 Inverse Problem-Solving Using Group Theory 194 7.4 Designing an Ideal MTM 195 7.5 Proposed New Structure Using Group Theory 195 7.6 Design of Isotropic Negative Index Material 197 7.7 Multibeam Backward Wave Oscillator Design using MTM and Group Theory 199 7.7.1 Introduction and Motivation 199 7.7.2 Metamaterial Design 200 7.7.3 Theory of Electron Beam Interaction with Metamaterial Waveguide 203 7.7.4 Hot Test Particle-in-Cell Simulations 204 7.8 Particle-in-Cell Simulations 204 7.9 Efficiency 207 7.10 Summary 208 References 209 8 Time-Domain Behavior of the Evolution of Electromagnetic Fields in Metamaterial Structures 211 Mark Gilmore, Tyler Wynkoop, and Mohamed Aziz Hmaidi 8.1 Introduction 211 8.2 Experimental Observations 212 8.2.1 Bandstop Filter (BSF) System 215 8.2.2 Bandpass Filter (BPF) System 217 8.3 Numerical Simulations 224 8.3.1 Bandstop System (BSF) 225 8.3.2 Bandpass Filter System (BPF) 226 8.3.3 Experiment-Model Comparison 227 8.4 Attempts at a Linear Circuit Model 229 References 230 9 Metamaterial Survivability in the High-Power Microwave Environment 233 Rebecca Seviour 9.1 Introduction 233 9.2 Split Ring Resonator Loss 234 9.3 CSRR Loss 237 9.4 Artificial Material Loss 239 9.5 Disorder 241 9.6 Summary 242 References 244 10 Experimental Hot Test of Beam/Wave Interactions with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures 245 Michael A. Shapiro, Jason S. Hummelt, Xueying Lu, and Richard J. Temkin 10.1 First-Stage Experiment at MIT 246 10.1.1 Metamaterial Structure 246 10.1.2 Experimental Results 247 10.1.3 Summary of First-Stage Experiments 251 10.2 Second-Stage Experiment at MIT 251 10.3 Metamaterial Structure with Reverse Symmetry 252 10.4 Experimental Results on High-Power Generation 255 10.5 Frequency Measurement in Hot Test 257 10.6 Steering Coil Control 262 10.7 University of New Mexico/University of California Irvine Collaboration on a High Power Metamaterial Cherenkov Oscillator 264 10.8 Summary 264 References 265 11 Conclusions and Future Directions 267 John Luginsland, Jason A. Marshall, Arje Nachman, and Edl Schamiloglu References 268 Index 271
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Haynes Publishing Group John Deere Model 40304630 Tractor Service Repair
Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel models: 4030, 4230, 4430, 4630. Gasoline models: 4030, 4230
£33.75
Rodale Press Cradle to Cradle Remaking the Way We Make Things
Book SynopsisA manifesto for a radically different philosophy and practice of manufacture and environmentalismReduce, reuse, recycle urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as this provocative, visionary book argues, this approach perpetuates a one-way, cradle to grave manufacturing model that dates to the Industrial Revolution and casts off as much as 90 percent of the materials it uses as waste, much of it toxic. Why not challenge the notion that human industry must inevitably damage the natural world?In fact, why not take nature itself as our model? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we do not consider its abundance wasteful but safe, beautiful, and highly effective; hence, waste equals food is the first principle the book sets forth. Products might be designed so that, after their useful life, they provide nourishment for something new-either as biological nutrients that safely r
£27.00
Haynes Publishing Group Compilation Jd15 Jd18 Jd36 Jd11 Jd17
Book SynopsisSpecific Models Covered:Diesel Models: 80, 420, 430, 435D, 440 (Serial No. 448000 & prior), 440ID, 720, 730, 820 (2- & 3-cyl.), 830 (2- & 3-cyl.) Gasoline Models: 40, 320, 330, 420, 430, 440 (Serial No. 448001 & up)
£31.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Theoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis
Book SynopsisModal analysis is a discipline that has developed considerably during the last 30 years. Theoretical and Experimental Modal Analysis is a new book on modal analysis aimed at a wide range of readers, from academics such as post-graduate students and researchers, to engineers in many industries who use modal analysis tools and need to improve their knowledge of the subject. Divided into eight chapters, the book ranges from the basics of vibration theory and signal processing to more advanced topics, including identification techniques, substructural coupling, structural modification, updating of finite element models and nonlinear modal analysis. There is also an entire chapter dedicated to vibration testing techniques. It has been written with a diversity of potential readers in mind, so that all will be able to follow the book easily and assimilate the concepts involved.Table of ContentsSignal processing; modal testing practice; modal identification methods; coupling; structural modification; updating; non-linear modal analysis.
£74.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modal Testing
Book SynopsisThe text includes exercises and worked examples to facilitate understanding of the subject.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview. 1.1 Introduction to Modal Testing. 1.2 Applications of Modal Testing. 1.3 Philosophy of Modal Testing. 1.4 Summary of Theory. 1.5 Summary of Measurement Methods. 1.6 Summary of Modal Analysis Processes. 1.7 Review of Test Procedures, and Levels. 1.8 Terminology and Notation. Chapter 2: Theoretical Basis. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) System Theory. 2.3 Presentation and Properties of FRF Data for SDOF System. 2.4 Undamped Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) Systems. 2.5 MDOF Systems with Proportional Damping. 2.6 MDOF Systems with Structural (Hysteretic) Damping – General Case. 2.7 MDOF Systems with Viscous Damping – General Case. 2.8 Modal Analysis of Rotating Structures. 2.9 Complex Modes. 2.10 Characteristics and Presentation of MDOF FRF Data. 2.11 Non-sinusoidal Vibration and FRF Properties. 2.12 Complete and Incomplete Models. 2.13 Sensitivity of Models. 2.14 Analysis of Weakly Non-linear Structures. Chapter 3: Response Function Measurement Techniques. 3.1 Introduction and Test Planning. 3.2 Basic Measurement System. 3.3 Structure Preparation. 3.4 Excitation of the Structure. 3.5 Transducers and Amplifiers. 3.6 Analysers. 3.7 Digital Signal Processing. 3.8 Use of Different Excitation Signals. 3.9 Calibration. 3.10 Mass Cancellation. 3.11 Rotational FRF Measurement. 3.12 Measurements on Non-Linear Structures. 3.13 Multi-point Excitation Methods. 3.14 Measuring FRFs and ODSs using the Scanning LDV. Chapter 4: Modal Parameter Extraction Methods. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Preliminary Checks of FRF Data. 4.3 SDOF Modal Analysis Methods. 4.4 SDOF Modal Analysis in the Frequency Domain (SISO). 4.5 Global Modal Analysis Methods in the Frequency Domain. 4.6 MDOF Modal Analysis in the Time Domain. 4.7 Modal Analysis of Non-Linear Structures. 4.8 Concluding Comments. Chapter 5: Derivation of Mathematical Models. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Modal Models. 5.3 Refinement of Modal Models. 5.4 Display of Modal Model. 5.5 Response Models. 5.6 Spatial Models. 5.7 Mobility Skeletons and System Models. Chapter 6: Applications. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Comparison of and Correlation of Experiment and Prediction. 6.3 Adjustment or Updating of Models. 6.4 Coupled and Modified Structure Analysis. 6.5 Response Prediction and Force Determination. 6.6 Test Planning. Notation. Appendices: A Maths Toolkit. 1. Use of Complex Algebra to Describe Harmonic Vibration. 2. Review of Matrix Notation and Properties. 3. Matrix Decomposition and the SVD. 4. Transformations of Equations of Motion between Stationary and Rotating Axes. 5. Fourier Analysis. References. Index.
£78.80
£20.52
John Wiley & Sons Inc 5G New Radio
Book SynopsisA guide to the 3GPP-specified 5G physical layer with a focus on the new beam-based dimension in the radio system 5G New Radio: A Beam-based Air Interface is an authoritative guide to the newly 3GPP-specified 5G physical layer. The contributorsnoted experts on the topic and creators of the actual standardfocus on the beam-based operation which is a new dimension in the radio system due to the millimeter wave deployments of 5G. The book contains information that complements the 3GPP specification and helps to connect the dots regarding key features. The book assumes a basic knowledge of multi-antenna technologies and covers the physical layer aspects related to beam operation, such as initial access, details of reference signal design, beam management, and DL and UL data channel transmission. The contributors also provide a brief overview of standardization efforts, IMT-2020 submission, 5G spectrum, and performance analysis of 5G components.This important tTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction and Background 1Mihai Enescu and Karri Ranta-aho 1.1 Why 5G? 1 1.2 Requirements and Targets 2 1.2.1 System Requirements 3 1.2.2 5G Spectrum 7 1.3 Technology Components and Design Considerations 10 1.3.1 Waveform 12 1.3.2 Multiple Access 13 1.3.3 Scalable/Multi Numerology 13 1.3.3.1 Motivation for Multiple Numerologies 13 1.3.3.2 5G NR Numerologies 13 1.3.4 Multi-antenna 17 1.3.5 Interworking with LTE and Other Technologies 18 1.3.6 5G Beam Based Technologies Across Release 15 and Release 16 19 1.3.6.1 Integrated Access and Backhaul 19 1.3.6.2 NR Operation on Unlicensed Frequency Bands (NR-U) 20 1.3.6.3 Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications 21 1.3.6.4 Vehicular-to-everything (V2X) 21 1.3.6.5 Positioning 22 1.3.6.6 System Enhancements 22 2 Network Architecture and NR Radio Protocols 25Dawid Koziol and Helka-Liina Määttänen 2.1 Architecture Overview 25 2.2 Core Network Architecture 26 2.2.1 Overview 26 2.2.2 Service Request Procedure 29 2.3 Radio Access Network 31 2.3.1 NR Standalone RAN Architecture 31 2.3.2 Additional Architectural Options 32 2.3.3 CU-DU and UP-CP Split 37 2.4 NR Radio Interface Protocols 41 2.4.1 Overall Protocol Structure 41 2.4.2 Main Functions of NR Radio Protocols 44 2.4.3 SDAP Layer 47 2.4.4 PDCP Layer 47 2.4.4.1 PDCP Packet Transmission 48 2.4.4.2 PDCP Duplication 49 2.4.4.3 Access Stratum (AS) Security 50 2.4.4.4 Robust Header Compression (ROHC) 50 2.4.5 RLC 50 2.4.5.1 Segmentation and Concatenation 51 2.4.5.2 RLC Reordering 51 2.4.5.3 ARQ Retransmissions and Status Reporting 52 2.4.6 MAC Protocol 53 2.4.6.1 Overview 53 2.4.6.2 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 53 2.4.6.3 Logical Channel Prioritization 54 2.4.6.4 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) 57 2.4.6.5 BWP Operation 58 2.4.6.6 Scheduling Request 60 2.4.6.7 Semi Persistent Scheduling and Configured Grants 60 2.4.6.8 Discontinuous Reception (DRX) 60 2.4.6.9 Buffer Status Reports 62 2.4.6.10 Timing Advance Operation 62 2.4.6.11 MAC Control Elements 63 2.4.7 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 67 2.4.7.1 Overview 67 2.4.7.2 RRC State Machine 68 2.4.7.3 Cells, Cell Groups, and Signaling Radio Bearers 70 2.4.7.4 System Information 71 2.4.7.5 Unified Access Control (UAC) 78 2.4.7.6 Connection Control 79 2.4.7.7 NAS Information Transfer 87 2.4.7.8 UE Assistance Information 87 2.4.7.9 RRC PDU Structure 89 3 PHY Layer 95Mihai Enescu, Youngsoo Yuk, Fred Vook, Karri Ranta-aho, Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Emad Farag, Stephen Grant, and Alexandros Manolakos 3.1 Introduction (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 95 3.2 NRWaveforms (Youngsoo Yuk, Nokia Bell Labs, Korea) 96 3.2.1 Advanced CP-OFDM Waveforms for Multi-Service Support 96 3.2.2 Low PAPR Waveform for Coverage Enhancement 102 3.2.3 Considerations on the Waveform for above 52.6 GHz 104 3.3 Antenna Architectures in 5G (Fred Vook, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 105 3.3.1 Beamforming 105 3.3.2 Antenna Array Architectures 108 3.3.3 Antenna Panels 110 3.3.4 Antenna Virtualization 111 3.3.5 Antenna Ports 113 3.3.6 Beamforming for a Beam-Based Air Interface 115 3.4 Frame Structure and Resource Allocation (Karri Ranta-aho, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 115 3.4.1 Resource Grid 115 3.4.2 Data Scheduling and HARQ 118 3.4.3 Frequency Domain Resource Allocation and Bandwidth Part 119 3.4.4 Time Domain Resource Allocation 123 3.5 Synchronization Signals and Broadcast Channels in NR Beam-Based System (Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 125 3.5.1 SS/PBCH Block 125 3.5.2 Synchronization Signal Structure 126 3.5.3 Broadcast Channels 128 3.5.3.1 PBCH 128 3.5.3.2 SIB1 129 3.5.3.3 Delivery of Other Broadcast Information and Support of Beamforming 135 3.6 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (Emad Farag, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 139 3.6.1 Introduction 139 3.6.2 Preamble Sequence 140 3.6.2.1 Useful Properties of Zhadoff-Chu Sequences 140 3.6.2.2 Unrestricted Preamble Sequences 142 3.6.2.3 Restricted Preamble Sequences 144 3.6.3 Preamble Formats 147 3.6.3.1 Long Sequence Preamble Formats 148 3.6.3.2 Short Sequence Preamble Formats 149 3.6.4 PRACH Occasion 150 3.6.5 PRACH Baseband Signal Generation 155 3.7 CSI-RS (Stephen Grant, Ericsson, USA) 159 3.7.1 Overview 159 3.7.1.1 CSI-RS Use Cases 159 3.7.1.2 Key Differences with LTE 161 3.7.2 Physical Layer Design 162 3.7.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 162 3.7.2.2 Antenna Port Mapping 167 3.7.2.3 Sequence Generation and Mapping 167 3.7.2.4 Time Domain Behavior 168 3.7.2.5 Multiplexing with Other Signals 169 3.7.3 Zero Power CSI-RS 170 3.7.4 Interference Measurement Resources (CSI-IM) 170 3.7.5 CSI-RS Resource Sets 171 3.7.5.1 CSI-RS for Tracking 171 3.7.5.2 CSI-RS for L1-RSRP Measurement 173 3.8 PDSCH and PUSCH DM-RS, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (Alexandros Manolakos, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc, USA) 176 3.8.1 Overview 176 3.8.1.1 What is DM-RS Used for? 176 3.8.1.2 Key Differences from LTE 176 3.8.2 Physical Layer Design 178 3.8.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 178 3.8.2.2 Default DM-RS Pattern for PDSCH and PUSCH 189 3.8.2.3 Sequence Generation and Scrambling 193 3.8.3 Procedures and Signaling 200 3.8.3.1 Physical Resource Block Bundling 200 3.8.3.2 DM-RS to PDSCH and PUSCH EPRE Ratio 205 3.8.3.3 Antenna Port DCI Signaling 207 3.8.3.4 Quasi-Colocation Considerations for DM-RS of PDSCH 209 3.9 Phrase- Tracking RS (Youngsoo Yuk, Nokia Bell Labs, Korea) 210 3.9.1 Phase Noise and its Modeling 210 3.9.1.1 Phase Noise in mm-Wave Frequency and its Impact to OFDM System 210 3.9.1.2 Principles of Oscillator Design and Practical Phase Noise Modeling 211 3.9.2 Principle of Phase Noise Compensation 216 3.9.3 NR PT-RS Structure and Procedures 221 3.9.3.1 PT-RS Design for Downlink 221 3.9.3.2 PT-RS Design for Uplink CP-OFDM 224 3.9.3.3 PT-RS Design for Uplink DFT-s-OFDM 225 3.10 SRS (Stephen Grant, Ericsson, USA) 228 3.10.1 Overview 228 3.10.1.1 SRS Use Cases 228 3.10.1.2 Key Differences with LTE 229 3.10.2 Physical Layer Design 230 3.10.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 230 3.10.2.2 Antenna Port Mapping 237 3.10.2.3 Sequence Generation and Mapping 239 3.10.2.4 Multiplexing with Other UL Signals 243 3.10.3 SRS Resource Sets 244 3.10.3.1 SRS for Downlink CSI Acquisition for Reciprocity-Based Operation 244 3.10.3.2 SRS for Uplink CSI Acquisition 245 3.10.3.3 SRS for Uplink Beam Management 246 3.11 Power Control (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 246 3.12 DL and UL Transmission Framework (Mihai Enescu, Nokia, Karri Ranta-aho, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 249 3.12.1 Downlink Transmission Schemes for PDSCH 249 3.12.2 Downlink Transmit Processing 250 3.12.2.1 PHY Processing for PDSCH 250 3.12.2.2 PHY Processing for PDCCH 251 3.12.3 Uplink Transmission Schemes for PUSCH 254 3.12.3.1 Codebook Based UL Transmission 254 3.12.3.2 Non-Codebook Based UL Transmission 255 3.12.4 Uplink Transmit Processings 255 3.12.4.1 PHY Processing for PUSCH 255 3.12.5 Bandwidth Adaptation 256 3.12.5.1 Overview 256 3.12.5.2 Support for Narrow-Band UE in a Wide-Band Cell 257 3.12.5.3 Saving Battery with Bandwidth Adaptation 257 3.12.5.4 Spectrum Flexibility 260 3.12.6 Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI) 260 4 Main Radio Interface Related System Procedures 261Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Emad Farag, Mihai Enescu, Claes Tidestav, Juha Karjalainen, Timo Koskela, Sebastian Faxér, Dawid Koziol, and Helka-Liina Määttänen 4.1 Initial Access (Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland, Emad Farag, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 261 4.1.1 Cell Search 261 4.1.1.1 SS/PBCH Block Time Pattern 262 4.1.1.2 Initial Cell Selection Related Assistance Information 265 4.1.2 Random Access 265 4.1.2.1 Introduction 265 4.1.2.2 Higher Layer Random Access Procedures 266 4.1.2.3 Random Access Use Cases 274 4.1.2.4 Physical Layer Random Access Procedures 274 4.1.2.5 RACH in Release 16 283 4.2 Beam Management (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland, Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden, Sami Hakola, Juha Karjalainen, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 287 4.2.1 Introduction to Beam Management 287 4.2.2 Beam Management Procedures 289 4.2.2.1 Beamwidths 291 4.2.2.2 Beam Determination 291 4.2.3 Beam Indication Framework for DL Quasi Co-location and TCI States 296 4.2.3.1 QCL 296 4.2.3.2 TCI Framework 297 4.2.4 Beam Indication Framework for UL Transmission 303 4.2.4.1 SRS Configurations 305 4.2.4.2 Signaling Options for SRS Used for UL Beam Management 306 4.2.4.3 Beam Reporting from a UE with Multiple Panels 306 4.2.5 Reporting of L1-RSRP 307 4.2.6 Beam Failure Detection and Recovery 312 4.2.6.1 Overview 312 4.2.6.2 Beam Failure Detection 313 4.2.6.3 New Candidate Beam Selection 314 4.2.6.4 Recovery Request and Response 315 4.2.6.5 Completion of BFR Procedure 316 4.3 CSI Framework (Sebastian Faxér, Ericsson, Sweden) 317 4.3.1 Reporting and Resource Settings 318 4.3.2 Reporting Configurations and CSI Reporting Content 323 4.3.2.1 The Different CSI Parameters 323 4.3.2.2 CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) 323 4.3.2.3 SSB Resource Indicator 324 4.3.2.4 Precoder Matrix Indicator (PMI) and Rank Indicator (RI) 324 4.3.2.5 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) 325 4.3.2.6 Layer Indicator (LI) 327 4.3.2.7 Layer-1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) 327 4.3.2.8 Reporting Quantities 327 4.3.2.9 Frequency-Granularity 331 4.3.2.10 Measurement Restriction of Channel and Interference 332 4.3.2.11 Codebook Configuration 333 4.3.2.12 NZP CSI-RS Based Interference Measurement 333 4.3.3 Triggering/Activation of CSI Reports and CSI-RS 334 4.3.3.1 Aperiodic CSI-RS/IM and CSI Reporting 334 4.3.3.2 Semi-Persistent CSI-RS/IM and CSI Reporting 335 4.3.4 UCI Encoding 337 4.3.4.1 Collision Rules and Priority Order 338 4.3.4.2 Partial CSI Omission for PUSCH-Based CSI 339 4.3.5 CSI Processing Criteria 340 4.3.6 CSI Timeline Requirement 341 4.3.7 Codebook-Based Feedback 344 4.3.7.1 Motivation for the Use of DFT Codebooks 346 4.3.7.2 DL Type I Codebook 349 4.3.7.3 DL Type II Codebook 352 4.4 Radio Link Monitoring (Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden, Dawid Koziol, Nokia Bell Labs, Poland) 356 4.4.1 Causes of Radio Link Failure 357 4.4.1.1 Physical Layer Problem 357 4.4.1.2 Random Access Failure 363 4.4.1.3 RLC Failure 364 4.4.2 Actions After RLF 365 4.4.2.1 RLF in MCG 365 4.4.2.2 RLF in SCG 368 4.4.3 Relation Between RLM/RLF and BFR 368 4.5 Radio Resource Management (RRM) and Mobility (Helka-Liina Määttänen, Ericsson, Finland, Dawid Koziol, Nokia Bell Labs, Poland, Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden) 370 4.5.1 Introduction 370 4.5.2 UE Mobility Measurements 371 4.5.2.1 NR Mobility Measurement Quantities 372 4.5.2.2 SS/PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) 374 4.5.2.3 SS/PBCH Block Transmission in Frequency Domain 376 4.5.3 Connected Mode Mobility 376 4.5.3.1 Overview of RRM Measurements 378 4.5.3.2 Measurement Configuration 378 4.5.3.3 Performing RRM Measurements 383 4.5.3.4 Handover Procedure 384 4.5.4 Idle and Inactive Mode Mobility 388 4.5.4.1 Introduction 388 4.5.4.2 Cell Selection and Reselection 389 4.5.4.3 Location Registration Udate 393 4.5.4.4 Division of IDLE Mode Tasks between NAS and AS Layers 396 5 Performance Characteristics of 5G New Radio 397Fred Vook 5.1 Introduction 397 5.2 Sub-6 GHz: Codebook-Based MIMO in NR 398 5.2.1 Antenna Array Configurations 398 5.2.2 System Modeling 399 5.2.3 Downlink CSI Feedback and MIMO Transmission Schemes 399 5.2.4 Traffic Models and Massive MIMO 401 5.2.5 Performance in Full Buffer Traffic 401 5.2.6 Performance in Bursty (FTP) Traffic 404 5.2.7 Performance of NR Type II CSI 411 5.3 NR MIMO Performance in mmWave Bands 413 5.4 Concluding Remarks 416 6 UE Features 419Mihai Enescu 6.1 Reference Signals 422 6.1.1 DM-RS 422 6.1.2 CSI-RS 423 6.1.3 PT-RS 424 6.1.4 SRS 424 6.1.5 TRS 425 6.1.6 Beam Management 426 6.1.7 TCI and QCL 428 6.1.8 Beam Failure Detection 428 6.1.9 RLM 429 6.1.10 CSI Framework 429 References 433 Index 437
£98.96
CABI Publishing Biology of Animal Stress
Book SynopsisThe subjects of stress and animal welfare are currently attracting immense interest. This book brings together a range of perspectives from biomedical research (including human health and animal models of human stress) on stress and welfare, and assesses new approaches to conceptualising and alleviating stress.Table of Contents1: Biological Response to Stress: Implications for Animal Welfare, G P Moberg, University of California, USA 2: Some Issues in the Interpretation of Behavioural Responses to Stress, J Rushen, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Canada 3: Neoroendocrine Responses to Stress, R L Matteri, J A Carroll and C J Dyer, University of Missouri, USA 4: The Metabolic Consequences of Stress: Targets for Stress and Priority of Nutrient Use, T H Elsasser et al., USDA, Agricultural Research Service, USA 5: Immune System Response to Stress, F Blecha, Kansas State University, USA 6: Hands-on and Hands-off Measurement of Stress, C J Cook et al., Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand 7: Accumulation and Long-Term Effects of Stress in Fish, C B Schreck, Oregon State University, USA 8: Chronic Intermittent Stress: A Model for the Study of Long Term Stressors, J Ladewig, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark 9: Quantifying Some Responses to Pain as a Stressor, D J Mellor, Massey University, New Zealand, C J Cook and K J Stafford, Horticultural and Food Research Institute of New Zealand, New Zealand 10: Multiple Factors Controlling Behaviour: Implications for Stress and Welfare, F Toates, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK 11: Chronic Social Stress: Studies in Nonhuman Primates, S P Mendoza, J P Capitanio and W A Mason, University of California, USA 12: Consequences of Stress During Development, D C Lay Jr., Iowa State University, USA 13: Early Developmental Influences of Experience on Behaviour, Temperament, and Stress, W A Mason, University of California, USA 14: Genetic Selection to Reduce Stress in Animals, T G Pottinger, NERC Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Windermere Laboratory, Cumbria, UK 15: Human-Animal Interactions and Animal Stress, P H Hemsworth and J L Barnett, Agriculture Victoria, Australia 16: Alleviating Stress in Zoo Animals with Environmental Enrichment, K Carlstead, National Zoological Park, Washington, USA and D Shepherdson, Oregon Zoo, USA 17: Understanding the Role of Stress in Animal Welfare: Practical Considerations, T L Wolfle, formerly of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, USA
£108.90
CABI Publishing Welfare of the Laying Hen
Book SynopsisThe welfare of egg-producing poultry is a topic of great concern to the poultry industry and to researchers in applied animal behaviour. It is also subject to increased legislation. Issues such as battery cages, space requirements, access to daylight and free-range eggs have attracted public interest. This book brings together edited papers from the 27th Poultry Science Symposium of the World's Poultry Science Association (UK Branch), held in Bristol in July 2003. Topics covered include: welfare issues, perception and cognition, behaviour, health and diseases, stockmanship and the environment, handling, slaughter and transport, and perspectives of consumers and producers.Table of Contents1: The importance of welfare, J K Kirkwood, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare and Human Slaughter Association, UK Part I: THE STAKEHOLDERS 2: Hen welfare: consumer perspective, P A W Parrott, Harper Adams University College, UK 3: Government views on the welfare of laying hens, D G Pritchard, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK 4: Politics of hen welfare, D Wilkins, Eurogroup for Animal Welfare, Belgium 5: Implications of the World Trade Organization on hen welfare, D Bowles, RSPCA, UK 6: The retailer-consumer relationship with particular reference to animal welfare, R Layton, rlconsulting, UK 7: Quality assurance, J Gittins, ADAS, UK 8: The producer and hen welfare, A Jorêt, Deans Foods Ltd, UK PART II: OVERVIEWS 9: The laying hen: systems of production, A Elson, ADAS Gleadthorpe, UK 10: Stress and the welfare of laying hens, J P Thaxton, Mississippi State University, USA PART III: WELFARE ISSUES 11: Genetic influences on resource use, fear and sociality, J-M Faure, Station de Reserches Avicoles, France, and R B Jones, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 12: The genetics of feather pecking and cannibalism, J Kjaer, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark, and P M Hocking, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 13: Breeding for productivity and welfare, W M Muir, Pardue University, USA, and H-W Cheng, USDA-ARS, USA 14: Sensory perception : chemoreception, D E F McKeegan, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 15: Vision in the laying hen, N B Prescott, J R Jarvis, and C M Wathes, Silcoe Research Institute, UK 16: Pain and the laying hen, M Gentle and S Wilson, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 17: Chicken cognition, C J Nicol, University of Bristol, UK 18: Social space for laying hens, J J Cooper and M J Albentosa, University of Lincoln, UK 19: Nesting, perching and dust-bathing, L Keeling, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Sweden 20: Environmental enrichment: the need for practical strategies to improve poultry welfare, R B Jones, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 21: Feather pecking and feather loss, B Rodenburg and P Koene, Wageningen University, The Netherlands 22: Cannibalism, R Newberry, Washington State University, USA 23: Skeletal disorders in laying hens: the problem of osteoporosis and bone fractures, C C Whitehead, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 24: Disease control, D Shingleton, Waterman Farm, UK 25: Environmental management for laying hens, J-M Aerts, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, C M Wathes and D Berckmans, Silsoe Research Institute, UK 26: Lighting, G C Perry, University of Bristol, UK 27: Nutrition, feedstuffs and feeding, M G MacLeod, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK 28: Human – animal interactions, P H Hemsworth, Victorian Institute of Animal Science, Australia 29: Handling and catching of hens during depopulation, D Tinker and P S Berry, Silsoe Research Institute, UK, J A Rycroft, Unilever, UK, and N H Sparks, Avian Science Research Centre, UK 30: Transport of chicks, pullets and spent hens, M A Mitchell, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), UK, and PJ Kettlewell, Silsoe Research Institute, UK 31: Stunning and slaughter, M Raj, University of Bristol, UK PART IV: OUTCOMES 32: Overview, M C Appleby, The Humane Society of the United States, USA PART V: Posters
£131.26
Holiday House Inc The Fruits We Eat
Book SynopsisBerries, apples, melons, and grapes; oranges, grapefruits, bananas -- yum! This scrumptious picture book, a companion to The Vegetables We Eat, offers youngsters an inviting, information-packed cornucopia of favorite fruits. Gail Gibbons combines a clear, simple text with her signature illustrations to present fruit facts galore: the parts of fruits, where and how they grow, harvesting, processing, where to buy them, and how to enjoy them as part of a healthy diet.
£999.99
Farrar, Straus & Giroux Inc Subprime Attention Crisis Advertising and the
Book SynopsisFrom FSGO x Logic: a revealing examination of digital advertising and the internet's precarious foundation.
£11.39
McGraw-Hill Education (Asia) Mechanics Of Materials 8th Edition, Si Units
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1) Introduction-Concept ofStress2) Stress and Strain-AxialLoading3) Torsion4) Pure Bending5) Analysis and Design ofBeams for Bending6) Shearing Stresses inBeams and Thin-Walled Members7) Transformations ofStress and Strain8) Principal StressesUnder a Given Loading9) Deflection of Beams10) Columns11) Energy MethodsAppendicesA - Principal Units Usedin MechanicsB - Centroids and Momentsof AreasC - Centroids and Momentsof Inertia of Common Geometric ShapesD - Typical Properties ofSelected Materials Used in EngineeringE - Properties ofRolled-Steel ShapesF - Beam Deflections andSlopesG - Fundamentals ofEngineering Examination
£56.04
University of Minnesota Press Program Earth
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Jennifer Gabrys deftly synthesizes fields and lines of inquiry in weaving a signature story of our age, working across intellectual planes and variegated systems and networks. Program Earth is a tantalizing account of digital, citizen-sensing worlds in the making."—Kevin McHugh, Arizona State University"Impressive and original, Program Earth is not just concerned with the collection and dissemination of data, but also—and more crucially—with the transformation of these data and with their effects."—Steven Shaviro, author of The Universe of Things: On Speculative Realism"Full of stimulating ideas and provocative reframings of environmental concerns that are sure to spark further research."—American Journal of Sociology "Readers will revel in extensively written case studies as well as the contemplative opportunity to challenge, with renewed conceptual tools, the urgent notion of the environment."—Cultural Geographies"Jennifer Gabrys' book is a timely publication that combines empirical insights with a necessary speculative attitude in an emerging field."—Tecnosciencza"This sociological treatise is a valuable contribution for historians of technology... Program Earth succeeds in raising multiple epistemological and political issues intertwining sensing technologies, infrastructures, democracy, and power."—Technology and Culture Table of ContentsContentsPreface and AcknowledgmentsIntroduction. Environment as Experiment in Sensing TechnologyPart 1. Wild Sensing1. Sensing an Experimental Forest: Processing Environments and Distributing Relations 2. From Moss Cam to Spillcam: Technogeographies of Experience3. Animals as Sensors: Mobile Organisms and the Problem of MilieusPart 2. Pollution Sensing4. Sensing Climate Change and Expressing Environmental Citizenship5. Sensing Oceans and Geo-Speculating with a Garbage Patch6. Sensing Air and Creaturing Data Part 3. Urban Sensing7. Citizen Sensing in the Smart and Sustainable City: From Environments to Environmentality8. Engaging the Idiot in Participatory Digital Urbanism 9. Digital Infrastructures of Withness: Constructing a Speculative CityConclusion. Planetary Computerization, RevisitedNotesBibliographyIndex
£21.59
John Wiley & Sons Inc From GSM to LTEAdvanced Pro and 5G
Book SynopsisA revised edition of the text that offers a comparative introduction to global wireless standards, technologies and their applications The revised and updated fourth edition of From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband offers an authoritative guide to the technical descriptions of the various wireless technologies currently in use. The authora noted expert on the topicexplains the rationale behind their differing mechanisms and implementations while exploring the advantages and limitations of each technology. The fourth edition reflects the significant changes in mobile network technology that have taken place since the third edition was published. The text offers a new chapter on 5G NR that explores its non-standalone and standalone architecture. In the Wi-Fi chapter, additional sections focus on the new WPA3 authentication protocol, the new 802.11ax air interface and protocol extensions like 802.11k and 11v for meshed networks. This important book: Presents the various systems based on the standards, their practical implementation and design assumptions, and their performance and capacityProvides an in-depth analysis of each system in practiceOffers an updated edition of the most current changes to mobile network technologyIncludes questions at the end of each chapter and answers on the accompanying website that make this book ideal for self-study or as course material Written for students and professionals of wireless technologies, the revised fourth edition of From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G provides an in-depth review and description of the most current mobile networks and broadband.Table of ContentsPreface to Fourth Edition xv 1 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1 1.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission 2 1.1.1 Classic Circuit Switching 2 1.1.2 Virtual Circuit Switching over IP 3 1.2 Standards 4 1.3 Transmission Speeds 5 1.4 The Signaling System Number 7 6 1.4.1 The Classic SS-7 Protocol Stack 7 1.4.2 SS-7 Protocols for GSM 10 1.4.3 IP-Based SS-7 Protocol Stack 11 1.5 The GSM Subsystems 12 1.6 The Network Subsystem 12 1.6.1 The Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Server, and Gateway 13 1.6.2 The Visitor Location Register (VLR) 16 1.6.3 The Home Location Register (HLR) 17 1.6.4 The Authentication Center 21 1.6.5 The Short Messaging Service Center (SMSC) 23 1.7 The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Voice Processing 24 1.7.1 Frequency Bands 24 1.7.2 The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 26 1.7.3 The GSM Air Interface 28 1.7.4 The Base Station Controller (BSC) 35 1.7.5 The TRAU for Voice Encoding 39 1.7.6 Channel Coder and Interleaver in the BTS 43 1.7.7 Ciphering in the BTS and Security Aspects 45 1.7.8 Modulation 48 1.7.9 Voice Activity Detection 48 1.8 Mobility Management and Call Control 50 1.8.1 Cell Reselection and Location Area Update 50 1.8.2 The Mobile-Terminated Call 51 1.8.3 Handover Scenarios 54 1.9 The Mobile Device 56 1.10 The SIM Card 58 1.11 The Intelligent Network Subsystem and CAMEL 63 Questions 65 References 66 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and EDGE 69 2.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission over GSM 69 2.2 Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS 70 2.3 The GPRS Air Interface 72 2.3.1 GPRS vs. GSM Timeslot Usage on the Air Interface 72 2.3.2 Mixed GSM/GPRS Timeslot Usage in a Base Station 74 2.3.3 Coding Schemes 75 2.3.4 Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 76 2.3.5 Mobile Device Classes 79 2.3.6 Network Mode of Operation 80 2.3.7 GPRS Logical Channels on the Air Interface 81 2.4 The GPRS State Model 84 2.5 GPRS Network Elements 87 2.5.1 The Packet Control Unit (PCU) 87 2.5.2 The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 88 2.5.3 The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 90 2.6 GPRS Radio Resource Management 91 2.7 GPRS Interfaces 95 2.8 GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management (GMM/SM) 99 2.8.1 Mobility Management Tasks 100 2.8.2 GPRS Session Management 103 Questions 105 References 106 3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) 107 3.1 Overview 107 3.1.1 3GPP Release 99: The First UMTS Access Network Implementation 108 3.1.2 3GPP Release 4: Enhancements for the Circuit-Switched Core Network 111 3.1.3 3GPP Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 111 3.1.4 3GPP Release 6: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 112 3.1.5 3GPP Release 7: Even Faster HSPA and Continued Packet Connectivity 113 3.1.6 3GPP Release 8: LTE, Further HSPA Enhancements and Femtocells 113 3.2 Important New Concepts of UMTS 114 3.2.1 The Radio Access Bearer (RAB) 114 3.2.2 The Access Stratum and Non-Access Stratum 115 3.2.3 Common Transport Protocols for CS and PS 116 3.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 116 3.3.1 Spreading Factor, Chip Rate, and Process Gain 119 3.3.2 The OVSF Code Tree 120 3.3.3 Scrambling in Uplink and Downlink Direction 122 3.3.4 UMTS Frequency and Cell Planning 123 3.3.5 The Near–Far Effect and Cell Breathing 124 3.3.6 Advantages of the UMTS Radio Network Compared to GSM 126 3.4 UMTS Channel Structure on the Air Interface 128 3.4.1 User Plane and Control Plane 128 3.4.2 Common and Dedicated Channels 128 3.4.3 Logical, Transport, and Physical Channels 129 3.4.4 Example: Network Search 133 3.4.5 Example: Initial Network Access Procedure 135 3.4.6 The Uu Protocol Stack 137 3.5 The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 142 3.5.1 Node-B, Iub Interface, NBAP, and FP 142 3.5.2 The RNC, Iu, Iub and Iur Interfaces, RANAP, and RNSAP 143 3.5.3 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) NB and WB Codecs for Voice Calls 148 3.5.4 Radio Resource Control (RRC) States 150 3.6 Core Network Mobility Management 155 3.7 Radio Network Mobility Management 156 3.7.1 Mobility Management in the Cell-DCH State 156 3.7.2 Mobility Management in Idle State 165 3.7.3 Mobility Management in Other States 166 3.8 UMTS CS and PS Call Establishment 168 3.9 UMTS Security 172 3.10 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and HSPA+ 174 3.10.1 HSDPA Channels 174 3.10.2 Shorter Delay Times and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 176 3.10.3 Node-B Scheduling 178 3.10.4 Adaptive Modulation and Coding, Transmission Rates, and Multicarrier Operation 179 3.10.5 Establishment and Release of an HSDPA Connection 181 3.10.6 HSDPA Mobility Management 182 3.11 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 183 3.11.1 E-DCH Channel Structure 184 3.11.2 The E-DCH Protocol Stack and Functionality 187 3.11.3 E-DCH Scheduling 189 3.11.4 E-DCH Mobility 191 3.11.5 E-DCH-Capable Devices 192 3.12 Radio and Core Network Enhancements: CPC 193 3.12.1 A New Uplink Control Channel Slot Format 193 3.12.2 Reporting Reduction 194 3.12.3 HS-SCCH Discontinuous Reception 195 3.12.4 HS-SCCH-less Operation 195 3.12.5 Enhanced Cell-FACH and Cell/URA-PCH States 196 3.13 Radio Resource State Management 197 3.14 Automated Emergency Calls (eCall) from Vehicles 198 Questions 199 References 200 4 Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced Pro 203 4.1 Introduction and Overview 203 4.2 Network Architecture and Interfaces 206 4.2.1 LTE Mobile Devices and the LTE Uu Interface 207 4.2.2 The eNB and the S1 and X2 Interfaces 210 4.2.3 The Mobility Management Entity (MME) 213 4.2.4 The Serving Gateway (S-GW) 215 4.2.5 The PDN-Gateway 215 4.2.6 The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 217 4.2.7 Billing, Prepaid, and Quality of Service 218 4.3 FDD Air Interface and Radio Network 219 4.3.1 OFDMA for Downlink Transmission 220 4.3.2 SC-FDMA for Uplink Transmission 222 4.3.3 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Subchannels 223 4.3.4 Symbols, Slots, Radio Blocks, and Frames 225 4.3.5 Reference and Synchronization Signals 226 4.3.6 The LTE Channel Model in the Downlink Direction 227 4.3.7 Downlink Management Channels 228 4.3.8 System Information Messages 229 4.3.9 The LTE Channel Model in the Uplink Direction 230 4.3.10 MIMO Transmission 233 4.3.11 HARQ and Other Retransmission Mechanisms 236 4.3.12 PDCP Compression and Ciphering 238 4.3.13 Protocol Layer Overview 239 4.4 TD-LTE Air Interface 240 4.5 Scheduling 242 4.5.1 Downlink Scheduling 242 4.5.2 Uplink Scheduling 246 4.6 Basic Procedures 247 4.6.1 Cell Search 247 4.6.2 Attach and Default Bearer Activation 250 4.6.3 Handover Scenarios 254 4.6.4 Default and Dedicated Bearers 259 4.7 Mobility Management and Power Optimization 260 4.7.1 Mobility Management in RRC Connected State 260 4.7.2 Mobility Management in RRC Idle State 263 4.7.3 Mobility Management and State Changes in Practice 265 4.8 LTE Security Architecture 267 4.9 Interconnection with UMTS and GSM 268 4.9.1 Cell Reselection between LTE and GSM/UMTS 268 4.9.2 RRC Connection Release with Redirect from LTE to GSM/UMTS 270 4.9.3 Handover from LTE to UMTS 271 4.9.4 Returning from UMTS and GPRS to LTE 271 4.10 Carrier Aggregation 272 4.10.1 CA Types, Bandwidth Classes, and Band Combinations 273 4.10.2 CA Configuration, Activation, and Deactivation 275 4.10.3 Uplink Carrier Aggregation 278 4.11 Network Planning Aspects 279 4.11.1 Single Frequency Network 279 4.11.2 Cell-Edge Performance 279 4.11.3 Self-Organizing Network Functionality 281 4.11.4 Cell Site Throughput and Number of Simultaneous Users 282 4.12 CS-Fallback for Voice and SMS Services with LTE 283 4.12.1 SMS over SGs 284 4.12.2 CS-Fallback for Voice Calls 285 4.13 Network Sharing – MOCN and MORAN 288 4.13.1 National Roaming 288 4.13.2 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network) 289 4.13.3 MORAN (Mobile Operator Radio Access Network) 290 4.14 From Dipoles to Active Antennas and Gigabit Backhaul 290 4.15 IPv6 in Mobile Networks 292 4.15.1 IPv6 Prefix and Interface Identifiers 293 4.15.2 IPv6 and International Roaming 295 4.15.3 IPv6 and Tethering 296 4.15.4 IPv6-Only Connectivity 297 4.16 Network Function Virtualization 298 4.16.1 Virtualization on the Desktop 299 4.16.2 Running an Operating System in a Virtual Machine 299 4.16.3 Running Several Virtual Machines Simultaneously 300 4.16.4 Virtual Machine Snapshots 300 4.16.5 Cloning a Virtual Machine 301 4.16.6 Virtualization in Data Centers in the Cloud 302 4.16.7 Managing Virtual Machines in the Cloud 303 4.16.8 Network Function Virtualization 303 4.16.9 Virtualizing Routers 305 4.16.10 Software-Defined Networking 305 4.17 Machine Type Communication and the Internet of Things 306 4.17.1 LTE Cat-1 Devices 307 4.17.2 LTE Cat-0 Devices and PSM 307 4.17.3 LTE Cat-M1 Devices 308 4.17.4 LTE NB1 (NB-IoT) Devices 308 4.17.5 NB-IoT – Deployment Options 309 4.17.6 NB-IoT – Air Interface 309 4.17.7 NB-IoT – Control Channels and Scheduling 310 4.17.8 NB-IoT Multicarrier Operation 311 4.17.9 NB-IoT Throughput and Number of Devices per Cell 312 4.17.10 NB-IoT Power Consumption Considerations 312 4.17.11 NB-IoT – High Latency Communication 313 4.17.12 NB-IoT – Optimizing IP-Based and Non-IP-Based Data Transmission 314 4.17.13 NB-IoT Summary 316 Questions 316 References 317 5 VoLTE, VoWifi, and Mission Critical Communication 321 5.1 Overview 321 5.2 The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 322 5.3 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and VoLTE 326 5.3.1 Architecture Overview 326 5.3.2 Registration 328 5.3.3 VoLTE Call Establishment 330 5.3.4 LTE Bearer Configurations for VoLTE 332 5.3.5 Dedicated Bearer Setup with Preconditions 334 5.3.6 Header Compression and DRX 336 5.3.7 Speech Codec and Bandwidth Negotiation 337 5.3.8 Alerting Tone, Ringback Tone, and Early Media 340 5.3.9 Port Usage 340 5.3.10 Message Filtering and Asserted Identities 341 5.3.11 DTMF Tones 342 5.3.12 SMS over IMS 343 5.3.13 Call Forwarding Settings and XCAP 344 5.3.14 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity 346 5.3.15 Radio Domain Selection, T-ADS, and VoLTE Interworking with GSM and UMTS 349 5.3.16 VoLTE Emergency Calls 350 5.4 VoLTE Roaming 352 5.4.1 Option 1: VoLTE Local Breakout 353 5.4.2 Option 2: VoLTE S8-Home Routing 354 5.5 Voice over WiFi (VoWifi) 356 5.5.1 VoWifi Network Architecture 356 5.5.2 VoWifi Handover 359 5.5.3 Wi-Fi-Preferred vs. Cellular-Preferred 360 5.5.4 SMS, MMS, and Supplementary Services over Wi-Fi 360 5.5.5 VoWifi Roaming 361 5.6 VoLTE Compared to Fixed-Line IMS in Practice 362 5.7 Mission Critical Communication (MCC) 363 5.7.1 Overview 363 5.7.2 Advantages of LTE for Mission Critical Communication 364 5.7.3 Challenges of Mission Critical Communication for LTE 365 5.7.4 Network Operation Models 367 5.7.5 Mission Critical Push To Talk (MCPTT) – Overview 368 5.7.6 MCPTT Group Call Establishment 370 5.7.7 MCPTT Floor Control 371 5.7.8 MCPTT Group Call Types 372 5.7.9 MCPTT Configuration and Provisioning 372 5.7.10 eMBMS for MCPTT 373 5.7.11 Priority and Quality of Service 376 Questions 376 References 377 6 5G New Radio (NR) and the 5G Core 379 6.1 Introduction and Overview 379 6.1.1 Reasons for Initially Launching 5G as a Hybrid Solution 380 6.1.2 Frequency Range 1 and 2 381 6.1.3 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Low- and Mid-Bands 381 6.1.4 Network Deployments and Organization of this Chapter 382 6.2 5G NR Non-Standalone (NSA) Architecture 382 6.2.1 Network Architecture and Interfaces 382 6.2.2 3GPP 5G Deployment Options 1–7 and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 385 6.2.3 Options 3, 3A, and Option 3X 387 6.2.4 Fronthaul Interface 388 6.3 5G TDD Air Interface 388 6.3.1 Flexible OFDMA for Downlink Transmission 390 6.3.2 The 5G Resource Grid: Symbols, Slots, Resource Blocks, and Frames 392 6.3.3 Synchronization and Reference Signals 393 6.3.4 Massive-MIMO for Beamforming and Multi-User Data Transfer 395 6.3.5 TDD Slot Formats 398 6.3.6 Downlink Control Channels 400 6.3.7 Uplink Channels 401 6.3.8 Bandwidth Parts 401 6.3.9 The Downlink Control Channel and Scheduling 403 6.3.10 Downlink Data Throughput in Theory and Practice 405 6.3.11 Uplink Data Throughput 407 6.3.12 TDD Air Interface for mmWave Bands (FR2) 407 6.4 5G FDD Air Interface 409 6.4.1 Refarming and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 410 6.5 EN-DC Bearers and Scheduling 415 6.5.1 Split Bearers, Flow Control 416 6.5.2 Two UE Transmitter Requirement for EN-DC 417 6.6 Basic Procedures and Mobility Management in Non-Standalone Mode 418 6.6.1 Establishment of an LTE-Only Bearer as 5G Anchor 419 6.6.2 5G NR Cell Addition in Non-Standalone Mode 422 6.6.3 When to Show a 5G Indicator 426 6.6.4 Handover Scenarios 427 6.6.5 EN-DC Signaling Radio Bearers 430 6.6.6 5G Non-Standalone and VoLTE 430 6.7 Network Planning and Deployment Aspects 431 6.7.1 The Range of Band n78 431 6.7.2 Backhaul Considerations 432 6.8 5G NR Standalone (SA) Architecture and Basic Procedures 432 6.8.1 5G Core Network Functions 432 6.8.2 Network Interfaces 434 6.8.3 Subscriber and Device Identifiers 435 6.8.4 5G Core Network Procedures Overview 435 6.8.5 Connection Management 436 6.8.6 Registration Management Procedure 436 6.8.7 Session Management 437 6.8.8 Mobility Management 442 6.8.9 New Security Features 444 6.8.10 The 5G Core and Different RAN Deployments 446 6.8.11 5G and 4G Core Network Interworking 446 6.8.12 The 5G Core Network and SMS 451 6.8.13 Cloud Native 5G Core 451 6.9 The 5G Air Interface in Standalone Operation 454 6.9.1 RRC Inactive State 454 6.9.2 System Information Messages 455 6.9.3 Measurement Configuration, Events, and Handovers 456 6.10 Future 5G Functionalities 457 6.10.1 Voice Service in 5G 457 6.10.2 Ethernet and Unstructured PDU Session Types 459 6.10.3 Network Slicing 459 Questions 461 References 461 7 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 465 7.1 Wireless LAN Overview 465 7.2 Transmission Speeds and Standards 465 7.3 WLAN Configurations: From Ad Hoc to Wireless Bridging 468 7.3.1 Ad Hoc, BSS, ESS, and Wireless Bridging 469 7.3.2 SSID and Frequency Selection 472 7.4 Management Operations 474 7.5 The MAC Layer 479 7.5.1 Air Interface Access Control 479 7.5.2 The MAC Header 482 7.6 The Physical Layer and MAC Extensions 483 7.6.1 IEEE 802.11b – 11 Mbit/s 484 7.6.2 IEEE 802.11g with up to 54 Mbit/s 486 7.6.3 IEEE 802.11a with up to 54 Mbit/s 488 7.6.4 IEEE 802.11n with up to 600 Mbits/s 489 7.6.5 IEEE 802.11ac – Wi-Fi 5 – Gigabit Wireless 497 7.6.6 IEEE 802.11ax – Wi-Fi 6 – High Efficiency Extensions 502 7.6.7 IEEE 802.11ad – Gigabit Wireless at 60 GHz 506 7.7 Wireless LAN Security 510 7.7.1 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Early Security Measures 510 7.7.2 WPA and WPA2 Personal Mode Authentication 510 7.7.3 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-TLS 512 7.7.4 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-TTLS 513 7.7.5 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-PEAP 515 7.7.6 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-SIM 516 7.7.7 WPA and WPA2 Encryption 518 7.7.8 Wi-Fi-Protected Setup (WPS) 519 7.7.9 WPA3 Personal Mode Authentication 520 7.7.10 Protected Management Frames 522 7.8 IEEE 802.11e and WMM – Quality of Service 523 Questions 530 References 531 8 Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy 533 8.1 Overview and Applications 533 8.2 Physical Properties 534 8.3 Piconets and the Master/Slave Concept 538 8.4 The Bluetooth Protocol Stack 540 8.4.1 The Baseband Layer 540 8.4.2 The Link Controller 546 8.4.3 The Link Manager 549 8.4.4 The HCI Interface 549 8.4.5 The L2CAP Layer 552 8.4.6 The Service Discovery Protocol 554 8.4.7 The RFCOMM Layer 556 8.4.8 Overview of Bluetooth Connection Establishment 557 8.5 Bluetooth Security 558 8.5.1 Pairing up to Bluetooth 2.0 559 8.5.2 Pairing with Bluetooth 2.1 and Above (Secure Simple Pairing) 560 8.5.3 Authentication 562 8.5.4 Encryption 563 8.5.5 Authorization 563 8.5.6 Security Modes 564 8.6 Bluetooth Profiles 565 8.6.1 Basic Profiles: GAP, SDP, and the Serial Profile 567 8.6.2 Object Exchange Profiles: FTP, Object Push, and Synchronize 568 8.6.3 Headset, Hands-Free, and SIM Access Profile 570 8.6.4 High-Quality Audio Streaming 574 8.6.5 The Human Interface Device (HID) Profile 577 8.7 Bluetooth Low Energy 577 8.7.1 Introduction 577 8.7.2 The Lower BLE Layers 579 8.7.3 BLE SMP, GAP, and Connection Establishment 581 8.7.4 BLE Authentication, Security, and Privacy 582 8.7.5 BLE ATT and GATT 583 8.7.6 Practical Example 585 8.7.7 BLE Beacons 587 8.7.8 BLE and IPv6 Internet Connectivity 588 Questions 589 References 590 Index 593
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Elsevier Science Advanced Methods and Deep Learning in Computer Vision
Table of Contents List of contributors xi About the editors xiii Preface xv 1. The dramatically changing face of computer vision E.R. DAVIES 1.1 Introduction – computer vision and its origins 1 1.2 Part A – Understanding low-level image processing operators 4 1.3 Part B – 2-D object location and recognition 15 1.4 Part C – 3-D object location and the importance of invariance 29 1.5 Part D – Tracking moving objects 55 1.6 Part E – Texture analysis 61 1.7 Part F – From artificial neural networks to deep learning methods 68 1.8 Part G – Summary 86 References 87 2. Advanced methods for robust object detection ZHAOWEI CAI AND NUNO VASCONCELOS 2.1 Introduction 93 2.2 Preliminaries 95 2.3 R-CNN 96 2.4 SPP-Net 97 2.5 Fast R-CNN 98 2.6 Faster R-CNN 101 2.7 Cascade R-CNN 103 2.8 Multiscale feature representation 106 2.9 YOLO 110 2.10 SSD 112 2.11 RetinaNet 113 2.12 Detection performances 115 2.13 Conclusion 115 References 116 3. Learning with limited supervision SUJOY PAUL AND AMIT K. 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Visual tracking MICHAEL FELSBERG 9.1 Introduction 305 9.2 Template-based methods 308 9.3 Online-learning-based methods 314 9.4 Deep learning-based methods 323 9.5 The transition from tracking to segmentation 327 9.6 Conclusions 331 References 332 10. Long-term deep object tracking EFSTRATIOS GAVVES AND DEEPAK GUPTA 10.1 Introduction 337 10.2 Short-term visual object tracking 341 10.3 Long-term visual object tracking 345 10.4 Discussion 367 References 368 11. Learning for action-based scene understanding CORNELIA FERMÜLLER AND MICHAEL MAYNORD 11.1 Introduction 373 11.2 Affordances of objects 375 11.3 Functional parsing of manipulation actions 383 11.4 Functional scene understanding through deep learning with language and vision 390 11.5 Future directions 397 11.6 Conclusions 399 References 399 12. Self-supervised temporal event segmentation inspired by cognitive theories RAMY MOUNIR, SATHYANARAYANAN AAKUR, AND SUDEEP SARKAR 12.1 Introduction 406 12.2 The event segmentation theory from cognitive science 408 12.3 Version 1: single-pass temporal segmentation using prediction 410 12.4 Version 2: segmentation using attention-based event models 421 12.5 Version 3: spatio-temporal localization using prediction loss map 428 12.6 Other event segmentation approaches in computer vision 440 12.7 Conclusions 443 References 444 13. Probabilistic anomaly detection methods using learned models from time-series data for multimedia self-aware systems CARLO REGAZZONI, ALI KRAYANI, GIULIA SLAVIC, AND LUCIO MARCENARO 13.1 Introduction 450 13.2 Base concepts and state of the art 451 13.3 Framework for computing anomaly in self-aware systems 458 13.4 Case study results: anomaly detection on multisensory data from a self-aware vehicle 467 13.5 Conclusions 476 References 477 14. 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Taylor & Francis Inc Implementing Quality in Laboratory Policies and
Book SynopsisIn order to gain accreditation, every laboratory must have a superior quality assurance program. The keys to a successful program are the operational and technical manuals and associated documents which define the program and its various components. Written by experts with global experience in setting up laboratories, Implementing Quality in Laboratory Policies and Processes: Using Templates, Project Management, and Six Sigma provides templates for the various policies, procedures, and forms that should be contained in the quality assurance, operational, and technical manuals of a laboratory seeking accreditation.Templates for the entire project life cycleThe book begins with a general introduction and overview of quality assurance and then moves on to cover implementation strategies. It contains best practices and templates for the project management of the design and implementation of the laboratory operational and teTrade Review...The authors do deserve applause for preventing repetitions, which are the norm, rather than exceptions, in books of this kind ... it is an important book which describes how quality has to be managed in any laboratory... —Puneet Setia and Avneesh Gupta, in Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Volume 11, Number 2, July - December 2010Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. POLICY TEMPLATES. Quality Assurance Program Overview. Audits, Inspections and Reviews. Document Control. Equipment and Chemicals. Personnel. Evidence. Laboratory Information Management Systems. Issue Management. Forms. CRITERIA FILES. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
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