Science: general issues Books

Book SynopsisIntroduces the methods of synoptic climatology (the spatial analysis of climates) and shows its vital importance in the understanding of environmental systems. Constructed around five environmental scenarios: tropospheric ozone concentration, surface wind flows, regional hydrology, local hydrology and acid rain.Table of ContentsManual Classification. Correlation-Based Map-Pattern Classification. Eigenvector-Based Classifications. Compositing, Indexing and Specification. Relationships Between the Atmospheric Circulation and the SurfaceEnvironment. The Future of Synoptic Climatology. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book fills a significant gap in the climatological literature; comprehensive assessment of the climates of the southern hemisphere. It is the first book of its type to provide a consolidated view of the climates of southern Africa, Australia, South America and Antarctica, addressing past and future climates as well as those in the present.Table of ContentsSouthern Hemisphere Overview. Present Climates of Southern Africa. Present Climates of Australia and New Zealand. Present Climates of South America. The Climate of the Antarctic Region. Past Climates of Southern Africa. Past Climates of Australasia. Past Climates of South America. Future Climate Scenarios for the Southern Continents.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDevelopments in the modelling of sediment transport in rivers and the interactions with the river-bed have been remarkable over the last two decades. This progress has increased the understanding of the nature of turbulence, and the ability to replicate mathematically simple flow-particle interactions which can be observed experimentally. In addition, quite elegant models of stratigraphic complexes have evolved because of the growing computational power available to scientists. As always, additional knowledge has raised even more intriguing questions and the quest for explanation of phenomena has led to increased specialisation. Therefore, there are few fluid dynamicists or sedimentologists who can successfully span the two disciplines. The intention of this book is to assist various specialists on keeping abreast of current developments in related areas. The book initially focuses on hydrodynamics of turbulent flow, followed by basic two and three-dimensional flow through straight andTable of ContentsPartial table of contents: Turbulent Flow in Rivers (J. Williams). The Fluid Dynamics of Small-scale Alluvial Bedforms (J.Best). Entrainment of Sediments from Deposits of Mixed Grain Sizes andDensities (P. Komar). Unsteady Transport of Sand Gravel Mixtures (R. Kuhnle). Modelling the Sediment Transport Process (A. Kelsey). Reconstructing Fluvial Channel Morphology from SedimentarySequences (C. Bristow). The Prediction and Modelling of Subsurface Fluvial Stratigraphy (C.North). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisRehabilitation of Rivers Principles and Implementation Edited by Louise C. de Waal Division of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK Andrew R. G. Large Department of Geography, University of Newcastle, UK and P. Max Wade Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK River rehabilitation has become an issue at the top of the agenda for water authorities and river managers in many countries throughout the world. This challenging topic involves a wide range of themes, many of which are brought together in this volume. They concern planning strategy, implementation and project appraisal for a number of different types of river systems including upland, lowland and urban rivers. Topic areas addressed include hydrology, geomorphology, ecology and economics as, to be successful, rehabilitation of freshwaters must incorporate all of these subjects within a holistic framework. This volume covers a wide range of countries, provides comprehTrade Review"This reviewer will use this as a volume of reading for my students..." ----Geographical Journal, September 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: PLANNING AND STRATEGY. Strategic Approaches to River Rehabilitation: River Leen and River Derwent (D. Hickie). Problems Associated with the Degradation of Rivers in Yorkshire and Initiatives to Achieve Rehabilitation (J. Pygott). Lowland Stream Restoration Projects in the Netherlands (P. Jasperse & M. Verbeek). Practical Methods for Nature Development (J. van Rijen). ECOLOGICAL SOUND REHABILITATION. Ecology and River Rehabilitation (G. Pinay). Integrated Approaches of Ecology and Engineering in River Rehabilitation (D. Borchardt). Ecologically Sound River Bank Design (J. Simons). IMPLEMENTATION, INCLUDING CASE STUDIES. The River Restoration Project (N. Holmes). Integrated Wetland and River Restoration in the Norfolk Broads (D. Prigmore). River Rehabilitation in Sweden (L. Vought). River Rehabilitation in Australia, New Zealand and Japan (C. Gippel). PROJECT APPRAISAL. Post Project Appraisal (E. Darby & E. Cranston).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was developed as an alternative to chemical pesticides following the widespread realization or their horrifying and damaging effects on environment, human, animal and plant health, which were vividly portrayed in Rachel Carson s book Silent Spring. The IPM approach involves the use of different tactics in compatible combinations to keep pest populations below the levels at which they cause economics injury. Thus. the IPM approach minimizes the use of chemical pesticides and avoids their harmful effects. The development and implementation of IPM has been increasing in North America with successful results. However, its role in tropical agriculture is less well known. For this reason, the United Nations Environment Programine (UNEP), and the International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) undertook a global review of IPM to assess the impact of related activities in tropical regions of Asia. Africa and South America. This volTable of ContentsPractice of Integrated Pest Management in Tropical and Sub-TropicalAfrica: An Overview of Two Decades (1970-1990) (O. Zethner). Practice of IPM in South and Southeast Asia (A. Raheja). Review of IPM in South America (C. Campanhola, et al.). Executive Summary and Recommendations. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents the understanding of dispersion processes in the marine environment in relatively simple terms in the hope that it will be helpful to oceanographers and scientists from other disciplines. Global case studies are included in this book.Table of ContentsFluid Dynamics - Homogeneous Flow. Fluid Dynamics - Stratified Flow. Turbulent Diffusion. Shear Dispersion. Modelling Dispersion. Methodology for Measurement and Observation. Studies of Well-Mixed Systems. Studies of Stratified Systems. Studies of Partially Stratified Systems. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book explores the rights and aspirations of the developing world, the need to balance ecology and economics, and the potential impact of policy on climate change, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere. A thorough reference source valuable to readers in a variety of disciplines.Trade Review"...worthy of being on your bookshelf..." --Climatic Change, Vol 45, 2000Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: GLOBAL CHANGE PLURALITIES. North-South: Where Is the Divide? (R. Graetz & M. Wilson). Bridging the Climate Gaps (A. Henderson-Sellers). HEMISPHERE CLIMATE: GLOBAL MODELS. Coupled Climate Systems Modelling (K. Trenberth). Southern Hemisphere Climate: Comparing Models with Reality (P.Whetton, et al.). Modelling Climatic Variability (N. Nicholls). Palaeoclimatic Modelling: A Western Pacific Perspective (J.Chappell & J. Syktus). CLIMATE CHANGE: ECOLOGICAL AND HUMAN DIMENSIONS. Global Change and Terrestrial Biosphere: The Present and FutureFocus (R. Graetz). Human and Physical Aspects of Tropical Deforestation (A.Henderson-Sellers, et al.). Contextualizing the Effects of Climate Change in Pacific IslandCountries (J. Campbell). POLICY PERSPECTIVES. Climate Science and Politics: The Road to Rio and Beyond (R.Taplin). From Rio to Berlin: Managing Climate Change (D. Victor & J.Salt). The Natural Debt: North and South (K. Smith). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by a leading expert in the field, this volume provides an outstanding review of the potential effects of global warming on river flows and water resources.Trade Review"... a readable, tasty and nourishing catch." (David Favis-Mortlock, , Progress in Physical Geography)Table of ContentsGlobal Warming, River Flows and Water Resources Climate Change and Hydrological Processes Assessing the Effects of Climate Change The Great Britain Case Study: Catchments, Models and Scenarios Changes in Water Resources in Britain Changes in River Flows over Time Changes in Water Quality Implications for Water Resources and Water Management

Read more less

Book SynopsisTropical Climatology Second Edition Glenn R. McGregor, The University of Birmingham, UK Simon Nieuwolt (deceased) Formerly Adjunct Professor, University of Guelph, Canada Climatology, the scientific study of climate, is not only concerned with explaining why a location''s or region''s climate is like it is but also with describing the nature and availability of the climate resource for a wide range of human activities. This subject is of great relevance to the tropics as climate in many ways controls the lives and economic activities of the approximately 2400 million people living in tropical regions. Tropical climates also have effects that reach far beyond the limits of the regions where they actually prevail: the global general circulation is largely driven by the export of considerable amounts of heat energy from tropical to extratropical latitudes: a large part of all atmospheric water content originates from the tropics, and intermittent tropical phenomena, like El Nino Southern Table of ContentsUnderstanding the Laws of Weather and Climate. Radiation Conditions in the Low Latitudes. Tropical Temperatures. General Circulation of the Topics. Non-seasonal Variations of the Tropical Circulation. Seasonal Variations in Regional Circulation Systems: The Monsoons. Tropical Disturbances. Water in Tropical Atmosphere. Tropical Precipitation. Tropical Climates. Tropical Climates and Agriculture. Climate Change. References. Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe very word barrages is evocative. In the context of tidal waters it conjures up pictures of massive structures and environmental change. Barrages represent the engineer s success where King Canute failed to stop the tide coming in. They are hardly a new concept as man has for centuries tried to harness tidal power to drive his machinery, but a new breed of barrage is emerging, aimed at regenerating depressed urban areas. One of the primary aims of such schemes has been to drown unsightly mud flats. If you happen to be a wading bird used to enjoying the worms that live in intertidal mud flats you may not share that perspective. Indeed, many people today tend to side with the birds, fish and other ecological wonders and often find themselves in conflict with the promoters of a barrage scheme. How far are their fears justified? Are the negative impacts as bad as some people have predicted or even worse? How accurately can the impacts be predicted by scientific methods? Can the barrage Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: CONCEPTS AND ISSUES. Tidal Barrages - Learning From Experience (T. Burt & I. Cruickshank). The Tidal Barriers for the Venice Lagoon (G. Cecconi). ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. The Severn Estuary: To Barrage or Not to Barrage? (P. Williams & D. Worrall). Managing the Impact of a Barrage on Outdoor Recreation (C.McGarvey). CARDIFF BAY: HYDRAULIC REGIME. Physical Modelling - An Effective Tool for Assessment of Barrage Design and Performance(M. Littlewood, et al.). CARDIFF BAY BARRAGE. Cardiff Bay Barrage: Design (P. Hunter, et al.). ECOLOGICAL ISSUES. Impacts of Barrages on Saltmarshes and Other Wetlands (M.Hill). WATER QUALITY. The Impacts on Water Quality of the Venice Tidal Barriers (A.Bernstein & G. Cecconi). COSTS, BENEFITS AND DECISIONS.The Tees Barrage - A Success Story (D. Hall). Protecting Wetlands in Norfolk - The Benefits of a Bure Barrier (P. Barham, et al.). TAWE BARRAGE. Post Impoundment Fishery Investigations on the Tawe Barrage, SouthWales (D. Mee, et al.). RIVER FLOWS AND CONTROL. Environmental Impact Assessment of Barrages in Sindh Province,Parkistan (A. Rehan). PLANNING AND CONTROL. The Colne Barrier (S. Hayman & F. Burd).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis invaluable overview of fluvial geomorphology provides river engineers and managers, who may lack specialist training, with useful insights into, and understanding of, natural channel forms and fluvial processes.Table of ContentsRiver Engineering and Management in the 21st Century (R.Hey). NATURAL CHANNEL STABILITY AND TIME PERSPECTIVES (M. Macklin). Channel, Floodplain and Drainage Basin Response to EnvironmentalChange (M. Macklin & J. Lewin). Short-Term Changes in Channel Stability (A. Werritty). RIVER CHANNEL AND VALLEY PROCESSES (J. Bathurst). Environmental Rive Flow Hydraulics (J. Bathurst). Sediment Erosion, Transport and Deposition (I. Reid, et al.). Bank Erosion and Instability (D. Lawler, et al.). CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMICS (K. Richards). Channel Types and Morphological Classification (C. Thorne). Stable River Morphology (R. Hey). Styles of Channel Change (J. Hooke). Prediction of Morphological Changes in Unstable Channels (K.Richards & S. Lane). River Dynamics and Channel Maintenance (A. Brookes). CASE STUDIES AND APPLICATIONS (M. Newson). Case Studies in the Application of Geomorphology to RiverManagement (M. Newson, et al.). Application of Applied Fluvial Geomorphology: Problem and Potential(C. Thorne, et al.). Indexes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe text describes the impact and management of rivers and covers issues of river channel stability, flood control, water quality, amelioration of detrimental impacts of utilitarian uses and provision of in-stream habitat in a generally arid continent.Trade Review"for bringing together some inherently fascinating case studies into a satisfying package, we should be grateful" (Zeitschrift fur Geomorphology, March 2001)Table of ContentsIntroduction (B. Finlayson S. Brizga). Some Human Impacts on Australian Stream Channel Morphology (I.Rutherfurd). Channel Planform Adjustments Along the Waiau River 1946-1992:Assessment of the Impacts of Flow Regulation (G. Brierley K.Fitchett). The Hydrological and Geomorphological Impacts of the Tinaroo FallsDam on the Barron River, North Queensland, Australia (B. Yu). Managing Regulated Rivers for Environmental Values: Selected CaseStudies from Southeastern Australia (C. Gippel). Geomorphic Effects of Extractive Industries and Their Implicationsfor River Management: The Case of the Hawkesbury-Nepean River, NewSouth Wales (W. Erskine D. Green). The Impact of Mining Waste on the Rivers Draining into Georges Bay,Northeast Tasmania (J. Bird). The Role of Stormwater Management in Sydney's Urban Rivers (R.Warner). The Dispersal and Storage of Trace Metals in the Hawkesbury RiverValley (M. Thoms, et al.). The Role of European Disturbance in the Metamorphosis of the LowerBega River (A. Brooks G. Brierley). The Management of Unstable Rivers: The Avon River, Victoria,Australia (S. Brizga B. Finlayson). Measuring Stream Condition (A. Ladson L. White). Conclusions: Future Directions (S. Brizga B. Finlayson). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by an expert with thirty years experience in the field,this is a concise review of the hydrodynamic concepts andcalculation procedures, upon which fluvial hydraulics isbuilt. The first part is devoted to steady uniform and non-uniform as wellas unsteady flow in open channels. The second part deals withtransport phenomena, including sediment transport and local scour,turbidity currents and mixing processes in open channels. The volume is divided into nine chapters of unequal length whichare autonomous and self-contained. The subject matter presented ineach chapter is usually followed by a number of solved exercises,accompanied by a detailed discussion of the solution procedure.Unsolved problems are given at the end of each chapter. The book is written in a user-friendly style and has a doublevocation. It will readily serve as a textbook for undergraduateand/or graduate students as well as a handbook for theprofessionals dealing with problems in environTable of ContentsHydrodynamic Considerations. Uniform Flow. Non-Uniform Flow. Unsteady Flow. Transport of Sediments. Turbidity Currents. Transport and Mixing of Matter. Local Scour. List of Symbols. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume consists of twenty chapters addressing different aspects of the theme of fluvial processes and environmental change. The overall coverage is broad; scientifically, (from modelling to alluvial dating), geographically (from arid zone flash-flooding to glacial meltwaters) and in time (from contemporary process studies to the Quaternary). The introductory chapter sets the context, which is an attempt to show how studies of fluvial processes can help us in understanding and therefore predicting the impact of environmental change on our rivers, riverine resources and landscapes. Environmental change includes both climatic factors, however caused, and human impacts on river basins. The differentiation of these two factors is discussed in several chapters whilst others take a more holistic approach. Both climatic and human factors have, and will remain, to act together and so their interactions need to be understood. Fluvial Processes and Environmental Change is divided into five sTrade Review"This is highly useful for post-graduates and researchers in fluvial geomorphology, hydrology, quarternary sceince, geology and environmental science." International Journal of Geosciences - Environmental Geology "...the content and breadth of this volume will make it a useful reference for a range of scholars in the environmental earth sciences..." (River Research and Applications, Vol 19(7), Dec 2003)Table of ContentsSlope Catchment Scale. Channel Response. Floodplain Processes. Floodplain Response. Glacierized Catchments.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.Table of ContentsContributors. 1. Dedication: Norman E. Borlaug The Humanitarian Plant Scientist Who Changed the World (Rodomiro Ortiz, David Mowbray, Christopher Dowswell, and Sanjaya Rajaram). 2. The Genetic Basis of the Green Revolution in Wheat Production (Richard M. Trethowan, Matthew P. Reynolds, J. Iván Ortiz–Monasterio, and Rodomiro Ortiz). I. Introduction. II. Changes in Plant Architecture and Photoperiod Response. III. Changes in Physiology and Adaptation. IV. Changes in Disease Resistance. V. Changes in Genetic Diversity. VI. Changes in Product Quality. VII. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 3. Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Soil Acidity (Shivaji Pandey, Luis Alberto Narro León, Dennis Keith Friesen, and Stephen Robert Waddington). I. Introduction. II. Agronomic and Management Solutions to Soil Acidity. III. Why Breeding Might Be an Option, and for Whom. IV. Genetics of Tolerance to Soil Acidity in Maize. V. Progress from Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Soil Acidity. VI. The Future of Breeding Maize for Tolerance to Soil Acidity. VII. Integrated Approach to Reducing Losses to Soil Acidity in Maize. Literature Cited. 4. Phenotypic Selection and Evaluation of Maize Inbreds for Adaptedness (A. Forrest Troyer). I. Introduction. II. Phenotypic Selection During Inbreeding. III. Evaluation of Maize Inbreds. IV. Progress 1955 to 2004. V. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 5. Transgenic Ornamental Crops (Adelheid R. Kuehnle and Rasika G. Mudalige–Jayawickrama). I. Introduction. II. Flower Color. III. Fragrance. IV. Vaselife. V. Disease and Pest Resistance. VI. Turfgrass. VII. Independence from Growth Regulations. VIII. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 6. Meiotic Mutations and Crop Improvement (Federica Consiglio, Domenico Carputo, Luigi Frusciante, Luigi Maria Monti, and Clara Conicella). I. Introduction. II. Cytological Tools. III. Molecular Tools. IV. Meiotic Genes and Mutations. V. Applications in Breeding. VI. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 7. Molecular Basis and Horticultural Application of the Gametophytic Self-incompatibility System in Rosaceous Tree Fruits (Martin Goldway, Gal Sapir, and Raphael A. Stern). I. Introduction. II. SC Mutants of GSI Plants. III. Molecular Methods for Determining Compatibility and Fertilization Efficiency. IV. Compatibility and Fruit Yield. V. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 8. Genetics of Seed Coat Color and Pattern in Common Bean (Mark J. Bassett). I. Introduction. II. Expression of Seed Coat Genes. III. Genetic and Developmental Models for Seed Coat Pattern. IV. A Critical Overview of the Reviews of Prakken and Leakey. V. Chromosome Locations of Genes Controlling Color and Pattern. VI. A Protocol for Determining Seed Coat Genotype. VII. The Future of Seed Coat Genetics Research in Common Bean. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe kea, a crow-sized parrot that lives in the rugged mountains of New Zealand, is considered by some a playful comic and by others a vicious killer. Its true character is a mystery that biologists have debated for more than a century. This book offers a comprehensive account of kea's contradictory nature.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTells a story about evolution, as well as a tale of the storms, scurvy, and shipwrecks that plagued the Pacific coast's explorers, naturalists, and scientists, many of whom led turbulent or tragic lives, with themes reflected in the wonder and danger of the coast itself.Trade Review"Wallace's easy-going style, mixing personal adventures with textbook science, makes paleontology as readable as narrative history." The California Territorial Quarterly "A fascinating narrative of adventures from the pioneer naturalists to modern scientists." -- Evelyne Bremond-Hoslet MammaliaTable of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Prologue. Steller's Sea Ape 1 / Reefs in the Desert 2 / Amphibious Ambiguities 3 / Bird Teeth and Reptile Necks 4 / Tail Tales 5 / Cope's Elusive Ophidians 6 / Hooves into Flippers 7 / Marsh's Deceptive Desmostylians 8 / Emlong's Whale 9 / Paws into Flippers 10 / Sea Cows and Oyster Bears 11 / The Long, Warm Summer 12 / Emptying Bays 13 / Punctuated Pinnipeds and Darwinian Sirenians 14 / Advent of Autumn 15 / Ice Age Invasions 16 / Hands into Paddles 17 / Pileated Woodpecker's Boat 18 / The End of the Earth 19 / An Industrial Interlude 20 / Intimations of Communication Epilogue. The Old Man of the Sea Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDrawing from the author's experience as a practicing astrophysicist and from the writings of the scholars of religion, philosophy, and mythology, this title locates the connective tissue linking science and religion - their commonality as sacred pursuits - and finds their shared aspiration in pursuit of 'the True and the Real'.Trade Review"An elegant reimagining of the relationship between science and spirituality... Challenges the assumption that science and religion are implacable foes." Chronicle Of Higher Education "The most striking aspect ... is the passion that Adam Frank displays in writing about his experience as a scientist." Times Higher Education "Frank's book is most interesting; it is an easy read." -- John W. Burgeson Perspectives On Science And Christian Faith: Journal Of The American Scientific Affiliation Light years beyond the stale standoff between uninspired scientific materialism and unscientific intelligent design. " (STARRED REVIEW) Publishers WeeklyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Prologue: House of the Rising Sun PART I. THE MAP: REIMAGINING SCIENCE, MYTH, AND THE SACRED Chapter 1. The Roots of Conflict: Science and Religion before Divorce Chapter 2. The Conflict We Know: Religion, Science, and the Modern World Chapter 3. Science and the Sacred: Telescopes, Microscopes, and Hierophanies Chapter 4. Not the God You Pray To: The Varieties of Scientists' Religious Experience Chapter 5. Science, Myth, and Sacred Narratives: The Universe as Story PART II. THE TERRAIN: SACRED NARRATIVES IN SCIENCE AND MYTH Chapter 6. The Origin of Everything: Big Bangs, the Multiverse, and the Parade of Ants Chapter 7. The Deluge This Time: Climate Change and Flood Myths PART III. A NEW PATH TO THE WATERFALL: SCIENCE, MYTH, TRUTH, AND THE FUTURE Chapter 8. Music of the Spheres: Truth, Myth, and Science Chapter 9. A Need Born of Fire: Mythos, Ethos, and Humanity's Most Dangerous Century Epilogue: Fire in the Open Mind Notes

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe world's first mountain-top observatory and America's first big-science research center, Lick Observatory exemplifies astronomy's dramatic development in the past century. This book presents Lick Observatory from the point of view of the people who breathed life into its giant telescopes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMercury pollution and contamination are widespread and continue to pose a public health concern. This title follows the process of mercury cycling through the atmosphere, through terrestrial and aquatic food webs, and through human populations to develop a comprehensive perspective on this important environmental problem.Trade Review"As accessible as Life magazine ... rich, well written." Intl Journal Of Environmental Stds "An in-depth look at the public health issues involving mercury." Harvard Gazette "Michael Bank's book provides a welcome update to the state of the art on mercury pollution... Quite useful." Environment And Ecology "Thorough, scholarly, and engaged... The volume is logically organized, wide-ranging, critical, and a substantial achievement... Highly recommended." -- T. R. Blackburn, formerly, American Chemical Society Choice

Read more less

Book SynopsisHandbook of Citizen Science in Ecology and Conservation is the first practical and comprehensive manual for creating, implementing, or improving natural science research and monitoring projects that involve collaboration between scientists and the general public. As citizen science projects become increasingly common, project leaders are seeking information on concrete best practices for planning and implementing projectspractices that allow them to guide and gauge success while also ensuring the collection of high-quality data and rewarding experiences for volunteers. In this handbook, citizen science practitioners from around the world and with decades of experience provide step-by-step instructions, insights, and advice, and they explore real-world applications through case studies from a variety of citizen science projects. This is the definitive reference guide for anyone interested in starting or improving a citizen science project with ecological or conservation applications, from professors and graduate students to agency staff and nongovernmental organizations. Trade Review"This is not a volume about specific ecological research methods, but rather about the strengths and challenges inherent to launching a project that incorporates data contributions of nonspecialists. It is useful as a guide and handbook, and I highly recommend it for practical use." * Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of ContentsList of Contributors Foreword Reed F. Noss Preface Introduction Christopher A. Lepczyk, Owen D. Boyle, and Timothy L. V. Vargo PART I Background 1 What Is Citizen Science? Jennifer L. Shirk and Rick Bonney 2 The History of Citizen Science in Ecology and Conservation Abraham J. Miller-Rushing, Richard B. Primack, Rick Bonney, and Emma Albee 3 Current Approaches to Citizen Science Finn Danielsen, Teis Adrian, Per Moestrup Jensen, Jesus Muñoz, Jennifer L. Shirk, and Neil D. Burgess PART II Planning and Implementation of Citizen Science Projects 4 Project Planning and Design John C. Tweddle, Helen E. Roy, Lucy D. Robinson, and Michael J. O. Pocock 5 Legal, Ethical, and Policy Considerations Anne Bowser, Andrea Wiggins, and Elizabeth Tyson 6 Recruitment and Building the Team Michelle D. Prysby 7 Retaining Citizen Scientists Rachel Goad, Susanne Masi, and Pati Vitt 8 Training 99 Heidi L. Ballard and Emily M. Harris 9 Collecting High-Quality Data Alycia W. Crall, David Mellor, Steven Gray, and Gregory Newman 10 Data Management and Visualization Gregory Newman, Sarah Newman, Russell Scarpino, Nicole Kaplan, Alycia W. Crall, and Stacy Lynn 11 Reporting Citizen Science Findings Eva J. Lewandowski and Karen Oberhauser 12 Program Evaluation Rebecca Jordan, Amanda Sorensen, and Steven Gray 13 How Participation in Citizen Science Projects Impacts Individuals Rebecca Christoffel PART III Citizen Science in Practice 14 From Tiny Acorns Grow Mighty Oaks: What We Have Learned from Nurturing Nature’s Notebook Theresa M. Crimmins, LoriAnne Barnett, Ellen G. Denny, Alyssa H. Rosemartin, Sara N. Schaffer, and Jake F. Weltzin 15 Citizen Science at the Urban Ecology Center: A Neighborhood Collaboration Jennifer Callaghan, Beth Fetterley Heller, Anne Reis-Boyle, Jessica L. Orlando, and Timothy L. V. Vargo 16 Driven to Discover: A Case Study of Citizen Science as a Springboard to Science Learning Andrea Lorek Strauss, Karen Oberhauser, Nathan J. Meyer, and Pamela Larson Nippolt 17 Challenges of Forest Citizen Involvement in Biodiversity Monitoring in Protected Areas of Brazilian Amazonia Pedro de Araujo Lima Constantino 18 Documenting the Changing Louisiana Wetlands through Community-Driven Citizen Science Shannon Dosemagen and Scott Eustis 19 Reef Check California: Scuba-Diving Citizen Scientists Monitor Rocky Reef Ecosystems Jan Freiwald and Andrew Beahrs References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTo newly minted biologist James Estes, the sea otters he was studying in the leafy kelp forests off the coast of Alaska appeared to have an unbalanced relationship with their greater environment. But as Estes dug deeper, he discovered that otters play a critical role in driving positive ecosystem dynamics. This book tells his story.Trade Review"Many of the findings in the book ... are classics of ecology... A rare and delightful insight into timely science." -- Jane Lubchenco Nature "Estes's refreshing narrative deftly weaves rigorous science with personal reflection to create an absorbing and introspective read that is equal parts memoir, ecological textbook, and motivational guidebook for young ecologists." Science "This top-down picture - with predators influencing the health of plants - is depicted in enthralling detail." The Guardian "Noteworthy... Summing up: Recommended." CHOICETable of ContentsContents Foreword Maps 1 • In the Beginning 2 • Understanding Nature 3 • Th e Aleutian Archipelago 4 • Sea Otters and Kelp Forests 5 • A Toe in the Arctic Ocean 6 • Return to Attu 7 • Generality and Variation 8 • A Serpentine Food Web 9 • Sea Otters and the Red Queen: Plant–Herbivore Coevolution 10 • Sea Otters and Killer Whales 11 • Megafaunal Collapse 12 • Whale Wars 13 • Foxes and Seabirds 14 • A Global Perspective 15 • Retrospection 16 • Looking to the Future Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDelves into the poetry of field biology, showing how nature eases our existential quandaries. This book is about the wonder of snakes, the beauty of studying and understanding natural history, and the importance of sharing the love of nature with humanity.Trade Review"Achingly beautiful... Greene succeeds in illuminating the world as a place of beauty, harmony, and danger, deeply interconnected and worthy of cherishing and preserving." Starred Review. Publishers Weekly "This scientist has a poet's heart... Tracks and Shadows is a sweet surprise; rarely has science been so tender." Booklist "As beautiful and nuanced as the landscapes it evokes." The Scientist "What a pleasure it is to read these meditations on a 'personal quest for wildness.' ... What makes this book so rich is [the author's] gift with language along with his thoughtful appreciation of what it means to study nature and to travel, if ever so briefly, on a living planet." -- Laurence A. Marschall Natural History "As packed with people and drama as a novel." -- Stuart Pimm Nature "Greene engages readers from beginning to end... The book leaves us with questions to ponder but also with inspiration to indulge our curiosity for nature." -- Frances Bonier Science "Fiercely honest and fascinating." -- Jules Pretty Times Higher Education "Greene has created a rare bridge between [artists and scientists] and told us what it feels like to be a deeply sensitive research scientist, working in a world where the ecosystems are falling to bits around us." -- Rick Shine Current Biology "[Reminds] us that appreciation of the natural world is important to us as individuals and collectively." -- Hollis Walker Santa Fe New Mexican "No one reading this paean for a respect of the outdoors and its inhabitants could fail to be enthused." International Journal of Environmental Studies "Harry Greene's exuberance for life infuses this scien- tific autobiography, which overflows with his passion for herpetology, the wild places that his beloved reptiles inhabit, and very human friendships." Conservation Biology "Many will be surprised at some of the events re-lived in these pages...Tracks and Shadows reiterates the impacts of pain and renewal that characterize a life's journey." -- Bill Branch Herpetological Review "It speaks more to the conservation ethic than anything since Aldo Leopold's Sand Country Almanac. In fact, Tracks and Shadows may well be the best conservation love poem ever written." -- Peter Kareiva Science Chronicles "With affable humor and abiding curiosity, Greene takes us on collecting trips, wisely explains the latest theories, and asks how we can not only co-exist with wild animals but appreciate them as neighbors. Part memoir, part classroom, part adventure, Tracks and Shadows takes us from detailed looks at the habits of reptiles to enticing discussions of predator and prey, nature and loss, science and discovery...this is a rousing and satisfying tribute to wild things." -- Bill Broyles Southwest Books of the Year 2013Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments PART ONE: DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION 1. Tracks and Shadows 2. Naturalist 3. Nerd 4. Field Biologist 5. Medic PART TWO: CONVERSING WITH SERPENTS 6. Graduate School 7. Hot Dry Places 8. Hot Wet Places 9. Giant Serpents 10. Venomous Serpents PART THREE: PRETTY IN SUNLIGHT 11. Friends 12. Loose Ends 13. Born-Again Predator 14. Field Biology as Art Notes Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisProvides an overview of floodplains and their management in temperate regions. This book includes decades of research on floodplain ecosystems, explaining hydrologic, geomorphic, and ecological processes and how these processes can provide a range of benefits to society under appropriate management.Trade Review"This work is a thorough exploration of floodplains that should interest scientists and managers alike." * CHOICE *Table of ContentsAuthors Acknowledgments 1 • INTRODUCTION TO TEMPERATE FLOODPLAINS 2 • HYDROLOGY 3 • GEOMORPHOLOGY 4 • BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 5 • ECOLOGY: INTRODUCTION 6 • FLOODPLAIN FORESTS 7 • PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PRODUCTION 8 • FISHES AND OTHER VERTEBRATES 9 • ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND FLOODPLAIN RECONCILIATION 10 • FLOODPLAINS AS GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE 11 • CASE STUDIES OF FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT AND RECONCILIATION 12 • CENTRAL VALLEY FLOODPLAINS: INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 13 • CENTRAL VALLEY FLOODPLAINS TODAY 14 • RECONCILING CENTRAL VALLEY FLOODPLAINS 15 • CONCLUSIONS: MANAGING TEMPERATE FLOODPLAINS FOR MULTIPLE BENEFITS References Geospatial Data Sources Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents the work and research of the Rivers of the Anthropocene Network, an international collaborative group of scientists, social scientists, humanists, artists, policy makers, and community organizers working to produce innovative transdisciplinary research on global freshwater systems.Trade Review"This book would be a stimulating choice for a graduate seminar bringing in students and fac- ulty from all across the university to discuss the multiple ways in which we see and value rivers (or other ecosystems, for that matter), and how we might best recognize those multiple viewpoints." * Basic and Applied Ecology *Table of ContentsList of Figures Foreword Preface Acknowledgments 1. Anthropocenes: A Fractured Picture Jason M. Kelly PART ONE. METHODS 2. Ecosystem Service-Based Approaches for Status Assessment of Anthropocene Riverscapes Andy Large, David Gilvear, and Eleanor Starkey 3. Political Ecology in the Anthropocene: A Case Study of Irrigation Management in the Blue Nile Basin Sina Marx 4. Rivers at the End of the End of Nature: Ethical Trajectories of the Anthropocene Grand Narrative Celia Deane-Drummond 5. Rivers, Scholars, and Society: A Situation Analysis Kenneth S. Lubinski and Martin Thoms PART TWO. HISTORIES 6. An Anthropocene Landscape: Drainage Transformed in the English Fenland Jan Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams, and Dinah Smith 7. A Western European River in the Anthropocene: The Seine, 1870–2010 Michel Meybeck and Laurence Lestel 8. Anthropocene World / Anthropocene Waters: A Historical Examination of Ideas and Agency Philip V. Scarpino PART THREE. EXPERIENCES 9. The Great Tyne Flood of 1771: Community Responses to an Environmental Crisis in the Early Anthropocene Helen Berry 10. Engineering an Island City-State: A 3D Ethnographic Comparison of the Singapore River and Orchard Road Stephanie C. Kane 11. Decoding the River: Artists and Scientists Reveal the Water System of the White River Mary Miss and Tim Carter 12. What Is a River? The Chicago River as Hyperobject Matt Edgeworth and Jeffrey Benjamin Bibliography Contributors Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the Sustainability Science Award 2020, Ecological Society of America Winner of the PROSE Award (Biological Sciences category) 2020, Association of American PublishersThere is a growing crisis in our oceans: mysterious outbreaks of infectious disease are on the rise. Marine epidemics can cause mass die-offs of wildlife from the bottom to the top of food chains, impacting the health of ocean ecosystems as well as lives on land. Portending global environmental disaster, ocean outbreaks are fueled by warming seas, sewage dumping, unregulated aquaculture, and drifting plastic. Ocean Outbreak follows renowned scientist Drew Harvell and her colleagues into the field as they investigate how four iconic marine animalscorals, abalone, salmon, and starfishhave been devastated by disease. Based on over twenty years of research, this firsthand account of the sometimes gradual, sometimes exploding impact of disease on our ocean's biodiversity ends with solutions and a call to action. OnlTrade Review"Harvell gives readers an inside look at the diseases that are on the rise beneath the waves. . . . in a detailed, engaging narrative." * Smithsonian *"Despite the daunting challenge that marine diseases present, Harvell's book manages to inspire both pragmatism and optimism, which likely stems from the immense number of people working alongside Harvell to better understand these issues." * Forbes Online *"Coral bleaching has become something of an everyday apocalypse. Researched, documented and foretold, it is a biotic meltdown to which we have become all too accustomed. But the seas hold other more insidious disasters, as much our fault as the heating of the oceans. They tend, though, to be less covered by the media, which is why Ocean Outbreak is such an important book. . . .[Harvell] does a first-rate job of inspiring readers, and of providing the right kind of proselytising to turn marine epidemiology into a go-to career for a new and concerned generation." * New Scientist *"Harvell vividly recounts her work at the front line, studying die-offs such as the past decade’s catastrophic starfish crash. . . . a succinct summation of two decades of research." * Nature *"A sobering account of what is happening to our seas. . . .This book is a must-read for all who care about the future of our oceans." * Times Higher Education *“The book is written in a way that science-interested members of the public, and policymakers, will find useful—but students and researchers in marine science, yearning to understand more about marine disease outbreaks, will gain just as much. Harvell beautifully articulates the urgent need for scientists and non-scientists alike to do more to understand and protect the ocean.” * Oceanography *"Harvell skillfully navigates through various outbreaks, breaking down what’s happening as well as root causes. And she provides ample hope: oftentimes, by addressing human health issues, we can also help marine creatures." * Cool Green Science/The Nature Conservancy *"An engaging, eye-opening report on the diseases affecting the health of the ocean . . . Harvell writes from a scientist’s perspective, yet her style is down to earth and her prose is accessible. As such, she achieves her essential objective of making the public “more aware of the seriousness of the threats that ocean pathogens pose to our food supplies, economies, livelihoods, and health.” * Foreword Reviews *"This well-written narrative can benefit a wide range of audiences. It provides insights not only into marine diseases but also into the constraints and practices of scientists responding to environmental threats." * CHOICE *"This book is written with the intent to encourage development of policies to prevent and limit the spread of future outbreaks by not only educating policymakers, but engaging a broader audience. Harvell makes a plea for action, citing the need for surveillance of farmed species like salmon, shrimp, oysters, and abalone, where disease outbreaks also pose threats for wild populations." * Fisheries *"Harvell is a skilled science writer and covers the topics with sufficient depth to keep disease aficionados on their toes, marveling at the complexity of diseases in the ocean. . . .The narrative is beautifully written and designed to even be consumed by people who know nothing about infectious [marine] diseases or, worse yet, might fear words like “microbe” or “pathogen” the way a 6th grade math phobe would look at his/her first quadratic equation." * SeaDoc Society Blog *"We’ve all heard the oceans are sick, but this book helps explain why through recent histories of four iconic marine animals” * Society of Environmental Journalists Blog *"Harvell is a writer with a style that is as captivating as it is informative." * Well-Read Naturalist *"This personal account makes for a lively read, filled with both humorous and harrowing stories from field research. . . . well written and appropriate for a range of readers interested in how global change affects ocean ecosystems and the interconnectedness of ocean organisms." * Quarterly Review of Biology *

Read more less

Book SynopsisOver the past 100years,visitorlearningat America's national parks hasgrown and evolved. Today, there are over 400 National Park Service (NPS) sites, representingover eightymillion acres. Sites exist in every USstate and territory and are located on land, at sea, in remote areas, and in major urban centers. Every year, more than 300 million people visit national parks, and several million of them are children engaged in one of many educational programs hosted by the NPS. America's Largest Classrooms offers insight and practical advice for improving educational outreach at national parksas well as suggestions for classroom educators on how to meaningfully incorporate parks into their curricula. Viaa wide collectionof case studiesranging from addressing inclusivity at parks and public lands to teaching about science and social issuesthis book illustrates innovations and solutions thatwill be of interest to nature interpreters, outdoor educators, and policy makers, as well as professors Table of ContentsList of Contributors Foreword. National Parks: “America’s Best” Outdoor Classrooms Milton Chen Preface Acknowledgments SECTION I. THE LONG VIEW OF LEARNING IN THE PARKS 1 Dynamic Learning Landscapes: The Evolution of Education in Our National Parks Julia Washburn 2 Commentary: Perspectives on Heritage Leadership Theresa Coble 3 Invoking the Spirit of History on the Journey through Hallowed Ground James A. Percoco 4 Two Different Ways of Knowing the Glacier Area Donal Carbaugh SECTION II. FEEDBACK LOOPS: SYSTEMS AND SCIENCE LEARNING 5 Learning about Climate Change in Our National Parks Shawn Davis and Jessica L. Thompson 6 Place-Based Education at Teton Science Schools: Inspiring Curiosity, Engagement, and Leadership in National Parks and Beyond Kevin Krasnow, Nate McClennen, Amanda Kern, Patrick Leary, and Greg Peck 7 Three-Dimensional Learning: “Upping the Game” in Citizen Science Projects Ana K. Houseal 8 Mentoring Mountain Raingers: Beyond Basic Hydrological Field Research in the Great Smoky Mountains Douglas K. Miller SECTION III. HEALTH AND SELF: EMPOWERING LEARNING IN PARKS 9 Learning Environmental Psychology in the National Parks Donna K. McMillan 10 Can Signage Influence Healthy Behavior? The Case of Catoctin Mountain National Park Mallika Bose, Lara Nagle, Jacob Benfield, Heather Costigan, Jeremy Wimpey, and B. Derrick Taff 11 Learning Historic Places with Diverse Populations: An Exploratory Study of Student Perceptions Jenice L. View and Andrea Guiden 12 “I Felt Like a Scientist!”: Accessing America’s National Parks on Every Campus Natalie Bursztyn, Richard Goode, and Colleen McDonough SECTION IV. PARTNERING FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF LEARNERS 13 Place-Based Learning Fosters Engagement and Opportunities for Innovative Partnerships Susan Newton 14 A Partnership Model of Education at Cuyahoga Valley National Park Deb Yandala, Katie Wright, and Jesús Sánchez 15 Pura Vida Inspires Diversity and Engagement at Grand Teton National Park Teddi (Hofmann) Freedman 16 What Really “Matters” at Stephen T. Mather Building Arts and Craftsmanship High School Deborah Shanley and Lois Adams-Rodgers 17 Learning Historic Places with Diverse Populations: Making the Case for Teacher-Ranger Professional Development Jenice L. View and Paula Cristina Azevedo SECTION V. STRATEGIC INTENTION FOR PARK LEARNING AND PRACTICE 18 Lessons Learned from Museums: Family Learning in National Parks Colleen Bourque and Ana K. Houseal 19 Identifying Outcomes for Environmental Education at National Parks Robert B. Powell, Marc J. Stern, and B. Troy Frensley 20 Valuing Education and Learning in the National Parks Tim Marlowe, Linda J. Bilmes, and John Loomis 21 Commentary: National Parks as Places for Free-Choice Learning Martin Storksdieck and John Falk Afterword Jonathan B. Jarvis Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1986.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1965.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMany philosophers, theologians, physicists and mathematicians have speculated on the nature of time. Recent scientific work is said to explain why time runs forward from past to future. But time still contains many mysteries - black holes, big bangs, asymmetries and relativities, arrows and loops.Table of ContentsThe Contributors vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Time 'Paradoxes' in Relativity 6 3 Space, Time and Space--Time: A Philosopher's View 22 4 Big Bangs, Black Holes and 'Time's Arrow' 36 5 Time and Cosmology 63 6 Time and Dispersal: The Second Law 80 7 Time Asymmetry and Quantum Mechanics 99 8 The Open Future 125 9 Causal Loops 135 Glossary 170 Bibliography 180 Index 183

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn encyclopaedic treatment of plant diseases in Europe, this book is designed as a standard reference volume for the general working plant pathologist and those taking advanced training in plant pathology.Table of ContentsViruses I: General: Major virus groups. Viruses II: Minor virus groups and virus complexes. Viruses III: Ungrouped viruses and virus complexes. Viruses IV: Diseases assumed to be due to viruses. Mollicutes and rickettsia-like organisms. Bacteria I: Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. Bacteria II: Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Erwinia and other bacteria. Oomycetes. Chytridiomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Zygomycetes. Ascomycetes I: General: Endomycetales, Taphrinales, Eurotiales, Erysiphales. Ascomycetes II: Clavicipitales, Hypocreales. Ascomycetes III: Ophiostomatales, Diaporthales, Polystigmatales, Sphaeriales, Diatrypales, Coryneliales. Ascomycetes IV: Dothideales. Ascomycetes V: Rhytismatales, Caliciales, Pezizales, Caliciales. Helotiales. Basidiomycetes I: Ustilaginales. Basidiomycetes II: Uredinales. Basidiomycetes III: Hymenomycetes. Pathogen index. Host index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis advanced undergraduate textbook examines major aspects of fungal physiology in relation to fungal behaviour in natural habitats and, in so doing, provides a firm link between the divergent disciplines of fungal physiology and fungal ecology.Table of ContentsConcepts; Evolution, Ecology and Physiology; Growth and Development; Resource acquisition and utilization; Growth dynamics and transformations; Constraints, limitations and extreme environments; Reproduction and Establishment; Induction and control of reproduction; Propagules: factors affecting survival; Dormancy and activation; Germination; Orientation; Interactions with other Heterotrophs; Microorganisms; Macroscopic animals; Animals as habitats

Read more less

Book SynopsisConsiders the rapid microbiological techniques, which are being increasingly used in industry as alternatives to more conventional methods. In this volume, leading experts from research and industry review the wide variety of approaches that are needed in an industrial setting.Table of ContentsThe use of ATP bioluminescence for the analysis of beer in polyethylene terphthalate (PET) bottles and associated plant; Rapid assessment of the bacterial content of milk by bioluminscent techniques; DEFT: recent developments for food and beverages; The rapid estimation of bacterial counts on meat and poultry by the direct epifluorescent filter technique; Medical and pharmaceutical applications of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT); The use of image analysis for MIC determination and bioassay; Optimization of automated electrometric methods; Conductance techniques for the detection of contaminants in beer; Electrical methods for water quality testing; A conductance screen for enterobacteriaceae in foods; Electrical screening of powdered dairy products; An inter-laboratory evaluation of an electrometric method for detection of salmonellas in milk products

Read more less

Book SynopsisHuman illness attributed to foodborne pathogenic microorganisms has been prominent in the mass media in recent years. The Practical Food Microbiology Series has been devised to give practical and accurate information about specific organisms of concern to public health. The information is designed for use by those in the food industry working in manufacturing, retailing and quality assurance, those in associated professional sectors e.g. public health, and students in each of these areas. The series is unique in its practical approach as it draws on real life situations to highlight practical means for controlling the organism in foods. Salmonella species are arguably the most commonly reported food associated human pathogens in the developed world. They are zoonotic agents and many different animal reservoirs are known. They can be found widely in the environment and may also establish in food processing environments. Over 2000 serotypes of Salmonella have been identified toTable of ContentsForeword. 1. Background. 2. Outbreaks: Causes and Lessons to Be Learnt. 3. Factors Affecting Growth and Survival of Salmonella. 4. Industry Focus: Control of Salmonella. 5. Industry Action and Reaction. 6. Test Methods. 7. The Future. Glossary of Terms. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Practical Food Microbiology Series gives practical and accurate information about specific organisms of concern to public health. The information is designed for use by those in the food industry working in manufacturing, retailing and quality assurance, those in associated professional sectors e.g. public health, and students in each of these areas. Clostridium botulinum produces a toxin which causes the severe, often fatal illness, botulism. It is a potential hazard associated with a wide range of both ambient stable and chilled foods. Foodborne botulism still occurs all around the world. As new outbreaks are reported implicating yet more food types and food processes, so the food industry needs to regularly review processes and product characteristics to assure safety.Trade Review"Clostridium botulinum, the third in Blackwell Science's Practical Food Microbiology series (successor to Listeria and E. coli) is another triumph of concise, interesting and informative information" (International Food Safety News)Table of ContentsForeword. 1 Background. 2 Outbreaks: causes and lessons to be learnt. 3 Factors affecting growth and survival of Clostridium botulinum. 4 Industry focus: control of Clostridium botulinum. 5 Industry action and reaction. 6 Test methods. 7 The future. Glossary of terms. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis very basic textbook aims to provide nursing students with the essential bioscience they will need to complete their Common Foundation Programme. The book will explore the relevant basic scientific principles, apply these principles to clinical situations and then ask review questions.Table of ContentsPreface; Introduction; Chapter One: Atoms; Chapter Two: Water and electrolyte balance; Chapter Three: Acids and bases; Chapter Four: Biomolecules; Chapter Five: Cells; Chapter Six: Genetics; Chapter Seven: Microorganisms; Chapter Eight: Immunology; Chapter Nine: Fluids, liquids and gases; Chapter Ten: Nutrition and metabolism; Chapter Eleven: Energy - Electromagnetic radiation; Chapter Twelve: Temperature and Heat; Chapter Thirteen: Forces and mechanics; Chapter Fourteen: Electricity; Periodic table of the elements; Glossary; Answers; Index

Read more less

Book Synopsisaeo highly topical subject aeo author well known internationally for his writing and research in food microbiology aeo vital information for the food industry worldwide concerning what is an acceptable microbiological risk in food safety issues.Trade Review"This book should serve as background reading for those interested in the field of microbial risk assessment" Pradeep Malakar, Microbiology Today, 2003.Table of ContentsFoodborne Microbial Pathogens in World Trade: Foodborne microbial pathogens; Chronic sequelae following foodborne illness; Emergence and re-emergence of foodborne pathogens and toxins; Changes in host susceptibility and exposure; Processing methods and globalisation of the food industry; Changes in consumption pattern; Immunological status; Malnutrition; Changing perceptions and values; Risk of food poisoning; The cost of foodborne diseases; International control of microbiological hazards in foods; Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement; Origin of microbiological risk assessment. Food Safety, Control and HACCP: Outline of HACCP; Food hazards; Pre-HACCP Principles; Principle 1 Hazard Analysis; Principle 2 Critical Control Points; Principle 3 Critical Limits; Principle 4 CCP Monitoring; Principle 5 Corrective Actions; Principle 6 Verification; Principle 7 Record-keeping; Control at source; Product design and process control; Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting microbial growth; Irradiation; High Pressure Technology; Temperature control of microbiological hazards; Microbial response to stress; Response to pH stress; Heat- and cold shock response; Response to osmotic shock; Response to high hydrostatic pressure; Predictive modelling ; Primary models and the Gompertz and Baranyi equations; Secondary models; Tertiary models ; Microbiological Criteria; Attributes sampling plan; Operating characterisitic curve. Risk Analysis: Overview of Microbiological Risk Assessment; Risk Assessment; Risk Management; Risk Communication; Risk Assessment; Statement of purpose; Hazard Identification; Exposure Assessment; Hazard Characterization; Preface; Dose-response assessment; Dose-response models; Dose and infection; Risk Characterization; Production of a formal report; Triangular distributions and Monte Carlo simulation; Risk Management; Risk assessment policy; Risk Profiling; Food Safety Objectives; Risk Communication. Application of Microbiological Risk Assessment: Salmonella spp.; S. Enteritidis in shell eggs and egg products; Hazard identification and hazard characterization of Salmonella in broilers and eggs; Exposure assessment of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs; Exposure assessment of Salmonella spp. in broilers; Salmonella spp. in cooked chicken; Salmonella spp. in cooked patty; Poultry FARM; Domestic and sporadic human salmonellosis; Campylobacter jejuni/coli; jejuni risk from fresh chicken; Risk profile for pathogenic species of Campylobacter in Denmark; Risk assessment of C. jejuni in broilers; Campylobacter fluoroquinolone resistance; Listeria monocytogenes; L. monocytogenes hazard identification and hazard characterization in ready-to-eat foods; L. monocytogenes exposure assessment in ready-to-eat foods; Relative risk of L. monocytogenes in selected ready-to-eat foods; L. monocytogenes in EU trade; L. monocytogenes in meat balls; Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC); E. coli O157:H7; E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef; Bacillus cereus; cereus risk assessment ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Public health impact of V. parahaemolyticus in raw molluscan shellfish; Mycotoxins; Aflatoxins; Ochratoxins; Other mycotoxins; Rotaviruses; Viral contamination of shellfish and coastal waters. Future Developments in Microbiological Risk Assessment: International methodology and guidelines; Data; Training courses and use of resources; Microbiological risk assessment support system; Glossary of terms used in risk analysis; References; Internet directory; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisA guide to the strange and often illogical world of neural function, this book shows how the brain is not an optimized, general-purpose problem-solving machine, but rather a weird agglomeration of ad-hoc solutions that have been piled on through millions of years of evolutionary history.Trade ReviewThis is a terrific book that accomplishes its aim of presenting a biological view of how the brain works, and does so in a charming, fetching style. -- Joshua R. Sanes, Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityThis is the first scientific book I've read with "attitude." David Linden is something of a Howard Stern shock jock and there's a lot of heavy breathing in this overview of brain function and the linkage between psychological and brain processes. Linden is clearly a thoughtful scientist and this comes through in his excellent choice of facts and theories to present. This is a very intelligent book. -- John Lisman, Professor of Biology, Brandeis University[A] lively mix of solid science and fascinating case histories... The book's greatest strength is Linden's knack for demystifying biology and neuroscience with vivid similes (he calls the brain, weighing two percent of total body weight and using 20 percent of its energy, the Hummer H2 of the body). Though packed with textbook-ready data, the book grips readers like a masterful teacher; those with little science experience may be surprised to find themselves interested in--and even chuckling over--the migration of neurons along radial glia, and anxious to find out what happens next. * Publishers Weekly (starred review) *More than another salvo in the battle over whether biological structures are the products of supernatural design or biological evolution (though Linden has no doubt it's the latter), research on our brain's primitive foundation is cracking such puzzles as why we cannot tickle ourselves, why we are driven to spin narratives even in our dreams and why reptilian traits persist in our gray matter. -- Sharon Begley * Newsweek *Linden tells his story well, in an engaging style, with plenty of erudition and a refreshing honesty about how much remains unknown. The book should easily hold the attention of readers with little background in biology and no prior knowledge of brains. It would make an excellent present for curious non-scientists and a good book for undergraduates who are just entering into the brain's magic menagerie. Even readers trained in neuroscience are likely to enjoy the many tidbits of rarely taught information--on love, sex, gender, sleep and dreams--that spice up Linden's main argument. The Accidental Mind stands out for being highly readable and clearly educational. No doubt, the human brain evolved along a constrained path and is, in some respects, designed imperfectly. Linden will send that message home...We still know too little about the brain's inner workings to judge how well it does its job. What we do know, and what The Accidental Mind helps us to realize, is that the human brain is not designed as many have imagined. -- Georg Striedter * Nature *The majority of this book is an enjoyable neurosciences primer for the general reader. Evolutionary and psychological perspectives provide occasional insights about the mind, but mostly the subject here is the organ capable of conjuring it into existence. Linden makes clear that the physical substrate of our mental phenomena--the squidgy and haphazard mass of our brain--is a gloriously evolved muddle. -- Druin Burch * Times Literary Supplement *Many popular neuroscience books emphasize the brain's complexity using terms of purpose: this region is for emotion, that one for vision, and so forth, each interacting in a perfectly designed whole. This ambitious, engaging, and often irreverent book by Linden adopts a quite different perspective, instead emphasizing the evolutionary origins of the human brain...The book...end[s] with a well-argued discussion of the tension between neuroscience and intelligent design. The emphasis on evolution is laudable...making this book an important counterpoint to breathless paeans to brain design. -- S. A. Huettel * Choice *For anyone interested in a skillfully guided tour through the world of neural function, The Accidental Mind is a playful yet academically informed work that addresses issues as diverse as intelligent design, the fallibility of the senses, the human religious impulse, and the possible heritability of sexual orientation. Without overwhelming the reader with the biochemical underpinnings of neural function, Linden explores the role that neural design (structure and function) has in the explication of various human behaviors. -- Charles J. Alt * History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *Linden provides an accessible and up to date guide through this maze [that is the brain]. -- Steven Rose * The Guardian *Table of ContentsPrologue: Brain Explained 1. The Inelegant Design of the Brain 2. Building a Brain with Yesterday's Parts 3. Some Assembly Required 4. Sensation and Emotion 5. Learning, Memory, and Human Individuality 6. Love and Sex 7. Sleeping and Dreaming 8. The Religious Impulse 9. The Unintelligent Design of the Brain Epilogue: That Middle Thing Further Reading and Resources Acknowledgments Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisGregory Light and Marina Micari reject the view that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics are elite disciplines restricted to a small number with innate talent. Rich in concrete advice, Making Scientists offers a new paradigm of how scientific subjects can be taught at the college level.Trade ReviewLight and Micari lucidly explain how to teach science in a meaningful way. They do so by highlighting six important, and readily implemented, principles of learning. A must-read for anyone involved in science education! -- Eric Mazur, Harvard UniversityA major contribution to our understanding of deep versus surface learning. This study of the Gateway Science Workshop Program at Northwestern helps us see how effective it is to engage students in doing science, from the beginning, and offers an innovative way to do it. -- Ken Bain, author of What the Best College Students DoMany university leaders talk about helping a diverse group of students succeed in science--this project actually does it. Most scholars agree it is critical to evaluate teaching innovations--this project does it with rigor. Most university leaders try to make successful innovations part of campus life--this book describes how Northwestern succeeds. Other campuses can learn much from the practical and inspiring lessons in this important book. -- Richard Light, author of Making the Most of CollegeThis book is a great addition to the literature on peer-led workshops in undergraduate STEM education. It shows how to design learning environments that harness the power of peer mentoring to produce integrated learning and use peer facilitated group work to transform undergraduate students into scientists. -- Pratibha Varma-Nelson, Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisThis insightful work argues for reform of collegiate science teaching methods in clear, well-reasoned points. Light and Micari, director and associate director, respectively, of Northwestern University's Searle Center for Teaching Excellence, share the history, motivation, and successes of their Gateway Science Workshop (GSW) and Science Research Workshop (SRW) approach to teaching undergraduate science courses. The goal of GSW and SRW is to make all students 'feel that in some limited sense they are scientists,' not just cramming for exams. Their method relies on leaving behind the lecture-style teaching methods that have been leaving students behind--especially those already underrepresented in the sciences--years, and instead bringing students together in mentored, small groups to solve meaningful problems. The authors see their approach as a way to move beyond learning as a 'reproducing experience and seeing it as a transforming experience.' The authors explain how to set up programs similar to those at Northwestern and outline the overall approach, as well as suggest details such as the ideal group size and how to train mentors. The authors are well equipped to dispute any potential naysayers with simple ideas that teaching faculty can put into use right away with little or no strain on budget or planning time, and most chapters wrap up with useful 'Suggestions for Practice.' * Publishers Weekly *Light and Micari offer an excellent guide to 'making scientists.' -- Averil Macdonald * Times Higher Education *

Read more less

Book SynopsisAward-winning science writer Goldsmith clearly lays out what we currently know about the universe as a whole. Richly illustrated with photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, this book puts the biggest subject of all—the story of the universe as scientists understand it—within the grasp of English-speaking earthlings.Trade ReviewIt is not until you are well into the middle of the book, enthralled by galaxies and looking forward to the mystery of the missing mass, that you realize that you have been absorbed and that everybody else has gone to bed. Here is a first-class work, one of the best accounts of the successes of intellectual curiosity and observation about the universe and of how much more there is to find out. Exciting stuff. -- Roy Herbert * New Scientist *Donald Goldsmith is one of the world's great astronomy writers, and he shows why in his new book...The cosmological constant skewed Einstein's equations and prevented him from foreseeing one of the grandest discoveries ever: The cosmos is expanding. Goldsmith discusses this and many other cosmological topics in his typically wry style. -- Keay Davidson * San Francisco Examiner *[Goldsmith's] first eight chapters, which are enough to make the book worthwhile, trace the development of astronomy from Copernicus to its modern form. The lucid text holds the readers' hand through four centuries of astronomy...Then Goldsmith delves into current conundrums in cosmology...Fascinating...Because of its lively account of the history and physics of astronomy, the book will stand as an engaging account of what astronomers do and how the universe works--as far as we know. -- Katherine M. Reynolds * Boston Book Review *For those seeking to know more about what scientists today think about the universe and why they think it, this well-illustrated book is an excellent place to start. -- Robert W. Smith * Air & Space *A witty and succinct work on the problems of modern cosmology...In a rapidly changing field, this book captures the excitement and uncertainty of the science. * Choice *Goldsmith...tells us about the problems that cosmology is having thanks to the numerous discoveries made by the latest astronomical satellites...These contradictions usually find a fast reflection in the press and other broadcasting media, yet they are rarely treated in a coherent, precise way. Goldsmith not only makes us realise what appears to be not quite all right, but also he explains why and what could be, in some cases, the solution to the problem. Being an expert science writer, the author makes a wonderful job, while showing us everything we need to know about the question with great clarity. * The Space Book Board (Barcelona-based web site) *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe scientific method is just over a hundred years old. From debates about the evolution of the human mind to the rise of instrumental reasoning, Henry M. Cowles shows how the idea of a single scientific method emerged from a turn inward by psychologists that produced powerful epistemological and historical effects that are still with us today.Trade ReviewCowles is an engaging narrator of this important story and a sensitive analyst of its outcome…Cowles shows that what began as a universal process embracing human thought and natural evolution became a prescriptive list of rules setting science apart from everything else…[A] valuable book. -- Jessica Riskin * New York Review of Books *Illuminating…Noting that the idea of the scientific method is a myth, Cowles sets out to trace the origins of its role as the supposed unique route to knowledge, in particular the origins of its educational standing in American culture. -- Stephen Gaukroger * Times Literary Supplement *An absorbing read that illuminates the history of the natural and social sciences in Britain and the US. It features nuanced readings of important scientific figures from a new perspective. Well-argued, accessible, and based on extensive research, Cowles’s hypothesis about the transformation of the scientific method by evolutionary theory should win the struggle for existence in Darwin’s ‘tangled bank’ of scholarship on 19th-century science. -- Bernard Lightman * Physics Today *Absolutely brilliant…The book has important and tantalizing implications for those interested more generally in the twentieth-century modernist turn to method, process, procedure, and technique…What Cowles does that is arresting, in my view, is to show to spectacular effect how the Darwinian ‘method of nature’ underlies (even as it mirrors) the pragmatist method…A wonderfully smart book that complicates our understanding of modernism by giving us a unique account of its past. -- Kunal Parker * Jotwell *Cowles’s probing work delivers fresh insight into a less frequently visited part of intellectual history. * Publishers Weekly *With dazzling brilliance and rare verve, Henry Cowles has accomplished what historians dream of—seizing upon an important fixture in our lives that we often take for granted, and making its story come alive. What is science? Anyone with even a passing interest in that question will have to read this book. -- Jonathan Levy, author of Freaks of Fortune: The Emerging World of Capitalism and Risk in AmericaCowles brings to life a lush and unexpected intellectual history of the concept of the scientific method. This fine book will be of great significance to both historians and practicing scientists interested in the advances and limitations of contemporary science. -- Richard Prum, author of The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and UsThe Scientific Method tells the exciting story of how nineteenth-century psychologists and anthropologists were crucial in establishing how to think about science. Unexpected, provocative, and far-reaching, this book positions the human sciences at the center of rational thought. -- Janet Browne, author of Charles Darwin: A BiographyHenry Cowles has produced an extremely rich history of the idea of ‘the scientific method.’ He recounts its eventful life from the crucial period when modern science took shape, tracing the influences of many diverse intellectual trends such as Darwinism and pragmatism. This is a unique and exemplary blend of philosophical and historical scholarship, with pertinent lessons for the troubled relationship between science and politics today. -- Hasok Chang, author of Inventing Temperature: Measurement and Scientific ProgressA fascinating story of how key figures in the history of science struggled to make sense of the fundamental nature of knowledge construction and answer the enduring question of what it means to think…A truly impressive work of scholarship. -- John L. Rudolph * Social History of Medicine *[A] compelling history revealing an image of science as something natural, something we can all relate to and endorse because the ‘scientific method’ of our textbooks is not really specific to science. It is simply how we think. -- Brandon A. Conley * Quarterly Review of Biology *Cowles combines exhaustive research with interesting storytelling to weave a fascinating narrative about the history of the idea of method…As a book of cultural history, The Scientific Method is a fascinating, detailed account of how ‘method’ threaded its way through political, cultural, social, and academic discussions…Impressive scholarship. * Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith *Provides a rich and fascinating history and has a compelling story to tell…Cowles’s history of the rise of the myth of the scientific method reverberates with our own present anxieties about science denialism and being in a ‘post-truth’ era. -- Alisa Bokulich and Federica Bocchi * Isis *Searching, learned, and engrossing…What Cowles gives us in The Scientific Method—and it is a gift—is the history of one version of the myth of the scientific method. It is a compelling history, and he tells it well. -- Greg Priest * History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences *

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom manipulated results and fake data to retouched illustrations and plagiarism, cases of scientific fraud have skyrocketed in the past two decades. In a damning exposé, Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis details the circumstances enabling the decline in scientific standards and highlights efforts to curtail future misconduct.Trade ReviewPart exposé and part manifesto…No time should be lost confronting the kinds of misconduct outlined in Fraud in the Lab and reaffirming the ideals of scientific inquiry. * Wall Street Journal *This bracing critical analysis…skewers the ‘publish or perish’ lab culture driving scientific fraud…Shows the serious, real-life impacts of ‘data beautification,’ manipulated images, and plagiarism. * Nature *Sees journalist Nicolas Chevassus-au-Louis, a former lab researcher, investigate cases of deception in science, from made-up data and manipulated results to retouching and plagiarism. * New Scientist *Fraud in the Lab has an analytic structure that builds a patient case. -- Philip Kitcher * Los Angeles Review of Books *Chevassus-au-Louis charts some of the more egregious examples of recent scientific deceit: plagiarism, manipulated results, outright falsification. The problem, he argues, is that the intense pressure on scientists today—to ‘publish or perish’—is corrupting the culture of science and positively incentivizing misconduct and dishonesty. -- Nick Spencer * The Tablet *A convincing, concise, and critical analysis of the growing cases of deviant science, from botched experiments to data embellishment and outright fabrication. -- Yves Gingras, author of Bibliometrics and Research Evaluation: Uses and AbusesFraud in the Lab makes a convincing case that today’s scientific culture, emphasizing speed and quantity of publication, breeds fraud and secrecy, destroys lives, and cheats society. Chevassus-au-Louis advocates a responsibility to turn to slow science, emphasizing the quality of both thinking and evidence, as the path to better science for a better world. -- Anne Tsui, Cofounder, Responsible Research in Business and ManagementTackles the issue of scientific fraud head-on, with some tough love for the scientific community. The book should be read by everyone interested in the sciences. -- Matthew Wills * JSTOR Daily *A disturbing account on fraud or, more broadly, on misconduct within the scientific community. -- Marcel Herbst * European Legacy *Offers anyone interested in scientific integrity and research misconduct an excellent point of entry into the field, enabling them to identify the relevant themes, the most high-profile cases, and the way in which scientists handle research misconduct (or not). These are all essential elements for approaching scientific integrity and research misconduct as a field of research. -- Olivier Leclerc * Metascience *

Read more less

Book SynopsisProviding a synthesis of sexual selection, this work describes the theory and its development; examines models, methods, and empirical tests; and identifies unsolved problems. It discusses such topics as the selection and evolution of mating preferences; relations between sexual selection and speciation; constraints on sexual selection; and more.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 1995 "Sexual Selection provides a masterly account of both the complex mathematical theory and the relevant data... [It] deserves to be widely read as a definitive summary of what we know about sexual selection and as a guide to what remains to be done."--Trends in Ecology and EvolutionTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1The Theory of Sexual Selection32Genetic Models of Fisherian Self-Reinforcing Sexual Selection323Genetic Models of Indicator Mechanisms534Empirical Methods805Some Case Studies1006Empirical Studies of Sexually Selected Traits: Patterns1247Sexual Selection in Relation to Mating System and Parental Roles1438Benefits of Mate Choice1849Species Recognition, Sexual Selection, and Speciation20710Constraints22711Sexual Size Dimorphism24712Weapons29513Coloration and Other Visual Signals31514Acoustic Signals34915Chemical Signals36916Alternative Mating Tactics37917Sexual Selection in Plants39618Sexual Selection: Conclusions and Open Questions433References445Author Index561Subject Index581Taxonomic Index588

Read more less