Pest control / plant diseases Books

Book SynopsisThe LUBILOSA (Lutte Biologique contre les Locustes et Sauteriaux) Programme was initiated in 1989 and has been successful in developing a bioinsecticide for the biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. The efficacy of the product named Green Muscle has been clearly demonstrated in Africa, and provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical insecticides. Although it predates the Convention on Biological Diversity, LUBILOSA has been conducted in accordance with the benefit sharing and related provisions of the Convention.This book provides a review of the programme in order to demonstrate how such research and product commercialisation can be accomplished in the context of a development assistance project. In particular it shows how the provisions of the Convention can be fulfilled with respect to: equitable sharing of research results and benefits; access to and transfer of technology; exchange of information; technical and scientific cooperation; participation in reTable of Contents1: The LUBILOSA Programme - History 2: Product development 3: Green Muscle - The product 4: The route to dissemination and technology transfer 5: Disclosure, sharing and exchange of information 6: Commercial company collaboration 7: Conclusions and recommendations

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Book SynopsisThe International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection, held every four years, is the premier world forum for the presentation of research results and reviews on the safe storage of durable foodstuffs, of which cereal grains, pulses and oilseeds make up the largest components. This book presents the proceedings of the 8th conference, held in York, UK, in July 2002. This book highlights work on the pests and diseases that may cause spoilage, adverse health effects and loss of the crop after harvest, and discusses new techniques for the safe, effective and environmentally friendly management of stored commodities. With nearly 200 keynote, oral and poster papers and contributions from leading experts from around the world, the contents cover the future of stored product protection and the impacts of global issues, food safety, chemical and physical control, and processing and applications.The volume will interest applied entomologists, plant pathologists, postharvest biologistsTable of Contents1: The future of stored product protection: Impacts of gloabl issues 2: Biology, detection and biological control 3: Food safety 4: Chemical and physical control 5: Processing and applications 6: Workshop reports 6.1: Resistance to control measures 6.2: Museum pests 6.3: Intelligent automated grain management systems 6.4: Alternatives to methyl bromide 6.5: Trapping and spatial analysis for evaluating pest management practices in retail stores 6.6: Biological control 7: Author index 8: Conference participants

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Book SynopsisThis book examines the chemistry and mode of action of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and plant growth regulators. It follows crop protection strategies from early discoveries to the present day, emphasising the biochemical targets of the compounds discussed. Chemistry and Mode of Action of Crop Protection Agents provides an in-depth, yet easy to read and understand, review of the major classes of pesticides, explaining also the basis of their activity and selectivity. Throughout, there are many references to allow the reader to pursue areas of special interest, and each chapter contains questions to ensure that the text has been understood. This is the first book on the mode of action of pesticides to have been published in over ten years, and as such will have a very wide audience. It is aimed primarily at graduate level but will also be relevant to the needs of some sixth form and undergraduate courses, as well as to industrialists and advisors in the field of crop protection.Trade Review"...A useful book and I strongly recommend its purchase..." Chemistry in Britain November 1998 "...Excellent little book...plenty of references to help further study." International Pest Control, December 1998 "... carefully written and skilfully put together by acknowledged experts ... a valuable reference source for everyone with an interest in plant protection, for advanced students, for scientists and others in universities, public authorities, and industry, and not least for agricultural advisers." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol 38, No 7, April 1, 1999Table of ContentsIntroduction; Herbicides; Insecticides; Fungicides; Plant Growth Regulators; Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisA guide for pesticide users, producers, and regulatory officials, incorporating the latest changes made to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act. Covers registration, state and local regulation, pesticide regulation in food, cost assessments, and cancellation and withdrawal, and more.

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Book SynopsisHERBICIDES AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Discover the latest developments in herbicide and weed biology In the newly revised Third Edition of Herbicides and Plant Physiology, distinguished researcher Professor Dr. Andrew H. Cobb delivers an insightful and comprehensive examination of the interaction between herbicides and plant physiology. The book discusses many of the advances in plant physiology, utilizing data from the Arabidopsis genome, and gene editing techniques that have occurred in the last dozen years. This latest edition includes a variety of new and recent references addressing the latest developments in plant research. In addition to a complete introduction to weed biology, the book discusses the modern plant protection industry and the processes by which herbicides are discovered and developed. Readers will find discussions of new targets for the future development of new herbicides, as well as the mechanisms by which modern herbicides inteTable of ContentsPreface 1. An Introduction to Weed Biology 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Distribution 1.3 The importance of weeds 1.4 Problems caused by weeds 1.5 Biology of weeds 1.6 A few examples of problem weeds 1.7 Positive attributes of weeds 1.8 The ever-changing weed spectrum 1.9 Weed Control References 2. Herbicide Discovery and Development 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Markets 2.3 Prospects 2.4 Environmental impact and relative toxicology 2.5 Chemophobia 2.6 The search for novel active ingredients 2.7 The search for novel target sites 2.8 Mode of action studies 2.9 The role of natural chemistry 2.10 Recent developments 2.11 A lower limit for rates of herbicide application References 3. Herbicide Uptake and Movement 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The cuticle as a barrier to foliar uptake 3.3 Physico-chemical aspects of foliar uptake 3.4 Herbicide formulation 3.5 Uptake by roots from soil 3.6 Herbicide translocation from roots to shoots 3.7 A case study: The formulation of acids 3.8 The formulation of glyphosate 3.9 Further developments References 4. Herbicide Selectivity and Metabolism 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General principles 4.3 Herbicide safeners and synergists References 5. Herbicides That Inhibit Photosynthesis 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Photosystems 5.3 Inhibition at Photosystem II 5.4 Photodamage and repair of Photosystem II 5.5 Structures and uses of Photosystem II inhibitors 5.6 Interference with electron flow at Photosystem I 5.7 RuBisCO activase 5.8 How treated plants die 5.9 Chlorophyll fluorescence 5.10 Inhibition of photosynthetic carbon reduction in C4 plants References 6. Inhibition of Pigment Biosynthesis 6.1 Introduction: Structures and functions of photosynthetic pigments 6.2 Inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis 6.3 Inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis 6.4 Inhibition of plastoquinone biosynthesis 6.5 How treated plants die 6.6 Selectivity and metabolism 6.7 Summary References 7. Auxin-Type Herbicides 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Structure and uses of auxin-type herbicides 7.3 Auxin, a natural plant growth regulator 7.4 Biosynthesis and metabolism of auxins 7.5 Auxin receptors, gene expression and herbicides 7.6 Signal transduction 7.7 Auxin transport 7.8 Resistance to auxin-type herbicides 7.9 An “auxin overdose” 7.10 How treated plants die 7.11 Selectivity and metabolism References 8. Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Structures and uses of graminicides 8.3 Inhibition of lipid biosynthesis 8.4 Activity of graminicides in mixtures 8.5 How treated plants die 8.6 Plant oxylipins: Lipids with key roles in plant defence and development 8.7 Selectivity References 9. Inhibition of Amino Acid Biosynthesis 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Overview of amino acid biosynthesis in plants 9.3 Inhibition of glutamine synthetase 9.4 Inhibition of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis 9.5 Inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis 9.6 Inhibition of histidine biosynthesis References 10. Disruption of the Plant Cell Cycle 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The plant cell cycle 10.3 Control of the plant cell cycle 10.4 Microtubule structure and function 10.5 Herbicidal interference with microtubules 10.6 Selectivity References 11. The Inhibition of Cellulose Biosynthesis 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Cellulose biosynthesis 11.3 Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors 11.4 How treated plants die 11.5 Selectivity References 12. Plant kinases, phosphatases and Stress Signalling 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Plant kinases 12.3 Plant phosphatases 12.4 Cyclin-dependent kinases and plant stress 12.5 Post-translational modification of proteins References 13. Herbicide Resistance 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Definition of herbicide resistance 13.3 How herbicide resistance occurs 13.4 A chronology of herbicide resistance 13.5 Mechanisms of resistance 13.6 Case Study: Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds) 13.7 Strategies for the control of herbicide-resistant weeds 13.8 The future development of herbicide-resistance References 14. Herbicide-Tolerant Crops 14.1 Introduction 14.2 History of genetically-modified, herbicide-tolerant crops 14.3 How genetically-modified crops are produced 14.4 Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerance to glyphosate 14.5 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to glufosinate 14.6 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to bromoxynil 14.7 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to sulphonylureas 14.8 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to 2,4-D 14.9 Genetically-modified herbicide-tolerance to fops and dims 14.10 Genetically-modified herbicide -tolerance to phytoene desaturase inhibitors 14.11 Herbicide-tolerance due to engineering of enhanced metabolism 14.12 Herbicide-tolerance through means other than genetic modification 14.13 Gene editing 14.14 Economic, environmental and human health benefits from the adoption of GM technology 14.15 Gene stacking 14.16 Will the rise of glyphosate be inevitably followed by a fall? 14.17 Why is there so much opposition to GM technology? 14.18 Future prospects References 15. Further Targets For Herbicide Development 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Protein turnover 15.3 The promotion of ageing in weeds? 15.4 Herbicide leads at the apicoplast 15.5 Control of seed germination and dormancy 15.6 Natural products as leads for new herbicides References Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xxi Second Edition Preface xxiii Preface xxv Introduction xxvii Part I Lubrication Theory 1 1 Properties of Lubricants 3 1.1 Lubrication States 3 1.2 Density of Lubricant 5 1.3 Viscosity of Lubricant 7 1.3.1 Dynamic Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity 7 1.3.1.1 Dynamic Viscosity 7 1.3.1.2 Kinematic Viscosity 8 1.3.2 Relationship between Viscosity and Temperature 9 1.3.2.1 Viscosity–Temperature Equations 9 1.3.2.2 ASTM Viscosity–Temperature Diagram 9 1.3.2.3 Viscosity Index 10 1.3.3 Relationship between Viscosity and Pressure 10 1.3.3.1 Relationships between Viscosity, Temperature and Pressure 11 1.4 Non-Newtonian Behaviors 12 1.4.1 Ree–Eyring Constitutive Equation 12 1.4.2 Visco-Plastic Constitutive Equation 13 1.4.3 Circular Constitutive Equation 13 1.4.4 Temperature-Dependent Constitutive Equation 13 1.4.5 Visco-Elastic Constitutive Equation 14 1.4.6 Nonlinear Visco-Elastic Constitutive Equation 14 1.4.7 A Simple Visco-Elastic Constitutive Equation 15 1.4.7.1 Pseudoplasticity 16 1.4.7.2 Thixotropy 16 1.5 Wettability of Lubricants 16 1.5.1 Wetting and Contact Angle 17 1.5.2 Surface Tension 17 1.6 Measurement and Conversion of Viscosity 19 1.6.1 Rotary Viscometer 19 1.6.2 Off-Body Viscometer 19 1.6.3 Capillary Viscometer 19 References 21 2 Basic Theories of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 22 2.1 Reynolds Equation 22 2.1.1 Basic Assumptions 22 2.1.2 Derivation of the Reynolds Equation 23 2.1.2.1 Force Balance 23 2.1.2.2 General Reynolds Equation 25 2.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 26 2.2.1 Mechanism of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 26 2.2.2 Boundary Conditions and Initial Conditions of the Reynolds Equation 27 2.2.2.1 Boundary Conditions 27 2.2.2.2 Initial Conditions 28 2.2.3 Calculation of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 28 2.2.3.1 Load-Carrying CapacityW 28 2.2.3.2 Friction ForceF 28 2.2.3.3 Lubricant FlowQ 29 2.3 Elastic Contact Problems 29 2.3.1 Line Contact 29 2.3.1.1 Geometry and Elasticity Simulations 29 2.3.1.2 Contact Area and Stress 30 2.3.2 Point Contact 31 2.3.2.1 Geometric Relationship 31 2.3.2.2 Contact Area and Stress 32 2.4 Entrance Analysis of EHL 34 2.4.1 Elastic Deformation of Line Contacts 35 2.4.2 Reynolds Equation Considering the Effect of Pressure-Viscosity 35 2.4.3 Discussion 36 2.4.4 Grubin FilmThickness Formula 37 2.5 Grease Lubrication 38 References 40 3 Numerical Methods of Lubrication Calculation 41 3.1 Numerical Methods of Lubrication 42 3.1.1 Finite Difference Method 42 3.1.1.1 Hydrostatic Lubrication 44 3.1.1.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 44 3.1.2 Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method 48 3.1.2.1 Finite Element Method (FEM) 48 3.1.2.2 Boundary Element Method 49 3.1.3 Numerical Techniques 51 3.1.3.1 Parameter Transformation 51 3.1.3.2 Numerical Integration 51 3.1.3.3 Empirical Formula 53 3.1.3.4 SuddenThickness Change 53 3.2 Numerical Solution of the Energy Equation 54 3.2.1 Conduction and Convection of Heat 55 3.2.1.1 Conduction Heat Hd 55 3.2.1.2 Convection Heat Hv 55 3.2.2 Energy Equation 56 3.2.3 Numerical Solution of Energy Equation 59 3.3 Numerical Solution of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 60 3.3.1 EHL Numerical Solution of Line Contacts 60 3.3.1.1 Basic Equations 60 3.3.1.2 Solution of the Reynolds Equation 62 3.3.1.3 Calculation of Elastic Deformation 62 3.3.1.4 Dowson–Higginson FilmThickness Formula of Line Contact EHL 64 3.3.2 EHL Numerical Solution of Point Contacts 64 3.3.2.1 The Reynolds Equation 65 3.3.2.2 Elastic Deformation Equation 66 3.3.2.3 Hamrock–Dowson FilmThickness Formula of Point Contact EHL 66 3.4 Multi-Grid Method for Solving EHL Problems 68 3.4.1 Basic Principles of Multi-Grid Method 68 3.4.1.1 Grid Structure 68 3.4.1.2 Discrete Equation 68 3.4.1.3 Transformation 69 3.4.2 Nonlinear Full Approximation Scheme for the Multi-Grid Method 69 3.4.3 V andWIterations 71 3.4.4 Multi-Grid Solution of EHL Problems 71 3.4.4.1 Iteration Methods 71 3.4.4.2 Iterative Division 72 3.4.4.3 Relaxation Factors 73 3.4.4.4 Numbers of Iteration Times 73 3.4.5 Multi-Grid Integration Method 73 3.4.5.1 Transfer Pressure Downwards 74 3.4.5.2 Transfer Integral Coefficients Downwards 74 3.4.5.3 Integration on the Coarser Mesh 74 3.4.5.4 Transfer Back Integration Results 75 3.4.5.5 Modification on the Finer Mesh 75 References 76 4 Lubrication Design of Typical Mechanical Elements 78 4.1 Slider and Thrust Bearings 78 4.1.1 Basic Equations 78 4.1.1.1 Reynolds Equation 78 4.1.1.2 Boundary Conditions 78 4.1.1.3 Continuous Conditions 79 4.1.2 Solutions of Slider Lubrication 79 4.2 Journal Bearings 81 4.2.1 Axis Position and Clearance Shape 81 4.2.2 Infinitely Narrow Bearings 82 4.2.2.1 Load-Carrying Capacity 83 4.2.2.2 Deviation Angle and Axis Track 83 4.2.2.3 Flow 84 4.2.2.4 Frictional Force and Friction Coefficient 84 4.2.3 InfinitelyWide Bearings 85 4.3 Hydrostatic Bearings 88 4.3.1 Hydrostatic Thrust Plate 89 4.3.2 Hydrostatic Journal Bearings 90 4.3.3 Bearing Stiffness andThrottle 90 4.3.3.1 Constant Flow Pump 91 4.3.3.2 Capillary Throttle 91 4.3.3.3 Thin-Walled OrificeThrottle 92 4.4 Squeeze Bearings 92 4.4.1 Rectangular Plate Squeeze 93 4.4.2 Disc Squeeze 94 4.4.3 Journal Bearing Squeeze 94 4.5 Dynamic Bearings 96 4.5.1 Reynolds Equation of Dynamic Journal Bearings 96 4.5.2 Simple Dynamic Bearing Calculation 98 4.5.2.1 A Sudden Load 98 4.5.2.2 Rotating Load 99 4.5.3 General Dynamic Bearings 100 4.5.3.1 Infinitely Narrow Bearings 100 4.5.3.2 Superimposition Method of Pressures 101 4.5.3.3 Superimposition Method of Carrying Loads 101 4.6 Gas Lubrication Bearings 102 4.6.1 Basic Equations of Gas Lubrication 102 4.6.2 Types of Gas Lubrication Bearings 103 4.7 Rolling Contact Bearings 106 4.7.1 Equivalent Radius R 107 4.7.2 Average Velocity U 107 4.7.3 Carrying Load PerWidthW/b 107 4.8 Gear Lubrication 108 4.8.1 Involute Gear Transmission 109 4.8.1.1 Equivalent Curvature Radius R 110 4.8.1.2 Average Velocity U 111 4.8.1.3 Load PerWidthW/b 112 4.8.2 Arc Gear Transmission EHL 112 4.9 Cam Lubrication 114 References 116 5 Special Fluid Medium Lubrication 118 5.1 Magnetic Hydrodynamic Lubrication 118 5.1.1 Composition and Classification of Magnetic Fluids 118 5.1.2 Properties of Magnetic Fluids 119 5.1.2.1 Density of Magnetic Fluids 119 5.1.2.2 Viscosity of Magnetic Fluids 119 5.1.2.3 Magnetization Strength of Magnetic Fluids 120 5.1.2.4 Stability of Magnetic Fluids 120 5.1.3 Basic Equations of Magnetic Hydrodynamic Lubrication 121 5.1.4 Influence Factors on Magnetic EHL 123 5.2 Micro-Polar Hydrodynamic Lubrication 124 5.2.1 Basic Equations of Micro-Polar Fluid Lubrication 124 5.2.1.1 Basic Equations of Micro-Polar Fluid Mechanics 124 5.2.1.2 Reynolds Equation of Micro-Polar Fluid 125 5.2.2 Influence Factors on Micro-Polar Fluid Lubrication 128 5.2.2.1 Influence of Load 128 5.2.2.2 Main Influence Parameters of Micro-Polar Fluid 129 5.3 Liquid Crystal Lubrication 130 5.3.1 Types of Liquid Crystal 130 5.3.1.1 Tribological Properties of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal 131 5.3.1.2 Tribological Properties ofThermotropic Liquid Crystal 131 5.3.2 Deformation Analysis of Liquid Crystal Lubrication 132 5.3.3 Friction Mechanism of Liquid Crystal as a Lubricant Additive 136 5.3.3.1 Tribological Mechanism of 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl 136 5.3.3.2 Tribological Mechanism of Cholesteryl Oleyl Carbonate 136 5.4 Electric Double Layer Effect inWater Lubrication 137 5.4.1 Electric Double Layer Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory 138 5.4.1.1 Electric Double Layer Structure 138 5.4.1.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory of Electric Double Layer 138 5.4.2 Influence of Electric Double Layer on Lubrication Properties 142 5.4.2.1 Pressure Distribution 142 5.4.2.2 Load-Carrying Capacity 143 5.4.2.3 Friction Coefficient 144 5.4.2.4 An Example 144 References 145 6 Lubrication Transformation and Nanoscale Thin Film Lubrication 147 6.1 Transformations of Lubrication States 147 6.1.1 Thickness-Roughness Ratio ;; 147 6.1.2 Transformation from Hydrodynamic Lubrication to EHL 148 6.1.3 Transformation from EHL to Thin Film Lubrication 149 6.2 Thin Film Lubrication 152 6.2.1 Phenomenon ofThin Film Lubrication 153 6.2.2 Time Effect of Thin Film Lubrication 154 6.2.3 Shear Strain Rate Effect onThin Film Lubrication 157 6.3 Analysis ofThin Film Lubrication 158 6.3.1 Difficulties in Numerical Analysis of Thin Film Lubrication 158 6.3.2 Tichy’s Thin Film Lubrication Models 160 6.3.2.1 Direction Factor Model 160 6.3.2.2 Surface Layer Model 161 6.3.2.3 Porous Surface Layer Model 161 6.4 Nano-Gas Film Lubrication 161 6.4.1 Rarefied Gas Effect 162 6.4.2 Boundary Slip 163 6.4.2.1 Slip Flow 163 6.4.2.2 Slip Models 163 6.4.2.3 Boltzmann Equation for Rarefied Gas Lubrication 165 6.4.3 Reynolds Equation Considering the Rarefied Gas Effect 165 6.4.4 Calculation of Magnetic Head/Disk of UltraThin Gas Lubrication 166 6.4.4.1 Large Bearing Number Problem 167 6.4.4.2 Sudden Step Change Problem 167 6.4.4.3 Solution of Ultra-Thin Gas Lubrication of Multi-Track Magnetic Heads 167 References 169 7 Boundary Lubrication and Additives 171 7.1 Types of Boundary Lubrication 171 7.1.1 Stribeck Curve 171 7.1.2 Adsorption Films and Their Lubrication Mechanisms 172 7.1.2.1 Adsorption Phenomena and Adsorption Films 172 7.1.2.2 Structure and Property of Adsorption Films 174 7.1.3 Chemical Reaction Film and its Lubrication Mechanism 177 7.1.3.1 Additives of Chemical Reaction Film 178 7.1.3.2 Notes for Applications of Extreme Pressure Additives 178 7.1.4 Other Boundary Films and their Lubrication Mechanisms 179 7.1.4.1 High Viscosity Thick Film 179 7.1.4.2 Polishing Thin Film 179 7.1.4.3 Surface Softening Effect 179 7.2 Theory of Boundary Lubrication 179 7.2.1 Boundary Lubrication Model 179 7.2.2 Factors Influencing Performance of Boundary Films 181 7.2.2.1 Internal Pressure Caused by Surface Tension 181 7.2.2.2 Adsorption Heat of Boundary Film 182 7.2.2.3 Critical Temperature 183 7.2.3 Strength of Boundary Film 184 7.3 Lubricant Additives 185 7.3.1 Oily Additives 185 7.3.2 Tackifier 186 7.3.3 Extreme Pressure Additives (EP Additives) 187 7.3.4 Anti-Wear Additives 187 7.3.5 Other Additives 187 References 189 8 Lubrication Failure and Mixed Lubrication 190 8.1 Roughness and Viscoelastic Material Effects on Lubrication 190 8.1.1 Modifications of Micro-EHL 190 8.1.2 Viscoelastic Model 191 8.1.3 LubricatedWear 192 8.1.3.1 LubricatedWear Criteria 193 8.1.3.2 LubricatedWear Model 193 8.1.3.3 LubricatedWear Example 193 8.2 Influence of Limit Shear Stress on Lubrication Failure 195 8.2.1 Visco-Plastic Constitutive Equation 195 8.2.2 Slip of Fluid–Solid Interface 196 8.2.3 Influence of Slip on Lubrication Properties 196 8.3 Influence of Temperature on Lubrication Failure 200 8.3.1 Mechanism of Lubrication Failure Caused by Temperature 200 8.3.2 Thermal Fluid Constitutive Equation 201 8.3.3 Analysis of Lubrication Failure 202 8.4 Mixed Lubrication 203 References 207 Part II Friction andWear 209 9 Surface Topography and Contact 211 9.1 Parameters of Surface Topography 211 9.1.1 ArithmeticMean Deviation Ra 211 9.1.2 Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMS) ;; or Rq 211 9.1.3 Maximum Height Rmax 212 9.1.4 Load-Carrying Area Curve 212 9.1.5 ArithmeticMean Interception Length of Centerline Sma 212 9.1.5.1 Slope ż a or ż q 213 9.1.5.2 Peak Curvature Ca or Cq 213 9.2 Statistical Parameters of Surface Topography 213 9.2.1 Height Distribution Function 214 9.2.2 Deviation of Distribution 215 9.2.3 Autocorrelation Function of Surface Profile 216 9.3 Structures and Properties of Surface 217 9.4 Rough Surface Contact 219 9.4.1 Single Peak Contact 219 9.4.2 Ideal Roughness Contact 220 9.4.3 Random Roughness Contact 221 9.4.4 Plasticity Index 223 References 223 10 Sliding Friction and its Applications 225 10.1 Basic Characteristics of Friction 225 10.1.1 Influence of Stationary Contact Time 226 10.1.2 Jerking Motion 226 10.1.3 Pre-Displacement 227 10.2 Macro-FrictionTheory 228 10.2.1 Mechanical EngagementTheory 228 10.2.2 Molecular Action Theory 229 10.2.3 Adhesive FrictionTheory 229 10.2.3.1 Main Points of Adhesive Friction Theory 230 10.2.3.2 Revised Adhesion Friction Theory 232 10.2.4 Plowing Effect 233 10.2.5 Deformation Energy Friction Theory 235 10.2.6 Binomial FrictionTheory 236 10.3 Micro-FrictionTheory 238 10.3.1 “Cobblestone” Model 238 10.3.2 Oscillator Models 240 10.3.2.1 Independent Oscillator Model 240 10.3.2.2 Composite Oscillator Model 241 10.3.2.3 FK Model 242 10.3.3 Phonon Friction Model 242 10.4 Sliding Friction 243 10.4.1 Influence of Load 243 10.4.2 Influence of Sliding Velocity 244 10.4.3 Influence of Temperature 245 10.4.4 Influence of Surface Film 245 10.5 Other Friction Problems and Friction Control 246 10.5.1 Friction in SpecialWorking Conditions 246 10.5.1.1 High Velocity Friction 246 10.5.1.2 High Temperature Friction 246 10.5.1.3 Low Temperature Friction 247 10.5.1.4 Vacuum Friction 247 10.5.2 Friction Control 247 10.5.2.1 Method of Applying Voltage 247 10.5.2.2 Effectiveness of Electronic Friction Control 248 10.5.2.3 Real-Time Friction Control 249 References 250 11 Rolling Friction and its Applications 252 11.1 Basic Theories of Rolling Friction 252 11.1.1 Rolling Resistance Coefficient 252 11.1.2 Rolling Friction Theories 254 11.1.2.1 HysteresisTheory 255 11.1.2.2 Plastic DeformationTheory 256 11.1.2.3 Micro Slip Theory 257 11.1.3 Adhesion Effect on Rolling Friction 258 11.1.4 Factors Influencing Rolling Friction of Wheel and Rail 260 11.1.5 Thermal Analysis ofWheel and Rail 262 11.1.5.1 Heat Transferring Model ofWheel and Rail Contact 262 11.1.5.2 Temperature Rise Analysis of Wheel and Rail Contact 264 11.1.5.3 Transient Temperature Rise Analysis ofWheel for Two-DimensionalThermal Shock 268 11.1.5.4 Three-Dimensional Transient Analysis of Temperature Rise of Contact 269 11.1.5.5 Thermal Solution for the Rail 270 11.2 Applications of Rolling Tribology in Design of Lunar Rover 271 11.2.1 Foundations of Force Analysis for Rigid Wheel 271 11.2.1.1 Resistant Force of Driving RigidWheel 271 11.2.1.2 Driving Force and Sliding/Rolling Ratio of the Wheel 274 11.2.2 Mechanics Model of a Wheel on a Soft Surface 275 11.2.2.1 Wheel Sinkage 276 11.2.2.2 Soil Deformation and Stress Model 276 11.2.2.3 Interaction Force between Wheel and Soil 277 11.2.3 Dynamic Analysis of Rolling Mechanics of Lunar Rover with Unequal Diameter Wheel 278 11.2.3.1 Structure with Unequal DiameterWheel 278 11.2.3.2 Interaction model of wheel and soil 278 11.2.3.3 Model and Calculation of Movement for Unequal Diameter Wheel 280 References 280 12 Characteristics andMechanisms of Wear 282 12.1 Classification ofWear 282 12.1.1 Wear Categories 282 12.1.1.1 MechanicalWear 282 12.1.1.2 Molecular and MechanicalWear 283 12.1.1.3 Corrosive and MechanicalWear 283 12.1.2 Wear Process 283 12.1.2.1 Surface Interaction 283 12.1.2.2 Variation of Surface 283 12.1.2.3 Forms of Surface Damage 284 12.1.3 Conversion ofWear 285 12.2 AbrasiveWear 285 12.2.1 Types of AbrasiveWear 285 12.2.2 Factors Influencing AbrasiveWear 286 12.2.3 Mechanism of AbrasiveWear 289 12.3 AdhesiveWear 290 12.3.1 Types of AdhesiveWear 291 12.3.1.1 Light AdhesiveWear 291 12.3.1.2 Common AdhesiveWear 291 12.3.1.3 Scratch 291 12.3.1.4 Scuffing 291 12.3.2 Factors Influencing AdhesiveWear 291 12.3.2.1 Load 291 12.3.2.2 Surface Temperature 292 12.3.2.3 Materials 293 12.3.3 AdhesiveWear Mechanism 294 12.3.4 Criteria of Scuffing 296 12.3.4.1 p0Us ≤ c Criterion 296 12.3.4.2 WUns ≤ c 296 12.3.4.3 Instantaneous Temperature Criterion 297 12.3.4.4 Scuffing Factor Criterion 298 12.4 FatigueWear 298 12.4.1 Types of FatigueWear 298 12.4.1.1 Superficial FatigueWear and Surface FatigueWear 298 12.4.1.2 Pitting and Peeling 299 12.4.2 Factors Influencing FatigueWear 300 12.4.2.1 Load Property 300 12.4.2.2 Material Property 302 12.4.2.3 Physical and Chemical Effects of the Lubricant 302 12.4.3 Criteria of Fatigue Strength and Fatigue Life 303 12.4.3.1 Contact Stress State 303 12.4.3.2 Contact Fatigue Strength Criteria 304 12.4.3.3 Contact Fatigue Life 306 12.5 CorrosiveWear 307 12.5.1 OxidationWear 307 12.5.2 Special CorrosiveWear 309 12.5.2.1 Factors Influencing the CorrosionWear 309 12.5.2.2 Chemical-Mechanical Polishing 309 12.5.3 Fretting 309 12.5.4 Cavitation Erosion 310 References 312 13 Macro-Wear Theory 314 13.1 Friction Material 315 13.1.1 Friction Material Properties 315 13.1.1.1 Mechanical Properties 315 13.1.1.2 Anti-Friction andWear-Resistance 315 13.1.1.3 Thermal Property 316 13.1.1.4 Lubrication Ability 316 13.1.2 Wear-Resistant Mechanism 316 13.1.2.1 Hard Phase Bearing Mechanism 316 13.1.2.2 Soft Phase Bearing Mechanism 316 13.1.2.3 Porous Saving Oil Mechanism 316 13.1.2.4 Plastic Coating Mechanism 317 13.2 Wear Process Curve 317 13.2.1 Types ofWear Process Curves 317 13.2.2 Running-In 317 13.2.2.1 Working Life 318 13.2.2.2 Measures to Improve the Running-in Performance 319 13.3 Surface Quality andWear 320 13.3.1 Influence of Geometric Quality 321 13.3.2 Physical Quality 323 13.4 Theory of AdhesionWear 324 13.5 Theory of EnergyWear 325 13.6 DelaminationWearTheory and FatigueWear Theory 327 13.6.1 DelaminationWearTheory 327 13.6.2 FatigueWear Theory 329 13.7 Wear Calculation 329 13.7.1 IBMWear Calculation Method 329 13.7.1.1 Type A 330 13.7.1.2 Type B 331 13.7.2 Calculation Method of CombinedWear 331 References 335 14 Anti-Wear Design and Surface Coating 337 14.1 Selection of Lubricant and Additive 337 14.1.1 Lubricant Selection 337 14.1.1.1 Viscosity, Viscosity Index and Viscosity-Pressure Coefficient 339 14.1.1.2 Stability 339 14.1.1.3 Other Requirements 339 14.1.2 Grease Selection 340 14.1.2.1 The Composition of Grease 340 14.1.2.2 Function of Densifier 340 14.1.2.3 Grease Additives 340 14.1.3 Solid Lubricants 341 14.1.4 Seal and Filter 341 14.2 Matching Principles of Friction Materials 343 14.2.1 MaterialMating for AbrasiveWear 343 14.2.2 MaterialMating for AdhesiveWear 344 14.2.3 MaterialMating for Contact FatigueWear 345 14.2.4 Material Mating for FrettingWear 345 14.2.5 MaterialMating for CorrosionWear 345 14.2.6 Surface Hardening 346 14.3 Surface Coating 346 14.3.1 Common PlatingMethods 347 14.3.1.1 BeadWelding 347 14.3.1.2 Thermal Spraying 348 14.3.1.3 Slurry Coating 349 14.3.1.4 Electric Brush Plating 350 14.3.1.5 Plating 350 14.3.2 Design of Surface Coating 354 14.3.2.1 General Principles of Coating Design 354 14.3.2.2 Selection of Surface PlatingMethod 354 14.4 Coating Performance Testing 355 14.4.1 Appearance and Structure 355 14.4.1.1 Coating Appearance 355 14.4.1.2 Measurement of CoatingThickness 355 14.4.1.3 Determination of Coating Porosity 355 14.4.2 Bond Strength Test 356 14.4.2.1 Drop Hammer Impact Test 356 14.4.2.2 Vibrator Impact Test 356 14.4.2.3 Scratch Test 357 14.4.2.4 Broken Test 357 14.4.2.5 Tensile Bond Strength Test 357 14.4.2.6 Shear Bond Strength Test 357 14.4.2.7 Measurement of Internal Bond Strength of Coating 358 14.4.3 Hardness Test 360 14.4.3.1 Micro-Hardness (Hm) Testing 360 14.4.3.2 Hoffman Scratch Hardness Testing 360 14.4.4 Wear Test 360 14.4.5 Tests of Other Performances 361 14.4.5.1 Fatigue Test 361 14.4.5.2 Measurement of Residual Stress 361 References 362 15 Tribological Experiments 363 15.1 Tribological ExperimentalMethod and Devices 363 15.1.1 ExperimentalMethods 363 15.1.1.1 Laboratory Specimen Test 363 15.1.1.2 Simulation Test 363 15.1.1.3 Actual Test 363 15.1.2 Commonly Used Friction andWear Testing Machines 364 15.1.3 EHL andThin Film Lubrication Test 365 15.1.3.1 EHL andThin Film Lubrication Test Machine 365 15.1.3.2 Principle of Relative Light Intensity 366 15.2 Measurement ofWear Capacity 368 15.2.1 Weighing Method 368 15.2.2 Length Measurement Method 368 15.2.3 Profile Method 368 15.2.4 IndentationMethod 369 15.2.5 Grooving Method 371 15.2.6 PrecipitationMethod and Chemical AnalysisMethod 372 15.2.7 Radioactive Method 373 15.3 Analysis of Friction Surface Morphology 373 15.3.1 Analysis of Surface Topography 373 15.3.2 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) 374 15.3.3 Surface Structure Analysis 375 15.3.4 Surface Chemical Composition Analysis 377 15.3.4.1 Energy Spectrum Analysis 377 15.3.4.2 Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) 377 15.4 Wear State Detection 378 15.4.1 Ferrography Analysis 378 15.4.2 Spectral Analysis 379 15.4.3 Lubricant Composition Analysis 380 15.4.4 Mechanical Vibration and Noise Analysis 380 15.4.5 Lubrication State Analysis 380 15.5 Wear Failure Analysis 380 15.5.1 Site Investigation 380 15.5.2 Lubricant and its Supply System 381 15.5.3 Worn Part Analysis 381 15.5.4 Design and Operation 381 References 383 Part III Applied Tribology 385 16 Micro-Tribology 387 16.1 Micro-Friction 387 16.1.1 Macro-Friction and Micro-Friction 387 16.1.2 Micro-Friction and Surface Topography 388 16.1.3 Plowing Effect and Adhesion Effect 391 16.1.3.1 Plowing Effect 391 16.1.3.2 Adhesion Effect 391 16.2 Micro-Contact and Micro-Adhesion 393 16.2.1 Solid Micro-Contact 393 16.2.1.1 Zero Load Contact 393 16.2.1.2 Elastic, Elastic-Plastic and Plastic Contacts 393 16.2.2 Solid Adhesion and Surface Force 394 16.2.2.1 Solid Adhesion Phenomena 394 16.2.2.2 Adhesion and Surface Force 395 16.3 Micro-Wear 396 16.3.1 Micro-Wear Experiment 396 16.3.2 Micro-Wear of Magnetic Head and Disk 398 16.4 Molecular Film and Boundary Lubrication 401 16.4.1 Static Shear Property of Molecular Layer 401 16.4.2 Dynamic Shear Property of Monolayer and Stick-Slip Phenomenon 402 16.4.3 Physical State and Phase Change 404 16.4.4 Temperature Effect and Friction Mechanism 405 16.4.5 Rheological Property of Molecular Film 406 16.4.6 Organized Molecular Film 408 16.4.6.1 LB Film 408 16.4.6.2 Self-Assembled Monolayer 409 References 410 17 Metal Forming Tribology 412 17.1 Mechanics Basis of Metal Forming 412 17.1.1 Yield Criterion 412 17.1.2 Friction Coefficient and Shear Factor 413 17.1.2.1 Friction Coefficient and Interface Adhesion 413 17.1.2.2 Shear Factor 414 17.1.3 Influence of Friction on Metal Forming 414 17.1.3.1 Influence of Friction on Deformation Force 415 17.1.3.2 Non-Uniform Deformation 415 17.2 Forging Tribology 416 17.2.1 Upsetting Friction 416 17.2.1.1 Cylinder Upsetting 416 17.2.1.2 Ring Upsetting 417 17.2.2 Friction of Open Die Forging 418 17.2.3 Friction of Closed-Die Forging 418 17.2.4 Lubrication andWear 418 17.3 Drawing Tribology 421 17.3.1 Friction and Temperature 421 17.3.2 Lubrication 422 17.3.2.1 Establishment of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 423 17.3.2.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication Calculation of Drawing 424 17.3.3 Wear of Drawing Die 424 17.3.3.1 Wear of Die Shape 424 17.3.3.2 Wear Mechanism 425 17.3.3.3 Measures to ReduceWear 425 17.3.4 Anti-Friction of Ultrasound in Drawing 427 17.4 Rolling Tribology 429 17.4.1 Friction in Rolling 429 17.4.1.1 Pressure Distribution and Frictional Force 429 17.4.1.2 Friction Coefficient of Rolling 430 17.4.2 Lubrication in Rolling 432 17.4.2.1 Full Film Lubrication 432 17.4.2.2 Mixed Lubrication 432 17.4.3 RollerWear 434 17.4.4 Emulsion Lubricity in Rolling 434 References 435 18 Bio-Tribology 437 18.1 Mechanics Basis for Soft Biological Tissue 437 18.1.1 Rheological Properties of Soft Tissue 437 18.1.2 Stress–Strain Curve Analysis 437 18.1.3 Anisotropy Relationships 439 18.2 Characteristics of Joint Lubricating Fluid 440 18.2.1 Joint Lubricating Fluid 440 18.2.2 Lubrication Characteristics of Joint Fluid 441 18.3 Lubrication of Human and Animal Joints 443 18.3.1 Performance of Human Joint 444 18.3.2 Joint Lubricating Fluid 445 18.3.3 Lubrication Mechanism of Joint 446 18.4 Friction andWear of Artificial Joint 447 18.4.1 Friction andWear Test 447 18.4.2 Wear of Artificial Joint 448 18.4.2.1 ExperimentalMethod and Apparatus 449 18.4.2.2 Test Results 449 18.5 Other Bio-Tribological Studies 451 Referencess 452 19 Space Tribology 453 19.1 Features of Space Agency and Space Tribology 453 19.1.1 Working Conditions in Space 453 19.1.2 Features of Space Tribology Problems 455 19.2 Analysis of Performances of Space Tribology 456 19.2.1 Starved Lubrication 456 19.2.2 Parched Lubrication 456 19.2.3 Volatility Analysis 458 19.2.4 Creeping 460 19.3 Space Lubricating Properties 462 19.3.1 EHL Characteristics of Space Lubricant 462 19.3.2 Space Lubrication of Rolling Contact Bearing 463 19.3.2.1 Bearing Coating 463 19.3.2.2 Lubricant Film Transfer Technology 464 19.3.2.3 Cage Instability 464 References 465 20 Tribology of Micro Electromechanical System 466 20.1 Introduction 466 20.2 Tribological Analysis Technique for MEMS 467 20.2.1 Measurement of Micro/Nano-Frictional Force 467 20.2.2 Stick-Slip Phenomenon 470 20.2.3 Measurement of Micro Adhesive Force 473 20.2.4 Factors Influencing Surface Analysis 473 20.2.4.1 Normal Load 473 20.2.4.2 Temperature 478 20.2.4.3 Sliding Velocity 483 20.3 Tribological Study of a Micro Motor 484 20.3.1 Lubrication of Micro Motor 486 20.3.2 Measurement of Frictional Force 487 20.3.3 Influence Factors 488 20.3.3.1 Intermittent Time 488 20.3.3.2 Humidity 489 20.3.3.3 Hydrodynamic Film and Boundary Film 490 20.4 Wear Analysis of MEMS 491 20.4.1 Mechanism of MicroWear 492 20.4.2 MicroWear of Monocrystalline Silicon 494 20.4.3 MicroWear of Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy 496 20.4.3.1 Indentation 497 20.4.3.2 Temperature 499 20.4.4 Analysis of Surface Bulging 501 20.4.4.1 Bulging Phenomenon 502 20.4.4.2 Mechanism of Bulging 504 References 507 21 Ecological Tribology 509 21.1 Zero Friction and Superlubrication 509 21.1.1 Phenomenon of Superlubrication 509 21.1.2 Mechanisms of Superlubrication 510 21.1.2.1 Superfluidity 510 21.1.2.2 Superlubrication for Special Surface Pair and in a Special Direction 511 21.1.2.3 Superdynamic Friction 512 21.1.2.4 Molecular Polymer Film 513 21.1.3 Discussion of Superlubrication 514 21.1.3.1 Molecular Organization 514 21.1.3.2 Types of Molecular Films 514 21.1.3.3 Influence of External Field 515 21.2 Green Lubricant 516 21.2.1 Introduction of Green Lubricants 517 21.2.1.1 Harmfulness of petroleum products 517 21.2.1.2 Harmfulness ofWaste Oil 517 21.2.1.3 Harmfulness ofWaste Gas 517 21.2.1.4 Green Basis Oils, Lubricating Oil and Additives 517 21.2.2 Development of Green Lubricating Oil for Refrigeration 518 21.2.3 Application Tests 520 21.2.3.1 Application Test of Polyether Oil GE-30T 520 21.2.3.2 Application Test GT-50T 521 21.2.4 Biodegradation Test 521 21.3 Friction-Induced Noise and Control 523 21.3.1 Stick-Slip Model 523 21.3.2 Friction-Induced Noise of Wheel-Rail 524 21.3.3 Friction-Induced Noise of Rolling Contact Bearing 526 21.3.3.1 Sources of Noise 526 21.3.3.2 Influence Factors of Noise 527 21.4 Remanufacturing and Self-Repairing 528 21.4.1 Remanufacturing 529 21.4.1.1 Laser Remanufacturing Technology 529 21.4.1.2 Electric Brush Plating Technology 530 21.4.1.3 Nano Brush Plating Technology 530 21.4.1.4 Supersonic Spray Coating Technology 530 21.4.2 Self-Repairing 531 21.4.2.1 Spreading Film 531 21.4.2.2 Eutectic Film 531 References 532 Index 535

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Book SynopsisPesticides are now accepted as an integral part of modern agricultural production. This book provides analysis of the steps taken by national and international bodies working towards a cohesive global strategy for evaluating the safety of residues in food that result from approved pesticide uses. Also described is the role of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO) and Codex Alimentarius in developing standards that protect the health of the consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade. It goes on to look at the promotion of good agricultural practice in the use of pesticides and the need for control in their practical use. These include sampling, testing the compliance of marketed products against legal limits and verifying the effectiveness of the safety-based regulatory measures. This is a specialist book for those looking to go into the field of international food safety, for students and lecturers studying the topic, for policy makers working on public health and agricultural issues, and personnel responsible for taking samples and performing the analysis of pesticide formulations and residues.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Dietary Risk Assessment of Pesticides; OECD Guidance Documents and Test Guidelines; Principles of Safety Assessment of Pesticides at National Level; Evaluation of Pesticide Residues by FAO/WHO JMPR; Towards a Harmonized Food Consumption Survey Methodology for Exposure Assessment; Dietary Exposure and Risk Characterization for Pesticide Residues in Food; Importance of Codex Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides for the Health of Consumers and International Trade; Pesticide Specifications and their Methods for Analysis and Testing; Theory and Practice of Sampling for Pesticide Residues in Foods; Estimation of Uncertainty of Measured Residues and Testing Compliance with MRLs; Principles of Control of Small Scale Production of Fruits and Vegetables and Planning Risk Based Monitoring Programmes; Future Directions;

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Book SynopsisSoybeans are one of the most widely-grown crops in the world. As the world’s main source of vegetable protein, they have a wide range of food and non-food uses. Current yields need to increase significantly to meet growing demand but in a way that reduces input use, does not damage the environment and is resilient to climate change. This collection reviews the wealth of research addressing this challenge.Volume 2 reviews advances in understanding and managing the range of diseases and pests that continue to cause significant crop losses. Part 1 discusses fungal, viral and bacterial diseases as well as developments in disease-resistant varieties, integrated pest and weed management. Part 2 summaries research on developing the food and non-food uses of soybean, from improving nutritional properties to uses in animal feed.With its distinguished editor and international team of authors, this will be a standard reference for soybean scientists, growers, government and non-government agencies supporting soybean cultivation. It is accompanied by a companion volume that reviews advances in breeding and cultivation techniques.Table of ContentsPart 1 Diseases, pests and weeds1.Oomycete and fungal pathogens of soybean: Anne E. Dorrance, The Ohio State University, USA; 2.Bacterial and viral diseases affecting soybean production: Glen L. Hartman, USDA-ARS and University of Illinois, USA; 3.Nematode pathogens of soybean: T. L. Niblack and H. D. Lopez-Nicora, The Ohio State University, USA; 4.Key factors limiting sustainable insect pest management in soybeans: M. E. O'Neal, Iowa State University, USA and R. Cox, EarthEmpower Consulting and Investment, Mexico; 5.Advances in disease-resistant varieties of soybean: David R. Walker, USDA-ARS, USA; 6.Advances in pest-resistant varieties of soybean: Shichen Zhang and Dechun Wang, Michigan State University, USA; 7.Integrated weed management in soybean cultivation: Bob Hartzler, Iowa State University, USA; Part 2 Food and other uses8.Nutritional, nutraceutical and functional properties of soybeans: Suzanne Hendrich, Iowa State University, USA; 9.Improving the nutritional value of soybean: Istvan Rajcan and Jocelyne Letarte, University of Guelph, Canada; 10.Allergens in soybean: Eliot M. Herman, University of Arizona, USA; 11.Nutritional considerations for soybean meal use in poultry diets: Justin Fowler, University of Georgia, USA;

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Book Synopsis"This is an excellent overview of the latest thinking in weed management, with chapters written by some of the most prominent authorities conducting research today… the book is a valuable addition to the literature, and one that will be widely used as a key reference".Agroecology and Sustainable Food SystemsWeeds remain a major obstacle to increased yields. Past reliance on herbicides is no longer sufficient with increasing concerns about environmental effects, regulation and resistance. This has led to the development of integrated weed management (IWM) which includes herbicides as part of a broader array of cultural, physical and biological methods of control. This volume reviews key research on the use of IWM in sustainable agriculture.Parts 1 and 2 introduce weed ecology and IWM principles, including surveillance, risk assessment and planning an IWM programme. Part 3 summarises the role of herbicides in IWM whilst Part 4 reviews the range of cultural and physical methods of weed control. The final part of the book surveys biological techniques for weed control.With its eminent editor and international range of expert authors, this will be a standard reference for weed scientists, the agricultural community and the pesticide industry as well as government and non-governmental agencies supporting a more sustainable agriculture.Trade Review"This is an excellent overview of the latest thinking in weed management, with chapters written by some of the most prominent authorities conducting research today… the book is a valuable addition to the literature, and one that will be widely used as a key reference".Agroecology and Sustainable Food SystemsTable of ContentsPart 1 Weeds1.Weed ecology and population dynamics: Adam S. Davis, USDA-ARS, USA; 2.Weed-plant interactions: Bruce Maxwell, Montana State University, USA; 3.Invasive weed species and their effects: David R. Clements, Trinity Western University, Canada; Part 2 IWM principles4.Key issues and challenges of integrated weed management: C. J. Swanton and T. Valente, University of Guelph, Canada; 5.Ethical issues in integrated weed management: Robert L. Zimdahl, Colorado State University, USA6.Surveillance and monitoring of weed populations: Anita Dille, Kansas State University, USA; Part 3 Using herbicides in integrated weed management7.Site-specific weed management: S. A. Clay and S. A. Bruggeman, South Dakota State University, USA; 8.Assessing and minimizing the environmental effects of herbicides: Chris Preston, University of Adelaide, Australia; 9.Trends in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds: Ian Heap, International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds, USA; Part 4 Cultural and physical methods for weed control10.The role of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management: Prashant Jha, Montana State University, USA; and Krishna Reddy, USDA-ARS, USA; 11.Cultural techniques to manage weeds: Matt Liebman, Iowa State University, USA; 12.The use of rotations and cover crops to manage weeds: John R. Teasdale, USDA-ARS, USA; 13.Developments in physical weed control: Eric R. Gallandt, University of Maine, USA; Daniel Brainard, Michigan State University, USA; and Bryan Brown, University of Maine, USA; 14.Flame weeding techniques: Stevan Z. Knezevic, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; 15.Soil solarization: a sustainable method for weed management: Baruch Rubin, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; and Abraham Gamliel, The Volcani Center, Israel; 16.Weed management in organic crop cultivation: Greta Gramig, North Dakota State University, USA; Part 5 Biological methods for weed control17.The use of allelopathy and competitive crop cultivars for weed suppression in cereal crops: James M. Mwendwa, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer, Ashland University, USA; and Leslie A. Weston, Charles Sturt University, Australia; 18.Bio-herbicides: an overview: Erin Rosskopf, USDA-ARS, United States Horticultural Laboratory, USA; Raghavan Charudattan, BioProdex Inc., USA; and William Bruckart, USDA-ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, USA 19.The use of microorganisms in integrated weed management: Susan M. Boyetchko, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Canada; 20.The use of bacteria in integrated weed management: Ann C. Kennedy, USDA-ARS and Washington State University, USA; 21.The use of insects in integrated weed management: Sandrine Petit and David A. Bohan, UMR Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France;

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Book SynopsisDiseases remain a serious problem in wheat and barley cultivation. It has been estimated that around 20% of global crop production is lost to diseases. Leading fungal diseases affecting wheat and barley include rusts, Septoria blotches, powdery mildew, tan spot, spot blotch, net blotch, scald and Fusarium species. Conventional control using fungicides faces a number of challenges such as increasing regulation and the spread of fungicide resistance. This collection sums up the wealth of research addressing this challenge.Part 1 reviews the latest research on understanding the main fungal diseases of cereals. Part 2 discusses key challenges in integrated disease management of wheat and barley. These challenges include developing new fungicides, the problem of fungicide resistance, breeding disease-resistance varieties, improving disease identification and the use of natural antifungal compounds.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, this will be a standard reference for cereal scientists in universities, government and other research centres and companies involved in wheat cultivation.Table of ContentsPart 1 Fungal diseases of cereals1.Diseases affecting wheat and barley: rusts: R. F. Park, University of Sydney, Australia; 2.Fusarium diseases: biology and management perspectives: Edward C. Rojas, Hans J. L. Jørgensen, Birgit Jensen and David B. Collinge, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; 3.Diseases affecting wheat: Septoria tritici blotch: S. B. Goodwin, USDA-ARS, USA; 4.Diseases affecting wheat and barley: powdery mildew: Javier Sánchez-Martín, Salim Bourras and Beat Keller, University of Zürich, Switzerland; 5.Diseases affecting wheat: tan spot: C. S. Moffat, Curtin University, Australia; and F. M. Santana, Embrapa Trigo, Brazil; 6.Diseases affecting wheat: Septoria nodorum blotch: A. K. Ruud and M. Lillemo, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway; 7.A lesser-known pathogen of wheat: Bipolaris sorokiniana: E. Hill and P. Solomon, The Australian National University, Australia; 8.Diseases affecting wheat: wheat blast: J. L. N. Maciel, Embrapa Wheat, Brazil; 9.Diseases affecting barley: net blotches: Simon R. Ellwood, Curtin University, Australia; and Hugh Wallwork, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia; 10.Diseases affecting barley: scald: Wolfgang Knogge, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Part 2 Key challenges in integrated disease management of cereals11.Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases: R. J. Bryson and H-D. Brix, BASF SE, Germany; 12.Occurrence and avoidance of fungicide resistance in cereal diseases: Lise Nistrup Jørgensen, Aarhus University, Denmark; Richard Peter Oliver, Curtin University, Australia; and Thies Marten Heick, Aarhus University, Denmark; 13.Trends in exploring wheat and barley germplasm for novel disease resistance traits: Sambasivam Periyannan, Australian National University, Australia; and Lee Hickey, University of Queensland, Australia; 14.Developments in diagnostic techniques for cereal pathogens: Sadia Iqbal and Michael G. K. Jones, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre - Murdoch University, Australia; 15.Natural antifungal compounds for the control of diseases in wheat and other cereals: A. Schouten, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 16.The role of crop rotation, intercropping and tillage practices for foliar disease management of wheat and barley: T. K. Turkington, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; K. Xi, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Canada; and H. R. Kutcher, University of Saskatchewan, Canada;

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Book Synopsis"In conclusion, this extremely comprehensive, accurate and useful volume of reviews in the Burleigh Dodds series is recommended as an important reference for professionals and students alike." ISHS - Chronica HorticulturaeThis collection reviews advances in understanding and managing key diseases and insect pests of tree fruit. Part 1 summarises current research on what causes key fungal diseases (apple scab, powdery mildew, apple canker and brown rot) as well as viral diseases (apple mosaic virus and plum pox). Building on this foundation, Part 2 discusses integrated fruit disease management techniques such as improved surveillance, breeding disease-resistant varieties, improved fungicide application as well as the use of biocontrol agents.The second half of the book focuses on the ecology of major insect pests (aphids, tortricid moths, mites and spotted wing drosophila). The final part of the book reviews ways of improving integrated pest management (IPM) techniques for tree fruit, from monitoring and forecasting to agronomic practices to methods of biological control and optimisation of insecticide use.With its distinguished editors and expert team of chapter authors, this will be a standard reference on understanding and managing key diseases and insect pests of tree fruit.Trade Review"In conclusion, this extremely comprehensive, accurate and useful volume of reviews in the Burleigh Dodds series is recommended as an important reference for professionals and students alike." ISHS - Chronica HorticulturaeTable of ContentsPart 1 Fruit diseases1.Epidemiology and management of apple scab: Tom Passey and Xiangming Xu, NIAB EMR, UK; 2.Powdery mildew: biology, epidemiology, and management of Podosphaera spp. of tree fruit: A. Amiri and L. Gañán, Washington State University, USA; 3.Apple replant disease: causes and management: Zhiquan Mao and Yanfang Wang, Shandong Agricultural University, China; 4.Fungal diseases of fruit: apple cankers in Europe: Robert Saville and Leone Olivieri, NIAB EMR, UK; 5.Fungal diseases of fruit: apple canker in Asia: Baohua Li, Qingdao Agricultural University, China; 6.Brown rot: causes, detection and control of Monilinia spp. affecting tree fruit: Imre Holb, University of Debrecen and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; 7.Apple mosaic virus: biology, epidemiology and detection: Karel Petrzik, Biology Centre CAS, Czech Republic; 8.Plum pox virus: detection and management: Manuel Rubio, Federico Dicenta and Pedro Martínez-Gómez, CEBAS-CSIC, Spain; Part 2 Integrated fruit disease management9.Disease monitoring and decision making in integrated fruit disease management: Angela Berrie, NIAB EMR, UK; 10.Breeding fruit cultivars with durable disease resistance: Vincent G. M. Bus and Joanna K. Bowen, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand; Andrea Patocchi, Agroscope, Switzerland; Giovanni A. L. Broggini, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; Satish Kumar, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, New Zealand; and François N. D. Laurens, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, France; 11.Improving plant propagation methods for fruit disease control: Ioannis Tzanetakis, University of Arkansas, USA; and Robert Martin, USDA-ARS, USA; 12.Improving fungicide use in integrated fruit disease management: Mengjun Hu, University of Maryland, USA; 13.Use of biocontrol agents in fruit tree disease management: Jürgen Köhl, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands; 14.New techniques for managing post-harvest diseases of fruit: physical, chemical and biological agents: Simona Marianna Sanzani and Antonio Ippolito, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Italy; Part 3 Insect pests of fruit15.Insect pests of fruits: aphids: Giuseppe E. Massimino Cocuzza, Università di Catania, Italy; 16.Integrated management of tortricid pests of tree fruit: Alan L. Knight, USDA-ARS, USA; Gary J. R. Judd, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Canada; Todd Gilligan, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, USA; Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras, Universidad de Talca, Chile; and William B. Walker III, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; 17.Integrated management of mite pests of tree fruit: Rebecca A. Schmidt-Jeffris, Clemson University, USA; Elizabeth H. Beers, Washington State University, USA; and Carlo Duso, University of Padua, Italy; 18.Integrated management of tree fruit insect pests: Drosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila): Neil Audsley, Fera Science Ltd, UK; and Lorenzo Tonina and Nicola Mori, University of Padova, Italy; Part 4 Integrated management of fruit insect pests 19.Cultural control of arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit: Matthew J. Grieshop, Michigan State University, USA; 20.Improving monitoring and forecasting in integrated management of fruit arthropod pests: Tim Belien, Proefcentrum Fruitteelt VZW, Belgium; Slawomir Lux, inSilico-IPM, Poland; Bart De Ketelaere, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; and Dany Bylemans, Proefcentrum Fruitteelt VZW, Belgium; 21.Biological control in integrated management of deciduous fruit insect pests: the use of semiochemicals: Larry Gut, Christopher Adams and James Miller, Michigan State University, USA; and Peter McGhee and Donald Thomson, Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, USA; 22.Optimizing insecticide use in integrated management of fruit insect pests: Claudio Ioriatti and Gino Angeli, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy; Greg Krawczyk, The Pennsylvania State University, USA; and Carlo Duso, University of Padova, Italy;

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Book SynopsisThis volume summarises current developments in integrated pest management (IPM), focussing on insect pests. Chapters discuss advances in understanding species and landscape ecology on which IPM is founded. The book then reviews advances in cultural, physical and, in particular, biological methods of control. Topics include developments in classical, conservation and augmentative biological control as well as the use of entomopathogenic fungi, viruses, nematodes and semiochemicals. The final parts of the book summarise current research on monitoring pesticide use as well as emerging classes of biopesticides.Table of ContentsPart 1 Ecological foundations of IPM1.Foundations of an IPM program: detection, identification, and quantification: Michael E. Irwin, University of Illinois, USA; and Wendy Moore, University of Arizona, USA; 2.Advances in understanding species ecology: phenological and life cycle modeling of insect pests: Leonard Coop and Brittany S. Barker, Oregon State University, USA; 3.Understanding agroecosystems and pest management: from chemical control to integrated biodiversity management: Keizi Kiritani, formerly National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan; 4.Advances in understanding agroecosystems ecology and its applications in integrated pest management: Casey Hoy, Ohio State University, USA; 5.Advances in understanding the ecology of invasive crop insect pests and their impact on IPM: Robert Venette, USDA Forest Service, USA; and Amy Morey, University of Minnesota, USA; 6.Plant-insect interactions, host-plant resistance, and integrated pest management: Michael J. Stout, Louisiana State University Agricultural Centre, USA; Part 2 Cultural and physical methods in IPM7.Advances in breeding crops resistant to insect pests: rice as a paradigm: E. A. Heinrichs and John E. Foster, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; 8.The role and use of genetically engineered insect-resistant crops in integrated pest management systems: Steven E. Naranjo and Richard L. Hellmich, USDA-ARS, USA; Jörg Romeis, Agroscope, Switzerland; Anthony M. Shelton, Cornell University, USA; and Ana M. Vélez, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; 9.Biotechnology applications for integrated pest management: Ruth Mbabazi and Karim Maredia, Michigan State University, USA;10.Advances in physical control methods in IPM: Charles Vincent, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada Saint-Jeansur-Richelieu, Canada; Guy Hallman, Phytosanitation, Oceanside, USA; Phyllis Weintraub, Gilat Research Center, Israel; and Francis Fleurat-Lessard, Gradignan, France; 11.Robot-enhanced insect pest control: reality or fantasy?: Linton Winder, The BHU Future Farming Centre, New Zealand; and Rory Flemmer, Junior Enterprises, New Zealand; Part 3 Biological methods in IPM12.Advances in classical biological control to support IPM of perennial agricultural crops: Ivan Milosavljević and Mark S. Hoddle, University of California-Riverside, USA; 13.Advances in conservation biological control and habitat management for IPM: Prisila A. Mkenda, Charles Sturt University, Australia and The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tanzania; Sunita Pandey and Anne C. Johnson, Charles Sturt University, Australia and Graham Centre, Australia; and Geoff M. Gurr, Charles Sturt University, Australia, Graham Centre, Australia and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and Ministry of Education, China; 14.Advances in augmentative biological control in integrated pest management: Joop C. van Lenteren, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; and Vanda H. P. Bueno, Federal University of Lavras, Brazil;15.Integrated pest management (IPM) in greenhouse and other protected environments: Margaret Skinner, Cheryl Frank Sullivan and Bruce L. Parker, University of Vermont, USA; 16.Advances in microbial control in integrated pest management: entomopathogenic fungi: Travis Glare and Aimee McKinnon, Lincoln University, New Zealand; Roma Gwynn, Rationale, UK; and Michael Brownbridge, Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, Canada; 17.Advances in microbial control in IPM: entomopathogenic viruses: Sean Moore, Citrus Research International and Rhodes University, South Africa; and Michael Jukes, Rhodes University, South Africa; 18.Advances in use of entomopathogenic nematodes in integrated pest management: David Shapiro-Ilan, USDA-ARS, USA; Selcuk Hazir, Adnan Menderes University, Turkey; and Itamar Glazer, Volcani Center, Israel; Part 4 Chemical methods in IPM19.Chemical control in IPM systems: advances in selective pesticides and application systems: Graham Matthews, Imperial College London, UK;20.Ecological impacts of pesticides and their mitigation within IPM systems: Linda J. Thomson and Ary A. Hoffmann, University of Melbourne, Australia; 21.Monitoring and minimizing health risks related to pesticides: Keith Tyrell, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK; Sheila Willis, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Stephanie Williamson, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK; Davo Simplice Vodouhe, Organisation Béninoise pour la Promotion de l’Agriculture Biologique (OBEPAB) and Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin; and Anthony Youdeowei, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK) and University of Greenwich, UK;22.Peptide-based biopesticides: Shireen Davies, Rob Liskamp and Julian Dow, University of Glasgow, UK; Part 5 Implementation23.Integrated pest management (IPM) of nematodes: Hendrika Fourie and Dirk De Waele, North-West University, South Africa;24.Integrated pest management of mites: Oscar E. Liburd, Lorena Lopez, Daniel Carrillo, Alexandra M. Revynthi and Omotola Olaniyi, University of Florida, USA; and Rana Akyazi, Ordu University, Turkey; 25.Economic assessment of integrated pest management (IPM) implementation: George B. Frisvold, University of Arizona, USA; 26.The synergism of biocontrol and plant resistance: a path to advance IPM to higher levels of integration: Marcos Kogan, Oregon State University, USA;

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Book Synopsis"This book provides a decent overview of recent advances in biopesticides and other biological options for insect management with an easy-to-follow format and content…a good resource for students, educators, researchers, regulators, agricultural partners and IPM implementors interested in sustainable agriculture."(Society for Invertebrate Pathology Newsletter)With increasing concern about the environmental impact of synthetic pesticide use, including their impact on beneficial insects, the problem of insect resistance and the lack of new products, there has been an increasing interest in developing alternative biopesticides to control insects and other pests. This collection reviews the wealth of research on identifying, developing, assessing and improving the growing range of biopesticides. Part 1 of this collection reviews research on developing new biopesticides in such areas as screening new compounds, ways of assessing effectiveness in the field and improving regulatory approval processes. Part 2 summarises advances in different types of entomopathogenic biopesticide including entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes and the use of Bt genes in insect-resistant crops. Part 3 assesses the use of semiochemicals such as pheromones and allelochemicals, peptide-based and other natural substance-based biopesticides.Trade Review"This book provides a decent overview of recent advances in biopesticides and other biological options for insect management with an easy-to-follow format and content…a good resource for students, educators, researchers, regulators, agricultural partners and IPM implementors interested in sustainable agriculture."(Society for Invertebrate Pathology Newsletter)Table of ContentsPart 1 General1.Improving methods for developing new microbial biopesticides: Susan M. Boyetchko, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; 2.Implementing biopesticides as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme : József Kiss, Szent István University, Hungary; and Marc Delos, Académie d’Agriculture de France, France; 3.Improving regulatory approval processes for biopesticides and other new biological technologies in agriculture: Wyn Grant, University of Warwick, UK; and Roma Gwynn, Biorationale, UK ; Part 2 Microbial biopesticides, entomopathogenic nematodes and mites4.Advances in the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides in suppressing crop pests: Enrique Quesada-Moraga, Meelad Yousef-Naef and Inmaculada Garrido-Jurado, University of Cordóba, Spain; 5.Advances in the use of entomopathogenic bacteria/microbial control agents (MCAs) as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests: Tejas Rao and Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes, University of Tennessee, USA; 6.Advances in the use of Bt genes in insect-resistant crops: Salvatore Arpaia, ENEA Research Centre Trisaia-Rotondella (MT), Italy; 7.Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) as biocontrol agents against invertebrate pests: Luca Ruiu, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; 8.Advances in the use of entomopathogenic viruses as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests: Martin Erlandson, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; 9.Advances in the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests: Albrecht M. Koppenhöfer, Rutgers University, USA; David I. Shapiro-Ilan, USDA-ARS, USA; and Ivan Hiltpold, University of Delaware, USA; 10.Advances in the use of entomopathogenic oomycetes as biopesticides in suppressing crop insect pests: Aurélien Tartar, Nova Southeastern University, USA; Part 3 Natural substance-based biopesticides11.Advances in the use of semiochemicals in integrated pest management: pheromones: Gadi V. P. Reddy, USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USA; Anamika Sharma, Montana State University, USA; and Angel Guerrero, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC, Spain; 12.Possible use of allelochemicals in integrated pest management (IPM): Toby Bruce, Keele University, UK; 13.Peptides as novel biopesticides: Lin Bao, Robert M. Kennedy, Kyle Schneider, Alvar Carlson and Andy Renz, Vestaron Corporation, USA; 14.Development of plant-derived compounds as biopesticides: Barbara Thuerig and Lucius Tamm, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Switzerland;

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Book SynopsisPost-harvest losses of cereals and other grains, whether from spoilage microorganisms or insect pests, remain a significant issue in both the developed and developing world. Challenges include restrictions on chemicals for decontamination and increasing levels of insect resistance.Advances in postharvest management of cereals and grains provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the causes of postharvest cereal losses, as well as the key research on the detection and control of fungal contaminants. This collection includes authoritative discussions led by leading experts on the viability of different technologies implemented to control postharvest losses, such as fumigation, biopesticides, controlled atmospheres and control of fungal contamination.Table of ContentsPart 1 Postharvest losses and their causes1.Post-harvest losses of cereals and other grains: opportunity among issues and challenges: Steven T. Sonka, University of Maryland, USA; 2.Advances in understanding fungal contamination in cereals: Kizito Nishimwe, Iowa State University, USA and University of Rwanda, Rwanda; Julie Aiza L. Mandap, Iowa State University, USA and University of The Philippines Los Baños, The Philippines; and Gary P. Munkvold, Iowa State University, USA; 3.Advances in detection and management of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests: David Schlipalius and Paul Ebert, University of Queensland, Australia; 4.Advances in understanding rodent pests affecting cereal grains: Peter R. Brown, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australia; Grant R. Singleton, International Rice Research Institute, The Philippines; Steven R. Belmain, Natural Resources Institute (NRI) – University of Greenwich, UK; Nyo Me Htwe, Plant Protection Division – Myanma Agriculture Service, Myanmar; Loth Mulungu, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania; Mashaka Mdangi, Ministry of Agriculture, Tanzania; and Regino Cavia, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Part 2 Storage technologies5.Advances in bulk storage of cereals and grains: Michelle A. Friedmann and Dirk E. Maier, Iowa State University, USA; 6.Developments in the use of hermetic bags for grain storage: Dieudonne Baributsa, Purdue University, USA; and Ma Cristine Concepcion Ignacio, Iowa State University, USA and University of the Philippines Los Baños, The Philippines; 7.Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: detection and monitoring: Paul Fields, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; Fuji Jian, University of Manitoba, Canada; and Dianxuan Wang, Henan University of Technology, China; 8.Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: use of controlled atmosphere and temperature control: Shlomo Navarro and Hagit Navarro, Green Storage Ltd., Israel; 9.Biologically based control strategies for managing stored-product insect pests: Benjamin Fürstenau and Garnet Marlen Kroos, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Germany; 10.Advances in insect pest management in postharvest storage of cereals: novel techniques: Peter Follett, USDA-ARS, USA; Georgios Akepsimaidis and Nicolas Meneses, Bühler AG, Switzerland; and Matthew Murdoch and Heidi Kotilainen, Bühler UK Limited, UK; 11.Advances in post-harvest detection and control of fungal contamination of cereals: Naresh Magan, Esther Garcia-Cela, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen and Angel Medina, Cranfield University, UK; 12.Advances in techniques for monitoring the quality of stored cereal grains: Roger G. Aby and Dirk E. Maier, Iowa State University, USA; 13.Supporting smallholder farmers in developing countries to improve postharvest management of staple grains: the role of loss reduction technologies: Brighton M. Mvumi, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe; and Tanya Stathers, Natural Resources Institute (NRI) – University of Greenwich, UK;

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Book Synopsis“Internationally-renowned researcher Professor Per Kudsk from Aarhus University in Denmark assembled an excellent panel of European experts to discuss various aspects of IWM, namely weed ecology and intelligent weed control technologies, followed by numerous case studies. The book is timely, informative, and relevant to today’s pressing needs for clear guidelines promoting the adoption of much needed IWM practices around the globe.” (Professor Franck E. Dayan, Outlooks on Pest Management) Weed management continues to face many challenges, including herbicide resistance, invasive species, climate change and how best to deploy the range of non-chemical control methods available. To tackle these challenges, integrated weed management (IWM) needs to evolve to embrace a more holistic, landscape-based agroecological approach. Advances in integrated weed management provides an authoritative review of the latest developments in IWM. The book covers new research on understanding weed ecology as a basis for more sustainable control, as well as developments in technology to better target IWM techniques. This collection also offers examples of how advances are being applied in practice for particular crops. Edited by Professor Per Kudsk, Aarhus University, Denmark, Advances in integrated weed management will be a standard reference for weed scientists, researchers in crop protection, agronomists, farmers, companies supplying/manufacturing pesticides, and government and private sector agencies supporting sustainable agriculture.Trade Review“Internationally-renowned researcher Professor Per Kudsk from Aarhus University in Denmark assembled an excellent panel of European experts to discuss various aspects of IWM, namely weed ecology and intelligent weed control technologies, followed by numerous case studies. The book is timely, informative, and relevant to today’s pressing needs for clear guidelines promoting the adoption of much needed IWM practices around the globe.” (Professor Franck E. Dayan, Outlooks on Pest Management)Table of ContentsPart 1 Weed ecology1.Advances in understanding the contribution of weeds to the functioning of agroecosystems: Sandrine Petit, Séverin Yvoz, Alexandre Ploteau, Camille Zuccolo and Stéphane Cordeau Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; 2.Advances in understanding the dynamics of weed communities in integrated weed management systems: Jonathan Storkey, Sustainable Agriculture Science, Rothamsted Research, UK; 3.Advances in managing arable weed propagules: Bärbel Gerowitt, University of Rostock, Germany; and Barbara Baraibar, University of Lleida – Agrotecnio, Spain; 4.Advances in understanding allelopathic interactions between weeds and crops: Çağla Görkem Eroğlu and Aurélie Gfeller, Agroscope, Plant Production Systems, Herbology in Field Crops, Switzerland; Anna Elizabeth Louw-Gaume, Agroscope, Corporate Strategy, Switzerland; and Judith Wirth, Agroscope, Plant Production Systems, Herbology in Field Crops, Switzerland; 5.Advances in understanding invasive characteristics in weed species: Ahmet Uludağ, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey; Mehmet Arslan, Erciyes University, Turkey; İlhan Üremiş, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey; and Necmi Aksoy, Düzce University, Turkey; Part 2 Intelligent weed control technologies6.Modelling the effects of cropping systems on weed dynamics: the trade-off between process analysis and decision support: Nathalie Colbach, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne, France; 7.Developing decision support systems (DSS) for weed management: Panagiotis Kanatas, University of Patras, Greece; and Ilias Travlos, Ioannis Gazoulis and Alexandros Tataridas, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece; 8.Advanced detection technologies for weed scouting: C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, J. Dorado and J. M. Peña, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (CSIC), Spain; and D. Andújar, Centro de Automatica y Robótica (CSIC), Spain; 9.Advances in precision application technologies for weed management: Ran N. Lati, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel; Roland Gerhards, University of Hohenheim, Germany; Hanan Eizenberg and Maor Matzrafi, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel; Lior Blank, Agricultural Research Organization – Volcani Center, Israel; and Svend Christensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; 10.Advances in mechanical weed control technologies: Bo Melander and Margaret R. McCollough, Aarhus University, Denmark; Part 3 Case studies11.On-farm implementation of integrated weed management: M. M. Riemens and M. Elings, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands; 12.Optimising integrated weed management in narrow-row crops: L. Bonin, ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, France; R. Leskovšek, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia; C. Moonen, Institute of Life Science, Italy; W. Smith, NIAB, UK; and M. Sønderskov, Aarhus University, Denmark; 13.Integrated weed management in grasslands: Urs Schaffner, CABI, Switzerland; Heinz Müller-Schärer, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; and Andreas Lüscher, Agroscope, Switzerland; 14.Integrated weed management in perennial woody crops: Verónica Pedraza and José Luis González-Andújar, IAS-CSIC, Spain; Victoire Huet and Paul Tuteirihia, NIAB EMR, UK; and Julien Lecourt, Pôle Scientifique des vignobles Bernard Magrez, France; 15.Evaluating the economics of integrated weed management: Pieter de Wolf, Saskia Houben, William Bijker and Koen Klompe, Wageningen Plant Research, The Netherlands;

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Book Synopsis"The work not only presents the state of the art for several aspects of IPM but goes further in analysing the actual issues of efficiency and obstacles for wider application by growers…In conclusion this book is a must-have for horticultural students and scientists. It will certainly help to raise IPM application in horticulture to a higher level."(Peter Bleyaert, Chronica Horticulturae)"The book contains some excellent detailed overviews of recent advances in IPM technology…I congratulate the editor and authors for assembling such a wide range of up-to-date IPM resources into this valuable initiative for scientists, students, agronomists and growers with an interest in horticulture." (Dr Almudena Ortiz-Urquiza, Plant Pathology)"Improving integrated pest management in horticulture presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in knowledge and research in IPM in horticultural production…The book is easy and enjoyable to read and understand and the chapters and topics are logically arranged and presented. It will be a standard reference for graduate students preparing for careers in horticulture, IPM researchers in horticulture, crop pest management professionals, government agencies tasked with monitoring and regulating pesticide use in agriculture and manufacturers and suppliers of agricultural pesticides."(Professor Stephen N. Wegulo, Crop Protection)"This book is an extremely important source of information on the present situation and hopefully will encourage more research to refine IPM in horticultural crops."(Professor Graham Matthews, Outlooks on Pest Management)Pests and diseases remain a significant threat to crop yields worldwide. With concerns about the environmental impact of synthetic pesticides, there remains a need to develop more environmentally-friendly biological methods of control that can be combined synergistically within integrated pest management (IPM) strategies.Improving integrated pest management in horticulture provides a comprehensive review of the recent developments in integrated pest management for horticultural crops. The collection builds on the wealth of research on insect and disease control in horticulture using IPM strategies in areas such as biological control and decision support systems to target techniques more effectively. The book also includes valuable case studies based on practical experience of IPM.Trade Review"The work not only presents the state of the art for several aspects of IPM but goes further in analysing the actual issues of efficiency and obstacles for wider application by growers…In conclusion this book is a must-have for horticultural students and scientists. It will certainly help to raise IPM application in horticulture to a higher level."(Peter Bleyaert, Chronica Horticulturae)."The book contains some excellent detailed overviews of recent advances in IPM technology…I congratulate the editor and authors for assembling such a wide range of up-to-date IPM resources into this valuable initiative for scientists, students, agronomists and growers with an interest in horticulture." (Dr Almudena Ortiz-Urquiza, Plant Pathology)"Improving integrated pest management in horticulture presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in knowledge and research in IPM in horticultural production…The book is easy and enjoyable to read and understand and the chapters and topics are logically arranged and presented. It will be a standard reference for graduate students preparing for careers in horticulture, IPM researchers in horticulture, crop pest management professionals, government agencies tasked with monitoring and regulating pesticide use in agriculture and manufacturers and suppliers of agricultural pesticides."(Professor Stephen N. Wegulo, Crop Protection)"This book is an extremely important source of information on the present situation and hopefully will encourage more research to refine IPM in horticultural crops." (Professor Graham Matthews, Outlooks on Pest Management)Table of ContentsPart 1 Using biological agents in integrated pest management1.Advances in biopesticides for insect control in horticulture: Travis R. Glare, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, New Zealand; and Aimee C. McKinnon, La Trobe University, Australia; 2.Advances in bioprotectants for plant disease control in horticulture: Philippe C. Nicot, Thomas Pressecq and Marc Bardin, INRAE, Pathologie Végétale, France; 3.Advances in biostimulants as an IPM tool in horticulture: Surendra K. Dara, University of California Cooperative Extension, USA; 4.Improving application systems for bioprotectants in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in horticulture: Clare Butler Ellis, Silsoe Spray Applications Unit Ltd, UK; Part 2 Using decision support systems in integrated pest management5.Advances in insect pest and disease monitoring and forecasting in horticulture: Irene Vänninen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finland; 6.Advances in proximal sensors to detect crop health status in horticultural crops: Catello Pane, CREA – Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Italy; 7.Advances in decision support systems (DSSs) for integrated pest management in horticultural crops: Mark W. Ramsden, ADAS, UK; and Aoife O’Driscoll, NIAB, UK; Part 3 Improving integrated pest management techniques and implementation8.The use of agronomic practices in integrated pest management programmes in horticulture: Aude Alaphilippe, Claude Bussi, Marion Casagrande, Tarek Dardouri and Sylvaine Simon, INRAE UERI Gotheron, France; Pierre-Eric Lauri, INRAE UMR ABSys, France; Amélie Lefèvre, INRAE Agroecological Vegetable Systems Experimental Facility, France; and Mireille Navarrete, INRAE UR Ecodeveloppement, France; 9.Advancing conservation biological control as a component of integrated pest management of horticultural crops: Robbie D. Girling, Tom D. Breeze and Michael P. Garratt, University of Reading, UK; 10.Assessing the economics of integrated pest management for horticultural crops: Philip R. Crain and David W. Onstad, Corteva Agriscience, USA; 11.Encouraging integrated pest management uptake in horticultural crop production: Norma R. Samuel, Associate District Extension Director and Urban Horticulture Extension Agent, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, USA; and Oscar E. Liburd, University of Florida-Gainesville, USA; Part 4 Case studies12.Practical application of integrated pest management in greenhouses and protected cultivation: Bruno Gobin, Els Pauwels and Joachim Audenaert, PCS-Ornamental Plant Research, Belgium; 13.Practical applications of integrated pest management in horticultural cultivation: the cases of protected tomato and outdoor Brassica production: Richard H. Binks, FreshTec Agricultural Consultancy Limited, UK; 14.Practical application of integrated pest management to control cabbage root fly in vegetables: Louis Lippens, PCG vzw – Vegetable Research Centre Kruishoutem, Belgium; Sander Fleerakkers, PSKW vzw – Research Station for Vegetable Production Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium; Femke Temmerman, Inagro vzw, Belgium; and Annelies De Roissart, HOGENT University of Applied Sciences & Arts, Belgium;

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Book Synopsis"[The book]…provides a balanced picture of the possibilities and advantages, as well as the challenges, that use of biological crop protection entails… For anyone involved in the microbial bioprotectants space, this is a comprehensive resource you won’t want to miss out on. It includes practical yet academic-led discussion and examples that help establish the roadmap for this section of the bioag sector."(BioAgWorld) "This book provides a plethora of knowledge on the biological fight against plant diseases. It’s a must have for everyone involved in plant science."(Arie Dwarswaard, Greenity)"The authors provide an overview of beneficial microorganisms against plant pathogens, with a focus on product development, authorisation and application in practice. The book is a source of knowledge and inspiration for researchers, product developers, policy makers and growers."(Doriet Willemen, Gewasbescherming)With growing concerns about the environmental impact of synthetic fungicides, increasing levels of fungicide resistance and increasing regulatory restrictions on fungicide use, the crop protection sector faces mounting pressure to replace synthetic fungicides with more environmentally-friendly biological alternatives for disease control.Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management provides a comprehensive coverage of the recent advances in the development of more ecologically balanced biological methods to control plant diseases. The collection offers a focussed review on the availability and use of bacterial, fungal and viral bioprotectants, as well as the issues that arise with their development and use.Edited by two world-renowned figures in the field, Microbial bioprotectants for plant disease management will be a standard reference point for researchers in crop protection and agronomy; government and private sector agencies involved in sustainable agriculture; agrochemical companies manufacturing/selling crop protection products; agronomists and farmers wanting to broaden their knowledge on bioprotectants.Trade Review"[The book]…provides a balanced picture of the possibilities and advantages, as well as the challenges, that use of biological crop protection entails… For anyone involved in the microbial bioprotectants space, this is a comprehensive resource you won’t want to miss out on. It includes practical yet academic-led discussion and examples that help establish the roadmap for this section of the bioag sector."(BioAgWorld) "This book provides a plethora of knowledge on the biological fight against plant diseases. It’s a must have for everyone involved in plant science."(Arie Dwarswaard, Greenity)"The authors provide an overview of beneficial microorganisms against plant pathogens, with a focus on product development, authorisation and application in practice. The book is a source of knowledge and inspiration for researchers, product developers, policy makers and growers."(Doriet Willemen, Gewasbescherming)Table of ContentsPart 1 Product development of microbials1.Advances in understanding modes of action of microbial bioprotectants: Gabriele Berg, Graz University of Technology and Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Austria; Peter Kusstatscher, Franz Stocker and Ahmed Abdelfattah, Graz University of Technology, Austria; and Tomislav Cernava, Graz University of Technology and Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Austria; 2.Advances in screening approaches for the development of microbial bioprotectants to control plant diseases: Wagner Bettiol, Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Brazil; Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos de Medeiros, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil; Josiane Barros Chiaramonte, Vittia Fertilizantes e Biológicos SA, Brazil; and Rodrigo Mendes, Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Brazil; 3.Visualising plant colonisation by beneficial bacteria: a key step to improve the understanding of plant–microbe interactions: Stéphane Compant, Günter Brader and Angela Sessitsch, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Austria; 4.Durability of efficacy of microbial bioprotectants against plant diseases: Marc Bardin, Thomas Pressecq and Philippe C. Nicot, INRAE, Pathologie Végétale, Avignon, France; and Yousra Bouaoud, University of Bejaia, Algeria; 5.Advances in production and formulation of commercial microbial bioprotectant products: Jacob Eyal, Michael Dimock, and José João Carvalho, Certis USA LLC, USA; 6.Key issues in the regulation of microbial bioprotectants in the European Union: challenges and solutions to achieve more sustainable crop protection: Rüdiger Hauschild, APIS Applied Insect Science GmbH, Germany; and Willem J. Ravensberg, Koppert Biological Systems, The Netherlands; 7.Microbial bioprotectants and the marketplace: Mark C. Trimmer, DunhamTrimmer LLC, USA; Part 2 Biological control agents8.The use of Bacillus spp. as bacterial biocontrol agents to control plant diseases: Adrien Anckaert, Anthony Arguelles Arias and Grégory Hoff, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium; Maryline Calonne-Salmon and Stéphane Declerck, UCLouvain (University of Louvain-la-Neuve), Belgium; and Marc Ongena, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiege (University of Liège), Belgium;9.The use of Pseudomonas spp. as bacterial biocontrol agents to control plant diseases: Monica Hӧfte, Ghent University, Belgium; 10.Are there bacterial bioprotectants besides Bacillus and Pseudomonas species?: Emilio Montesinos and Anna Bonaterra, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Spain; 11.The use of Trichoderma spp. to control plant diseases: Enrique Monte and Rosa Hermosa, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE) – University of Salamanca, Spain; 12.Clonostachys rosea to control plant diseases: Dan Funck Jensen and Mukesh Dubey, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; Birgit Jensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; and Magnus Karlsson, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; 13.Bacteriophages to control plant diseases: Manoj Choudhary and Mathews Paret, University of Florida and North Florida Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, USA; Aleksa Obradović, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Katarina Gašić, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Serbia; and Jeffrey B. Jones, University of Florida, USA; 14.The use of mild viruses for control of plant pathogenic viruses: Nelia Ortega-Parra, De Ceuster Meststoffen BV (DCM) and Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; Zafeiro Zisi, Scientia Terrae Research Institute VZW and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium; and Inge M. Hanssen, De Ceuster Meststoffen NV (DCM), Belgium; 15.Biocontrol via mycoviruses, a neglected option for bioprotection?: Anne D. van Diepeningen, BU Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands; Part 3 Examples of use of microbial bioprotectants16.Development and scale-up of bioprotectants to keep staple foods safe from aflatoxin contamination in Africa: Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Matieyedou Konlambigue, Lawrence Kaptoge and Titilayo D. O. Falade, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria; and Peter J. Cotty, Ocean University of China, China; 17.Using Verticillium albo-atrum WCS850 to control Dutch elm disease: Joeke Postma, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; Part 4 Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants18.The role of bioprotectants for disease control in integrated crop protection approaches: Jürgen Köhl, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands; 19.Future outlook on microbial bioprotectants in agriculture: Willem J. Ravensberg, Koppert Biological Systems, The Netherlands;

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Book SynopsisThis specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on fusarium in cereal crops.The first chapter describes how progress can be built over current agricultural practices in integrated pest management plans. It also addresses the disease cycle of Fusarium head blight, host–pathogen interactions, genetic resistance, the role of mycotoxins, as well as the impact of the disease on yields and loss of crop quality.The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, as well as what we know about the mechanisms of barley genetic resistance to fungal pathogens. It features detailed discussions on biotrophic foliar diseases such as stem rust and powdery mildew and necrotrophic diseases such as spot blotch and Fusarium head blight.The third chapter reviews control measures for Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew, including the development of resistant cultivars. The final chapter considers the current status of global wheat production, the impact of crop loss on food security and the emergence of the current regulatory environment surrounding pesticides. It also features discussions on the current status of the global fungicide market.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Fusarium diseases: biology and management perspectives: Edward C. Rojas, Hans J. L. Jørgensen, Birgit Jensen and David B. Collinge, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; 1 Introduction2 Fusarium epidemiology and distribution3 Disease cycle and infection4 Host–pathogen interaction5 Genetic resistance6 Mycotoxins7 Yield and quality losses8 Disease management9 Future trends10 Conclusion11 Acknowledgements12 Where to look for further information13 ReferencesChapter 2 - Fungal diseases affecting barley: Robert S. Brueggeman, Shyam Solanki, Gazala Ameen and Karl Effertz, Washington State University, USA; Roshan Sharma Poudel, North Dakota State University, USA; and Aziz Karakaya, Ankara University, Turkey; 1 Introduction2 Understanding plant genetic resistance to fungal pathogens3 Biotrophic foliar diseases: stem rust4 Leaf rust5 Stripe rust6 Powdery mildew7 Necrotrophic diseases: spot blotch8 Net blotch9 Ramularia leaf spot10 Septoria speckled leaf blotch11 Scald12 Fusarium head blight13 A seed-borne disease: barley stripe14 Conclusion15 ReferencesChapter 3 - Advances in control of wheat diseases: Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew: Hermann Buerstmayr, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria; Volker Mohler, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Germany; and Mohan Kohli, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Paraguay; 1 Introduction2 Occurrence of Fusarium head blight, wheat blast and powdery mildew3 Agronomic control measures4 Chemical and/or biological control5 Disease forecasting and decision support for farmers6 Adoption of resistant cultivars7 Genomics-assisted resistance breeding8 Future trends and needs in research9 Where to look for further information10 ReferencesChapter 4 - Challenges and prospects for fungicidal control of wheat diseases: R. J. Bryson and H-D. Brix, BASF SE, Germany; 1 Introduction2 Global wheat production3 Crop loss, plant health and the value of fungicide applications4 Evolution of the pesticide regulatory environment5 Status of the global fungicide market6 Conclusion and future trends7 References

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Book SynopsisThis specially curated collection features three reviews of current and key research on climate change, insect pests and invasive species.The first chapter reviews the impact of climate change on insect pests and how it has affected insect pest development and population dynamics, activity and abundance, diversity and geographical distribution. It also assesses insect-host plant interactions and the effectiveness of crop pest management techniques.The second chapter discusses the literature on the potential impact of climate change on the principal insect pests of wheat, including cereal aphids, Hessian fly, orange wheat blossom midge, cereal leaf beetle and cotton bollworm. It assesses the different methods used to assess likely impacts as well climate change effects on biological control in wheat systems.The final chapter surveys what we know about the ecology of invasive species and potential management strategies. In particular, it assesses how integrated pest management (IPM) needs to evolve to deal with invasive species, particularly in focussing more on monitoring, prevention and rapid response.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Understanding and mitigating the impact of climate change on insect pests and food security: Kayode David Ileke, Federal University of Technology – Akure, Nigeria; Luke Chinaru Nwosu and Maduamaka Cyriacus Abajue, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; 1 Introduction 2 Climate change effects on insect pests 3 Climate change impacts on insect pest population dynamics 4 Climate change impacts on insect pest behaviour and activity 5 Climate change impacts on the geographical distribution of insect pests 6 Climate change impacts on host plant resistance to insects 7 Climate change impacts on insect pollinators 8 Climate change impacts on the effectiveness of pest management techniques 9 Conclusions 10 Where to look for further information 11 References Chapter 2 - The impact of climate change on wheat insect pests: current knowledge and future trends: Sanford D. Eigenbrode, University of Idaho, USA; and Sarina Macfadyen, CSIRO, Australia; 1 Climate change and insect pests: the global perspective 2 Cereal aphids 3 Vector-borne plant viruses 4 Hessian fly and orange wheat blossom midge 5 Cereal leaf beetle, cotton bollworm and other pest species affecting wheat 6 Climate change effects on biological pest control in wheat systems 7 Other considerations: interaction of stress factors, extreme events and pest behaviour 8 Conclusions 9 Where to look for further information 10 Acknowledgements 11 References Chapter 3 - Advances in understanding the ecology of invasive crop insect pests and their impact on IPM: Robert Venette, USDA Forest Service, USA; and Amy Morey, University of Minnesota, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Ecology of invasive species 3 Invasive species management strategies 4 Relationship of invasive species management to IPM 5 Future trends 6 Acknowledgements 7 Where to look for further information 8 References

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Book SynopsisBananas are a key food source for millions, whilst their production supports the livelihood of farmers across the globe. However, recent research has identified the vulnerability of particular banana varieties to major pests and diseases, such as the threat of Tropical Race 4 (Panama disease) to the Cavendish variety. With the banana industry under threat of extinction, more research is required into understanding the biology of the pests and diseases that pose this threat so that more effective management strategies can be developed and the risk of future outbreaks reduced. Achieving sustainable cultivation of bananas Volume 3: Diseases and pests provides a comprehensive review of the major pests and diseases affecting global banana production including Tropical Race 4, black Sigatoka, banana streak virus, root knot nematodes, weevil borer and thrips. The collection explores existing methods for pest/disease diagnosis and identification, as well as current management strategies used to control and/or prevent outbreaks, such as cultural, chemical and biological control methods, the development of disease resistant cultivars and integrated pest and disease management.Table of ContentsPart 1 Fungal diseases 1.Major banana leaf diseases: yellow and black Sigatoka, eumusa leaf spot: Jean Carlier, CIRAD, France; 2.Fungal diseases of banana: freckle: André Drenth, The University of Queensland, Australia; 3.Fungal diseases of banana: Fusarium wilt R1: Einar Martinez, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 4.Fungal diseases of banana: Fusarium wilt TR4: Gert Kema, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 5.Towards sustainable management of Fusarium wilt in banana: André Drenth, The University of Queensland, Australia; 6.Minor fungal diseases of banana: Speckle, Rust (Uredo musae), Black Cross (Pyllachora musicola), Marasmiellus rot, Cigar end (Verticillium Theobroma), Anthracnose: Luis Ernesto Pocasangre, EARTH University, Costa Rica; Part 2 Bacterial and Phytoplasma diseases 7.Bacterial diseases of banana: Moko: Mauricio Guzmán, Corbana, Costa Rica; 8.Bacterial diseases of banana: banana blood disease: Jane Ray, The University of Queensland, Australia; 9.Bacterial diseases of banana: Xanthomonas wilt: Guy Blomme, Bioversity, Italy; 10.Bacterial soft rots of pseudostem and rhizome in banana and plantain: Luis Pérez-Vicente, INISAV, Cuba; 11.Phytoplasma diseases in banana: banana wilt associated phytoplasma (BWAP) and emerging phytoplasmas: Lilia Carvalhais, The University of Queensland, Australia; Part 3 Viral diseases 12.Viral diseases of banana: banana bunchy top virus: John Thomas, The University of Queensland, Australia; 13.Viral diseases of banana: banana streak virus: Andrew Geering, The University of Queensland, Australia; 14.Emerging banana viruses: banana mild mosaic virus, bract mosaic virus, banana mosaic virus, novel banana viruses: Sebastien Massart, University of Liege, Belgium; Part 4 Nematode pests of banana 15.Nematodes of banana: Mieke Daneel, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), South Africa; 16.Towards sustainable management of nematodes in banana: Tony Pattison, DAF - Queensland, Australia; Part 5 Insect pests of banana 17.Insect pests of banana: weevil borer: Cesar Guillen Sanchez, Corbana, Costa Rica; 18.Insect pests of banana: banana Red Rust thrips: Frans Wielemaker Sanderse, Consultant (formerly Director of Research at Dole Fresh Fruit International), Costa Rica *; 19.Insect pests of banana: common bunch pests and their sustainable management: *Luud Clercx, Project Manager – AgroFair Benelux BV, The Netherlands; Part 6 Disease affecting the fruit 20.Management of diseases on banana fruit in the field: Marc Jackson, Global Fruit Protection, Australia; 21.Post-harvest diseases in banana and their sustainable management: Maria Gloria Lobo, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Spain;

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on managing arthropod pests in tree fruit.The first chapter provides a brief overview of the major aphid pests affecting tree fruit production, focussing on those causing economic damage in citrus, apple, pear and stone fruit production. The chapter considers the techniques available for their control and looks ahead to future research in this area.The second chapter addresses the complex issue of managing and controlling arthropod pests in tree fruit production in the face of increasing pesticide regulatory restrictions, as well as public concerns about food safety and environmental impact. The chapter considers the need for a more basic understanding of pest biology and development which can then be used in predictive models to support the effective use of more selective and sustainable crop protection methods.The third chapter introduces key arthropod pests of apples and highlights the importance of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in controlling infestations. The chapter reviews the tools and tactics available as part of a sustainable IPM programme, as well as current and future challenges facing IPM.The final chapter outlines key cultural tactics for managing arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit, including the modification of trees, tree architecture, orchard floor management, cultivation practices, mowing and the cultivation of orchard cover crops.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Insect pests of fruit: aphids: Giuseppe E. Massimino Cocuzza, Università di Catania, Italy; 1 Introduction2 Citrus aphids3 Apple and pear aphids4 Stone fruit aphids5 Control of aphid pests6 Future trends and conclusion7 Where to look for further information8 ReferencesChapter 2 - Optimizing pest management in fruit cultivation: Arthur Agnello, Cornell University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Arthropod biology3 Population monitoring4 Chemical communication5 Organic tree fruit production6 Case studies7 Where to look for further information8 ReferencesChapter 3 - Sustainable arthropod management for apples: Elizabeth H. Beers, Washington State University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Key arthropod pests3 Other key arthropod pests4 Secondary arthropod pests: introduction, leaf and bud damage5 Secondary arthropod pests: shoot, branch, trunk, root and fruit damage6 Models, decision aids and monitoring7 Tools and tactics: pesticides, biological control, mating disruption and host plant resistance8 Challenges to the sustainability of integrated pest management (IPM)9 Where to look for further information10 Acknowledgements11 ReferencesChapter 4 - Cultural control of arthropod pests in temperate tree fruit: Matthew J. Grieshop, Michigan State University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Modification of trees3 Host-plant resistance4 Tree nutrient status5 Tree architecture6 Orchard floor management7 Cultivation8 Mowing9 Orchard cover crops10 Protected culture and physical exclusion11 Sanitation12 Case study: integration of rotational hog grazing and apple production13 Future trends and conclusion14 Where to look for further information15 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in agriculture.The first chapter considers the use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as plant biostimulants in agriculture. It considers the benefits of PGPR, such as their ability to promote plant growth and productivity under both normal and abiotic-stressed induced environments. The chapter also looks towards PGPR application as a sustainable and efficient method to enhance crop production.The second chapter reviews recent research on the use of PGPR as biofertilizers to enhance root function and improve nutrient uptake, with emphasis on their effects on root architecture, metabolism and adaptation to abiotic stress.The third chapter explores the use of microbial bio-effectors and their ability to optimise the mineral nutrition of agricultural crops. The chapter also reviews the wealth of research on the mechanism of action, applications and efficacy of key plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs).The final chapter reviews the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) as a biocontrol agent against invertebrate pests. The chapter analyses the effects of PGPB species against these pest types and enlists a case study on the PGPB species Pseudomonas protegens to further demonstrate this.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as plant biostimulants in agriculture: Dongmei Lyu, Rachel Backer and Donald Smith, McGill University, Canada; 1 Introduction2 Plant growth promotion3 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and abiotic stress4 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) against biotic stress5 Dangers of assuming the effectors or mechanisms are known6 Conclusion and future trends7 Where to look for further information8 ReferencesChapter 2 - PThe use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve root function and crop nutrient use efficiency: Melissa M. Larrabee and Louise M. Nelson, University of British Columbia, Canada; 1 Introduction2 The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on root function3 The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant mineral nutrition4 Future trends in research5 Conclusion6 Where to look for further information7 ReferencesChapter 3 - PBio-effectors to optimize the mineral nutrition of crop plants: Markus Weinmann and Günter Neumann, University Hohenheim, Germany; 1 Introduction2 Defining ‘bio-effectors’ and other key terms3 Bacillus species4 Pseudomonas species5 Trichoderma species6 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi7 Synergies between bio-effectors8 Improving bio-effector functionality9 Case study: the BioFector Project10 Conclusions11 Where to look for further information12 ReferencesChapter 4 - PPlant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) as biocontrol agents against invertebrate pests: Luca Ruiu, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Italy; 1 Introduction2 Plant growth promotion3 Action against plant pathogens4 Potential against invertebrate pests5 Applications in agriculture and forestry6 Case study: Pseudomonas protegens7 Conclusion and future trends8 Where to look for further information9 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agriculture.The first chapter reviews the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as biostimulants for sustainable crop production and explores the benefits of its use, such as bidirectional nutrient exchange and soil quality. The chapter discusses the requirements needed for successful implementation of AMF in sustainable crop production, and also maps the current market for mycorrhizal products.The second chapter explores our understanding of how AMF can modify nutrient availability in soil, specifically concerning the roles that fungal ecology and physiology may play during the processes of nutrient acquisition and transformation. The chapter also refers to future opportunities in research to exploit AMF to improve nutrient-use efficiency.The third chapter highlights further advances in our understanding of how AMF can improve root function in agricultural systems. The chapter also discusses the functional diversity apparent in plant responses to AMF colonisation.The final chapter reviews the use of AMF-based bio-inoculants in tea cultivation. The chapter also discusses the range of AMF associated with tea and their effects on the tea rhizosphere, plant growth and quality.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants for sustainable crop production: Michael Bitterlich, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Germany; Louis Mercy and Miguel Arato, INOQ GmbH, Germany; and Philipp Franken, Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; 1 Introduction 2 Functions and benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi 3 Requirements for successful implementation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in sustainable plant production 4 The current market for mycorrhizal products 5 Conclusion 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 2 - Advances in understanding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal effects on soil nutrient cycling: Haiyang Zhang and Jeff R. Powell, Western Sydney University, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Current understanding of AM fungi and nutrient cycling 3 AM fungal effects on soil fertility in an agronomic context 4 Future research: functional linkages between roots and AM fungi 5 Where to look for further information 6 References Chapter 3 - The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve root function and nutrient-use efficiency: Tom Thirkell, Grace Hoysted, Ashleigh Elliott and Katie Field, University of Leeds, UK; and Tim Daniell, University of Sheffield, UK; 1 Introduction 2 Mycorrhizal nutrient acquisition 3 AMF effects on root architecture 4 Barriers to AMF utilisation in agriculture 5 Adapt, replace, restore (or ignore?) 6 Conclusion 7 Future trends in research 8 Where to look for more information 9 References Chapter 4 - The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tea cultivation: Shipra Singh and Anita Pandey, G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, India; and Lok Man S. Palni, Graphic Era University, India; 1 Introduction 2 AMF, tea and the tea rhizosphere 3 Development of AMF-based bioformulation for tea plantations 4 Plant growth promotion following inoculation with AMF consortia 5 AMF inoculation, tea growth and tea quality 6 Conclusion and future perspectives 7 Where to look for further information 8 Acknowledgements 9 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on mite pests in agriculture.The first chapter offers a holistic approach to integrated mite management by reviewing the basics of mite taxonomy and morphology. It studies the key plant mite families, focussing on major plant feeding mites (Tetranychidae, Tarsonemidae, Eriophyoidea), as well as the natural predators that regulate these mite populations.The second chapter explores the cultural, biological and chemical control tactics available for controlling major plant feeding mites. These tactics include: choosing tolerant varieties and weed management. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the debate surrounding the best form of control for mite pests in agriculture.The third chapter highlights the importance of understanding the bio-ecology of Tetranychidae species affecting tomato crops, including the two-spotted spider mite, carmine spider mite and red spider mite. The chapter considers the effects of each pest on tomato plants, as well as how best to control them.The final chapter details the ecology of mite pests affecting wheat that belong to the Eriophyoidea family, such as gall mites and wheat curl mites. The chapter discusses the various forms of control for managing Eriophyid mites, as well as the development of new resistant varieties of wheat.

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Book SynopsisThis collection features three peer-reviewed literature reviews on pesticide residues in agriculture.The first chapter outlines the ways in which pesticide use can lead to increased pest problems, such as pest resurgence and replacement, and the development of pesticide resistance. The chapter examines current strategies for mitigating the impacts of pesticides and refers to a detailed case study on the diamondback moth (DBM) to demonstrate the practical application of these strategies.The second chapter explores the threat of pesticide poisoning to human health, either via deliberate self-poisoning or via occupational exposure. It discusses how best to monitor exposure to pesticides, as well as how to minimize the human health risks that may arise as a result of their use/exposure. The authors refer to a case study on smallholder cotton farmers in the Republic of Benin to emphasise the global pesticide poisoning crisis.The final chapter reviews the environmental impacts of pesticide use in agriculture, focussing on their contribution to global human and ecological health issues. It provides an overview of how pesticides are currently addressed in emission inventory and impact assessment, and discusses the relevance of spatiotemporal variability in modelling emissions and the toxicity and ecotoxicity impacts of pesticides.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Ecological impacts of pesticides and their mitigation within IPM systems: Linda J. Thomson and Ary A. Hoffmann, University of Melbourne, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Increased pest problems with pesticide use 3 Mitigation of pesticide impacts 4 Case study: diamondback moth 5 Future trends and conclusion 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 2 - Monitoring and minimizing health risks related to pesticides: Keith Tyrell, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK; Sheila Willis, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK and University of Cape Town, South Africa; Stephanie Williamson, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK), UK; Davo Simplice Vodouhe, Organisation Béninoise pour la Promotion de l’Agriculture Biologique (OBEPAB) and Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Benin; and Anthony Youdeowei, Pesticide Action Network UK (PAN UK) and University of Greenwich, UK; 1 Introduction 2 Data-collection approaches and limitations 3 Policy responses to the global pesticide poisoning crisis 4 Case study: smallholder cotton farming in the Republic of Benin 5 Recent surveys in Benin 6 Conclusions 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 3 - Modelling the environmental impacts of pesticides in agriculture: Peter Fantke, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; 1 Introduction 2 Applying pesticides and quantifying emissions 3 Ecotoxicity impacts of pesticides 4 Human toxicity impacts of pesticides 5 Addressing spatiotemporal variability 6 Substituting pesticides to optimize agricultural pesticide use 7 Case study 8 Future trends and conclusion 9 Acknowledgements 10 Where to look for further information 11 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on nematode pests in agriculture.The first chapter assesses the value and impact of using integrated pest management (IPM) to combat nematode pests. It summarises the basic biology and morphology of the most economically-important nematode pests and reviews cultural, biological and chemical methods of control.The second chapter discusses advances in understanding plant root response to nematode attack. It highlights how nematodes form feeding structures in host roots and how this behaviour has allowed plants to evolve new mechanisms of resistance that target this structure with a toxic response.The third chapter discusses key nematode pests of wheat, including cereal cyst, root-knot and root-lesion nematodes. It features research on best practice in detecting and managing these pests effectively.The fourth chapter summarises what we know about soil and plant nematodes damaging maize, including lesion, root-knot and vermiform nematodes. It reviews research on characteristics, identification and effects which provide the foundation for effective control.The final chapter describes the characteristics and control of key nematode pests of potatoes: potato cyst nematodes, root knot nematodes, root lesion nematode, potato rot and stem nematodes as well as virus vector nematodes.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Integrated pest management (IPM) of nematodes: Hendrika Fourie and Dirk De Waele, North-West University, South Africa; 1 Introduction2 Major economically important nematode pests of grain and leguminous crops: classification, morphology and biology3 Integrated pest management (IPM) strategies used to control nematode pests4 Case study5 Future trends and challenges6 Conclusion7 Where to look for further information8 ReferencesChapter 2 - Advances in understanding plant root response to nematode attack: Shahid Siddique, University of California-Davis, USA; and John T. Jones, The James Hutton Institute and University of St Andrews, UK; 1 Introduction2 Modes of parasitism3 Plant-nematode interactions4 Activation and suppression of plant defence responses5 Resistance6 Future trends7 Where to look for further information8 Acknowledgement9 ReferencesChapter 3 - Wheat pests: introduction, rodents and nematodes: Marion O. Harris, North Dakota State University, USA; Jens Jacob, Julius K ü hn-Institut, Germany; Peter Brown, CSIRO, Australia; and Guiping Yan, North Dakota State University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Why wheat pests are different from wheat diseases and weeds3 Features that make wheat pest management different4 Rodents (discipline – Mammalogy): introduction5 Rodent case studies: mice and voles6 Rodent management7 Nematodes (discipline – Nematology): introduction8 Nematode case studies9 Detecting and managing nematode pests10 Summary of arthropod case studies11 Where to look for further information12 Acknowledgements13 ReferencesChapter 4 - Nematodes associated with maize: T. L. Niblack, The Ohio State University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Soil and plant nematodes: characteristics, identification and effects on maize3 Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp.4 Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.5 Vermiform nematodes restricted to sandy soils: Belonolaimus , Longidorus, Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus spp.6 Other nematodes7 Conclusions8 Where to look for further information9 ReferencesChapter 5 - Nematode pests of potatoes: Kim Davie and Jon Pickup, Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA), UK; 1 Introduction2 Quarantine regulations3 Nematode management4 Major nematode pests of potatoes5 Conclusion6 Future trends7 Where to look for further information8 References

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Book SynopsisInsect pests remain a major threat to crop production primarily because of their ability to inflict severe damage on crop yields, as well as their role as key vectors of disease. Early identification of pests is critical to the success of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes and essential for the development of phytosanitary/quarantine regimes to prevent the introduction of invasive insect pests to new environments.Advances in monitoring of native and invasive insect pests of crops reviews the wealth of research on techniques to monitor and thus prevent threats from both native and invasive insect pests. The book considers recent advances in areas such as sampling, identifying and modelling pest populations.With its considered approach, the book explores current best practices for the detection, identification and modelling of native and invasive insect pests of crops. The contributors offer farmers informed advice on how to mitigate a growing problem which has been exacerbated as a result of climate change.Table of ContentsPart 1 Detection 1. Advances in techniques for trapping crop insect pests: Archie K. Murchie, Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute, UK; 2. Advances and challenges in monitoring insect pests of major field crops in the United States: Erin W. Hodgson and Ashley N. Dean, Iowa State University, USA; Anders Huseth, North Carolina State University, USA; and William D. Hutchison, University of Minnesota, USA; 3. Quantifying captures from insect pest trap networks: Nicholas C. Manoukis, USDA-ARS, USA; 4. Developments in crop insect pest detection techniques: Richard W. Mankin, USDA-ARS, USA; 5. Monitoring airborne movement of crop insect pests and beneficials: V. Alistair Drake, University of Canberra and University of New South Wales, Australia; Part 2 Identification, modelling and risk assessment 6. Advances in image-based identification and analysis of crop insect pests: Daniel Guyer, Michigan State University, USA; and Charles Whitfield, NIAB, UK; 7. Advances in insect pest monitoring using pest population growth and geospatial data for pest risk assessment: Michael J. Brewer, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, USA; Isaac L. Esquivel, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, USA; and John W.Gordy, Syngenta Crop Protection, USA; 8. Advances in pest risk assessment techniques focusing on invertebrate pests of European outdoor crops: Mark W. Ramsden, Samuel Telling, Daniel J. Leybourne, Natasha Alonso and Sacha White, RSK ADAS Ltd, UK; and Nikos Georgantzis, Burgundy School of Business, France; Part 3 Invasive species 9. Assessing the potential economic impact of invasive plant pests: Monique Mourits and Alfons Oude Lansink, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 10. Developing effective phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of invasive insect pests: Alan MacLeod and Dominic Eyre, DEFRA, UK; 11. Mitigating invasive insect species: eradication, long-term management, and the importance of sampling and monitoring: Amy Morey, University of Minnesota, USA; and Robert Venette, USDA Forest Service, USA;

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Book Synopsis“This very timely book provides a comprehensive exploration of the current status of pollinators in farming and the strategies to promote pollination by insects other than honeybees. The editors, Peter Kevan and Susan Willis Chan, have assembled contributions from a large number of experts in the area of crop pollination, bee ecology and pathology…this book presents a state-of-the-art account of an essential topic and will remain a very useful resource for years to come. The Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science aims to provide researchers with advice for sustainable food production. This volume does more than that: it will be a go-to reference not only for researchers but also for farmers and agronomists, policymakers and NGOs interested in learning about advances in techniques and protocols in promoting a crucial ecosystem service.” (Dr Katja Hogendoorn, The University of Adelaide, Australia)It has been reported that up to 95% of all flowering plants require the services of other organisms to move pollen from male to female flower parts during the pollination process. These organisms, including bees, are collectively known as pollinators. However, in light of the growing evidence of global declines in pollinator species, the management, ecology and conservation of wild and managed pollinators is a subject of growing importance and research activity. Promoting pollination and pollinators in farming reviews the wealth of research on our current understanding of existing pollination processes and their importance to our global ecosystems. The book considers how pollinators interact with plants, as well as the major threats to pollinator species, including climate change, diseases and pesticide exposure. Through its comprehensive exploration of the current status of pollinators in farming, the book provides its readers with the knowledge required to promote pollination by protecting the world’s pollinators species and the ecosystem services they deliver using techniques such as habitat conservation.Trade Review“This very timely book provides a comprehensive exploration of the current status of pollinators in farming and the strategies to promote pollination by insects other than honeybees. The editors, Peter Kevan and Susan Willis Chan, have assembled contributions from a large number of experts in the area of crop pollination, bee ecology and pathology…this book presents a state-of-the-art account of an essential topic and will remain a very useful resource for years to come. The Burleigh Dodds series in agricultural science aims to provide researchers with advice for sustainable food production. This volume does more than that: it will be a go-to reference not only for researchers but also for farmers and agronomists, policymakers and NGOs interested in learning about advances in techniques and protocols in promoting a crucial ecosystem service.” (Dr Katja Hogendoorn, The University of Adelaide, Australia)Table of ContentsPart 1 Understanding pollinators and pollination1.What is pollination and what are pollinators in agriculture?: Seanne Clemente and Lynn Adler, University of Massachusetts, USA; 2.The role and application of olfaction in crop plant–pollinator interactions: Sarah E. J. Arnold, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK and Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Tanzania; Alison S. Scott-Brown, University of Cambridge and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK; and Philip C. Stevenson, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK; 3.The role of wind pollination in crop plants: Stephen Murphy, University of Waterloo, Canada; Part 2 Threats to pollinators4.Assessing climate change impacts on pollinators: Kit Prendergast, Curtin University, Australia; 5.Assessing the impact of disease on pollinators: Patrycja Pluta and Robert J. Paxton, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany; 6.How neonicotinoid insecticides affect bees and other pollinators: D. Susan Willis Chan, University of Guelph, Canada;7.Assessing the impact of pesticides on pollinators: Christian Maus, Bayer AG, Germany; Anne Alix, Corteva Agriscience, UK; and Daniel R. Schmehl, Bayer CropScience LP, USA; 8.Assessing the impact of alien bees on native ones: M. Zakardjian, H. Jourdan, V. Le Féon and B. Geslin, Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France; Part 3 Promoting pollinators and pollination 9.The role of habitat conservation and restoration in protecting pollinators in agricultural landscapes: Stephen Buchmann, University of Arizona, USA; 10.Altering crop management practices to promote pollinators: Jose G. Franco, USDA ARS, USA; and Rachel E. Mallinger, University of Florida, USA; 11.Ecological network approaches for promoting pollinators in agriculture: Darren M. Evans and Fredric M. Windsor, Newcastle University, UK; 12.Best management practices for pollinator protection in US apple production: Julianna K. Wilson, Michigan State University, USA; David Biddinger, Penn State University, USA; David Epstein, Northwest Horticultural Council, USA; Anne Nielsen, Rutgers University, USA; Ngoc Phan, University of Arkansas, USA; Jim Walgenbach, North Carolina State University, USA; and Neelendra K. Joshi, University of Arkansas, USA; 13.Entomovectoring: using pollinators to spread biocontrol agents: Jari Temmermans, Ghent University and Antwerp University, Belgium; Marie Legein and Sarah Leeber, Antwerp University, Belgium; and Guy Smagghe, Ghent University, Belgium;

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Book SynopsisThis specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on improving crop disease management.The first chapter reviews strategies for limiting foliar disease development in wheat and barley crops, such as crop rotations, intercropping, gene deployment and conservation tillage. It explores the effectiveness of each strategy against particular foliar diseases, as well as how these strategies can be deployed to reduce inoculum sources for residue-borne cereal leaf diseases.The second chapter considers the use of integrated disease management (IDM) to prevent or reduce yield loss in wheat. The chapter reviews the tactics/tools used in IDM, such as scouting, disease identification and chemical control, and explores how these tactics can be implemented to maximise the effectiveness of managing diseases in wheat.The third chapter assesses how IDM can be applied to barley production and considers the different disease threats, the tools available and possible approaches to deploying them. It also reviews the role of agronomy and how it can be used to optimise these tools.The final chapter reviews the use of IDM in grain legume production and explores the deployment of traditional strategies, such as field and crop management, as well as advanced monitoring methods, modelling and molecular methods to control disease outbreaks in grain legumes.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - The role of crop rotation, intercropping and tillage practices for foliar disease management of wheat and barley: T. K. Turkington, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; K. Xi, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Canada; and H. R. Kutcher, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; 1 Introduction 2 Increasing temporal diversity: crop rotation 3 Increasing spatial diversity: intercropping 4 Increasing genetic diversity: gene deployment 5 The role of conservation tillage 6 Conclusions and future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 2 - Integrated wheat disease management: Stephen N. Wegulo, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Scouting and disease identification 3 Variety selection 4 Cultural practices 5 Chemical control 6 Biological control 7 Use of disease forecasting systems 8 Integrated disease management 9 Future trends in research 10 Where to look for further information 11 References Chapter 3 - Integrated disease management of barley: Adrian C. Newton, James Hutton Institute and SRUC, UK; and Henry E. Creissen, Neil D. Havis, and Fiona J. Burnett, SRUC, UK; 1 Introduction 2 Barley production context: requirements and constraints 3 Diseases overview 4 Inoculum management: sources and epidemiological conditions 5 Varietal resistance 6 Crop protectants 7 Agronomy 8 IPM knowledge sources and tools 9 Uptake and communication of IPM 10 Farming systems, soil and research platforms 11 Conclusion and future trends 12 Acknowledgements 13 Where to look for further information 14 References Chapter 4 - Diseases affecting grain legumes and their management: Keith Thomas, University of Sunderland, UK; 1 Introduction 2 Grain legume diseases 3 Traditional vs. integrated disease management 4 Components of IDM 5 Practical developments: modelling, sampling and identification 6 Advanced and rapid analysis techniques 7 Conclusion 8 Where to look for further information 9 References

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Book SynopsisThe emergence of fungicide resistance is a major challenge facing agriculture. With increasing regulation and costs limiting the development of new fungicides, farmers remain reliant on a relatively small group of working fungicides, many of which are decreasingly effective as major crop disease pathogens develop resistance to them.Understanding and minimising fungicide resistance provides an authoritative review on the wealth of research on understanding the development of fungicide resistance in agricultural crops and the establishment of preventative measures which can be implemented to limit its spread and the consequent impact of disease on yields. This collection includes ways of understanding and preventing resistance to key groups of fungicides, such as SBI, Qol, SDHI, OSPBI and multisite inhibitor fungicides.Table of Contents Part 1 Understanding and managing resistance 1. How pathogens develop resistance to fungicides: an overview: Richard Oliver, formerly Curtin University, Australia; 2. Understanding fungicide resistance mutation in pathogens: Laetitia Chartrain, John Innes Centre, UK; 3. Tracking the development of fungicide resistance/resistance evolution: Francisco J. Lopez Ruiz, Curtin University, Australia; 4. Modelling fungicide resistance: Frank van den Bosch, University of Salford, UK; 5. Fungicide resistance risk assessment: Mike Grimmer, ADAS, UK; 6. Good practice in minimising the development of fungicide resistance in crop cultivation: Neil Paveley, ADAS, UK; 7. Evolutionary biology of fungicide resistance: fundamental questions and practical implications Nichola Hawkins, NIAB, UK; 8. The role of extension in the management of fungicide resistance: Guido Schnabel, Clemson University, USA; 9.Key challenges in developing new fungicides: Greg Kemmitt, Corteva, UK; Part 2 Case studies: resistance in key groups of fungicides 10.Understanding resistance to SBI fungicides: Andreas Mehl, Bayer, Germany; 11.Understanding resistance to Qol fungicides: Helge Sierotzki, Syngenta, Switzerland; 12.Understanding resistance to SDHI fungicides: George Karaoglanidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; 13.Understanding resistance to AP fungicides: Chang-Lin Xiao, USDA-ARS, USA; 14.Understanding resistance to OSBPI fungicides: Jean-Luc Genet, Corteva, France; 15.The role of multisite inhibitor fungicides in the management of resistance: Jürgen Derpmann, Bayer, Germany;

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Book SynopsisThis collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on fertiliser use in agriculture.The first chapter examines the role of biofertilizers and consortia of microorganisms to improve the effectiveness of organic fertilization, before moving on to consider the use of animal excrement, including manures, slurry and guano.The second chapter assesses the management of mineral fertilisers and organic manures in relation to its effects on soil health in terms of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, soil acidification and soil microbiology.The third chapter discusses the history, current status, and future needs of fertilizer developments in light of the goal of achieving global sustainability. It reviews developments in using efficient fertilizer sources to meet the needs of advancing yields of modern crop cultivars/hybrids.The fourth chapter reviews some of the approaches used by decision support systems to determine fertiliser application decisions. The chapter highlights direct methods and indirect techniques: simulation models, yield forecasts using data-driven approaches and yield forecasts based on water supply.The final chapter explores the implementation of foliar fertilizer sprays in agriculture for improving crop yield and quality, as well as improving plant performance under abiotic and/or biotic stress threats.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Organic fertilizers and biofertilizers: Lidia Sas Paszt and Slawomir Gluszek, Research Institute of Horticulture, Poland; 1 Introduction2 Biofertilizers3 Consortia of microorganisms to improve the effectiveness of organic fertilization4 Animal excrement: manures, slurry and guano5 Products and by-products of animal origin6 Products and by-products of plant origin for fertilizers7 Composts8 Untreated minerals and by-products of selected industrial processes9 Biochar10 Conclusion11 Where to look for further information12 ReferencesChapter 2 - Optimising fertiliser use to maintain soil health: Bijay-Singh, Punjab Agricultural University, India; 1 Introduction2 Effects of fertiliser use on soil organic matter, carbon and nitrogen3 Effects of fertiliser use on soil microorganisms4 Effect of nitrogen fertilisers on soil acidity5 Site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)6 Use of controlled and slow-release fertilisers, urease and nitrification inhibitors7 Improving fertiliser placement8 Integrated use of mineral fertilisers and organic manures for enhancing soil health9 Future trends and conclusions10 Where to look for further information11 ReferencesChapter 3 - Developments in the use of fertilizers: Bryan G. Hopkins, Brigham Young University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Nutrient pollution and resource depletion3 Achieving more sustainable use of fertilizers4 Developments in nitrogen fertilizers5 Developments in phosphorus fertilizers6 Developments in potassium fertilizers7 Developments in sulfur fertilizers8 Developments in calcium, magnesium, and micronutrient fertilizers9 Case study10 Conclusion and future trends11 Where to look for further information12 ReferencesChapter 4 - Decision support systems (DSS) for better fertiliser management: Dhahi Al-Shammari, Patrick Filippi, James P. Moloney, Niranjan S. Wimalathunge, Brett M. Whelan and Thomas F. A. Bishop, The University of Sydney, Australia; 1 Introduction2 Direct methods for determining crop nitrogen requirements for decision support3 Indirect methods for determining crop nitrogen requirements for decision support: simulation models4 Indirect methods for determining crop nitrogen requirements for decision support: yield forecasts using data-driven approaches5 Indirect methods for determining crop nitrogen requirements for decision support: yield forecasts based on water supply6 Decision support in action: case studies7 Case study 1: nitrogen fertiliser applications using a data-driven approach8 Case study 2: nitrogen fertiliser decision-making based on soil moisture predictions9 Comparing the two approaches10 Conclusions and future trends11 ReferencesChapter 5 - Advances in foliar fertilizers to optimize crop nutrition: Victoria Fernández, Technical University of Madrid, Spain; and Héctor A. Bahamonde, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Argentina; 1 Introduction2 Importance of absorption for spray effectiveness: key factors involved3 Application of foliar sprays for sustainable production: applied aspects4 Conclusion and future trends5 Where to look for further information6 References

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Book SynopsisThis specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on improving crop weed management.The first chapter highlights the need for alternative weed control strategies that will preserve herbicide efficacy, as well as agricultural and environmental sustainability. The chapter discusses the role of integrated weed management (IWM) in achieving this through the implementation of practices that can improve plant health, such as crop rotations and no-till farming.The second chapter considers the use of IWM in barley cultivation. After an initial outline of more traditional control methods, primarily the use of herbicides, the chapter provides an example of the successful implementation of IWM in barley in the form of two case studies.The third chapter reviews the impact of weeds on maize grown under temperate conditions in the United States and Europe. It provides a summary of current weed management systems and discusses the issue of herbicide resistance in weed varieties.The fourth chapter reviews the use of IWM in rice cultivation for improved crop productivity and performance and offers detailed discussions on the variety of techniques that can be incorporated into an IWM strategy to achieve this.The final chapter presents a number of weed management options and considerations for sorghum, and discusses the critical period for weed control to occur.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Integrated weed management in wheat cultivation: K. Neil Harker and John O’Donovan, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; and Breanne Tidemann, University of Alberta, Canada; 1 Introduction – current weed control practices in wheat cultivation 2 Weed ecology and vulnerability 3 Integrated weed management (IWM) 4 IWM components 5 Combining optimal IWM components 6 Summary 7 Future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 2 - Integrated weed management in barley cultivation: Michael Widderick, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Integrated Weed Management 3 Weed control tactics 4 IWM in practice 5 Examples of IWM in barley 6 Conclusion 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 3 - Weed management of maize grown under temperate conditions: the case of Europe and the United States: Vasileios P. Vasileiadis and Maurizio Sattin, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, Italy; and Per Kudsk, Aarhus University, Denmark; 1 Introduction 2 Maize cropping systems and weed flora in the United States and Europe 3 Weed management in maize cropping systems in the United States and Europe 4 Decision-support tools and bottlenecks hindering IWM implementation 5 Case study: IWM tools as evaluated in three European maize production regions 6 Summary and future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 4 - Integrated weed management techniques for rice: Simerjeet Kaur and Gulshan Mahajan, Punjab Agricultural University, India; and Bhagirath S. Chauhan, The University of Queensland, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Weeds in rice crops: the problem 3 The need for IWM in rice production 4 IWM: an overview 5 IWM techniques: preparation and control of the growing environment 6 IWM techniques: establishing the rice crop 7 IWM techniques: managing the rice crop 8 The integration of weed management techniques 9 Summary 10 Where to look for further information 11 References Chapter 5 - Weed management in sorghum cultivation: M. Bagavathiannan, Texas A&M University, USA; W. Everman, North Carolina State University, USA; P. Govindasamy, Texas A&M University, USA; A. Dille and M. Jugulam, Kansas State University, USA; and J. Norsworthy, University of Arkansas, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Critical period for weed control in sorghum 3 Chemical options for weed control in sorghum 4 Herbicide-resistant sorghum technology 5 Non-chemical options for weed control in sorghum 6 Weed shifts with production practices 7 Conclusion 8 Where to look for further information 9 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews discussing fungal diseases of apples.The first chapter discusses the main pre- and postharvest pathogens affecting apple production. The chapter also reviews recent advances in biological, chemical and cultural forms of disease management to optimise production, maintain fruit quality and enhance sustainability.The second chapter reviews the epidemiology of apple scab. The chapter explores the role of host resistance, as well as techniques to manage apple scab and minimise crop losses, including fungicide application and the use of biocontrol agents.The third chapter reviews preharvest fungal and bacterial diseases as well as viruses of tree fruit. It looks at advances in technology for pathogen detection as well as methods of integrated disease management, including biological and cultural control.The final chapter reviews the development of apple varieties that are resistant to a number of important diseases, including apple scab, powdery mildew, fire blight, nectria canker and Marssonina apple blotch. The chapter also considers the use of DNA-based selection techniques for developing resistance and the mechanisms on which resistance depends.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Pre- and postharvest fungal apple diseases: Wayne M. Jurick II, USDA-ARS, USA and Kerik D. Cox, Cornell University, USA; 1 Introduction: apple cultivation, production and storage and the impact of fungal apple diseases2 Pre- and postharvest apple diseases3 Chemical, biological and cultural forms of disease management during apple production and storage4 Emerging pathogens affecting apple production in the United States5 Conclusion6 Where to look for further information7 ReferencesChapter 2 - Epidemiology and management of apple scab: Tom Passey and Xiangming Xu, NIAB EMR, UK; 1 Introduction2 Apple scab epidemiology3 Host resistance4 Managing scab5 Future trends6 Where to look for further information7 ReferencesChapter 3 - Advances in pest- and disease-resistant apple varieties: Markus Kellerhals, Agroscope, Switzerland; 1 Introduction: the development of disease-resistant apple varieties2 Resistance to apple scab, powdery mildew and fire blight3 Resistance to Nectria canker, Marssonina apple blotch and other diseases4 Resistance to pests5 Selection techniques and resistance mechanisms6 Current disease-resistant apple varieties7 Summary8 Where to look for further information9 ReferencesChapter 4 - Optimizing disease management in fruit cultivation: Sara M. Villani, North Carolina State University, USA; Kerik D. Cox, Cornell University, USA; and George W. Sundin, Michigan State University, USA; 1 Introduction2 Pre-harvest fungal diseases of tree fruit3 Pre-harvest bacterial diseases of tree fruit4 Viruses and virus-like agents of pome fruit and stone fruit5 Disease management of tree fruit6 Conclusion and future trends7 Where to look for further information8 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed reviews of septoria tritici blotch in cereals.The first chapter reviews the various methods for managing septoria tritici blotch (STB), from the the use of fungicides to marker-assisted breeding for increased resistance to STB. It also surveys research on the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions in STB.The second chapter reviews current research on the main fungal diseases affecting barley, focussing on biotrophic foliar diseases, such as stem rust and powdery mildew, as well as necrotrophic diseases, such as septoria tritici blotch and fusarium head blight. The chapter also discusses the implications for achieving sustainable resistance to the pathogens responsible for these diseases.The third chapter addresses advances in understanding the epidemiology of septoria tritici blotch in the major cereal crops. The chapter also reviews the taxonomy and life cycle of Zymoseptoria tritici - the cause of septoria tritici blotch, as well as the economic impact of the pathogen.The final chapter reviews recent research on genetic resistance loci and breeding strategies based on both conventional and biotechnology-based breeding approaches to achieve durable resistance to septoria tritici blotch infection, whilst simultaneously minimising the risk of grain yield losses.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Diseases affecting wheat: Septoria tritici blotch: S. B. Goodwin, USDA-ARS, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Use of fungicides for controlling STB 3 Breeding for increased resistance to STB 4 Understanding the molecular basis of the host–pathogen interaction 5 Conclusion and future trends 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 2 Fungal diseases affecting barley: Robert S. Brueggeman, Shyam Solanki, Gazala Ameen and Karl Effertz, Washington State University, USA; Roshan Sharma Poudel, North Dakota State University, USA; and Aziz Karakaya, Ankara University, Turkey; 1 Introduction 2 Understanding plant genetic resistance to fungal pathogens 3 Biotrophic foliar diseases: stem rust 4 Leaf rust 5 Stripe rust 6 Powdery mildew 7 Necrotrophic diseases: spot blotch 8 Net blotch 9 Ramularia leaf spot 10 Septoria speckled leaf blotch 11 Scald 12 Fusarium head blight 13 A seed-borne disease: barley stripe 14 Conclusion 15 References Chapter 3 Advances in understanding the epidemiology of Septoria tritici blotch in cereals: Stephen B. Goodwin, USDA-ARS, USA; 1 Introduction 2 What’s in a name: taxonomy of Z. tritici 3 Life cycle of Z. tritici 4 Mode of nutrition 5 Epidemiology 6 Diagnostics 7 Conclusion and future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 4 Advances in breeding techniques for durable Septoria tritici blotch (STB) resistance in cereals: Harsh Raman, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Challenges in achieving durable resistance: qualitative and quantitative resistance 3 Molecular marker technologies for genetic mapping of Septoria tritici blotch resistance genes 4 Ways of increasing durability of resistance: planting of varietal mixtures 5 Ways of increasing durability of resistance: deployment of qualitative resistance genes 6 Ways of increasing durability of resistance: pyramiding of qualitative and quantitative resistance genes 7 Ways to increase durability of resistance: manipulation of plant architecture genes and deployment of multiple resistance loci 8 Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) for Septoria tritici blotch resistance breeding 9 The use of genetic transformation and gene editing techniques 10 Conclusion and future trends 11 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features five peer-reviewed literature reviews on integrated weed management in cereal cultivation.The first chapter examines the problem of weeds in barley and explains the application of integrated weed management (IWM) to barley cultivation. The chapter also outlines weed control tactics and the practical implementation of IWM in barley.The second chapter reviews the availability of cultural strategies which can be used in wheat cultivation as part of an IWM strategy. The chapter considers the implementation of practices that can improve crop health, including diverse crop rotations.The third chapter considers the impact of weeds on maize cultivation and productivity, as well as the emergence of IWM as a sustainable method of controlling weeds. The chapter assesses the efficacy of key IWM techniques, such as crop rotations.The fourth chapter provides a detailed assessment of the biological constraints currently impacting the productivity of rice cultivation, focusing on the issue of weeds. The chapter includes an overview of the IWM approach and its benefits.The final chapter focuses on competitive cereal crops and cultural strategies for weed management, including the use of weed-suppressive cultivars, post-harvest crop residues, and cover crops for management of the weed seedbank and eventual weed suppression.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Integrated weed management in barley cultivation: Michael Widderick, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Integrated Weed Management 3 Weed control tactics 4 IWM in practice 5 Examples of IWM in barley 6 Conclusion 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 2 Integrated weed management in wheat cultivation: K. Neil Harker and John O’Donovan, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; and Breanne Tidemann, University of Alberta, Canada; 1 Introduction – current weed control practices in wheat cultivation 2 Weed ecology and vulnerability 3 Integrated weed management (IWM) 4 IWM components 5 Combining optimal IWM components 6 Summary 7 Future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 3 Integrated weed management in maize cultivation: an overview: Khawar Jabran, Duzce University, Turkey, Mubshar Hussain, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan and Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, The University of Queensland, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Weeds and their impact on maize cultivation 3 The use of herbicides 4 Integrated weed management 5 IWM techniques: land preparation, cultivars, planting, cultivation and allelopathy 6 IWM techniques: Herbicide tolerant cultivars, rotations, allelopathy intercropping and cover crops 7 IWM techniques: mechanical control and fl ame weeding 8 Conclusions and future trends 9 Where to look for further information 10 References Chapter 4 Integrated weed management techniques for rice: Simerjeet Kaur and Gulshan Mahajan, Punjab Agricultural University, India; and Bhagirath S. Chauhan, The University of Queensland, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Weeds in rice crops: the problem 3 The need for IWM in rice production 4 IWM: an overview 5 IWM techniques: preparation and control of the growing environment 6 IWM techniques: establishing the rice crop 7 IWM techniques: managing the rice crop 8 The integration of weed management techniques 9 Summary 10 Where to look for further information 11 References Chapter 5 The use of allelopathy and competitive crop cultivars for weed suppression in cereal crops: James M. Mwendwa, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Jeffrey D. Weidenhamer, Ashland University, USA; and Leslie A. Weston, Charles Sturt University, Australia; 1 Introduction: key issues and challenges 2 Competitive crops and cultural strategies in weed management 3 The effect of allelopathy on weed suppression 4 The effect of soil and environment on plant metabolites (allelochemicals) 5 Use of crop residue mulches and cover crops in weed suppression 6 Case studies: production of benzoxazinoids in cereal crops 7 Case studies: competitive cereal cultivars as a tool in integrated weed management 8 Summary and future trends 9 Where to look for further information 10 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features six peer-reviewed reviews on advances and in detecting and forecasting crop pests and diseases.The first chapter introduces the concept of machine learning to identify and diagnose crop diseases, focussing on the deep learning concept.The second chapter discusses recent advances in crop disease forecasting models, focussing on the application of precision agriculture technologies and Earth observation satellites to identify areas at risk of possible disease outbreaks.The third chapter explores the contribution of remote sensing in improving the ways in which plant health is monitored in response to exposure to biotic stresses, such as disease.The fourth chapter reviews how sensor technologies in combination with informatics and modern application technologies can contribute to more effective pest control.The fifth chapter assesses the role of decision support systems for pest monitoring and management through information technology, such as spectral indices and image-based diagnostics.The final chapter addresses key issues and challenges in pest monitoring and forecasting models, such as the limitation of some traps in attracting insects through the use of sex pheromones.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Using machine learning to identify and diagnose crop diseases: Megan Long, John Innes Centre, UK; 1 Introduction 2 A quick introduction to deep learning 3 Preparation of data for deep learning experiments 4 Crop disease classification 5 Different visualisation techniques 6 Hyperspectral imaging for early disease detection 7 Case study: Identification and classification of diseases on wheat 8 Conclusion and future trends 9 Where to look for more information 10 References Chapter 2 - Advances in crop disease forecasting models: Nathaniel Newlands, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada; 1 Introduction 2 Modeling complex, crop-disease-environment dynamics 3 Big data assimilation to improve forecast quality 4 Novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodologies 5 Case study: operational, crop disease early-warning systems 6 Conclusion and future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 3 - Advances in remote/aerial sensing technologies to assess crop health: Michael Schirmann, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Germany; 1 Introduction 2 Remote sensing of crop health 3 Remote sensing of crop diseases 4 Case study: detecting stripe rust using very high-resolution imaging 5 Conclusion and future trends 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 4 - Precision crop protection systems: E. C. Oerke, University of Bonn, Germany; 1 Introduction 2 Variability of pest incidence and pest management strategies 3 Sensor use for disease management 4 Sensor use for the management of invertebrate pests 5 Perspectives 6 References Chapter 5 - Decision-support systems for pest monitoring and management: B. Sailaja, Ch. Padmavathi, D. Krishnaveni, G. Katti, D. Subrahmanyam, M. S. Prasad, S. Gayatri and S. R. Voleti, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, India; 1 Introduction 2 Pest identification 3 Pest monitoring 4 Pest forecasting 5 Integrated pest management (IPM) 6 Case studies 7 Summary and future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 6 - Advances in insect pest and disease monitoring and forecasting in horticulture: Irene Vänninen, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finland; 1 Introduction 2 Addressing key issues and challenges of pest monitoring and forecasting 3 Case study: whitefly sampling, monitoring and forecasting 4 Conclusion 5 Future trends in research 6 Where to look for further information 7 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on integrated pest management (IPM) in cereal cultivation.The first chapter describes a holistic approach to IPM using knowledge of the natural regulation of herbivore and weed populations and of natural succession in agricultural wetlands. It also highlights the need for an improved understanding of rice ecosystems in a holistic manner to ensure the economic and environmental sustainability of rice production.The second chapter provides a brief overview of IPM and reviews the range of control methods available to growers, including biological, cultural and chemical. The chapter considers the implementation of IPM programmes in wheat production and utilises a case study from New Zealand to demonstrate a successful example of it.The third chapter discusses key insect pests of sorghum, their life cycles and their impact on crop productivity and performance. The chapter reviews the use of IPM programmes as a sustainable alternative to controlling pest infestations without the need for insecticides.The final chapter examines host plant resistance as an ecological approach to managing crop pests and considers the process of evaluating resistance on the basis of insect behavior. The chapter also looks at breeding rice for resistance to insect pests and considers the constraints on the development and deployment of insect-resistant plant technology.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Integrated pest management for sustainable rice cultivation: a holistic approach: F. G. Horgan, University of Technology Sydney, Australia; 1 Introduction 2 Emerging rice production landscapes and ‘crop health syndromes’ 3 Increasing rice production 4 Increasing water productivity 5 Reducing labour costs 6 Increased availability and marketing of agrochemicals 7 Pest management for rice: scientific approaches 8 Knowledge of the rice production system 9 Biocides, traps and barriers 10 Transgenic and herbicide-resistant rice varieties 11 Genetic approaches to resistance and tolerance 12 Enhancing natural regulation 13 Integrating management practices 14 Education and extension 15 Future trends and conclusion 16 Where to look for further information 17 References Chapter 2 - Integrated pest management in wheat cultivation: Abie Horrocks and Melanie Davidson, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, New Zealand; and Paul Horne and Jessica Page, IPM Technologies Pty Limited, Australia; 1 Introduction to integrated pest management 2 Problems with conventional reliance on insecticides 3 Pests in wheat 4 IPM techniques: biological control 5 IPM techniques: cultural control 6 IPM techniques: chemical control 7 Factors infl uencing uptake 8 Case study: New Zealand participatory IPM project in wheat 9 IPM and climate change 10 Where to look for further information 11 References Chapter 3 - Insect pests and their management in sorghum cultivation: Bonnie B. Pendleton, West Texas A&M University, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Cultural management methods to control insect pests 3 Biological management methods to control insect pests 4 Chemical management methods to control insect pests 5 Insect pests of sorghum in the United States 6 Other insect pests of sorghum in other countries 7 Beneficial insects 8 Acknowledgements 9 Where to find further information 10 References Chapter 4 - Advances in breeding crops resistant to insect pests: rice as a paradigm: E. A. Heinrichs and John E. Foster, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Host plant resistance: an ecological approach to managing crop pests 3 Evaluating resistance on the basis of insect response (behavior) 4 Breeding for resistance to insects 5 Breeding rice for resistance to insect pests 6 Constraints on the development and deployment of insect-resistant plant technology 7 Future trends and conclusion 8 Where to look for further information 9 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on weed management in regenerative agriculture.The first chapter provides an analytical review of the adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Sub-Saharan Africa by smallholder farmers, focusing on the challenges posed by weed management. The chapter assesses chemical and non-chemical weed control methods and their benefits in CA systems.The second chapter considers the adoption of integrated weed management (IWM) in organic cropping systems, focussing on the key challenges that can arise as a result of this adoption. It also presents examples of successful integration between preventive, cultural and direct tactics in an IWM strategy.The third chapter highlights an increasing need for IWM strategies in the face of herbicide-resistant weeds, soil degradation and environmental contamination by herbicides. The chapter reviews the cultural techniques available to manage weeds in a sustainable manner.The fourth chapter introduces the concept of using crop rotations and cover crops as an effective and sustainable strategy for controlling weeds and looks ahead to future research in this area.The final chapter utilises four detailed case studies from across Europe to illustrate the effectiveness of combined methods to control weeds and preserve/improve farmers’ income.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Weed management practices and benefits in Conservation Agriculture systems: Gottlieb Basch and Fernando Teixeira, University of Évora, Portugal; and Sjoerd W. Duiker, Penn State University, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Weed control under CA 3 Smallholder farmers’ strategies for weed control in developing countries: sub-Saharan Africa 4 Future trends 5 Conclusion 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 2 - Integrated weed management in organic cropping systems: Paolo Bàrberi, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy; 1 Introduction 2 Key weed management challenges: intra-row weed control 3 Key weed management challenges: problematic weeds and weed management in reduced- and no-till organic systems 4 Integrated weed management and sustainable organic crop production 5 Future trends 6 Where to look for further information 7 References Chapter 3 - Cultural techniques to manage weeds: Matt Liebman, Iowa State University, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Crop population density 3 Crop spatial arrangement 4 Sowing time and transplanting 5 Choice of crop genotype and breeding for competitive and allelopathic abilities 6 Mulching 7 Soil fertility management 8 Irrigation and flooding: depth, timing and placement 9 Effects of combining multiple practices: examples of ‘many little hammers’ at work 10 Future trends in research 11 Summary 12 Where to look for further information 13 References Chapter 4 - The use of rotations and cover crops to manage weeds: John R. Teasdale, ARS-USDA, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Crop rotation in weed management 3 Cover crops in weed management 4 Opportunities for weed establishment within rotations 5 Conclusion 6 Future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 5 - Optimising integrated weed management in narrow-row crops: L. Bonin, ARVALIS-Institut du Végétal, France; R. Leskovšek, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia; C. Moonen, Institute of Life Science, Italy; W. Smith, NIAB, UK; and M. Sønderskov, Aarhus University, Denmark; 1 Introduction 2 Cropping system diversification 3 Cultivar choice and establishment 4 Field and soil management 5 Direct control 6 Case studies 7 Where to look for further information 8 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on rust diseases of cereals.The first chapter provides an overview of the wheat rust pathogen lifecycle that has been critical to the design of effective disease management strategies and discusses recent integration of basic biological knowledge and genomic-led tools within an epidemiological framework.The second chapter introduces stripe rust and provides an overview of its decimation of crop yields worldwide. The chapter summarises recent advances in identifying stripe rust resistance genes in wheat as a means of controlling disease spread and limiting its economic damage.The third chapter addresses the need for more effective and sustainable control of rust pathogens affecting wheat and barley in the face of increasing regulatory measures against the use of conventional fungicides, as well as the spread of fungicide resistance.The fourth chapter provides an overview of the recent advances in controlling wheat rust, focussing on the role of pathogen and host genetics, host-pathogen interactions, epidemiology and management strategies.The final chapter considers the main rust pathogens affecting sorghum and details the different conditions in which they proliferate, their symptoms and impact on crop yields.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Advances in understanding the biology and epidemiology of rust diseases of cereals: Vanessa Bueno-Sancho, Clare M. Lewis and Diane G. O. Saunders, John Innes Centre, UK; 1 Introduction2 The wheat rust pathogen lifecycle3 Epidemiology of the wheat rust pathogens4 Developing integrated disease forecasting for wheat rusts5 Mechanisms of wheat rust control6 Studying wheat rust pathogens in the genomic era7 Case study: field pathogenomics8 Conclusion and future trends9 Where to look for further information10 Acknowledgements11 ReferencesChapter 2 - Advances in identifying stripe rust resistance genes in cereals: Tianheng Ren, Zhi Li, Feiquan Tan, Cheng Jiang and Peigao Luo, Sichuan Agricultural University, China; 1 Introduction2 Stripe rust resistance genes3 Traditional methods for identifying wheat resistance genes4 Molecular marker methods for identifying wheat resistance genes5 Application of sequence-based technology in Yr gene mapping6 Case study: application of stripe resistance genes in southwestern China7 Where to look for further information8 Acknowledgements9 ReferencesChapter 3 - Diseases affecting wheat and barley: rusts: R. F. Park, University of Sydney, Australia; 1 Introduction2 The incidence and impact of wheat rust diseases3 The incidence and impact of barley rust diseases4 Rust resistance genes5 Rust pathogen biology6 Integrated methods of rust control7 Durable resistance8 Future trends in research9 Where to look for further information10 Acknowledgements11 ReferencesChapter 4 - Advances in control of wheat rust: Z. A. Pretorius, University of the Free State, South Africa; M. Ayliffe, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia; R. L. Bowden, ARS-USDA, USA; L. A. Boyd, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, UK; R. M. DePauw, Advancing Wheat Technologies, Canada; Y. Jin, ARS-USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory, USA; R. E. Knox, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; R. A. McIntosh and R. F. Park, University of Sydney, Australia; R. Prins, CenGen and University of the Free State, South Africa; and E. S. Lagudah, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Australia; 1 Introduction2 Historical context and basic concepts3 Surveillance and pathogen variability4 Host genetics5 Interactions between wheat host and rust pathogen6 Strategies and procedures to breed for resistance to rusts7 Resistance gene stewardship8 Future trends and conclusion9 Where to look for further information10 ReferencesChapter 5 - Sorghum diseases and their management in cultivation: seedling, seed, panicle and foliar diseases: C. R. Little and A. Y. Bandara, Kansas State University, USA; and R. Perumal, Agricultural Research Center – Hays, USA; 1 Introduction2 Seed rots and seedling diseases3 Sorghum downy mildew4 Crazy top downy mildew5 Grain mould and weathering6 Head blight7 Ergot8 Head smut9 Covered kernel smut10 Loose kernel smut11 Long smut12 Anthracnose13 Grey leaf spot14 Leaf blight15 Oval leaf spot16 Rust17 Sooty stripe18 Rough leaf spot19 Target leaf spot20 Tar spot21 Zonate leaf spot22 Conclusions and future trends23 Acknowledgements24 Where to look for further information25 References

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Book SynopsisThis collection features three peer-reviewed reviews on managing arthropod pests in cereals.The first chapter discusses key arthropod pests of cereals, including Hessian fly, orange wheat blossom midge, bird cherry oat aphid, greenbug, Russian wheat aphid, sunn pest, wheat stem sawfly and wheat curl mite. The chapter provides a detailed case study for each arthropod pest, exploring the pest’s life cycle, its host plants and status as a wheat pest, best practices for managing populations, as well as our current understanding of plant susceptibility and plant resistance.The second chapter highlights the economic importance of corn/maize to the United States economy, citing that around 37.7 million hectares of land was used to grow the crop in 2021. As a result of its economic contribution, farmers are required to have an informed understanding of important pest species affecting the crop. The chapter considers recent advances in monitoring of native and invasive pests of corn and includes case studies on the European corn borer, corn earworm, western bean cutworm and corn rootworm to demonstrate the effective implementation of insect pest monitoring systems.The final chapter reviews the recent emergence of the Fescue aphid/grass aphid as an invasive pest of small grains outside of its native range of western Europe and the British Isles. The chapter considers the biology and management of the pest, its appearance and identification, its pest status and damage, as well as its potential for host plant resistance.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Wheat pests: insects, mites, and prospects for the future: Marion O. Harris and Kirk Anderson, North Dakota State University, USA; Mustapha El-Bouhssini, ICARDA, Morocco; Frank Peairs, Colorado State University, USA; Gary Hein, University of Nebraska, USA; and Steven Xu, USDA-ARS Northern Crops Institute, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Arthropods (disciplines – Entomology and Acarology): introduction 3 Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor Say) 4 Orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin) 5 Bird cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) 6 Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) 7 Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov) 8 Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton) 9 Wheat stem sawfl y (Cephus cinctus Norton) 10 Wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) 11 Prospects for wheat resistance to pests 12 Conclusions and prospects for new pest management technologies 13 Where to look for further information 14 Acknowledgements 15 References Chapter 2 - Advances and challenges in monitoring crop insect pests: the US experience: Erin W. Hodgson and Ashley N. Dean, Iowa State University, USA; Anders Huseth, North Carolina State University, USA; and William D. Hutchison, University of Minnesota, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Primary crops in the United States 3 Corn (Zea mays L.) 4 Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] 5 Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) 6 Conclusion and future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 3 - Fescue aphid (Metopolophium festucae): Sanford D. Eigenbrode, Subodh Adhikari and Arash Rashed, University of Idaho, USA; 1 Introduction 2 Appearance and identification 3 Native and invaded ranges 4 Reproductive biology and host range 5 Pest status and damage 6 Potential for host plant resistance 7 Management 8 Future trends in research 9 Conclusion 10 Where to look for further information 11 References

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Book SynopsisAs a result of increasing consumer and regulatory concern about the environmental impact of synthetic pesticide use, the biocontrol sector has rapidly expanded and continues to diversify in its product offering, with a suggested estimate of over 1700 different biocontrol products now available on the market.Advances in biocontrol of crop insect pests provides a detailed overview of some of the key developments in this area, including the techniques used to disrupt insect pest behaviour, such as the use of semiochemicals and genetic engineering. The book also reviews recent advances in understanding plant defences against insect pest attacks and how these defences can be improved to limit crop damage and yield.Through its exploration of the recent advances in the biocontrol sector, the book highlights the potential of novel biocontrol agents to reduce agriculture?s environmental impact, whilst also considering the key formulation issues and regulatory challenges that may arise during the product development stage. Provides a detailed overview of the recent advances in the biocontrol sector, focussing on the development of products to control crop insect pests Considers the key issues and challenges that can arise as a result of the development of novel biocontrol agents, such as the challenge of commercialising a new product to a rapidly changing market Addresses how breeding techniques can be optimised to improve plant defences against insect pest attacks

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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