Pest control / plant diseases Books

Book Synopsis'Britain's ten million acres of private gardens add up to a vital haven for wildlife. Chock-a-block with ideas for encouraging wildlife into your plot, this pocket-sized book tells you how to make your off-street parking wildlife-friendly, why you should welcome wasps into the garden and whether you should let ladybirds overwinter in your home. One for budding David Attenboroughs.' - Mail on SundayForeword written by Isabella Tree of the Knepp Wildland Project.RHS How Can I Help Hedgehogs? offers more than 100 ideas for you to help wildlife thrive in your garden. Packed with simple, low-cost ideas that will make a huge difference to the natural world, the book suggests ways to help birds, bees, butterflies, beetles and many other declining species.Hopeful, informative and entertaining, with plenty of 'I-never-knew-that' mini-features, this is a book you and your family need, and one that you'll all enjoy, too. Includes topics such as how to increase the biodiversity of your plot and how to improve your soil without using chemicals.Includes...- Can I make my garden bat-friendly?- Do green roofs work?- Why should I love my weeds?- Should I keep honey bees?- Which flowers are friendliest for moths?- Where's best for a bird box?- Is garden lighting disruptive?...and many more.Trade ReviewBritain's ten million acres of private gardens add up to a vital haven for wildlife. Chock-a-block with ideas for encouraging wildlife into your plot, this pocket-sized book tells you how to make your off-street parking wildlife-friendly, why you should welcome wasps into the garden and whether you should let ladybirds overwinter in your home. One for budding David Attenboroughs. * Mail on Sunday *

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Book SynopsisUrban pests are common all over the world. These include cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, bed bugs, ticks, fleas, ants, termites, rodents and others. These pests thrive in human structures, where there is food, warmth and places to hide. Urban pests are one of the leading causes of illnesses in humans due to allergies, bites, food contamination and phobias. They can also cause significant damage to property and structures. Knowledge and training in this field is vital for professional and trainee pest managers. This book is specifically intended to provide an aid to such candidates. The book contains 500 multiple-choice questions (and answers) grouped into the following major topic areas: · The history of urban entomology · Household pests · Cockroaches · Flies · Mosquitoes · Bed bugs · Termites · Sporadic pests · Stored product pests · Vertebrate pests · Pesticides and pesticide formulations · Handling pesticides · Integrated Pest Control Produced in a convenient format that can be used at any time in any place, the book allows the reader to learn and revise the subject and much more. Its structure allows the study of one topic area at a time, progressing through a simple introduction followed by key revision questions, many of which require students to use their practical knowledge. The answers to each of the questions are provided at the end with short explanations wherever appropriate.Table of Contents1: Introduction to Urban Pest Management 2: Pest Identification 3: Mosquitoes 4: Bed Bugs 5: Flies 6: Cockroaches 7: Subterranean Termites 8: Drywood Termites 9: Powderpost Beetles and Wood Pests 10: Ants 11: Fleas, Ticks and Mites 12: Sporadic Pests 13: Stored Product Pests 14: Rodents 15: Birds and Bats 16: Pesticides and Formulations 17: Handling Pesticides 18: Integrated Pest Management 19: Answers

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Many biological studies on insect management do not consider economics or fundamental economic principles. This book brings together economists and entomologists to explain the principles, successes, and challenges of effective insect management. It highlights the importance of economic analyses for decision making and the feasibility of such approaches, and examines integrated pest management (IPM) practices from around the world with an emphasis on agriculture and public health. The book begins by establishing an economic framework upon which to apply the principles of IPM. It continues to examine the entomological applications of economics, specifically, economic analyses concerning chemical, biological, and genetic control tactics as well as host plant resistance and the cost of sampling and is illustrated with case studies of economic-based IPM programs from around the world.

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Book SynopsisBiological invasions - the introduction, establishment and spread of invasive alien species - are complex global phenomena that can cause significant environmental, ecological, and economic harm. Along with the direct effects of an invasive host organism, there is the additional threat of co-introduced pathogenic and parasitic species. Co-introduced parasites can affect the success of the invasive organism but can also go on to infect hosts in the new range, resulting in novel ecological interactions and complex impacts. These 'Invasive Parasites' can have profound impacts on the success of a biological invasion, and can pose a significant risk to wildlife, in addition to organisms cultured for agriculture and aquaculture.Compiling information on parasite invasions for the first time, this unique book:- provides an in-depth resource on parasite invasions, revealing the subtleties underlying biological invasions and co-introduced disease;- examines the phenomenon and consequences of parasite release in invaded host communities;- explores parasite invasion impacts, interactions and diagnostic techniques;- includes case studies across a broad range of hosts (plants, vertebrates and invertebrates) and parasites (viruses to large Metazoa), from a plethora of aquatic and terrestrial environments.Authored by leading researchers in the discipline, this new book is a useful tool for helping invasion researchers incorporate disease data into their invasion models, as well a vital resource for researchers, policy makers, and environmental managers that are more generally interested in the myriad consequences of species invasions

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Book SynopsisThe Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, is the most destructive and invasive termite species globally. It is also the only termite species listed in the world's 100 worst invasive alien species of the Global Invasive Species Database. Annually, its infestation costs more than $4 billion in control and damage repairs in the USA alone. This book is the first comprehensive resource drawing on all the literature on C. formosanus since Tokuichi Shiraki first described the species in 1909. The book covers the worldwide distribution of this species, its biogeography, and how it has dispersed from its native range in southern China and Taiwan to different parts of the world. It describes its present taxonomic status and discusses the species' biology, ecology, foraging behavior, physiology, chemical ecology and its association with symbionts. From a practical standpoint, the authors address all of the various management options for this species, such as baits, soil termiticides, wood preservatives, inspection and detection technologies, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approaches. Lastly, there are chapters dedicated to another important destructive species, Coptotermes gestroi (the Asian subterranean termite), and the recently discovered C. formosanus/C. gestroi hybrids. This important book is an essential and valuable reference for researchers, graduate students, pest management professionals, chemical manufacturer personnel, building and property managers, and others. It provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the biology and management of the Formosan subterranean termite and the Asian subterranean termite.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction. By Nan-Yao Su and Chow-Yang Lee. Chapter 2: Biogeography of Coptotermes formosanus. By Rudolf H. Scheffrahn. Chapter 3: Taxonomic status of Coptotermes formosanus and related species. By Hou-Feng Li and Chia-Chien Wu. Chapter 4: A primer to termite biology: Coptotermes colony life cycle, development, and demographics. By Thomas Chouvenc. Chapter 5: Ecology and foraging behavior. By Nan-Yao Su. Chapter 6: Physiology of the Formosan subterranean termite, with special reference to wood degradation and metabolism. By Gaku Tokuda, Shuji Itakura, Nathan Lo. Chapter 7: Chemical Ecology. By Qian Sun. Chapter 8: Symbiosis and microbiome: a unique quadripartite system. By Claudia Husseneder. Chapter 9: Dispersal and genetic structure of colonies and populations. By Edward L. Vargo. Chapter 10: Inspection and monitoring. By Faith M. Oi. Chapter 11: Management using baits. By Nan-Yao Su. Chapter 12: Management of subterranean termites with liquid insecticides. By Chow-Yang Lee and Kok-Boon Neoh. Chapter 13: Prevention of damage to building materials using wood preservatives. By Wakako Ohmura and Koichi Yamamoto. Chapter 14: Alternative and experimental management methods. By J. Kenneth Grace. Chapter 15: IPM and area-wide population management. By Nan-Yao Su. Chapter 16: Asian Subterranean Termite, Coptermes gestroi. By Kok-Boon Neoh and Chow-Yang Lee. Chapter 17: Hybridization between Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi. By Thomas Chouvenc and Hou-Feng Li. Chapter. 18: Using Coptotermes for laboratory experiments: field collection, laboratory rearing and bioassay visualization. By Thomas Chouvenc. Chapter 19: More questions to answer

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Book SynopsisAn entertaining and practical collection of tips and tricks to outsmart all kinds of garden pests, written by one of Britain’s most influential gardeners.If you have ever waged war against squirrels to prevent them from ransacking your garden, you will know that they are wily beasts, who can find loopholes in the most cunning of defences. In this comprehensive guide, Anne Wareham recommends a host of ingenious anti-pest stratagems to protect your garden from a range of foes.Includes:* advice on dealing with all kinds of creatures, from rabbits, deer, snails and slugs to mites, beetles and bacteria – as well as weeds, the weather, people and much more* Advice is also offered on how to resist fatuous horticultural trends and ignore so-called experts.* Admitting that some pests can't be beaten, the book also advises when you should grow a different plant rather than prolonging the fight.* Author Anne Wareham is a well-known gardening expert and has been described by the Telegraph as one of Britain’s most influential gardeners.Entertaining and practical, this is an honest book of advice that will be appreciated and enjoyed by amateur and professional gardeners alike. Ideal for father's day.Trade ReviewA witty guide to fiendish anti-pests stratagems for all kinds of little critters * The Bookseller *

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding parasite biology and impact is essential when giving advice on parasite control in farm animals. In the first review devoted to parasites of domestic cattle and sheep alone, this book provides in-depth, focused advice which can be tailored to individual farms. It considers the impact of parasites, both as individual species and as co-infections, as well as epidemiological information, monitoring, and diagnostic procedures. Supported throughout by diagrams and photos to aid diagnosis, it also reviews the basis for control measures such as the responsible use of parasiticides, adaptive animal husbandry and other management practices. This book: Focuses on common parasites of domestic sheep and cattle; Places emphasis on understanding host responses and epidemiology so that the impact and seasonality of parasitism can be incorporated into advice and decision making; Highlights the fundamental importance of the individual farm and farmer in assessing endemic parasitism and tailoring control options accordingly; Provides a comprehensive reference listing, including important historical citations, to underpin the content. An important resource for students, veterinarians and researchers of farm animal health, this book maintains a focus on ruminant parasitology in order to deliver evidence-based advice and also context for the application of basic research.Table of Contents1: The Origin and Evolution of Parasitism in Domestic Ruminants 2: Parasitic Gastroenteritis in Cattle 3: Parasitic Gastroenteritis in Sheep: Teladorsagiosis and Trichostrongylosis 4: Parasitic Gastritis in Sheep: Haemonchosis and Parasitic Enteritis in Lambs, Nematodirosis Parasitic Gastritis in Sheep: Haemonchosis 5: Tapeworm infections in Sheep and Cattle 6: Parasitic Enteritis: Coccidiosis 7: Lungworm infections in Sheep and Cattle 8: Lungworm infections in Sheep 9: Liver fluke in Sheep and Cattle 10: Rumen Fluke 11: Dicrocoelium dendriticum: the Lancet or Lanceolate fluke 12: Obligate Ectoparasites of Cattle: Lice and Mange 13: Ectoparasites in cattle: Flies 14: Ectoparasites of Sheep: Sheep Mites 15: Sheep Ectoparasites: Insects 16: Ticks and Tick-borne Disease 17: Grazing management and Helminth control on Stock farms 18: Responsible use of Parasiticides 19: Principles and Practical Implementation of Parasite Control on Livestock Farms

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Book SynopsisIPM Systems need to be developed for agriculture to be economically and environmentallystrong, in production, storage, and food processing. Although the concept and philosophy ofintegrated pest management have been largely accepted for some time, its implementation iscomplex and faces numerous potential problems. If IPM is to enjoy widespread approval and adoption, it must be clearly defined and economically and socially acceptable. The topics covered in this book include a range of topics, such as: risk-benefit analysis, transgenic crops in IPM and consumer response to IPM.Trade Review"The editors have recruited a formidable team of authors to produce the thirteen information-packed chapters, each of which represents an amalgam of historical background, relevant science and present-day practice, together with as up-to-date a bibliography as possible." Derek Clifford, Pest Management Science, November 2004"Table of Contents1: Integrated Pest Management: Retrospect and prospect,G S Dhaliwal, O Koul and R Arora, Punjab Agricultural University, India 2: Cultural practices: Springboard to IPM, W I Bajwa and M Kogan, Oregon State University, USA 3: The relevance of modelling in successful implementation of IPM, D E Legg, University of Wyoming, USA 4: Manipulation of tritrophic interactions for IPM,R H J Verkerk, Imperial College London, UK 5: Behavior modifying chemicals: Prospects and constraints in IPM, L J Gut, L L Stelinski, Michigan State University,USA, D R Thomson, DJS Consulting, Washington State,USA and J R Miller, Michigan State University, USA 6: Transgenic insecticidal cultivars in Integrated Pest Management: Challenges and opportunities, J S Bernal,J Prasifka, M Sétamou and K M Heinz, Texas A&M University, USA 7: Plant resistance against pests: Issues and strategies,C M Smith, Kansas State University, USA 8: The pesticide paradox in IPM: Risk benefit analysis,P Guillebeau, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, USA 9: Manipulation of host finding and acceptance behaviours in insects: Importance to IPM, R S Cowles, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, USA 10: Integrated Pest Management in forestry: Potential and challenges, I S Otvos, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria,Canada 11: Consumer response to IPM: Potential and challenges,C S Hollingsworth and W M Coli, University of Massachusetts, USA 12: The essential role of IPM in promoting sustainability of agricultural production systems for future generations,G W Cuperus, R C Berberet and R T Noyes, Oklahoma State University, USA 13: Opportunities and challenges for IPM in developing Countries, D Bergvinson, CIMMYT, Mexico

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Book SynopsisParasitoid wasps are cosmopolitan, numerous and enormously diverse with probably one million or more species worldwide, most of which occur in the moist tropics. Their ecological importance is enormous although perhaps most evident in their major roles in the control of insect pest populations. In natural ecosystems they are integral in regulating populations of a vast number of insects, and therefore are key players in terrestrial food webs. Knowledge of their biology is still very poor because the current state of taxonomy is still in its infancy in most parts of the world. In this book, we provide an overview of the more than 30 families of parasitoid wasps that occur in the 11 countries in South East Asia. Particular emphasis is given to those most commonly encountered and reared, as well as to those used in biological control programmes. Outlines of the morphology, biology, ecology and behaviour of each family, as well as of various important subfamilies are presented. The current state of taxonomy in the region is summarised. Other chapters cover basic biology, behaviour, morphological terminology, phylogeny and methods of specimen collecting, preparation and rearing with particular relevance to the tropics. Modern molecular approaches to speeding taxonomic description of hyperdiverse taxa are considered in depth. All groups are illustrated with colour photographs. This book will be of value to professional entomologists, academics, entomology students and the growing body of amateur entomologists and insect photographers.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Biology Chapter 3: Behaviour Chapter 4: Parasitoid Diversity, with Special Reference to S.E. Asia Chapter 5: Classification and Phylogeny Chapter 6: Morphology Chapter 7: Recognition of Major Groups Chapter 8: Orussoidea Chapter 9: Braconidae Chapter 10: Ichneumonidae – Darwin Wasps Chapter 11: Stephanoidea (Crown Wasps) Chapter 12: Evanioidea Chapter 13: Ceraphronoidea Chapter 14: Megalyroidea Chapter 15: Trigonalyoidea Chapter 16: Parasitoid Aculeates – Chrysidoidea Chapter 17: Parasitoid Aculeates — Vespoidea sensu lato Chapter 18: Platygastroidea Chapter 19: Cynipoidea – Gall Wasps and Their Kin Chapter 20: Proctotrupoidea Chapter 21: Diaprioidea Chapter 22: Chalcidoidea and Mymarommatoidea Chapter 23: Collection, Preservation and Rearing

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Book SynopsisThis book describes a dynamic bioeconomic simulation model that represents the biological, economic, and regulatory features of a specific invasion management problem-the invasion of California strawberries by the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and the pesticide use restrictions imposed by California regulators to manage pesticide resistance. In agriculture, invasive species represent a unique challenge for public policymakers and economists analysing optimal pest control policies. To accurately evaluate policies involving invasive species, economic models must describe the inter-temporal features of producer responses to invader biology, seasonal changes in demand, and the policies themselves. Responses to externalities from pest control, such as pesticide resistance or pest movement, complicate finding the optimal policy and must be accounted for. The model described at length in this book has three components: the population dynamics of the greenhouse whitefly, a population-yield damage function, and grower profit maximisation. This book consists of public domain documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

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Book SynopsisProviding a critical evaluation of the management strategies involved in ecologically-based pest management, this book presents a balanced overview of environmentally safe and ecologically sound approaches. Topics covered include biological control with fungi and viruses, conservation of natural predators, use of botanicals and how effective pest management can help promote food security. In the broader context of agriculture, sustainability and environmental protection, the book provides a multidisciplinary and multinational perspective on integrated pest management useful to researchers in entomology, crop protection, environmental sciences and pest management.Trade ReviewRecommended - CHOICE ReviewsTable of Contents1: History, Overview and Principles of Ecologically Based Pest Management 2: Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture 3: Pest Monitoring and Forecasting 4: Augmentation and Conservation of Natural Enemies 5: Biotechnological and molecular approaches in management of pests and diseases of crop plants 6: Botanicals in Pest Management 7: Biopesticides in Ecologically Based Integrated Pest Management 8: Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Tools in Integrated Pest 9: Microbial Control of Crop Pests Using Entomopathogenic Fungi 10: Microbial control of crop pests using insect viruses 11: Biological control of weeds with plant pathogens: four decades on 12: Virus and Bacteria Transmitting Arthropod Vectors and Their Management 13: Effect of Pesticides on Non Target Sites with reference to Soil Ecosystem 14: Integrated Pest Management in Stored Grains 15: Role of Integrated Pest Management in Food and Nutritional Security 16: Role of Information and Communication Technology in Integrated Pest Management 17: From Integrated Pest Management to Ecosystem Management: The Case of Urban Lawn

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Book SynopsisIt has become increasingly more popular to own a small wood or be able to help look after one. This title has all you need to know about the basics. It is written by experts committed to the care and stewardship of our woodland resources and provides practical advice and guidance for those coming to woodland management for the first time.

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Book SynopsisPlant diseases are among the important factors that are responsible for causing yield loss in crop production. The loss due to diseases alone is estimated to be around 26 per cent. Diseases may attack at any stage of the standing crop, from seedlings till maturity of the crop. They may affect different parts of the plants, such as foliage, stem, root, flowers or seed and cause various types of symptoms, while the diseases such as wilt affect the entire plant. All these ultimately result in the reduction of yield and poor quality of the produce. Further, many pathogens continue to attack the stored grains and stored produce, and cause spoilage. To save the crops from diseases caused by pathogens and thereby to increase crop production, it is imminent that diseases have to be controlled by any means. To adopt various strategies for the control of pathogens, one should have some basic knowledge about the symptoms produced by the pathogens, their life cycle, mode of survival and spread, and the stage at which the host is most vulnerable to attack by the pathogens. Most of the cultivated varieties of different crops are susceptible to one disease or another, while some others are susceptible to many diseases. Even resistant cultivars of some of the crop species may become susceptible to some specific diseases in course of time as a result of development of new physiologic races of the pathogen by hybridization or natural mutation or when the environmental conditions are highly favorable for the pathogen and not quite favorable for the host. In this book the authors have given a detailed account of the major diseases of important field crops and horticultural crops, and their management. The text is substantiated with many hand-drawn illustrations, which are of excellent quality and in fact it is the highlight of the book. A on important edible mushrooms commonly grown in India, methods of cultivation of different mushrooms, diseases and pests attacking mushroom beds and mushrooms is also included in the book. This may be quite useful to emerging entrepreneuThe book, which has been compiled as per the undergraduate syllabus of agricultural institutions, will also be of use to postgraduate students and to those working in the department of agriculture.Table of ContentsSection I. Diseases of field crops: 1. Cereals. 2. Pulses. 3. Oilseeds. 4. Cash crops. Section II. Diseases of horticultural crops: 1. Fruit crops. 2. Vegetable crops. 3. Tuber and root crops. 4. Spices and condiments. 5. Plantation crops. 6. Ornamental plants. Section III. Edible mushrooms.

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Book SynopsisFeaturing completely updated chapters, additional authors, and an increased emphasis on alternatives to traditional pesticides, the second edition of Ecological Entomology is the field''s leading reference on the role of insects in ecosystems. The authors cover insect growth and development, what they eat, how they reproduce, and how they move in various environments. The book also examines how insects interact with the plant community and how to control insect populations naturally.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Ecological Entromology (C. Huffaker, et al.). The Concept of the Ecosystem (P. Price). BASIC BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS, PROPERTIES, BEHAVIORS,AND PROCESSES. Growth and Development of Insects (H. Gordon). The Food of Insects (R. Barbehenn, et al.). Reproduction in Insects (F. Engelmann). Adaptations to Hazardous Seasonal Conditions: Dormancy, Migration,and Polyphenism (J. Nechols, et al.). Adaptations of Insects to Modes of Life (L. Caltagirone). Biogeography and Evolutionary History: Wide-Scale and Long-TermPatterns in Insects (S. Peck & E. Munroe). NATURAL CONTROL OF INSECT POPULATIONS. Dynamics and Regulation of Insect Populations (C. Huffaker, etal.). Weather and Insects (W. Wellington, et al.). Interspecific Competition in Insects (N. Mills). Dynamics of Insect Predator-Prey Interactions (A. Berryman & A.Gutierrez). Insect Invasions and Community Assembly (S. Schreiber & A.Gutierrez). Migration and Movement (P. Turchin & K. Omland). Mathematical Models for Age-Structured Population Dynamics (G. DiCola, et al.). ROLES OR EFFECTS OF INSECTS IN ECOSYSTEMS. Insect Diversity and the Trophic Complexity of Communities (J.Thompson & D. Althoff). Insects on Flowers (P. Kevan & H. Baker). The Influence of Insects on Plant Populations and Communities (R.Nowierski, et al.). APPLICATION OF ECOLOGY TO INSECT POPULATION MANAGEMENT. Modeling Tritrophic Field Populations (A. Gutierrez). Applications of Ecology for Integrated Pest Management (M. Kogan,et al.). Index.

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Book SynopsisFocuses on the exposure to pesticides by agricultural workers and residential users of pesticides through inhalation and physical contact. This book discusses risks such as pesticides on indoor carpets and covers the trends in data interpretation.Trade Review"…will be useful to readers who need to understand exposure science and…to conduct pesticide (and other chemical) risk assessment…can also be used as a textbook…" (E-STREAMS, September 2006) "Before writing this review, I lent my copy of the book to a few close colleagues, some of whom work specifically in the field of operator risk assessment. Most of them ordered their own copies straight away - I think this speaks for itself." (BTS Newsletter, Summer 200 "...what impresses me about this publication is the quality and eminence of the authors and the detail of knowledge that they impart..." (Health & Safety at Work, 1st October 2005)Table of ContentsContributors. Series Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction and Overview (Claire A. Franklin and John P. Worgan). Section One: Exposure Assessment Methodologies. 1. Assessment of Exposure for Pesticide Handlers in Agricultural, Residential and Institutional Environments (Richard A. Fenske and Edgar W. Day, Jr.). 2. Development of Risk-Based Restricted Entry Intervals (Gary K. Whitmyre, John H. Ross, Michael E. Ginevan and Delmont Eberhart). 3. Residential Post-Application Pesticide Exposure Monitoring (Robert G. Lewis). 4. Residential (Non-Dietary) Post-Application Exposure Assessment (Jeffrey Driver, John H. Ross, Muhilan Pandian, Jeff Evans and Curt Lunchick). Section Two: Databases and Models. 5. Generic Operator Exposure Databases (Joop J. van Hemmen and Katinka E. van der Jagt). 6. Predictive Residential Models (Yoshihide Matoba and Mark P. van Veen). Section Three: Epidemiology. 7. Exposure Assessment for Pesticides in Epidemiological Studies (Dick Heederik and Kay Teschke). Section Four: Advances in Data Interpretation. 8. Probabilistic Approaches to Aggregate and Cumulative Risk Assessment (Robert L. Sielken, Jr.). 9. Dermal Absorption of Pesticides (Betty C. Hakkert, J.J.M. (Han) van de Sandt, Jos G.M. Bessems and Cees de Heer). 10. Occupational and Residential Exposure Assessment for Pesticides – Towards a Harmonized Regulatory Approach (Christine A. Norman). Guidelines Bibliography. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisContains seven articles on orchid science, covering such issues as ecology, biological development, physiology, pollination, the orchid production industry and the history of orchid botany. An appendix features many practical methods of pest control.Table of ContentsLong-Long Misis Bilong Plaua (A. Millar). HISTORY. History of Orchids in Europe, from Antiquity to the 17th Century(P. Jacquet). ECOLOGY. Interactions Between Orchids and Ants (R. Peakall). DEVELOPMENT. Resupination (R. Ernst & J. Arditti). PHYSIOLOGY. Physiology of Orchid Flowers (P. Avadhani, et al.). ECONOMICS-HORTICULTURE. Orchid Cut-Flower Production in ASEAN Countries (C. Hew). POLLINATION. Fly Pollination in the Orchidaceae (D. Christensen). Appendix. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisReflects on insect pests'' evolution by evaluating existing theories, documenting case studies of diverse pest species and presenting new concepts regarding the problem of variation and implications for pest management strategies. Leading experts offer contributions which deal with variations in genetic markers and ecologically meaningful traits as well as future perspectives in entomology and biosystematics.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: GENETIC VARIATION AND EVOLUTION. Insect Pests and Evolution (K. Kim). The Spatial Scale of Genetic Variation in Insect Populations (F. Gould). THE NATURE OF GENETIC VARIATION. Habitat-Related Variation and Evolution by Sexual Selection (K. Kaneshiro). Adaptation to Spatial Variation in Habitat: Spatial Effects in Agroecosystems (D. Margolies). ECOLOGY OF INVADING POPULATIONS. Habitat Factors in New Pest Invasions (D. Pimentel). The Evolution of Habitat Preference: Avoidance and Adaptation (M. Rausher). THE PATTERNS OF VARIATION: CASE STUDIES. Diversity and Variation of European Corn Borer Populations (W. Showers). The Role of Demic Adaptation in Colonization and Spread of Scale Insect Populations (L. Hanks & R. Denno). FUTURE PERSPECTIVES. Impact of Intraspecific Variation on Integrated Pest Management (G. Kennedy). Biology of Variations: Epilogue (K. Kim & B. McPheron). Index.

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Book SynopsisThe importance of understanding the metabolism of agrochemicals in plants has never been greater. In a world where food safety and environmental concerns are increasing, knowledge of the metabolic processes within plants and the terminal residues of agrochemicals in food crops is invaluable.Trade Review"...an essential text..." -- Biological Agriculture Horticulture, Vol 18, 2000 "The book can be recommended to research and advanced university students." --Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science, March 2001Table of ContentsIntroduction -- Regulatory Considerations (T. Roberts). Experimental Approaches for Plant Metabolism Studies (R. Baloch). Primary Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants (T. Katagi & N. Mikami). Secondary Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants (D. Cole & R. Edwards). Bound Residues Arising from the Use of Agrochemicals on Plants (M. Skidmore). The Comparative Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants and Mammals (S. Bounds & D. Hutson). Herbicide Metabolism as a Basis for Selectivity (W. Owen). Herbicide Safeners and Synergists (K. Hatzios). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an identification guide and information source for a major group of agriculturally important insects on a world-wide basis. It enables the non-specialist anywhere in the world to identify aphids found colonising crop plants, and offers summaries of available knowledge of each species.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTORY SECTION. Introduction and Aims of the Book. Systematics. Life Cycles. Host-Plant Relationships. Geographical Distribution. Morphology and Key Characters. THE CROPS AND THEIR APHIDS. Notes on the Use of this Section. List of Crop Plants and their English Names. Lists and Keys to Aphids on Each Crop. THE APHIDS. Introduction to the Section. Systematic Treatment of Genera (Alphabetical). TECHNIQUES. Collecting. Preservation and Mounting. Labelling and Storage. SOURCES OF INFORMATION. Regionally Classified Faunal Works. General Biology. Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology. Genetics and Development. Migration and Dispersal. Relationships with Other Insects. Host-Plant Relationships. Control. Bibliographies. REFERENCES. PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE.

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Book SynopsisThis study explores the movement of pesticides into ground water, describing how computers can be used to model this phenomenon. It features novel approaches to the analysis of environmental samples and reviews analytical methods for the detection of agrochemical run-off.Table of ContentsEstimation of Physicochemical Properties: Theoretical andExperimental Approaches (P. Fisk). Recommended Approaches to Assess Pesticide Mobility in Soil (M.Russell). Soils and Pesticide Mobility (C. Brown, et al.). Pesticide Leaching Models and Their Use for Management Purposes (N.Jarvis, et al.). Pesticides in Run-Off and Surface Waters (B. Burgoa & R.Wauchope). The Volatization of Pesticide Residues (A. Taylor). Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides (M. Eldefrawi, etal.). Techniques and Procedures for the Determination of Pesticides inWater (C. Eadsforth & A. Woodbridge). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is an essential guidebook, providing a comprehensive overview of insect viruses and pest management. Part One of this volume explores the rationale behind the employment of insect pathogenic viruses in pest control and documents the assessment of biological activity, the ecology of baculoviruses, control strategies, virus production and formulation, and the conduct and recording of field control trials. Part Two comprises an authoritative global survey of current practice, R&D, and up-to-date technical studies of insect viruses and their application in pest management. This survey was compiled with the assistance of a panel of world-wide experts and will prove an invaluable and unique data source. Building on the key topics discussed in Part One, easy-to-follow, practical protocols are presented in Part Three, including detailed accounts of standard operating procedures for working with insects, isolation, propagation (in vivo and in vitro), purification, characterization and enumTable of ContentsBASIC PRINCIPLES. Rationale for the Use of Microbial Pesticides. Characteristics of Insect Pathogenic Viruses. Assessment of Biological Activity. The Ecology of Baculoviruses in Insect Hosts. Control Strategies. Virus Production. Formulation. Spray Application of Baculoviruses. Conduct and Recording of Field Control Trials. Future Developments. WORLD SURVEY. A World Survey of Virus Control of Insect Pests. Western Europe. Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Indian Subcontinent. South-east Asia and the Western Pacific. People's Republic of China. Japan. Africa, the Near and Middle East. Australasia. North America. Central America and the Caribbean. South America. PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES. General Laboratory Practice. Working with the Host. Working with the Virus. Enumeration of Virus. Cell Culture. Mass Production, Product Formulation and Quality Control. Spray Application. Registration Requirements. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING VIRAL SURVIVAL. Solar Radiation, with Emphasis on the Ultraviolet. Plant Surfaces. Glossary. Further Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text focuses specifically on chirality in agrochemicals. Written to complement texts on the synthesis of chiral drugs, the editors provide readers with broad coverage of the issues surrounding chiral agrochemicals.Trade Review"The book provides an effective source of up-to-date information on enantiopure agrochemicals and is surely useful for all readers involved in research and development in the field.", , , Agrochimica#"Written to complement texts on the synthesis of chiral drugs, the world-renowned editors provide readers with broad coverage of the issues surrounding chiral agrochemicals - a subject which is increasingly being considered in the synthesis and development of new compounds.", , , International Pest Control#Table of ContentsPyrethroids (K. Chamberlain, et al.). Importance of Chirality in Organophosphorus Agrochemicals (M. Sasaki). Chiral Acylanilides and Chiral Triazole-Related Fungicides (F. Spindler & T. Früh). Aryloxyphenoxypropanoate Herbicides (T. Haga, et al.). Chirality in Insect Juvenile Hormones and Pheromones (K. Mori). Index.

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Book SynopsisWeed Biology and Climate Change will provide a synthesis of what is known regarding the probable impact of environmental change on weed biology. Chapters will look at impacts of weed biology on agriculture, invasive species that limit ecological diversity and weeds that serve as health risks.Trade Review“A must read for all scholars interested in plant and weed ecology.” (Experimental Agriculture, 2012) "The text is fully indexed, includes extensive references, and is well illustrated with numerous examples from the primary literature. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above." (Choice, 1 August 2011) Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1 A Brief History of Weeds and Their Impact 1 Chapter 2 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming: The “Green” in the Greenhouse Effect 23 Chapter 3 An Evaluation of the Impact of Rising Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change on Weed Biology: From the Cell to the Plant 39 Chapter 4 An Evaluation of the Impact of Rising Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change on Weed Biology: Competition to Community Composition 61 Chapter 5 Weeds on the Farm: Assessing the Role of Climate Change and CO2 on Agricultural Productivity 85 Chapter 6 Invasive Plants and Climate Change in Natural Ecosystems 107 Chapter 7 Weeds, CO2, Climate, and Health 127 Chapter 8 Weed Management: Herbicides 143 Chapter 9 Weed Management: The Rest of the Story 163 Chapter 10 Benefits from Weeds 181 Chapter 11 Weeds in a Time of Climate 199 Appendix 219 Index 227

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Book SynopsisAs ready reference for the student, instructor, and those practitioners that deal with perennial weeds on a daily basis, this book uses 28 weed species to illustrate the ways in which perennial weeds propagate vegetatively. The author has taken care to use examples of perennial weeds that are troublesome on a national scale, or representative of principal agricultural regions within the United States and Canada. This organised and well-written one-of-a-kind text uses both tables and text to assist the reader in identifying each weed species. The text also includes 67 illustrations that highlight reproduction, over-wintering, and perennating parts. Perennial Weeds also corrects some misconceptions in the weed science literature as to whether the perennating organ is a root or a rhizome. Not just another identification guidebook, Perennial Weeds takes the reader through root systems and rhizome anatomy to discuss exactly how perennial weTable of ContentsPreface. PART ONE: INTRODUCTION. 1. Characteristics of Perennial Weeds. 2. Control of Perennial Weeds. PART TWO: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes. 3. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). 4. Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens; previously Agropyrons repens). PART THREE: Perennial Grass Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping Rhizomes and Stolons. 5. Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). PART FOUR: Grasslike Perennial Weeds. A. Creeping Perennials Reproducing from Buds on Tubers. 6. Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). B. Noncreeping Perennials Reproducing from Bulbs. 7. Wild Garlic (Allium vineale). Wild Onion (Allium Canadense). PART FIVE: Simple Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Taproots and/or Root Crowns (Caudexes). 8. Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale). 9. Curly Dock (Rumex crispus). 10. Broadleaf Plantain (Plantago major). Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago Ianceolata). Blackseed Plantain (Plantago Rugelli). PART SIX: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Roots. 11. Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense). 12. Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). 13. Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). 14. Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum). 15. Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba). Lens-podded Whitetop (Cardaria chalepensis). Globe-podded Whitetop (Cardaria pubescens). 16. Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense). Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium). 17. Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula). 18. Red Sorrel (Rumex acetosella). PART SEVEN: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Buds on Creeping, Horizontal Rhizomes. 19. Stinging Nettle (Urtica Dioica). 20. Western Ironweed (Vernonia baldwinii). PART EIGHT: Perennial Broadleaved Weeds Reproducing from Aerial Runners, Stolons, or Creeping Rhizomes. 21. Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea). 22. Creeping Woodsorrel(Oxalis corniculata). Yellow Woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta). Appendix. Table 1. Root Systems of simple perennial weeds. Table 2. Perennial weeds that spread by creeping roots. Table 3. Perennial Weeds that spread by rhizomes. Table 4. Perennial weeds that spread by means other than roots or rhizomes. Table 5 . Selected Perennial Weeds identified by common and scientific names and grouped as grasses, herbaceous broadleafs, vines, and woody plants. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae are groups of nematodes that include almost 1,000 species from some forty genera. A number are of known agricultural importance, both in their own right as parasites of fungi or higher plants and/or as vectors of certain plant viruses. While monographs exist on the systematics and taxonomy of a number of nematode groups, no recent volume covers the three groups included here. This book aims to provide a practical, working guide to the taxa of the Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae, in such a form as to facilitate usage by both specialist taxonomists and general nematologists. Keys to generic level are included, each genus being diagnosed, illustrated and provided with a comprehensive list of nominal species and, where appropriate, synonyms. General notes on the bionomics and distribution are appended and some 22 species, mostly those of economic importance, are individually described in greater detail. In addition, a general in

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Book SynopsisThis work discussed what effect mycorrhizas have on plant and human ecosystems.Table of ContentsPart One: Stat us and Function of Vesicular-Arbuscular (VA) Mycorrhiza in Ecosystems Part Two: Ectomycorrhizas in Temperate and Boreal Forest Ecosystems Part Three: Mycorrhizas in Disturbed, Agricultural and Successional Ecosystems Part Four: Mycorrhizas in Heathland Ecosystems Part Five: Mycorrhizas in Tropical Ecosystems Part Seven: Posters Part Six: Physiological Ecology of Mycorrhizas 40: A Functional Comparison of Ecto- and Endomycorrhizas 41: Spatial Distributions of Nitrogen Assimilation Pathways in Ectomycorrhizas 42: Ectomycorrhizas - Organs for Uptake and Filtering of Cations 43: The Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Status on Plant-Water Relations and Sensitivity of Leaf Gas Exchange to Soil Drought in Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) Seedlings 44: Protein Activities as Potential Markers of Functional Endomycorrhizas in Plants 45: Plant-Fungal Interface in VA Mycorrhizas: A Structural Point of View 46: The Role of Ion Channels in Controlling Solute Exchange in Mycorrhizal Associations 47: Effect of Monovalent Cations on Efflux of Phosphate from the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus tincton•us 48: Comparative Analysis of IAA Production in Ectomycorrhizal, Ericoid and Saprophytic Fungi in Pure Culture 49: The survival of transplanted seedlings of ectomycorrhizal rain forest legumes in relation to forest composition 50: Effects of nitrogen on the mycelial extension of four different ectomycorrhizal fungi grown in symbiosis with Pinus sylvestris 51: Transformation of a mutant of Pisum sativum cv. ‘Sparkle’ by Agrobacteium rhizogenes - a possible plant partner for VA fungi and Rhizobium 52: Early events in ectomycorrhiza formation studied by electron microscopy 53: Dual in vitro rhizobial and ectomycorrhizal colonization of Acacia holosericea 54: The influence of Scots pine needle and humus extracts on the growth of some ectomycorrhizal fungi 55: Interactions between indigenous VAM fungi and soil ecotype in Terminalia superba in the wet tropics (Ivory Coast) 56: Influence of artificial substrata on mycorrhization of micropropagated fruit trees in a horticultural system 57: Occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on Douglas fir and Western hemlock seedlings 58: Effects of cadmium on ectomycorrhizal pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings 59: Effects of simulated acid rain, soil contamination and mycorrhizal infection on Picea abies seedlings 60: Mycorrhizal amelioration of metal toxicity to plants 61: Effect of 10 years of low-input sustainable agriculture upon VA fungi 62: Preferential cycling of phosphorus: The role of mycorrhizas 63: Nitrogen translocation through a root-free soil mediated by VA fungal hyphae 64: Early events of VA infection in host and non-host plants 65: Soil solution chemistry of ectomycorrhizal mat soils 66: Fungicide interactions with VA fungi in Ananas comosus grown in a tropical environment 67: Native populations of the Glomales influenced by terracing and fertilization under cultivated potato in the tropical highlands of Africa 68: Mycorrhizas in African Miombo Savanna woodlands 69: Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Kenya 70: Axenic sand culture for the study of mycorrhizal root systems and their rhizospheres 71: Do ectomycorrhizas affect uptake and toxicity of metals in roots of Norway spruce? 72: Nitrogen transport and depletion of soil nitrogen by external hyphae of VA mycorrhizas 73: Effects of nitrogen application on ericoid mycorrhiza of Calluna vulgris on a Danish heathland 74: Enhanced growth of external VA mycorrhizal hyphae in soil amended with straw 75: Effect of mycorrhizal inoculation in forest nurseries 76: Effects of organjc matter removal on fruitbody production of ectomycorrhizal fungi in stands of Pinus sylvestris 77: Results of ectomycorrhizal inoculation of pine species with Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris in Korea 78: Ecology of ectomycorrhiza and ectomycorrhizal fungi in Norway spruce forest ecosystems of Sumava Mts, Czechoslovakia 79: Production of siderophores by ectomycorrhizal fungi 80: Fungal mass in sporophores, mycorrhizas and living mycelia in Scots pine stands along a pollution gradient in the Oulu region of Finland 81: Effect of lead on the growth of eccomycorrhizal fungi 82: The role of VA mycorrhiza and soil phosphate in the early life history of the bluebell, Hyacinthoides non-scripta 83: Inoculation with Glomus intraradix improves growth of Acacia nilotica under non-sterile nursery conditions in Ethiopia 84: VA-Rhizobium interaction in productivity and nutrient content of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) 85: The development of ectomycorrhizal infection, and its relationship to seedling growth 86: Auxin production and mycorrhizal ‘virulence’ 87: Immunological aspects of the characterization of Tuber magnatum and Tuber albidum 88: Comparison of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Russula ochroleuca on several tree species 89: Identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi by use of immunological techniques 90: Mycorrhizal status of Quercus and Fagus in Latium (central Italy) 91: Effects of liming and N-fertilization on ectomycorrhizas in a mature beech stand in the Soiling area (Germany) 92: Examination of single spore cu ltures of VA fungi by isoenzyme patterns after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) 93: The role of mycorrhiza in the transfer of nitrogen from white clover to perennial ryegrass in pasture ecosystems 94: Seasonal variation in occurrence of VA mycorrhizal i nfection types in a Danish grassland community 95: Studies of the extension of individual mycelia of VA mycorrhizal fungi in natural vegetation 96: Effect of specific ectomycorrhizal fungi on growth of beech seedlings in damaged stands 97: Occurrence of ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizas on Gaultheria shallon and Rhododendron macrophyllum seedlings grown in soils from the Oregon coast range 98: Reaction of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to different stress factors after mycorrhizal infection 99: Dissolution and immobilization of phosphorus and cadmium from rock phosphates by eccomycorrhizal fungi 100: Reaction of the natural Norway spruce mycorrhizal flora to liming and acid irrigation 101: Differential effects of fungicides on VA fungal viability and efficiency 102: Are hydrophobic eccomycorrhizas important for microbial activity in the forest soil? 103: The effects of Cu and Ni on the axenic growth and on the element composition of Cenococcum geophilum and Suillus variegatus 104: The influence of organic and inorganic fertilization on the development of indigenous VA fungi in roots of red clover 105: Propagule production by VA fungi in red clover plants subjected to periodic removal of the aerial parts 106: Acceleration of VA m ycorrhiza development by bacteria or fungicides 107: Influence of water status on VA infection and growth of Festuca rubra 108: VA mycorrhizal colonization of maize in an industrially polluted soil and heavy metal transfer to the plant 109: The possible application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Tuber albidum ectomycorrhizas 35: Short-term Changes in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spore Populations in Terminalia Plantations in Cameroon 36: Long-term Changes in Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spore Populations in Terminalia Plantations in Cote d’Ivoire 37: Heterogeneity and Scale in Tropical Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation 38: Mycorrhizal Studies in Dipterocarp Forests in Indonesia 39: Controlled Mycorrhization of Eucalypts 31: The Role of Ericoid Mycorrhizas in the Nitrogen Nutrition and Ecology of Heathland Ecosystems 32: Mycorrhizal Aspects of Improved Growth of Spruce when Grown in Mixed Stands on Heathlands 33: Chitin Degradation by Hymenoscyphus ericae and the Influence of H. ericae on the Growth of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 34: Effect of Ferric Iron on the Release of Siderophores by Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi 19: Soil Disturbance in Native Ecosystems – the Decline and Recover of Infectivity of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi 20: Soil Disturbance and the Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas in an Agricultural Ecosystem 21: Development of Mycorrhizal Patches in a Successional Arid Ecosystem 22: Extraradical Hyphal Development of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Chronosequence of Prairie Restorations 23: Interactions between Soil-dwelling Insects and Mycorrhizas during Early Plant Succession 24: Are Mycorrhizal Fungi Present in Early Stages of Primary Succession? 25: The Use of 15N to Assess the Role of VA Mycorrhiza in Plant N Nutrition and its Application to Evaluate the Role of Mycor rhiza in Restoring Mediterranean Ecosystems 26: Use of VA Mycorrhizas in Agriculture: Problems and Prospects 27: Mycorrhizas,Forest Disturbance and Regeneration in the Pacific Northwestern United States 28: Studies on the Effects of S02 and 03 on the Mycorrhizas of Scots Pine by Observations Above and Below Ground 29: Sequences of Sheathing (Ecto-) Mycorrhi zal Fungi Associated with Man-made Forests, Temperate and Tropical 30: Mycorrhizal Succession and Morel Biology 10: The Ecological Potential of the Eccomycorrhizal Mycelium 11: Ecromycorrhizal Rhizomorphs: Organs of Contact 12: Uptake and Translocation of Nutrients by Eccomycorrhizal Fungal Mycelia 13: Mycorrhizal Mat Communities in Forest Soils 14: Ecological Role of Specificity Phenomena in Ectomycorrhizal Plant Communities: Potentials for lnterplant Linkages and Guild Development 15: Effects of Liming on Pine Ectomycorrhiza 16: Variations in Field Response of Forest Trees to Nursery Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation in Europe 17: Somatic Incompatibility - A Tool to Reveal Spatiotemporal Mycelial Structures of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi 18: Mixed Associations of Fungi in Ectomycorrhizal Roots 1: Nutrient Dynamics at the Soil-Root Interface (Rhizosphere) 2: Mycophyllas and Mycorrhizas: Comparisons and Contrasts 3: Why are some Plants more Mycorrhizal than Others? An Ecological Enquiry 4: What is the Role of VA Mycorrhizal Hyphae in Soil? 5: Contribution of Mycorrhizal Hyphae to Nutrient and Water Uptake of Plants 6: Phosphorus Transport by External Hyphae of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizas 7: Mycorrhizal Infection of Wild Oats: Parental Effects on Offspring Nutrient Dynamics, Growth and Reproduction 8: Mycorrhizas, Seed Size and Seedling Establishment in a Low Nutrient Environment 9: The Nature of Fungal Species in Glomales (Zygomycetes)

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Book SynopsisNematodes are major pests of a number of temperate crops and can cause significant economic losses to farmers. This book provides a comprehensive account of such parasites, with chapters focusing on nematode pests of the main crops of importance in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Written by leading authorities from the USA, UK, Canada, France, Netherlands, Australia, Bolivia and New Zealand this book is a definitive reference work for plant pathologists in general, and nematologists in particular.Table of Contents1: Extraction, identification and control of plant parasitic nematodes, D J Hooper and K Evans 2: Modelling population dynamics and yield losses and their use in nematode management, R McSorley and M S Phillips 3: Nematode parasites of potatoes, B B Brodie, K Evans and J Franco 4: Nematode parasites of sugar beet, D Cooke 5: Nematode pests of vegetable crops, J W Potter and T H A Olthof 6: Nematode pests of oilseed crops and grain legumes, R D Riggs and T L Niblack 7: Nematode pests of cereals, R Rivoal and R Cook 8: Nematode pests of grassland and forage crops, R Cook and G W Yeates 9: Nematode pests of forest trees, J R Sutherland and J M Webster 10: Nematode pests of deciduous fruit and nut trees, A P Nyczepir and J M Halbrendt 11: Nematode pests of soft fruits and vines, D L Trudgill, D J F Brown and A Dalmasso 12: Nematode pests of ornamental and bulb crops, J F Southey 13: Nematode pests of glasshouse crops and mushrooms, P N Richardson and P S Grewal 14: Molecular aids to nematode diagnosis, J Curran and M P Robinson 15: Entomogenous and entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control, H K Kaya 16: Quarantine: Problems and solutions, J Cotten and H van Riel 17: Cellular and molecular approaches to the control of plant parasitic nematodes, P R Burrows and M G K Jones

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Book SynopsisThis book deals with the underlying principles of acarology.Table of Contents1: Integument and Moulting 2: Segmentation, Musculature and Legs 3: Circulation, Nervous System and Sense Organs 4: Respiratory Systems 5: Mouthparts 6: Feeding and Adaptations of the Mouthparts 7: Alimentary Canal, Prosomatic Glands and Digestion 8: Excretion and Osmoregulation 9: Reproductive Systems 10: Methods of Spenn Transfer, Mating Behaviour and Oviposition 11: Development and Dispersal 12: Classification of the Acari

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Book SynopsisPesticides continue to be a major means of controlling pests and diseases of crops and have made a major contribution to increasing the world's food production. Despite the problem of developing pest and disease resistance to certain pesticides, and public concern about their indiscriminate use and side-effects, they are likely to remain the basis of integrated pest management programmes. However, as this book seeks to demonstrate, there is scope to improve both the safety and efficiency of crop protection methods. The emphasis of the book is on methods of assessment and on application techniques to particular categories of crops. Written by leading authorities from Europe and North America, the book provides detailed reviews of relevant topics. It is essential reading for all researchers, advanced students and professionals concerned with crop protection, whether from the disciplines of entomology, plant pathology, weed science or agricultural engineering.Table of ContentsPart I: General Issues 1: Application technology for crop protection: An introduction, E C Hislop 2: Safety aspects and legislation trends, H Pfalzer 3: Droplet production, A H Lefebvre Part II: Methods of Assessment 4: Methods for measuring spray droplet sizes, C S Parkin 5: Spray tracing techniques, B K Cooke and E C Hislop 6: Spray drift and its measurement, P C H Miller 7: Operator exposure to pesticides, G Chester Part III: Application techniques 8: Application to field crops: Manually carried equipment, G A Matthews 9: Large-scale ground-based application techniques, T H Robinson 10: Application to plantation crops, F R Hall 11: Aerial application to ground crops, A Lavers 12: Aerial application to forests, J W Barry 13: Glasshouse treatment, R K Lindquist, C C Powell and F R Hall 14: Adjuvants in spray formulation in relation to foliar application of herbicides, P N P Chow 15: Insecticide application in stores, G A Matthews 16: Chemigation, C C Dowler 17: Seed treatment, P B Clayton

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Book SynopsisThe book is based on papers presented at a conference held in Oxford in March 1993 under the BRIDGE-COST-88 programme developed by the Commission of the European Communities. A wide range of fungi, which are pathogens of a variety of crop and ornamental plants, is covered and the book is aimed at postgraduate students and research workers in mycology and plant pathology, including those involved in routine testing of plants for quarantine or other purposes.Table of Contents1: Introduction Part 1: Quarantine Criteria 2: Plant Host Status and Natural Resistance 3: Statistical Concept and Minimum Threshold Concept Part 2: Physiological and Biochemical Response of Insects to Possible Disinfestation Procedures 4: Chemical Fumigants 5: Irradiation 6: Heat and Cold Treatments 7: Controlled Atmospheres Part 3: Product Physiological and Biochemical Response to Possible Disinfestation Procedures 8: Chemical Treatments 9: Irradiation 10: Heat and Cold Treatments 11: Controlled Atmospheres 12: Modelling Heat and Cold Transfer 13: Heat Treatment Facilities Part 4: Individual Product Treatments 14: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits 15: Temperate Fruits 16: Vegetables 17: Ornamentals and Flowers

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive, species-by-species account of all the world's tree-dwelling aphids. It can be used both as an identification guide by entomologists and taxonomists, and as a database in studies of biosystematics and biodiversity. In all, 1758 aphid species are covered, feeding on trees in 355 genera. There are detailed host lists and illustrated keys to the aphids colonising each tree genus, followed by a systematic treatment of the aphid species in alphabetical order of genera, with information on appearance in life, host range, distribution, life cycle and natural enemies. There are 722 drawings, 108 photographs and more than 1800 literature references. The volume will be a standard reference for workers in entomology and forestry.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: The association between aphids and trees 3: Life cycles and polymorphism 4: The trees and their aphids 5: Notes on the use of section 6: Morphology and key characters 7: Host lists and keys for each tree genus (in alphabetical order) 8: Keys to polyphagous aphids 9: The aphids 10: Introduction to the section 11: Systematic treatment of aphid genera (in alphabetical order) 12: Techniques 13: Collecting 14: Preservation and mounting 15: Labelling and storage 16: Bibliography 17: Regionally classified works on tree-dwelling aphids 18: List of references 19: Index to aphid species names 20: Photographs of slide-mounted aphids

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Book SynopsisProponents of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) advocate its use to reduce or eliminate the use of chemical pesticides in agriculture, since excessive pesticide use may be a threat to both human health and the environment. Proponents of biotechnology believe that the use of novel products, such as transgenic plants with insect resistance, will reduce the need for chemical pesticides. However the use of such novel products within IPM systems may also create potential risks. This volume reviews such issues and discusses the potential benefits of and constraints to the applications of biotechnology in IPM systems, especially in developing countries. It also considers the related policy issues confronting decision-makers in national agricultural research systems and international development agencies. The book consists of revised versions of papers presented at a conference hosted by the Rockefeller Foundation and held in Bellagio, Italy in October 1993.Table of ContentsSection One: Linking Biotechnology and Integrated Pest Management 1: Needs and opportunities, Max J Whittan, Richard A Jefferson and David Dall 2: Integrated pest management and biotechnology: An analysis of their potential for integration, Jeff Waage 3: Integrated pest management in developing countries, Lim Guan Soon Section Two: Case Studies of IPM Integration and of Using Biocontrol Agents in IPM Systems 4: Integrated pest management: Rice case-study, Peter E Kenmore 5: Soybean in Brazi,l Flavio Moscardi and D R Sosa-Gómez 6: India: An overview, Nandini V Katre 7: Cassava in Africa, Hans R Herren Section Three: Using Biotechnology for New Biocontrol Agents 8: Biological products for IPM, Pamela Marrone 9: Novel biocontrol agents, Marjorie A Hoy Section Four: Biotechnology and Plant Breeding 10: Marker-assisted plant breeding, Rebecca J Nelson 11: Modern plant breeding: an Overview, Ivan W Buddenhagen Section Five: Case Studies: Transgenic Plants in IPM Systems 12: Insect-resistant crop plants, David A Fischhoff 13: Cotton in Australia, W James Peacock, D J Llewellyn and G P Fitt 14: Virus-resistant transgenic plants, Roger Beachy Section Six: Alternative Strategies with Transgenes for Insect Resistance 15: Can we slow adaptation by pests to insect resistant transgenic crops?, Richard T Roush 16: Deploying pesticidal crops in developing countries, Fred Gould Section Seven: Other Components in IPM Systems 17: New diagnostics, Mark E Whalon 18: Virus/vector control, Michael E Irwin and Lowell R Nault Section Eight: New Opportunities 19: Vector control, Elizabeth Evans 20: Insect vectors of human diseases, Christopher F Curtis 21: Molecular genetics Veronica Rodriguêz and K Vijiy Raghavan Section Nine: Investment Implications and Future Directions 22: A view from industry, Ben J Mifflin 23: Future directions for international development agencies, Gabrielle J Persley, Gary Toennisen and Peter Dart

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Book SynopsisThis book documents and illustrates major developments in the use of nematodes for the biological control of insects and slugs. It covers the use of three main types of nematodes: entomopathogenic nematodes, entomophilic nematodes and slug-parasitic nematodes. The biology, commercial production, formulation and quality control, application technology, strategy and safety of each of these three nematode groups is discussed. The book also examines the application of nematodes in different cropping systems, and the efficacy of nematodes against specific pests. The potential of predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes and mycophagous nematodes to control fungal pathogens is also reviewed.Table of ContentsPART 1: NEMATODE MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY 1: Morphology and Taxonomy of Nematodes Used in Biocontrol , S P Stock, University of Arizona, USA, and D J Hunt, CABI Bioscience, Surrey, UK PART 2: ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES 2: Biology and Behavior, C Griffin, National University of Ireland, UK, N Boemare, Université Montpellier II, France, and E E Lewis, Virginia Technology Institute, USA 3: Mass Production, R-U Ehlers and D I Shapiro-Ilan 4: Formulation and Quality, P S Grewal, and A Peters, e-nema GmbH, Germany 5: Application Technology, D J Wright, Imperial College London, UK, A Peters, S Schroer, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany, and J Patterson Fife, Battelle Memorial Institute, USA 6: Forum on Safety and Regulation, R-U Ehlers 7: Lawn, Turfgrass and Pasture Applications, P S Grewal, A M Koppenhöfer, Rutgers University, USA, and H Y Choo, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea 8: Glasshouse Applications, M Tomalak, Institute of Plant Protection, Poland, S Piggot, Littlehampton, UK and G B Jagdale, Ohio State University, USA 9: Nursery and Tree Application, R W H M van Tol, Wageningen-UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands and M J Raupp, University of Maryland, USA 10: Mushroom Applications, S Jess, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, H Schweizer, Queen's University of Belfast, and M Kirkpatrick, NIHPBS Loughgall, County Armagh, UK 11: Orchard Applications, D I Shapiro-Ilan, L W Duncan, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, USA, L A Lacey, USDA-ARS, Washington, USA and R Han, Guangdong Entomological Institute, Guangzhou, China 12: Soft Fruit Applications, R S Cowles, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, USA, S Polavarapu, (Deceased), R N Williams, Ohio State University, USA, A Thies, e-nema, France, and R-U Ehlers 13: Vegetable and Tuber Crop Applications, G Belair, Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Canada, D J Wright, and G Curto, Servizio Fitosanitario Regione emilia-Romagna, Italy 14: Cereal, Fiber, Medicinal, and Oilseed Crop Applications, H E Cabanillas, USDA ARS, USA, R J Wright, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA and R V Vyas, Gujarat Agricultural University, India 15: Forestry Applications, P Torr and M J Wilson, University of Aberdeen, UK and S Heritage, Forestry Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, UK 16: Applications for the Control of Pests of Humans and Animals, I Glazer, Volcani Center, Israel, M Samish, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet-Dagan, Israel, and F G del Pino, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain 17: Application for Social Insect Control, D H Gouge, University of Arizona, USA 18: A Systems Approach to Conservation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, M Barbercheck, Pennsylvania State University, USA, and C W Hoy, Ohio State University, USA 19: Interactions with Plant-parasitic Nematodes, E E Lewis and P S Grewal 20: Compatibility and Interactions with Agrochemicals and Other Biocontrol Agents, A M Koppenhöfer and P S Grewal PART 3: ENTOMOPHILIC NEMATODES 21: Application of Beddingia siricidicola for Sirex Wood Wasp Control, R A Bedding, CSIRO, Australia and E T Iede, EMBRAPA Florestas, Brazil 22: The Entomophilic Thripinema, J E Funderburk and K Sims Latsha, University of Florida, USA 23: Mermithid Nematodes, E G Platzer, B A Mullens, University of California, Riverside, USA and M M Shamseldean, Cairo University, Egypt PART 4: SLUG-PARASITIC NEMATODES 24: Biology, Production, and Formulation of Slug-parasitic Nematodes, M J Wilson and P S Grewal 25: Field Application of Slug-parasitic Nematodes, A Ester, Applied Plant Research Ltd, The Netherlands and M J Wilson PART 5: PREDATORY NEMATODES 26: Potential of Predatory Nematodes to Control Plant-parasitic Nematodes, A L Bilgrami and C Brey, Rutgers University, USA PART 6: FUNGAL FEEDING NEMATODES 27: Potential of Fungal Feeding Nematodes for the Control of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens, N Ishibashi, Saga University, Japan PART 7: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 28: Critical Issues and Research Needs for Expanding the Use of Nematodes in Biocontrol, P S Grewal, R-U Ehlers and D I Shapiro-Ilan

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Book SynopsisSoilborne diseases have, until recently, received less attention than plant diseases affecting the shoot and foliage. However, this is not a reflection of their economic importance, but rather of difficulties in investigating and detecting pathogens below soil level. Many soilborne diseases are stress related and it is in the tropics where crop growth is particularly limited by environmental stress, predisposing crops to infection by soilborne pathogens. There is thus a great need for information on soilborne diseases of crops in the tropics. This book aims to fill this need by providing reviews of relevant research. It covers the major tropical crops and also includes general chapters on principles, ecology and control. Written by leading research workers from countries including the UK, USA, Australia and India, it will be indispensable for plant pathologists working in this area.Table of ContentsPart 1: INTRODUCTION 1: Soilborne Diseases and Their Importance in Tropical Agriculture R J Hillocks, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK and J M Waller, International Mycological Institute, Egham, Surrey UK 2: Field and Laboratory Methods for Studying Soilborne Diseases J A G Irwin, Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Plant Pathology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Part 2: SOILBORNE DISEASES OF SPECIFIC CROPS 3: Cereal Crops D R Sumner, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations, Tifton, Georgia, USA 4: Food Legumes D J Allen, Honiton, Devon, UK 5: Root and Tuber Crops S A Simons, CAB INTERNATIONAL, Regional Office for Africa, Nairobi, Kenya 6: Vegetable Crops G L Hartman, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA and L E Datnoff, University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida, USA 7: Bananas and Plantains S R Gowen, University of Reading, Crop Protection Research Unit, Reading, UK 8: Citrus J A Menge, University of California, Riverside, California, USA and S Nemec, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, Florida, USA 9: Beverage Crops and Palms J M Waller and M Holderness, International Mycological Institute, Egham, Surrey, UK 10: Annual Oilseed Crops S J Kolte, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, India 11: Sugarcane B T Egan, R C Magarey, and B J Croft, Bureau of Sugar Experimental Stations (BSES), Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia 12: Cotton and Tropical Fibres R J Hillocks 13: Rubber A de S Liyanage, Rubber Research Institute, Agalawatta, Sri Lanka, currently at Australian Plant Quarantine and Inspection Service, Barton, Canberra, Australia. Part 3: ECOLOGY AND CONTROL 14: Associations between Soilborne Pathogens and other Soil-Inhabiting Microorganisms R J Hillocks and J M Waller 15: Abiotic Factors and Soilborne Diseases C M Liddell, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA 16: Effect of Cultivation Practices and Cropping Systems on Soilborne Diseases J Palti, Agricultural Research Organisation, Bet Dagan, Israel and J Katan, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot , Israel 17: Chemical and Biological Control R Rodríguez-Kábana and N Kokalis-Burelle, Auburn University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, Auburn, Alabama, USA 18: Host-plant Resistance and Integrated Control J M Waller and R J Hillocks

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Book SynopsisEntomology as a branch of biological science has undergone rapid expansion and development in recent decades. There have been major advances in the technologies associated with pest management and the ecological studies that underpin much of this work. Greater emphasis is now placed on topics such as modelling and biochemical techniques, with new approaches to the study of insect behaviour and insecticide efficacy making inroads into traditional approaches. This book aims to integrate the new approaches and technologies with traditional and well-proven methods. It provides a critical analysis and evaluation of methods available, through reference to general principles, but emphasis is also placed on providing detailed descriptions of methods and their application. Written by leading authorities from the UK, USA and Australia, the book is aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in entomology and pest management.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Sampling, handling and rearing insects 3: Methods in studying insect behaviour 4: Quantifying insect populations: Estimates and parameters 5: Techniques for quantifying insect migration 6: Evaluation of factors affecting host plant selection with an emphasis on studying behaviour 7: Statistical aspects of field experiments 8: Injury, damage and threshold concepts 9: Techniques in the study of insect pollination 10: Techniques to evaluate insecticide efficacy 11: Techniques to evaluate the efficacy of natural enemies 12: Biochemical and molecular techniques 13: Modelling

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Book SynopsisGenetics has transformed plant pathology on two occasions: first when Mendelian genetics enabled the discovery that disease resistance was a heritable trait in plants, and secondly when Flor proposed the gene-for-gene hypothesis to explain his observations of plant-parasite interactions, based on his work on flax rust in North Dakota starting in the 1930s. Our knowledge of the genetics of disease resistance and host-pathogen coevolution is now entering a new phase as a result of the cloning of the first resistance genes. This book provides a broad review of recent developments in this important and expanding subject. Both agricultural and natural host-pathogen situations are addressed. While most of the book focuses on plant pathology, in the usual sense of the term embracing fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, there is also consideration of parasitic plants and a chapter demonstrating lessons to be learnt from the mammalian immune system. Three overall themes are addressed: geneticTable of Contents1: Contributors 2: Preface Part One: Genetic Analyses and Utilization of Resistance 3: Organization of Resistance Genes in Arabidopsis, 4: Genetic Fine Structure of Resistance Loci, 5: Mutation Analysis for the Dissection of Resistance, 6: Cultivar Mixtures in Intensive Agriculture, 7: Crop Resistance to Parasitic Plants, Part Two: Population Genetics 8: The UK Cereal Pathogen Virulence Survey, 9: Adaptation of Powdery Mildew Populations to Cereal Varieties in Relation to Durable and Non-durable Resistance 10: Virulence Dynamics and Genetics of Cereal Rust Populations in North America, 11: Interpreting Population Genetic Data with the Help of Genetic Linkage Maps U E Brändle, 12: Modelling Virulence Dynamics of Airborne Plant Pathogens in Relation to Selection by Host Resistance in Agricultural Crops, 13: An Epidemiological Approach to Modelling the Dynamics of Gene-for-gene Interactions, 14: Modelling Gene Frequency Dynamics, 15: The Genetic Structure of Natural Pathosystems, 16: The Evolution of Gene-for-Gene Interactions in Natural Pathosystems, Part Three: Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics 17: Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Gene-for-Gene Interactions, 18: The Molecular Genetics of Specificity Determinants in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 19: Molecular Characterization of Fungal Avirulence, 20: The Molecular Genetics of Plant-Virus Interactions, 21: Molecular Genetics of Disease Resistance: An End to the “Gene-for-Gene” Concept?, 22: Elicitor Generation and Receipt - The Mail Gets Through, But How?, 23: Learning from the Mammalian Immune System in the Wake of The R-Gene Flood, 24: Genetic Disease Control in Plants - Where Now?, 25: Index

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Book SynopsisThrips have recently surged to prominence as insect pests of field, plantation and glasshouse crops in many countries, associated with increased international trade in fresh vegetables, fruit, flowers and plant propagation material. They can cause direct feeding damage to the aerial parts of plants, resulting in yield loss and spoilage, and some are vectors of destructive plant viruses. Their minute size and secretive habits make them particularly difficult to detect and control. This book, containing contributions from several world authorities from Europe, the USA and Asia, is the most comprehensive treatise on thrips as crop pests ever to be published. It brings together a vast amount of modern work set against a wealth of background knowledge, covering basic biology, ecology, applied science and pest control. The result is a book indispensable for agricultural advisers and growers concerned with thrips pests, and a unique reference source and stimulus for research entomologists stuTable of Contentsi: Contributors ii: Preface iii: Acknowledgements 1: Pest thrips in perspective T Lewis 2: Structure, growth and development G Moritz 3: Host selection, communication and reproductive behaviour L I Terry 4: Feeding W D J Kirk 5: Flight and dispersal T Lewis 6: Biological diversity L A Mound 7: Distribution, abundance and population dynamics W D J Kirk 8: Predation by insects and mites M W Sabelis and P C J Van Rijn 9: Interaction with hymenopterous parasitoids and parasitic nematodes A J M Loomans, T Murai and I D Greene 10: Fungal pathogens of thrips T M Butt and M Brownbridge 11: Field and laboratory techniques T Lewis 12: Culturing thrips and parasitoids A J M Loomans and T Murai 13: Feeding and oviposition injuries to plants C C Childers 14: Thrips as vectors of plant pathogens D E Ullman, J S Sherwood and T L German 15: Chemical control T Lewis 16: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of field crops M P Parrella and T Lewis 17: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in tree crops B L Parker and M Skinner 18: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in glasshouses R J Jacobson iv: Appendix 1: Thrips species cited with authorities and common names v: Appendix 2: Major crops infested by thrips with main symptoms and predominant injurious species vi: Appendix 3: Tree crops, associated thrips and components of control vii: Index

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Book SynopsisA number of species of Thysanoptera (thrips) are increasingly important crop pests in many parts of the world, as well as in some cases being vectors of plant disease. Communicating the known information about a species of organism is dependent on our ability to recognise or identify it accurately. This book is a completely revised and rewritten edition of the standard, widely used manual on these minute flying insects written by J M Palmer, L A Mound and G J du Heaume and published in 1989 as CIE Guides to Insects of Importance to Man 2. Thysanoptera, which provides a practical identification guide on a worldwide scale. The previous version posed problems for students in terms of fluency in English & knowledge of dichotomous keys. However, this thoroughly updated edition incorporates a new set of pictorial keys, which have been developed and used very successfully for training courses at the International Institute of Entomology and which will greatly enhance the ability of the non-spTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: Publications About Thrips 3: Biology 4: Biological Diversity 5: Life Cycles 6: Sex Determination and Sexual Dimorphism 7: Dispersal 8: Feeding 9: Economic Importance of Thrips 10: Feeding Damage 11: Virus Transmission 12: Direct Effects 13: Beneficial Thrips 14: Preparatory Techniques for Identifications 15: Thrips Classification 16: Thrips Identification 17: Characters Used in Identifications 18: Visual Keys to Genera 19: Figures for Species Keys 20: Sub-order Terebrantia 21: Family Merothripidae 22: Family Aeolothripidae 23: Family Heterothripidae 24: Family Adiheterothripidae 25: Family Thripidae 26: Sub-family Panchaetothripinae 27: Sub-family Thripinae 28: Sub-order Tubulifera 29: Family Phlaeothripidae 30: Sub-family Idolothripinae 31: Sub-family Phlaeothripinae I: Bibliography II: Glossary III: Host Plant Index IV: Genera and Species Index

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Book SynopsisThe two closely related species of Potato Cyst-Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis (Woll) and Globodera pallida Stone have a worldwide distribution. Both are internationally recognized plant quarantine organisms of actual or potential major economic importance wherever potatoes are grown or traded. They occur in large soil masses and also adhere to potato tubers as microscopic cysts, which represent a complex of morphologically identical, but behaviourally different virulence groups, or pathotypes. This presents major problems for their detection, identification and management. This book is a synthesis of current practical knowledge and underpinning scientific research on PCN globally. It is arranged in five sections, comprising nineteen chapters by leading practitioners and research nematologists, in which the biology, detection, identification and control options (including plant resistance) for PCN are examined. In addition, its worldwide status is considered, including South ATable of Contents1: Introduction: Potato Cyst Nematode – An International Pest Complex 2: Potato Cyst Nematode 3: The Origins, Global Distribution & Biology of Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis) & Globodera pallida Stone), S Turner, The Queen’s University of Belfast & K Evans, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station 4: The Physiology and Sensory Perception of Potato Cyst Nematodes, Globodera Species R N Perry, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK 5: Potato Cyst Nematodes: Species, Pathotypes and Virulence Concepts, C C Fleming, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK and T O Powers, University of Nebraska, USA 6: Detection and Identification of PCN 7: The Principles and Practice of Sampling for the Detection of Potato Cyst Nematodes, P P J Haydock, Harper Adams, UK and R N Perry, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK 8: Sample Preparation, Soil Extraction and Laboratory Facilities for the Detection of Potato Cyst Nematodes, S J Turner 9: Potato Cyst Nematode Diagnostics: Morphology, Differential Hosts and Biochemical Techniques, C C Fleming and T O Powers 10: Control Options for PCN 11: Potato Cyst Nematodes: Damage Mechanisms & Tolerance in the Potato, D Trudgill, Scottish Crop Research Institute, K Evans, IACR, Rothamsted Experimental Station, and M Phillips, Scottish Crop Research Institute 12: Management and Regulatory Control Strategies for Potato Cysts Nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) A G Whitehead, Harpenden, UK and S J Turner 13: Population Modelling and Integrated Control Options for Potato Cyst Nematodes, M S Phillips and D L Trudgill 14: PCN Resistance 15: Breeding for Resistance to the Potato Cyst Nematodes G. rostochiensis & G. pallida: Strategies, Mechanisms & Genetic Resources, M Dale, SCRI & M De Scurrah, Centro Internacional de la Papa 16: The Evaluation and Durability of Potato Cyst Nematode Resistance in the Potato, C C Fleming 17: Engineering Resistance in the Potato to Potato Cyst Nematodes, H J Atkinson, C J Lilley, P E Urwin and M J McPherson, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 18: Worldwide Status of PCN 19: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in South America, J Franco, R Oros, N Ortuño, PROINDA, Cochabamba, Bolivia and G Main, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 20: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Western Europe, H Van Riel, Plantenziektenkkundig Dienst, Wageningen, & A Mülder, Hilbrand Laboratory for Soil-borne Pests and Diseases, The Netherlands 21: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Central Europe, the Balkans and Baltic states, R J Marks and E Rojanvcovski, Research Institute for Plant Protection, Bucharest, Romania 22: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Central and North America, B B Brodie 23: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Asia, K Zaheer, Department of Biological Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan 24: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in Africa, K P N Kleynhans, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa 25: Potato Cyst Nematodes (Globodera spp.) in New Zealand and Australia , J N Marshall, New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Book SynopsisThis book is an essential companion volume to Quarantine Pests for Europe, 2nd Edition and Illustrations of Quarantine Pests for Europe. The three titles are the result of collaboration between CABI and EPPO in the compilation of data on the pests of phytosanitary significance for the European and Mediterranean region. This present publication provides updated geographic distributions of over 350 pests for which data sheets and illustrations are already available. A map is provided for each pest showing the current world distribution graphically. This is supported by a list of the countries and provinces in which the pest has been recorded with a coded indication of its current status. Coverage extends to insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasitic plants. The pests concerned are either entirely absent from the European and Mediterranean region (A1 list) or have a restricted distribution (A2 list). Text within the book is provided in both English and French.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Note on Distribution Codes 3: Insects and Mites 4: Nematodes 5: Fungi 6: Bacteria 7: Viruses, Virus-like Organisms and Viroids 8: Parasitic Plants

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Book SynopsisDomestic livestock in Africa are of importance not only as a source of milk and meat but also as a source of animal traction enabling farmers to cultivate larger areas, with crops providing the staple foods. Trypanosomosis, a parasitic disease transmitted cyclically by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp), is arguably still the main constraint to livestock production on the continent, preventing full use of the land to feed the rapidly increasing human population. Sleeping sickness, the disease caused in humans by species of Trypanosoma, is an important and neglected disease posing a threat to millions of people in tsetse-infested areas. Often wrongly thought of as a disease of the past, the prevalence of human sleeping sickness is increasing in many areas. Although alternative methods to control the disease are being investigated, such as immunological approaches, use of chemotherapy or exploitation of the trypanotolerance trait, it is only control or eradication of the tsetse fly vector whiTable of ContentsPart 1: Tsetse Biology and Ecology 1: Introduction 2: Classification and Anatomy 3: Biology 4: Physiology 5: Genetics 6: Sampling Tsetse Populations 7: Ecology – Distribution and Habitats 8: Behavioural Ecology 9: Population Dynamics 10: Odour Attractants Part 2: Epidemiology 11: Host–Parasite Interactions 12: Epidemiology of Human Sleeping Sickness 13: Epidemiology of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock 14: Estimation of Disease Risk – Models of Disease Transmission Part 3: Vector Control 15: Insecticidal Spraying 16: Traps and Targets 17: Application of Insecticides to Livestock 18: Non-Insecticidal Methods of Tsetse Control 19: General Issues Relating to the Successful Use of Tsetse Control Techniques Part 4: Control of Trypanosomosis 20: Control of Trypanosomosis in Domestic Livestock

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Book SynopsisMollusc species currently constitute a major threat to sustainable agriculture. This threat is associated with cultivation of new crops, intensification of agricultural production systems and the spread through human trade and travel of species adapted to these modified environments. In some crops their significance is only now becoming apparent with the decline in the importance of other pest groups which can be effectively controlled. The book focuses on: toxicology of chemicals; deployment of molluscicides in baits; specific crop situations worldwide; current pest status of mollusc species and progress towards development of solutions.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Chemical control of terrestrial gastropods, I Henderson and R Trieskorn 3: Molluscicidal baits for control of terrestrial gastropods, S Bailey 4: Achatina fulica Bowdich and other Achatinidae as pests in tropical agriculture, S K Raut and G M Barker 5: Vaginulidae in Central America, with emphasis on the bean slug Sarasinula plebeia (Fischer), A Rueda et al. 6: Apple snails (Ampullariidae) as agricultural pests: their biology, impacts and management,R Cowie 7: Helicidae and Hygromiidae as pests in cereal crops and pastures in Southern Australia, G Baker 8: Planorbidae and Lymnaeidae as pests of rice, with particular reference to Isidorella newcombi (Adams & Angus), M Stevens 9: Urocyclus flavescens Keferstein (Urocyclidae) as a pest of banana in South Africa, K de Jager 10: Bradybaena similaris (de Férussac) (Bradybaenidae) as a pest in grapevines of Taiwan, C P Chang 11: Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European sunflower and maize, G Hommay 12: Helicidae and Hygromiidae as pests in Australian and South African grapevines, G Sanderson and W Sirgel 13: Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European cereals, D Glen and R Moens 14: Agriolimacidae and Arionidae as pests in conservation-tillage soybean and corn cropping in North America, R Hammond and R Byers 15: Bradybaena ravida (Benson) (Bradybaenidae) in cereal-cotton rotations of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen De-niu et al. 16: Agriolimacidae and Arionidae as pests in lucerne and other legumes in forage systems of northeastern North America, R Byers 17: Gastropods as pests in vegetable and ornamental crops in Western Europe, G Port and A Ester 18: Integrated management of Cantareus aspersus (Müller) (Helicidae) as a pest of citrus in California, N Sakovich 19: Gastropods as pests in New Zealand pastoral agriculture, with emphasis on Agriolimacidae, Arionidae and Milacidae, G Barker 20: Agriolimacidea, Arionidae and Milacidae as pests in West European oilseed rape, R Moens and D M Glen

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Book SynopsisThe book describes the natural history of myxoma virus in American rabbits and the history of its introduction into European rabbits at length. The changes in rabbit and virus over the last forty years provide the classical example of coevolution of a virus and its vertebrate host and a paradigmatic model for the understanding of an emerging infectious disease. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus has been spreading in Australia for only three years, but in some areas has been very effective. Written by leading world experts in animal virology and the history of medicine.Table of Contents1: Preface 2: Acknowledgements 3: Pest Animals and Plants 4: The Rabbit 5: Biological Control of Pests 6: The Discovery of Myxoma Virus 7: The Disease Myxomatosis in the European Rabbit 8: The Introduction of Myxomatosis into Australia 9: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1952 to 1966 10: Myxomatosis in Australia: 1967 to 1997 11: Myxomatosis in France 12: Myxomatosis Elsewhere in Europe 13: The Use of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus for Rabbit Control 14: Ecological and Environmental Effects of Rabbits 15: Theoretical Aspects of Microbial Control of Vertebrate Pests 16: Coevolution of Parasites and Hosts 17: Glossary 18: Name Index 19: Subject Index

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Book SynopsisSince the identification of insect pheromones in the late 1950s, attention has often focused on the use of these potent behaviour-modifying chemicals as pest control agents. Much of this interest has concentrated on Lepidoptera, particularly moths. In addressing this topic in other insect orders, this multi-author book fills this current gap in the literature. It presents research from leading authorities on the most important insect groups, and details the current progress of research in these areas. Applications of the research to agricultural systems around the world, and possible mechanisms for sustainable crop protection, are considered. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in entomology and crop protection.Table of ContentsPart I: Pests 1: Fruit Flies, PJ Landolt, USDA–ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, USA and A L Averill, University of Massachusetts, USA 2: Gall Midges, M O Harris and S P Foster, The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd, New Zealand 3: Scarab Beetles, W Soares Leal, National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science, Japan 4: Sap Beetles, R J Bartelt, USDA–ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USA 5: Weevils, R J Bartelt 6: Forest Beetles, F Schlyter, Swedish Agricultural University, Sweden and G A Birgersson, Göteborg University, Sweden 7: Stored-product Beetles, R Plarre, BAM–Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Germany and D C Vanderwel, University of Winnipeg, Canada 8: Sawflies and Seed Wasps, O Anderbrant, Lund University, Sweden 9: Aphids, J Hardie, J A Pickett, E M Pow and D W M Smiley, IACR–Rothamsted, UK 10: Scale Insects, E Dunkelblum, Agricultural Research Organisation, Israel 11: Phytophagous Bugs, H L McBrien and J G Millar, University of California, USA 12: Grasshoppers and Locusts, A Hassanali and B Torto, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Kenya 13: Termites, M Kaib, University of Bayreuth, Germany Part II: Beneficials 14: Predators, J R Aldrich, USDA–ARS Insect Chemical Ecology Laboratory, USA 15: Parasitoids, Y Kainoh, University of Tsukuba, Japan 16: Parasitoid Hosts, W Powell, IACR–Rothamsted, UK 17: Bees, J Pettis, USDA–ARS, Honey Bee Research Laboratory, USA, T Pankiw, University of California, USA and E Plettner, University of Utah, USA"

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Book SynopsisThis book covers the statistical concepts of sampling in agricultural pest management. These can be summarised as how to obtain sample data from the field and how to use the data in decision-making. Options may include introducing natural enemies, spraying with pesticide, or adopting a wait-and-see approach. Some prior knowledge of pests and how they interact with crops is required of the reader, but only minimal mathematical background is assumed. Worked examples using the mathematical software program Mathcad are also included.Table of Contents1: Basic concepts of decision-making in pest management 2: Basic concepts of sampling for pest management 3: Classifying pest density 4: Distributions 5: Sequential sampling for classification 6: Enhancing and evaluating the usefulness of sampling plans 7: Binomial counts 8: Multiple sources of variation 9: Resampling to evaluate the properties of sampling plans 10: Sampling over time to classify or estimate a population growth curve 11: Monitoring pest populations through time

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Book SynopsisThere is increasing interest in the use of fungi for the control of pests, weeds and diseases. This book brings together perspectives from pathology, ecology, genetics, physiology, production technology, to address the use of fungi as biological control agents.Table of Contents1: Introduction - fungal biological control agents: progress, problems and potential, T M Butt, University of Wales, UK, C Jackson, University of Southampton, UK and N Magan, Cranfield University, UK 2: Commercial use of fungi as plant disease biological control agents: status and prospects, J M Whipps, Horticulture Research International, UK and R D Lumsden, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USA 3: Use of hyphomycetous fungi for managing insect pests, G D Inglis, Mississippi State University, USA, M S Goettel, Lethbridge Research Centre, Canada, H Strasser, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Austria and T M Butt 4: Biology, ecology and pest management potential of entomophthorales J K Pell, IACR-Rothamsted, UK, J Eilenberg, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark, A E Hajek, Cornell University, USA and D C Steinkraus, University of Arkansas, USA 5: Exploitation of the nematophagous fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium Goddard for the biological control of root-knot nematodes (Medoidogyne spp.) B R Kerry, IACR-Rothamsted, UK 6: Fungal biocontrol agents of weeds, H C Evans, CABI Bioscience, UK, M P Greaves, University of Bristol, UK and A K Watson, McGill University, Canada 7: Monitoring the fate of biocontrol of fungi, M J Bidochka, Trent University, Canada 8: Prospects for strain improvement of fungal pathogens of insects and weeds, R St Leger, and S Screen, University of Maryland, USA 9: Physiological approaches to improving ecological fitness of fungal biocontrol agents, N Magan 10: Production, stabilisation and formulation of fungal biocontrol agents S P Wraight, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, USA, M A Jackson, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research and S L De Kock, Anchor Yeast, South Africa 11: The spray application of mycopesticide formulations R Bateman, CABI Bioscience, UK and A Chapple, Aventis GmbH, Germany 12: Toxic metabolites of fungal biocontrol agents, A Vey, Station Recherches de Pathologie Comparee, INRA-CNRS, France, R Hoagland, USDA-REE-ARS-MSA-SWS LAB, USA and T M Butt 13: Safety of fungal biocontrol agents, J P Siegel, USDA/ARS, USA, M S Goettel, A E Hajek, and H C Evans 14: Fungal biological control agents - appraisal and recommendations, T M Butt, C Jackson and N Magan

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses these topical issues and is based on a Discussion Meeting held at the Royal Society, London, in April 1998. Contributors include scientists from leading research groups in Europe, North America, Asia and Australia. The papers have also been published as an issue of the journal Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, published by the Royal Society. Topics covered include molecular genetics, mechanisms, ecological genetics and management. There is also discussion of the genetically delivered toxicant derived from the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. The book is essential reading for agricultural, medical and veterinary entomologists concerned with pest management.Table of Contents1: Genes and Mechanisms 2: The Evolution of Insecticide Resistance in the Peach-Potato Aphid, Myzus persicae, A L Devonshire, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, UK, et al. 3: Why are there so few Resistance-associated Mutations in Insecticide Target Genes? R H ffrench-Constant et al., University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA 4: The Role of Gene Splicing, Gene Amplification and Regulation in Mosquito Insecticide Resistance, J Hemingway, University of Wales Cardiff, UK, et al. 5: Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases and Insecticide Resistance in Insects, J-B Bergé, INRA, Antibes Cedex, France, et al. 6: An Overview of the Evolution of Overproduced Esterases in the Mosquito Culex pipiens, M Raymond et al., Université de Montpellier II, France 7: A Genomic Approach to Understanding Heliothis and Helicoverpa Resistance to Chemical and Biological Insecticides, D G Heckel, Clemson University, USA, et al. 8: The Influence of the Molecular Basis of Resistance on Insecticide Discovery, M D Broadhurst, Western Research Centre, Richmond, USA 9: Ecological Genetics and Management 10: Predicting Insecticide Resistance: Mutagenesis, Selection and Response, J A McKenzie and P Batterham, University of Melbourne, Australia 11: Resistance to Insecticides in Heliothine Lepidoptera: a Global View, A R McCaffery, The University of Reading, UK 12: Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis: Uniform or Diverse? B E Tabashnik, University of Arizona, USA, et al. 13: Challenges with Managing Insecticide Resistance in Agricultural Pests, Exemplified by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci, I Denholm et al. 14: Can Anything be done to Maintain the Effectiveness of Pyrethroid-impregnated Bednets Against Malaria Vectors? C F Curtis et al., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK 15: Two-toxin Strategies for Management of Insecticidal Transgenic Crops: can Pyramiding Succeed Where Pesticide Mixtures Have Not? R T Roush, University of Adelaide, Australia

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