Particle and high-energy physics Books

Book SynopsisSuitable for readers who want to learn about the Newtonian $N$-body problem, this book contains simple explanations of the apparent 'looping' orbit of Mars and the unexpected 'Sunrise, Sunset' behavior as viewed from Mercury. It also covers the weird dynamics exhibited by Saturn's F-ring.Table of ContentsIntroduction Central configurations Finding central configurations Collisions-Both real and imaginary How likely is it? Bibliography Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book gives a balanced overview of the most important topics in experimental particle physics, including beams, targets, and particle detectors. First published in 1986, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Trade Review'Richard Fernow's Introduction to Experimental Particle Physics is an excellent step towards bridging the gap between the enormous amount of primary literature and the beginning graduate student or interested scientist.' NatureTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Electromagnetic interactions; 3. Nuclear interactions; 4. Particle beams; 5. Targets; 6. Fast electronics; 7. Scintillation counters; 8. Cerenkov counters; 9. Proportional chambers; 10. Drift chambers; 11. Sampling calorimeters; 12. Specialized detectors; 13. Triggers; 14. Detector systems; 15. Some fundamental measurements; Appendices; Author index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a self-contained introduction to D-branes, a key theoretical tool in understanding strongly coupled superstring theory and M-theory. A textbook for graduate courses on modern string theory and an indispensable reference for seasoned practitioners, this 2003 title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsList of inserts; Preface; 1. Overview and overture; 2. Relativistic strings; 3. A closer look at the world-sheet; 4. Strings on circles and T-duality; 5. Background fields and world-volume actions; 6. D-branes tension and boundary states; 7. Supersymmetric strings; 8. Supersymmetric strings and T-duality; 9. World-volume curvature couplings; 10. The geometry of D-branes; 11. Multiple D-branes and bound states; 12. Strong coupling and string duality; 13. D-branes and geometry I; 14. K3 orientifolds and compactification; 15. D-branes and geometry II; 16. Towards M- and F-theory; 17. D-branes and black holes; 18. D-branes, gravity and gauge theory; 19. The holographic renormalisation group; 20. Taking stock; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book summarizes major advances in critical solitons in supersymmetric theories, and their implications for understanding basic dynamical regularities of non-supersymmetric theories. First published in 2009, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction; Part I. Short Excursion: 2. Central charges in superalgebras; 3. The main building blocks; Part II. Long Journey: 4. Non-Abelian strings; 5. Less supersymmetry; 6. Non-BPS non-Abelian strings; 7. Strings on the Higgs branches; 8. Domain walls as D-brane prototypes; 9. Wall-string junctions; 10. Conclusions; Appendixes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisWritten by two of the most prominent leaders in particle physics, Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Fields provides a classroom-tested introduction to the formal and conceptual foundations of quantum field theory. Designed for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level physics students, the text only requires previous courses in classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics.The introductory chapters of the book summarise the theory of special relativity and its application to the classical description of the motion of a free particle and a field. The authors then explain the quantum formulation of field theory through the simple example of a scalar field described by the KleinGordon equation as well as its extension to the case of spin particles described by the Dirac equation. They also present the elements necessary for constructing the foundational theories of the standard model of electroweak interactions, namely quantum ele

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Book SynopsisThis book is written for students and scientists wanting to learn about the Standard Model of particle physics. Only an introductory course knowledge about quantum theory is needed. The text provides a pedagogical description of the theory, and incorporates the recent Higgs boson and top quark discoveries. With its clear and engaging style, this new edition retains its essential simplicity. Long and detailed calculations are replaced by simple approximate ones. It includes introductions to accelerators, colliders, and detectors, and several main experimental tests of the Standard Model are explained. Descriptions of some well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model prepare the reader for new developments. It emphasizes the concepts of gauge theories and Higgs physics, electroweak unification and symmetry breaking, and how force strengths vary with energy, providing a solid foundation for those working in the field, and for those who simply want to learn about the Standard Model.Trade Review'This updated version of the classic textbook serves as a concise and approachable introduction to the foundations of modern particle physics. After covering the basics of the Standard Model and the recently discovered Higgs boson, Kane continues introducing key topics in beyond the Standard Model physics, including Dark Matter and Supersymmetry. Kane is world renowned for his research as a particle physicist, and here he has written a modern and up-to-date introduction to the subject that will be valued by both the first-time student and the experienced researcher.' Scott Watson, Syracuse University, New York'Kane's enthusiasm for particle physics and the standard model that encompasses current understanding of the field shines throughout. His book follows a conceptual rather than historical trajectory, beginning with particles and units and continuing with symmetry and gauge theories into consideration of accelerators and evaluations of experimental results. The final chapters examine what physicists may find (if anything) beyond the standard model, including topics such as grand unification, dark matter, and supersymmetry. Several appendixes provide a deeper dive into the mathematical aspects of the theory (group theory and relativistic mechanics, to mention two). A sufficient amount of mathematics is included to move the book beyond a popular account of the standard model without putting it beyond reach of first-year graduate students. The work's length (just over 200 pages) will make it attractive to interested specialists from other fields and to professors teaching introductory courses in particle physics.' CHOICE'The second edition of Modern Elementary Particle Physics is a comprehensive overview of the Standard Model and the main experimental results that led to that theory and confirmed its predictions. … What may be most distinguishable about this textbook is the discussion of what is beyond the Standard Model physics in Chapters 23–26. Among many topics, it covers unifications of quarks and leptons, unification of forces, proton decay, neutrino masses, dark matter, and supersymmetry. … In summary, Modern Elementary Particle Physics is an approachable textbook for advanced undergraduates and good supplemental material for a particle-physics course.' Jarek Nowak, The ObservatoryTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Relativistic notation, Lagrangians, and interactions; 3. Gauge invariance; 4. Non-abelian gauge theories; 5. Dirac notation for spin; 6. The Standard Model Lagrangian; 7. The electroweak theory and quantum chromodynamics; 8. Masses and the Higgs mechanism; 9. Cross sections, decay widths, and lifetimes: W and Z decays; 10. Production and properties of W± and Zᴼ; 11. Measurement of electroweak and QCD parameters: the muon lifetime; 12. Accelerators - present and future; 13. Experiments and detectors; 14. Low energy and non-accelerator experiments; 15. Observation of the Higgs boson at the CERN LHC: is it the Higgs boson?; 16. Colliders and tests of the Standard Model: particles are pointlike; 17. Quarks and gluons, confinement and jets; 18. Hadrons, heavy quarks, and strong isospin invariance; 19. Coupling strengths depend on momentum transfer and on virtual particles; 20. Quark (and lepton) mixing angles; 21. CP violation; 22. Overview of physics beyond the Standard Model; 23. Grand unification; 24. Neutrino masses; 25. Dark matter; 26. Supersymmetry.

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Book SynopsisIs the universe fine-tuned for complexity, life, or something else? This comprehensive overview of fine-tuning arguments in physics, with contributions from leading researchers in their fields, sheds light on this often used but seldom understood topic. Each chapter reviews a specific subject in modern physics, such as dark energy, inflation, or solar system formation, and discusses whether any parameters in our current theories appear to be fine-tuned and, if so, to what degree. Connections and differences between these fine-tuning arguments are made clear, and detailed mathematical derivations of various fine-tuned parameters are given. This accessible yet precise introduction to fine-tuning in physics will aid students and researchers across astrophysics, atomic and particle physics and cosmology, as well as all those working at the intersections of physics and philosophy.Trade Review'… the questions posed here are of strong interest to many … Recommended' C. Palma, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse Mario Livio and Martin Rees; 2. Hierarchy of Fine-Structure Constants Bernard Carr; Part II. Cosmological Fine-Tunings: 3. Naturalness, fine-tuning, and observer selection in cosmology John A. Peacock; 4. Cosmic Inflation: Trick or Treat? Jerome Martin; 5. Is the Universal Matter- Anti-matter Asymmetry Fine tuned? Gary Steigman and Robert J. Scherrer; 6. Structure Formation Adrianne Slyz; Part III. Fine-tuning in Particle and Nuclear Physics: 7. Nuclear physics and its impact on primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis Jean-Philippe Uzan; 8. Fine-Tunings at Particle Scales Giulia Zanderighi; 9. Dark Matter Edward W. Kolb; Part IV. Fine-tuning for life: 10. Fine-tuning: from stars to galaxies formation Joseph Silk; 11. How Special Is the Solar System? Mario Livio; 12. On the Temporal Habitability of Our Universe; 13. Climbing up the theories of Nature: Fine-Tuning and Biological Molecules Abraham Loeb.

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Book SynopsisQuantum field theory (QFT), the language of particle physics, is crucial to a physicist''s graduate education. Based on lecture notes for courses taught for many years at Radboud University in the Netherlands, this book presents an alternative approach to teaching QFT using Feynman diagrams. A diagrammatic approach to understanding QFT exposes young physicists to an orthogonal introduction to the theory, bringing new ways to understand challenges in the field. Diagrammatic techniques using Feynman diagrams are used didactically, starting from simple discussions in lower dimensions to more complex topics in the Standard Model. Worked examples and exercises, for which solutions are available online, help the reader develop a deep understanding and intuition that enhances their problem-solving skills and understanding of QFT. Classroom-tested, this accessible book is valuable resource for graduate students and researchers.Trade Review'Highly recommended.' E. Kincanon, Choice MagazineTable of ContentsPreface. 1. QFT in zero dimensions; 2. Loop expansion and the effective action; 3. On renormalization; 4. More fields in zero dimensions; 5. QFT in Euclidean spaces; 6. QFT in Minkowski space; 7. Scattering processes; 8. Introduction to loop calculations; 9. More on renormalization; 10. Dirac particles; 11. Helicity techniques for Dirac particles; 12. Vector particles; 13. Quantum electrodynamics; 14. Higher-order effects in QED; 15. Quantum chromodynamics; 16. Higher-order effects in QCD; 17. Electroweak theory; 18. More example computations; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis collection of problems in Quantum Field Theory, accompanied by their complete solutions, aims to bridge the gap between learning the foundational principles and applying them practically. The carefully chosen problems cover a wide range of topics, starting from the foundations of Quantum Field Theory and the traditional methods in perturbation theory, such as LSZ reduction formulas, Feynman diagrams and renormalization. Separate chapters are devoted to functional methods (bosonic and fermionic path integrals; worldline formalism), to non-Abelian gauge theories (Yang-Mills theory, Quantum Chromodynamics), to the novel techniques for calculating scattering amplitudes and to quantum field theory at finite temperature (including its formulation on the lattice, and extensions to systems out of equilibrium). The problems range from those dealing with QFT formalism itself to problems addressing specific questions of phenomenological relevance, and they span a broad range in difficulty, for graduate students taking their first or second course in QFT.Trade Review'… a valuable bridge between textbook treatments and the modern literature and is an example of the type of volume often reported to be missing from the shelves. Libraries that serve universities teaching quantum field theory, or any institution with active research programs involving quantum field theory, should acquire this book ... Recommended.' M. C. Ogilvie, Choice ConnectTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Notations and Conventions; Part I. Quantum Field Theory Basics; Part II. Functional Methods; Part III. Non-Abelian Fields; Part IV. Scattering Amplitudes; Part V. Lattice, Finite T, Strong Fields; Index.

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Book SynopsisThoroughly classroom tested, this book applies scattering theory methods to modern problems within a variety of areas in advanced mathematics, quantum physics, and mathematical physics.Trade Review“The book is carefully written, features \complete and streamlined proofs", and some material, such as a novel justification of the \limiting amplitude principle", appears here for the first time.” (Zentralblatt MATH, 1 September 2015)Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgments xix Introduction xxi 1 Basic Concepts and Formulas 1 1 Distributions and Fourier transform 1 2 Functional spaces 3 2.1 Sobolev spaces 3 2.2 AgmonSobolev weighted spaces 4 2.3 Operatorvalued functions 5 3 Free propagator 6 3.1 Fourier transform 6 3.2 Gaussian integrals 8 2 Nonstationary Schrödinger Equation 11 4 Definition of solution 11 5 Schrödinger operator 14 5.1 A priori estimate 14 5.2 Hermitian symmetry 14 6 Dynamics for free Schrödinger equation 15 7 Perturbed Schrödinger equation 17 7.1 Reduction to integral equation 17 7.2 Contraction mapping 19 7.3 Unitarity and energy conservation 20 8 Wave and scattering operators 22 8.1 Möller wave operators. Cook method 22 8.2 Scattering operator 23 8.3 Intertwining identities 24 3 Stationary Schrödinger Equation 25 9 Free resolvent 25 9.1 General properties 25 9.2 Integral representation 28 10 Perturbed resolvent 31 10.1 Reduction to compact perturbation 31 10.2 Fredholm Theorem 32 10.3 Perturbation arguments 33 10.4 Continuous spectrum 35 10.5 Some improvements 36 4 Spectral Theory 37 11 Spectral representation 37 11.1 Inversion of Fourier-Laplace transform 37 11.2 Stationary Schrödinger equation 39 11.3 Spectral representation 39 11.4 Commutation relation 40 12 Analyticity of resolvent 41 13 Gohberg-Bleher theorem 43 14 Meromorphic continuation of resolvent 47 15 Absence of positive eigenvalues 50 15.1 Decay of eigenfunctions 50 15.2 Carleman estimates 54 15.3 Proof of Kato Theorem 56 5 High Energy Decay of Resolvent 59 16 High energy decay of free resolvent 59 16.1 Resolvent estimates 60 16.2 Decay of free resolvent 64 16.3 Decay of derivatives 65 17 High energy decay of perturbed resolvent 67 6 Limiting Absorption Principle 71 18 Free resolvent 71 19 Perturbed resolvent 77 19.1 The case λ > 0 77 19.2 The case λ = 0 78 20 Decay of eigenfunctions 81 20.1 Zero trace 81 20.2 Division problem 83 20.3 Negative eigenvalues 86 20.4 Appendix A: Sobolev Trace Theorem 86 20.5 Appendix B: SokhotskyPlemelj formula 87 7 Dispersion Decay 89 21 Proof of dispersion decay 90 22 Low energy asymptotics 92 8 Scattering Theory and Spectral Resolution 97 23 Scattering theory 97 23.1 Asymptotic completeness 97 23.2 Wave and scattering operators 99 23.3 Intertwining and commutation relations 99 24 Spectral resolution 101 24.1 Spectral resolution for the Schrödinger operator 101 24.2 Diagonalization of scattering operator 101 25 T Operator and SMatrix 1003 9 Scattering Cross Section 111 26 Introduction 111 27 Main results 117 28 Limiting Amplitude Principle 120 29 Spherical waves 121 30 Plane wave limit 125 31 Convergence of flux 127 32 Long range asymptotics 128 33 Cross section 131 10 Klein-Gordon Equation 133 35 Introduction 134 36 Free Klein-Gordon equation 137 36.1 Dispersion decay 137 36.2 Spectral properties 139 37 Perturbed Klein-Gordon equation 143 37.1 Spectral properties 143 37.2 Dispersion decay 145 38 Asymptotic completeness 149 11 Wave equation 151 39 Introduction 152 40 Free wave equation 154 40.1 Time-decay 154 40.2 Spectral properties 155 41 Perturbed wave equation 158 41.1 Spectral properties 158 41.2 Dispersion decay 160 42 Asymptotic completeness 163 43 Appendix: Sobolev embedding theorem 165 References 167 Index 172

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Book SynopsisChoice Recommended Title, July 2020Bringing together material scattered across many disciplines, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors provides readers with a consolidated source of information on the properties of a wide range of semiconductors; their growth, characterization and the fabrication of radiation sensors with emphasis on the X- and gamma-ray regimes. It explores the promise and limitations of both the traditional and new generation of semiconductors and discusses where the future in semiconductor development and radiation detection may lie. The purpose of this book is two-fold; firstly to serve as a text book for those new to the field of semiconductors and radiation detection and measurement, and secondly as a reference book for established researchers working in related disciplines within physics and engineering. Features: The only comprehensive book covering this topic FTrade Review"In this work, Owens (Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Republic) offers an up-to-date, encyclopedic assessment of modern radiation detection. Following a succinct historical retelling of the discovery of radiation and radiation detectors in chapter 1, chapters 2 and 3 present an exhaustive review of solid state physics at the upper-division undergraduate level, similar to material encountered in a one-semester course using C. Kittel’s Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed., 2005). However, Owens prefers to use the relevant quantum mechanical results (e.g., Bloch functions) rather than their derivations. The core of this volume discusses in detail the materials, fabrication, and characterization of semiconductor devices, including growth techniques and contact characteristics (electrode deposition), going far beyond the typical silicon and gallium arsenide examples. The final chapter explores the future of detector materials including nanoscintillators and biological detectors, as well as radiation detection using spintronics. The addition of extensive references after each chapter and a useful set of appendixes (including calibration sources and a handy table of radionuclides) assures that this volume is well suited for senior engineering and physics students and researchers alike. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty and professionals. —J. F. Burkhart, emeritus, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs" Table of Contents1. Introduction to Radiation and Its Detection: An Historical Perspective 2. Semiconductors 3. Crystal Structure 4. Growth Techniques 5. Contacting Systems 6. Detector Fabrication 7. Detector Characterization 8. Radiation Detection and Measurement 9. Materials Used for General Radiation Detection 10. Current Materials Used for Neutron Detection 11. Performance Limiting Factors 12. Improving Performance 13. Future Directions in Radiation Detection Appendix A: Supplementary Reference Material and Further Reading List Appendix B: Table of Physical Constants Appendix C: Units and Conversions Appendix D: Periodic Table of the Elements Appendix E: Properties of the Elements Appendix F: General Properties of Semiconducting Materials Appendix G: Radiation Environments Appendix H: Table of Radioactive Calibration Sources

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Book SynopsisHelping readers understand the complicated laws of nature, Advanced Particle Physics Volume I: Particles, Fields, and Quantum Electrodynamics explains the calculations, experimental procedures, and measuring methods of particle physics. It also describes modern physics devices, including accelerators, elementary particle detectors, and neutrino telescopes. The book first introduces the mathematical basis of modern quantum field theory. It presents the most pertinent information on group theory, proves Noetherâs theorem, and determines the major motion integrals connected with both space and internal symmetry. The second part on fundamental interactions and their unifications discusses the main theoretical preconditions and experiments that allow for matter structure to be established at the quark-lepton level. In the third part, the author investigates the secondary quantized theories of free fields with spin 0, 1/2, and 1, with particular emphasis on the neutrino field. The final part focuses on quantum electrodynamics, the first successfully operating quantum field theory. Along with different renormalization schemes of quantum field theory, the author covers the calculation methods for polarized and unpolarized particles, with and without inclusion of radiative corrections. Each part in this volume contains problems to help readers master the calculation techniques and generalize the results obtained. To improve understanding of the computation procedures in quantum field theory, the majority of the calculations have been performed without dropping complex intermediate steps.Table of ContentsMATHEMATICAL PRELUDE: Relativistic Invariance. Three-Dimensional World. The Four-Dimensional Minkowski Space. Lagrangian Formulation of Field Theory. Discrete Symmetry Operations. BIRD’S-EYE VIEW ON MICROWORLD: Fundamental Interactions. Atoms — Nuclei — Nucleons. From Muon to Gluon. Hadron Families. Quark "Atoms". Passing Glance on Theory of Electroweak Interaction. Fundamental Particles of Standard Model. Technical Equipments of Particle Physics. QUANTUM IDYLL — FREE FIELDS: Scalar Field. Particles with Spin 1/2. Massive Vector Field. Electromagnetic Field. QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: S-Matrix. Transmission of γ-Radiation through Matter. Scattering of Electrons and Positrons. Radiative Corrections. Renormalization Theory. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisHelping readers understand the complicated laws of nature, Advanced Particle Physics Volume II: The Standard Model and Beyond explains the calculations, experimental procedures, and measuring methods of particle physics, particularly quantum chromodynamics (QCD). It also discusses extensions to the Standard Model and the physics of massive neutrinos. Divided into three parts, this volume begins with QCD. It explains the quantization scheme using functional integrals and investigates renormalization problems. The book also calculates cross sections of basic hard processes and covers nonperturbative methods, such as the lattice approach and QCD vacuum. The next part focuses on electroweak interactions, in which the author describes the GlashowâWeinbergâSalam theory and presents composite models and a left-right symmetric model as extensions to the Standard Model. The book concludes with chapters on massive neutrino physics that cover neutrino properties, neutrino oscillation in vacuum and matter, and solar and atmospheric neutrinos.Table of ContentsQUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS: Canonical Quantization. Formalism of Functional Integration. Renormalization and Unitarity. Asymptotical Freedom. Chiral Symmetries. Anomalies. Hard Processes in QCD. Lattice QCD. Quark-Gluon Plasma. QCD Vacuum. QCD Experimental Status. ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS: Glashow–Weinberg–Salam Theory. Physics beyond the Standard Model. NEUTRINO PHYSICS: Neutrino Properties. Neutrino Oscillation in Vacuum. Neutrino Oscillation in Matter. Solar Neutrinos. Atmospheric Neutrinos. Results and Perspectives.

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Book SynopsisWritten for a two-semester Master''s or graduate course, this comprehensive treatise intertwines theory and experiment in an original approach that covers all aspects of modern particle physics. The author uses rigorous step-by-step derivations and provides more than 100 end-of-chapter problems for additional practice to ensure that students will not only understand the material but also be able to apply their knowledge. Featuring up-to-date experimental material, including the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN and of neutrino oscillations, this monumental volume also serves as a one-stop reference for particle physics researchers of all levels and specialties. Richly illustrated with more than 450 figures, the text guides students through all the intricacies of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory in an intuitive manner that few books achieve.Trade Review'This is the text I wish I had when studying advanced particle physics! Comprehensive and pedagogical, it can be adapted to most courses on the subject by selecting the relevant material. Rubbia's book will in my opinion become a valuable reference for the scientific libraries of instructors, students, and researchers.' Alessandro Cerri, University of Sussex'This book is an ideal and complete particle physics textbook for Ph.D. students and postdocs. I have not seen any other textbook as comprehensive as this one. It addresses both the phenomenology of particle physics and quantum field theory, along with the history and experiments. It will show you how wonderful and exciting particle physics can be.' Nakaya Tsuyoshi, Kyoto University'This textbook is excellent because it comprehensively summarizes the phenomenology and experiments of particle physics, including the latest results. When I was young, I wanted to come across a book like this.' Takaaki Kajita, University of TokyoTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction and notation; 2. Basic concepts; 3. Overview of accelerators and detectors; 4. Non-relativistic quantum mechanics; 5. Relativistic formulation and kinematics; 6. The Lagrangian formalism; 7. Free boson fields; 8. Free fermion dirac fields; 9. Interacting fields and propagator theory; 10. Quantum electrodynamics (QED); 11. Computations in QED; 12. QED radiative corrections; 13. Tests of QED at high energy; 14. Tests of QED at low energy; 15. Hadrons; 16. Electron-proton scattering; 17. Partons; 18. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD); 19. Experimental tests of QCD; 20. Heavy quarks: charm and bottom; 21. Neutrinos and the three lepton families; 22. Parity violation in weak interactions; 23. The weak charged current interaction; 24. Gauge field theories and spontaneous symmetry breaking; 25. The electroweak theory; 26. Computations in the electroweak theory; 27. Experimental tests of the electroweak theory; 28. Neutrino-nucleon interactions; 29. Completing the standard model; 30. Flavor oscillations and CP violation; 31. Beyond the standard model; 32. Outlook; Appendix A Mathematical and calculus tools; Appendix B. Linear algebra tools; Appendix C. Notions of non-relativistic quantum mechanics; Appendix D. Lorentz transformations and 4D mathematical tools; Appendix E. Dirac matrices and trace theorems; Appendix F. Some tools to compute higher order diagrams; Appendix G. Statistics; Appendix H. Monte-Carlo techniques; Textbooks; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics familiarizes readers with what is considered tested and accepted and in so doing, gives them a grounding in particle physics in general. Whenever possible, Dr. Mann takes an historical approach showing how the model is linked to the physics that most of us have learned in less challenging areas. Dr. Mann reviews special relativity and classical mechanics, symmetries, conservation laws, and particle classification; then working from the tested paradigm of the model itself, he: Describes the Standard Model in terms of its electromagnetic, strong, and weak components Explores the experimental tools and methods of particle physics Introduces Feynman diagrams, wave equations, and gauge invariance, building up to the theory of Quantum Electrodynamics Describes the theories of the Strong and Electroweak interactions Uncovers frontier areas and explores what might lie bTrade Review… thoroughly recommended for a final-year specialist or first-year postgraduate study level especially for those engaged in experimental high energy physics research. The author has performed an excellent service in making accessible the language and results of field theory applied to elementary particle physics.—John J. Quenby, Contemporary Physics, 52, 2011 The first chapter shows how clearly the author can write and even though the subject matter gets more complex through the book, the clarity continues. … giv[es] readers greater insights into how the maths and the reality match (or don’t match!) and hopefully exciting them into further consideration of what may be ‘hidden behind the curtain’. … while most of the book is limited to final year and postgraduate students, the first and last chapters of the book should be accessible to any interested reader wanting to understand the present knowledge and future directions of particle physics. The author has intended the book to be used as a course of study … he has used the material himself in this way with success for two decades. … Every chapter ends with … well thought out, relevant questions …—Jack McArdle, Reviews, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2010 Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. Further Reading. Introduction and Overview. A Review of Special Relativity. Symmetries. Conservation Laws. Particle Classfication. Discrete Symmetries. Accelerators. Detectors.Scattering. A Toy Theory. Wave Equations for Elementary Particles. Gauge Invariance. Quantum Electrodynamics. Testing QED. From Nuclei to Quarks. The Quark Model. Testing the Quark Model. Heavy Quarks and QCD. From Beta Decay to Weak Interactions. Charged Leptonic Weak Interactions. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks and Leptons. Electroweak Unfication. Electroweak Symmetry Breaking. Testing Electroweak Theory. Beyond the Standard Model. Notation and Conventions. Kronecker Delta and Levi-Civita Symbols. Dirac Delta-Functions. Pauli and Dirac Matrices. Cross-Sections and Decay Rates. Clebsch-Gordon Coefficients. Fundamental Constants. Properties of Elementary Particles. Feynman Rules for the Standard Model. The Large Hadron Rap.

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Book SynopsisAn insider's history of the world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider: why it was built, how it works, and the importance of what it has revealed. Since 2008 scientists have conducted experiments in a hyperenergized, 17-mile supercollider beneath the border of France and Switzerland. The Large Hadron Collider (or what scientists call the LHC) is one of the wonders of the modern worlda highly sophisticated scientific instrument designed to re-create in miniature the conditions of the universe as they existed in the microseconds following the big bang. Among many notable LHC discoveries, one led to the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics for revealing evidence of the existence of the Higgs boson, the so-called God particle. Picking up where he left off in The Quantum Frontier, physicist Don Lincoln shares an insider's account of the LHC's operational history and gives readers everything they need to become well informed on this marvel of technology. Writing about the LHC'Trade ReviewThe book is a fast read brimming with personality. Reading about the Large Hadron Collider, with its spinning particle streams, hypercontrolled collisions, and awesome implications, is like learning about what wizards do.—Foreword ReviewsLincoln's tales of the LHC . . . offer readers fresh insight into some of the most significant research in modern physics.—Publishers WeeklyLaypersons interested in the building blocks of the universe and/or the newsworthy LHC will learn a lot from this work and enjoy the process.—Library JournalPhysics blends with some amazing stories of the Higgs boson and other details in a powerful scientific survey packed with insights that are both scientifically detailed and widely accessible to general-interest readers.—California BookwatchThis engaging story will be appreciated by readers interested in the frontiers of science . . . Highly recommended.—ChoiceWritten in accessible language and an engaging manner . . . I was pleased to see how Lincoln's sense of humor. . . lightens what might otherwise be a tedious enumeration of technical details.—MetascienceTable of ContentsPrefaceAcknowledgments1. Beginnings and Building Blocks2. Stuff We Already Know3. Accelerators and the LHC4. Incredible Detectors5. Teething Pains and Triumphs6. The Dramatic Higgs Saga7. Looking for Something New8. The Future Is Bright!Suggested ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisTrade Review[Yunger Halpern] reimagines 19th-century thermodynamics through a modern, quantum lens, playing with the aesthetics of the 1800s through trains, dirigibles and horseless carriages. It is a physics book, but one that is as likely to attract readers of science fiction as those of popular science.—Simon Ings, NewScientistAt this moment when quantum theory is being applied, nonexperts will find this guide helpful.—Harvard MagazineQuantum Steampunk is probably the best plain English explanation of quantum physics you'll find anywhere. Dr. Halpern uses illustrations, whimsical descriptions, and humor.—Quantum ZeitgeistAn entertaining book... that explains the essence and secrets of the many facets of quantum thermodynamics in layman's terms....By adding literary flair to otherwise dry technical content, Yunger Halpern masterfully conveys in simple terms the variety of complex ideas that characterize the different subfields of quantum thermodynamics.—Physics Today[Yunger Halpern] combines fragments of a yet-to-be-written steampunk novel with her personal and technical accounts of coming of age in the modern era of quantum thermodynamics.This optimistic, balanced view of modern quantum research, emphasizing fundamentals and minimizing hype, is a good introduction for the general scientific-minded reader.—Charles Clark, NIST ConnectionsTable of ContentsPrologue. Once upon a time in physicsChapter 1. Information theory: Of passwords and probabilitiesChapter 2. Quantum physics: Everything at once, or, one thing at a time?Chapter 3. Quantum computation: Everything at onceChapter 4. Thermodynamics: "May I drive?"Chapter 5. A fine merger: Thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physicsChapter 6. The physics of yesterday's tomorrow: The landscape of quantum steampunkChapter 7. Pedal to the metal: Quantum thermal machinesChapter 8. Tick tock: Quantum clocksChapter 9. Unsteady as she goes: Fluctuation relationsChapter 10. Entropy, energy, and a tiny possibility: One-shot thermodynamicsChapter 11. Resource theories: A ha'penny of a quantum stateChapter 12. The unseen kingdom: When quantum observables don't cooperateChapter 13. All over the map: Rounding out our tourChapter 14. Stepping off the map: Quantum steampunk crosses bordersEpilogue. Where to next? The future of quantum steampunkAcknowledgmentsGlossaryReferencesIndex

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Book SynopsisIn these volumes, the most significant of the collected papers of the Chinese-American theoretical physicist Tsung-Dao Lee are printed. At the beginning of each of the first eight categories of papers, there is a commentary on the content and significance of all of the papers in the category.Table of Contents(Volume 1).- I. Weak Interactions.- Commentary.- [1] Interaction of Mesons with Nucleons and Light Particles.- [29] Capture of µ? Mesons by Protons.- [30] Possible Nonlocal Effects in µ Decay.- [31] General Partial Wave Analysis of the Decay of a Hyperon of Spin 1/2.- [33] Theoretical Implications of Parity Violations in Beta Interactions.- [35] Possible Determination of the Spin of ?0 from Its Large Decay Angular Asymmetry.- [36] Effect of the Hyperfine Splitting of a µ? Mesic Atom on Its Lifetime.- [38] Weak Interactions and Nonconservation of Parity.- [50] Theoretical Discussions on Possible High Energy Neutrino Experiments.- [51] Implications of the Intermediate Boson Basis of the Weak Interactions: Existence of a Quartet of Intermediate Bosons and Their Dual Isotopic Spin Transformation Properties.- [53] Elementary Particles.- [56] Production Cross Section of Intermediate Bosons by Neutrinos in the Coulomb Field of Protons and Iron.- [58] High-energy Neutrino Experiments.- [60] High-energy Neutrino Reactions without Production of Intermediate Bosons.- [61] A Theory of Charged Vector Mesons Interacting with the Electromagnetic Field.- [62] Application of ?-Limiting Process to Intermediate Bosons.- [62a] Errata to “Application of ?-Limiting Process to Intermediate Bosons”.- [67] Intensity of Upward Muon Flux Due to Cosmic Ray Neutrinos Produced in the Atmosphere.- [68] Electromagnetic Form Factor of the Neutrinos.- [70] A Possible Method of Determining the Moment of Charge of the ve.- [71] Radiative Corrections to Electromagnetic Moments and Leptonic Decays of the Intermediate Boson W.- [84] Weak Interactions (Chapters 1–7).- [95] Weak Interactions (Chapters 8–9).- [95a] Corrections to “Weak Interactions” (Chapters 1–9).- [115] Analysis of Divergences in a Neutral-Spin-1-Meson Theory with Parity-Nonconserving Interactions.- [124] Remarks on the $$\left| {\Delta \vec{I}} \right|{\text{ = }}\frac{1}{2}$$ Rule in Nonleptonic Weak Decays.- [138] High Energy Electromagnetic and Weak Interaction Processes.- II. Early Papers on Astrophysics and Hydrodynamics.- Commentary.- [2] Hydrogen Content and Energy-productive Mechanism of White Dwarfs.- [3] Note on the Coefficient of Eddy Viscosity in Isotopic Turbulence.- [5] Difference between Turbulence in a Two-dimensional Fluid and in a Three-dimensional Fluid.- III. Statistical Mechanics.- Commentary.- [7] Statistical Theory of Equations of State and Phase Transitions. I. Theory of Condensation.- [8] Statistical Theory of Equations of State and Phase Transitions. II. Lattice Gas and Ising Model.- [23] Many-body Problem in Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Statistical Mechanics.- [26] Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of a Bose System of Hard Spheres and Its Low-temperature Properties.- [42] Low-temperature Behavior of a Dilute Bose System of Hard Spheres. I. Equilibrium Properties.- [43] Low-temperature Behavior of a Dilute Bose System of Hard Spheres. II. Non-equilibrium Properties.- [44] Possible Determination of the Helicity of Elementary Excitations in Liquid He II.- [45] Many-body Problem in Quantum Statistical Mechanics. I. General Formulation.- [46] Many-body Problem in Quantum Statistical Mechanics. II. Virial Expansion for Hard-sphere Gas.- [47] Many-body Problem in Quantum Statistical Mechanics. III. Zero-temperature Limit for Dilute Hard Spheres.- [48] Many-body Problem in Quantum Statistical Mechanics. IV. Formulation in Terms of Average Occupation Number in Momentum Space.- [49] Many-body Problem in Quantum Statistical Mechanics. V. Degenerate Phase in Bose—Einstein Condensation.- IV. Polarons and Solitons.- Commentary.- [9] Motion of Slow Electrons in Polar Crystals.- [10] The Motion of Slow Electrons in Polar Crystals.- [11] Interaction of a Nonrelativistic Particle with a Scalar Field with Application to Slow Electrons in Polar Crystals.- [157] Quantum Expansion of Soliton Solutions.- [159] A Class of Scalar-field Soliton Solutions in Three Space Dimensions.- [162] Gauge-field Nontopological Solitons in Three Space Dimensions. I.- [163] Gauge-field Nontopological Solitons in Three Space Dimensions. II.- [164] Nontopological Solitons.- [165] Fermion-field Nontopological Solitons. I.- [167] Fermion-field Nontopological Solitons. II. Models for Hadrons.- [168] Nontopological Solitons and Applications to Hadrons.- Permissions.

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Book SynopsisFundamental does for physics what Tim''s first book, Elemental, does for chemistry: it demystifies the topic in his trademark humorous, engaging style, including the most recent developments in the field.At the start of the twentieth century, science appeared complete and the laws of nature were almost all discovered, but then we woke a sleeping giant - we discovered quantum mechanics. In the quantum realm, objects can be in two places at once. It''s a place where time travel is not only possible, but necessary. It''s a place where cause and effect can happen in reverse and observing something changes its state. From parallel universes to antimatter, quantum mechanics has revealed that when you get right down to it, the laws of nature are insane. The scientist J. B. S. Haldane once said, ''Reality is not only stranger than we imagine . . . it''s stranger than we can imagine.'' Never is this more true than with quantum mechanics; our best, most recenTrade ReviewA hugely entertaining tour of the periodic table and the 118 elements that are the basic building blocks of everything. - Daily Mail

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Book SynopsisIs it possible to build a star on earth?When asked what problem he hoped scientists will have solved by the end of the century, Professor Stephen Hawking replied ''I would like nuclear fusion to become a practical power source. It would provide an inexhaustible supply of energy, without pollution or global warming.'' But what is nuclear fusion, and could it really be the answer to the climate emergency? Fusion exists already in the stars that fill our universe with light, but can we harness that power here on earth? This is the question The Star Builders seeks to answer. In his compelling new book, Dr Arthur Turrell makes the case for cutting-edge new techniques in nuclear energy - innovations that would allow us to recreate the power of the stars on our own planet. Filled with the remarkable stories of the scientists and entrepreneurs who have dedicated their lives to a seemingly impossible dream, The Star Builders is an unmissable insight into the future of life - aTrade ReviewA gobsmackingly good read... Turrell's portraits of the undaunted star-building scientists who are trying to make fusion a reality are not just compelling but, dare I say it, fun. I learned a lot by reading this book. You will, too. * Robert Bryce, author of A Question of Power: Electricity and the Wealth of Nations *The Star Builders surveys this vibrant frontier of science and technology clearly and realistically. It brings a timely, hopeful message. * Frank Wilczek, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics and author of Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality *Incredibly readable and entertaining. The book's first-hand accounts of what is occurring inside fusion startups are especially enthralling. Turrell skillfully tells the fascinating story of the personalities, science, and technology that have brought this fledging industry to the point of takeoff. * Jason Parisi, coauthor of The Future of Fusion Energy *Painstakingly researched. Turrell gives us a front-row seat to the hard-fought race for fusion, and he offers convincing reasons for optimism. In fact, he shows us a galaxy of effort being directed toward 'building a star.' * James Mahaffey, PhD, author of Atomic Adventures *Arthur Turrell captures the excitement of the race to produce the first commercial fusion energy-perhaps the most important technological race of all. * Sir Steve Cowley, director of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory *The Star Builders is realistic and positive - an interesting snapshot of the current situation and key players * Nature *

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Book SynopsisFor graduate students unfamiliar with particle physics, An Introductory Course of Particle Physics teaches the basic techniques and fundamental theories related to the subject. It gives students the competence to work out various properties of fundamental particles, such as scattering cross-section and lifetime. The book also gives a lucid summary of the main ideas involved. In giving students a taste of fundamental interactions among elementary particles, the author does not assume any prior knowledge of quantum field theory. He presents a brief introduction that supplies students with the necessary tools without seriously getting into the nitty-gritty of quantum field theory, and then explores advanced topics in detail. The book then discusses group theory, and in this case the author assumes that students are familiar with the basic definitions and properties of a group, and even SU(2) and its representations. With this foundation established, he goes on to discuss Trade Review"… a pedagogical, thorough, and enjoyable introduction to this fascinating subject. … a carefully written textbook on the Standard Model in the post-LHC era, at the level of a graduate-level course. … Theorists and phenomenologists with an interest in particle physics would also do well to acquire a copy. … The biggest strength of this book is its pedagogical clarity. … Apart from the pedagogical value for novices, the later chapters of the book are interesting for active high-energy physicists as well … as a textbook, Palash Pal’s tome on particle physics is accessibly written for serious beginning students, and is a great addition to the bookshelves of seasoned scientists interested in the phenomenological foundations of the Standard Model."—Current Science, April 2015Table of ContentsThe Scope of Particle Physics. Relativistic Kinematics. Symmetrics and Groups. A Brisk Tour of Quantum Field Theory. Quantum Electrodynamics. Parity and Charge Conjugation. Time Reversal and CPT Symmetries. Isospin. Discovering Particles. SU (3) Quark Model. Nonabelian Gauge Theories. Quantum Chromodynamics. Structure of Hadrons. Fermi Theory of Weak Interactions. Spontaneious Symmetry Breaking. Standard Electroweak Model with Leptons. Electroweak Interaction of Hadrons. Global Symmetries of the Standard Model. Bosons of the Standard Model. Hadrons Involving Heavy Quark Flavors. CP Violation. Neutrino Mass and Lepton Mixing. Beyond the Standard Model. Appendices.

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Book SynopsisPhysics World''s ''Book of the Year'' for 2016 An Entertaining and Enlightening Guide to the Who, What, and Why of String Theory, now also available in an updated reflowable electronic format compatible with mobile devices and e-readers.During the last 50 years, numerous physicists have tried to unravel the secrets of string theory. Yet why do these scientists work on a theory lacking experimental confirmation?Why String Theory? provides the answer, offering a highly readable and accessible panorama of the who, what, and why of this large aspect of modern theoretical physics. The author, a theoretical physics professor at the University of Oxford and a leading string theorist, explains what string theory is and where it originated. He describes how string theory fits into physics and why so many physicists and mathematicians find it appealing when working on topics from M-theory to monsters and from cosmology to superconducTrade Review"There is no direct experimental evidence for string theory. And yet it is one of the biggest games in town. So why do physicists study it and what is it? To answer these questions you need an insider like Conlon, the perfect guide to lead you into the mysterious world of vibrating strings and multidimensional space. Why String Theory? wonderfully unwraps the science, history and philosophy behind one of the most challenging theories of the twenty-first century." —Marcus du Sautoy, Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science, University of Oxford, UK, and Author of The Music of the Primes"Joe Conlon has taken on the formidable task of explaining string theory, one of the great theoretical developments of the late 20th century. Building on the successes of fundamental particle physics and general relativity, string theory attempts to dig deeper into reality and to come up with a more consistent and mathematically powerful approach to how the universe works. With remarkable clarity and clear prose, Conlon assembles the edifice of string theory in a way that makes it clear why it is such an important intellectual endeavour. He offers a balanced account of its successes and failures and presents a robust response to the critics of string theory. This is a timely, intelligent, and exciting book that describes the joy and pain of working at the frontiers of theoretical physics."—Pedro Ferreira, Author of The Perfect Theory, and Professor of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, UK"A very engaging and up-to-date discussion of string theory that describes its main goals and achievements. It includes the history of how it was developed, with its interesting twists and turns. The surprising connections with other areas of physics and mathematics are clearly explained. Highly recommended for a lay reader with an interest in fundamental physics."—Juan Maldacena, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA"This is arguably the most compelling set of arguments to explain why string theory has been so attractive to several generations of theoretical physicists in the past three decades despite the lack of experimental evidence. It is written not only with the passion of a practitioner and the broad knowledge and fresh mind of an accomplished young Oxford professor but also with an effort to be understood by enthusiasts of popular science, either young students with an interest in science, researchers in other fields, or the general public. The author introduces subjects with original, witty, and often funny arguments, without offending the intelligence of the reader. Besides being an excellent introduction to string theory, the book is also a unified presentation of the latest developments and open questions in fundamental physics, covering the importance of the basic building blocks of nature, including the recent Higgs discovery, to the latest developments in astrophysics, early universe cosmology, and black hole physics, as well as apparently unrelated subjects such as material science and superconductivity. It also addresses the standard criticisms of string theory and provides honest and thoughtful answers while recognising the weak points and open challenges. In addition, it emphasises the fact that string theory is not only a theory of gravity at the microscopic level but the most ambitious theory ever devised that encompasses all particles and interactions in a consistent manner and deserves to be explored by the most inquisitive and curious minds."—Fernando Quevedo, Director ICTP, Trieste, Italy, and Professor of Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, UK "In this book, Professor Conlon has provided—as he promises in his preface—an astonishingly clear tour of modern physics. It is hard to think of a better, clearer, or wittier review, and one that will be particularly useful to science undergraduates curious as to where their field is heading. School students who have done some reading around the subject (e.g., who have read books by Brian Greene) might also find this work of great value. It’s highly recommended."—Nigel Seel on his blog Wading Through Treacle, January 2016"Conlon is a lively, entertaining writer … [he] does a great job of explaining the point of view of typical physicists now working on string theory. He also very ably explains the ‘sociology’ of the field, the different kinds of people who work in this area and their varying sorts of goals and motivations. … I recommend [the book] highly to anyone who cares about these issues."—Peter Woit on his blog Not Even Wrong, December 2015Table of ContentsWhy?: The Long Wait. Scales of Science: Little and Large. Big Lessons of Physics. The Truth Is Out There. What?: What Was String Theory? What Is String Theory? What For?: Direct Experimental Evidence for String Theory. Why Strings? Quantum Field Theory. Why Strings? Mathematics. Why Strings? Cosmology and Particle Physics. Why Strings? Quantum Gravity. Who?: A Thousand Flowers Blooming: Styles of Science. #EpicFail? Criticisms of String Theory. Why String Theory?

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Book SynopsisDROPOUT. PACIFIST. PHYSICIST. CASANOVA. REFUGEE. REBEL. GENIUS.THINK YOU KNOW EINSTEIN? THINK AGAINHis face is instantly recognisable. His name is shorthand for genius. Today, he's a figurehead as much as a man, symbolic of things larger than himself: of scientific progress, of the human mind, even of the age. But who was Einstein really?The Nobel Prize-winning physicist who discovered relativity, black holes and E = mc2, dined with Charlie Chaplin in Hollywood and was the inspiration for (highly radioactive) element 99, Albert Einstein was also a high school dropout with an FBI file 1,400 pages long.In this book, Samuel Graydon brings history's most famous scientist back to life. From his lost daughter to escaping the Nazis, from his love letters to unlikely inventions, from telling jokes to cheer up his sad parrot Bibo to refusing the Presidency of Israel, through the discoveries and thought experiments that changed science, Einstein in Time and Space tells 99 unforgettable stories of the man who redefined how we view our universe and our place within it.Trade ReviewIlluminating * Nature *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up * Mail on Sunday *A masterful biography and a hugely entertaining read * i Paper *An intriguing, mosaic-like portrait of the great physicist * Literary Review *A great biography. Einstein is not treated as an unknowable genius, but as a flawed individual with interesting stories . . . an incredibly enjoyable read * Sky At Night *A fresh take . . . compelling and beautifully written. Enhances our understanding of both a great scientist and an exemplary humanist * Wall Street Journal *An immensely readable work about the man himself, collected into 99 short, mostly two-page, chapters, exploring his scientific ideas, quoting his letters, and telling many revealing anecdotes. * Church Times *Gems about this icon of modern physics continue to be written because he is such a rich subject, with more original sources referring to him becoming public every year. Still, it does take a new angle on Einstein to get publishers and reviewers excited. Samuel Graydon has achieved just that. * Physics World *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm -- Andrew Robinson, author of EINSTEIN: A HUNDRED YEARS OF RELATIVITY * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up. * Mail on Sunday *

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Book SynopsisDROPOUT. PACIFIST. PHYSICIST. CASANOVA. REFUGEE. REBEL. GENIUS.THINK YOU KNOW EINSTEIN? THINK AGAINHis face is instantly recognisable. His name is shorthand for genius. Today, he's a figurehead as much as a man, symbolic of things larger than himself: of scientific progress, of the human mind, even of the age. But who was Einstein really?The Nobel Prize-winning physicist who discovered relativity, black holes and E = mc2, dined with Charlie Chaplin in Hollywood and was the inspiration for (highly radioactive) element 99, Albert Einstein was also a high school dropout with an FBI file 1,400 pages long.In this book, Samuel Graydon brings history's most famous scientist back to life. From his lost daughter to escaping the Nazis, from his love letters to unlikely inventions, from telling jokes to cheer up his sad parrot Bibo to refusing the Presidency of Israel, through the discoveries and thought experiments that changed science, Einstein in Time and Space tells 99 unforgettable stories of the man who redefined how we view our universe and our place within it.Trade ReviewIlluminating * Nature *A mosaic biography of an exceptional scientist . . . [pieced together] with illuminating skill, style, candour and charm * TLS *For all the thousands of biographies previously written of him, I think Graydon has done a fine and often fascinating job here, and anyone with an interest in science and scientists will absolutely lap this up * Mail on Sunday *A masterful biography and a hugely entertaining read * i Paper *An intriguing, mosaic-like portrait of the great physicist * Literary Review *A great biography. Einstein is not treated as an unknowable genius, but as a flawed individual with interesting stories . . . an incredibly enjoyable read * Sky At Night *A fresh take . . . compelling and beautifully written. Enhances our understanding of both a great scientist and an exemplary humanist * Wall Street Journal *An immensely readable work about the man himself, collected into 99 short, mostly two-page, chapters, exploring his scientific ideas, quoting his letters, and telling many revealing anecdotes. * Church Times *Gems about this icon of modern physics continue to be written because he is such a rich subject, with more original sources referring to him becoming public every year. Still, it does take a new angle on Einstein to get publishers and reviewers excited. Samuel Graydon has achieved just that. * Physics World *

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Book SynopsisAs you read this, billions of neutrinos from the sun are passing through your body, antimatter is sprouting from your dinner and the core of your being is a chaotic mess of particles known only as quarks and gluons.If the recent discovery of the Higgs boson piqued your interest, then Why The Universe Exists will take you deeper into the world of particle physics, with leading physicists and New Scientist exploring how the universe functions at the smallest scales. Find out about hunt for dark matter and why there is something rather than nothing. Discover how accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland are rewinding time to the first moments after the big bang, and how ghostly neutrino particles may hold the answers to the greatest mysteries of the universe. ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.

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Book SynopsisThe meaning of "quark matter" is twofold: 1) It refers to compound states known as "subquarks" (the most fundamental constituents of matter), with quarks consisting of nuclear matter or "nucleons" (the constituents of the nucleus), and 2) compound states of quarks that consist of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks, and which may be absolutely stable. Recently, both types of quark matter have become very intriguing subjects in physics and astronomy since the recently discovered Higgs boson, which may be taken as a composite object (possibly, a bound state of subquark-antisubquark pairs). Additionally, many recently observed compact stars have been considered "strange stars" (stars consisting of quark matter). In this book, these subjects in physics and astronomy are discussed without requiring readers to comprehend mathematical details. This book consists of three chapters: Chapter One: "Quark Matter and Strange Stars", Chapter Two: "Composites of Subquarks as Quark Matter", and Chapter Three: "Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Strange Stars". Their contents include the following: In Chapter One, quark matter and strange stars are discussed in detail. In Chapter Two, the unified subquark model of all fundamental particles (quarks, leptons, and gauge and Higgs bosons) and forces (strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces) is discussed in detail. In Chapter Three, pregeometry, in which the general theory of relativity for gravity can be derived as an approximate theory at long distances, is briefly reviewed. Furthermore, special and general theories of "inconstancy" in pregeometry in which fundamental physical constants may vary are introduced. Finally, possible solutions to the most puzzling problem in current cosmology of dark energy and dark matter in the universe are presented. Between Chapters One and Two, pictures of Dr. Abdus Salam added, as Dr. Salam was one of the founders of subquark models. Also, between Chapters Two and Three, pictures of Dr. Andrei Sakharov are added, as Dr. Sakharov was the founder of pregeometry.

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Book SynopsisIn Leptons: Classes, Properties and Interactions, the authors develop a model to calculate the masses of charged leptons by quantifying the electrostatic field generated by these particles. This model is extended to weak and strong interactions in order to calculate the masses of all elementary fermions.Next, by taking the SU(2) group of weak interactions in the presence of Electric Charge Swap-symmetry as a starting point, this compilation show that ordinary and non-regular leptons are related by the ECS-rotational SO(3) group. By considering the ECS-Hamiltonian quaternions for leptons, the authors find that the SU(5) Grand Unified Theory originates from the image of normalized quaternions group N(Q8) under the ECS-rotations.The differential cross-section corresponding to a dispersion process in the context of the 331RHν model is calculated in order to use the results in terrestrial and astrophysical experiments. The differential cross-section is written in terms of the mass of the new gauge boson Z', the mixing angle, the magnetic moment of the neutrino, and the charge radius.In closing, the authors obtain analytical expressions for the total cross section of the process e+e− τ+τ−γ in the context of the B-L model. The total cross section is analyzed in terms of themass of the new gauge boson Z', the mixing angle θ' of the B-L model, the magneticmoment and the electric dipole moment of the τ -lepton.

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Book SynopsisThe opening chapter of An Essential Guide to Electrodynamics describes a new theory of the electron, from which derives a fully deductive explanation of the chemical inertness of the group 18 elements of the periodic system. The authors propose that there is a need to present the detailed mathematical steps that are required to prove the equations of Maxwell textbooks and course instruction to help students gain a firm grasp of the equations and their applications. Additionally, this compilation examines the wave equation for the electromagnetic 4-potential, which has a form that explicitly involves the 4-velocity vector of a moving frame. Hence, Minkowski electrodynamics implies the absolute nature of mechanical motion in medium. Next, the authors represent the electromagnetic field from different and unknown points of view, and the duality of natural time is considered. Chapter five is focused on an accurate and profound investigation, interpretation and explanation of resonant and anomalous phenomena in radiated electromagnetic fields that arises due to the passage of charged particle beams over arbitrary-shaped periodic interfaces of natural or artificial material. Later, it is shown that a suitable modification of the Lee-Wick idea can also lead to linear potential at large distances. For this purpose, the authors study an Abelian model that "simulates" the quantum chromodynamics confining phase while maintaining the Coulomb behaviour at short distances. In the final chapter, the authors present a generalization of the transformation of the electromagnetic field from the frame co-moving with an accelerated particle into an inertial frame of reference and from an inertial frame into the frame co-moving with a moving particle.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/an-essential-guide-to-electrodynamics/

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Book SynopsisMuon Method in Science

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Book SynopsisThis is a Nova Science Publication.

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Book SynopsisVacuum Electron & Ion Technologies

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