Pest control / plant diseases Books

Book SynopsisExpert Barbara Pleasant shows you how to easily identify common garden diseases and then provides simple, inexpensive, organic treatments to heal your plants and prevent recurrence. The entry for each disease describes the organism that causes it, lists the host plants and U.S. regions where it is typically found, describes the signs to look for, tells you what to do right away, and explains how to prevent the disease in the future. The book even includes a crop-by-crop guide to what might be affecting your particular plants. You'll quickly be enjoying a healthy, and thriving garden!

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Book SynopsisFrom nibbling on fruit bushes to destroying flower beds, unwanted deer pose a frustrating and challenging obstacle to even the most patient gardeners. Rhonda Massingham Hart provides insights into deer behavior and offers a variety of proven techniques to keep your deer problem under control. Learn how to choose the best fence types, landscape with plants deer detest, make effective homemade repellents, and much more. You’ll have all the information you need to maintain a pristine, deer-free landscape.

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Book SynopsisHarness the power of beneficial insects to deter pests and reduce crop damage. This comprehensive guide to farming with insects will have you building beetle banks and native plant field borders as you reap a bountiful and pesticide-free harvest. With strategies for identifying the insects you’re trying to attract paired with step-by-step instructions for a variety of habitat-building projects, you’ll soon learn how to employ your own biocontrol conservation tactics. Lay out the brush piles and plant the hedgerows because the insects are going to love it here!

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Book SynopsisHarold Maxwell-Lefroy, the agricultural pioneer who founded Rentokil, was a maverick and a driven man. He was the first to apply the scientific method to dealing with insect pests, which saved innumerable crops in India and the Caribbean, where he worked with farmers. Suddenly the destruction of livelihoods by pests no longer needed to dominate the future. He became Professor of Entomology at Imperial College and developed anti-pest chemical treatments that led to Rentokil (trademark rules barred him from calling it Entokil), which became his most tangible legacy.

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Book SynopsisFeaturing completely updated chapters, additional authors, and an increased emphasis on alternatives to traditional pesticides, the second edition of Ecological Entomology is the field''s leading reference on the role of insects in ecosystems. The authors cover insect growth and development, what they eat, how they reproduce, and how they move in various environments. The book also examines how insects interact with the plant community and how to control insect populations naturally.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Ecological Entromology (C. Huffaker, et al.). The Concept of the Ecosystem (P. Price). BASIC BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS, PROPERTIES, BEHAVIORS,AND PROCESSES. Growth and Development of Insects (H. Gordon). The Food of Insects (R. Barbehenn, et al.). Reproduction in Insects (F. Engelmann). Adaptations to Hazardous Seasonal Conditions: Dormancy, Migration,and Polyphenism (J. Nechols, et al.). Adaptations of Insects to Modes of Life (L. Caltagirone). Biogeography and Evolutionary History: Wide-Scale and Long-TermPatterns in Insects (S. Peck & E. Munroe). NATURAL CONTROL OF INSECT POPULATIONS. Dynamics and Regulation of Insect Populations (C. Huffaker, etal.). Weather and Insects (W. Wellington, et al.). Interspecific Competition in Insects (N. Mills). Dynamics of Insect Predator-Prey Interactions (A. Berryman & A.Gutierrez). Insect Invasions and Community Assembly (S. Schreiber & A.Gutierrez). Migration and Movement (P. Turchin & K. Omland). Mathematical Models for Age-Structured Population Dynamics (G. DiCola, et al.). ROLES OR EFFECTS OF INSECTS IN ECOSYSTEMS. Insect Diversity and the Trophic Complexity of Communities (J.Thompson & D. Althoff). Insects on Flowers (P. Kevan & H. Baker). The Influence of Insects on Plant Populations and Communities (R.Nowierski, et al.). APPLICATION OF ECOLOGY TO INSECT POPULATION MANAGEMENT. Modeling Tritrophic Field Populations (A. Gutierrez). Applications of Ecology for Integrated Pest Management (M. Kogan,et al.). Index.

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Book SynopsisThe importance of understanding the metabolism of agrochemicals in plants has never been greater. In a world where food safety and environmental concerns are increasing, knowledge of the metabolic processes within plants and the terminal residues of agrochemicals in food crops is invaluable.Trade Review"...an essential text..." -- Biological Agriculture Horticulture, Vol 18, 2000 "The book can be recommended to research and advanced university students." --Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, March 2001Table of ContentsIntroduction -- Regulatory Considerations (T. Roberts). Experimental Approaches for Plant Metabolism Studies (R. Baloch). Primary Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants (T. Katagi & N. Mikami). Secondary Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants (D. Cole & R. Edwards). Bound Residues Arising from the Use of Agrochemicals on Plants (M. Skidmore). The Comparative Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants and Mammals (S. Bounds & D. Hutson). Herbicide Metabolism as a Basis for Selectivity (W. Owen). Herbicide Safeners and Synergists (K. Hatzios). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an identification guide and information source for a major group of agriculturally important insects on a world-wide basis. It enables the non-specialist anywhere in the world to identify aphids found colonising crop plants, and offers summaries of available knowledge of each species.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTORY SECTION. Introduction and Aims of the Book. Systematics. Life Cycles. Host-Plant Relationships. Geographical Distribution. Morphology and Key Characters. THE CROPS AND THEIR APHIDS. Notes on the Use of this Section. List of Crop Plants and their English Names. Lists and Keys to Aphids on Each Crop. THE APHIDS. Introduction to the Section. Systematic Treatment of Genera (Alphabetical). TECHNIQUES. Collecting. Preservation and Mounting. Labelling and Storage. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Regionally Classified Faunal Works. General Biology. Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Development. Migration and Dispersal. Relationships with Other Insects. Host-Plant Relationships. Control. Bibliographies. REFERENCES. PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE.

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Book SynopsisThis study explores the movement of pesticides into ground water, describing how computers can be used to model this phenomenon. It features novel approaches to the analysis of environmental samples and reviews analytical methods for the detection of agrochemical run-off.Table of ContentsEstimation of Physicochemical Properties: Theoretical andExperimental Approaches (P. Fisk). Recommended Approaches to Assess Pesticide Mobility in Soil (M.Russell). Soils and Pesticide Mobility (C. Brown, et al.). Pesticide Leaching Models and Their Use for Management Purposes (N.Jarvis, et al.). Pesticides in Run-Off and Surface Waters (B. Burgoa & R.Wauchope). The Volatization of Pesticide Residues (A. Taylor). Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides (M. Eldefrawi, etal.). Techniques and Procedures for the Determination of Pesticides inWater (C. Eadsforth & A. Woodbridge). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an essential guidebook, providing a comprehensive overview of insect viruses and pest management. Part One of this volume explores the rationale behind the employment of insect pathogenic viruses in pest control and documents the assessment of biological activity, the ecology of baculoviruses, control strategies, virus production and formulation, and the conduct and recording of field control trials. Part Two comprises an authoritative global survey of current practice, R&D, and up-to-date technical studies of insect viruses and their application in pest management. This survey was compiled with the assistance of a panel of world-wide experts and will prove an invaluable and unique data source. Building on the key topics discussed in Part One, easy-to-follow, practical protocols are presented in Part Three, including detailed accounts of standard operating procedures for working with insects, isolation, propagation (in vivo and in vitro), purification, characterization and enumTable of ContentsBASIC PRINCIPLES. Rationale for the Use of Microbial Pesticides. Characteristics of Insect Pathogenic Viruses. Assessment of Biological Activity. The Ecology of Baculoviruses in Insect Hosts. Control Strategies. Virus Production. Formulation. Spray Application of Baculoviruses. Conduct and Recording of Field Control Trials. Future Developments. WORLD SURVEY. A World Survey of Virus Control of Insect Pests. Western Europe. Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Indian Subcontinent. South-east Asia and the Western Pacific. People's Republic of China. Japan. Africa, the Near and Middle East. Australasia. North America. Central America and the Caribbean. South America. PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES. General Laboratory Practice. Working with the Host. Working with the Virus. Enumeration of Virus. Cell Culture. Mass Production, Product Formulation and Quality Control. Spray Application. Registration Requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING VIRAL SURVIVAL. Solar Radiation, with Emphasis on the Ultraviolet. Plant Surfaces. Glossary. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe brown recluse is a fascinating spider very well adapted to dwelling in houses and other buildings. It has become infamous throughout North America. In this book, Richard S. Vetter educates readers regarding the biology of the brown recluse spider and medical aspects of its...Trade Review"The Brown Recluse Spider is a concise summary of the current knowledge about an infamous spider, with clear relevance to the public perception of spiders in general. Richard S. Vetter has had years of experience conducting research on recluse spiders and educating the public as well as medical personnel. This book features new insights—interesting, amusing, and sometimes sad—drawn from his personal experiences with education efforts." -- Richard A. Bradley, The Ohio State University, author of Common Spiders of North America

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Book SynopsisWeed Biology and Climate Change will provide a synthesis of what is known regarding the probable impact of environmental change on weed biology. Chapters will look at impacts of weed biology on agriculture, invasive species that limit ecological diversity and weeds that serve as health risks.Trade Review“A must read for all scholars interested in plant and weed ecology.” (Experimental Agriculture, 2012) "The text is fully indexed, includes extensive references, and is well illustrated with numerous examples from the primary literature. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above." (Choice, 1 August 2011) Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 A Brief History of Weeds and Their Impact 1 Chapter 2 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming: The “Green” in the Greenhouse Effect 23 Chapter 3 An Evaluation of the Impact of Rising Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change on Weed Biology: From the Cell to the Plant 39 Chapter 4 An Evaluation of the Impact of Rising Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change on Weed Biology: Competition to Community Composition 61 Chapter 5 Weeds on the Farm: Assessing the Role of Climate Change and CO2 on Agricultural Productivity 85 Chapter 6 Invasive Plants and Climate Change in Natural Ecosystems 107 Chapter 7 Weeds, CO2, Climate, and Health 127 Chapter 8 Weed Management: Herbicides 143 Chapter 9 Weed Management: The Rest of the Story 163 Chapter 10 Benefits from Weeds 181 Chapter 11 Weeds in a Time of Climate 199 Appendix 219 Index 227

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Book SynopsisAs ready reference for the student, instructor, and those practitioners that deal with perennial weeds on a daily basis, this book uses 28 weed species to illustrate the ways in which perennial weeds propagate vegetatively. The author has taken care to use examples of perennial weeds that are troublesome on a national scale, or representative of principal agricultural regions within the United States and Canada. This organised and well-written one-of-a-kind text uses both tables and text to assist the reader in identifying each weed species. The text also includes 67 illustrations that highlight reproduction, over-wintering, and perennating parts. Perennial Weeds also corrects some misconceptions in the weed science literature as to whether the perennating organ is a root or a rhizome. Not just another identification guidebook, Perennial Weeds takes the reader through root systems and rhizome anatomy to discuss exactly how perennial weTable of ContentsPreface. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1. Characteristics of Perennial Weeds. 2. Control of Perennial Weeds. PART TWO: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes. 3. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). 4. Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens; previously Agropyrons repens). PART THREE: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes and Stolons. 5. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). PART FOUR: Grasslike Perennial Weeds. A. Creeping Perennials Reproducing from Buds on Tubers. 6. Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). B. Noncreeping Perennials Reproducing from Bulbs. 7. Wild Garlic (Allium vineale). Wild Onion (Allium Canadense). PART FIVE: Simple Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Taproots and/or Root Crowns (Caudexes). 8. Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale). 9. Curly Dock (Rumex crispus). 10. Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major). Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago Ianceolata). Blackseed Plantain (Plantago Rugelli). PART SIX: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Roots. 11. Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense). 12. Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). 13. Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). 14. Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). 15. Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba). Lens-podded Whitetop (Cardaria chalepensis). Globe-podded Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens). 16. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense). Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium). 17. Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula). 18. Red Sorrel (Rumex acetosella). PART SEVEN: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Rhizomes. 19. Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica). 20. Western Ironweed (Vernonia baldwinii). PART EIGHT: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Aerial Runners, Stolons, or Creeping Rhizomes. 21. Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea). 22. Creeping Woodsorrel(Oxalis corniculata). Yellow Woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta). Appendix. Table 1. Root Systems of simple perennial weeds. Table 2. Perennial weeds that spread by creeping roots. Table 3. Perennial Weeds that spread by rhizomes. Table 4. Perennial weeds that spread by means other than roots or rhizomes. Table 5 . Selected Perennial Weeds identified by common and scientific names and grouped as grasses, herbaceous broadleafs, vines, and woody plants. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae are groups of nematodes that include almost 1,000 species from some forty genera. A number are of known agricultural importance, both in their own right as parasites of fungi or higher plants and/or as vectors of certain plant viruses. While monographs exist on the systematics and taxonomy of a number of nematode groups, no recent volume covers the three groups included here. This book aims to provide a practical, working guide to the taxa of the Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, in such a form as to facilitate usage by both specialist taxonomists and general nematologists. Keys to generic level are included, each genus being diagnosed, illustrated and provided with a comprehensive list of nominal species and, where appropriate, synonyms. General notes on the bionomics and distribution are appended and some 22 species, mostly those of economic importance, are individually described in greater detail. In addition, a general in

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Book SynopsisThis work discussed what effect mycorrhizas have on plant and human ecosystems.Table of ContentsPart One: Stat us and Function of Vesicular-Arbuscular (VA) Mycorrhiza in Ecosystems Part Two: Ectomycorrhizas in Temperate and Boreal Forest Ecosystems Part Three: Mycorrhizas in Disturbed, Agricultural and Successional Ecosystems Part Four: Mycorrhizas in Heathland Ecosystems Part Five: Mycorrhizas in Tropical Ecosystems Part Seven: Posters Part Six: Physiological Ecology of Mycorrhizas 40: A Functional Comparison of Ecto- and Endomycorrhizas 41: Spatial Distributions of Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Ectomycorrhizas 42: Ectomycorrhizas - Organs for Uptake and Filtering of Cations 43: The Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Status on Plant-Water Relations and Sensitivity of Leaf Gas Exchange to Soil Drought in Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Seedlings 44: Protein Activities as Potential Markers of Functional Endomycorrhizas in Plants 45: Plant-Fungal Interface in VA Mycorrhizas: A Structural Point of View 46: The Role of Ion Channels in Controlling Solute Exchange in Mycorrhizal Associations 47: Effect of Monovalent Cations on Efflux of Phosphate from the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus tincton•us 48: Comparative Analysis of IAA Production in Ectomycorrhizal, Ericoid and Saprophytic Fungi in Pure Culture 49: The survival of transplanted seedlings of ectomycorrhizal rain forest legumes in relation to forest composition 50: Effects of nitrogen on the mycelial extension of four different ectomycorrhizal fungi grown in symbiosis with Pinus sylvestris 51: Transformation of a mutant of Pisum sativum cv. ‘Sparkle’ by Agrobacteium rhizogenes - a possible plant partner for VA fungi and Rhizobium 52: Early events in ectomycorrhiza formation studied by electron microscopy 53: Dual in vitro rhizobial and ectomycorrhizal colonization of Acacia holosericea 54: The influence of Scots pine needle and humus extracts on the growth of some ectomycorrhizal fungi 55: Interactions between indigenous VAM fungi and soil ecotype in Terminalia superba in the wet tropics (Ivory Coast) 56: Influence of artificial substrata on mycorrhization of micropropagated fruit trees in a horticultural system 57: Occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on Douglas fir and Western hemlock seedlings 58: Effects of cadmium on ectomycorrhizal pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings 59: Effects of simulated acid rain, soil contamination and mycorrhizal infection on Picea abies seedlings 60: Mycorrhizal amelioration of metal toxicity to plants 61: Effect of 10 years of low-input sustainable agriculture upon VA fungi 62: Preferential cycling of phosphorus: The role of mycorrhizas 63: Nitrogen translocation through a root-free soil mediated by VA fungal hyphae 64: Early events of VA infection in host and non-host plants 65: Soil solution chemistry of ectomycorrhizal mat soils 66: Fungicide interactions with VA fungi in Ananas comosus grown in a tropical environment 67: Native populations of the Glomales influenced by terracing and fertilization under cultivated potato in the tropical highlands of Africa 68: Mycorrhizas in African Miombo Savanna woodlands 69: Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Kenya 70: Axenic sand culture for the study of mycorrhizal root systems and their rhizospheres 71: Do ectomycorrhizas affect uptake and toxicity of metals in roots of Norway spruce? 72: Nitrogen transport and depletion of soil nitrogen by external hyphae of VA mycorrhizas 73: Effects of nitrogen application on ericoid mycorrhiza of Calluna vulgris on a Danish heathland 74: Enhanced growth of external VA mycorrhizal hyphae in soil amended with straw 75: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in forest nurseries 76: Effects of organjc matter removal on fruitbody production of ectomycorrhizal fungi in stands of Pinus sylvestris 77: Results of ectomycorrhizal inoculation of pine species with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris in Korea 78: Ecology of ectomycorrhiza and ectomycorrhizal fungi in Norway spruce forest ecosystems of Sumava Mts, Czechoslovakia 79: Production of siderophores by ectomycorrhizal fungi 80: Fungal mass in sporophores, mycorrhizas and living mycelia in Scots pine stands along a pollution gradient in the Oulu region of Finland 81: Effect of lead on the growth of eccomycorrhizal fungi 82: The role of VA mycorrhiza and soil phosphate in the early life history of the bluebell, Hyacinthoides non-scripta 83: Inoculation with Glomus intraradix improves growth of Acacia nilotica under non-sterile nursery conditions in Ethiopia 84: VA-Rhizobium interaction in productivity and nutrient content of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) 85: The development of ectomycorrhizal infection, and its relationship to seedling growth 86: Auxin production and mycorrhizal ‘virulence’ 87: Immunological aspects of the characterization of Tuber magnatum and Tuber albidum 88: Comparison of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Russula ochroleuca on several tree species 89: Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by use of immunological techniques 90: Mycorrhizal status of Quercus and Fagus in Latium (central Italy) 91: Effects of liming and N-fertilization on ectomycorrhizas in a mature beech stand in the Soiling area (Germany) 92: Examination of single spore cu ltures of VA fungi by isoenzyme patterns after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 93: The role of mycorrhiza in the transfer of nitrogen from white clover to perennial ryegrass in pasture ecosystems 94: Seasonal variation in occurrence of VA mycorrhizal i nfection types in a Danish grassland community 95: Studies of the extension of individual mycelia of VA mycorrhizal fungi in natural vegetation 96: Effect of specific ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth of beech seedlings in damaged stands 97: Occurrence of ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizas on Gaultheria shallon and Rhododendron macrophyllum seedlings grown in soils from the Oregon coast range 98: Reaction of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to different stress factors after mycorrhizal infection 99: Dissolution and immobilization of phosphorus and cadmium from rock phosphates by eccomycorrhizal fungi 100: Reaction of the natural Norway spruce mycorrhizal flora to liming and acid irrigation 101: Differential effects of fungicides on VA fungal viability and efficiency 102: Are hydrophobic eccomycorrhizas important for microbial activity in the forest soil? 103: The effects of Cu and Ni on the axenic growth and on the element composition of Cenococcum geophilum and Suillus variegatus 104: The influence of organic and inorganic fertilization on the development of indigenous VA fungi in roots of red clover 105: Propagule production by VA fungi in red clover plants subjected to periodic removal of the aerial parts 106: Acceleration of VA m ycorrhiza development by bacteria or fungicides 107: Influence of water status on VA infection and growth of Festuca rubra 108: VA mycorrhizal colonization of maize in an industrially polluted soil and heavy metal transfer to the plant 109: The possible application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Tuber albidum ectomycorrhizas 35: Short-term Changes in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spore Populations in Terminalia Plantations in Cameroon 36: Long-term Changes in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spore Populations in Terminalia Plantations in Cote d’Ivoire 37: Heterogeneity and Scale in Tropical Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation 38: Mycorrhizal Studies in Dipterocarp Forests in Indonesia 39: Controlled Mycorrhization of Eucalypts 31: The Role of Ericoid Mycorrhizas in the Nitrogen Nutrition and Ecology of Heathland Ecosystems 32: Mycorrhizal Aspects of Improved Growth of Spruce when Grown in Mixed Stands on Heathlands 33: Chitin Degradation by Hymenoscyphus ericae and the Influence of H. ericae on the Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 34: Effect of Ferric Iron on the Release of Siderophores by Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi 19: Soil Disturbance in Native Ecosystems – the Decline and Recover of Infectivity of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi 20: Soil Disturbance and the Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in an Agricultural Ecosystem 21: Development of Mycorrhizal Patches in a Successional Arid Ecosystem 22: Extraradical Hyphal Development of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Chronosequence of Prairie Restorations 23: Interactions between Soil-dwelling Insects and Mycorrhizas during Early Plant Succession 24: Are Mycorrhizal Fungi Present in Early Stages of Primary Succession? 25: The Use of 15N to Assess the Role of VA Mycorrhiza in Plant N Nutrition and its Application to Evaluate the Role of Mycor rhiza in Restoring Mediterranean Ecosystems 26: Use of VA Mycorrhizas in Agriculture: Problems and Prospects 27: Mycorrhizas,Forest Disturbance and Regeneration in the Pacific Northwestern United States 28: Studies on the Effects of S02 and 03 on the Mycorrhizas of Scots Pine by Observations Above and Below Ground 29: Sequences of Sheathing (Ecto-) Mycorrhi zal Fungi Associated with Man-made Forests, Temperate and Tropical 30: Mycorrhizal Succession and Morel Biology 10: The Ecological Potential of the Eccomycorrhizal Mycelium 11: Ecromycorrhizal Rhizomorphs: Organs of Contact 12: Uptake and Translocation of Nutrients by Eccomycorrhizal Fungal Mycelia 13: Mycorrhizal Mat Communities in Forest Soils 14: Ecological Role of Specificity Phenomena in Ectomycorrhizal Plant Communities: Potentials for lnterplant Linkages and Guild Development 15: Effects of Liming on Pine Ectomycorrhiza 16: Variations in Field Response of Forest Trees to Nursery Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation in Europe 17: Somatic Incompatibility - A Tool to Reveal Spatiotemporal Mycelial Structures of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 18: Mixed Associations of Fungi in Ectomycorrhizal Roots 1: Nutrient Dynamics at the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) 2: Mycophyllas and Mycorrhizas: Comparisons and Contrasts 3: Why are some Plants more Mycorrhizal than Others? An Ecological Enquiry 4: What is the Role of VA Mycorrhizal Hyphae in Soil? 5: Contribution of Mycorrhizal Hyphae to Nutrient and Water Uptake of Plants 6: Phosphorus Transport by External Hyphae of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizas 7: Mycorrhizal Infection of Wild Oats: Parental Effects on Offspring Nutrient Dynamics, Growth and Reproduction 8: Mycorrhizas, Seed Size and Seedling Establishment in a Low Nutrient Environment 9: The Nature of Fungal Species in Glomales (Zygomycetes)

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Book SynopsisNematodes are major pests of a number of temperate crops and can cause significant economic losses to farmers. This book provides a comprehensive account of such parasites, with chapters focusing on nematode pests of the main crops of importance in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Written by leading authorities from the USA, UK, Canada, France, Netherlands, Australia, Bolivia and New Zealand this book is a definitive reference work for plant pathologists in general, and nematologists in particular.Table of Contents1: Extraction, identification and control of plant parasitic nematodes, D J Hooper and K Evans 2: Modelling population dynamics and yield losses and their use in nematode management, R McSorley and M S Phillips 3: Nematode parasites of potatoes, B B Brodie, K Evans and J Franco 4: Nematode parasites of sugar beet, D Cooke 5: Nematode pests of vegetable crops, J W Potter and T H A Olthof 6: Nematode pests of oilseed crops and grain legumes, R D Riggs and T L Niblack 7: Nematode pests of cereals, R Rivoal and R Cook 8: Nematode pests of grassland and forage crops, R Cook and G W Yeates 9: Nematode pests of forest trees, J R Sutherland and J M Webster 10: Nematode pests of deciduous fruit and nut trees, A P Nyczepir and J M Halbrendt 11: Nematode pests of soft fruits and vines, D L Trudgill, D J F Brown and A Dalmasso 12: Nematode pests of ornamental and bulb crops, J F Southey 13: Nematode pests of glasshouse crops and mushrooms, P N Richardson and P S Grewal 14: Molecular aids to nematode diagnosis, J Curran and M P Robinson 15: Entomogenous and entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control, H K Kaya 16: Quarantine: Problems and solutions, J Cotten and H van Riel 17: Cellular and molecular approaches to the control of plant parasitic nematodes, P R Burrows and M G K Jones

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the underlying principles of acarology.Table of Contents1: Integument and Moulting 2: Segmentation, Musculature and Legs 3: Circulation, Nervous System and Sense Organs 4: Respiratory Systems 5: Mouthparts 6: Feeding and Adaptations of the Mouthparts 7: Alimentary Canal, Prosomatic Glands and Digestion 8: Excretion and Osmoregulation 9: Reproductive Systems 10: Methods of Spenn Transfer, Mating Behaviour and Oviposition 11: Development and Dispersal 12: Classification of the Acari

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Book SynopsisPesticides continue to be a major means of controlling pests and diseases of crops and have made a major contribution to increasing the world's food production. Despite the problem of developing pest and disease resistance to certain pesticides, and public concern about their indiscriminate use and side-effects, they are likely to remain the basis of integrated pest management programmes. However, as this book seeks to demonstrate, there is scope to improve both the safety and efficiency of crop protection methods. The emphasis of the book is on methods of assessment and on application techniques to particular categories of crops. Written by leading authorities from Europe and North America, the book provides detailed reviews of relevant topics. It is essential reading for all researchers, advanced students and professionals concerned with crop protection, whether from the disciplines of entomology, plant pathology, weed science or agricultural engineering.Table of ContentsPart I: General Issues 1: Application technology for crop protection: An introduction, E C Hislop 2: Safety aspects and legislation trends, H Pfalzer 3: Droplet production, A H Lefebvre Part II: Methods of Assessment 4: Methods for measuring spray droplet sizes, C S Parkin 5: Spray tracing techniques, B K Cooke and E C Hislop 6: Spray drift and its measurement, P C H Miller 7: Operator exposure to pesticides, G Chester Part III: Application techniques 8: Application to field crops: Manually carried equipment, G A Matthews 9: Large-scale ground-based application techniques, T H Robinson 10: Application to plantation crops, F R Hall 11: Aerial application to ground crops, A Lavers 12: Aerial application to forests, J W Barry 13: Glasshouse treatment, R K Lindquist, C C Powell and F R Hall 14: Adjuvants in spray formulation in relation to foliar application of herbicides, P N P Chow 15: Insecticide application in stores, G A Matthews 16: Chemigation, C C Dowler 17: Seed treatment, P B Clayton

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Book SynopsisThe book is based on papers presented at a conference held in Oxford in March 1993 under the BRIDGE-COST-88 programme developed by the Commission of the European Communities. A wide range of fungi, which are pathogens of a variety of crop and ornamental plants, is covered and the book is aimed at postgraduate students and research workers in mycology and plant pathology, including those involved in routine testing of plants for quarantine or other purposes.Table of Contents1: Introduction Part 1: Quarantine Criteria 2: Plant Host Status and Natural Resistance 3: Statistical Concept and Minimum Threshold Concept Part 2: Physiological and Biochemical Response of Insects to Possible Disinfestation Procedures 4: Chemical Fumigants 5: Irradiation 6: Heat and Cold Treatments 7: Controlled Atmospheres Part 3: Product Physiological and Biochemical Response to Possible Disinfestation Procedures 8: Chemical Treatments 9: Irradiation 10: Heat and Cold Treatments 11: Controlled Atmospheres 12: Modelling Heat and Cold Transfer 13: Heat Treatment Facilities Part 4: Individual Product Treatments 14: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 15: Temperate Fruits 16: Vegetables 17: Ornamentals and Flowers

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive, species-by-species account of all the world's tree-dwelling aphids. It can be used both as an identification guide by entomologists and taxonomists, and as a database in studies of biosystematics and biodiversity. In all, 1758 aphid species are covered, feeding on trees in 355 genera. There are detailed host lists and illustrated keys to the aphids colonising each tree genus, followed by a systematic treatment of the aphid species in alphabetical order of genera, with information on appearance in life, host range, distribution, life cycle and natural enemies. There are 722 drawings, 108 photographs and more than 1800 literature references. The volume will be a standard reference for workers in entomology and forestry.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: The association between aphids and trees 3: Life cycles and polymorphism 4: The trees and their aphids 5: Notes on the use of section 6: Morphology and key characters 7: Host lists and keys for each tree genus (in alphabetical order) 8: Keys to polyphagous aphids 9: The aphids 10: Introduction to the section 11: Systematic treatment of aphid genera (in alphabetical order) 12: Techniques 13: Collecting 14: Preservation and mounting 15: Labelling and storage 16: Bibliography 17: Regionally classified works on tree-dwelling aphids 18: List of references 19: Index to aphid species names 20: Photographs of slide-mounted aphids

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Book SynopsisProponents of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) advocate its use to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture, since excessive pesticide use may be a threat to both human health and the environment. Proponents of biotechnology believe that the use of novel products, such as transgenic plants with insect resistance, will reduce the need for chemical pesticides. However the use of such novel products within IPM systems may also create potential risks. This volume reviews such issues and discusses the potential benefits of and constraints to the applications of biotechnology in IPM systems, especially in developing countries. It also considers the related policy issues confronting decision-makers in national agricultural research systems and international development agencies. The book consists of revised versions of papers presented at a conference hosted by the Rockefeller Foundation and held in Bellagio, Italy in October 1993.Table of ContentsSection One: Linking Biotechnology and Integrated Pest Management 1: Needs and opportunities, Max J Whittan, Richard A Jefferson and David Dall 2: Integrated pest management and biotechnology: An analysis of their potential for integration, Jeff Waage 3: Integrated pest management in developing countries, Lim Guan Soon Section Two: Case Studies of IPM Integration and of Using Biocontrol Agents in IPM Systems 4: Integrated pest management: Rice case-study, Peter E Kenmore 5: Soybean in Brazi,l Flavio Moscardi and D R Sosa-Gómez 6: India: An overview, Nandini V Katre 7: Cassava in Africa, Hans R Herren Section Three: Using Biotechnology for New Biocontrol Agents 8: Biological products for IPM, Pamela Marrone 9: Novel biocontrol agents, Marjorie A Hoy Section Four: Biotechnology and Plant Breeding 10: Marker-assisted plant breeding, Rebecca J Nelson 11: Modern plant breeding: an Overview, Ivan W Buddenhagen Section Five: Case Studies: Transgenic Plants in IPM Systems 12: Insect-resistant crop plants, David A Fischhoff 13: Cotton in Australia, W James Peacock, D J Llewellyn and G P Fitt 14: Virus-resistant transgenic plants, Roger Beachy Section Six: Alternative Strategies with Transgenes for Insect Resistance 15: Can we slow adaptation by pests to insect resistant transgenic crops?, Richard T Roush 16: Deploying pesticidal crops in developing countries, Fred Gould Section Seven: Other Components in IPM Systems 17: New diagnostics, Mark E Whalon 18: Virus/vector control, Michael E Irwin and Lowell R Nault Section Eight: New Opportunities 19: Vector control, Elizabeth Evans 20: Insect vectors of human diseases, Christopher F Curtis 21: Molecular genetics Veronica Rodriguêz and K Vijiy Raghavan Section Nine: Investment Implications and Future Directions 22: A view from industry, Ben J Mifflin 23: Future directions for international development agencies, Gabrielle J Persley, Gary Toennisen and Peter Dart

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Book SynopsisThis practical guide covers the commonly used detection methods for seed-transmitted viruses and viroids that affect both tropical and temperate crops. It contains 25 complete step-by-step procedures for biological, serological and molecular techniques to detect and identify such viruses. Combining helpful practical notes with more detailed explanations of the principles behind the techniques, the book describes the general characteristics of seed-transmitted viral diseases and discusses outlines for the organization and interpretation of seed health assays. The techniques reviewed are also applicable to non-seed-transmitted viral agents.Table of ContentsPART I: Introduction 1: Seed transmission of viruses 2: Ecology, epidemiology and control PART II: Biological assays 3: Serological testing methods 4: Nucleic acid-based testing methods 5: Nucleic acid hybridization 6: Epilogue i: Appendix 1. List of seed-transmitted viruses and viroids ii: Appendix 2. Reagents, solutions and buffers iii: Appendix 3. Suppliers of laboratory equipment and materials

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Book SynopsisThis book documents and illustrates major developments in the use of nematodes for the biological control of insects and slugs. It covers the use of three main types of nematodes: entomopathogenic nematodes, entomophilic nematodes and slug-parasitic nematodes. The biology, commercial production, formulation and quality control, application technology, strategy and safety of each of these three nematode groups is discussed. The book also examines the application of nematodes in different cropping systems, and the efficacy of nematodes against specific pests. The potential of predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes and mycophagous nematodes to control fungal pathogens is also reviewed.Table of ContentsPART 1: NEMATODE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY 1: Morphology and Taxonomy of Nematodes Used in Biocontrol , S P Stock, University of Arizona, USA, and D J Hunt, CABI Bioscience, Surrey, UK PART 2: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES 2: Biology and Behavior, C Griffin, National University of Ireland, UK, N Boemare, Université Montpellier II, France, and E E Lewis, Virginia Technology Institute, USA 3: Mass Production, R-U Ehlers and D I Shapiro-Ilan 4: Formulation and Quality, P S Grewal, and A Peters, e-nema GmbH, Germany 5: Application Technology, D J Wright, Imperial College London, UK, A Peters, S Schroer, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany, and J Patterson Fife, Battelle Memorial Institute, USA 6: Forum on Safety and Regulation, R-U Ehlers 7: Lawn, Turfgrass and Pasture Applications, P S Grewal, A M Koppenhöfer, Rutgers University, USA, and H Y Choo, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea 8: Glasshouse Applications, M Tomalak, Institute of Plant Protection, Poland, S Piggot, Littlehampton, UK and G B Jagdale, Ohio State University, USA 9: Nursery and Tree Application, R W H M van Tol, Wageningen-UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands and M J Raupp, University of Maryland, USA 10: Mushroom Applications, S Jess, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, H Schweizer, Queen's University of Belfast, and M Kirkpatrick, NIHPBS Loughgall, County Armagh, UK 11: Orchard Applications, D I Shapiro-Ilan, L W Duncan, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, USA, L A Lacey, USDA-ARS, Washington, USA and R Han, Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China 12: Soft Fruit Applications, R S Cowles, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, USA, S Polavarapu, (Deceased), R N Williams, Ohio State University, USA, A Thies, e-nema, France, and R-U Ehlers 13: Vegetable and Tuber Crop Applications, G Belair, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Canada, D J Wright, and G Curto, Servizio Fitosanitario Regione emilia-Romagna, Italy 14: Cereal, Fiber, Medicinal, and Oilseed Crop Applications, H E Cabanillas, USDA ARS, USA, R J Wright, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA and R V Vyas, Gujarat Agricultural University, India 15: Forestry Applications, P Torr and M J Wilson, University of Aberdeen, UK and S Heritage, Forestry Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, UK 16: Applications for the Control of Pests of Humans and Animals, I Glazer, Volcani Center, Israel, M Samish, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet-Dagan, Israel, and F G del Pino, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain 17: Application for Social Insect Control, D H Gouge, University of Arizona, USA 18: A Systems Approach to Conservation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, M Barbercheck, Pennsylvania State University, USA, and C W Hoy, Ohio State University, USA 19: Interactions with Plant-parasitic Nematodes, E E Lewis and P S Grewal 20: Compatibility and Interactions with Agrochemicals and Other Biocontrol Agents, A M Koppenhöfer and P S Grewal PART 3: ENTOMOPHILIC NEMATODES 21: Application of Beddingia siricidicola for Sirex Wood Wasp Control, R A Bedding, CSIRO, Australia and E T Iede, EMBRAPA Florestas, Brazil 22: The Entomophilic Thripinema, J E Funderburk and K Sims Latsha, University of Florida, USA 23: Mermithid Nematodes, E G Platzer, B A Mullens, University of California, Riverside, USA and M M Shamseldean, Cairo University, Egypt PART 4: SLUG-PARASITIC NEMATODES 24: Biology, Production, and Formulation of Slug-parasitic Nematodes, M J Wilson and P S Grewal 25: Field Application of Slug-parasitic Nematodes, A Ester, Applied Plant Research Ltd, The Netherlands and M J Wilson PART 5: PREDATORY NEMATODES 26: Potential of Predatory Nematodes to Control Plant-parasitic Nematodes, A L Bilgrami and C Brey, Rutgers University, USA PART 6: FUNGAL FEEDING NEMATODES 27: Potential of Fungal Feeding Nematodes for the Control of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens, N Ishibashi, Saga University, Japan PART 7: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 28: Critical Issues and Research Needs for Expanding the Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol, P S Grewal, R-U Ehlers and D I Shapiro-Ilan

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an invaluable review of the current methodologies used for assessing the environmental impacts of invertebrate biological agents used to control pests in agriculture and forestry. It explores methods to evaluate post-release effects and the environmental impact of dispersal, displacement and establishment of invertebrate biological control agents. It covers methodology on screening for contaminants, the use of molecular methods for species identification and the determination of interbreeding. The book also discusses the use and application of information on zoogeographical zones, statistical methods and risk-benefit analysis. It gives practical advice on how to perform science-based risk assessments and on how to use new technology and information.Table of Contents1: Current status and constraints in the assessment of non-target effects, 2: Selection of Non-Target Species for Host Specificity Testing, 3: Host Specificity in Arthropod Biological Control, Methods for Testing and Interpretation of the Data, 4: Measuring and Predicting Indirect Impacts of Biological control: Competition, displacement, and secondary interactions, 5: Risks of Interbreeding between species used in biological control and native species, and methods for evaluating its occurrence and impact, 6: Assessing the establishment potential of inundative biological control agents, 7: Methods for Monitoring the Dispersal of Natural Enemies from Point Source Releases Associated with Augmentative Biological Control, 8: Risks of plant damage caused by natural enemies introduced for arthropod biological control, 9: Methods for assessment of contaminants of invertebrate biological control agents and Associated Risks, 10: Post-Release Evaluation of Non-Target Effects of Biological Control Agents, 11: Molecular Methods for the Identification of biological control Agents at the species and strain level, 12: The usefulness of the Ecoregion Concept for safer import of Invertebrate biological control Agents, 13: Statistical tools to improve the quality of experiments and Data Analysis for assessing non-target effects, 14: Principles of environmental risk assessment with Emphasis on the New Zealand Perspective, 15: Environmental risk assessment: methods for comprehensive evaluation and quick scan, 16: Balancing environmental risks and benefits: a Basic Approach,

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Book SynopsisSoilborne diseases have, until recently, received less attention than plant diseases affecting the shoot and foliage. However, this is not a reflection of their economic importance, but rather of difficulties in investigating and detecting pathogens below soil level. Many soilborne diseases are stress related and it is in the tropics where crop growth is particularly limited by environmental stress, predisposing crops to infection by soilborne pathogens. There is thus a great need for information on soilborne diseases of crops in the tropics. This book aims to fill this need by providing reviews of relevant research. It covers the major tropical crops and also includes general chapters on principles, ecology and control. Written by leading research workers from countries including the UK, USA, Australia and India, it will be indispensable for plant pathologists working in this area.Table of ContentsPart 1: INTRODUCTION 1: Soilborne Diseases and Their Importance in Tropical Agriculture R J Hillocks, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK and J M Waller, International Mycological Institute, Egham, Surrey UK 2: Field and Laboratory Methods for Studying Soilborne Diseases J A G Irwin, Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Part 2: SOILBORNE DISEASES OF SPECIFIC CROPS 3: Cereal Crops D R Sumner, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, Tifton, Georgia, USA 4: Food Legumes D J Allen, Honiton, Devon, UK 5: Root and Tuber Crops S A Simons, CAB INTERNATIONAL, Regional Office for Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Vegetable Crops G L Hartman, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA and L E Datnoff, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA 7: Bananas and Plantains S R Gowen, University of Reading, Crop Protection Research Unit, Reading, UK 8: Citrus J A Menge, University of California, Riverside, California, USA and S Nemec, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, Florida, USA 9: Beverage Crops and Palms J M Waller and M Holderness, International Mycological Institute, Egham, Surrey, UK 10: Annual Oilseed Crops S J Kolte, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, India 11: Sugarcane B T Egan, R C Magarey, and B J Croft, Bureau of Sugar Experimental Stations (BSES), Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia 12: Cotton and Tropical Fibres R J Hillocks 13: Rubber A de S Liyanage, Rubber Research Institute, Agalawatta, Sri Lanka, currently at Australian Plant Quarantine and Inspection Service, Barton, Canberra, Australia. Part 3: ECOLOGY AND CONTROL 14: Associations between Soilborne Pathogens and other Soil-Inhabiting Microorganisms R J Hillocks and J M Waller 15: Abiotic Factors and Soilborne Diseases C M Liddell, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 16: Effect of Cultivation Practices and Cropping Systems on Soilborne Diseases J Palti, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet Dagan, Israel and J Katan, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot , Israel 17: Chemical and Biological Control R Rodríguez-Kábana and N Kokalis-Burelle, Auburn University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, Auburn, Alabama, USA 18: Host-plant Resistance and Integrated Control J M Waller and R J Hillocks

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Book SynopsisTermites are of great interest to both entomologists and those concerned with pest management. On the one hand their complex social systems and nest building make them fascinating for students of insect behaviour, while on the other they are major pests of crops and buildings in the tropics and subtropics. This book provides a general scientific introduction to the termites, including their biology, behaviour, pest status and control. Commonly used ecological and laboratory techniques are described in appendices. There has been no such general book published for many years and so this title will fill a definite gap in the market. It is aimed at advanced students of entomology and pest management, as well as professionals concerned with urban and agricultural pest control.Table of Contents1: Termites as Insects 2: What is a termite? 3: Evolution 4: Relationship to cockroaches 5: Castes of termites 6: Classification of termites 7: Distribution 8: World distribution 9: Pest distribution 10: Factors affecting distribution 11: Termite Biology and Behaviour 12: Communication 13: Feeding 14: Water requirements 15: Defence 16: Foraging 17: Nest building 19: Nest Systems 20: Nest types 21: Termitophiles 22: Termite Ecology 23: Soil type 24: Vegetation types 25: Benefits to the environment 26: Environmental factors 27: Predators and parasites 28: Other uses of Termites 29: Termites as Pests 30: Food preferences 31: Damage recognition and detection 32: Damage assessment 33: Control Methods 34: Chemical control 35: Physical and cultural control 36: Biological control 37: Safety 38: Future control 39: Appendices 40: Index

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Book SynopsisEntomology as a branch of biological science has undergone rapid expansion and development in recent decades. There have been major advances in the technologies associated with pest management and the ecological studies that underpin much of this work. Greater emphasis is now placed on topics such as modelling and biochemical techniques, with new approaches to the study of insect behaviour and insecticide efficacy making inroads into traditional approaches. This book aims to integrate the new approaches and technologies with traditional and well-proven methods. It provides a critical analysis and evaluation of methods available, through reference to general principles, but emphasis is also placed on providing detailed descriptions of methods and their application. Written by leading authorities from the UK, USA and Australia, the book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in entomology and pest management.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Sampling, handling and rearing insects 3: Methods in studying insect behaviour 4: Quantifying insect populations: Estimates and parameters 5: Techniques for quantifying insect migration 6: Evaluation of factors affecting host plant selection with an emphasis on studying behaviour 7: Statistical aspects of field experiments 8: Injury, damage and threshold concepts 9: Techniques in the study of insect pollination 10: Techniques to evaluate insecticide efficacy 11: Techniques to evaluate the efficacy of natural enemies 12: Biochemical and molecular techniques 13: Modelling

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Book SynopsisGenetics has transformed plant pathology on two occasions: first when Mendelian genetics enabled the discovery that disease resistance was a heritable trait in plants, and secondly when Flor proposed the gene-for-gene hypothesis to explain his observations of plant-parasite interactions, based on his work on flax rust in North Dakota starting in the 1930s. Our knowledge of the genetics of disease resistance and host-pathogen coevolution is now entering a new phase as a result of the cloning of the first resistance genes. This book provides a broad review of recent developments in this important and expanding subject. Both agricultural and natural host-pathogen situations are addressed. While most of the book focuses on plant pathology, in the usual sense of the term embracing fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, there is also consideration of parasitic plants and a chapter demonstrating lessons to be learnt from the mammalian immune system. Three overall themes are addressed: geneticTable of Contents1: Contributors 2: Preface Part One: Genetic Analyses and Utilization of Resistance 3: Organization of Resistance Genes in Arabidopsis, 4: Genetic Fine Structure of Resistance Loci, 5: Mutation Analysis for the Dissection of Resistance, 6: Cultivar Mixtures in Intensive Agriculture, 7: Crop Resistance to Parasitic Plants, Part Two: Population Genetics 8: The UK Cereal Pathogen Virulence Survey, 9: Adaptation of Powdery Mildew Populations to Cereal Varieties in Relation to Durable and Non-durable Resistance 10: Virulence Dynamics and Genetics of Cereal Rust Populations in North America, 11: Interpreting Population Genetic Data with the Help of Genetic Linkage Maps U E Brändle, 12: Modelling Virulence Dynamics of Airborne Plant Pathogens in Relation to Selection by Host Resistance in Agricultural Crops, 13: An Epidemiological Approach to Modelling the Dynamics of Gene-for-gene Interactions, 14: Modelling Gene Frequency Dynamics, 15: The Genetic Structure of Natural Pathosystems, 16: The Evolution of Gene-for-Gene Interactions in Natural Pathosystems, Part Three: Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics 17: Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Gene-for-Gene Interactions, 18: The Molecular Genetics of Specificity Determinants in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 19: Molecular Characterization of Fungal Avirulence, 20: The Molecular Genetics of Plant-Virus Interactions, 21: Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance: An End to the “Gene-for-Gene” Concept?, 22: Elicitor Generation and Receipt - The Mail Gets Through, But How?, 23: Learning from the Mammalian Immune System in the Wake of The R-Gene Flood, 24: Genetic Disease Control in Plants - Where Now?, 25: Index

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Book SynopsisThrips have recently surged to prominence as insect pests of field, plantation and glasshouse crops in many countries, associated with increased international trade in fresh vegetables, fruit, flowers and plant propagation material. They can cause direct feeding damage to the aerial parts of plants, resulting in yield loss and spoilage, and some are vectors of destructive plant viruses. Their minute size and secretive habits make them particularly difficult to detect and control. This book, containing contributions from several world authorities from Europe, the USA and Asia, is the most comprehensive treatise on thrips as crop pests ever to be published. It brings together a vast amount of modern work set against a wealth of background knowledge, covering basic biology, ecology, applied science and pest control. The result is a book indispensable for agricultural advisers and growers concerned with thrips pests, and a unique reference source and stimulus for research entomologists stuTable of Contentsi: Contributors ii: Preface iii: Acknowledgements 1: Pest thrips in perspective T Lewis 2: Structure, growth and development G Moritz 3: Host selection, communication and reproductive behaviour L I Terry 4: Feeding W D J Kirk 5: Flight and dispersal T Lewis 6: Biological diversity L A Mound 7: Distribution, abundance and population dynamics W D J Kirk 8: Predation by insects and mites M W Sabelis and P C J Van Rijn 9: Interaction with hymenopterous parasitoids and parasitic nematodes A J M Loomans, T Murai and I D Greene 10: Fungal pathogens of thrips T M Butt and M Brownbridge 11: Field and laboratory techniques T Lewis 12: Culturing thrips and parasitoids A J M Loomans and T Murai 13: Feeding and oviposition injuries to plants C C Childers 14: Thrips as vectors of plant pathogens D E Ullman, J S Sherwood and T L German 15: Chemical control T Lewis 16: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of field crops M P Parrella and T Lewis 17: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in tree crops B L Parker and M Skinner 18: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in glasshouses R J Jacobson iv: Appendix 1: Thrips species cited with authorities and common names v: Appendix 2: Major crops infested by thrips with main symptoms and predominant injurious species vi: Appendix 3: Tree crops, associated thrips and components of control vii: Index

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Book SynopsisA number of species of Thysanoptera (thrips) are increasingly important crop pests in many parts of the world, as well as in some cases being vectors of plant disease. Communicating the known information about a species of organism is dependent on our ability to recognise or identify it accurately. This book is a completely revised and rewritten edition of the standard, widely used manual on these minute flying insects written by J M Palmer, L A Mound and G J du Heaume and published in 1989 as CIE Guides to Insects of Importance to Man 2. Thysanoptera, which provides a practical identification guide on a worldwide scale. The previous version posed problems for students in terms of fluency in English & knowledge of dichotomous keys. However, this thoroughly updated edition incorporates a new set of pictorial keys, which have been developed and used very successfully for training courses at the International Institute of Entomology and which will greatly enhance the ability of the non-spTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: Publications About Thrips 3: Biology 4: Biological Diversity 5: Life Cycles 6: Sex Determination and Sexual Dimorphism 7: Dispersal 8: Feeding 9: Economic Importance of Thrips 10: Feeding Damage 11: Virus Transmission 12: Direct Effects 13: Beneficial Thrips 14: Preparatory Techniques for Identifications 15: Thrips Classification 16: Thrips Identification 17: Characters Used in Identifications 18: Visual Keys to Genera 19: Figures for Species Keys 20: Sub-order Terebrantia 21: Family Merothripidae 22: Family Aeolothripidae 23: Family Heterothripidae 24: Family Adiheterothripidae 25: Family Thripidae 26: Sub-family Panchaetothripinae 27: Sub-family Thripinae 28: Sub-order Tubulifera 29: Family Phlaeothripidae 30: Sub-family Idolothripinae 31: Sub-family Phlaeothripinae I: Bibliography II: Glossary III: Host Plant Index IV: Genera and Species Index

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Book SynopsisThe two closely related species of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis (Woll) and Globodera pallida Stone have a worldwide distribution. Both are internationally recognized plant quarantine organisms of actual or potential major economic importance wherever potatoes are grown or traded. They occur in large soil masses and also adhere to potato tubers as microscopic cysts, which represent a complex of morphologically identical, but behaviourally different virulence groups, or pathotypes. This presents major problems for their detection, identification and management. This book is a synthesis of current practical knowledge and underpinning scientific research on PCN globally. It is arranged in five sections, comprising nineteen chapters by leading practitioners and research nematologists, in which the biology, detection, identification and control options (including plant resistance) for PCN are examined. In addition, its worldwide status is considered, including South ATable of Contents1: Introduction: Potato Cyst Nematode – An International Pest Complex 2: Potato Cyst Nematode 3: The Origins, Global Distribution & Biology of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis) & Globodera pallida Stone), S Turner, The Queen’s University of Belfast & K Evans, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station 4: The Physiology and Sensory Perception of Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera Species R N Perry, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK 5: Potato Cyst Nematodes: Species, Pathotypes and Virulence Concepts, C C Fleming, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK and T O Powers, University of Nebraska, USA 6: Detection and Identification of PCN 7: The Principles and Practice of Sampling for the Detection of Potato Cyst Nematodes, P P J Haydock, Harper Adams, UK and R N Perry, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK 8: Sample Preparation, Soil Extraction and Laboratory Facilities for the Detection of Potato Cyst Nematodes, S J Turner 9: Potato Cyst Nematode Diagnostics: Morphology, Differential Hosts and Biochemical Techniques, C C Fleming and T O Powers 10: Control Options for PCN 11: Potato Cyst Nematodes: Damage Mechanisms & Tolerance in the Potato, D Trudgill, Scottish Crop Research Institute, K Evans, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, and M Phillips, Scottish Crop Research Institute 12: Management and Regulatory Control Strategies for Potato Cysts Nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) A G Whitehead, Harpenden, UK and S J Turner 13: Population Modelling and Integrated Control Options for Potato Cyst Nematodes, M S Phillips and D L Trudgill 14: PCN Resistance 15: Breeding for Resistance to the Potato Cyst Nematodes G. rostochiensis & G. pallida: Strategies, Mechanisms & Genetic Resources, M Dale, SCRI & M De Scurrah, Centro Internacional de la Papa 16: The Evaluation and Durability of Potato Cyst Nematode Resistance in the Potato, C C Fleming 17: Engineering Resistance in the Potato to Potato Cyst Nematodes, H J Atkinson, C J Lilley, P E Urwin and M J McPherson, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 18: Worldwide Status of PCN 19: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in South America, J Franco, R Oros, N Ortuño, PROINDA, Cochabamba, Bolivia and G Main, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 20: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Western Europe, H Van Riel, Plantenziektenkkundig Dienst, Wageningen, & A Mülder, Hilbrand Laboratory for Soil-borne Pests and Diseases, The Netherlands 21: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Central Europe, the Balkans and Baltic states, R J Marks and E Rojanvcovski, Research Institute for Plant Protection, Bucharest, Romania 22: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Central and North America, B B Brodie 23: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Asia, K Zaheer, Department of Biological Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan 24: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Africa, K P N Kleynhans, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa 25: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in New Zealand and Australia , J N Marshall, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential companion volume to Quarantine Pests for Europe, 2nd Edition and Illustrations of Quarantine Pests for Europe. The three titles are the result of collaboration between CABI and EPPO in the compilation of data on the pests of phytosanitary significance for the European and Mediterranean region. This present publication provides updated geographic distributions of over 350 pests for which data sheets and illustrations are already available. A map is provided for each pest showing the current world distribution graphically. This is supported by a list of the countries and provinces in which the pest has been recorded with a coded indication of its current status. Coverage extends to insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasitic plants. The pests concerned are either entirely absent from the European and Mediterranean region (A1 list) or have a restricted distribution (A2 list). Text within the book is provided in both English and French.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Note on Distribution Codes 3: Insects and Mites 4: Nematodes 5: Fungi 6: Bacteria 7: Viruses, Virus-like Organisms and Viroids 8: Parasitic Plants

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Book SynopsisDomestic livestock in Africa are of importance not only as a source of milk and meat but also as a source of animal traction enabling farmers to cultivate larger areas, with crops providing the staple foods. Trypanosomosis, a parasitic disease transmitted cyclically by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp), is arguably still the main constraint to livestock production on the continent, preventing full use of the land to feed the rapidly increasing human population. Sleeping sickness, the disease caused in humans by species of Trypanosoma, is an important and neglected disease posing a threat to millions of people in tsetse-infested areas. Often wrongly thought of as a disease of the past, the prevalence of human sleeping sickness is increasing in many areas. Although alternative methods to control the disease are being investigated, such as immunological approaches, use of chemotherapy or exploitation of the trypanotolerance trait, it is only control or eradication of the tsetse fly vector whiTable of ContentsPart 1: Tsetse Biology and Ecology 1: Introduction 2: Classification and Anatomy 3: Biology 4: Physiology 5: Genetics 6: Sampling Tsetse Populations 7: Ecology – Distribution and Habitats 8: Behavioural Ecology 9: Population Dynamics 10: Odour Attractants Part 2: Epidemiology 11: Host–Parasite Interactions 12: Epidemiology of Human Sleeping Sickness 13: Epidemiology of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock 14: Estimation of Disease Risk – Models of Disease Transmission Part 3: Vector Control 15: Insecticidal Spraying 16: Traps and Targets 17: Application of Insecticides to Livestock 18: Non-Insecticidal Methods of Tsetse Control 19: General Issues Relating to the Successful Use of Tsetse Control Techniques Part 4: Control of Trypanosomosis 20: Control of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock

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Book SynopsisMollusc species currently constitute a major threat to sustainable agriculture. This threat is associated with cultivation of new crops, intensification of agricultural production systems and the spread through human trade and travel of species adapted to these modified environments. In some crops their significance is only now becoming apparent with the decline in the importance of other pest groups which can be effectively controlled. The book focuses on: toxicology of chemicals; deployment of molluscicides in baits; specific crop situations worldwide; current pest status of mollusc species and progress towards development of solutions.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Chemical control of terrestrial gastropods, I Henderson and R Trieskorn 3: Molluscicidal baits for control of terrestrial gastropods, S Bailey 4: Achatina fulica Bowdich and other Achatinidae as pests in tropical agriculture, S K Raut and G M Barker 5: Vaginulidae in Central America, with emphasis on the bean slug Sarasinula plebeia (Fischer), A Rueda et al. 6: Apple snails (Ampullariidae) as agricultural pests: their biology, impacts and management,R Cowie 7: Helicidae and Hygromiidae as pests in cereal crops and pastures in Southern Australia, G Baker 8: Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae as pests of rice, with particular reference to Isidorella newcombi (Adams & Angus), M Stevens 9: Urocyclus flavescens Keferstein (Urocyclidae) as a pest of banana in South Africa, K de Jager 10: Bradybaena similaris (de Férussac) (Bradybaenidae) as a pest in grapevines of Taiwan, C P Chang 11: Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European sunflower and maize, G Hommay 12: Helicidae and Hygromiidae as pests in Australian and South African grapevines, G Sanderson and W Sirgel 13: Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European cereals, D Glen and R Moens 14: Agriolimacidae and Arionidae as pests in conservation-tillage soybean and corn cropping in North America, R Hammond and R Byers 15: Bradybaena ravida (Benson) (Bradybaenidae) in cereal-cotton rotations of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen De-niu et al. 16: Agriolimacidae and Arionidae as pests in lucerne and other legumes in forage systems of northeastern North America, R Byers 17: Gastropods as pests in vegetable and ornamental crops in Western Europe, G Port and A Ester 18: Integrated management of Cantareus aspersus (Müller) (Helicidae) as a pest of citrus in California, N Sakovich 19: Gastropods as pests in New Zealand pastoral agriculture, with emphasis on Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae, G Barker 20: Agriolimacidea, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European oilseed rape, R Moens and D M Glen

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Book SynopsisThe book describes the natural history of myxoma virus in American rabbits and the history of its introduction into European rabbits at length. The changes in rabbit and virus over the last forty years provide the classical example of coevolution of a virus and its vertebrate host and a paradigmatic model for the understanding of an emerging infectious disease. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus has been spreading in Australia for only three years, but in some areas has been very effective. Written by leading world experts in animal virology and the history of medicine.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Acknowledgements 3: Pest Animals and Plants 4: The Rabbit 5: Biological Control of Pests 6: The Discovery of Myxoma Virus 7: The Disease Myxomatosis in the European Rabbit 8: The Introduction of Myxomatosis into Australia 9: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1952 to 1966 10: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1967 to 1997 11: Myxomatosis in France 12: Myxomatosis Elsewhere in Europe 13: The Use of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus for Rabbit Control 14: Ecological and Environmental Effects of Rabbits 15: Theoretical Aspects of Microbial Control of Vertebrate Pests 16: Coevolution of Parasites and Hosts 17: Glossary 18: Name Index 19: Subject Index

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Book SynopsisSince the identification of insect pheromones in the late 1950s, attention has often focused on the use of these potent behaviour-modifying chemicals as pest control agents. Much of this interest has concentrated on Lepidoptera, particularly moths. In addressing this topic in other insect orders, this multi-author book fills this current gap in the literature. It presents research from leading authorities on the most important insect groups, and details the current progress of research in these areas. Applications of the research to agricultural systems around the world, and possible mechanisms for sustainable crop protection, are considered. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in entomology and crop protection.Table of ContentsPart I: Pests 1: Fruit Flies, PJ Landolt, USDA–ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USA and A L Averill, University of Massachusetts, USA 2: Gall Midges, M O Harris and S P Foster, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, New Zealand 3: Scarab Beetles, W Soares Leal, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Japan 4: Sap Beetles, R J Bartelt, USDA–ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USA 5: Weevils, R J Bartelt 6: Forest Beetles, F Schlyter, Swedish Agricultural University, Sweden and G A Birgersson, Göteborg University, Sweden 7: Stored-product Beetles, R Plarre, BAM–Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Germany and D C Vanderwel, University of Winnipeg, Canada 8: Sawflies and Seed Wasps, O Anderbrant, Lund University, Sweden 9: Aphids, J Hardie, J A Pickett, E M Pow and D W M Smiley, IACR–Rothamsted, UK 10: Scale Insects, E Dunkelblum, Agricultural Research Organisation, Israel 11: Phytophagous Bugs, H L McBrien and J G Millar, University of California, USA 12: Grasshoppers and Locusts, A Hassanali and B Torto, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Kenya 13: Termites, M Kaib, University of Bayreuth, Germany Part II: Beneficials 14: Predators, J R Aldrich, USDA–ARS Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, USA 15: Parasitoids, Y Kainoh, University of Tsukuba, Japan 16: Parasitoid Hosts, W Powell, IACR–Rothamsted, UK 17: Bees, J Pettis, USDA–ARS, Honey Bee Research Laboratory, USA, T Pankiw, University of California, USA and E Plettner, University of Utah, USA"

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the statistical concepts of sampling in agricultural pest management. These can be summarised as how to obtain sample data from the field and how to use the data in decision-making. Options may include introducing natural enemies, spraying with pesticide, or adopting a wait-and-see approach. Some prior knowledge of pests and how they interact with crops is required of the reader, but only minimal mathematical background is assumed. Worked examples using the mathematical software program Mathcad are also included.Table of Contents1: Basic concepts of decision-making in pest management 2: Basic concepts of sampling for pest management 3: Classifying pest density 4: Distributions 5: Sequential sampling for classification 6: Enhancing and evaluating the usefulness of sampling plans 7: Binomial counts 8: Multiple sources of variation 9: Resampling to evaluate the properties of sampling plans 10: Sampling over time to classify or estimate a population growth curve 11: Monitoring pest populations through time

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