Particle and high-energy physics Books

Book SynopsisChapter 1 A Brief Review on Gauge Forces.- Chapter 2 Gravitation and Cosmology.- Chapter 3 Quantum Gravity.- Chapter 4 Renormalizable Einstein's Gravitation.- Chapter 5 The Renormalizable Einstein's Gravitation.- Chapter 6 Symmetry Mixing.- Chapter 7 The Equations of the Standard Model.- Chapter 8 The Relativistic Poincaré Conjecture.- Chapter 9 The Higgs Roulette.- Chapter 10 Quantum Black Holes at the LHC.

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Book Synopsis1 Historical survey.- 2 Global symmetries.- 3 Gauge theories.- 4 The Standard Model.- 5 The mass of neutrinos.- 6 The mixing of neutrinos.- 7 Natural neutrino sources.- 8 Oscillations at reactors and accelerators.- 9 Neutrino cross sections.- 10 Theoretical and experimental prospects.- References.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- The Standard Model.- Known knowns.- Known unknowns.- Neutrino Masses.- Flavor structure.- Strong CP puzzle.- The quest for heavy neutral leptons.- Motivations to go beyond simplified scenarios.- Collider searches of HNL.- Current Status.- Beyond the single mixing assumption.- A specific example: dimuon channel.- Beyond the single HNL assumption.- Summary.- Confronting open issues in Flavor Physics.- B?K(*)?? Decays in the SM.- Effective theory description.

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Book Synopsis1 Motivation and Theoretical Overview.- 2 The Compact Muon Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.- 3 Top Quark Physics at the Large Hadron Collider.- 4 Monte Carlo Event Simulation.- 5 Datasets, Event Selection, and tt Kinematic Reconstruction.- 6 Measurements of Differential Cross-Sections.- 7 Results.- 8 Summary and Outlook.1 Motivation and Theoretical Overview.- 2 The Compact Muon Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.- 3 Top Quark Physics at the Large Hadron Collider.- 4 Monte Carlo Event Simulation.- 5 Datasets, Event Selection, and tt Kinematic Reconstruction.- 6 Measurements of Differential Cross-Sections.- 7 Results.- 8 Summary and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction: what are Feynman Integrals?.- Algebraic Preliminaries.- Graph Theory 101.- Graph Theory 102.- Feynman Integrals in Schwinger-Feynman-Lee-Pomeransky Representations.- Advanced Topics.- Appendices.- Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- The Standard Model.- Experimental setup.- Data analysis technologies.- Physics object definitions.- Flavour tagging.- Charm tagger calibration.- Analysis strategy.- The VHcc, VZcc, and VWcq analyses.- Signal extraction.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Construction of a Double Cover of the Restricted Lorentz Group.- Weyl Spinors.- Weyl Representation of SL(2, C).- An Extension to a Strongly Continuous Representation of a Semi-direct Product of R^4 and SL(2, C).- Dirac Spinors.- Dirac Fields.- Dirac Equation.- Spin 1 Representations of  SL(2, C).- Maxwell Fields.- Maxwell's Equations.- Appendix.- Bibliography.- Index of Symbols.- Index.

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Book Synopsis1 L'esperimento scientifico.- 2 Il cielo sopra di noi (perché studiare il cielo – l'interesse dell'uomo nel corso della storia, dalla preistoria).- 3 Il Sole (struttura del Sole e ipotesi sulla produzione di energia al suo interno).- 4 Le stelle (un highlight sulle Galassie, stelle di varie dimensioni e la loro evoluzione).- 5 Perché un esperimento sui neutrini solari? (cos'è il neutrino e quali sono le sue proprietà?.- 6 La genesi dell'esperimento (come si è sviluppata l'idea per questo esperimento e qual è stato il contesto in quel momento).- 7 La nascita dell'esperimento Borexino (come la decisione di intraprendere un'impresa quasi impossibile l'esperimento è stato raggiunto e come è stato sviluppato il progetto).- 8 La Radio purezza.- 9. Risultati mai raggiunti da nessun altro esperimento (i 5 anni di ricerca e sviluppo hanno portato al raggiungimento della radiopurezza necessaria: l’esperimento Borexino è ancora unico al mondo e probabilmente rimarrà tale per molti anni a venire).- 10 Inizia la missione impossibile (inizia la preparazione dell'esperimento, ma viene considerato da la comunità dei fisici come assolutamente impossibile).- 11 Inizia la costruzione del rilevatore (costruzione molto complicata - illustrazione del layout del rilevatore - episodi).- 2 Due anni bui (La preparazione dell'esperimento fu interrotta per 2,5 anni dal Teramo tribunale - difficoltà di collaborazione - passione e determinazione salvano questa impresa).- 13 La prima parte della missione è completata (la costruzione del rilevatore è completata, rapporti sociologici con gli abitanti e con il personale del laboratorio).- 14 Si osservano i neutrini (finalmente dopo 15 anni di lavoro si iniziano ad osservare le prime  interazioni dei neutrini nel rivelatore e questo consente di iniziare a raccogliere i dati sui neutrini, che vengono poi analizzati portando a importanti scoperte).- 15 La scoperta delle reazioni nucleari che fanno brillare il Sole.- 16. La stabilità del Sole.- 17. E le stelle?.- 18. La metallicita' del Sole.- 19 Geoneutrini (Borexino ha potuto osservare e misurare i neutrini provenienti dall'interno della Terra, nonostante le loro basse statistiche. Da questo studio è possibile comprendere il contenuto radioattivo del mantello terrestre e misurare la quantità di calore terrestre di origine radiogenica).- 20. L'eredità di Borexino.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction motivation and high level explanation of how gauge theories necessitate the understanding of new symmetry principles.- Ordinary global symmetries phases of matter and the landau paradigm explanation of the landau paradigm of the phases of matter and the reformulation of conventional global symmetries in the language of topological operators.- Higher form symmetries explanation of higher form symmetries in the language of topological operators.- Applications examples including electrodynamics non abelian gauge theory in the continuum and the lattice and goldstones theorem.- Non invertible symmetries the axial anomaly explanation of anomalies discussion of axial anomaly in terms of non-invertible symmetry.- More applied applications applications of higher form symmetries to problems in hydrodynamics.

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Book SynopsisBeginning with an overview of the theory of black holes by the editor, this book presents a collection of ten chapters by leading physicists dealing with the variety of quantum mechanical and quantum gravitational effects pertinent to black holes. The contributions address topics such as Hawking radiation, the thermodynamics of black holes, the information paradox and firewalls, Monsters, primordial black holes, self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates, the formation of small black holes in high energetic collisions of particles, minimal length effects in black holes and small black holes at the Large Hadron Collider. Viewed as a whole the collection provides stimulating reading for researchers and graduate students seeking a summary of the quantum features of black holes.Table of ContentsFundamental Physics with Black Holes (Xavier Calmet).- Black holes and thermodynamics - The first half century (Daniel Grumiller, Robert McNees and Jakob Salzer).- The Firewall Phenomenon (R. B. Mann).- Monsters, Black holes and Entropy (Stephen D. H. Hsu).- Primordial Black Holes: sirens of the early Universe (Anne M. Green).- Self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates (Pierre-Henri Chavanis).- Quantum Amplitudes in Black-Hole Evaporation with Local Supersymmetry (P.D.D'Eath and A.N.St.J.Farley).- Hawking radiation from higher-dimensional black holes (Panagiota Kanti and Elizabeth Winstanley).- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider (Greg Landsberg).- Minimum length effects in black hole physics (Roberto Casadio, Octavian Micu, Piero Nicolini).

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Book SynopsisThis book, now in its second edition, provides an introductory course on theoretical particle physics with the aim of filling the gap that exists between basic courses of classical and quantum mechanics and advanced courses of (relativistic) quantum mechanics and field theory. After a concise but comprehensive introduction to special relativity, key aspects of relativistic dynamics are covered and some elementary concepts of general relativity introduced. Basics of the theory of groups and Lie algebras are explained, with discussion of the group of rotations and the Lorentz and Poincaré groups. In addition, a concise account of representation theory and of tensor calculus is provided. Quantization of the electromagnetic field in the radiation range is fully discussed. The essentials of the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms are reviewed, proceeding from systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom and extending the discussion to fields. The final four chapters are devoted to development of the quantum field theory, ultimately introducing the graphical description of interaction processes by means of Feynman diagrams. The book will be of value for students seeking to understand the main concepts that form the basis of contemporary theoretical particle physics and also for engineers and lecturers. An Appendix on some special relativity effects is added.Trade Review“This book originates from a course on advanced quantum mechanics given by the author at the Politechnico Turin for students of physical engineering to provide them with some insight into modern fundamental physics. … This book not merely gives some insight into modern fundamental physics but also renders a good fundament for further studies of quantum field theory and elementary article physics in that correct suggestions are mediated.” (K.-E. Hellwig, zbMATH 1371.81001, 2017)Table of ContentsSpecial Relativity.- Relativistic Dynamics.- The Equivalence Principle.- The Poincaré Group.- Maxwell Equations and Special Relativity.- Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field.- Group Representations and Lie Algebras.- Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalism.- Quantum Mechanics Formalism.- Relativistic Wave Equations.- Quantization of Boson and Fermion Fields.- Fields in Interaction.

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Book SynopsisAtomic physics and its underlying quantum theory are the point of departure for many modern areas of physics, astrophysics, chemistry, biology, and even electrical engineering. This textbook provides a careful and eminently readable introduction to the results and methods of empirical atomic physics. The student will acquire the tools of quantum physics and at the same time learn about the interplay between experiment and theory. A chapter on the quantum theory of the chemical bond provides the reader with an introduction to molecular physics. Plenty of problems are given to elucidate the material. The authors also discuss laser physics and nonlinear spectroscopy, incorporating latest experimental results and showing their relevance to basic research. Extra items in the second edition include solutions to the exercises, derivations of the relativistic Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, a detailed theoretical derivation of the Lamb shift, a discussion of new developments in the spectroscopy of inner shells, and new applications of NMR spectroscopy, for instance tomography.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1 Classical Physics and Quantum Mechanics.- 1.2 Short Historical Review.- 2. The Mass and Size of the Atom.- 2.1 What is an Atom?.- 2.2 Determination of the Mass.- 2.3 Methods for Determining Avogadro’s Number.- 2.3.1 Electrolysis.- 2.3.2 The Gas Constant and Boltzmann’s Constant.- 2.3.3 X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals.- 2.3.4 Determination Using Radioactive Decay.- 2.4 Determination of the Size of the Atom.- 2.4.1 Application of the Kinetic Theory of Gases.- 2.4.2 The Interaction Cross Section.- 2.4.3 Experimental Determination of Interaction Cross Sections.- 2.4.4 Determining the Atomic Size from the Covolume.- 2.4.5 Atomic Sizes from X-Ray Diffraction Measurements on Crystals.- 2.4.6 Can Individual Atoms Be Seen?.- Problems.- 3. Isotopes.- 3.1 The Periodic System of the Elements.- 3.2 Mass Spectroscopy.- 3.2.1 Parabola Method.- 3.2.2 Improved Mass Spectrometers.- 3.2.3 Results of Mass Spectrometry.- 3.2.4 Modern Applications of the Mass Spectrometer.- 3.2.5 Isotope Separation.- Problems.- 4. The Nucleus of the Atom.- 4.1 Passage of Electrons Through Matter.- 4.2 Passage of Alpha Particles Through Matter (Rutherford Scattering).- 4.2.1 Some Properties of Alpha Particles.- 4.2.2 Scattering of Alpha Particles by a Foil.- 4.2.3 Derivation of the Rutherford Scattering Formula.- 4.2.4 Experimental Results.- 4.2.5 What is Meant by Nuclear Radius?.- Problems.- 5. The Photon.- 5.1 Wave Character of Light.- 5.2 Thermal Radiation.- 5.2.1 Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation.- 5.2.2 Planck’s Radiation Formula.- 5.2.3 Einstein’s Derivation of Planck’s Formula.- 5.3 The Photoelectric Effect.- 5.4 The Compton Effect.- 5.4.1 Experiments.- 5.4.2 Derivation of the Compton Shift.- Problems.- 6. The Electron.- 6.1 Production of Free Electrons.- 6.2 Size of the Electron.- 6.3 The Charge of the Electron.- 6.4 The Specific Charge e/m of the Electron.- 6.5 Wave Character of Electrons.- Problems.- 7. Some Basic Properties of Matter Waves.- 7.1 Wave Packets.- 7.2 Probabilistic Interpretation.- 7.3 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation.- 7.4 The Energy-Time Uncertainty Relation.- 7.5 Some Consequences of the Uncertainty Relations for Bound States.- Problems.- 8. Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.1 Basic Principles of Spectroscopy.- 8.2 The Optical Spectrum of the Hydrogen Atom.- 8.3 Bohr’s Postulates.- 8.4 Some Quantitative Conclusions.- 8.5 Motion of the Nucleus.- 8.6 Spectra of Hydrogen-like Atoms.- 8.7 Muonic Atoms.- 8.8 Excitation of Quantum Jumps by Collisions.- 8.9 Sommerfeld’s Extension of the Bohr Model and the Experimental Justification of a Second Quantum Number.- 8.10 Lifting of Orbital Degeneracy by the Relativistic Mass Change.- 8.11 Limits of the Bohr-Sommerfeld Theory. The Correspondence Principle.- 8.12 Rydberg Atoms.- Problems.- 9. The Mathematical Framework of Quantum Theory.- 9.1 The Particle in a Box.- 9.2 The Schrödinger Equation.- 9.3 The Conceptual Basis of Quantum Theory.- 9.3.1 Observations, Values of Measurements and Operators.- 9.3.2 Momentum Measurement and Momentum Probability.- 9.3.3 Average Values and Expectation Values.- 9.3.4 Operators and Expectation Values.- 9.3.5 Equations for Determining the Wavefunction.- 9.3.6 Simultaneous Observability and Commutation Relations.- 9.4 The Quantum Mechanical Oscillator.- Problems.- 10. Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom.- 10.1 Motion in a Central Field.- 10.2 Angular Momentum Eigenfunctions.- 10.3 The Radial Wavefunctions in a Central Field.- 10.4 The Radial Wavefunctions of Hydrogen.- Problems.- 11. Lifting of the Orbital Degeneracy in the Spectra of Alkali Atoms.- 11.1 Shell Structure.- 11.2 Screening.- 11.3 The Term Diagram.- 11.4 Inner Shells.- Problems.- 12. Orbital and Spin Magnetism. Fine Structure.- 12.1 Introduction and Overview.- 12.2 Magnetic Moment of the Orbital Motion.- 12.3 Precession and Orientation in a Magnetic Field.- 12.4 Spin and Magnetic Moment of the Electron.- 12.5 Determination of the Gyromagnetic Ratio by the Einstein-de Haas Method.- 12.6 Detection of Directional Quantisation by Stern and Gerlach.- 12.7 Fine Structure and Spin-Orbit Coupling: Overview.- 12.8 Calculation of Spin-Orbit Splitting in the Bohr Model.- 12.9 Level Scheme of the Alkali Atoms.- 12.10 Fine Structure in the Hydrogen Atom.- 12.11 The Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 13. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Experiments and Their Semiclassical Description.- 13.1 Directional Quantisation in a Magnetic Field.- 13.2 Electron Spin Resonance.- 13.3 The Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.1 Experiments.- 13.3.2 Explanation of the Zeeman Effect from the Standpoint of Classical Electron Theory.- 13.3.3 Description of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect by the Vector Model.- 13.3.4 The Anomalous Zeeman Effect.- 13.3.5 Magnetic Moments with Spin-Orbit Coupling.- 13.4 The Paschen-Back Effect.- 13.5 Double Resonance and Optical Pumping.- Problems.- 14. Atoms in a Magnetic Field: Quantum Mechanical Treatment.- 14.1 Quantum Theory of the Ordinary Zeeman Effect.- 14.2 Quantum Theoretical Treatment of the Electron and Proton Spins.- 14.2.1 Spin as Angular Momentum.- 14.2.2 Spin Operators, Spin Matrices and Spin Wavefunctions.- 14.2.3 The Schrödinger Equation of a Spin in a Magnetic Field.- 14.2.4 Description of Spin Precession by Expectation Values.- 14.3 Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Anomalous Zeeman Effect with Spin-Orbit Coupling*.- 14.4 Quantum Theory of a Spin in Mutually Perpendicular Magnetic Fields, One Constant and One Time Dependent.- 14.5 The Bloch Equations.- 14.6 The Relativistic Theory of the Electron. The Dirac Equation.- Problems.- 15. Atoms in an Electric Field.- 15.1 Observations of the Stark Effect.- 15.2 Quantum Theory of the Linear and Quadratic Stark Effects.- 15.2.1 The Hamiltonian.- 15.2.2 The Quadratic Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory Without Degeneracy.- 15.2.3 The Linear Stark Effect. Perturbation Theory in the Presence of Degeneracy.- 15.3 The Interaction of a Two-Level Atom with a Coherent Radiation Field.- 15.4 Spin- and Photon Echoes.- 15.5 A Glance at Quantum Electrodynamics.- 15.5.1 Field Quantization.- 15.5.2 Mass Renormalization and Lamb Shift.- Problems.- 16. General Laws of Optical Transitions.- 16.1 Symmetries and Selection Rules.- 16.1.1 Optical Matrix Elements.- 16.1.2 Examples of the Symmetry Behaviour of Wavefunctions.- 16.1.3 Selection Rules.- 16.1.4 Selection Rules and Multipole Radiation.- 16.2 Linewidths and Lineshapes.- 17. Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.1 The Spectrum of the Helium Atom.- 17.2 Electron Repulsion and the Pauli Principle.- 17.3 Angular Momentum Coupling.- 17.3.1 Coupling Mechanism.- 17.3.2 LS Coupling (Russell-Saunders Coupling).- 17.3.3 jj Coupling.- 17.4 Magnetic Moments of Many-Electron Atoms.- 17.5 Multiple Excitations.- Problems.- 18. X-Ray Spectra, Internal Shells.- 18.1 Introductory Remarks.- 18.2 X-Radiation from Outer Shells.- 18.3 X-Ray Bremsstrahlung Spectra.- 18.4 Emission Line Spectra: Characteristic Radiation.- 18.5 Fine Structure of the X-Ray Spectra.- 18.6 Absorption Spectra.- 18.7 The Auger Effect (Inner Photoeffect).- 18.8 Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), ESCA.- Problems.- 19. Structure of the Periodic System. Ground States of the Elements.- 19.1 Periodic System and Shell Structure.- 19.2 Ground States of Atoms.- 19.3 Excited States and Complete Term Scheme.- 19.4 The Many-Electron Problem. Hartree-Fock Method.- 19.4.1 The Two-Electron Problem.- 19.4.2 Many Electrons Without Mutual Interactions.- 19.4.3 Coulomb Interaction of Electrons. Hartree and Hartree-Fock Methods.- Problems.- 20. Nuclear Spin, Hyperfine Structure.- 20.1 Influence of the Atomic Nucleus on Atomic Spectra.- 20.2 Spins and Magnetic Moments of Atomic Nuclei.- 20.3 The Hyperfine Interaction.- 20.4 Hyperfine Structure in the Ground States of the Hydrogen and Sodium Atoms.- 20.5 Hyperfine Structure in an External Magnetic Field, Electron Spin Resonance.- 20.6 Direct Measurements of Nuclear Spins and Magnetic Moments, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.7 Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- 20.8 The Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment.- Problems.- 21. The Laser.- 21.1 Some Basic Concepts for the Laser.- 21.2 Rate Equations and Lasing Conditions.- 21.3 Amplitude and Phase of Laser Light.- Problems.- 22. Modern Methods of Optical Spectroscopy.- 22.1 Classical Methods.- 22.2 Quantum Beats.- 22.3 Doppler-free Saturation Spectroscopy.- 22.4 Doppler-free Two-Photon Absorption.- 22.5 Level-Crossing Spectroscopy and the Hanle Effect.- 23. Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding.- 23.1 Introductory Remarks.- 23.2 The Hydrogen-Molecule Ion H2+.- 23.3 The Tunnel Effect.- 23.4 The Hydrogen Molecule H2.- 23.5 Covalent-Ionic Resonance.- 23.6 The Hund-Mulliken-Bloch Theory of Bonding in Hydrogen.- 23.7 Hybridisation.- 23.8 The ? Electrons of Benzene, C6H6.- Problems.- A. The Dirac Delta Function and the Normalisation of the Wavefunction of a Free Particle in Unbounded Space.- B. Some Properties of the Hamiltonian Operator, Its Eigenfunctions and Its Eigenvalues.- Bibliography of Supplementary and Specialised Literature.- Fundamental Constants of Atomic Physics (Inside Front Cover).- Energy Conversion Table (Inside Back Cover).

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Book SynopsisLet us first state exactly what this book is and what it is not. It is a compendium of equations for the physicist and the engineer working with electrostatics, magne­ tostatics, electric currents, electromagnetic fields, heat flow, gravitation, diffusion, optics, or acoustics. It tabulates the properties of 40 coordinate systems, states the Laplace and Helmholtz equations in each coordinate system, and gives the separation equations and their solutions. But it is not a textbook and it does not cover relativistic and quantum phenomena. The history of classical physics may be regarded as an interplay between two ideas, the concept of action-at-a-distance and the concept of a field. Newton's equation of universal gravitation, for instance, implies action-at-a-distance. The same form of equation was employed by COULOMB to express the force between charged particles. AMPERE and GAUSS extended this idea to the phenomenological action between currents. In 1867, LUDVIG LORENZ formulated electrodynamics as retarded action-at-a-distance. At almost the same time, MAXWELL presented the alternative formulation in terms of fields. In most cases, the field approach has shown itself to be the more powerful.Table of ContentsI. Eleven coordinate systems.- II. Transformations in the complex plane.- III. Cylindrical systems.- IV. Rotational systems.- V. The vector Helmholtz equation.- VI. Differential equations.- VII. Functions.- Appendix. Symbols.- Author Index.

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Book SynopsisMotivates students by challenging them with real-life applications of the somtimes esoteric aspects of quantum mechanics that they are learning. Offers completely original excerices developed at teh Ecole Polytechnique in France, which is know for its innovative and original teaching methods. Problems from modern physics to help the student apply just-learnt theory to fields such as molecular physics, condensed matter physics or laser physics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "This problem based textbook is a concise and particularly useful reference of quantum mechanics as used in a large range of modern applications in physics. … At the end of each section worked solutions, references and general comments are given … . this book of problems would be very useful for any physics departmental, or indeed individual research group, library. Highly recommended." (Lloyd C L Hollenberg, Australian Physics, Vol. 32 (6), 2007)Table of ContentsElementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms.- Neutrino Oscillations.- Summary of Quantum Mechanics.- Quantum Entanglement and Measurement.- The EPR Problem and Bell’s Inequality.- Complex Systems.- Exact Results for the Three-Body Problem.- Atomic Clocks.- Neutron Interferometry.- Spectroscopic Measurement on a Neutron Beam.- Analysis of a Stern-Gerlach Experiment.- Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment Anomaly.- Decay of a Tritium Atom.- The Spectrum of Positronium.- The Hydrogen Atom in Crossed Fields.- Energy Loss of Ions in Matter.- Schrödinger’s Cat.- Quantum Cryptography.- Direct Observation of Field Quantization.- Ideal Quantum Measurement.- The Quantum Eraser.- A Quantum Thermometer.- Properties of a Bose-Einstein Condensate.- Magnetic Excitons.- A Quantum Box.- Colored Molecular Ions.- Hyperfine Structure in Electron Spin Resonance.- Probing Matter with Positive Muons.- Quantum Reflection of Atoms from a Surface.- Laser Cooling and Trapping.- Bloch Oscillations.

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Book SynopsisThe goal of the book is to summarize those methods for evaluating Feynman integrals that have been developed over a span of more than fifty years. The book characterizes the most powerful methods and illustrates them with numerous examples starting from very simple ones and progressing to nontrivial examples. The book demonstrates how to choose adequate methods and combine evaluation methods in a non-trivial way. The most powerful methods are characterized and then illustrated through numerous examples. This is an updated textbook version of the previous book (Evaluating Feynman integrals, STMP 211) of the author.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The book is based on the courses of lectures given by the author in the two winter semesters of 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 at the University of Hamburg as a DFG Mercator professor in Hamburg as well as on the course given in 2003-2004 at the University of Karlsruhe. It will be useful for postgraduate students and theoretical physicists specializing in quantum field theory." (Michael B. Mensky, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1111 (8), 2007)Table of ContentsFeynman Integrals: Basic Definitions and Tools.- Evaluating by Alpha and Feynman Parameters.- Evaluating by MB Representation.- IBP and Reduction to Master Integrals.- Reduction to Master Integrals by Baikov’s Method.- Evaluation by Differential Equations.- Tables.- Some Special Functions.- Summation Formulae.- Table of MB Integrals.- Analysis of Convergence and Sector Decompositions.- A Brief Review of Some Other Methods.- Applying Gröbner Bases to Solve IBP Relations.- Solutions.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a new edition of Volumes 3 and 4 of Walter Thirring’s famous textbook on mathematical physics. The first part is devoted to quantum mechanics and especially to its applications to scattering theory, atoms and molecules. The second part deals with quantum statistical mechanics examining fundamental concepts like entropy, ergodicity and thermodynamic functions.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "Just as the general theory of relativity leads to many new mathematical advances and applications, the same is true of quantum mechanics. It is these mathematical advances that are the topic of this extensive volume, a volume which also delineates how these advances made possible the difficult transition from understanding hydrogen to understanding complex atoms, molecules, and ‘large systems’. As such this volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent text book for an advanced course in either quantum physics or applied mathematics." (Physicalia, 25/3, 2003) "This work is written uncompromisingly for the mathematical physicist … . Thirring writes concisely but with a clarity that makes the book easy to read. … There are extensive bibliographies, with references mostly to articles in journals … . There are copious problems and–even better-all the solutions. … the volume would make a valuable addition to the library of … a mathematical physicist." (Prof. A.I. Solomon, Contemporary Physics, Vol. 46 (4), 2005) "This volume will serve as an excellent source book for the mathematical basis of the many recent advances in quantum mechanics. It will also serve as an excellent textbook … . Each chapter is chock full of mathematical derivations and proofs but perhaps the most interesting part of each proof is the following section entitled ‘Remarks’ sections which are full of interesting details, ideas, drawbacks, comments, and references. … As is usually the case with Springer-Verlag, this book has been beautifully produced … ." (Fernande Grandjean and Gary J. Long, Physicalia, Vol. 25 (3), 2003)Table of ContentsI Quantum Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Mathematical Formulation of Quantum Mechanics.- 3 Quantum Dynamics.- 4 Atomic Systems.- II Quantum Mechanics of Large Systems.- 1 Systems with Many Particles.- 2 Thermostatics.- 3 Thermodynamics.- 4 Physical Systems.- Bibliography to Part I.- Bibliography to Part II.

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Book SynopsisThis is the first of a two-volume presentation on current research problems in quantum optics, and will serve as a standard reference in the field for many years to come. The book provides an introduction to the methods of quantum statistical mechanics used in quantum optics and their application to the quantum theories of the single-mode laser and optical bistability. The generalized representations of Drummond and Gardiner are discussed together with the more standard methods for deriving Fokker-Planck equations.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews"To sum up: Statistical Methods in Quantum Optics 1 is an excellent book. Try it, you'll like it!" (M.O. Scully, Physics Today, 2000)"The book is carefully written, in considerable detail, paying attention to both foundations and applications. It contains exercices completing or generalizing the material presented, and ample references to the literature. It is, therefore, very useful as the basis for a course." (V.R. Vieira, Mathematical Reviews, 2000f) PHYSICS TODAY"…a valuable addition to the literature…an excellent book. Try it, you’ll like it!” "It is a pleasure to recommend this title thoroughly for both individual and institutional purchase." (D. L. Andrews (University of Anglia), Contemporary Physics 2002, vol. 43, page 232-233)Table of Contents1. Dissipation in Quantum Mechanics: The Master Equation Approach.- 2. Two-Level Atoms and Spontaneous Emission.- 3. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field I: The Glauber—Sudarshan P Representation.- 4. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for the Electromagnetic Field II: P, Q, and Wigner Representations.- 5. Fokker—Planck Equations and Stochastic Differential Equations.- 6. Quantum—Classical Correspondence for Two-Level Atoms.- 7. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser I: Preliminaries.- 8. The Single-Mode Homogeneously Broadened Laser II: Phase-Space Analysis.- References.

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Book SynopsisThe new edition provided the opportunity of adding a new chapter entitled "Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics". It was a tempting challenge to try to sharpen the points at issue in the long lasting debate on the Copenhagen Spirit, to assess the significance of various arguments from our present vantage point, seventy years after the advent of quantum theory, where, after ali, some problems appear in a different light. It includes a section on the assumptions leading to the specific mathematical formalism of quantum theory and a section entitled "The evolutionary picture" describing my personal conclusions. Alto­ gether the discussion suggests that the conventional language is too narrow and that neither the mathematical nor the conceptual structure are built for eter­ nity. Future theories will demand radical changes though not in the direction of a return to determinism. Essential lessons taught by Bohr will persist. This chapter is essentially self-contained. Some new material has been added in the last chapter. It concerns the char­ acterization of specific theories within the general frame and recent progress in quantum field theory on curved space-time manifolds. A few pages on renor­ malization have been added in Chapter II and some effort has been invested in the search for mistakes and unclear passages in the first edition. The central objective of the book, expressed in the title "Local Quantum Physics", is the synthesis between special relativity and quantum theory to­ gether with a few other principles of general nature.Trade Review"Indeed, both the expert in the field and the novice will enjoy Haags insightful exposition... This (superb) book is bound to occupy a place on a par with other classics in the mathematical physics literature." Physics Today "...enjoyable reading to anybody interested in the development of fundamental physical theories." Zentralblatt f. MathematikTable of ContentsI. Background.- 1. Quantum Mechanics.- Basic concepts, mathematical structure, physical interpretation..- 2. The Principle of Locality in Classical Physics and the Relativity Theories.- Faraday’s vision. Fields..- 2.1 Special relativity. Poincaré group. Lorentz group. Spinors. Conformal group..- 2.2 Maxwell theory..- 2.3 General relativity..- 3. Poincaré Invariant Quantum Theory.- 3.1 Geometric symmetries in quantum physics. Projective representations and the covering group..- 3.2 Wigner’s analysis of irreducible, unitary representations of the Poincare group. 3.3 Single particle states. Spin..- 3.4 Many particle states: Bose-Fermi alternative, Fock space, creation operators. Separation of CM-motion..- 4. Action Principle.- Lagrangean. Double rôle of physical quantities. Peierls’ direct definition of Poisson brackets. Relation between local conservation laws and symmetries..- 5. Basic Quantum Field Theory.- 5.1 Canonical quantization..- 5.2 Fields and particles..- 5.3 Free fields..- 5.4 The Maxwell-Dirac system. Gauge invariance..- 5.5 Processes..- II. General Quantum Field Theory.- 1. Mathematical Considerations and General Postulates.- 1.1 The representation problem..- 1.2 Wightman axioms..- 2. Hierarchies of Functions.- 2.1 Wightman functions, reconstruction theorem, analyticity in x-space..- 2.2 Truncated functions, clustering. Generating functionals and linked cluster theorem..- 2.3 Time ordered functions..- 2.4 Covariant perturbation theory, Feynman diagrams. Renormalization..- 2.5 Vertex functions and structure analysis..- 2.6 Retarded functions and analyticity in p-space..- 2.7 Schwinger functions and Osterwalder-Schrader theorem..- 3. Physical Interpretation in Terms of Particles.- 3.1 The particle picture: Asymptotic particle configurations and collision theory..- 3.2 Asymptotic fields. S-matrix..- 3.3 LSZ-formalism..- 4. General Collision Theory.- 4.1 Polynomial algebras of fields. Almost local operators..- 4.2 Construction of asymptotic particle states..- 4.3. Coincidence arrangements of detectors..- 4.4 Generalized LSZ-formalism..- 5. Some Consequences of the Postulates.- 5.1 CPT-operator. Spin-statistics theorem. CPT-theorem..- 5.2 Analyticity of the S-matrix..- 5.3 Reeh-Schlieder theorem..- 5.4 Additivity of the energy-momentum-spectrum..- 5.5 Borchers classes..- III. Algebras of Local Observables and Fields.- 1. Review of the Perspective.- Characterization of the theory by a net of local algebras. Bounded operators. Unobservable fields, superselection rules and the net of abstract algebras of observables. Transcription of the basic postulates..- 2. Von Neumann Algebras. C*-Algebras. W*-Algebras.- 2.1 Algebras of bounded operators. Concrete C*-algebras and von Neumann algebras. Isomorphisms. Reduction. Factors. Classification of factors..- 2.2 Abstract algebras and their representations. Abstract C*-algebras. Relation between the C*-norm and the spectrum. Positive linear forms and states. The GNS-construction. Folia of states. Intertwiners. Primary states and cluster property. Purification. W*-algebras..- 3. The Net of Algebras of Local Observables.- 3.1 Smoothness and integration. Local definiteness and local normality..- 3.2 Symmetries and symmetry breaking. Vacuum states. The spectral ideals..- 3.3 Summary of the structure..- 4. The Vacuum Sector.- 4.1 The orthocomplemented lattice of causally complete regions..- 4.2 The net of von Neumann algebras in the vacuum representation..- IV. Charges, Global Gauge Groups and Exchange Symmetry.- 1. Charge Superselection Sectors.- “Strange statistics”. Charges. Selection criteria for relevant sectors. The program and survey of results..- 2. The DHR-Analysis.- 2.1 Localized morphisms..- 2.2 Intertwiners and exchange symmetry (“Statistics”)..- 2.3 Charge conjugation, statistics parameter..- 2.4 Covariant sectors and energy-momentum spectrum..- 2.5 Fields and collision theory..- 3. The Buchholz-Fredenhagen-Analysis.- 3.1 Localized 1-particle states..- 3.2 BF-topological charges..- 3.3 Composition of sectors and exchange symmetry..- 3.4 Charge conjugation and the absence of “infinite statistics”..- 4. Global Gauge Group and Charge Carrying Fields.- Implementation of endomorphisms. Charges with d = 1. Endomorphisms and non Abelian gauge group. DR categories and the embedding theorem..- 5. Low Dimensional Space-Time and Braid Group Statistics.- Statistics operator and braid group representations. The 2+1-dimensional case with BF-charges. Statistics parameter and Jones index..- V. Thermal States and Modular Automorphisms.- 1. Gibbs Ensembles, Thermodynamic Limit, KMS-Condition.- 1.1 Introduction..- 1.2 Equivalence of KMS-condition to Gibbs ensembles for finite volume..- 1.3 The arguments for Gibbs ensembles..- 1.4 The representation induced by a KMS-state..- 1.5 Phases, symmetry breaking and the decomposition of KMS-states..- 1.6 Variational principles and autocorrelation inequalities..- 2. Modular Automorphisms and Modular Conjugation.- 2.1 The Tomita-Takesaki theorem..- 2.2 Vector representatives of states. Convex cones in H..- 2.3 Relative modular operators and Radon-Nikodym derivatives..- 2.4 Classification of factors..- 3. Direct Characterization of Equilibrium States.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Stability..- 3.3 Passivity..- 3.4 Chemical potential..- 4. Modular Automorphisms of Local Algebras.- 4.1 The Bisognano-Wichmann theorem..- 4.2 Conformal invariance and the theorem of Hislop and Longo..- 5. Phase Space, Nuclearity, Split Property, Local Equilibrium.- 5.1 Introduction..- 5.2 Nuclearity and split property..- 5.3 Open subsystems..- 5.4 Modular nuclearity..- 6. The Universal Type of Local Algebras.- VI. Particles. Completeness of the Particle Picture.- 1. Detectors, Coincidence Arrangements, Cross Sections.- 1.1 Generalities..- 1.2 Asymptotic particle configurations. Buchholz’s strategy..- 2. The Particle Content.- 2.1 Particles and infraparticles..- 2.2 Single particle weights and their decomposition..- 2.3 Remarks on the particle picture and its completeness..- 3. The Physical State Space of Quantum Electrodynamics.- VII. Principles and Lessons of Quantum Physics. A Review of Interpretations, Mathematical Formalism and Perspectives.- 1. The Copenhagen Spirit. Criticisms, Elaborations.- Niels Bohr’s epistemological considerations. Realism. Physical systems and the division problem. Persistent non-classical correlations. Collective coordinates, decoherence and the classical approximation. Measurements. Correspondence and quantization. Time reflection asymmetry of statistical conclusions..- 2. The Mathematical Formalism.- Operational assumptions. “Quantum Logic”. Convex cones..- 3. The Evolutionary Picture.- Events, causal links and their attributes. Irreversibility. The EPR-effect. Ensembles vs. individuals. Decisions. Comparison with standard procedure..- VIII. Retrospective and Outlook.- 1. Algebraic Approach vs. Euclidean Quantum Field Theory.- 2. Supersymmetry.- 3. The Challenge from General Relativity.- 3.1 Introduction..- 3.2 Quantum field theory in curved space-time..- 3.3 Hawking temperature and Hawking radiation..- 3.4 A few remarks on quantum gravity..- Author Index and References.

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Book SynopsisThis second volume of Howard Carmichael’s work continues the development of the methods used in quantum optics to treat open quantum systems and their fluctuations. Its early chapters build upon the phase-space methods introduced in Volume 1. Written on a level suitable for debut researchers or students in an advanced course in quantum optics, or a course in quantum mechanics or statistical physics that deals with open quantum systems.Table of ContentsThe Degenerate Parametric OscillatorI: Squeezed States.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorII: Phase-Space Analysisinthe Small-Noise Limit.- The PositiveP Representation.- The Degenerate Parametric OscillatorIII: Phase-Space Analysis Outside the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED I: Simple Calculations.- Many Atoms in a Cavity: Macroscopic Theory.- Many Atoms in a Cavity II: Quantum Fluctuations in the Small-Noise Limit.- Cavity QED II: Quantum Fluctuations.- Quantum Trajectories I: Background and Interpretation.- Quantum Trajectories II: The Degenerate Parametric Oscillator.- Quantum Trajectories III: More Examples.

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Book SynopsisThe Problem Book in Quantum Field Theory contains about 200 problems with solutions or hints that help students to improve their understanding and develop skills necessary for pursuing the subject. It deals with the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations, classical field theory, canonical quantization of scalar, Dirac and electromagnetic fields, the processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory, renormalization and regularization. The solutions are presented in a systematic and complete manner. The material covered and the level of exposition make the book appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics, as well as for teachers and researchers.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "There is, as the author of this book points out, a shortage of books of problems on quantum field theory. This one is based on exercises set to undergraduate and graduate students of the University of Belgrade. There are 64 pages of problems and the solutions occupy a further 171 pages. There is a bibliography and an index. … The book would serve well to accompany an introductory course on QFT." (Lewis H. Ryder, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2007 c) "The book provides the reader with about 200 problems on different topics in quantum field theory … . The material covered and the level of exposition make the book typically appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students in physics. It is actually one of the first problem books in quantum field theory, and can be very useful students both following a course and studying on their own." (Bassano Vacchini, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1102 (4), 2007)Table of ContentsProblems.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical field theory and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.- Solutions.- Lorentz and Poincaré symmetries.- The Klein-Gordon equation.- The ?-matrices.- The Dirac equation.- Classical fields and symmetries.- Green functions.- Canonical quantization of the scalar field.- Canonical quantization of the Dirac field.- Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field.- Processes in the lowest order of the perturbation theory.- Renormalization and regularization.

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Book SynopsisBlack Holes are still considered to be among the most mysterious and fascinating objects in our universe. Awaiting the era of gravitational astronomy, much progress in theoretical modeling and understanding of classical and quantum black holes has already been achieved. The present volume serves as a tutorial, high-level guided tour through the black-hole landscape: information paradox and blackhole thermodynamics, numerical simulations of black-hole formation and collisions, braneworld scenarios and stability of black holes with respect to perturbations are treated in great detail, as is their possible occurrence at the LHC. An outgrowth of a topical and tutorial summer school, this extensive set of carefully edited notes has been set up with the aim of constituting an advanced-level, multi-authored textbook which meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers in the fields of modern cosmology, astrophysics and (quantum) field theory. Table of ContentsBlack Holes and their Properties.- What Exactly is the Information Paradox?.- Classical Yang–Mills Black Hole Hair in Anti-de Sitter Space.- Black Hole Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics.- Colliding Black Holes and Gravitational Waves.- Numerical Simulations of Black Hole Formation.- Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Black Holes in Higher-Dimensional Gravity.- Braneworld Black Holes.- Higher Order Gravity Theories and Their Black Hole Solutions.- Gravitational Waves from Braneworld Black Holes.- Black Holes at the Large Hadron Collider.- Perturbations of Black Holes.- Perturbations and Stability of Higher-Dimensional Black Holes.- Analytic Calculation of Quasi-Normal Modes.

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Book Synopsis"Scientists other than quantum physicists often fail to comprehend the enormity of the conceptual change wrought by quantum theory in our basic conception of the nature of matter," writes Henry Stapp. Stapp is a leading quantum physicist who has given particularly careful thought to the implications of the theory that lies at the heart of modern physics. In this book, which contains several of his key papers as well as new material, he focuses on the problem of consciousness and explains how quantum mechanics allows causally effective conscious thought to be combined in a natural way with the physical brain made of neurons and atoms. The book is divided into four sections. The first consists of an extended introduction. Key foundational and somewhat more technical papers are included in the second part, together with a clear exposition of the "orthodox" interpretation of quantum mechanics. The third part addresses, in a non-technical fashion, the implications of the theory for some of the most profound questions that mankind has contemplated: How does the world come to be just what it is and not something else? How should humans view themselves in a quantum universe? What will be the impact on society of the revised scientific image of the nature of man? The final part contains a mathematical appendix for the specialist and a glossary of important terms and ideas for the interested layman. This third edition has been significantly expanded with two new chapters covering the author's most recent work.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the second edition: "The author develops new chapters on many findings of recent research on the mind-body problem as well as their extrapolation to new and difficult technical and social areas. The book is highly recommended to physicists, mathematicians, social scientists, and intelligent general readers." (Albert A. Mullin, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1087, 2006)Table of Contents…and then a Miracle Occurs.- A Quantum Theory of Consciousness.- Theory.- The Copenhagen Interpretation.- Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics.- A Quantum Theory of the Mind–Brain Interface.- Implications.- Mind, Matter, and Pauli.- Choice and Meaning in the Quantum Universe.- Future Achievements to Be Gained through Science.- A Quantum Conception of Man.- Quantum Theory and the Place of Mind in Nature.- New Developments and Future Visions.- Neuroscience, Atomic Physics, and the Human Person.- Societal Ramifications of the New Scientific Conception of Human Beings.- Physicalism Versus Quantum Mechanics.- A Model of the Quantum–Classical and Mind–Brain Connections, and the Role of the Quantum Zeno Effect in the Physical Implementation of Conscious Intent.- Appendices.- A Mathematical Mode.

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Book Synopsis"Quantum Theory of Magnetism" is the only book that deals with the phenomenon of magnetism from the point of view of "linear response". That is, how does a magnetic material respond when excited by a magnetic field? That field may be uniform, or spatially varying, static or time dependent. Previous editions have dealt primarily with the magnetic response. This edition incorporates the resistive response of magnetic materials as well. It also includes problems to test the reader's (or student's) comprehension. The rationale for a book on magnetism is as valid today as it was when the first two editions of Quantum Theory of Magnetism were published. Magnetic phenomena continue to be discovered with deep scientific implications and novel applications. Since the Second Edition, for example, Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR) was discovered and the new field of "spintronics" is currently expanding. Not only do these phenomena rely on the concepts presented in this book, but magnetic properties are often an important clue to our understanding of new materials (e.g., high-temperature superconductors). Their magnetic properties, studied by susceptibility measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance, neutron scattering, etc. have provided insight to the superconductivity state.This updated edition offers revised emphasis on some material as a result of recent developments and includes new material, such as an entire chapter on thin film magnetic multilayers. Researchers and students once again have access to an up-to-date classic reference on magnetism, the key characteristic of many modern materials.Table of ContentsThe Magnetic Susceptibility.- The Magnetic Hamiltonian.- The Static Susceptibility of Noninteracting Systems.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Static Susceptibility of Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Local Moments.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Weakly Interacting Systems: Metals.- The Dynamic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Systems.- Thin Film Systems.- Neutron Scattering.

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Book SynopsisThis book is aimed at theoretical as well as primarily physicists graduate students in field working quantum theory, quantum gravity, theories, gauge to sdme and and, it is not extent, general relativity cosmology. Although aimed at a I that it also be of level, hope in mathematically rigorous may terest to mathematical and mathematicians in physicists working spectral of differential mani geometry, spectral asymptotics on operators, analysis differential and mathematical methods in folds, geometry quantum theory. Thisbook will be considered too abstract some but certainly by physicists, not detailed and most mathematicians. This in completeenoughby means, thatthe material is at the level of particular, presented "physical" So, rigor. there theorems and areno and technicalcalculationsare lemmas, proofs long omitted. I tried detailed to a ofthe basic Instead, give presentation ideas, methodsandresults. Itried makethe to as andcom Also, exposition explicit as the lessabstractandhaveillustratedthe plete possible, methods language and results withsome As is well "onecannot examples. known, cover every in an text. The in this thing", especially introductory approach presented book the lines is a further of the so called along goes (and development) fieldmethod ofDe Witt. As a Ihavenot dealt at background consequence, allwithmanifoldswith boundary,non Laplacetype (ornonminimal) opera Riemann Cartan manifolds well with as as recent tors, developments many and advanced such Ashtekar's more as topics, approach,supergravity,strings, matrix etc. The membranes, interested reader is referred models, M theory tothe literature.Trade Review"This monograph rightly belongs to a series ‘Lecture notes in Physics’, as it represents a well-written review of main results by the author, who is a recognized expert on heat kernel techniques in quantum gravity. [...] The results exposed in this book reflect the major contributions of the author to differential geometry and the theory of differential operators. They have many applications in quantum field theory with background fields, and indeed, the book can be used as a text for a short graduate course in the heat kernel techniques and their quantum gravity." (Mathematical Reviews 2003a)Table of ContentsBackground Field Method in Quantum Field Theory.- Technique for Calculation of De Witt Coefficients.- Partial Summation of Schwinger-De Witt Expansion.- Higher-Derivative Quantum Gravity.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisQuantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental quantum ?eld theory of quarks and gluons. In order to discuss it in a mathematically well-de?ned way, the theory has to be regularized. Replacing space-time by a Euclidean lattice has proven to be an e?cient approach which allows for both theor- ical understanding and computational analysis. Lattice QCD has become a standard tool in elementary particle physics. Asthetitlealreadysays:thisbookisintroductory!Thetextisintendedfor newcomerstothe?eld,servingasastartingpoint.Wesimplywantedtohavea bookwhichwecanputintothehandsofanadvancedstudentfora?rstreading on lattice QCD. This imaginary student brings as a prerequisite knowledge of higher quantum mechanics, some continuum quantum ?eld theory, and basic facts of elementary particle physics phenomenology. In view of the wealth of applications in current research the topics p- sented here are limited and we had to make some painful choices. We discuss QCD but omit most other lattice ?eld theory applications like scalar th- ries, gauge-Higgs models, or electroweak theory. Although we try to lead the reader up to present day understanding, we cannot possibly address all on- ing activities, in particular concerning the role of QCD in electroweak theory. Subjects like glueballs, topological excitations, and approaches like chiral p- turbation theory are mentioned only brie?y. This allows us to cover the other topics quite explicitly, including detailed derivations of key equations. The ?eld is rapidly developing. The proceedings of the annual lattice conferences provide information on newer directions and up-to-date results.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This is a very nice and readable book on lattice gauge theories. It is conceived for non-specialists in the field and is quite self-contained. … It is a modern, updated introduction to lattice gauge theory, very easy to consult and conceived in a modern way. This is an excellent textbook for students or anyone wishing to be introduced to the subject.”­­­ (Giuseppe Nardelli, Mathematical Reviews, Issue 2010 k)Table of ContentsThe path integral on the lattice.- The path integral on the lattice.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- QCD on the lattice — a first look.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Pure gauge theory on the lattice.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Numerical simulation of pure gauge theory.- Fermions on the lattice.- Fermions on the lattice.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Hadron spectroscopy.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Chiral symmetry on the lattice.- Dynamical fermions.- Dynamical fermions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- Symanzik improvement and RG actions.- More about lattice fermions.- More about lattice fermions.- Hadron structure.- Hadron structure.- Temperature and chemical potential.- Temperature and chemical potential.

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Book SynopsisSome major developments of physics in the last three decades are addressed by highly qualified specialists in different specific fields. They include renormalization problems in QFT, vacuum energy fluctuations and the Casimir effect in different configurations, and a wealth of applications. A number of closely related issues are also considered. The cosmological applications of these theories play a crucial role and are at the very heart of the book; in particular, the possibility to explain in a unified way the whole history of the evolution of the Universe: from primordial inflation to the present day accelerated expansion. Further, a description of the mathematical background underlying many of the physical theories considered above is provided. This includes the uses of zeta functions in physics, as in the regularization problems in QFT already mentioned, specifically in curved space-time, and in Casimir problems as.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book in part is about on some technology concerning the local zeta function applied to quantum field theory in curved static (thermal) spacetime to regularize the stress energy tensor and the field fluctuations. … I find this book extremely useful and important, because it signifies the beauty of a mathematical technique in physics in general. I recommend this book for you it is an amazing reading!” (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, bookinspections.wordpress.com, January, 2014)Table of ContentsPart I QFT and the Casimir Effect.- 1. I. Ya. AREF’EVA. Colliding Hadrons as Cosmic Membranes and Possible Signatures of Lost Momentum.- 2. M. ASOREY, I. Cavero‐Peláez and J. M. Muñoz‐Casta. Vacuum energy and the Topology of the Universe.-3. M. BORDAG and I. Pirozhenko. The Low Temperature Corrections to the Casimir Force Between a Sphere and a Plane.- 4. I. BREVIK. Casimir Effect for the Piecewise Uniform String.- 5. I.L. BUCHBINDER, N.G. Pletnev and I.B. Samsonov. N = 2 and N = 4 Supersymmetric Low‐Energy Effective Actions in Three Dimensions.- 6. M. CHAICHIAN. Colour Confinement, the Goto‐Imamura‐Schwinger Term and Renormalization Group.- 7. J. GOMIS. Non‐Central Extensions of (Super) Poincaré Algebra and (Susy) Electromagnetic Backgrounds.- 8. K. A. MILTON, J. Wagner, P. Parashar, I. Cavero‐Peláez, I. Brevik and S. A. Ellingsen. Multiple Scattering: Dispersion, Temperature Dependence, and Annular Pistons.- Part II Gravity and Cosmology.- 9. M. BOUHMADI‐LÓPEZ. Brane Cosmology with an f(R)‐Contribution.- 10. S. CAPOZZIELLO. f(R)‐Gravity Matched with Large Scale Structure and Cosmological Observations.- 11. S. CARLONI. An Analysis of the Phase Space of Hořava‐Lifshitz Cosmologies.- 12. C. CORDA. Gravitational Waves Astronomy: a Cornerstone for Gravitational Theories.- 13. R. DI CRISCIENZO, L. Vanzo and S. Zerbini. Hamilton‐Jacobi Method and Gravitation.- 14. K. N. Ananda, S. Carloni and P. K. S. DUNSBY. A Characteristic Signature of Fourth Order Gravity.- 15. V. FARAONI. Horizons and Singularity in Clifton's Spherical Solution of f(R)‐vacuum.- 16. R. GARATTINI. Gravitational Zero Point Energy and the Induced Cosmological Constant.- 17. P. GONZALEZ‐DÍAZ. Lensing Effects in Ringholes and the Multiverse Black Holes.- 18. L. LUSANNA. Hamiltonian ADM Gravity in Non‐Harmonic Gauges with Well Defined Non‐Euclidean 3‐Spaces: How Much Darkness can be Explained as a Relativistic Inertial Effect?- 19. J. Beltrán and A. LÓPEZ MAROTO. Dark Energy and Cosmic Magnetic Fields: Electromagnetic Relics from Inflation.- 20. N. Carlevaro, G. MONTANI and M. Lattanzi. On the Viability of Non‐Analytical f(R)‐Theory.- 21. S. NOJIRI. Towards the Unification of Late‐Time Acceleration and Inflation by k‐Essence Model.- 22. N. Deruelle and M. SASAKI. Conformal Equivalence in Classical Gravity: the Example of “Veiled” General Relativity.- 23. L. SEBASTIANI. Finite‐Time Singularities in Modified f(R;G)‐Gravity and Singularity Avoidance.- 24. P. J. SILVA. Asymptotic Darkness in Hořava‐Lifshitz Gravity.- 25. C. F. SOPUERTA and N. Yunes. Testing Modified Gravity with Gravitational Wave Astronomy.- 26. P. K. TOWNSEND. Gravitons in Flatland.- 27. M. M. Sheikh‐Jabbari and A. TUREANU. Very Special Relativity and Noncommutative Space‐Time.- Part III Zeta Functions in Physics and Mathematics.-28. G. Fucci, K. KIRSTEN and P. Morales. Pistons Modelled by Potentials.- 29. V. Moretti. Local ζ‐functions, stress‐energy tensor, field fluctuations, and all that, in curved static spacetime.- 30. V. Muñoz and R. PÉREZ‐MARCO. Ergodic Solenoidal Geometry.- 31. A. VOROS. Zeta‐Regularization and Exact WKB Method for a General 1D Schrödinger equation.- 32. G. Cognola and S. ZERBINI. Generalized Zeta Function Regularization and the Multiplicative Anomaly.- Part IV Non‐standard approaches.- 33. R. M. SANTILLI. Isominkowskian Geometry for Interior Dynamical Problems.- 34. L. YING. Nuclear Fusion Drives Cosmic Expansion.- Index

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Book SynopsisThis textbook explains the experimental basics, effects and theory of nuclear physics. It supports learning and teaching with numerous worked examples, questions and problems with answers. Numerous tables and diagrams help to better understand the explanations. A better feeling to the subject of the book is given with sketches about the historical development of nuclear physics. The main topics of this book include the phenomena associated with passage of charged particles and radiation through matter which are related to nuclear resonance fluorescence and the Moessbauer effect., Gamov’s theory of alpha decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, electron capture and gamma decay. The discussion of general properties of nuclei covers nuclear sizes and nuclear force, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment. Nuclear instability against various modes of decay and Yukawa theory are explained. Nuclear models such as Fermi Gas Model, Shell Model, Liquid Drop Model, Collective Model and Optical Model are outlined to explain various experimental facts related to nuclear structure. Heavy ion reactions, including nuclear fusion, are explained. Nuclear fission and fusion power production is treated elaborately.Table of ContentsPassage of Charged Particles Through Matter.- Passage of Radiation Through Matter.- Radioactivity.- General Properties of Nuclei.- The Nuclear 1\vo-Body.- Nuclear Models.- Nuclear Reactions.

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Book SynopsisAt the fundamental level, the interactions of elementary particles are described by quantum gauge field theory. The quantitative implications of these interactions are captured by scattering amplitudes, traditionally computed using Feynman diagrams. In the past decade tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of and computational abilities with regard to scattering amplitudes in gauge theories, going beyond the traditional textbook approach. These advances build upon on-shell methods that focus on the analytic structure of the amplitudes, as well as on their recently discovered hidden symmetries. In fact, when expressed in suitable variables the amplitudes are much simpler than anticipated and hidden patterns emerge.These modern methods are of increasing importance in phenomenological applications arising from the need for high-precision predictions for the experiments carried out at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in foundational mathematical physics studies on the S-matrix in quantum field theory.Bridging the gap between introductory courses on quantum field theory and state-of-the-art research, these concise yet self-contained and course-tested lecture notes are well-suited for a one-semester graduate level course or as a self-study guide for anyone interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory and its applications.The numerous exercises and solutions included will help readers to embrace and apply the material presented in the main text.Trade Review“Aimed at the advanced graduate student or a practitioner of high energy theory interested in the subject, the book begins with a review of non-abelian gauge theory and its conventional Feynman methods before immediately delving into on-shell recursion relations of BCFW (Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten) and factorization properties. … Of particular usefulness to the student are the exercises and an entire appendix dedicated to their detailed solutions.” (Yang-Hui He, zbMATH 1315.81005, 2015)Table of ContentsIntroduction and Basics.- Tree-Level Techniques.- Loop-Level Structure.- Advanced Topics.- Renormalization Properties of Wilson Loops.- Conventions and Useful Formulae.- Solutions to the Exercises.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis is the final volume of Heisenberg's Collected Works. It contains his papers on a (nonlinear) unified theory of elementary particles, as well as his contribution to superconductivity and multiparticle production. Especially interesting is the first group of papers, which is split intotwo sections dealing with, firstly, the formulation of the famous nonlinear spinor equation and, secondly,its applications. Among others the reader willfind a thorough discussion of Heisenberg's collaboration with W. Pauli on these matters. Illuminating annotations to the various sections in this volume have been provided by H. Koppe, R. Hagedorn and the editors.

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Book SynopsisThis well-known introductory textbook gives a uniform presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view. The first part, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. This part shows that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis, and lead to the present picture of all matter being constructed from a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions. The second part, Synthesis, shows how the elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. The fundamental interactions, which are responsible for the forces in all systems, become less and less evident in increasingly complex systems. Such systems are in fact dominated by many-body phenomena. A section on neutrino oscillations and one on nuclear matter at high temperatures bridge the field of "nuclear and particle physics" and "modem astrophysics and cosmology.The seventh revised and extended edition includes new material, in particular the experimental verification of the Higgs particle at the LHC, recent results in neutrino physics, the violation of CP-symmetry in the decay of neutral B-mesons, the experimental investigations of the nucleon's spin structure and outstanding results of the HERA experiments in deep-inelastic electron- and positron-proton scattering. The concise text is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and includes numerous exercises with worked answers. It has been translated into several languages and has become a standard reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses.Trade Review“The book ‘Particles and Nuclei’ represents a collection of fundamental topics in nuclear and particle physics and is divided in two parts. … This book presents itself as an easy going lecture for students taking a course in nuclear and particle physics but it can be … used as a handbook by specialists in the field.” (Serban Misicu, zbMATH 1331.81003, 2016)Table of ContentsHors d'oeuvre.- Analysis: The Building Blocks of Matter.- Global Properties of Nuclei.- Nuclear Stability.- Scattering.- Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- Deep Inelastic Scattering.- Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- Particle Production in e+e− Collisions.- Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- Neutrino Oscillations and Neutrino Mass.- Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction and the Higgs Boson.- The Standard Model.- Synthesis: Composite Systems.- Quarkonia.- Mesons.- The Baryons.- The Nuclear Force.- The Structure of Nuclei.- Collective Nuclear Excitations.- Nuclear Thermodynamics.- Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- Appendix.- Solutions to the Problems.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about supergravity, which combines the principles of general relativity and local gauge invariance with the idea of supersymmetries between bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom. The authors give a thorough and pedagogical introduction to the subject suitable for beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate students in theoretical high energy physics or mathematical physics. Interested researchers working in these or related areas are also addressed. The level of the presentation assumes a working knowledge of general relativity and basic notions of differential geometry as well as some familiarity with global supersymmetry in relativistic field theories. Bypassing curved superspace and other more technical approaches, the book starts from the simple idea of supersymmetry as a local gauge symmetry and derives the mathematical and physical properties of supergravity in a direct and “minimalistic” way, using a combination of explicit computations and geometrical reasoning. Key topics include spinors in curved spacetime, pure supergravity with and without a cosmological constant, matter couplings in global and local supersymmetry, phenomenological and cosmological implications, extended supergravity, gauged supergravity and supergravity in higher spacetime dimensions.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- From Global to Local SUSY.- Gravity and spinors.- D=4 N=1 SUGRA.- Matter couplings in global SUSY.- Matter couplings in SUGRA.- SUGRA phenomenology.- Extended supergravities.- Gauged supergravity.- SUGRA in any dimension.

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Book SynopsisFor many physicists quantum theory contains strong conceptual difficulties, while for others the apparent conclusions about the reality of our physical world and the ways in which we discover that reality remain philosophically unacceptable. This book focuses on recent theoretical and experimental developments in the foundations of quantum physics, including topics such as the puzzles and paradoxes which appear when general relativity and quantum mechanics are combined; the emergence of classical properties from quantum mechanics; stochastic electrodynamics; EPR experiments and Bell's Theorem; the consistent histories approach and the problem of datum uniqueness in quantum mechanics; non-local measurements and teleportation of quantum states; quantum non-demolition measurements in optics and matter wave properties observed by neutron, electron and atomic interferometry. Audience: This volume is intended for graduate students of physics and those interested in the foundations of quantum theory.Table of Contents1. The subject of our discussions; E. Santos. 2. Measurement of the Schrödinger wave of a single particle; Y. Aharonov, L. Vaidman. 3. The emergence of classical properties from quantum mechanics: New problems from old; L.E. Ballentine. 4. Deformations of space-time symmetries and fundamental scales; A. Ballesteros, et al. 5. Aspects of quantum reality; S. Bergia. 6. Kochen-Specker diagram of the Peres--Mermin example; A. Cabello. 7. Zeropoint waves and quantum particles; A.M. Cetto, L. de la Peña. 8. Results of atom interferometry experiments with potassium; J.F. Clauser. 9. On the uncertainty relations; J.R. Croca. 10. Continuously diagonalized density operator of open systems; L. Diósi. 11. The hazy spacetime of the Károlyházy model of quantum mechanics; A. Frenkel. 12. Can the experiments based on parametric-down conversion disprove Einstein locality? A. Garuccio. 13. Quantum-mechanical histories and the uncertainty principle; J.J. Halliwell. 14. Experiments with coherent electron wave packets; F. Hasselbach. 15. The ontological interpretation of quantum field theory applied in a cosmological context; B.J. Hiley, A.H. Aziz Muft. 16. State vector reduction via spacetime imprecision; F. Károlyházy. 17. Analyses of classical and thermodynamic limits of quantum mechanics and quantum measurements on the basis of nonstandard analysis; T. Kobayashi. 18. A realistic interpretation of lattice gauge theories; M. Lorente. 19. Is there abridge connecting stochastic and quantum electrodynamics? T.W. Marshall. 20. Action-angle variables inherent in quantum dynamics; J. Martínez-Linares. 21. A philosopher struggles to understand quantum theory: Particle creations and wavepacket reduction; N. Maxwell. 22. Consistent histories and the interpretation of quantum mechanics; R. Omnès. 23. Is quantum mechanics a limit cycle theory? L. de la Peña, A.M. Cetto. 24. Realization and characterization of quantum nondemolition measurements in optics; J.Ph. Poizat, et al. 25. Fuzzy sets and infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic in foundations of quantum mechanics; J. Pykacz. 26. A model of topological quantization of the electromagnetic field; A.F. Rañada. 27. Postselection and squeezing in neutron interferometry and EPR-experiments; H. Rauch. 28. Macroscopic decoherence and classical stochastic gravity; J.L. Sanchez-Gomez. 29. Dynamics and measurement of the absolute phase in macroscopic quantum systems; F. Sols, R.A. Hegstrom. 30. Realistic quantum theory and relativity; E.J. Squires. 31. On the empirical law of epistemology: Physics as an artifact of mathematics; N.A. Tambakis. 32. Search of a first principle for quantum physics; A.C. de la Torre. 33. Decoherence in an isolated macroscopic quantum system: A parameter-free model involving gravity; J. Unturbe. 34. Nonlocal measurements and teleportation of quantum states; L. Vaidman. 35. Quantum noise in optical photon detectors; A. Vidiella-Barranco, E. Santos.

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.- Accelerator Mass Spectrometry.- AMS Measurement Methods.- The Applications of AMS in Nuclear Science.- Application of AMS in Archaeology.- Application of AMS in Geosciences.- Application of AMS in Life Sciences and Drug Development.-  Application of AMS in Environmental Science and Resource Science.

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Book Synopsis1. Quantum Theory in Algebraic and Geometric Approaches.- 2. Scattering Theory.- 3. Deterministic Physical Theories.- 4. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThese course-tested lectures provide a technical introduction to Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs), as well as a personal view on the topic by one of the pioneers in the field. While the Standard Model of Particle Physics is incredibly successful in describing the known universe it is, nevertheless, an incomplete theory with many free parameters and open issues. An elegant solution to all of these quandaries is the proposed theory of SUSY GUTs. In a GUT, quarks and leptons are related in a simple way by the unifying symmetry and their electric charges are quantized, further the relative strength of the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces are predicted. SUSY GUTs additionally provide a framework for understanding particle masses and offer candidates for dark matter. Finally, with the extension of SUSY GUTs to string theory, a quantum-mechanically consistent unification of the four known forces (including gravity) is obtained. The book is organized in three sections: the first section contains a brief introduction to the Standard Model, supersymmetry and the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Then SUSY GUTs in four space-time dimensions are introduced and reviewed. In addition, the cosmological issues concerning SUSY GUTs are discussed. Then the requirements for embedding a 4D SUSY GUT into higher-dimensional theories including gravity (i.e. String Theory) are investigated. Accordingly, section two of the course is devoted to discussing the so-called Orbifold GUTs and how in turn they solve some of the technical problems of 4D SUSY GUTs. Orbifold GUTs introduce a new set of open issues, which are then resolved in the third section in which it is shown how to embed Orbifold GUTs into the E(8) x E(8) Heterotic String in 10 space-time dimensions.Trade Review“I enjoyed this book very much and found it useful for refreshing my views and learning something new about SUSY, namely about the GUT state of affairs. I recommend it to individual researchers and to libraries in research universities, physics departments, and HEP laboratories.” (Paulo Moniz, Mathematical Reviews, January, 2018)Table of ContentsThe Standard Model:background.- The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM).- Supersymmetric GUTs in 4 space-time dimensions.- SUSY GUTs meets data: LHC, fermion masses and mixing angles, dark matter.- Problems of 4 D SUSY GUTs.- SUSY GUTs in 5 or 6 dimensions : Orbifold GUTs.- SUSY breaking in extra dimensions.- Orbifold GUTs meet data.- SUSY GUTs in string theory : background.- Heterotic orbifold constructions.- Guaranteeing the MSSM, proton decay and precise gauge coupling unification.- Smooth heterotic constructions.- Type II string models and F theory – lectures.- Stabilizing moduli and SUSY breaking.- Cosmology.- Conclusions and Outlook.

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Book SynopsisKompakte 3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage: Die Autoren wenden sich an Studierende nach dem Vordiplom oder Bachelor-Abschluss und geben einen Überblick über die experimentellen und theoretischen Grundlagen des Faches. Ein Teil des Stoffes wird an einigen Universitäten bereits vor dem Vordiplom bzw. während der Bachelor-Ausbildung vermittelt. Die Autoren erläutern zahlreiche Anwendungen kernphysikalischer Methoden in der Materialforschung und der Medizin. Zusätzlich gehen sie auf die Entdeckung neuer Elemente ein, die in jüngster Zeit zu einer Erweiterung des Periodensystems führte. Plus: zahlreiche Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen.Trade ReviewAus den Rezensionen: “... Gerade für den Studienanfänger ist dies ausgesprochen angenehm - dies umso mehr, als das Buch am Experiment orientiert ist und umfangreiche abstrakte Abhandlungen meidet. Dies ist sicherlich für die allermeisten Studierenden der beste, weil konkreteste Weg, den Stoff zu verinnerlichen. Der flüssig lesbare Band wird abgerundet mit Beispielen und durchgerechneten Übungsaufgaben. Die Literaturliste bietet schließlich zahlreiche Ansätze, einzelne Themen zu vertiefen.“ (www.buchkatalog.de)Table of ContentsÄußere Eigenschaften der Atomkerne.- Innere Eigenschaften von Atomkernen.- Kernmodelle.- Experimentelle Verfahren der Kernphysik.- Streuprozesse und Kernreaktionen.- Kernzerfälle – Radioaktivität.- Kernkräfte.- Anwendungen der Kernphysik.- Ausblick.

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Book SynopsisThe Physics of the Early Universe is an edited and expanded version of the lectures given at a recent summer school of the same name. Its aim is to present an advanced multi-authored textbook that meets the needs of both postgraduate students and young researchers interested in, or already working on, problems in cosmology and general relativity, with emphasis on the early universe. A particularly strong feature of the present work is the constructive-critical approach to the present mainstream theories, the careful assessment of some alternative approaches, and the overall balance between theoretical and observational considerations. As such, this book will also benefit experienced scientists and nonspecialists from related areas of research. Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This is a set of 9 review articles given as part of a 2003 summer school on Syros Island, Greece. … this book provides a solid introduction to current research in early universe physics, which should be useful for PhD students or postdoctoral researchers who want the real thing. … This, then, is a useful book for someone wanting to leap right into modern theoretical ideas of early universe physics." (Douglas Scott, Classical and Quantum Gravity, Issue 24, 2007)Table of ContentsAn Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe.- Cosmological Perturbation Theory.- Cosmic Microwave Backgrond Anisotropies.- Oberservational Cosmology.- Dark Matter and Dark Energy.- String Cosmology.- Brane-World Cosmology.- Gravitational Wave Astronomy: the High Frequency Window.- Computational Black Hole Dynamics.

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Table of ContentsLattice gauge theories.- Continuum gauge quantum field theories.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an analysis of limits in perception from the vantage point of the physicist, the engineer, the psychophysicist, the psychologist and the theorist. Limits in perception find their causal explanation at many logically and/or physically different levels. Some of the most fundamental bottlenecks are due to the quantum mechanical and atomistic structure of the microworld. Other simple constraints are due to the material constitution of sensory organs. For instance, the fact that the eye is predominantly composed of water limits both the optical quality and the available spectral window. The engineer uses knowledge on such limits to design equipment that optimizes human performance in daily life. Examples include room acoustics and visual displays. Psychophysicists and psychologists deal with limits on a quite different logical level. These limits constrain much of our perceptually guided behaviour. The book includes chapters on such topics as movement perception, binocular vision, illusory phenomena, language and perception, the perception of time. A few concluding chapters on fundamental limits imposed by information theoretical constraints on the coding and representation of sensed structure are included. Limits in Perception will be important reading material for scientists and/or engineers in the following fields: perception, experimental psychology, sensory biology, physics, neuroscience, human engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics, ophthalmology, audiology, psychonomics and ergonomics, remote sensing.Table of ContentsList of contributors, Prefacen, List of publications by M.A. Bouman, List of doctoral dissertations supervised by M.A. Bouman, PART 1: A PHYSICIST'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 2: AN ENGINEER'S APPROACH TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 3: PSYCHOPHYSICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, PART 5: THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE LIMITS IN PERCEPTION, Subject index

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Book SynopsisThe Schottky electron emitter is a predominant electron-emitting source in today’s electron beam equipment. This book comprehensively covers the Schottky emitter, dealing with its theoretical as well as practical aspects. The main questions that are addressed in this book are: what is the Schottky electron emitter? How does it work? And how do its properties affect the performance of electron beam equipment?The focus is on the direct link between the operating conditions of the source and the properties of the beam at the target level. This coupling is made clear by discussing the effect of the operating conditions and the geometry of the source and gun on the emission properties of the emitting surface, the effect of Coulomb interactions on the brightness and energy spread in the first few millimeters of the beam path, and the effect of the operating conditions and the shape of the emitter on the consequences of the beam at the target. The final chapter combines all these effects to demonstrate that there is a trade-off to be made between brightness, energy spread, and shape stability.Trade Review"Really understanding the physics of Schottky electron sources is a must for every sophisticated user of an electron microscope. But also, it is an intellectual pleasure in itself to learn about this ever-changing nanocrystal from which the electrons in the microscope emerge. The author has managed to combine these aspects, usefulness, and theoretical depth, in the elegant and clear style that characterizes her work."Prof. Pieter Kruit, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands"This book describes practical aspects of using Schottky electron sources in electron optical systems on the basis of well-founded physics theory. It makes clear how the electron source performance changes with the operating parameters and why. The book is especially valuable to those who want to make the best use of this high-potential electron source."Dr. Shin Fujita, Shimadzu Corporation, JapanTable of ContentsIntroduction. Electron Emission from a Surface. Emission from a Schottky Emitter. Emission from the End Facet. The Final Beam for Applications. Geometrical Stability. Optimum Operation. Appendix A. Procedures for Monitoring in a Few Commercial Systems. Appendix B. Procedure to Characterize System Performance. References. Summary. Samenvatting. Acknowledgements. Curriculum Vitae.

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Book SynopsisFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, located in the western suburbs of Chicago, has stood at the frontier of high-energy physics for forty years. This title tells the history of this laboratory and of its powerful accelerators that is told from the point of view of the people who built and used them for scientific discovery.Trade Review"Fermilab will be of interest to anyone curious about science and science policy." (Physics World) "Fermilab's story is well told and attractively framed in the book, a fitting capstone for the edifice of historical scholarship that the authors have erected over 30 years. Megascience requires 'megahistory,' and Hoddeson knows how to pioneer in that field." (Science)"

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Book SynopsisRecounts the history of the post-war conceptual development of elementary-particle physics. Inviting a reappraisal of the status of scientific knowledge, the text suggests that scientists are not mere passive observers and reporters of nature.

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Book SynopsisDescribes what the study of stars reveals about fundamental particle interactions, presenting the many uses of stellar astrophysics for research in basic particle physics. The text focuses primarily on the properties and nongravitational interactions of elementary particles.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments 1: The Energy-Loss Argument 2: Anomalous Stellar Energy Losses Bounded by Observations 3: Particles Interacting with Electrons and Baryons 4: Processes in a Nuclear Medium 5: Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bosons 6: Particle Dispersion and Decays in Media 7: Nonstandard Neutrinos 8: Neutrino Oscillations 9: Oscillations of Trapped Neutrinos 10: Solar Neutrinos 11: Supernova Neutrinos 12: Radiative Particle Decays from Distant Sources 13: What Have We Learned from SN 1987A? 14: Axions 15: Miscellaneous Exotica 16: Neutrinos: The Bottom Line App. A. Units and Dimensions App. B. Neutrino Coupling Constants App. C. Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rates App. D. Characteristics of Stellar Plasmas References Acronyms Symbols Subject Index

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