Science: general issues Books
John Wiley & Sons Inc Dictionary of Scientific Principles
Book SynopsisDictionary of Scientific Principles presents a unique and timeless collection of (almost) all known rules or laws commonly called principles, identified throughout the history of scientific development, their definition, and use.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Notes to the Reader. Principles - Definitions. Principles - Applications.
£184.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Dose Makes the Poison
Book SynopsisThis new edition of a widely-read and highly-acclaimed book broadens the scope of its predecessors from a heavy focus on industrial chemicals as toxicants to include drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other types of compounds that people are exposed to daily. Also new to the 3rd edition are newer issues-of-the-day such as nanoparticulate toxicants, second hand smoke, food contamination, lead in toys, and others. As such, the book provides the basics of toxicology in easy-to-understand language as well as a fuller understanding of the daily insults to which our bodies are subjected.Trade Review"This is a refreshing, invigorating as well as eye-opening text, which is reading like an exciting novel - even to a seasoned toxicologist ... An appendix to clarify quantities of pollutants plus an index concludes this most valuable introduction into the science of toxicology for a broad readership." (Toxicology, 2011) "I recommend this book to anyone who has ever listened to the evening news and wondered how much of the "chemical scare du jour" is hype and how much of it is fact - and to those who might want to understand basic concepts in toxicology and the related areas of study without having to trudge through a gaggle of 1000-page textbooks." (International Journal of Toxicology, 2011) "Overall, this is a well-written work with wisely chosen and relevant topics. It will be a perfect addition to any science enthusiast's library. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-level undergraduates through professionals/practitioners; general readers." (Choice, 1 September 2011) "The Dose Makes the Poison is more than just an introduction to toxicology. It is an enjoyable read with lots of interesting stories and one I can thoroughly recommend." (Chemistry & Industry, 25 July 2011) "There is much to be applauded in this book from its straightforward layout and honesty to its accessibility . . . Many good, and contemporary, examples are provided to deliver greater context for the reader." (The British Toxicology Society Journal, 1 May 2011) Table of ContentsIntroduction to the Third Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xv 1 WHAT ARE CHEMICALS? 1 Atoms and Molecules 1 Natural Chemicals 2 Synthetic Chemicals 3 Chemical Categories 6 Chemicals: “Good” and “Bad” 8 Why the “Good-Bad” Dichotomy? 10 Man-made Chemicals Are Made by Humans 11 Man-made Chemicals May Not Be Biodegradable 12 Man-made Chemicals May Be Very Complex 16 2 WHAT HARM DO CHEMICALS CAUSE? 19 Harmful Properties of Chemicals 19 Explosiveness and Reactivity 19 Flammability and Combustibility 20 Radioactivity 21 Corrosiveness 23 Irritation 23 Sensitization and Photosensitization 24 Toxicity 26 Multiple Harmful Properties 27 Definition of Poison 28 Defi nition of Hazard 28 3 WHAT IS TOXICOLOGY? 31 Empirical Toxicology 31 Paracelsus and Ramazzini 32 A Brief History of Toxicology 34 Toxicology Today 40 What Do Toxicologists Do? 44 4 WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS? 47 Acute versus Chronic Toxicity 47 Significance of Divided Doses 53 Routes of Exposure 54 Dermal Exposure 54 Inhalation Exposure 55 Oral Exposure 58 Other Routes of Exposure 59 Combinations 60 Influence of Route on Toxicity 60 Metabolism 64 Routes of Elimination (Excretion) 65 Other Factors that Infl uence Toxicity 66 Species 66 Sex 70 Age 71 Nutrition 73 State of Health 73 Biochemical Individuality (Genetic Diversity) 74 Presence of Other Chemicals 75 Adaptation 77 Light 79 5 HOW IS TOXICOLOGY STUDIED? 81 Experimental Methods 82 Acute Toxicity 83 Irritant and Corrosive Effects 85 Sensitization and Photosensitization 86 Chronic Toxicity 87 Mutagenesis 90 Carcinogenesis 91 Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity 94 Units of Trace Quantities 95 Analytical Methods 96 Animal Rights 99 6 GENERAL TOXICOLOGY 103 Acute Toxicity 103 LD50 and LC50 Values 103 Signifi cance of LDs for Humans 104 Poison Prevention 109 Antidotes 112 Chronic Toxicity 114 No-Effect Levels and Thresholds 116 Margins of Safety 117 Sufficient Challenge 119 Bioaccumulation 121 7 MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS 129 Mutagenesis 129 Genetic Code 129 Mutations 130 Significance of Mutations 132 Mutation and Cancer 135 Carcinogenesis 138 What Is Cancer? 138 Causes of Cancer 140 Role of Mutation 141 Incidence of Cancer 142 Categories and Characteristics of Carcinogens 143 Induction Periods 146 Thresholds 147 Practical Thresholds 149 The Real World 150 Benzo[a]pyrene 150 Cancerophobia 151 8 DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 153 Male and Female Reproductive Systems 154 Prepuberty Systems 154 Adult Systems 155 The Developing Individual 156 9 CASE STUDIES IN TOXICOLOGY 163 Environmental Contaminations 164 Dioxins: Seveso, Italy 164 PCBs and Dibenzofurans: Yusho Disease 169 Bophal, India 173 Minamata Disease 174 DDT 174 Consumer Products 177 Metals 177 Lead and Cadmium 178 Zinc 178 Plastics 179 Bisphenyl A 180 Indoor Air Pollution 181 Water Pollution 185 Pharmaceuticals 186 Fen-Phen 187 Vioxx 188 Thalidomide 189 10 EPIDEMIOLOGY 191 Origins of Modern Epidemiology 191 Epidemiology of Noninfectious Diseases 193 Koch’s Postulates 195 Study Design: Precepts and Pitfalls 197 Unreasonable Expectations 201 Proximate Event Approach in Assigning Cause 202 Distrust of Science and Scientists 204 11 THE STUDY OF RISK 211 Public Health Statistics 211 Inherent Risk 213 Risk Assessment 215 Perceived Risk 218 Acceptable Risk 220 Risk Benefit and Cost Benefit 222 Risk Communication 225 Risk Management 227 Bibliography 229 Abbreviations 233 Glossary 235 Appendix A 245 Index 247
£26.55
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 31
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant breeding and genetics covering horticultural, agronomic and forestry crops, incorporating both traditional and molecular methods. The contributions are authored by world authorities, anonymously reviewed, and edited by Professor Jules Janick of Purdue University, USA. The series is an indispensible resource for crop breeders, plant scientists, and teachers involved in crop improvement and genetic resources. Initiated in 1983, Plant Breeding Reviews is published in the form of one or two volumes per year. Recently published articles include: Epigenetics and Plant Breeding (v30) Enhancing Crop Gene Pools with Beneficial Traits Using Wild Relatives (v30) Coffee Germplasm Resources, Genomics and Breeding (v30) Molecular Genetics and Breeding for Fatty Acid Manipulation in Soybean (v30) Breeding Southern Highbush Blueberries (v30) Development of Fire Table of ContentsContributors. 1. Dedication: Anthony H. D. Brown Conservation Geneticist (Reid G. Palmer and Jeff J. Doyle). I. Biographical Sketch. II. Research Accomplishments. III. The Man. IV. Honors and Awards. Selected Publications of Anthony H. D. Brown. 2. Brassica and Its Close Allies: Cytogenetics and Evolution (Shyam Prakash, S. R. Bhat, C. F. Quiros, P. B. Kirti, and V. L. Chopra). I. Introduction. II. Cytogenetics. III. Genome Manipulation. IV. Wide Hybridization. V. Cytoplasmic Substitution and Male Sterility. VI. Genome Dissection and Development of Chromosome Addition Lines. VII. Mitochondrial Genome. VIII. Plastid Genome. IX. Potential Role of Arabidopsis thaliana in Brassica Improvement. X. Chloroplast Genomes and their Phylogenetic Implications. XI. Evolution of Morphological Characters. XII. Concluding Remarks. Literature Cited. 3. Genetic Enhancement for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum (Belum V. S. Reddy, S. Ramesh, P. Sanjana Reddy, and A. Ashok Kumar). I. Introduction. II. Breeding for Drought Tolerance. III. Selection among Cultivars and Landraces. IV. Breeding for Drought Escape. V. Growth Stage–Specific Screening Techniques. VI. Physiological Response Traits for Drought Tolerance. VII. Marker-Assisted Breeding for Drought Tolerance. VIII. Outlook. Literature Cited. 4. Breeding for Resistance to Stenocarpella Ear Rot in Maize (Johannes D. Rossouw, Z. A. Pretorius, H. D. Silva, and K. R. Lamkey). I. Introduction. II. Distribution and Importance. III. Pathogen. IV. Epidemiology. V. Disease Management. VI. Summary and Conclusion. Literature Cited. 5. Cassava Genetic Resources: Manipulation for Crop Improvement (Nagib M. A. Nassar and Rodomiro Ortiz). I. Introduction. II. Wild Manihot Species: A Botanical Review. III. Interspecific Hybrids. IV. Cassava Diversity as Revealed by DNA Markers and Genetics. V. Trait Transfer. VI. Outlook. Literature Cited. 6. Breeding Roses for Disease Resistance (Vance M. Whitaker and Stan C. Hokanson). I. Introduction. II. Causal Pathogens. III. Resistance Screening. IV. Breeding. V. Molecular Tools. VI. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 7. Plant Breeding for Human Nutritional Quality (Philipp W. Simon, Linda M. Pollak, Beverly A. Clevidence, Joannne M. Holden, and David B. Haytowitz). I. Introduction. II. Sources of Nutrients. III. Progress in Breeding for Nutrient Content and Composition. IV. Plant Breeding Strategies for Increasing Intake of Shortfall Nutrients. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Effective Instruction for STEM Disciplines
Book SynopsisPraise for Effective Instruction for STEM Disciplines The world of today''s learners is a multimode, information-intensive universe of interactive bursts and virtual exchanges, yet our teaching methods retain the outdated characteristics of last generation''s study-and-drill approach. New pedagogical methods, detailed and justified in this groundbreaking work, are essential to prepare students to confront the concerns of the future. The book challenges our traditional assumptions and informs the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community of the latest research on how the brain learns and retains information, how enhanced student engagement with subject material and its context is essential to deep learning, and how to use this knowledge to structure STEM education approaches that work. ?DAVID V. KERNS, JR., Franklin and Mary Olin Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and founding provost, Olin College Table of ContentsForeword xi Preface xv Acknowledgments xxv About the Authors xxvii 1. Is There a Problem?: Or Is the Problem That We Don’t Think There Is a Problem? 1 2. Learning and Memory: How Does Learning Happen? 11 3. Perception: When All Else Fails, Start at the Beginning 45 4. Processing and Active Learning: How Does It Happen? 57 5. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Its Relationship to Course Outcomes 71 6. Interactive Engagement and Active Learning: Retrieval Events 83 7. Some Active Learning Techniques: Studying, Retrieval, and Schemata Construction 101 8. Problem-Based Learning: Where Am I Ever Going to Use This Stuff? 123 9. Transfer: What Are Your Course Outcomes? 153 10. Teaching for Transfer: Applying What Is Known 171 11. Applications 191 Appendix: Bloom’s Taxonomy and Educational Outcomes: The McBeath Action Verbs 221 Glossary 233 References 237 Index 249
£32.29
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Progress in Food Preservation
Book SynopsisThis volume presents a wide range of new approaches aimed at improving the safety and quality of food products and agricultural commodities.Table of ContentsPreface xix Contributors xxi Part I Active and Atmospheric Packaging 1 1 Selected Techniques to Decontaminate Minimally Processed Vegetables 3 Vicente M. Gomez-Lopez 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 UV-C light 4 1.3 Pulsed light 6 1.4 Electrolysed oxidizing water 8 1.5 Ozone 11 1.6 Low-temperature blanching 15 2 Active and Intelligent Packaging of Food 23 Istvan Siro 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Active scavengers 25 2.3 Active releasers/emitters 29 2.4 Intelligent packaging 37 2.5 Nanotechnology in active and intelligent packaging 39 2.6 Future trends 41 2.7 Further sources of information 42 3 Modified-Atmosphere Storage of Foods 49 Osman Erkmen 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Modified atmosphere 50 3.3 Effects of modified gas atmospheres on microorganisms and foods 55 3.4 Application of modified atmospheres for food preservation 60 3.5 Food safety and future outlook 63 3.6 Conclusions 63 4 Effects of Combined Treatments with Modified-Atmosphere Packaging on Shelf-Life Improvement of Food Products 67 Shengmin Lu and Qile Xia 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Physical treatments 68 4.3 Chemical treatments 75 4.4 Quality-improving agents 82 4.5 Antibrowning agents 83 4.6 Natural products 84 4.7 Other methods, such as oxygen scavengers and coatings 89 4.8 Biocontrol 90 5 Coating Technology for Food Preservation 111 Chamorn Chawengkijwanich and Phikunthong Kopermsub 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Progress in relevant materials and their applications in coating 112 5.3 Progress in coating methodology 118 5.4 Future trends in coating technology 121 5.5 Conclusions 122 Part II Novel Decontamination Techniques 129 6 Biological Materials and Food-Drying Innovations 131 Habib Kocabiyik 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Microwave drying 133 6.3 Radio frequency drying 134 6.4 Infrared drying 136 6.5 Refractance windowTM drying 138 7 Atmospheric Freeze Drying 143 Shek Mohammod Atiqure Rahman and Arun S. Mujumdar 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Basic principles 144 7.3 Types of atmospheric freeze dryer and application 146 7.4 A novel approach to AFD 149 7.5 Model 156 7.6 Conclusions 158 8 Osmotic Dehydration: Theory, Methodologies, and Applications in Fish, Seafood, and Meat Products 161 Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis, Agapi Veikou, and Panagiota Panagiotaki 8.1 Introduction 161 8.2 Methods of drying 165 8.3 Some results 168 8.4 Conclusions 186 9 Dehydration of Fruit and Vegetables in Tropical Regions 191 Salim-ur-Rehman and Javaid Aziz Awan 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Forms of water 192 9.3 Advantages of dried foods 192 9.4 Drying processes 193 9.5 Dehydration 196 9.6 Evaporation and concentration 200 9.7 Spoilage of dried fruits and vegetables 203 9.8 Merits of dehydration over sun drying 203 9.9 Effects of dehydration on nutritive value of fruits and vegetables 204 9.10 Effects of drying on microorganisms 204 9.11 Effect of drying on enzyme activity 205 9.12 Influence of drying on pigments 205 9.13 Reconstitution test 205 9.14 Drying parameters 208 10 Developments in the Thermal Processing of Food 211 Tareq M. Osaili 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Thermal processing 212 10.3 Innovative thermal processing techniques 215 11 Ozone in Food Preservation 231 Bulent Zorlugenc and Feyza Kiroglu Zorlugenc 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 History 232 11.3 Chemistry 232 11.4 Generation 233 11.5 Antimicrobial effect 234 11.6 Applications 236 11.7 Toxicity and safety of personnel 241 11.8 Conclusion 241 12 Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure Technology for Processing and Preservation of Foods 247 Hudaa Neetoo and Haiqiang Chen 12.1 Introduction 247 12.2 The working principles of high hydrostatic pressure 248 12.3 Microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure 249 12.4 Effect of high pressure on the physical and biochemical characteristics of food systems 251 12.5 Applications of high hydrostatic pressure to specific food commodities 253 12.6 Conclusions 268 13 Pulsed Electric Fields for Food Preservation: An Update on Technological Progress 277 Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi, Rajeev Bhat, and Abd Karim Alias 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Historical background of pulsed electric fields 278 13.3 Pulsed electric field processing 278 13.4 Mechanisms and factors affecting pulsed electric fields 279 13.5 Pulsed electric field applications in food processing 280 13.6 Nanosecond pulsed electric fields 281 13.7 Impacts of pulsed electric fields on antioxidant features 282 13.8 Effects of pulsed electric fields on solid textures 286 13.9 Starch modification by pulsed electric fields 286 13.10 Conclusions 289 14 Salting Technology in Fish Processing 297 Hulya Turan and Ibrahim Erkoyuncu 14.1 Introduction 297 14.2 Process steps in salting technology 298 14.3 Factors affecting the penetration of salt 304 14.4 Ripening of salted fish 307 14.5 Conclusion 312 15 Hypoxanthine Levels, Chemical Studies and Bacterial Flora of Alternate Frozen/Thawed Market-Simulated Marine Fish Species 315 Olusegun A. Oyelese 15.1 Introduction 315 15.2 Sources of contamination of fish 316 15.3 Fish as a perishable food 316 15.4 Indicators of deterioration in frozen fish 318 15.5 Bacterial food poisoning in seafood 318 15.6 Methods used for assessing deteriorative changes in fish 319 15.7 Study of three marine fish species 323 15.8 Conclusions 328 16 Preservation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Major Crop to Nourish People Worldwide 331 G.J. Benoit Gnonlonfin, Ambaliou Sanni and Leon Brimer 16.1 Introduction: cassava production and importance 331 16.2 Nutritional value 331 16.3 Cassava utilization 332 16.4 Factors that limit cassava utilization, and its toxicity 333 16.5 Cassava processing 336 16.6 Storage of processed cassava products 339 17 Use of Electron Beams in Food Preservation 343 Rajeev Bhat, Abd Karim Alias and Gopinadhan Paliyath 17.1 Introduction 343 17.2 Food irradiation, source and technology 344 17.3 The food industry and electron-beam irradiation 346 17.4 Electron-beam irradiation and microorganisms 364 17.5 Conclusion and future outlook 365 Part III Modelling 373 18 Treatment of Foods using High Hydrostatic Pressure 375 Sencer Buzrul and Hami Alpas 18.1 Introduction 375 18.2 Pressure and the earth 376 18.3 Main factors characterizing high hydrostatic pressure 376 18.4 Historical perspective 377 18.5 High hydrostatic pressure process and equipment 378 18.6 Commercal high hydrostatic pressure-treated food products around the world 381 18.7 Consumer acceptance of high hydrostatic pressure processing 382 19 Role of Predictive Microbiology in Food Preservation 389 Francisco Noe Arroyo-Lopez, Joaquin Bautista-Gallego and Antonio Garrido-Fernandez 19.1 Microorganisms in foods 389 19.2 Predictive microbiology 391 19.3 Software packages and web applications in predictive microbiology 400 19.4 Applications of predictive microbiology in food preservation 402 20 Factors Affecting the Growth of Microorganisms in Food 405 Siddig Hussein Hamad 20.1 Introduction 405 20.2 Intrinsic factors 406 20.3 Extrinsic factors 417 20.4 Implicit factors 423 20.5 Processing factors 424 20.6 Interaction between factors 425 21 A Whole-Chain Approach to Food Safety Management and Quality Assurance of Fresh Produce 429 Hans Rediers, Inge Hanssen, Matthew S. Krause, Ado Van Assche, Raf De Vis, Rita Moloney and Kris A. Willems 21.1 Introduction: the management of food safety requires a holistic approach 429 21.2 Microbial quality management starts in production 431 21.3 Processing of fresh produce is a key step in quality preservation 433 21.4 Monitoring the entire food supply chain 437 21.5 The improvement of compliance by increasing awareness 442 21.6 Last but not least: consumers 443 21.7 Conclusion 444 Part IV Use of Natural Preservatives 451 22 Food Bioprotection: Lactic Acid Bacteria as Natural Preservatives 453 Graciela Vignolo, Lucila Saavedra, Fernando Sesma, and Raul Raya 22.1 Introduction 453 22.2 Antimicrobial potential of LAB 455 22.3 Bacteriocins 456 22.4 Food applications 458 22.5 Hurdle technology to enhance food safety 468 22.6 Bacteriocins in packaging films 471 22.7 Conclusions 473 23 Bacteriocins: Recent Advances and Opportunities 485 Taoufik Ghrairi, Nawel Chaftar and Khaled Hani 23.1 Introduction 485 23.2 Bacteriocins produced by LAB 486 23.3 Bioprotection against pathogenic bacteria 493 23.4 Bioprotection against spoilage microorganisms 500 23.5 Medical and veterinary potential of LAB bacteriocins 501 23.6 Conclusion 501 24 Application of Botanicals as Natural Preservatives in Food 513 Vibha Gupta and Jagdish Nair 24.1 Introduction 513 24.2 Antibacterials 514 24.3 Antifungals 517 24.4 Antioxidants 518 24.5 Applications 520 24.6 Conclusion 523 25 Tropical Medicinal Plants in Food Processing and Preservation: Potentials and Challenges 531 Afolabi F. Eleyinmi 25.1 Introduction 531 25.2 Some tropical medicinal plants with potential food-processing value 532 25.3 Conclusion 535 26 Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts as Food Preservatives 539 Thierry Regnier, Sandra Combrinck and Wilma Du Plooy 26.1 Background 539 26.2 Secondary metabolites of plants 542 26.3 Modes of action of essential oils and plant extracts 544 26.4 Specific applications of plant extracts in the food industry 545 26.5 Medicinal plants and the regulations governing the use of botanical biocides 564 26.6 Future perspectives 568 26.7 Conclusions 569 27 Plant-Based Products as Control Agents of Stored-Product Insect Pests in the Tropics 581 Joshua O. Ogendo, Arop L. Deng, Rhoda J. Birech and Philip K. Bett 27.1 Introduction 581 27.2 Common insect pests of stored food grains in the tropics 583 27.3 Advances in stored-product insect pest control in the tropics 590 27.4 Advances in development of botanical pesticides in the tropics 592 27.5 Prospects of botanical pesticides 597 28 Preservation of Plant and Animal Foods: An Overview 603 Gabriel O. Adegoke and Abiodun A. Olapade 28.1 Introduction: definition and principles 603 28.2 Food preservation methods 603 28.3 Conclusion 609 References 609 Index 613 Preface xix Contributors xxi Part I Active and Atmospheric Packaging 1 1 Selected Techniques to Decontaminate Minimally Processed Vegetables 3 Vicente M. Gómez-López 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 UV-C light 4 1.2.1 Definition 4 1.2.2 Inactivation mechanism 4 1.2.3 Effect on microbial populations 4 1.2.4 Effect on sensory attributes 5 1.2.5 Effects on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of MPV 5 1.3 Pulsed light 6 1.3.1 Definition 6 1.3.2 Inactivation mechanism 6 1.3.3 Effect on microbial populations 7 1.3.4 Effect on sensory attributes 8 1.3.5 Effects on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of MPV 8 1.4 Electrolysed oxidizing water 8 1.4.1 Definition 8 1.4.2 Inactivation mechanism 9 1.4.3 Effect on microbial populations 9 1.4.4 Effect on sensory quality 11 1.4.5 Effects on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of MPV 11 1.5 Ozone 11 1.5.1 Definition 11 1.5.2 Inactivation mechanism 12 1.5.3 Ozonated water 12 1.5.4 Gaseous ozone 14 1.5.5 Effects on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of MPV 15 1.6 Low-temperature blanching 15 1.6.1 Definition 15 1.6.2 Effect on microbial populations 15 1.6.3 Effects on sensory quality 16 1.6.4 Effects on the nutritional and phytochemical composition of MPV 16 References 16 2 Active and Intelligent Packaging of Food 23 Istvan Siró 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Active scavengers 25 2.2.1 Oxygen scavengers 25 2.2.2 Ethylene scavengers 26 2.2.3 Carbon dioxide scavengers 27 2.2.4 Moisture regulators 28 2.2.5 Aroma scavengers/absorbers 28 2.3 Active releasers/emitters 29 2.3.1 Antimicrobial packaging 29 2.3.2 Antimicrobial substances 29 2.3.3 Development of antimicrobial packaging 33 2.3.4 Antioxidative packaging 34 2.3.5 Other releasers/emitters 35 2.3.6 Controlled release of active compounds 35 2.4 Intelligent packaging 37 2.4.1 Gas indicators and sensors 37 2.4.2 Time-temperature indicators 38 2.4.3 Freshness/spoilage indicators 38 2.4.4 Biosensors/Nanosensors 39 2.4.5 Radio frequency identification 39 2.5 Nanotechnology in active and intelligent packaging 39 2.6 Future trends 41 2.7 Further sources of information 42 References 42 3 Modified-Atmosphere Storage of Foods 49 Osman Erkmen 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Modified atmosphere 50 3.2.1 Types of modified-atmosphere techniques 50 3.2.2 Gases used for modification of atmosphere 54 3.3 Effects of modified gas atmospheres on microorganisms and foods 55 3.3.1 Mechanism of effects 55 3.3.2 Effects of modified atmosphere on spoilage microorganisms 57 3.3.3 Effects of modified atmosphere on microorganisms that cause food poisoning 57 3.4 Application of modified atmospheres for food preservation 60 3.4.1 Meat and meat products 60 3.4.2 Seafoods 61 3.4.3 Dairy products 61 3.4.4 Bakery products 61 3.4.5 Dried food products 62 3.4.6 Fruits and vegetables 62 3.5 Food safety and future outlook 63 3.6 Conclusions 63 References 64 4 Effects of Combined Treatments with Modified-Atmosphere Packaging on Shelf-Life Improvement of Food Products 67 Shengmin Lu and Qile Xia 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Physical treatments 68 4.2.1 Low temperature 68 4.2.2 High pressure 70 4.2.3 Radiation 72 4.2.4 Heat treatment 73 4.2.5 Films 74 4.3 Chemical treatments 75 4.3.1 Chemical sanitizers and preservatives 75 4.4 Quality-improving agents 82 4.5 Antibrowning agents 83 4.6 Natural products 84 4.7 Other methods, such as oxygen scavengers and coatings 89 4.8 Biocontrol 90 4.8.1 Bacterial antagonists 90 4.8.2 Yeast antagonists 92 References 96 5 Coating Technology for Food Preservation 111 Chamorn Chawengkijwanich and Phikunthong Kopermsub 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Progress in relevant materials and their applications in coating 112 5.2.1 Active agents for coating 112 5.2.2 Controlled release of active agents 114 5.2.3 Multifunctional surface-coating materials 117 5.2.4 Nutraceutical coatings 118 5.3 Progress in coating methodology 118 5.4 Future trends in coating technology 121 5.5 Conclusions 122 References 123 Part II Novel Decontamination Techniques 129 6 Biological Materials and Food-Drying Innovations 131 Habib Kocabıyık 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Microwave drying 133 6.3 Radio frequency drying 134 6.4 Infrared drying 136 6.5 Refractance window TM drying 138 References 139 7 Atmospheric Freeze Drying 143 Shek Mohammod Atiqure Rahman and Arun S. Mujumdar 7.1 Introduction 143 7.2 Basic principles 144 7.3 Types of atmospheric freeze dryer and application 146 7.3.1 Fluid-bed freeze drying 146 7.3.2 Tunnel freeze drying 146 7.3.3 Atmospheric spray-freeze drying 147 7.3.4 Heat-pump technology 148 7.4 A novel approach to AFD 149 7.4.1 Experimental results 150 7.5 Model 156 7.5.1 Assumptions 156 7.5.2 Governing equations 157 7.6 Conclusions 158 References 159 8 Osmotic Dehydration: Theory, Methodologies, and Applications in Fish, Seafood, and Meat Products 161 Ioannis S. Arvanitoyannis, Agapi Veikou, and Panagiota Panagiotaki 8.1 Introduction 161 8.1.1 Determination of physical characteristics 163 8.2 Methods of drying 165 8.2.1 Sun drying/solar drying 165 8.2.2 Air and contact drying under atmospheric pressure 165 8.2.3 Freeze drying 165 8.2.4 Osmotic dehydration 166 8.2.5 Vacuum osmotic dehydration 166 8.2.6 Vacuum impregnation 166 8.2.7 Pulse VOD 167 8.2.8 Traditional meat smoking 167 8.2.9 Meat treatments by soaking 167 8.3 Some results 168 8.4 Conclusions 186 References 188 9 Dehydration of Fruit and Vegetables in Tropical Regions 191 Salim-ur-Rehman and Javaid Aziz Awan 9.1 Introduction 191 9.2 Forms of water 192 9.2.1 Role of water in food 192 9.3 Advantages of dried foods 192 9.4 Drying processes 193 9.4.1 Sun drying/solar drying of fruit and vegetables 193 9.4.2 Solar driers 194 9.4.3 Drying under shade 195 9.4.4 Osmotic drying 195 9.5 Dehydration 196 9.5.1 Drying conditions 196 9.5.2 Factors affecting evaporation of water from food surfaces 196 9.5.3 Types of dehydrator 197 9.6 Evaporation and concentration 200 9.6.1 Freeze drying 201 9.6.2 Dehydro-freezing 201 9.6.3 Intermediate-moisture food technology 202 9.7 Spoilage of dried fruits and vegetables 203 9.8 Merits of dehydration over sun drying 203 9.9 Effects of dehydration on nutritive value of fruits and vegetables 204 9.10 Effects of drying on microorganisms 204 9.11 Effect of drying on enzyme activity 205 9.12 Influence of drying on pigments 205 9.13 Reconstitution test 205 9.14 Drying parameters 208 References 208 10 Developments in the Thermal Processing of Food 211 Tareq M. Osaili 10.1 Introduction 211 10.2 Thermal processing 212 10.2.1 Thermal inactivation kinetics 212 10.2.2 Process lethality of thermal process 213 10.2.3 Requirement of thermal process 214 10.2.4 Process verification/validation 214 10.3 Innovative thermal processing techniques 215 10.3.1 Indirect electroheating techniques: radio frequency and microwave 215 10.3.2 Direct electroheating techniques: ohmic heating 224 References 227 11 Ozone in Food Preservation 231 Bülent Zorlugenç and Feyza Kıroğllu Zorlugenç 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 History 232 11.3 Chemistry 232 11.3.1 Solubility 233 11.3.2 Stability 233 11.3.3 Reactivity 233 11.4 Generation 233 11.5 Antimicrobial effect 234 11.5.1 Inactivation spectrum 235 11.5.2 Influencing factors 236 11.6 Applications 236 11.6.1 Red meat 236 11.6.2 Poultry 237 11.6.3 Seafood 237 11.6.4 Fruit and vegetables 238 11.6.5 Cereals 239 11.6.6 Pesticides 239 11.6.7 Mycotoxins 240 11.6.8 Food-processing equipment 240 11.7 Toxicity and safety of personnel 241 11.8 Conclusion 241 References 242 12 Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure Technology for Processing and Preservation of Foods 247 Hudaa Neetoo and Haiqiang Chen 12.1 Introduction 247 12.2 The working principles of high hydrostatic pressure 248 12.3 Microbial inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure 249 12.3.1 Effect of high pressure on bacterial cell membrane 249 12.3.2 Effect of high pressure on bacterial cell morphology 249 12.3.3 Effect of high pressure on biochemical and enzymatic processes in microorganisms 251 12.4 Effect of high pressure on the physical and biochemical characteristics of food systems 251 12.5 Applications of high hydrostatic pressure to specific food commodities 253 12.5.1 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on muscle foods 254 12.5.2 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on fishery products 257 12.5.3 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on milk and dairy products 259 12.5.4 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on eggs and egg products 262 12.5.5 Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on fruit and vegetable products 264 12.6 Conclusions 268 References 268 13 Pulsed Electric Fields for Food Preservation: An Update on Technological Progress 277 Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi, Rajeev Bhat, and Abd Karim Alias 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Historical background of pulsed electric fields 278 13.3 Pulsed electric field processing 278 13.4 Mechanisms and factors affecting pulsed electric fields 279 13.4.1 Increase in transmembrane potential 279 13.4.2 Pore-initiation stage 279 13.4.3 Evolution of the pore population 280 13.4.4 Pore resealing or cell death 280 13.5 Pulsed electric field applications in food processing 280 13.6 Nanosecond pulsed electric fields 281 13.7 Impacts of pulsed electric fields on antioxidant features 282 13.7.1 Antioxidants and vitamin c 282 13.7.2 Carotenoids and vitamin A 285 13.8 Effects of pulsed electric fields on solid textures 286 13.9 Starch modification by pulsed electric fields 286 13.10 Conclusions 289 References 289 14 Salting Technology in Fish Processing 297 Hűllya Turan and Ibrahim Erkoyuncu 14.1 Introduction 297 14.1.1 Purpose and principles of salting 297 14.2 Process steps in salting technology 298 14.2.1 Salt quality 298 14.2.2 Fish preparation 299 14.2.3 Salting methods 299 14.2.4 Additives used in the salting process 304 14.3 Factors affecting the penetration of salt 304 14.3.1 Salting method 304 14.3.2 Salt concentration 304 14.3.3 Salt quality 304 14.3.4 Fish freshness 305 14.3.5 Amount of fat 306 14.3.6 Size of the fish 306 14.3.7 Temperature 306 14.4 Ripening of salted fish 307 14.4.1 Storage of salted fish 308 14.4.2 Undesirable changes in salted products 309 14.5 Conclusion 312 References 312 15 Hypoxanthine Levels, Chemical Studies and Bacterial Flora of Alternate Frozen/Thawed Market-Simulated Marine Fish Species 315 Olusegun A. Oyelese 15.1 Introduction 315 15.2 Sources of contamination of fish 316 15.3 Fish as a perishable food 316 15.3.1 Autolytic spoilage 317 15.3.2 Microbiological spoilage 317 15.4 Indicators of deterioration in frozen fish 318 15.5 Bacterial food poisoning in seafood 318 15.6 Methods used for assessing deteriorative changes in fish 319 15.6.1 Organoleptic or sensory assessment 320 15.6.2 Chemical assessment 320 15.6.3 Bacteriological assessment (microbiological analysis) 322 15.7 Study of three marine fish species 323 15.7.1 Proximate composition of marine fish samples 323 15.7.2 Results of bacteriological assessment 324 15.8 Conclusions 328 References 328 16 Preservation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Major Crop to Nourish People Worldwide 331 G.J. Benoit Gnonlonfin, Ambaliou Sanni and Leon Brimer 16.1 Introduction: cassava production and importance 331 16.2 Nutritional value 331 16.3 Cassava utilization 332 16.4 Factors that limit cassava utilization, and its toxicity 333 16.5 Cassava processing 336 16.5.1 Description of some cassava-based products 336 16.6 Storage of processed cassava products 339 References 339 17 Use of Electron Beams in Food Preservation 343 Rajeev Bhat, Abd Karim Alias and Gopinadhan Paliyath 17.1 Introduction 343 17.2 Food irradiation, source and technology 344 17.3 The food industry and electron-beam irradiation 346 17.3.1 Fruits and vegetables 346 17.3.2 Cereals, legumes and seeds 360 17.3.3 Poultry, meat and seafood 362 17.4 Electron-beam irradiation and microorganisms 364 17.5 Conclusion and future outlook 365 References 366 Part III Modelling 373 18 Treatment of Foods using High Hydrostatic Pressure 375 Sencer Buzrul and Hami Alpas 18.1 Introduction 375 18.2 Pressure and the earth 376 18.3 Main factors characterizing high hydrostatic pressure 376 18.3.1 Energy 376 18.3.2 Densification effect 377 18.3.3 Isostatic (Pascal) principle 377 18.4 Historical perspective 377 18.5 High hydrostatic pressure process and equipment 378 18.6 Commercal high hydrostatic pressure-treated food products around the world 381 18.6.1 Meat products 381 18.6.2 Seafood and fish products 382 18.6.3 Vegetable products 382 18.6.4 Juices and beverages 382 18.7 Consumer acceptance of high hydrostatic pressure processing 382 References 385 19 Role of Predictive Microbiology in Food Preservation 389 Francisco Noé Arroyo-López, Joaquín Bautista-Gallego and Antonio Garrido-Fernández 19.1 Microorganisms in foods 389 19.1.1 Why is it necessary to control microbial growth in foods? 389 19.1.2 Main factors affecting microbial growth and survival in food ecosystems 390 19.2 Predictive microbiology 391 19.2.1 Origin and concept 391 19.2.2 The modelling process 392 19.3 Software packages and web applications in predictive microbiology 400 19.4 Applications of predictive microbiology in food preservation 402 References 402 20 Factors Affecting the Growth of Microorganisms in Food 405 Siddig Hussein Hamad 20.1 Introduction 405 20.2 Intrinsic factors 406 20.2.1 Water activity 406 20.2.2 pH value 409 20.2.3 Nutrient content 412 20.2.4 Antimicrobial substances and mechanical barriers to microbial invasion 413 20.2.5 Redox potential 416 20.3 Extrinsic factors 417 20.3.1 Impact of storage temperature 417 20.3.2 Impact of storage atmosphere of the food 421 20.4 Implicit factors 423 20.4.1 Antagonism 423 20.4.2 Synergism 424 20.5 Processing factors 424 20.6 Interaction between factors 425 References 426 21 A Whole-Chain Approach to Food Safety Management and Quality Assurance of Fresh Produce 429 Hans Rediers, Inge Hanssen, Matthew S. Krause, Ado Van Assche, Raf De Vis, Rita Moloney and Kris A. Willems 21.1 Introduction: the management of food safety requires a holistic approach 429 21.2 Microbial quality management starts in production 431 21.3 Processing of fresh produce is a key step in quality preservation 433 21.3.1 Hand hygiene 433 21.3.2 The use of at-line microbial monitoring in food processing 434 21.4 Monitoring the entire food supply chain 437 21.4.1 Temperature management in the cold chain 437 21.4.2 Construction of a microbiological database as a tool for process control 441 21.5 The improvement of compliance by increasing awareness 442 21.6 Last but not least: consumers 443 21.7 Conclusion 444 References 445 Part IV Use of Natural Preservatives 451 22 Food Bioprotection: Lactic Acid Bacteria as Natural Preservatives 453 Graciela Vignolo, Lucila Saavedra, Fernando Sesma, and Raúl Raya 22.1 Introduction 453 22.2 Antimicrobial potential of LAB 455 22.3 Bacteriocins 456 22.3.1 Biosynthetic pathways 457 22.4 Food applications 458 22.4.1 Bioprotection of meat, poultry, and seafood products 459 22.4.2 Bioprotection of dairy products 463 22.4.3 Bioprotection of vegetable products 464 22.5 Hurdle technology to enhance food safety 468 22.6 Bacteriocins in packaging films 471 22.7 Conclusions 473 References 474 23 Bacteriocins: Recent Advances and Opportunities 485 Taoufik Ghrairi, Nawel Chaftar and Khaled Hani 23.1 Introduction 485 23.2 Bacteriocins produced by LAB 486 23.2.1 Detection 486 23.2.2 Classification 486 23.2.3 Mechanisms of action 491 23.2.4 Genetic organization and regulation 492 23.2.5 Immunity 493 23.3 Bioprotection against pathogenic bacteria 493 23.3.1 Biocontrol of Listeria monocytogenes 493 23.3.2 Biocontrol of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens 497 23.3.3 Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus 498 23.3.4 Biocontrol of Gram-negative bacteria 498 23.4 Bioprotection against spoilage microorganisms 500 23.4.1 Biocontrol of Bacillus spp. 500 23.4.2 Biocontrol of yeasts and moulds 500 23.5 Medical and veterinary potential of LAB bacteriocins 501 23.6 Conclusion 501 References 502 24 Application of Botanicals as Natural Preservatives in Food 513 Vibha Gupta and Jagdish Nair 24.1 Introduction 513 24.2 Antibacterials 514 24.2.1 Spices and their essential oils 514 24.2.2 Allium species 515 24.2.3 Citrus fruits 516 24.2.4 Cruciferae family 516 24.3 Antifungals 517 24.4 Antioxidants 518 24.4.1 Cereals and legumes 519 24.4.2 Fruits 519 24.4.3 Herbs and spices 519 24.5 Applications 520 24.5.1 Meat products 521 24.5.2 Dairy products 521 24.5.3 Vegetables and fruits 522 24.5.4 Synergistic effects 522 24.6 Conclusion 523 References 524 25 Tropical Medicinal Plants in Food Processing and Preservation: Potentials and Challenges 531 Afolabi F. Eleyinmi 25.1 Introduction 531 25.2 Some tropical medicinal plants with potential food-processing value 532 25.2.1 Ageratum conyzoides 532 25.2.2 Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) 532 25.2.3 Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) 533 25.2.4 Garcinia kola (bitter kola) 533 25.2.5 Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) 534 25.2.6 Allium sativum L. (garlic) 534 25.2.7 Gongronema latifolium 534 25.2.8 Draceana mannii 534 25.2.9 Salvia officinalis 535 25.3 Conclusion 535 References 535 26 Essential Oils and Other Plant Extracts as Food Preservatives 539 Thierry Regnier, Sandra Combrinck and Wilma Du Plooy 26.1 Background 539 26.2 Secondary metabolites of plants 542 26.2.1 Essential oils 542 26.2.2 Non-volatile secondary metabolites 543 26.3 Modes of action of essential oils and plant extracts 544 26.4 Specific applications of plant extracts in the food industry 545 26.4.1 Fruits 546 26.4.2 Vegetables, legumes and grains 558 26.4.3 Seaweed 559 26.4.4 Fish and meat 563 26.5 Medicinal plants and the regulations governing the use of botanical biocides 564 26.6 Future perspectives 568 26.7 Conclusions 569 References 569 27 Plant-Based Products as Control Agents of Stored-Product Insect Pests in the Tropics 581 Joshua O. Ogendo, Arop L. Deng, Rhoda J. Birech and Philip K. Bett 27.1 Introduction 581 27.2 Common insect pests of stored food grains in the tropics 583 27.2.1 Primary insect pests of stored cereals 583 27.2.2 Primary insect pests of pulses 586 27.2.3 Secondary insect pests of stored cereals and pulses 588 27.3 Advances in stored-product insect pest control in the tropics 590 27.3.1 Cultural control 590 27.3.2 Monitoring of pest populations 590 27.3.3 Grain moisture content control 590 27.3.4 Biological control 591 27.3.5 Synthetic chemical control 591 27.4 Advances in development of botanical pesticides in the tropics 592 27.4.1 Botanical insecticides 592 27.4.2 Essential oils 593 27.4.3 Case studies on control of stored-grain insect pests using essential oils 595 27.5 Prospects of botanical pesticides 597 References 597 28 Preservation of Plant and Animal Foods: An Overview 603 Gabriel O. Adegoke and Abiodun A. Olapade 28.1 Introduction: definition and principles 603 28.2 Food preservation methods 603 28.2.1 Precooling 605 28.2.2 Canning 605 28.2.3 Drying and dehydration 606 28.2.4 Packaging methods 606 28.2.5 Antimicrobial-packaging technology 607 28.2.6 Smoking 607 28.2.7 Chemical preservatives/food additives 607 28.2.8 Shelf-life extension using additives of plant origin 608 28.2.9 Food irradiation 608 28.2.10 High-pressure food processing 608 28.2.11 Modified gas atmosphere 608 28.3 Conclusion 609 References 609 Index 613
£172.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgments xix Abbreviations xxiii 1 Climatology of the Tropical Atmosphere and Upper Ocean 1 1.1 The Growth of Tropical Meteorology 1 1.2 Seasonal Characteristics 4 1.3 Macro-Scale Circulations 16 1.4 A Myriad of Variability 24 Notes 34 2 Hydrological and Heat Exchange Processes 37 2.1 Water on Earth 38 2.2 Thermodynamics of Water and Earth’s Climate 39 2.3 Water and the Tropical System 43 2.4 Buoyancy, Differential Buoyancy, and the Generation of Horizontal Body Forces 50 2.5 Integrated Column Heating 53 2.6 Buoyancy in the Tropical Ocean 57 2.8 Convection–SST Relationships and the Vertical Scale of Tropical Motions 68 2.9 Coupled Global Ocean–Atmosphere Synergies 70 2.10 Synthesis 73 Notes 73 3 Fundamental Processes 77 3.1 Some Fundamentals of Low-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics 79 3.2 Dynamics of the Low-Latitude Upper Ocean 91 Notes 104 4 Kinematics of Equatorial Waves 107 4.1 Phase and Group Velocities, and Energy Propagation 107 4.2 Dispersive and Non-dispersive Waves 111 4.3 Overview 112 Notes 113 5 Fundamental Prototypes of Tropical Systems 115 5.1 The Laplace Shallow Fluid System 115 5.2 Upper Ocean 118 5.3 A Stratified Atmospheric Model 119 5.4 Forced and Free Solutions and the Choice of H 121 5.5 Some Remarks 123 Notes 123 6 Equatorial Waves in Simple Flows 125 6.1 Atmospheric Modes in a Constant Basic State: Constant U 125 6.2 Atmospheric Waves in Latitudinal Shear Flow: Ū = Ū(y) 144 6.3 Physics of Equatorial Trapping 146 6.4 Large-Scale Low-Latitude Ocean Modes 151 6.5 Overview 157 Notes 158 7 Waves in Longitudinally and Vertically Varying Flows 159 7.1 Horizontal and Vertical Coupling of Equatorial Modes 160 7.2 Coupled Free and Forced Solutions of the Vertical Structure Equation 163 7.3 Wave Characteristics in a Zonally Varying Basic State Ū = Ū(x) 169 7.4 Numerical Substantiation of the Analytic Ray-Tracing Results 176 7.5 Zonally Varying Basic State and the “Longwave Approximation” 181 7.6 Vertical Trapping, Accumulation, and Lateral Emanation 182 7.7 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) 183 Notes 184 8 Moist Processes and Large-Scale Tropical Dynamics 185 8.1 Convection and Large-Scale Budgets 186 8.2 Emerging Perspective on Tropical Convection 188 8.3 Comparison of Observed Waves and Waves from Theory 190 8.4 Dry and Moist Modes in the Tropics 191 8.5 Processes 193 8.6 Synthesis 201 Notes 203 9 Extratropical Influence on the Tropics 205 9.1 Lateral Wave Propagation in a Zonally Symmetric Basic State 205 9.2 Equatorial Wave Propagation in a Zonally Varying Basic State 208 9.3 Equatorward Wave Propagation in a Three-Dimensional Basic State 214 9.4 Overview 221 Notes 221 10 Tropical Influence on the Extratropics: A Zonally Averaged Perspective 223 10.1 Axisymmetric Meridional Circulation Models 223 10.2 Zonally Averaged Perspective of Meridional Circulations 225 10.3 Perspective 230 Notes 230 11 A Tropical–Extratropical Synergy 231 11.1 Mean and Transient Potential Vorticity on the 370 K Isentrope 231 11.2 Impermeability 234 11.3 Shallow Fluid Experiments 237 11.4 Recursively Breaking Rossby Waves 240 11.5 Conclusions 241 Notes 243 12 Arid and Desert Climates 245 12.1 Dynamics of Deserts 245 12.2 Radiative and Surface Fluxes 248 12.3 Diurnal Cycle of Divergence 250 12.4 Tropospheric Energy Balance 251 12.5 Nocturnal Stabilization of the Boundary Layer 251 12.6 Desert–Monsoon Relationships 255 Notes 256 13 Near-Equatorial Precipitation 257 13.1 Near-Equatorial Distributions of Precipitation 258 13.2 Dynamic Instabilities Associated with a Cross-Equatorial Pressure Gradient 262 13.3 Transient States of the Intertropical Convergence Zone 280 13.4 The Great Cloud Bands 290 13.5 Some Conclusions 298 Notes 299 14 Large-Scale, Low-Frequency Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Systems 301 14.1 The Walker Circulation 302 14.2 The Southern Oscillation, El Niño and La Niña 305 14.3 Indian Ocean Interannual Oscillations 332 Notes 342 15 Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere 345 15.1 Introduction 345 15.2 Structure of the Austral Summer ISV 345 15.3 Variability of Austral Summer ISVs 348 15.4 Mechanisms 351 15.5 Conclusions 358 Notes 358 16 Dynamics of the Large-Scale Monsoon 361 16.1 Overview 361 16.2 Theories of the Monsoon and Its Variability 364 16.3 Macroscale Structure of the Summer Monsoon 374 16.4 Macroscale Structure of the Winter Monsoon 388 16.5 Subseasonal Summer Monsoon Variability 391 16.6 Higher-Frequency Monsoon Variability 400 16.7 Some Comments 405 Notes 405 17 The Coupled Monsoon System 407 17.1 Coupled Characteristics of the Indian Ocean Region 407 17.2 Processes Determining the Indian Ocean SST 411 17.3 Do Ocean Heat Fluxes Regulate the Annual Cycle of the Monsoon? 415 17.4 Variability Within the Coupled Monsoon System 416 17.5 An Holistic View of the Monsoon System 421 Notes 428 18 The Changing Tropics 429 18.1 Tropical Warm Pool 429 18.2 Circulation Changes 438 18.3 Summary and Conclusions 442 Notes 444 19 Some Concluding Remarks 445 Notes 447 Appendix A Thermal Wind Relationship 449 Appendix B Stokes’ Theorem 451 Appendix C Dry and Moist Thermodynamical Stability 453 Appendix D Derivation of the Wave Equation (5.11) 455 Appendix E Conservation of Potential Vorticity of Shallow Water System 457 Appendix F Solutions to the Vertical Structure Equation for a Constant Lapse Rate Atmosphere 459 Appendix G Nonlinear Numerical Model 461 Appendix H Derivation of the Potential Vorticity Equation on an Extratropical β-Plane 463 Appendix I Derivation of the Barotropic Potential Vorticity Equation (13.25) with Friction and Heating 465 Appendix J Steady State Model of the Tropics 467 Appendix K Intermediate Ocean Model 469 References 471 Index 493
£125.35
John Wiley & Sons Inc Forest Growth and Yield Modeling
Book SynopsisCompletely updated and expanded new edition of this widely cited book, Modelling Forest Growth and Yield, 2nd Edition synthesizes current scientific literature, provides insights in how models are constructed, gives suggestions for future developments, and outlines keys for successful implementation of models.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Model development and validation. 1.2 Important uses. 1.3 Overview of the book. 2 Indices of competition. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Two-sided competition. 2.2.1 Distance-independent. 2.2.2 Distance-dependent. 2.3 One-sided competition. 2.3.1 Distance-independent. 2.3.2 Distance-dependent. 2.4 Limitations. 2.4.1 Low predictive power. 2.4.2 Distance-independent vs. distance-dependent. 2.4.3 Influence of sampling design. 2.5 Summary. 3 Forest site evaluation. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Phytocentric measures of site quality. 3.2.1 Site index. 3.2.2 Plant indicators. 3.2.3 Other phytocentric measures. 3.3 Geocentric measures of site productivity. 3.3.1 Physiographic measures. 3.3.2 Climatic measures. 3.3.3 Soil measures. 3.4 Summary. 4 Whole-stand and size-class models. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Whole-stand models. 4.2.1 Yield tables and equations. 4.2.2 Compatible growth and yield equations. 4.2.3 Systems of equations. 4.2.4 State-space models. 4.2.5 Transition matrix models. 4.3 Size-class models. 4.3.1 Stand table projection. 4.3.2 Matrix models. 4.3.3 Diameter-class models. 4.3.4 Cohort models. 4.4 Summary. 5 Tree-level models. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Single-tree distance-dependent models. 5.2.1 Example models. 5.3 Tree-list distance-independent models. 5.3.1 Example models. 5.4 Summary. 6 Components of tree-list models. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Diameter increment. 6.2.1 Potential diameter increment equations with multiplicative modifiers. 6.2.2 Realized diameter increment equations. 6.3 Height increment. 6.3.1 Potential height increment equations with multiplicative modifiers. 6.3.2 Realized height increment equations. 6.4 Crown recession. 6.4.1 Individual-tree crown recession models. 6.4.2 Branch-level crown recession models. 6.5 Summary. 7 Individual-tree static equations. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Total height. 7.3 Crown length. 7.4 Crown width and profile. 7.5 Stem volume and taper. 7.6 Biomass. 7.7 Use of static equations to predict missing values. 7.8 Summary. 8 Mortality. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Stand-level mortality. 8.3 Individual-tree-level mortality. 8.4 Mechanistic models of mortality. 8.5 Development and application of mortality equations. 8.6 Summary. 9 Seeding, regeneration, and recruitment. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Seeding. 9.2.1 Flowering and pollination. 9.2.2 Seed production. 9.2.3 Seed dispersal. 9.2.4 Seed germination. 9.3 Regeneration. 9.4 Recruitment. 9.4.1 Static. 9.4.2 Dynamic. 9.5 Summary. 10 Linking growth models of different resolutions. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Linked stand- and size-class models. 10.2.1 Parameter recovery. 10.2.2 Modified stand table projection. 10.3 Linked stand- and tree-models. 10.3.1 Disaggregation. 10.3.2 Constrained. 10.3.3 Combined. 10.4 Summary. 11 Modeling silvicultural treatments. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Genetic improvements. 11.2.1 Stand-level. 11.2.2 Tree-level. 11.3 Early stand treatments. 11.3.1 Stand-level. 11.3.2 Tree-level. 11.4 Thinning. 11.4.1 Stand-level. 11.4.2 Tree-level. 11.5 Fertilization. 11.5.1 Stand-level. 11.5.2 Tree-level. 11.6 Combined thinning and fertilization. 11.6.1 Stand-level. 11.6.2 Tree-level. 11.7 Harvesting. 11.7.1 Stand-level. 11.7.2 Tree-level. 11.8 Summary. 12 Process-based models. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Key physiological processes. 12.2.1 Light interception. 12.2.2 Photosynthesis. 12.2.3 Stomatal conductance. 12.2.4 Respiration. 12.2.5 Carbon allocation. 12.2.6 Soil water and nutrients. 12.3 Example models. 12.3.1 Forest-BGC. 12.3.2 CenW. 12.3.3 BALANCE. 12.4 Limitations. 12.4.1 Initialization. 12.4.2 Parameterization. 12.4.3 Scale. 12.4.4 Sensitivity. 12.5 Summary. 13 Hybrid models of forest growth and yield. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Types of hybrid models. 13.2.1 Statistical growth equations with physiologically derived covariate. 13.2.2 Statistical growth equations with physiologically derived external modifier. 13.2.3 Allometric models. 13.3 Comparison to statistical models. 13.4 Summary. 14 Model construction. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Data requirements. 14.2.1 Stem analysis. 14.2.2 Temporary plots. 14.2.3 Permanent plots. 14.3 Model form. 14.4 Parameter estimation. 14.4.1 Regression. 14.4.2 Quantile regression. 14.4.3 Generalized linear regression models. 14.4.4 Mixed models. 14.4.5 Generalized algebraic difference approach. 14.4.6 System of equations. 14.4.7 Bayesian. 14.4.8 Nonparametric. 14.4.9 Annualization. 14.5 Summary. 15 Model evaluation and calibration. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Model criticism. 15.2.1 Model form and parameterization. 15.2.2 Variable selection and model simplicity. 15.2.3 Biological realism. 15.2.4 Compatibility. 15.2.5 Reliability. 15.2.6 Adaptability. 15.3 Model benchmarking. 15.3.1 Statistical tests. 15.3.2 Model error characterization. 15.4 Model calibration. 15.5 Summary. 16 Implementation and use. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Collection of appropriate data. 16.3 Generation of appropriate data. 16.4 Temporal scale. 16.5 Spatial scale. 16.6 Computer interface. 16.7 Visualization. 16.8 Output. 16.9 Summary. 17 Future directions. 17.1 Improving predictions. 17.2 Improving input data. 17.3 Improving software. 17.4 Summary. Bibliography. Appendix 1: List of species used in the text. Appendix 2: Expanded outline for ORGANON growth and yield model. Index.
£101.66
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Functional Biology of Plants
Book SynopsisThis book provides students and researchers with a clearly written, well-structured whole plant physiology guide. Early in the text, it delivers essential information on molecular and cellular processes so readers can understand how theses processes are integrated into the development and function of the plant at whole-plant level.Trade Review"Martin Hodson and John Bryant have written the most captivating and elementary textbook on modern plant biology. It might be read from cover to cover by anyone seeking an introduction to the subject, but seems especially suited to high school, undergraduate and vocational courses." (Expl Agric, 1 January 2013) Named CHOICE Outstanding Title for 2012 “Students who are new to plant science will be quite well served, as will graduate students and others needing to develop fuller understandings and perspectives on their research. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Lower-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty.” (Choice, 1 November 2012)Table of ContentsPreface, ix Acknowledgements, x 1 Origins, 1 1.1 Plants – what are they?, 1 1.2 Back to the beginning, 1 1.3 Eukaryotes emerge, 2 1.4 Photosynthetic eukaryotes – the first 'plants', 3 1.5 The greening of Earth – plants invade the land, 4 1.6 Embracing the terrestrial lifestyle, 6 1.7 Arrival of the angiosperms, 8 1.8 Sex and the alternation of generations, 11 2 Introduction to Plant Cells, 14 2.1 Plant cells, 14 2.2 Cell walls, 15 2.3 The plasma membrane, 21 2.4 Cell compartmentation, 23 2.5 Chloroplasts, 24 2.6 Mitochondria, 27 2.7 The nucleus, 29 2.8 The vacuole, 31 2.9 Endomembrane systems, 31 2.10 Microbodies/peroxisomes, 32 2.11 Ribosomes, 34 2.12 The cytoskeleton, 34 2.13 The mitotic cell cycle, 36 2.14 Metabolism, 42 3 Genes, Gene Expression and Development, 56 3.1 Genes, 56 3.2 Gene expression, 59 3.3 Chloroplasts and mitochondria, 65 3.4 Control of gene expression – switching genes on and off, 69 3.5 Molecular aspects of development, 75 3.6 Plant hormones, 75 3.7 Light receptors, 86 3.8 Concluding comments, 92 4 From Embryo to Establishment, 94 4.1 Introduction, 94 4.2 Embryogenesis, 94 4.3 Endosperm, 99 4.4 Perisperm, 100 4.5 Late embryo growth, storage deposition and desiccation, 100 4.6 Seed coat, 109 4.7 'Recalcitrant' seeds, 109 4.8 Apomixis, 109 4.9 Seeds and fruit, 110 4.10 Fruit development and ripening, 112 4.11 Dormancy and quiescence, 114 4.12 Germination, 115 4.13 Establishment, 120 5 Roots, 124 5.1 External morphology of roots, 124 5.2 Root anatomy, 124 5.3 Root growth, 126 5.4 Soil chemistry and water relations, 130 5.5 Plant mineral nutrition, 132 5.6 Movement of nutrients to the root surface, 133 5.7 Absorption of water and nutrients, 133 5.8 Mycorrhizae, 139 5.9 Root nodules and nitrogen fixation, 139 5.10 Tropisms, 142 5.11 Gravitropism in roots, 143 6 Stems, 145 6.1 Structure of the stem, 145 6.2 The young stem, 145 6.3 The shoot apical meristem, 146 6.4 Shoot organizational forms, 148 6.5 The mature stem, 148 6.6 The tallest, largest and oldest plants, 151 6.7 Ageing and senescence, 152 6.8 Long-distance xylem transport, 154 6.9 Translocation in the phloem, 155 6.10 Biological clocks in plants, 157 6.11 Phototropism – how do stems curve towards the light?, 160 6.12 Gravitropism in stems, 160 6.13 Thigmotropism, 161 6.14 Nastic movements, 161 6.15 Bud dormancy, 163 7 Leaves, 166 7.1 External morphology of leaves, 166 7.2 The anatomy of the leaf, 166 7.3 Control of leaf growth and development, 167 7.4 Photosynthesis, 168 7.5 Photorespiration, 174 7.6 The photosynthesis/transpiration dilemma, 177 7.7 C4 photosynthesis, 178 7.8 Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), 181 7.9 Sources and sinks, 182 7.10 Stomata, 184 7.11 Leaf senescence and abscission, 186 8 Flowers, 189 8.1 Introduction, 189 8.2 What is a flower?, 189 8.3 Organization of flowers and flowering – inflorescences and life-styles, 191 8.4 Formation of flowers, 192 8.5 Gametogenesis, 198 8.6 Pollination and fertilization, 204 8.7 Evolution, 214 9 Environmental Stresses, 216 9.1 Responses to stress, 216 9.2 Temperature, 217 9.3 Waterlogging, 221 9.4 Drought, 223 9.5 Salinity, 226 9.6 Chemical stress, 228 9.7 Light and radiation, 232 10 Acclimation and Adaptation to Environmental Stresses, 235 10.1 Adaptation and acclimation responses, 235 10.2 Temperature, 236 10.3 Resistance and adaptation to waterlogging, 240 10.4 Resistance and adaptation to drought, 243 10.5 Resistance and adaptation to salinity, 247 10.6 Tolerance and adaptation to toxic metals, 252 10.7 Adaptations to light and radiation, 256 11 Biotic Stresses, 260 11.1 Plant/plant competition, 260 11.2 Plant/animal interactions, 265 11.3 Plant pathology, 271 12 Plants and the Future, 284 12.1 Climate change, 284 12.2 Loss of plant biodiversity, 288 12.3 Biomass and biofuels derived from plants, 291 12.4 Genetically modified crops, 297 12.5 Conclusion, 300 Glossary, 302 Index, 309
£74.05
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Hydrology
Book SynopsisGroundwater is a vital source of water throughout the world. As the number of groundwater investigations increase, it is important to understand how to develop comprehensive quantified conceptual models and appreciate the basis of analytical solutions or numerical methods of modelling groundwater flow. Groundwater Hydrology: Conceptual and Computational Models describes advances in both conceptual and numerical modelling. It gives insights into the interpretation of field information, the development of conceptual models, the use of computational models based on analytical and numerical techniques, the assessment of the adequacy of models, and the use of computational models for predictive purposes. It focuses on the study of groundwater flow problems and a thorough analysis of real practical field case studies. It is divided into three parts: * Part I deals with the basic principles, including a summary of mathematical descriptions of groundwater flow, recharge estimTrade Review"...well written and structured...a comprehensive and thorough reference source...highly recommended for anyone in the business..." (Circulation - N'ltr of British Hydrological Soc, Feb 2004) "...delighted to have this book on my shelf and it is already becoming well thumbed...no hesitation in recommending it..." (Geoscientist, May 2004) "The information and techniques presented in this book provide illuminating guidelines and application directions for practicing hydrogeologists, geohydrologists and water resource engineers." (Hydrological Sciences Journal, Feb 2005, Vol 50 (1))Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES. 2. Background to Groundwater Flow. 3. Recharge due to Precipitation or Irrigation. 4. Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater. PART II: RADIAL FLOW. 5. Radial Flow to Pumped Boreholes – Fundamental Issues. 6. Large Diameter Wells. 7. Radial Flow where Vertical Components of Flow are Significant. 8. Practical Issues of Interpretation and Assessing Resources. PART III: REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW. 9. Regional Groundwater Studies in which Transmissivity is Effectively Constant. 10. Regional Groundwater Flow in Multi-Aquifer Systems. 11. Regional Groundwater Flow with Hydraulic Conductivity Varying with Saturated Thickness. 12. Numerical Modelling Insights. Appendix: Computer Program for Two-zone Model. List of Symbols. References. Index.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Physiology and Behaviour of Plants
Book SynopsisPhysiology and Behaviour of Plants looks at plants and how they sense and respond to their environment. It takes the traditional plant physiology book into a new dimension by demonstrating how the biochemical observations underlie the behaviour of the plant.Trade Review"This book, with Scott's enthusiasm and clear writing style, offers a refreshing approach to introductory plant biology. Recommended." (CHOICE, March 2009) “Author Peter Scott's approach is to present basic concepts of plant physiology and development in an enthusiastic and engaging manner. Hence, he tries to use his passion for his subject to be an effective teacher, and his enthusiasm is evident throughout the book. One of the clear strengths of this book are the high quality color diagrams. I enjoyed reading … and came away with good ideas for new approaches to teaching topics in plant biology. The book could be useful in a number of courses in botany and plant biology at the freshman and sophomore level.” (Plant Science Bulletin, Winter 2008)Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introducing Plants. Introduction. The beginning: the evolution of plants and the major divisions. Conquering the land. The evolution of lignin. Plants and mass extinction. Floristic kingdoms, Biogeography and Biomes. What makes a plant? Structure of the whole plant. Structure of the plant cell. The chloroplast. The vacuole. Microbodies. The cell wall. Plasmodesmata. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 2 Photosynthesis the ultimate in autotrophy. Introduction. Light harvesting . Leaf form. Chlorophyll and the chloroplast. Converting light energy into chemical energy. The Calvin cycle. Photorespiration. Carbohydrate synthesis and storage. The fate of carbon fixed during photosynthesis. The efficiency of photosynthesis. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 3 Nonphotosynthetic metabolism. Introduction. Phloem transport. Structure of the phloem. Coping with damage to the phloem. The sink tissues. Sink regulation of photosynthesis. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 4 Roots and the uptake of water. Introduction. Types of root. Functions of roots. Structure of roots. Osmosis. Loading and movement in the xylem. Stomata. References. Figure legends. Chapter 5 Mineral nutrition of plants. Introduction. Soil structure and mineral ions. General ion uptake. Phosphorus uptake and assimilation. Nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Iron uptake and assimilation. Sulphur uptake and assimilation. Function and effects of deficiencies of mineral ions on plants. Major elements. Minor elements. References. Figure legends. Chapter 6 Mycorrhizal Associations and Saprophytic Nutrition. Introduction. Mycorrhizal associations. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal associations. Orchidaceous mycorrhizal associations. Ectomycorrhiza. Ericaceous mycorrhiza. Ectendomycorrhiza. Development of the mycorrhizal association. The role of the mycorrhizal association. Saprophytic nutrition. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 7 Parasitic plants. Introduction. Establishing a parasitic relationship. Facultative parasitic plants. Obligate parasitic plants, hemi-parasites. Obligate parasitic plants, holo-parasites. Parasitic species other than the dicotyledons. References. Tables. Figure Legends. Chapter 8 Carnivorous Plants. Introduction. Carnivory: the search for a definition. Why have some plants turned to carnivory? Bladderworts (genus Utricularia). Sundews (genus Drosera). References. Background general reading. Figure Legends. Chapter 9 Asexual and Sexual Reproduction. Introduction. Asexual Reproduction. Roots. Stems. Leaves. Apomixis. Sexual Reproduction. Wind based pollination. Insect based pollination. Pollination. Mechanisms for improving cross fertilisation. Self incompatibility mechanisms. Trifolium repens Apple (Malus). Papaver rhoeas. Petunia hybrida. Petunia inflata. Seed development. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 10 Plant growth. Introduction. Types of growth. Cell division and the cell cycle. Polyploidy in plants. Seed formation and germination. The dividing meristem. Flower development. Vascular cambium and secondary growth. Intercalary meristem. Cell death. Plant growth regulators and cell growth. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 11 Plant Movement. Introduction. Tropism and nastic movements. Tropic movements. Nastic movements. Circumnutation. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 12 Plants and stress. Introduction. Adaptations to drought stress. Crassulacean acid metabolism. C4 photosynthesis. Resurrection plants. Salt stress. Flooding stress and anoxia. Cold stress. Adaptations to heat stress. References. Chapter 13 Plant senses and perceiving the world. Introduction. Sensing light (sight). Protochlorophyllide. Phytochromes. Cryptochrome. Sensing time. Circadian clock. Photoperiodism. Sensing touch (feeling). Sensing chemicals (taste). Communicating (smell). Sensing sounds (hearing). References. Table 1. Ratios of red to far-red light in different environments. The data is based on that reported by Hopkins (1999). Figure Legends.. Chapter 14 Seed dispersal, dormancy and germination. Introduction. Seed dispersal. Gravity-mediated dispersal. Wind-mediated dispersal. Water-mediated dispersal. Animal-mediated dispersal. Importance of post-dispersal mechanisms. Dormancy and germination. Recalcitrant seeds. Dormant seeds. Factors governing dormancy and germination. Presence of germination inhibitors. Presence of inhibitory tissues. Presence of germination promoters. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 15 Interactions with the Animal Kingdom. Introduction. Animal mediated pollination. Mimicry in plants. Batesian mimicry. Müllerian mimicry. Aggressive mimicry. Seed dispersal and food reserves: the role of humans. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 16 Plant defences. Introduction. Physical defence structures. The cuticle. The cell wall. The cell wall as a passive barrier. The cell wall as an active barrier. Poisons by injection or touch. Chemical defences. Terpenes. Nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Cyanogenic glycosides. Glycosinolates. Lectins. Alkaloids. Defence reactions and signal pathways. Jasmonic acid. Salicylic acid. Systemin. Phytoalexins. Allelopathy. Recognising self. Mimicry and the enrolment of other organisms for protection. References. Figure Legends. Chapter 17 Plants and Medicines. Introduction. Doctrine of signatures. Viper’s bugloss (Echium vulgare). Ethnobotany. The origins of aspirin. The origins of antimalarial drugs. St John’s Wort (Hypericum spp.). Natural alternatives to Viagra. Natural treatments for AIDS. A cure for certain cancers. Sustainable development of medicines from plants. References. Figure legends. Chapter 18 Plant Tissue Culture and the Rise of Plant Biotechnology. Introduction. The development of plant tissue culture media. Components of the medium. Major elements. Minor elements. Carbohydrates. Vitamins. Plant growth regulators. Tissue culture sterility. Types of plant tissue culture. Applications of plant tissue culture. References. Figure legends.. Chapter 19 Remarkable Plants. Introduction. Insect mimicry in the Orchidaceae. The Venus Flytrap. The oldest and biggest plants in the world. Tallest plants. Cycads. Welwitschia mirabilis and Ephedra viridis. The Castor bean plant. Garlic. Theobroma cacao. Wheat and agriculture. References. Figure legends. Index.
£138.56
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 34
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant breeding and genetics covering horticultural, agronomic and forestry crops, incorporating both traditional and molecular methods. The contributions are authored by world authorities, anonymously reviewed, and edited by Professor Jules Janick of Purdue University, USA. The series is an indispensible resource for crop breeders, plant scientists, and teachers involved in crop improvement and genetic resources.Table of ContentsContributors. 1. Dedication: Kenneth J. Frey: Oat Breeder, Educator, and Champion of Plant Breeding (Ann Marie Thro and Larry Robertson). I. Introduction. II. Early Life and Career Beginnings. III. Research. IV. Graduate Educator. V. Champion of Plant Breeding: The National Plant Breeding Study. VI. The Man. VII. Awards and Honors. VIII. Epilogue. Literature Cited. Selected Publications of Kenneth J. Frey. 2. Strategies for Enhancing Grain Yield in Maize (M. Tollenaar and E. A. Lee). I. A Historical Perspective. II. Opportunities for Future Yield Improvement. III. Plant Density. IV. Improvement in Resource-Use Efficiency. V. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 3. Quality Protein Maize: Progress and Prospects (G. N. Atlin, N. Palacios, R. Babu, B. Das, S. Twumasi-Afriyie, D. K. Friesen, H. De Groote, B. Vivek, and K. V. Pixley). I. Introduction. II. Quality Protein Maize: A Complex Genetic and Biochemical System. III. Human Nutritional Benefits of QPM. IV. QPM a s Livestock Feed. V. Progress in the Development of QPM Hybrids and Synthetics. VI. Release and Adoption of QPM Cultivars. VII. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 4. Vegetative Phase Change in Maize: Biotic Resistance and Agronomic Performance (M. A. Chandler, E. S. Riedeman, and W. F. Tracy). I. Introduction. II. Vegetative Phase Change and Biotic Resistance in Maize. III. Vegetative Phase Change and Agronomic Performance in Maize. IV. Vegetative Phase Change and Pest Resistance on Other Plant Species. V. Summary and Conclusions. Literature Cited. 5. Plant Interspecific Hybridization: Outcomes and Issues at the Intersection of Species (Ed R. Morgan, Gail M. Timmerman-Vaughan, Anthony J. Conner, William B. Griffin, and Richard Pickering). I. Introduction. II. Species and Hybrids. III. Protocols for Hybridization. IV. Outcomes of Hybridization. V. Genomic and Gene Expression Consequences of Interspecific Hybridization. VI. Verification of Hybrids. VII. Estimating Donor Parental DNA Content in Progeny From Hybrids. VIII. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 6. DNA-Based Identification of Clonally Propagated Cultivars (Hilde Nybom and Kurt Weising). I. Introduction. II. Molecular Methods. III. Choice of Method. IV. Applications. V. Conclusions and Future Outlooks. Literature Cited. 7. Designing Marker-Assisted Inbred Line Development Strategies Using Computer Simulation (Guoyou Ye and M. van Ginkel). I. Introduction. II. Requirements for Modeling Breeding Program. III. Recent Development in Genetic Mapping. IV. investigating the Effectiveness of MAS Strategies. V. Examples to Demonstrate the Design of MAS Strategies. VI. Prospects. VII. Conclusion. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£214.16
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Seed Genomics
Book SynopsisThis up-to-date review of seed genomics, from basic seed biology to practical applications in crop science, provides a thorough background understanding of seed biology from a basic science perspective.Table of ContentsContributors xi Introduction 1 Philip W. Becraft Chapter 1 Large-Scale Mutant Analysis of Seed Development in Arabidopsis 5 David W. Meinke Introduction 5 Historical Perspective 5 Arabidopsis Embryo Mutant System 7 Large-Scale Forward Genetic Screens for Seed Mutants 7 Approaches to Mutant Analysis 8 Strategies for Approaching Saturation 10 SeedGenes Database of Essential Genes in Arabidopsis 11 Embryo Mutants with Gametophyte Defects 13 General Features of EMB Genes in Arabidopsis 14 Value of Large Datasets of Essential Genes 15 Directions for Future Research 16 Acknowledgments 17 References 17 Chapter 2 Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis: Signaling, Genes, and the Control of Identity 21 D. L. C. Kumari Fonseka, Xiyan Yang, Anna Mudge, Jennifer F. Topping, and Keith Lindsey Introduction 21 Cellular Events 21 Genes and Signaling – the Global Picture 23 Coordination of Genes and Cellular Processes: a Role for Hormones 25 Genes and Pattern 30 Conclusion and Future Directions 36 References 36 Chapter 3 Endosperm Development 43 Odd-Arne Olsen and Philip W. Becraft Introduction 43 Overview of Endosperm Structure and Development 43 Endosperm Cell Fate Specification and Differentiation 48 Genomic Resources 53 Transcriptional Profiling of Endosperm Development 54 Gene Imprinting in Cereal Endosperm 56 Conclusion 57 Acknowledgments 58 References 58 Chapter 4 Epigenetic Control of Seed Gene Imprinting 63 Christian A. Ibarra, Jennifer M. Frost, Juhyun Shin, Tzung-Fu Hsieh, and Robert L. Fischer Introduction 63 Genomic Imprinting and Parental Conflict Theory 63 Epigenetic Regulators of Arabidopsis Imprinting 65 Mechanisms Establishing Arabidopsis Gene Imprinting 69 Imprinting in the Embryo 74 Imprinting in Monocots 75 Evolution of Plant Imprinting 77 Conclusion 78 Acknowledgments 78 References 78 Chapter 5 Apomixis 83 Anna M. G. Koltunow, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Imran Siddiqi Introduction 83 Biology of Apomixis in Natural Systems 84 Phylogenetic and Geographical Distribution of Apomixis 89 Inheritance of Apomixis 90 Genetic Diversity in Natural Apomictic Populations 93 Molecular Relationships between Sexual and Apomictic Pathways 94 Features of Chromosomes Carrying Apomixis Loci and Implications for Regulation of Apomixis 95 Genes Associated with Apomixis 96 Transferring Apomixis to Sexual Plants: Clues from Apomicts 97 Synthetic Approach to Building Apomixis 98 Synthetic Clonal Seed Formation 102 Conclusion and Future Prospects 103 References 103 Chapter 6 High-Throughput Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy 111 Jose M. Barrero, Colin Cavanagh, and Frank Gubler Introduction 111 Profiling of Transcriptomic Changes 113 Use of New Sequencing Platforms and Associated Techniques to Study Seed Dormancy 114 Visualization Tools 116 Coexpression Studies and Systems Biology Approaches 116 Mapping Populations for Gene Discovery 117 Perspective 118 Acknowledgments 119 References 119 Chapter 7 Genomic Specification of Starch Biosynthesis in Maize Endosperm 123 Tracie A. Hennen-Bierwagen and Alan M. Myers Introduction 123 Overview of Starch Biosynthetic Pathway 124 Genomic Specification of Endosperm Starch Biosynthesis in Maize 126 Conclusion 134 References 134 Chapter 8 Evolution, Structure, and Function of Prolamin Storage Proteins 139 David Holding and Joachim Messing Introduction 139 Prolamin Multigene Families 139 Endosperm Texture and Storage of Prolamins 143 Conclusion 154 References 154 Chapter 9 Improving Grain Quality: Wheat 159 Peter R. Shewry Introduction 159 Grain Structure and Composition 159 End Use Quality 161 Redesigning the Grain 163 Manipulation of Grain Protein Content and Quality 163 Manipulation of Grain Texture 167 Development of Wheat with Resistant Starch 168 Improving Content and Composition of Dietary Fiber 169 Wheat Grain Cell Walls 169 Conclusion 173 Acknowledgments 173 References 173 Chapter 10 Legume Seed Genomics: How to Respond to the Challenges and Potential of a Key Plant Family? 179 Mélanie Noguero, Karine Gallardo, Jérôme Verdier, Christine Le Signor, Judith Burstin, and Richard Thompson Introduction 179 Development of Genomics Tools 180 Applications of Genomics Tools to Legume Seed Biology 185 Future Challenges 192 References 193 Chapter 11 Cotton Fiber Genomics 203 Xueying Guan and Z. Jeffrey Chen Introduction 203 Cotton Fiber Development 204 Roles for Transcription Factors in Development of Arabidopsis Leaf Trichomes, Seed Hairs, and Cotton Fibers 204 Fiber Cell Expansion through Cell Wall Biosynthesis 208 Regulation of Phytohormones during Cotton Fiber Development 209 Cotton Fiber Genes in Diploid and Tetraploid Cotton 210 Roles for Small RNAs in Cotton Fiber Development 211 Conclusion 212 References 213 Chapter 12 Genomic Changes in Response to 110 Cycles of Selection for Seed Protein and Oil Concentration in Maize 217 Christine J. Lucas, Han Zhao, Martha Schneerman, and Stephen P. Moose Introduction 217 Background on the Illinois Long-Term Selection Experiment 217 Phenotypic Responses to Selection 219 Additional Traits Affected by Selection 220 Unlimited Genetic Variation? 221 Genetic Response to Selection: QTL Mapping in the Crosses of IHP x ILP and IHO x ILO 222 New Mapping Population: Illinois Protein Strain Recombinant Inbreds 223 Characterization of Zein Genes and Their Expression in Illinois Protein Strains 225 Contribution of Zein Regulatory Factor Opaque2 to Observed Responses to Selection in Illinois Protein Strains 227 Major Effect QTL May Explain IRHP Phenotype 228 Zein Promoter-Reporter Lines to Investigate Regulation of 22-kDa α-Zein Gene Expression in Illinois Protein Strains 229 Regulatory Changes in FL2-mRFP Expression When Crossed to Illinois Protein Strains 230 Regulation of FL2-mRFP 232 Acknowledgments 233 References 234 Chapter 13 Machine Vision for Seed Phenomics 237 Jeffery L. Gustin and A. Mark Settles Introduction 237 High-Energy Imaging: X-ray Tomography and Fluorescence 238 Optical Imaging: Visible Spectrum 240 Resonance Absorption: Infrared Spectrum 242 Resonance Emission: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 245 Conclusion 246 Acknowledgments 246 References 246 Color plate section found between pages 42 and 43. Index 253
£166.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Bioenergy Feedstocks
Book SynopsisBioenergy Feedstocks: Breeding and Genetics is a timely collection of the latest advances from large scale research efforts on the breeding and genetic improvement of a number of key crops that show excellent potential as sources of biomass.Trade Review“While some of the more in depth sections about the analysis of DNA sequences and plant proteins may be beyond the requirements of casual readers and feedstock producers, there is much here which is relevant to increasing yields and comparing production techniques, making it a useful reference for anyone seriously involved in the production of bioenergy crops, particularly agronomists and advisors.” (BioenergyWeekly, 15 July 2013) Table of ContentsThe Editors xi List of Contributors xiii Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Development 2 1.2 Cultivar Development 2 1.3 Breeding Approach 3 1.4 Molecular Tools 3 1.5 Future Outlook 4 References 4 2 Switchgrass Genetics and Breeding Challenges 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Origin and Distribution 9 2.3 Growth and Development, Genome Structure and Cytogenetics 9 2.3.1 Growth and Development 10 2.3.2 Genome Structure and Cytogenetics 12 2.4 Genetic Diversity 12 2.5 Phenotypic Variability and Inheritance 13 2.6 Conventional Breeding Approaches 14 2.6.1 Early Work 15 2.6.2 Systematic Recurrent Selection 15 2.6.3 Heterosis 17 2.7 Molecular Breeding 18 2.7.1 Molecular Markers Used for Switchgrass and Other Polyploids 18 2.7.2 Molecular Mapping 20 2.7.3 Association Mapping 22 2.7.4 Transgenic Approaches 23 2.8 Conclusions and Future Directions 23 References 24 3 Switchgrass Genomics 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Genome Sequencing 34 3.2.1 Other Available Sequence Resources 35 3.3 Analysis of Expressed Sequences in Switchgrass 36 3.4 Linkage Mapping 40 3.5 Cytoplasmic Genome 42 3.6 Genome-enabled Improvement of Switchgrass 42 3.7 Conclusions 45 References 45 4 Germplasm Resources of Miscanthus and Their Application in Breeding 49 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Species Belonging to Miscanthus Genus, Their Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Relationships 50 4.2.1 Section: Eumiscanthus 50 4.2.2 Section: Triarrhena 53 4.2.3 Section: Kariyasu 54 4.3 Natural Hybrids between Miscanthus Species 55 4.4 Karyotype Analysis 55 4.5 Phylogenetic Relationships between Miscanthus Species 56 4.6 Genetic Improvement of Miscanthus 57 4.6.1 Germplasm Collection and Management 57 4.6.2 Artificial Hybridization 57 4.6.3 Polyploidization 58 4.7 Variations in Several Agronomical Traits Related to Yield and Plant Performance 58 4.7.1 Variation in Flowering Time 58 4.7.2 Variation in Cold Tolerance 58 4.7.3 Variation in Lignin, Cellulose, and Mineral Content 59 4.8 Molecular Resources 60 4.8.1 Development of Linkage Map for Miscanthus 60 4.8.2 QTL Analysis of Traits Related to Yield and Mineral Content 60 4.8.3 Molecular Markers for Hybrids Identification 61 4.9 Transgenic Miscanthus 61 4.10 Future Studies 62 References 62 5 Breeding Miscanthus for Bioenergy 67 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 Miscanthus as a Biomass Crop 67 5.3 Breeding Strategy 68 5.3.1 Collection and Characterization 68 5.3.2 Hybridization 68 5.3.3 Ex Situ Phenotypic Characterization 69 5.3.4 Large-scale Demonstration Trials 69 5.4 Genetic Diversity 69 5.5 Breeding Targets 70 5.5.1 Biomass Yield 70 5.5.2 Morphological Traits Contributing to High Yield Potential 75 5.5.3 Seed Propagation: Crop Diversification and Reducing the Cost of Establishment 77 5.6 Incorporating Bioinformatics, Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS), and Genome-Wide Association Selection (GWAS) 77 5.7 Summary 78 Acknowledgments 79 References 79 6 Breeding Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop 83 6.1 Introduction 83 6.2 Botanical Description and Evolution 84 6.2.1 Basic Characteristics 84 6.2.2 Evolution and Distribution 85 6.3 Traditional Breeding and Development 86 6.3.1 Initial Sorghum Improvement 86 6.3.2 Development of Hybrid Sorghum and Heterosis 86 6.3.3 Current Sorghum Breeding Approaches 88 6.3.4 Germplasm Resources 88 6.4 Approaches to Breeding Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop 90 6.4.1 Grain Sorghum 90 6.4.2 Sweet Sorghum 90 6.4.3 Biomass Sorghum 93 6.5 Composition in Energy Sorghum Breeding 93 6.6 Genetic Variation and Inheritance 95 6.6.1 Grain Sorghum 95 6.6.2 Grain Quality/Starch Composition 96 6.6.3 Dual Purpose—Grain and Stalk 97 6.6.4 Soluble Carbohydrates 97 6.6.5 Breeding for Stress Tolerance 99 6.7 Wide Hybridization 106 6.7.1 Interspecific Hybridization 106 6.7.2 Intergeneric Hybridization 107 6.8 Conclusions 107 References 107 7 Energy Cane 117 7.1 Introduction 117 7.2 Sugar and Energy Production Systems 118 7.2.1 Current Global Sugarcane Production 118 7.2.2 Bioenergy Production from Sugarcane in Brazil 120 7.2.3 Overview of Main Components in Existing Sugarcane Production Systems 120 7.2.4 Overview and Potential Trends 123 7.3 Sugarcane Improvement 124 7.3.1 Taxonomy and Crop Physiology 124 7.3.2 History of Sugarcane Breeding 127 7.3.3 Basic Features of Sugarcane Breeding Programs 128 7.3.4 Composition of Cane for Sugar or Energy Production 130 7.3.5 Application of Molecular Genetics in Developing Energy Cane 131 7.4 Selection of Sugarcane Genotypes for Energy Production 134 7.4.1 Overall Directions 134 7.4.2 Example of Economic Weightings for Selecting Sugarcane for Energy Products 136 7.4.3 Progress in Breeding for Energy Production 138 7.5 Conclusion 141 Acknowledgments 141 References 141 8 Breeding Maize for Lignocellulosic Biofuel Production 151 8.1 Introduction 151 8.2 General Attributes of Maize as a Biofuel Crop 151 8.3 Potential Uses of Maize Stover for Bioenergy 153 8.4 Breeding Maize for Biofuels 154 8.4.1 Selection Criteria 154 8.4.2 Stover Yield 157 8.4.3 Maximum Biomass Yield and the Effects of Time and Latitude 159 8.4.4 Stover Quality 161 8.4.5 Sustainability Parameters 163 8.4.6 Breeding Methods 164 8.5 Single Genes and Transgenes 165 8.6 Future Outlook 167 References 167 9 Underutilized Grasses 173 9.1 Introduction 173 9.2 Prairie Cordgrass 174 9.2.1 Importance 174 9.2.2 Genetic Variation and Breeding Methods 176 9.2.3 Future Goals 180 9.3 Bluestems 181 9.3.1 Importance 181 9.3.2 Genetic Variation and Breeding Methods 184 9.3.3 Future Goals 190 9.4 Eastern Gamagrass 191 9.4.1 Importance 191 9.4.2 Genetic Variation and Breeding Methods 192 9.4.3 Future Goals 196 References 197 10 Alfalfa as a Bioenergy Crop 207 10.1 Introduction 207 10.2 Biomass for Biofuels 208 10.2.1 Lignocellulose-based Biofuels 208 10.2.2 Plant Cell Wall Components 209 10.3 Why Alfalfa? 211 10.3.1 Background 211 10.3.2 Prospect as a Biofuel Feedstock 212 10.4 Breeding Strategies 213 10.4.1 Germplasm Resources 213 10.4.2 Cultivar Development 214 10.4.3 Synthetic Cultivars and Heterosis 214 10.4.4 Molecular Breeding 215 10.4.5 Trait Integration Through Biotechnology 216 10.5 Breeding Targets 217 10.5.1 Biomass Yield 217 10.5.2 Forage Quality and Composition 218 10.5.3 Stress Tolerance 219 10.5.4 Winter Hardiness 220 10.6 Management and Production Inputs 221 10.7 Processing for Biofuels 222 10.8 Additional Value from Alfalfa Production 223 10.8.1 Environmental Benefits 223 10.8.2 Alfalfa Co-products 223 10.9 Summary 223 Acknowledgments 224 References 224 11 Transgenics for Biomass 233 11.1 Introduction 233 11.1.1 Biomass for Biofuels 233 11.1.2 Biofuels 234 11.1.3 Lignocellulosic Biomass 234 11.2 Transgenic Approaches 235 11.2.1 Biolistics Transformation 235 11.2.2 Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation 236 11.3 Transgenic Approaches for Biomass Improvement 237 11.3.1 Improving Biomass Yield 237 11.3.2 Modifying Biomass Composition 240 11.3.3 Regulatory Issues of Transgenic Bioenergy Crops 242 11.4 Summary 242 Acknowledgments 242 References 243 12 Endophytes in Low-input Agriculture and Plant Biomass Production 249 12.1 Introduction 249 12.2 What are Endophytes? 249 12.3 Endophytes of Cool Season Grasses 251 12.4 Endophytes of Warm Season Grasses 251 12.5 Endophytes of Woody Angiosperms 253 12.6 Other Fungal Endophytes 253 12.7 Endophytes in Biomass Crop Production 254 12.8 The Use of Fungal Endophytes in Bioenergy Crop Production Systems 256 12.9 Endophyte Consortia 256 12.10 Source of Novel Compounds 257 12.11 Endophyte in Genetic Engineering of Host Plants 258 12.12 Conclusions 258 Acknowledgments 259 References 259 Index 267
£166.46
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Root Genomics and Soil Interactions
Book SynopsisFully integrated and comprehensive in its coverage, Root Genomics and Soil Interactions examines the use of genome-based technologies to understand root development and adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses and changes in the soil environment.Table of ContentsContributors ix Preface xv Chapter 1 Genomics of Root Development 3Boris Parizot and Tom Beeckman Introduction 3 Genomics of LRI 7 Rise of New Technologies to Understand Lateral Root Development 19 ComparativOmics, the Future 20 Acknowledgments 21 References 21 Chapter 2 The Complex Eukaryotic Transcriptome: Nonprotein-Coding RNAs and Root Development 29F. Ariel, A.B. Moreno, F. Bardou, and M. Crespi Genomic Approaches Reveal Novel Aspects of the Eukaryotic Transcriptome 29 The Role of RNA-Binding Proteins in npcRNA Metabolism and Activity 34 Nonprotein-Coding RNAs in Root Development 38 Future Perspectives 42 Acknowledgments 42 References 42 Chapter 3 Genomics of Auxin Action in Roots 49Elisabeth L. Williams and Ive De Smet Introduction 49 The Basis of Auxin Biology 49 Auxin Genomics in Root Development 55 Auxin and Root Hair Development 56 Auxin in Gravitropism 57 Auxin in LR Initiation 57 Conclusion 58 Acknowledgments 58 References 58 Chapter 4 Cell-Type Resolution Analysis of Root Development and Environmental Responses 63Jose R. Dinneny Introduction 63 Tools for Cell-Type Resolution Analysis 64 Analysis of Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns in the Arabidopsis Root 69 Analysis of Cell-Type-Specific Expression Patterns in the Rice Root 70 Cell-Type-Specific Analysis of Auxin 71 Cell-Type-Specific Analyses of Chromatin 71 Cell-Type-Specific Analyses of Responses to Environmental Change 72 Future Prospects 76 Acknowledgments 76 References 77 Chapter 5 Toward a Virtual Root: Interaction of Genomics and Modeling to Develop Predictive Biology Approaches 79Julien Lavenus, Leah Band, Alistair Middleton, Michael Wilson, Mikael Lucas, Laurent Laplaze, and Malcolm Bennett Assembling Root Gene Regulatory Pathways Using Genomics 79 Modeling Well-Characterized Small Root Gene Regulatory Networks 81 Building New Large-Scale Root Gene Regulatory Network 84 Multi-Scale Modeling Approaches to Study Root Growth and Development 88 Conclusions and Future Challenges 89 References 91 Chapter 6 Genomics of Root Hairs 93Hyung-Taeg Cho Genomics with Single Cells 93 Root Hair Development 94 High-Throughput Approaches for the Characterization of Root Hairs 95 Functions of Root Hair-Specific Genes 103 The Regulatory Pathway for Root Hair-Specific Genes 110 Perspective 111 Acknowledgments 111 References 112 Chapter 7 The Effects of Moisture Extremes on Plant Roots and Their Connections with Other Abiotic Stresses 117Laura M. Vaughn and Henry T. Nguyen Introduction 117 Low Water Availability—Drought 118 Excess Water—Soil Waterlogging, Flooding, and Submergence 128 Common Plant Root Responses to Abiotic Stressors 135 Continuing Challenges in Breeding for Plant Root Systems Tolerant to Abiotic Stress 137 Acknowledgments 138 References 138 Chapter 8 Legume Roots and Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiotic Interactions 145Philippe Laporte, Andreas Niebel, and Florian Frugier Genetic Dissection of the Legume Root System 145 Functional Genomic Analyses of Legume Nodules and Roots 155 Concluding Remarks 161 Acknowledgments 162 References 162 Chapter 9 What the Genomics of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Teaches Us about Root Development 171Damien Formey, Cyril Jourda, Christophe Roux, and Pierre-Marc Delaux Forward and Reverse Genetics for Identifying Myc Mutants 172 Comparative Transcriptomics of AM Symbiosis: Toward Identification of Genes Involved in Root Development 175 Small RNAs in AM Symbiosis 181 Acknowledgments 183 References 183 Chapter 10 How Pathogens Affect Root Structure 189Michael Quentin, Tarek Hewezi, Isabelle Damiani, Pierre Abad, Thomas Baum, and Bruno Favery Introduction 189 Root Infection and Feeding Cell Ontogenesis 190 Genome-Wide Analysis of the Plant Response to Infection 192 The Plant Cytoskeleton Is Targeted by Root Pathogens 193 Root Pathogens Hijack Cell Cycle Regulators 194 Severe Cell Wall Remodeling Is Associated with Feeding Site Formation 195 Phytohormones Regulating Development and Defense May Control Feeding Site Formation 196 Role of miRNAs in Feeding Site Formation and Function 198 Nematode Effectors That Alter Root Cell Development during Parasitism 200 Conclusion 203 Acknowledgments 204 References 204 Chapter 11 Genomics of the Root—Actinorhizal Symbiosis 211Valerie Hocher, Nicole Alloisio, Laurent Laplaze, Didier Bogusz, and Philippe Normand Introduction 211 Actinorhizal Symbiosis 212 Development of Actinorhizal Nodules 214 Genomic Resources for Studying Actinorhizal Symbiosis 217 What Did We Learn from Actinorhizal Genomics? 220 Conclusion and Future Directions 222 Acknowledgments 222 References 223 Chapter 12 Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Root Architecture 227Thais L.G. Carvalho, Paulo C.G. Ferreira, and Adriana S. Hemerly Introduction 227 Different Root Niches for PGPR Colonization 228 PGPR Recognition by Plants 229 Modulation of Root Growth and Architecture by PGPRs 232 Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promotion by PGPRs 234 Plant Genetic Programs Controlling Modulation of Root Growth and Architecture by PGPRs 240 Conclusions 241 Acknowledgments 242 References 242 Chapter 13 Translational Root Genomics for Crop Improvement 249Reyazul Rouf Mir, Mahendar Thudi, Siva K. Chamarthi, L. Krishnamurthy, Pooran M. Gaur, and Rajeev K. Varshney Introduction 249 Molecular Dissection of Root Trait 258 Molecular Breeding for Root Traits 259 Summary and Outlook 260 Acknowledgments 260 References 260 Index 265
£171.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Biofuel Crop Sustainability
Book SynopsisBiofuel Crop Sustainability brings together the basic principles of agricultural sustainability and special stipulations for biofuels, from the economic and ecological opportunities and challenges of sustainable biofuel crop production to the unique characteristics of particular crops which make them ideal for biofuel applications.Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi 1 Biofuel Crop Sustainability Paradigm 3B.P. Singh 2 Sustainable Production of Grain Crops for Biofuels 31A.A. Jaradat 3 Sugarcane as an Energy Crop: Its Role in Biomass Economy 53R. van Antwerpen, S.D. Berry, T. van Antwerpen, J. Smithers, S. Joshi, and M. van der Laan 4 Sustainable Cellulosic Grass Crop Production 109J.H. Fike, D.J. Parrish, and W.B. Fike 5 Sustainable Oil Crops Production 165C. Eynck, D. Shrestha, J. Vollmann, K.C. Falk, W. Friedt, H.P. Singh, and E. Obeng 6 Short-rotation Woody Crop Biomass Production for Bioenergy 205L.C. Kiser and T.R. Fox 7 Biomass Feedstock Production Impact on Water Resource Availability 239K.C. Stone, P.G. Hunt, K.B. Cantrell, and K.S. Ro 8 Biofuel Crops and Soil Quality and Erosion 261D. Chatskikh, A. Ovchinnikova, B. Seshadri, and N. Bolan 9 Nutrient Management in Biofuel Crop Production 301R. Lemus 10 Food, Farming, and Biofuels 325J. Popp 11 Biofuel Crops, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity 357A. Fieldsend and H.P. Singh 12 Biofuel Crops and Greenhouse Gases 383A. Hastings, J. Yeluripati, J. Hillier, and P. Smith 13 Economics of Biomass Feedstocks and Biofuels 407T.A. Maung, C. Gustafson, B. McCarl, D. Ripplinger, and D. Saxowsky 14 Geospatial Modeling Applications for Biofuel Sustainability Assessment 431S.S. Panda Appendix I: Botanical Names 449 Index 451
£166.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Science Around the World Travel Through Time and
Book SynopsisJoin the international community of scientists and explore theworld''s most exciting discoveries . . . Build a simple machine like the ancient Egyptians might have usedto build the pyramids. Construct your own rocket thrusters tosimulate those used by U.S. astronauts. Make your own paper using a2,000-year-old recipe from China. These are just some of the exciting projects you''ll find in Sciencearound the World, a fun and fact-filled book of experiments andactivities highlighting scientific discoveries from throughouthistory that shaped the way we live. Travel from England toAustralia, Germany to Japan, Mexico to Canada, as you explore someof history''s most famous moments in physics, chemistry, biology,geology, and more. Each experiment includes a list of requiredmaterials, illustrations, and easy-to-follow, step-by-stepinstructions.Table of ContentsEgypt. China. Mexico. Germany. United Kingdom. Canada. Japan. United States. Russia. Australia. Glossary. Index.
£11.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 15
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews is an ongoing series presenting state-of-the art review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. Articles perform the valuable function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic. This detailed analysis bridges the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of plant scientists.Table of ContentsDedication: Arnel R. Hallauer, Scientist, Maize Breeder,Quantitative Geneticist (K. Lamkey). Molecules Involved in Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants (P.Dodds, et al.). Genetic Mosaics and Plant Improvement (M. Marcotrigiano & T.Gradziel). Quantitative Trait Loci: Separating, Pyramiding, and Cloning (Y.Xu). Doubled Haploid Breeding in Cereals (S. Raina). Spelt: Agronomy, Genetics, and Breeding (K. Campbell). Cowpea Breeding (A. Hall, et al.). Recurrent Selection in Soybean (K. Lewers & R. Palmer). Gene Action and Plant Breeding (D. Fasoula & V. Fasoula). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Marine Botany
Book SynopsisThis new edition features an ecological approach that focuses on the examination of abiotic, biotic and anthopogenic influences on marine plant community structure. It describes management and restoration methods to help investigators better understand and protect the marine plant community.Table of ContentsMarine Plants and Their Habitats. Abiotic Factors. Biotic Factors. Physiological Ecology. Human Affairs and Marine Plants. Macroalgae. Macroalgae and Their Communities. Macroalgal Communities. Salt Marshes. Mangals. Seagrass Communities. Marine Plants of Coral Reefs. Appendices. References. Indexes.
£127.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 22
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews, Volume 22 presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a practical understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsList of Contributors viii 1. Dedication: Denton E. Alexander; Teacher, Maize Geneticist, and Breeder 1Robert J. Lambert 2. Estimating and Interpreting Heritability for Plant Breeding: An Update 9James B. Holland, Wyman E. Nyquist, and Cuauhtemoc T. Cervantes-Martínez I. The Meaning of Heritability 10 II. Response to Selection 12 III. Covariances of Relatives 21 IV. Variance Among Selection Units 25 V. Estimating Heritability as a Function of Variance Components 29 VI. Estimating Heritability from Parent-Offspring Regression 65 VII. Estimating Realized Heritability 69 VIII. Examples of Heritability Estimates 70 Appendices 102 Literature Cited 108 3. Advanced Statistical Methods for Estimating Genetic Variances in Plants 113Shizhong Xu I. Introduction 113 II. Genetic Model 118 III. Least Squares Estimation 132 IV. Maximum Likelihood Analysis 138 V. Bayesian Analysis 152 VI. Discussion and Conclusions 157 Literature Cited 161 4. Oil Palm Genetic Improvement 165A. C. Soh, G. Wong, T. Y. Hor, C. C. Tan, and P. S. Chew I. Introduction 166 II. Germplasm Resources 169 III. Improvement Objectives 174 IV. Breeding Techniques 180 V. Future Prospects 205 Literature Cited 206 5. Breeding Wheat for Resistance to Insects 221William A. Berzonsky, Hongjian Ding, Scott D. Haley, Marion O. Harris, Robert J. Lamb, R. I. H. McKenzie, Herbert W. Ohm, Fred L. Patterson, Frank Peairs, David R. Porter, Roger H. Ratcliffe, and Thomas G. Shanower I. Introduction 222 II. Wheat Stem Sawfly 225 III. Wheat Midge 234 IV. Hessian Fly 247 V. Russian Wheat Aphid 260 VI. Greenbug 270 Literature Cited 278 6. Peanut Breeding and Genetic Resources 297C. Corley Holbrook and H. Thomas Stalker I. Introduction 298 II. Evolution and Taxonomy 300 III. Reproductive Development 305 IV. Cytogenetics and Genomes 307 V. Genetic Resources 309 VI. Breeding Peanut 316 VII. Summary 338 Literature Cited 340 7. History and Breeding of Table Beet in the United States 357I. L. Goldman and J. P. Navazio I. Introduction 358 II. Crop Origins 359 III. Horticulture of Table Beet 361 IV. Genetics and Breeding 367 V. Breeding Methods 376 VI. Future Directions 384 Literature Cited 386 8. Yeast as a Molecular Genetic System for Improvement of Plant Salt Tolerance 389Tracie K. Matsumoto, Ray A. Bressan, P. M. Hasegawa, and José M. Pardo I. Introduction 390 II. Yeast Complementation 394 III. Orthologous Plant and Yeast Genes 398 IV. Similarity of Cellular Salt Tolerance in Plants and Yeast 415 Literature Cited 416 Subject Index 427 Cumulative Subject Index 428 Cumulative Contributor Index 443
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Anatomy of Seed Plants 2e
Book SynopsisAn authoritative text/reference on the structure and development of seed plants. Presents the latest concepts in plant anatomy through experimental, histochemical, and ultrastructural approaches to the study of biological material.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION. Internal Organization of the Plant Body. Summary of Types of Cells and Tissues. General References. DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEED PLANT. The Embryo. From embryo to the Adult Plant. Apical Meristems and Their Derivatives. Differentiation, Specialization, and Morphogenesis. References. THE CELL. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Plastids. Mitochondria. Microbodies. Vacuoles. Paramural Bodies. Ribosomes. Dictyosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum. Lipid Globules. Microtubules. Ergastic Substances. References. CELL WALL. Macromolecular Components and Their Organization in theWall. Cell Wall Layers. Intercellular Spaces. Pits, Primary Pit-Fields, and Plasmodesmata. Origin of Cell Wall During Cell Division. Growth of Cell Wall. References. PARENCHYMA AND COLLENCHYMA. Parenchyma. Collenchyma. References. SCLERENCHYMA. Sclereids. Fibers. Development of Sclereids and Fibers. References. EPIDERMIS. Composition. Developmental Aspects. Cell Wall. Stomata. Trichomes. References. XYLEM: GENERAL STRUCTURE AND CELL TYPES. Gross Structure of Secondary Xylem. Cell Types in the Secondary Xylem. Primary Xylem. Differentiation of Tracheary Elements. References. XYLEM: VARIATION IN WOOD STRUCTURE. Conifer Wood. Dicotyledon Wood. Some Factors in Development of Secondary Xylem. Identification of Wood. References. VASCULAR CAMBIUM. Organization of Cambium. Developmental Changes in the Initial Layer. Patterns and Causal Relations in Cambial Activity. References. PHLOEM. Cell Types. Primary Phloem. Secondary Phloem. References. PERIDERM. Structure of Periderm and Related Tissues. Development of Periderm. Outer Aspect of Bark in Relation to Structure. Lenticels. References. SECRETORY STRUCTURES. External Secretory Structures. Internal Secretory Structures. References. THE ROOT: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. Types of Roots. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE ROOT: SECONDARY STATE OF GROWTH AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS. Common Types of Secondary Growth. Variations in Secondary Growths. Physiologic Aspects of Secondary Growth in Roots. Adventitious Roots. References. THE STEM: PRIMARY STATE OF GROWTH. External Morphology. Primary Structure. Development. References. THE STEM: SECONDARY GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TYPES. Secondary Growth. Types of Stems. References. THE LEAF: BASIC STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Morphology. Histology of Angiosperm Leaf. Development. Abscission. References. THE LEAF: VARIATIONS IN STRUCTURE. Leaf Structure and Environment. Dicotyledon Leaves. Monocotyledon Leaves. Gymnosperm Leaves. References. THE FLOWER: STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT. Concept. Structure. Development. References. THE FLOWER: REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE. Microsporogenesis. Pollen. Male Gametophyte. Megasporogenesis. Female Gametophyte. Fertilization. References. THE FRUIT. Concept and Classification. The Fruit Wall. Fruit Types. Fruit Growths. Fruit Abscission. References. THE SEED. Concept and Morphology. Seed Development. Seed Coat. Nutrient Storage Tissues. References. EMBRYO AND SEEDLING. Mature Embryo. Development of Embryo. Classification of Embryos. Seedling. References. Glossary. Index.
£185.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 16
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. At a time when methods of molecular biology are leading to genetically engineered crops, and when the supply of wild varieties of many crops are threatened, this series provides the most current and important information available on the subject.Table of ContentsDedication: Edward J. Ryder, Lettuce Breeder and Geneticist (J. McCreight). Potato Breeding via Ploidy Manipulations (R. Ortiz). Genetic Transformation and Fruit Crop Improvement (Z. Singh & S. Sansavini). Genotype by Environment Interaction and Crop Yield (W. Yan & L. Hunt). Sesame Breeding (A. Ashri). Somaclonal Variation: Molecular Analysis, Transformation Interaction, and Utilization (R. Veilleux & A. Johnson). The Saccharum Complex: Relation to Other Andropogoneae (C. Guimar?es & B. Sobral). The Genomes of the Glycine (T. Hymowitz, et al.). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 17
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews is an ongoing series presenting state-of-the art review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. Articles perform the valuable function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic. This detailed analysis bridges the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of plant scientists.Table of ContentsDedication: Longping Yuan: Rice Breeder and World Hunger Fighter(J. Li & Y. Xin). Hybrid Rice: Genetics, Breeding, and Seed Production (J. Li &L. Yuan). Rose: Genetics and Breeding (S. Gudin). White Clover Molecular Genetics (D. White, et al.). The Rise and Fall of Overdominance (J. Crow). An Informal History of Statistics (N. Simmonds). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews V24 Pt1 Longterm Selection
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a practical understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. Volume 24, Part 1, focuses on these areas in relation to maize.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface (Kendall R. Lamkey). 1. Dedication John W. Dudley: The Man and His Work (Rita Hogan Mumm). PERSPECTIVE AND BACKGROUND. 2. Genes and Selection: Retrospect and Prospect (George P. Rédei). 3. Champaign Country, Illinois, and the Origin of Hybrid Corn (A Forrest Troyer). THE ILLINOIS LONG-TERM SELECTION EXPERIMENT. 4. The Intellectual Legacy of the Illinois Long-term Selection Experiment (Irwin L. Goldman). 5. 100 Generations of Selection for Oil and Protein in Corn (J.W. Dudley and R.J. Lambert). 6. RELP Variant Frequency Differences among Illinois Long-term Selection Protein Stains (V. Mikkilineni and T.R. Rocheford). 7. Physiological Changes Accompanying Long-term Selection for Grain Protein in Maize (F.E. Below, et al.). 8. Single Kernel Selection for Increased Grain Oils in Maize Synthetics and High-oil Hybrid Development (R.J. Lambert, et al.). BIOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL MODELS. 9. Population- and Quantitative-Genetic Models of Selection Limits (Bruce Walsh). 10. Mutational Variation and Long-term Selection Response (Peter D. Keightley). 11. Population Size and Long-term Selection (Kenneth Weber). 12. Gene Interaction and Selection (Charles J. Goodnight). 13. Marker-assisted Selection (Richard Johnson). 14. Long-term Selection with Known Quantitative Trait Loci (Jack C.M. Dekkers and Petek Settar). Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews V23 25
Book SynopsisA series of review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Dedication: Dermot P. Coyne Bean Breeder, Geneticist, Humanitarian (James R. Steadman and Jules Janick). 2. Strategies for Genetic Improvement of Common Bean and Rhizobia Towards Efficient Interactions (Carla Snoeck, Jos Vanderleyden, and Stephen Beebe). I. Rhizobium-Common Bean Symbiosis. II. Bean Breeding. III. Selection of Optimized Rhizobium Strains for Bean Inoculation. IV. Conclusions and Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 3. Developing Marker-Assisted Selection Strategies for Breeding Hybrid Rice (Yunbi Xu). I. Introduction. II. Features of Hybrid Breeding. III. Components of Marker-Assisted Selection. IV. Germplasm Evaluation. V. Traits Requiring Testcrossing or Progeny Testing. VI. Environment-Dependent Traits. VII. Quality Traits. VIII. Gene Introgression and Whole Genome Selection. IX. Prediction of Hybrid Performance and Heterosis. X. Seed Quality Assurance. XI. General Discussions. Literature Cited. 4. Significance of Cytoplasmic DNA in Plant Breeding (Ursula Frei, Edmundo G. Peiretti, and Gerhard Wenzel). I. Introduction. II. Some Basic Information on DNA in the Cytoplasm of Plants. III. Agronomic Traits Influenced by Cytoplasmic Factors. IV. Breeding Using Cytoplasmic Factors. V. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 5. Flowering, Seed Production, and the Genesis of Garlic Breeding (Philipp W. Simon and Maria M. Jenderek). I. Introduction. II. Garlic Production Trends. III. Garlic Taxonomy and Genetic Variation. IV. Garlic Growth and Reproductive Biology. V. Garlic Seed Production. VI. Progress in Garlic Breeding and Future Prospects. VII. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 6. Cultivar Development of Ornamental Foliage Plants (Richard J. Henny and Jianjun Chen). I. Introduction. II. Origin of New Cultivars. III. Breeding Techniques. IV. Breeding Objectives. V. Foliage Examples. VI. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 7. Preservation of Genetic Resources in the National Plant Germplasm Clonal Collections (Gayle M. Volk and Christina Walters). I. Introduction. II. Clones as Genetic Resources. III. Maintenance of Genetic Diversity in Clonal Collections. IV. Clonal Collections in the NPGS. V. Cryopreservation Principles. VI. Cryopreservation: Variables to Consider. VII. Application of Cryopreservation Technologies to Vegetative Materials. VIII. Conclusions. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews V18
Book SynopsisThis volume presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. The emphasis is on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsDedication: Richard K. Downey, Designer of Canola (G. Rakow). Apomixis: Genetics and Breeding (Y. Savidan). DNA Methylation and Plant Breeding (A. Tsaftaris & A.Polidoros). Honeycomb Breeding: Principles and Applications (V. Fasoula &D. Fasoula). Genetic and Ecological Risks from Biotechnologically-DerivedHerbicide-Resistant Crops: Decision Trees for Risk Assessment (J.Gressel & T. Rotteveel). Indexes.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews V19 10
Book SynopsisThis work presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Its emphasis is on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsDedication: John R. Laughnan, Maize Geneticist (D.Steffensen). Prediction in Plant Breeding (I. Goldman). The Case for Molecular Mapping in Forest Tree Breeding (R. Wu, etal.). Breeding for Disease Resistance in Potato (S. Jansky). Domestication, Historical Development, and Modern Breeding ofCarrot (P. Simon). Persimmon Genetics and Breeding (K. Yonemori, et al.). Genetic Resources and Breeding of Amaranthus (D. Brenner, etal.). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews 11
Book SynopsisThis work presents reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. With emphasis on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops, it covers row crops, fruits, vegetables, nuts and trees grown for timber and pulp.Table of ContentsDedication: Normal Willison Simmonds: Plant Breeder, Teacher,Administrator (W. Spoor & F. England). The Origin of Maize: Evidence for Tripsacum Ancestry (M.Eubanks). History of Public Onion Breeding Programs in the United States (I.Goldman, et al.). Current and Future Issues in Lettuce Breeding (E. Ryder). Cactus Pear Domestication and Breeding (C. Jacobo). Somatic Hybridization and Applications in Plant Breeding (A.Johnson & R. Veilleux). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc C Scientific Programming
Book Synopsis Teaches the design of programs for scientific computation in C++ Introduces unique C++ classes, defines the particular relationships among these classes, and demonstrates their use in a dozen of the most powerful current applications Presents a set of practices that allows programmers to embrace the attractive features of C++ without incurring undesired side effects and hidden costs Includes a collection of source code files downloadable from the Wiley ftp site Originally announced as Scientific Program Design: C++ for Native Fortran Writers Trade Review"...teaches the design of programs for scientific computation in C++." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 4, December 2001) "With a view to teaching the design of programs...the author introduces unique C++ classes for vectors, dense matrices, and sparse matrices...demonstrates their use..." (Mechanical Engineering, www.wemagazine.org, April 2, 2002)Table of ContentsPreafce. Overview. Vector ad Matrix Basics. Sparse Matrix Basics. Conjugate-Gradient Methods. Triangular Matrices. Householder Matrix Methods. Singular Value Decomposition. Cholesky Decomposition. Automatic Derivatives. Constrained Optimization. Interior-Point Extensions. LU Factorization. Complex Arrays. Fourier Transforms. References. Index.
£84.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 21
Book SynopsisPresents the review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. These articles perform the function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic.Table of ContentsContributors. 1. Dedication: Dirk R. Vuylsteke, Musa Scientistand Humanitarian (Rodomiro Ortiz). I. Biographical Sketch. II. Research Achievement. III. The Man. 2. Epistasis and Plant Breeding (James B. Holland). I. Introduction. II. Gene Action and Statistical Effects. III. Epistasis and Molecular Interactions. IV. Complex Molecular Interactions Underlie QuantitativePhenotypes (Sometimes). V. Biometrical Evidence for Epistasis. VI. Evidence for Epistasis from Plant Evolution Studies. VII. Molecular Marker Investigations of Epistasis. VIII. Why Is There More Evidence for Epistasis from QTLExperiments than from Biometrical Studies? IX. Implications of Epistasis for Plant Breeding. Literature Cited. 3. Origin, History, and Genetic Improvementof the Snap Pea (Pisum sativum L.) (James R. Myers, James R. Baggett, and Calvin Lamborn). I. Introduction. II. Genetics of Snap Peas. III. Breeding Objectives. IV. Breeding Methods. V. Traits of Special Concern. VI. Molecular Markers and Transformation. VII. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 4. Strawberry Biotechnology (Stan C. Hokanson and John L. Maas). I. Development of the Modern Strawberry. II. Genetic Fingerprinting and Gene Tagging. III. Mapping. IV. In Vitro Biology, Genetic Transformation,and Gene Cloning. V. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 5. Contributions of DNA Molecular MarkerTechnologies to the Genetics and Breedingof Wheat and Barley (Robert M. D. Koebner, Wayne Powell,and Paolo Donini). I. Introduction. II. Molecular Markers in Genetic DiversityStudies in Wheat and Barley. III. Molecular Markers for Cultivar Identification. IV. Marker Assisted Selection. V. Marker-Based Genotyping in Crop Breedingand Genetics. VI. The Future of Molecular Genotyping in CropBreeding and Genetics. Literature Cited. 6. Diversity in Landraces of Cereal and Legume Crops (Awegechew Teshome, A. H. D. Brown, and T. Hodgkin). I. Introduction. II. Geographic Divergence. III. Factors Affecting Diversity. IV. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 7. Production and Evaluation of Hybrid Soybean (R. G. Palmer, J. Gai, H. Sun, and J. W. Burton). I. Introduction. II. Flower Morphology and Pollination. III. Insect-Mediated Cross-Pollination. IV. Male Sterility. V. Male Sterility as a Tool in Plant Breeding. VI. Heterosis in Soybean. VII. Discussion and Summary. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews V24 Pt2 Longterm Selection
Book SynopsisPresents reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of various types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. This title emphasises on methodology, a practical understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. CROPS. 1. Crop Domestication as a Long-term Selection Experiment (Paul Gepts). 2. Long-term Selection in Plants in the Developing World (J.W. Miles and S. Pandey). 3. Trends in Productivity of U.S. Crops and Long-term Selection (William F. Tracy, et al.). 4. Long-term Selection in a Commercial Hybrid Maize Breeding Program (D.N. Duvick, et al.). 5. Long-term Divergent Selection for Ear Length in Maize (Arnel R. Hallauer, et al.). ANIMALS. 6. Inferences on the Genetic of Quantitative Traits from Long-term Selection in Laboratory and Domestic Animals (William G. Hill and Lutz Bünger). 7. Long-term Selection for Pupal Weight in Tribolium castaneum (W.M. Muir, et al.). BACTERIA. 8. Phenotypic and Genomic Evolution during a 20,000-Generation Experiment with the Bacterium Escherichia coli (Richard E. Lenski). Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Pioneering Research
Book SynopsisAsk questions not on the agenda Explore ideas wherever they lead Pursue goals because they''re important Create options not yet perceived According to premier researcher Don Braben, these are the vital intellectual processes that underlie all human achievement, the kinds of risk-taking activities that have made our civilization what it is today. Yet, warns Braben, the same pioneer spirit that fueled our meteoric industrial and scientific growth is now being undermined by a growing climate of corporate caution and conformity. In this groundbreaking manifesto on the importance of scientific freedom, Braben asserts that the greatest long-term risks facing humanity will not come from weapons of mass destruction, prolonged global war, devastating disease or famine, or even from extinction by a huge wayward meteor. Rather they will come from the debilitating attrition caused by the rising tides of bureaucracy and control that are steadily stTrade Review“…I undeservedly recommend this book to anyone who has puzzled over the growing malaise of contemporary scientific research…Braben is literate, pithy and personable...” (Nature, Vol.433, 27th January 2005) “Braben lays out his thesis effectively in the introduction, drawing the reader to commit to the book…a stimulating read” (www.felixonline.co.uk, 2004) “…(I) recommend this book to anyone involved in or worried about science.” (Chemistry World, October 2004)Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. Introduction, Chapter 1: Dissent and Research: The Supreme Stimulants. Chapter 2: The Power of Dissent: From Primates to Superpower. Chapter 3: The Rise from Oblivion. Chapter 4: Taming Research: The Problems of Success. Chapter 5: The Bureaucratic Jungle. Chapter 6: Prospects for Economic Growth. Chapter 7: Re-Creating the Golden Age. Chapter 8: Venture Research. Appendix 1: Some Results from the Venture Research Initiative Sponspored by British Petroleum. Appendix 2: The Venture Research Group. Bibliography. Index.
£71.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Pollution and Plant Life
Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive overview of direct and indirect effects of air pollutants on plant life. This book covers both physiological and biochemical impacts as well as effects at the whole plant/ecological level.Trade Review"...should be studied by many, whose interest lies in the preservation of air quality..." (International Journal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...Bell and Treshow have produced what I suspect will be a classic. (Times Higher Educational Supplement, 30 May 2003)Table of ContentsIntroduction (Nigel Bell & Michael Treshaw) Historical Perspective (Michael Treshaw & Nigel Bell) Emissions, Dispersion, Atmospheric Transformation (Roy Colville) Deposition and Uptake by Vegetation (David Fowler) Effects of Oxidants at the Biochemical, Cell and Physiological Levels with Particular Reference to Ozone (Stephen Long and Shawna Naidu) Effects of Oxidants at the Whole Plant and Community level (Michael Ashmore) Nitrogen Oxides: Old Problems and new Challenges (Terry Mansfield) Effects of Sulphur Dioxide (Allan Legge & Sagar Krupa) Effects of Fluorides (Len Weinstein & Del McCune) Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds (Christopher Collins & Nigel Bell) Effects of Particulates (Andrew Farmer) Effects of Increased Nitrogen Deposition (Roland Bobbink & Leon Laners) Effects of Wet Deposited Acidity (Trevor Ashenden) Effects of Pollutant Mixtures (Andreas Fangmeier, Juergen Bender, Hans-Joachim Weigel & Hans-Juergen Jager) Forest Decline and Air Pollution: An Assessment of "Forest Health" in the Forests of Europe, the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada (John Innes & John Skelly) Effects of Acidic Deposition on Aquatic Ecosystems (Ronald Harriman, Richard Batterbee & Don Monteith) Effects on Bryophytes and Lichens (Jeffrey Bates) Modification of Plant Response by Environmental Conditions (Gina Mills) Air Pollutant - Abiotic Stress Interactions (Alan Davison & Jeremy Barnes) Effects of Air pollutants on Biotic Stresses (Walter Fluckiger, Sabine Braun & Erika Hiltbrunner) Effects of Air Pollutants in Developing Countries (Fiona Marshall) Air Quality Guidelines and their Role in Pollution Control Policy (Michael Ashmore) Air Pollution and Climate Change (Victor Runeckles) Future Research Priorities and Directions (Nigel Bell)
£201.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Pollution Plant Life Second Edition
Book SynopsisProvides a comprehensive overview of the direct and indirect effects of air pollutants on plant life. This book also covers both physiological and biochemical impacts as well as larger-scale effects at the whole plant/ecological level. It is useful for students in Environmental Science, and Biological Science and Agriculture.Trade Review"...should be studied by many, whose interest lies in the preservation of air quality..." (International Journal of Environment Studies, Vol.60, No.2, 2003) "...Bell and Treshow have produced what I suspect will be a classic. (Times Higher Educational Supplement, 30 May 2003)Table of ContentsIntroduction (Nigel Bell & Michael Treshaw) Historical Perspectives (Michael Treshaw & Nigel Bell) Emissions, Dispersion and Atmospheric Transformation (Roy Colville) Deposition and Uptake by Vegetation (David Fowler) Effects of Oxidants at the Biochemical, Cell and Physiological Levels with Particular Reference to Ozone (Stephen Long and Shawna Naidu) Effects of Oxidants at the Whole Plant and Community Level (Michael Ashmore) Nitrogen Oxides: Old Problems and New Challenges (Terry Mansfield) Effects of Sulphur Dioxide (Allan Legge & Sagar Krupa) Effects of Fluorides (Len Weinstein & Del McCune) Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds (Christopher Collins & Nigel Bell) Effects of Particulates (Andrew Farmer) Effects of Increased Nitrogen Deposition (Roland Bobbink & Leon Laners) Effects of Wet Deposited Acidity (Trevor Ashenden) Effects of Pollutant mixtures (Andreas Fangmeier, Juergen Bender, Hand-Joachim Weigel & Hans-Juergen Jager) Forest Decline and Air Pollution: An Assessment of "Forest Health" in the Forests of Europe, the Northeastern United States and Southeastern Canada (John Innes & John Skelly) Effects of Acidic Deposition on Aquatic Ecosystems (Ronald Harriman, Ricahrd Battarbee & Don Monteith) Effects on Bryophytes and Lichens (Jeffrey Bates) Modifications of Plant Response by Environmental Conditions (Gina Mills) Air Pollutant - Abiotic Stress Interactions (Alan Davison & Jeremy Barnes) Effects of Air Pollutants on Biotic Stresses (Walter Fluckiger, Sabine Braun & Erika Hiltbrunner) Effects of Air Pollutants in Developing Countries (Fiona Marshall) Air Quality Guidelines and their Role in Pollution Control Policy (Michael Ashmore) Air Pollution and Climate Change (Victor Runeckles) Future Research Priorities and Directions (Nigel Bell)
£74.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 14
Book SynopsisPresents state-of-the-art overviews on topics relating to the breeding of agriculturally and horticulturally important plants. This text monitors developments in plant breeding research and covers major field crops, horticultural crops and specialities such as mushrooms and nuts.Table of ContentsDedication: Donald N. Duvick, Maize Breeder, Geneticist, andAdministrator (A. Hallauer). Comparative Mapping of Plant Phenotypes (A. Paterson). Plant Antifungal Proteins (D.-J. Yun, et al.). Competitive Ability and Plant Breeding (D. Fasoula & V.Fasoula). Recurrent Selection Methods Based on Evaluation-cum-RecombinationBlock (S. Vasal, et al.). Utilization of Exotic Maize Germplasm (J. Parra & A.Hallauer). History, Genetics, and Breeding of Supersweet (shrunken2) SweetCorn (W. Tracy). Breeding Wild Rice (A. Grombacher, et al.). Plantain Improvement (D. Vuylsteke, et al.). Chrysanthemum Systematics, Genetics, and Breeding (M. Boase, etal.). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 13
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews is an ongoing series presenting state-of-the art review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. Articles perform the valuable function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic. This detailed analysis bridges the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of plant scientists.Table of ContentsDedication: Arlen D. Draper: Blueberry Wizard (J. Hancock & G.Galletta). Genetic Markers and Plant Genetic Resource Management (P. Bretting& M. Widrlechner). Honeycomb Selection Designs (A. Fasoulas & V. Fasoula). Breeding for Negatively Associated Traits (W. Yan & D.Wallace). Long-Term Pollen Storage (W. Hanna & L. Towill). Inbreeding Depression in Alfalfa and Cross-Pollinated Crops (J.Jones & E. Bingham). Cereal Transformation Through Particle Bombardment (A. Casas, etal.). Breeding Perennial Rye (R. Reimann-Philipp). Genetics of Wheat-Rust Interaction (R. Sawhney). Origin, Evolution, and Breeding of Grapefruit (F. Gmitter). Indexes.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 12
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.Table of ContentsDedication: Robert W. Allard, Population Geneticist and Agronomist(M. Clegg). Bacillus Thuringiensis and Its Use as a Biological Insecticide (A.Aronson). Development of Virus Resistant Plants via Engineering (R.Grumet). Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Plant Breeding (A. Hall, etal.). In Vitro Adaptation for Drought and Cold Hardiness in Wheat (G.Galiba). The Ideotype Concept and the Genetic Improvement of Tree Crops (D.Dickmann, et al.). Application of DNA Markers for Identification and Breeding ofPerennial Fruit Crops (U. Lavi, et al.). Heterosis in Plant Breeding (C. Stuber). Breeding of Seed-Planted Artichoke (J. Basnizki & D.Zohary). Concepts and Methods for Analyzing Regional Trial Data for Cultivarand Location Selection (C. Lin & M. Binns). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 11
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per yearTable of ContentsDedication: John H. Weinberger--Fruit Breeder and Horticulturalist(D. Ramming & C. Fear). Reproductive Barriers: Identification, Uses, and Circumvention (B.Liedl & N. Anderson). Advances in Achieving the Needs for Biotechnologically-DerivedHerbicide Resistant Crops (J. Gressel). Another Culture of Maize (Y. Wan & J. Widholm). An Effective Wheat Gene Manipulation System: Problems and Uses (J.Gustafson & E. Sears). Molecular Biology and Wheat Improvement (L. Talbert). Breeding Systems for Cross-Pollinated Perennial Grasses (K. Vogel& J. Pedersen). Molecular Genetic Analysis of Nodulation Genes in Soybean (P.Gresshoff). Indexes.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Lichen Symbiosis
Book SynopsisNot only an invaluable reference to what is known about lichen bionts and their interactions but also a guide to future studies. Compares various aspects of lichen-forming bionts with those of other fungi, algae and cyanobacteria. Features in-depth descriptions of culture methods.Table of ContentsThe Mycobiont (Fungal Symbiont). The Photobiont (Photosynthetic Symbiont). Biont Interactions I--Development of Synthetic and NaturalLichens. Biont Interactions II--Carbohydrate Movement. Biont Interactions III--Physiology of Lichens. Lichens, Bionts, and Air Pollution. Molecular Biology of Lichens. Appendix. Literature Cited. Indexes.
£118.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Einsteins Science Parties Easy Parties for
Book SynopsisShows how you can easily put together any number of 14 clever and inexpensive science theme parties. This book also includes fun illustrated invitations that can be photocopied and personalized.Table of ContentsFossils and Dinos. Mad Scientists. Color Your World. I Spy. Paper and Sculpting. Bubble Blast. Lemon Aide. Watt's Up, Doc?. Eat Your Experiments. It's Magic. Slime Time. Science at Night. Eggsperiments. Eau d'Odor. ``Just in Case'' Activities.
£11.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc Medical Botany Plants Affecting Human Health
Book SynopsisOrganized by body system and ailment makes it easy to locate appropriate therapies. Includes background on the physiology of major systems and ailments so readers can understand how and why a pharmaceutical, botanical, or dietary supplement works. Broad coverage includes green plants, fungi, and microorganisms.Trade Review"...an extremely good read...a productive mine of information...laced liberally with humour, human observation and practical examples..." (Plant Talk, May 2004)Table of ContentsProprietary Registered and Trademark Names and Owners. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. 2. Complementary and Alternative Medicine. PART I: INJURIOUS PLANTS. 3. Internal Poisons. 4. Immune System and Cell Modifiers. 5. Allergies. PART II: REMEDIAL PLANTS. 6. Cancer. 7. Musculoskeletal System. 8. Peripheral Nervous System. 9. Heart and Circulation. 10. Metabolism. 11. Sensory Organs: Eye and Ear. 12. Oral Hygiene. 13. Gastrointestinal Tract. 14. Respiratory System. 15. Urogenital System. 16. Skin. 17. Deterrents: Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Pesticides, and Herbicides. 18. Panaceas, Adaptogens, and Tonics. PART III: PSYCHOACTIVE PLANTS. 19. Central Nervous System and Psychiatry. 20. Stimulants. 21. Hallucinogens. 22. Depressants. Appendix A: Outline Classification of Plants. Appendix B: Bibliography of Traditional and Herbal Medicine and Ethnobotany. Glossary. Index.
£118.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews Volume 25
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base. Understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Dedication: Stanley J. Peloquin. Potato Geneticist and Cytogeneticist (Rodomiro Ortiz, Luigi Frusciante, and Domenico Carputo). 2. Politics of Plant Breeding (Cary Fowler and Richard L. Lower). I. Introduction. II. Germplasm, Plant Breeding, and the Fight for Rights. III. The Debate Over Biotechnology. IV. Plant Breeders’ Choices. Literature Cited. 3. Doubled Haploids in Genetics and Plant Breeding (Brian P. Forster and William T. B. Thomas). I. Introduction. II. Doubled Haploid Technology. III. Doubled Haploid Populations in Genetics. IV. Doubled Haploids in Breeding. V. Prospects. Literature Cited. 4. Biochemistry and Genetics of Flower Color (R. J. Griesbach). I. Introduction. II. Flavonoid Chemistry. III. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. IV. Mendelian Inheritance. V. Transgene Technology. Literature Cited. 5. The Influence of Mitochondrial Genetics on Crop Breeding Strategies (Sally A. Mackenzie). I. Introduction. II. Structure of the Mitochondrial Genome in Plants. III. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility. IV. Occurrence and Developmental Implications of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Incompatibility. V. Some Implications of Cytoplasmic Genetics for the Plant Breeder. Literature Cited. 6. Genetic and Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male Sterility in Sorghum (Belum V. S. Reddy, S. Ramesh, and Rodomiro Ortiz). I. Introduction. II. Genetic Male Sterility (GMS). III. Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male Sterility (CMS). IV. Molecular Characterization of Cytoplasms. V. DNA Polymorphism and Mapping Restorer Genes. VI. Factors Influencing CMS Systems Use. VII. Diversification of CMS Systems. VIII. Heterosis and Hybrid Development. IX. Conclusion. Literature Cited. 7. Improving Drought Tolerance in Maize (T. Barker, H. Campos, M. Cooper, D. Dolan, G. Edmeades, J. Habben, J. Schussler, D. Wright, and C. Zinselmeier). I. Introduction. II. Physiology of the Response of Maize Under Drought. III. Experimental Methods. IV. Applied Breeding Methods. V. Molecular Breeding. VI. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 8. The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding (Jules Janick). I. Introduction. II. The Horticultural Arts. III. Origin, Domestication, and Early Culture of Fruit Crops. IV. Genetic Changes and Cultural Factors in Domestication. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£278.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Extreme Value and Related Models with
Book SynopsisA straightforward, practical guide to extreme value modeling for today''s world Measuring and interpreting data for extreme values presents a unique and important challenge that has far-reaching implications for all aspects of modern engineering and science. Extreme Value and Related Models with Applications in Engineering and Science reflects the latest information in this growing field. The book incorporates illuminating real-world examples from such areas as structural engineering, hydraulics, meteorology, materials science, highway traffic analysis, environmetrics, and climatology, and is designed to help engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, and scientists gain a clearer understanding of extreme value theory and then translate that knowledge into practical applications within their own fields of research. The book provides: A unique focus on modern topics including data analysis and inference Specific data in such areas as wind, flood, chain stTrade Review“This text provides an extensive coverage of the distribution theory of extreme values…the text is well presented with clearly displayed equations and diagrams…a particularly useful reference book…” (International Statistical Institute, Vol 25 (2) August 2005)Table of ContentsPreface. I: DATA, INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION. 1. Introduction and Motivation. II: PROBABILISTIC MODELS USEFUL IN EXTREMES. 2. Discrete Probabilistic Models. 3. Continuous Probabilistic Models. III: MODEL ESTIMATION, SELECTION, AND VALIDATION. 4. Model Estimation. 5. Model Selection and Validation. IV: EXACT MODELS FOR ORDER STATISTICS AND EXTREMES. 6. Order Statistics. 7. Point Processes and Exact Models. V: ASYMPTOTIC MODELS FOR EXTREMES AND EXCEEDANCES. 8. Limit Distributions of Order Statistics. 9. Limit Distributions of Exceedances. 10. Multivariate Extremes. Appendix: Statistical Tables. Bibliography. Index.
£129.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Plant Breeding Reviews 26
Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Dedication: George P. Rédei (Arabidopsis Geneticist and Polymath Csaba Koncz) 2. Developing Papaya to Control Papaya Ringspot Virus by Transgenic Resistance, Intergeneric Hybridization, and Tolerance Breeding (Dennis Gonsalves, Ariadne Vegas, Vilai Prasartsee, Rod Drew, Jon Y. Suzuki, and Savarni Tripathi). I. Introduction. II. Papaya and Papaya Ringspot Virus. III. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Hawaii. IV. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Other Regions. V. Breeding Through Intergeneric Hybridizations. VI. Development of PRSV-Tolerant Papaya. VII. Future Aspects for Developing PRSV-Resistant Papaya. VIII. Summary Comments. Literature Cited. 3. Rol Genes: Molecular Biology, Physiology, Morphology, Breeding Uses (Margareta Welander and Li-Hua Zhu). I. Introduction. II. The Hairy Root Disease. III. Ri T-DNA and Its Effect on Transgenic Plants. IV. Synergistic Effect of Rol Genes. V. Individual Effect of Rol Genes. VI. Discussion and Conclusions. Literature Cited. 4. Terminology for Polyploids Based on Cytogenetic Behavior: Consequences in Genetics and Breeding (Domenico Carputo, Elsa L. Camadro, and Stanley J. Peloquin). I. Introduction. II. Role of 2n Gametes and Endosperm in the Origin of Polyploids. III. Terminology for Polyploids. IV. Bases of the New Terminology. V. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 5. Breeding Barley for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Accumulation (Thin Meiw Choo). I. Introduction. II. Fusarium Species. III. Fusarium Toxins. IV. Losses in Yield and Quality. V. Sources of Genetic Resistance. VI. Traits Associated with FHB Resistance. VII. Breeding Strategies. VIII. Mutation and In vitro Selection. IX. Genetic Transformation. X. Conclusions and Prospects. Literature Cited. 6. Using Genomics to Exploit Grain Legume Biodiversity in Crop Improvement (Sangam L. Dwivedi, Matthew W. Blair, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Rachid Serraj, Jayashree Balaji, Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla, Rodomiro Ortiz, and Jonathan H. Crouch). I. Introduction. II. Available Genetic Resources of Key Legume Crops. III. Management and Utilization of Legume Genetic Resources. IV. Impact of Genetic Resources in Conventional Legume Breeding. V. Molecular-Enhanced Strategies for Manipulating Novel Genetic Variation for Legume Breeding. VI. Advanced Applications in Legume Molecular Breeding. VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects. Acknowledgments. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.
£278.96
Wiley Esaus Plant Anatomy Meristems Cells and Tissues
Book SynopsisThis revision of the now classic Esau's Plant Anatomy offers a completely updated review of the structure, function, and development of meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body. The text follows a logical structure-based organization.Trade Review"Katherine Esau's (1898-1997) 1953 first edition of Plant Anatomy became an instant classic and ushered in a new era in plant anatomy. This and the 1965 revision have long been the bible for many of us." (Taxon, May 2008) "...modern and easily readable-with excellent illustrations." (Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, June/July 2007) "Like its predecessors, 'Esau's Plant Anatomy' will serve as an important reference for students and botanists who need basic information on this subject. Summing up: Essential." (CHOICE, March 2007) "...will probably become the standard in the field...a breadth of pictorial documentation often not achievable by a single author...a sound contribution to the plant anatomy reference and instructional textbooks available today." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, March 2007) "...There are few more iconic texts in botany than Esau's Plant Anatomy… this 3rd edition is a very worthy successor to previous editions..." (Annals of Botany, June 2007) "...provides an easily accessible and excellent source of basic information on plant anatomy which is nowadays more important than ever." (J. Phytopathology, 155, 574-576, 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. General References. Chapter 1. Structure and Development of the Plant Body—An Overview. Chapter 2. The Protoplast: Plasma Membrane, Nucleus, and Cytoplasmic Organelles. Chapter 3. The Protoplast: Endomembrane System, Secretory Pathways, Cytoskeleton, and Stored Compounds. Chapter 4. Cell Wall . Chapter 5. Meristems and Differentiation. Chapter 6. Apical Meristems. Chapter 7. Parenchyma and Collenchyma. Chapter 8. Sclerenchyma. Chapter 9. Epidermis. Chapter 10. Xylem: Cell Types and Developmental Aspects. Chapter 11. Xylem: Secondary Xylem and Variations in Wood Structure. Chapter 12. Vascular Cambium. Chapter 13. Phloem: Cell Types and Developmental Aspects. Chapter 14. Phloem: Secondary Phloem and Variations in Its Structure. Chapter 15. Periderm. Chapter 16. External Secretory Structures. Chapter 17. Internal Secretory Structures. Addendum: Other Pertinent References Not Cited in the Text. Glossary. Author Index. Subject Index.
£186.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Aphids on the Worlds Crops An Identification and
Book SynopsisThis is an identification guide and information source for a major group of agriculturally important insects on a world-wide basis. It enables the non-specialist anywhere in the world to identify aphids found colonising crop plants, and offers summaries of available knowledge of each species.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTORY SECTION. Introduction and Aims of the Book. Systematics. Life Cycles. Host-Plant Relationships. Geographical Distribution. Morphology and Key Characters. THE CROPS AND THEIR APHIDS. Notes on the Use of this Section. List of Crop Plants and their English Names. Lists and Keys to Aphids on Each Crop. THE APHIDS. Introduction to the Section. Systematic Treatment of Genera (Alphabetical). TECHNIQUES. Collecting. Preservation and Mounting. Labelling and Storage. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Regionally Classified Faunal Works. General Biology. Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Development. Migration and Dispersal. Relationships with Other Insects. Host-Plant Relationships. Control. Bibliographies. REFERENCES. PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE.
£282.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Practical Statistics and Experimental Design for
Book SynopsisAn introduction to the principles of plant and crop experimentation and the statistics used in the design and analysis of experiments, this work aims to give the plant and crop scientist an understanding of the commonly used experimental techniques and the practical problems associated with them.Trade Review"This introduction to the principles of plant and crop experimentation avoid mathematical jargon in its explanations of how to plan and design an experiment, analyze results, interpret computer output, and present findings...presents the reasoning...before giving practical examples and offers step-by-step calculations..." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 25, No. 3, September 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Basic Principles of Experimentation. Basic Statistical Calculations. Basic Data Summary. The Normal Distribution, the t-Distribution and ConfidenceIntervals. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing. Comparison of Two Independent Sample Means. Linear Regression and Correlation. Curve Fitting. The Completely Randomised Design. The Randomised Block Design. The Latin Square Design. Factorial Experiments. Comparison of Treatment Means. Checking the Assumptions and Transformation of Data. Missing Values and Incomplete Blocks. Split Plot Designs Comparison of Regression Lines and Analysis of Covariance. Analysis of Counts. Some Non-parametric Methods. Appendix 1: The Normal Distribution Function. Appendix 2: Percentage Points of the Normal Distribution. Appendix 3: Percentage Points of the t-Distribution. Appendix 4a: 5 Per Cent Points of the F-Distribution. Appendix 4b: 2.5 Per Cent Points of the F-Distribution. Appendix 4c: 1 Per Cent Points of the F-Distribution. Appendix 4d: 0.1 Per Cent Points of the F-Distribution. Appendix 5: Percentage Points of the Sample CorrelationCoefficient (r) When the Population Correlation Coefficient is 0and n is the Number of X,Y Pairs. Appendix 6: 5 Per Cent Points of the Studentised Range for Use inTukey and SNK Tests. Appendix 7: Percentage Points of the Chi-Square Distribution. Appendix 8: Probabilities of S or Fewer Successes in the BinomialDistribution with n 'trials' and p = 05. Appendix 9: Critical Values of T in the Wilcoxon Signed Rank orMatched Pairs Test. Appendix 10: Critical Values of U in the Mann-Whitney Test. References. Further Reading. Index.
£225.86
Wiley Channelized Rivers
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£398.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Greenhouse Earth
Book SynopsisGreenhouse Earth Annika Nilsson Climate change has become one of the major issues on the international environmental agenda. Predictions of a rising sea and devastating droughts have alerted politicians worldwide to the risks of continued increases in the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.Table of ContentsThe History of Our Future. The Greenhouse Earth. The Greenhouse Gases. Adding Up the Numbers. A Model World. Model Results--The Future Climate. Sea Level. Agriculture. Forestry. Natural Ecosystems. Water, Snow and Ice. Answering the Challenge. A Game of Science and Politics. Afterword: A Look Back. Further Reading.
£145.76
