Particle and high-energy physics Books

Book SynopsisLaser cooling is a new technique that has led to new insights into the behavior of atoms. This text covers the foundations, the techniques, and applications: from atomic clocks and studies of collision processes to diffraction and interference of atomic beams at optical lattices. It is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates.Table of ContentsIntroduction and review of quantum mechanics: Review of Quantum Mechanics.- The Density Matrix.- Force on Two-Level Atoms.- Multi-Level Atoms.- General Properties Concerning Laser Cooling. Cooling and Trapping: Deceleration of an Atomic Beam.- Optical Molasses.- Cooling Below the Doppler Limit.- The Dipole Force.- Magentic Trapping of Neutral Atoms.- Optical Traps for Neutral Atoms.- Evaporative Cooling. Applications: Newtonian Atom Optics.- Ultra-Cold Collisions.- deBrooglie-Wave Optics.- Optical Lattices.- Bose -Einstein Condensation.- Dark States.

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Book SynopsisA new edition of the New York Times bestseller—now a three-part Nova special: a fascinating and thought-provoking journey through the mysteries of space, time, and matter.Trade Review"As rewarding as it gets....A thrilling ride through a lovely landscape." -- Los Angeles Times"Compulsively readable....Greene threatens to do for string theory what Stephen Hawking did for black holes." -- New York"Brian Greene...makes the terribly complex theory of strings accessible to all. He possesses a remarkable gift for using the everyday to illustrate what may be going on in dimensions beyond our feeble human perception." -- Publishers Weekly"Greene does an admirable job of translating a wholly mathematical endeavor into visual terms. Throughout his work, he writes with poetic eloquence and style." -- Marcia Bartusiak - Washington Post Book World"[A] beautifully crafted account of string theory—a theory that appears to be a most promising waystation on the road to an ultimate theory of everything. His book gives a clear, simple, yet masterful account that makes a complex theory very accessible to nonscientists but is also a delightful; read for the professional." -- David M. Lee, professor of physics, Cornell University"Everyone who is curious about the horizons of theoretical physics—past, present, and future—will enjoy this book." -- Edward Witten, Institute for Advanced Study"[A] delightful, lucid introduction to the greatest problem in all of physics, the quest to unify all the laws of nature. Greene does a masterful job in presenting complex materials in a lively, engaging manner. Highly recommended to anyone who has ever gazed at the heavens and wondered, as Einstein did, if God had a choice in making the universe." -- Michio Kaku, author of Hyperspace and Visions"[A] tour-de-force of science writing. Perhaps more than any other popular-level account, this book peels away layers of detail and reveals the stunning essence of cutting-edge physics. With a rare blend of scientific integrity and literary flair, the author takes us on a whirlwind journey to the forefront of the search for the ultimate theory of the universe." -- Shing-Tung Yau, Harvard University; Fields Medalist, winner of the National Medal of Science

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Book SynopsisThe Only Source You Need for Understanding the Design and Applications of Photonic Crystal-Based Devices This book presents in detail the fundamental theoretical background necessary to understand the unique optical phenomena arising from the crystalline nature of photonic-crystal structures and their application across a range of disciplines. Organized to take readers from basic concepts to more advanced topics, the book covers: Preliminary concepts of electromagnetic waves and periodic media Numerical methods for analyzing photonic-crystal structures Devices and applications based on photonic bandgaps Engineering photonic-crystal dispersion properties Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals The authors assume an elementary knowledge of electromagnetism, vector calculus, Fourier analysis, and complex number analysis. Therefore, the book is appropriate forTable of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Overview 3 1.2 Analogy Between Photonic and Semiconductor Crystals 6 1.3 Analyzing Photonic-Bandgap Structures 8 References 11 Chapter 2. Preliminary Concepts of Electromagnetic Waves and Periodic Media 17 2.1 Electromagnetic Waves 17 2.1.1 Maxwell’s Equations in Linear, Homogeneous Media 18 2.1.2 Electromagnetic Waves 21 2.1.3 Optical Waves 23 2.1.4 Guided Waves 28 2.1.5 Group Velocity in Homogeneous Media 37 2.2 Periodic Media 38 2.2.1 Real-Space Lattices, Lattice Vectors 39 2.2.2 Reciprocal Lattice and Brillouin Zone 47 2.3 Waves in Periodic Media 49 2.3.1 Wave Equation in Periodic Dielectric Structures 49 2.3.2 Group Velocity in Periodic Media 55 2.3.3 Dispersion Surfaces and Band Diagrams 57 References 60 Chapter 3. Numerical Methods 63 3.1 Overview 63 3.2 Plane-Wave Expansion Method 65 3.2.1 Preliminaries 65 3.2.2 One-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 66 3.2.3 Two-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 72 3.2.4 Three-Dimensional Plane-Wave Expansion Method 84 3.2.5 Practical Considerations in the Implementation of the Plane-Wave Expansion Method 87 3.2.6 Photonic-Crystal Slab by Plane-Wave Expansion Method 90 3.2.7 Revised Plane-Wave Method for Dispersive Material and its Application to Band-Structure Calculations of Photonic-Crystal Slabs 102 3.3 Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method 108 3.3.1 Central-Difference Expressions of Maxwell’s Equations 109 3.3.2 Two-Dimensional FDTD Method 110 3.3.3 Three-Dimensional FDTD Method 112 3.3.4 Numerical Stability and Dispersion 114 3.3.5 Simulating Transient and Steady-State System Response 116 3.3.6 Absorbing Boundary Conditions 118 3.3.7 FDTD for Photonic Crystals 122 References 125 Chapter 4. Devices and Applications Based on Photonic Bandgaps 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Point Defects 134 4.2.1 Numerical Analysis of Point Defects 134 4.2.2 Design Criteria for Photonic-Crystal Cavities 137 4.3 Line Defects 139 4.3.1 Photonic-Crystal Line Defects for Waveguiding 140 4.3.2 Line Defects in Photonic-Crystal Slabs 144 4.3.3 Extracting Dispersion Properties Using a Single-Frequency Source 147 4.4 Applications that Use Strong Confinement in PhC 150 4.4.1 Waveguide Bends 150 4.4.2 Zero-Cross-Talk Waveguide Crossing 154 4.4.3 Narrow-Band Beam Splitter 156 4.4.4 Air-Bridge Microcavity 157 4.4.5 Channel-Drop Filters in Photonic Crystals 159 4.4.6 Optical Spectrometer 160 4.4.7 Hybrid Photonic-Crystal Structures 163 4.4.8 Electrically and Thermally Tunable Photonic Crystals 168 4.4.9 Photonic-Crystal Optical Networks 169 4.4.10 Coupled Photonic-Crystal Waveguides 171 4.4.11 Other Applications of Photonic Bandgap 188 References 189 Chapter 5. Engineering Photonic-Crystal Dispersion Properties 197 5.1 Introduction 197 5.2 Dispersion in Photonic Crystals 198 5.3 Superprism Effect 201 5.4 Self-Collimation 205 5.4.1 Experimental Demonstration of Self-Collimation 208 5.4.2 Self-Guiding Heterolattice 211 5.4.3 Redirecting Light in Self-Collimating PhCs 214 5.4.4 Beam Splitting in Self-Collimating PhC 217 5.4.5 Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter 224 5.4.6 Self-Collimation in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 231 5.4.7 Experimental Verification of 3D Self-Collimation 239 5.5 Left-Handed Behavior and Negative Refraction 245 5.5.1 3D Subwavelength Imaging by a Photonic-Crystal Flat Lens 247 5.6 Superprism, Negative Refraction and Self-Collimation 254 5.7 Summary 259 References 259 Chapter 6. Fabrication 263 6.1 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals 263 6.1.1 Fabrication of Planar Photonic Crystals 266 6.1.2 Fabrication of 2D Photonic Crystals 269 6.2 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Micromachining 274 6.2.1 Layer-by-Layer Fabrication 274 6.2.2 Woodpile Photonic Crystals 281 6.2.3 Autocloning Technique 297 6.2.4 Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD) 307 6.2.5 Macroporous Silicon 313 6.2.6 Realizing Yablonovite for Near Infrared with Chemically Assisted Ion-Beam Etching 323 6.2.7 Sculpting Bulk Silicon with Reactive Plasma 327 6.3 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Holographic Lithography 333 6.3.1 Interference of Coherent Waves 334 6.3.2 Patterning PhCs with Interference Lithography 336 6.3.3 Engineering the Interference Pattern 336 6.3.4 Holographic Fabrication Methods for 3D PhCs 341 6.3.5 Summary 349 6.4 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Multiphoton Polymerization 350 6.4.1 Stereolithography/Laser Rapid Prototyping to Fabricate Arbitrary 3D Structures 350 6.4.2 Multiphoton Absorption 350 6.4.3 PhC Fabrication Using Multiphoton Absorption 356 6.5 Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Self-Assembly 358 6.5.1 Monodisperse Colloidal Suspensions 359 6.5.2 Colloidal Crystallization 362 6.5.3 Self-Assembly Methods 364 References 369 Index 383

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a thorough yet concise introduction to quantitative radiobiology and radiation physics, particularly the practical and medical application.Trade Review“This is a very comprehensive text that goes far beyond the content most would expect given the rather specific title.” (Scope, 1 March 2015) Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction ix 1 Anatomy and Physiology 1 2 The Cell 19 3 Radiation Characteristics and Units 41 4 Radiation Interactions with Tissue 61 5 Cell Survival Curves 81 6 Dna and Genetics 105 7 Radiation Damage and Repair of Cells 125 8 Normal and Malignant Cells 145 9 Radiation Effects on Tissues and Organs 161 10 Whole Body Radiation Effects 179 11 Radiation Treatment of Cancer 191 12 Radiation Biology of Diagnostic Imaging 203 13 Nuclear Medicine Radiation Biology 219 14 Environmental Radiation 241 15 Regulations and Risk 255 16 Biological Effects of Ultrasound 269 17 Biological Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 281 Answers to Odd-numbered Questions 297 Index 301

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Book SynopsisThe origins and significance of electron density in the chemical, biological, and materials sciences Electron density is one of the fundamental concepts underlying modern chemistry and one of the key determinants of molecular structure and stability. It is also the basic variable of density functional theory, which has made possible, in recent years, the application of the mathematical theory of quantum physics to chemical and biological systems. With an equal emphasis on computational and philosophical questions, A Matter of Density: Exploring the Electron Density Concept in the Chemical, Biological, and Materials Sciences addresses the foundations, analysis, and applications of this pivotal chemical concept. The first part of the book presents a coherent and logically connected treatment of the theoretical foundations of the electron density concept. Discussion includes the use of probabilities in statistical physics; the origins of quantum mechanics; tTrade Review“Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals.” (Choice, 1 September 2013)Table of ContentsPreface vii Contributors ix 1 Introduction of Probability Concepts in Physics—The Path to Statistical Mechanics 1 N. Sukumar 2 Does God Play Dice? 15 N. Sukumar 3 The Electron Density 41 N. Sukumar and Sunanda Sukumar 4 Atoms in Molecules 67 N. Sukumar 5 Density Functional Approach to the Electronic Structure of Matter 107 N. Sukumar 6 Density-Functional Approximations for Exchange and Correlation 125 Viktor N. Staroverov 7 An Understanding of the Origin of Chemical Reactivity from a Conceptual DFT Approach 157 Arindam Chakraborty, Soma Duley, Santanab Giri, and Pratim Kumar Chattaraj 8 Electron Density and Molecular Similarity 203 N. Sukumar 9 Electrostatic Potentials and Local Ionization Energies in Nanomaterial Applications 233 Peter Politzer, Felipe A. Bulat, James Burgess, Jeffrey W. Baldwin, and Jane S. Murray 10 Probing Electron Dynamics with the Laplacian of the Momentum Density 257 Preston J. MacDougall and M. Creon Levit 11 Applications of Modern Density Functional Theory to Surfaces and Interfaces 271 G. Pilania, H. Zhu, and R. Ramprasad Index 313

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Book SynopsisEagerly awaited, this second edition of a best-selling text comprehensively describes from a modern perspective the basics of x-ray physics as well as the completely new opportunities offered by synchrotron radiation.Table of ContentsPreface v Preface to the first edition vi Acknowledgements from the first edition vii Notes on the use of this book vii 1 X-rays and their interaction with matter 1 1.1 X-rays: waves and photons 2 1.2 Scattering 5 1.3 Absorption 18 1.4 Refraction and reflection 23 1.5 Coherence 25 1.6 Magnetic interactions 27 1.7 Further reading 28 2 Sources 29 2.1 Early history and the X-ray tube 29 2.2 Introduction to synchrotron radiation 30 2.3 Synchrotron radiation from a circular arc 33 2.4 Undulator radiation 43 2.5 Wiggler radiation 59 2.6 Free-electron lasers 61 2.7 Compact light sources 62 2.8 Coherence volume and photon degeneracy 64 2.9 Further reading 66 2.10 Exercises 66 3 Refraction and reflection from interfaces 69 3.1 Refraction and phase shift in scattering 70 3.2 Refractive index and scattering length density 71 3.3 Refractive index including absorption 75 3.4 Snell’s law and the Fresnel equations in the X-ray region 77 3.5 Reflection from a homogeneous slab 81 3.6 Specular reflection from multilayers 85 3.7 Reflectivity from a graded interface 89 3.8 Rough interfaces and surfaces 90 3.9 Examples of reflectivity studies 97 3.10 X-ray optics 101 3.11 Further reading 111 3.12 Exercises 111 4 Kinematical scattering I: non-crystalline materials 113 4.1 Two electrons 114 4.2 Scattering from an atom 118 4.3 Scattering from a molecule 123 4.4 Scattering from liquids and glasses 125 4.5 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 134 4.6 Further reading 145 4.7 Exercises 145 5 Kinematical scattering II: crystalline order 147 5.1 Scattering from a crystal 147 5.2 Quasiperiodic structures 164 5.3 Crystal truncation rods 169 5.4 Lattice vibrations, the Debye-Waller factor and TDS 172 5.5 The measured intensity from a crystallite 179 5.6 Applications of kinematical diffraction 187 5.7 Further reading 203 5.8 Exercises 204 6 Diffraction by perfect crystals 207 6.1 One atomic layer: reflection and transmission 209 6.2 Kinematical reflection from a few layers 210 6.3 Darwin theory and dynamical diffraction 212 6.4 The Darwin reflectivity curve 216 6.5 DuMond diagrams 230 6.6 Further reading 237 6.7 Exercises 7 Photoelectric absorption 239 7.1 X-ray absorption by an isolated atom 242 7.2 EXAFS and near-edge structure 251 7.3 X-ray dichroism 261 7.4 ARPES 268 7.5 Further reading 271 7.6 Exercises 272 8 Resonant scattering 275 8.1 The forced charged oscillator model 277 8.2 The atom as an assembly of oscillators 281 8.3 The Kramers-Kronig relations 282 8.4 Numerical estimate of f′ 284 8.5 Breakdown of Friedel’s law and Bijvoet pairs 289 8.6 The phase problem in crystallography 295 8.7 Quantum mechanical description 300 8.8 Further reading 302 8.9 Exercises 302 9 Imaging 305 9.1 Introduction 305 9.2 Absorption contrast imaging 307 9.3 Phase contrast imaging 318 9.4 Coherent diffraction imaging 329 9.5 Holography 335 9.6 Further reading 340 9.7 Exercises 340 A Scattering and absorption cross-sections 343 B Classical electric dipole radiation 349 C Quantization of the electromagnetic field 355 D Gaussian statistics 361 E Fourier transforms 363 F Comparison of X-rays with neutrons 371 G MATLAB® computer programs 373 H Answers to exercises and hints 397 Bibliography 403 Index 407 List of symbols 417

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Book SynopsisIntroduces modern developments on the bound state problem in Schrödinger potential theory and its applications in particle physics. It covers two-body problems, relativistic generalisations, the inverse problem, 3-body and N-body problems. Emphasis is given to showing how theory can be tested by experiment. Many references are provided.Trade Review'The book is clearly written, general results are illustrated by concrete applications to atomic and particle physics and the authors do not assume a knowledge of advanced mathematics. All that make this book very useful and valuable for theoretical and experimental particle and atomic physicists, especially for newcomers to the field.' Robert Alicki, Zentralblatt für MathematikTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction; Part II. Two-body Problems: 1. General properties; 2. Order of energy levels; 3. Spacing of energy levels; 4. Miscellaneous results on the wave function at the origin; 5. Relativistic generalizations of results on level ordering; 6. The inverse problem for confining potentials; 7. Counting the number of bound states; Part III. Miscellaneous Results On The 3-body and N-body Problem: Appendices; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book marked the centenary of the discovery of the electron by J. J. Thomson in 1897, an event which occurred at a great turning point in the history of scientific ideas, and the impact of which on the development of science in the twentieth century has been profound.Trade ReviewReview of the hardback: 'This is an excellent book for its declared purpose of providing collateral reading at the Physics World level to those who already have a background in modern physics. There is more than enough here to allow the electron to consider its birthday suitably celebrated.' P. W. Anderson, The Times Higher Education SupplementReview of the hardback: '… this is a fine birthday tribute to the electron, and a good starting point for physicists wishing to delve a little deeper into a field of study adjacent to their own.' Jonathan Butterworth, New ScientistReview of the hardback: 'Each chapter is a fascinating story in its own right.' E. E. Davis, The ObservatoryReview of the hardback: 'This is an impressive and attractive book and has been very well produced by Cambridge University Press.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of Contents1. J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron A. B. P. Pippard; 2. The isolated electron W. N. Cottingham; 3. The relativistic electron D. I. Olive; 4. The electron glue B. L. Gyorffy; 5. The electron fluid P. Coleman; 6. The magnetic electron G. G. Lonzarich; 7. The paired electron A. J. Leggett; 8. The heavy electron M. Springford; 9. The coherent electron Y. Imry and M. Peskin; 10. The composite electron R. Nicholas; 11. The electron in the cosmos M. S. Longair.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. Written as a graduate textbook, many diagrams, exercises and examples are included.Trade Review"...a masterful introduction to quantum field theory and its application to elementary particle physics through Feynman diagrams. The approach is constructive rather than deductive, and the book offers many fine insights into the physics content of results that may be thought of as purely mathematical." Ernest Ma and Jose Wudka, Physics Today"...would be a useful and solid starting point for a novice field theorist..." R. Delbourgo, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsIntroduction; 1. Lorentz and Poincaré invariance; 2. Relativistic quantum mechanics of free particles; 3. Interacting fields; 4. Particles with spin; 5. Explorations; 6. Renormalization; 7. Massive and massless vector fields; 8. Unitarity; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisAimed at graduate students and researchers working in high energy physics, this book is a systematic introduction to string phenomenology. Focused on the detailed description of how string theory is connected to the real world of particle physics, it provides explicit models of physics beyond the Standard Model.Trade Review'This is the first fully modern treatment of string compactifications, written by two of the masters of the subject. It provides an excellent general introduction to string theory, and in-depth coverage of both the latest developments (including detailed pedagogical discussions of frontier topics like flux compactifications and D-brane instanton effects), as well as more traditional subjects (such as model-building with heterotic strings). It will be invaluable as a textbook for curious students, and a reference volume of lasting value for experts working in the field. If, as many of us hope, the LHC era reveals new clues linking particle physics to string-scale physics, acquaintance with the material in this volume may well provide crucial tools for exploring and exploiting those links.' Shamit Kachru, Stanford University and SLAC'A clear exposition of the main ideas and ingredients necessary to connect string theory to the real world. An essential toolkit for the string theory model builder.' Juan Maldacena, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton'… a unique and long awaited book written by two of the leading figures in the field … This is the first book that is devoted to summarise the research that has been performed during the past 25 years on the effort to extract physical implications of string theory … The authors have managed to find an excellent balance between the rigour of the content while at the same time making it pedagogical enough to be followed by a wide audience. It will provide invaluable and comprehensive material for graduate students entering the field, for non-string theorists who want to expand their research projects but also as the best authoritative source of information for active string theorists. This will be the standard reference on this active field for years to come.' Fernando Quevedo, Professor of Theoretical Physics, DAMTP, University of Cambridge and Director ICTP, Trieste'The scope of this book is impressive, covering all the major developments in the construction of compactified string theories. As an introduction to string theory it is excellent and, as a tool for constructing realistic models, unmatched. Essential reading for all those wishing to study string theory in depth and an invaluable reference for those already expert in the field.' Graham Ross, University of Oxford'… an excellent text. It is also a useful resource for experienced researchers, since much of the material, otherwise difficult to obtain (or even to read), has been curated in a pedagogically sound and clear fashion.' Physics TodayTable of ContentsPreface; 1. The standard model and beyond; 2. Supersymmetry; 3. Introduction to string theory: the bosonic string; 4. Superstrings; 5. Toroidal compactification of superstrings; 6. Branes and string duality; 7. Calabi–Yau compactifications of heterotic superstrings; 8. Heterotic string orbifolds and other exact CFT constructions; 9. Heterotic string compactifications: effective action; 10. Type IIA orientifold compactifications: intersecting brane worlds; 11. Type IIB orientifold compactifications; 12. Type II compactifications: effective action; 13. String instantons and effective field theory; 14. Flux compactifications and moduli stabilization; 15. Moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking in string theory; 16. Further phenomenological properties. Strings and cosmology; 17. The space of string vacua; Appendices; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis highly-regarded text provides a comprehensive introduction to modern particle physics. Extensively rewritten and updated, this 4th edition includes developments in elementary particle physics, as well as its connections with cosmology and astrophysics. As in previous editions, the balance between experiment and theory is continually emphasised. The stress is on the phenomenological approach and basic theoretical concepts rather than rigorous mathematical detail. Short descriptions are given of some of the key experiments in the field, and how they have influenced our thinking. Although most of the material is presented in the context of the Standard Model of quarks and leptons, the shortcomings of this model and new physics beyond its compass (such as supersymmetry, neutrino mass and oscillations, GUTs and superstrings) are also discussed. The text includes many problems and a detailed and annotated further reading list.Trade Review'This edition represents a major rewrite, not just a set of updates. Welcome additions are lengthy chapters on 'physics beyond the standard model' and 'particle physics and cosmology' … it is about as up to date as can be expected in such a rapidly advancing area æ what sets this book apart from its competitors is that the author has both a very good knowledge of theory and understands experimental techniques and limitations far better than most. His intuitive understanding of the subject matter is very evident. I would predict that another generation of teachers and students will welcome this revised text. It is without a peer at this level. I would certainly use it …'. Stuart Tovey, The PhysicistTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Quarks and leptons; 2. Interactions and fields; 3. Invariance principles and conservation laws; 4. Quarks in hadrons; 5. Lepton and quark scattering; 6. Quark interactions and QCD; 7. Weak interactions; 8. Electroweak interactions and the Standard Model; 9. Physics beyond the Standard Model; 10. Particle physics and cosmology; 11. Experimental methods; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisThis wonderfully clear and concise nuclear physics textbook provides the basis for a core second/third year undergraduate physics module. A wide range of applications and aspects of nuclear physics are described, for example power generation from nuclear fission, nucleosynthesis, biological effects of nuclear radiation, solar neutrinos, neutrino physics.Trade Review'This clear and concise introduction to nuclear physics provide an excellent basis for a 'core' undergraduate course in this area.' Physics CourierTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; Constants of nature, conversion factors and notation; Glossary of some important symbols; 1. Prologue; 2. Leptons and the electromagnetic and weak interactions; 3. Nucleons and the strong interaction; 4. Nuclear sizes and nuclear masses; 5. Ground-state properties of nuclei: the shell model; 6. Alpha decay and spontaneous fission; 7. Excited states of nuclei; 8. Nuclear reactions; 9. Power from nuclear fission; 10. Nuclear fusion; 11. Nucleosynthesis in stars; 12. Beta decay and gamma decay; 13. Neutrinos; 14. The passage of energetic particles through matter; Appendix A. Cross-sections; Appendix B. Density of states; Appendix C. Angular momentum; Appendix D. Unstable states and resonances; Further reading; Answers to problems; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text introduces the theoretical framework for describing the quark-gluon plasma, an important new state of matter. The first part is a self-contained introduction to the principles of relativistic thermal field theory. The second part details recent developments. Each chapter contains exercises and a guide to the literature.Trade Review"...I found this to be a book which deals very competently with the rather intricate and messy calculations that arise when it is necessary to deal with equilibrium states rather than simple excitations of the vacuum state..." C.A. Hurst, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Quantum statistical mechanics; 3. The scalar field at finite temperature; 4. Simple applications of perturbation; 5. Dirac and gauge fields at finite temperature; 6. Collective excitations in a plasma; 7. Hard thermal loops and resummation; 8. Dynamical screening; 9. Neutrino emission from stars; 10. Infrared problems at finite temperature; Appendices; References.

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Book SynopsisThe development of the supersymmetry technique has led to significant advances in the study of disordered metals, modern mesoscopic quantum devices, localization in quantum wires and films, and quantum chaos. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the ideas and uses of supersymmetry.Trade Review'Efetov has done a service to condensed matter physics by explaining the ins and outs of his method in a clear and comprehensive monograph. It is likely to become a classic in the field. The book is indispensible for researchers who use or who would like to use the supersymmetry technique … I would recommend it to anyone with an interest in modern techniques of theoretical physics.' C. W. J. Beenakker, Endeavour'… a clear, readable and comprehensive introduction to this application of supersymmetry.' I. D. Lawrie, Contemporary PhysicsTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Supermathematics; 3. Diffusion modes; 4. Nonlinear supermatrix σ- model; 5. Perturbation theory and renormalization group; 6. Energy level statistics; 7. Quantum size effects in small metal particles; 8. Persistent currents in mesoscopic rings; 9. Transport through mesoscopic devices; 10. Universal parametric correlations; 11. Localization in systems with one-dimensional geometry; 12. Anderson metal-insulator transition; 13. Disorder in two dimensions; 14. Afterword.

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Book SynopsisAvailable for the first time in paperback, The Quantum Theory of Fields is a self-contained, comprehensive, and up-to-date introduction to quantum field theory from Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg. Volume I introduces the foundations of quantum field theory.Trade Review'… an impressively lucid and thorough presentation of the subject … Weinberg manages to present difficult topics with richness of meaning and marvellous clarity. Full of valuable insights, his treatise is sure to become a classic, doing for quantum field theory what Dirac's Quantum Mechanics did for quantum mechanics. I eagerly await the publication of the second volume.' S. S. Schweber, Nature'For over twenty years there has been no good modern textbook on the subject. For all that time, Steven Weinberg has been promising to write one. That he has finally done it … is cause for celebration among those who try to teach and try to learn the subject.' Howard Georgi, Science'To summarize, Foundations builds the structure of quantum field theory on the sure footing of physical insight. It is beautifully produced and meticulously edited … and it is a real bargain in price. If you want to learn quantum field theory, or have already learned it and want to have a definitive reference at hand, purchase this book.' O. W. Greenberg, Physics Today'In addition to a superb treatment of all the conventional topics there are numerous sections covering areas that are not normally emphasized, such as the subject of field redefinitions, higher-rank tensor fields and an unusually clear and thorough treatment of infrared effects … this latest book reinforces his high scholarly standards. It provides a unique exposition that will prove invaluable both to new research students as well as to experienced research workers. Together with Volume 2, this will become a classic text on a subject of central importance to a wide area of theoretical physics.' M. B. Green, CERN Courier'I believe that what readers will find particularly helpful in this volume is the consistency of the whole approach, and the emphasis on quantities and properties that are directly useful to particle physicists. This is particularly true for those who are interested in the more phenomenological aspects. The reader only needs limited backround knowledge, and a clear line is followed throughout the book, making it easy to follow. The author presents extremely thorough but elementary discussions of important physical questions, some of which seem to be an original way of addressing the subject.' J. Zinn-Justin, Physics World'This is a well-written book by one of the masters of the subject … it is certainly destined to become a standard text book and should find its way to the shelves of every physics library.' J. Madore, Classical and Quantum Gravity'The book starts out with an excellent historical introduction, not found anywhere else, giving citations to many by now classic papers … a valuable reference work as well as a textbook for graduate students.' G. Roepstorff, Zentralblatt für MathematikTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Historical introduction; 2. Relativistic quantum mechanics; 3. Scattering theory; 4. The cluster decomposition principle; 5. Quantum fields and antiparticles; 6. The Feynman rules; 7. The canonical formalism; 8. Massless particles: electrodynamics; 9. Path integral methods; 10. Nonperturbative methods; 11. One-loop radiative corrections in quantum electrodynamics; 12. General renormalization theory; 13. Infrared effects; 14. Bound states in external fields; Subject index; Author index.

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Book SynopsisThe third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Now consolidated into a single-volume treatment, this textbook has been completely rewritten, providing a strong astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics.Trade Review'The third edition of Malcolm Longair's High Energy Astrophysics is a remarkable gem. It is written in the clear, lucid style that characterizes Professor Longair's monographs and displays an admirable balance between breadth and depth. It is remarkably up to date and covers both high-energy phenomenology and physical processes with authority. It would serve equally well as a textbook for a graduate-level course or a reference work for the practising astrophysicist: a nicely written and sophisticated appendix on basic astronomy will make it equally useful for readers trained as physicists.' Bradley M. Peterson, Professor and Chair of Astronomy, Ohio State University'The remarkable revolution in our understanding of the Universe is covered brilliantly in this authoritative third edition of a classic text by Professor Longair - the prominent Cambridge astrophysicist and one of the subject's most experienced expositors. The text conveys the excitement of the progress being made in both observational and computational astronomy and ably describes the physical processes involved prior to educating the reader on a comprehensive list of frontier research topics ranging from dead stars in our Galaxy, black holes in galactic nuclei to the evolutionary history of galaxies seen at early cosmic times. The new edition is comprehensively illustrated and indexed with up-to-date references and an essential purchase for all physicists and astronomers.' Richard Ellis, Steele Professor of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology'This is a great book for students and researchers alike. It is up to date and covers the exciting new developments in high energy astrophysics. It will be on my shelf at arm's reach.' Neil Gehrels, Chief, Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC and College Park Professor of Astronomy, University of Maryland'The book is really a treasure for any student and teacher interested in astrophysics. It is very up to date and synoptically covers the whole field of high-energy astrophysics. I will use the book for my lectures as soon as I can!' Günther Hasinger, Scientific Director, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik'… well-written and highly informative … stimulating and useful … beautifully written and authoritative … delivered with enthusiasm and offering the reader the chance to gain insight and understanding of a fascinating topic.' The Observatory'… a substantial textbook … likely to remain the standard on the subject for many years … comprehensive in its spread of subject matter and methodical in presentation.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPart I. Astronomical Background: 1. High energy astrophysics - an introduction; 2. The stars and stellar evolution; 3. The galaxies; 4. Clusters of galaxies; Part II. Physical Processes: 5. Ionisation losses; 6. Radiation of accelerated charged particles and bremsstrahlung of electrons; 7. The dynamics of charged particles in magnetic fields; 8. Synchrotron radiation; 9. Interactions of high energy photons; 10. Nuclear interactions; 11. Aspects of plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics; Part III. High Energy Astrophysics in our Galaxy: 12. Interstellar gas and magnetic fields; 13. Dead stars; 14. Accretion power in astrophysics; 15. Cosmic rays; 16. The origin of cosmic rays in our galaxy; 17. The acceleration of high energy particles; Part IV. Extragalactic High Energy Astrophysics: 18. Active galaxies; 19. Black holes in the nuclei of galaxies; 20. The vicinity of the black hole; 21. Extragalactic radio sources; 22. Compact extragalactic sources and superluminal motions; 23. Cosmological aspects of high energy astrophysics; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDark matter is among the most important open problems in modern physics. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, this book describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the dark matter problem in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology. Featuring contributions from 48 leading theorists and experimentalists, it presents many aspects, from astrophysical observations to particle physics candidates, and from the prospects for detection at colliders to direct and indirect searches. The book introduces observational evidence for dark matter along with a detailed discussion of the state-of-the-art of numerical simulations and alternative explanations in terms of modified gravity. It then moves on to the candidates arising from theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, and to the prospects for detection at accelerators. It concludes by looking at direct and indirect dark matter searches, and the prospects for detecting the particle nature of dark matter with astrophysical experiments. ? Describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the dark matter problem ? Presents observations, theory and experiments to give a complete and consistent understanding of dark matter ? Features contributions from leading experts in the fieldTrade Review'… this book represents a text that any scholar whose research field is somewhat related to dark matter will find useful to have within easy reach … graduate students will find in this book an extremely useful guide into the vast and interdisciplinary field of dark matter …' Il Nuovo Saggiatore'… Particle Dark Matter is a very welcome addition. Virtually every aspect of modern dark-matter research is covered, with the wide authorship providing detailed but consistently readable contributions. … This is an excellent book, ideally suited to graduate students in the field and any others wishing to familiarize themselves with one of the most exciting and pressing challenges currently available in science. I can report that my colleagues, on seeing the book, have more often than not attempted to steal it away to lose themselves in its depths.' The Observatory'This book is an absolute necessity for anyone working in the field … contains a wealth of solid reliable material.' Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPart I. DM in Cosmology: 1. Particle dark matter G. Bertone and J. Silk; 2. Simulations of CDM haloes B. Moore and J. Diemand; 3. MW substructures J. Bullock, M. Kaplinghat and L. Strigari; 4. Gravitational lensing and dark matter Y. Mellier; 5. Dark matter at the centers of galaxies D. Merritt; 6. Modified gravity as an alternative to DM J. Bekenstein; Part II. Candidates: 7. DM production mechanisms G. Gelmini and P. Gondolo; 8. Supersymmetric DM candidates J. Ellis and K. Olive; 9. DM at the EW scale: non-SUSY candidates G. Servant; 10. Non-WIMP candidates J. L. Feng; 11. Axions P. Sikivie; 12. Sterile neutrinos M. Shaposhnikov; Part III. Colliders Searches: 13. SUSY searches at the LHC T. Plehn and G. Polesello; 14. SUSY DM at colliders M. Battaglia and M. E. Peskin; 15. Extra dimensions at the LHC K. Kong, K. Matchev and G. Servant; 16. SUSY tools F. Boudjema, J. Edsjö and P. Gondolo; Part IV. Direct Detection: 17. Direct detection of WIMPs D. G. Cerdeño and A. Green; 18. Annual modulation with NaI(Tl) R. Bernabei and P. Belli; 19. Particle DM and DAMA N. Fornengo; 20. Cryogenic detectors G. Gerbier and J. Gascon; 21. Liquid noble gases E. Aprile and L. Baudis; 22. Directional detectors N. Spooner; 23. Axion searches S. Asztalos; Part V. Indirect Detection and Astrophysical Constraints: 24. Gamma-rays L. Bergström and G. Bertone; 25. Neutrinos F. Halzen and D. Hooper; 26. Antimatter P. Salati, F. Donato and N. Fornengo; 27. Multi-wavelength S. Profumo and P. Ullio; 28. Dark matter and BBN K. Jedamzik and M. Pospelov; 29. Dark matter and stars G. Bertone; Appendix; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisBased on lectures for a statistical mechanics course, this textbook introduces the central concepts and tools of statistical physics including solutions that are available to lecturers at www.cambridge.org/9780521873420. A companion volume, discusses non-mean field aspects of scaling and critical phenomena, through the perspective of renormalization group.Trade Review'In this much-needed modern text, Kardar presents a remarkably clear view of statistical mechanics as a whole, revealing the relationships between different parts of this diverse subject. In two volumes, the classical beginnings of thermodynamics are connected smoothly to a thoroughly modern view of fluctuation effects, stochastic dynamics, and renormalization and scaling theory. Students will appreciate the precision and clarity in which difficult concepts are presented in generality and by example. I particularly like the wealth of interesting and instructive problems inspired by diverse phenomena throughout physics (and beyond!), which illustrate the power and broad applicability of statistical mechanics.' Leon Balents, University of California, Santa Barbara'Statistical Physics of Particles is the welcome result of an innovative and popular graduate course Kardar has been teaching at MIT for almost twenty years. It is a masterful account of the essentials of a subject which played a vital role in the development of twentieth century physics, not only surviving, but enriching the development of quantum mechanics. Its importance to science in the future can only increase with the rise of subjects such as quantitative biology. Statistical Physics of Fields builds on the foundation laid by the Statistical Physics of Particles, with an account of the revolutionary developments of the past 35 years, many of which were facilitated by renormalization group ideas. Much of the subject matter is inspired by problems in condensed matter physics, with a number of pioneering contributions originally due to Kardar himself. This lucid exposition should be of particular interest to theorists with backgrounds in field theory and statistical mechanics.' David R. Nelson, Harvard University'If Landau and Lifshitz were to prepare a new edition of their classic Statistical Physics text they might produce a book not unlike this gem by Mehran Kardar. Indeed, Kardar is an extremely rare scientist, being both brilliant in formalism and an astoundingly careful and thorough teacher. He demonstrates both aspects of his range of talents in this pair of books, which belong on the bookshelf of every serious student of theoretical statistical physics. Kardar does a particularly thorough job of explaining the subtleties of theoretical topics too new to have been included even in Landau and Lifshitz most recent Third Edition (1980), such as directed paths in random media and the dynamics of growing surfaces, which are not in any text to my knowledge. He also provides careful discussion of topics that do appear in most modern texts on theoretical statistical physics, such as scaling and renormalization group.' H. Eugene Stanley, Boston University'This is one of the most valuable textbook I have seen in a long time. Written by a leader in the field, it provides a crystal clear, elegant and comprehensive coverage of the field of statistical physics. I'm sure this book will become 'the' reference for the next generation of researchers, students and practitioners in statistical physics. I wish I had this book when I was a student but I will have the privilege to rely on it for my teaching.' Alessandro Vespignani, Indiana UniversityTable of Contents1. Thermodynamics; 2. Probability; 3. Kinetic theory of gases; 4. Classical statistical mechanics; 5. Interacting particles; 6. Quantum statistical mechanics; 7. Ideal quantum gases; Solutions to selected problems; Index.

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Book SynopsisAlmost weightless and able to pass through the densest materials with ease, neutrinos may offer answers to questions ranging from relativity and quantum mechanics to more radical theories about dark energy and supersymmetry. Heinrich Päs serves as our fluent guide to a particle world that tests the boundaries of space, time, and human knowledge.Trade ReviewSome science books are good because they tell you a lot about science. Some are good because they present their examples and argument in very well written prose. A few do both. The Perfect Wave is one of the few… I can highly recommend The Perfect Wave as a pleasant and provocative way to gain insight into the way physicists think, and into the way the universe (probably) works. -- John Gribbin * Wall Street Journal *Päs for his part, places neutrinos within the broader context of contemporary high theory and delves deeper into the science. Physics buffs will relish his explanations, and not just of established ideas such a the seesaw mechanism. Neutrinos, Päs explains, may offer a way to probe the extra dimensions of space postulated by some ‘theories of everything.’ The puny particles’ weirdness, it seems, knows no end. * The Economist *The ghostly neutrino—a mutable, almost massless particle that can pass through dense substances—stars in this scientific history. Theoretical physicist Heinrich Päs surfs the decades of dazzling research since Wolfgang Pauli first posited the particle in 1930. Päs revisits key theorists such as Ettore Majorana, and lays out the work of groundbreaking labs from Los Alamos in New Mexico, where Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan first detected neutrinos in the early 1950s, to today’s vast IceCube neutrino observatory in Antarctica. * Nature *Written by one of the world’s leading experts in the field…Heinrich Päs’ book guides the reader through some difficult territory, covering the historical and philosophical developments that led to our understanding of the neutrino today. It is a peculiar route that navigates via such topics as the ancient Greek and magic mushrooms. Plus of course the obligatory cat that is simultaneously alive and dead… Though this book is written in simple language, don’t expect an easy read. There are some highly challenging ideas to get your head around—but it is worth making the effort. -- Paul Sutherland * BBC Sky at Night *Takes readers for a wild ride in pursuit of the neutrino—part ghost, part outlaw, part Holy Grail to theoretical physicists… From vast laboratories deep underground to the cutting edge Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory nearing completion in frigid Antarctica, Päs reveals the ‘world of madmen, dreamers, and visionaries’ who pursue the neutrino and its place in theoretical physics. * Publishers Weekly *Entertaining and evocative, Päs has written a breezy, readable account of particle physics, especially neutrino physics, in a lucid, lively narrative. -- Sandip Pakvasa, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book provides an essential introduction to the physics of quantum many-body systems."---T. C. Mohan, Zentralblatt MATH

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Book SynopsisA complete treatise on the subject of the neutrino includes interpretation of experimental results in terms of existing theories on this nuclear particle. It incorporates material on post-parity experiments which appeared following the Lee and Yang discoveries in 1956 concerning parity non-conservation in weak interactions. Originally published inTable of Contents*Frontmatter, pg. i*Preface, pg. v*Table of Contents, pg. vii*CHAPTER 1. General Properties of the Neutrino, pg. 1*CHAPTER 2. The Rest Mass of the Neutrino, pg. 10*CHAPTER 3. Neutrino Recoils Following the Capture of Orbital Electrons, pg. 20*CHAPTER 4. The Electron-Neutrino Angular Correlation in Beta-Decay, pg. 39*CHAPTER 5. Electron-Neutrino Angular Correlation Experiments, pg. 50*CHAPTER 6. Double Beta-Decay, pg. 115*CHAPTER 7. Detection of the Free Neutrino, pg. 136*CHAPTER 8. Meson-Neutrino Reactions, pg. 148*INDEX, pg. 165

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Book SynopsisThe clearest, most accessible explanation yet of the amazing world of quantum mechanics: a Duckworth contemporary classic, beautifully repackaged for our 125th anniversaryTrade Review'A fascinating read and a must for anyone who would like to find out the latest experimental advances made in this most fundamental of quantum experiments' Physics World‘Offers beginners the tools they need to seriously engage with the philosophical questions that likely drew them to quantum mechanics’ Science‘Cleverly comes at quantum physics from a different direction... An excellent addition to the “Quantum physics for the rest of us” shelf’ Brian Clegg‘Simply an outstanding exploration of the double slit experiment and what makes it so weird’ Forbes

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Book SynopsisHiggs Force is a gripping account of the scientists who have revealed the hidden structure of the natural world. It is the story of the fundamental components of matter and the forces that bind them together; a tale that is woven around the symmetry at the heart of the universe and the mystery of how this symmetry is broken.Trade Review"Higgs Force takes a new approach to contemporary physics, and makes notoriously difficult material accessible and approachable. The book is very readable and entertaining, and I will certainly recommend it to my first year undergraduates, to whom it will greatly appeal." Tony Mann, President of the British Society for the History of Mathematics "Higgs Force, by Nicholas Mee, takes the reader on a fascinating intellectual journey: our endeavours to uncover and understand the laws governing the universe, with particular emphasis on the beautiful ideas arising from symmetry. This is a remarkable story, and it is told here with lucidity and verve." Jonathan Evans, University Lecturer, Cambridge University "Nicholas Mee acts as the trigger as he selects the tales to tell of those whose work has helped reveal the structure of matter and the laws of nature, culminating in the present hunt for the Higgs particle. The result is an intellectual journey that ends at the LHC near Geneva but begins with the Big Bang 13.75 billion years ago (...) This book is far broader and more accessible than its title may suggest." Manjit Kumar, Literary Review, Issue 396, March 2012 "... Higgs Force, the book that seeks to explain how modern physicists understand the universe by exposing the complex secrets of matter (...) You have to have a vested interest in the subject matter to be able to read Higgs Force, more than just a passing fancy." Neil Buchanan, www.starburstmagazine.com, 08 March 2012 "... it provides a well-written and clearly explained overview of the way in which our understanding of the fundamental forces in nature has developed over the last two thousand years (...) It might be particularly suitable as preliminary reading for those intending to study Physics at university." www.bookwitch.wordpress.com, 11 March 2012 "In Higgs Force, Nicholas Mee, a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society with a doctorate in theorical particle physics from Cambridge University, lays out why the Higgs matters, and what is being done to find it." www.economist.com, 3 March 2012 'Every so often, physics get sexy ... [Nicholas Mee's] first book aims to do for the Higgs boson what Stephen Hawking did for the black hole ... There's no shirking on detail ... it offers a humble insight into a discipline that few people understand, equipping the reader with enough insight to explain the 'God particle' to impress friends ... the book's greatest strength is in ... the vivid depictions of the story's characters ... Higgs Force is an accomplished and engaging read ... lively biographies keep the pages turning in a way most popular science books fail to do.' Dr Stu in Guru Magazine Issue.5 02 April, 2012 "Physicists rarely become household names. Pretty much anyone watching television in Britain will have heard of Brian Cox who is credited with making physics sexy again. [ - ] One day, though, Peter Higgs and his eponymous boson might outshine them all. [ - ] In "Higgs Force" Nicholas Mee, a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society with a doctorate in theoretical particle physics from Cambridge University, lays out why the Higgs matters, and what is being done to find it." Newstoday.com, Apr 2012

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Book SynopsisThis second edition course text provides a general overview of jet physics by presenting the basic experimental and theoretical problems arising when dealing with jets, and describing the solutions proposed in recent years. This book covers jet algorithms, the theory of strong interactions (QCD), and how, from a set of observed jets, it is possible to extract information about the elementary event that has produced them. As a second edition, this book builds upon and complements the first through updated and significantly expanded chapters. Fully worked-out examples within each chapter invite the reader to appreciate the relevant questions that arise in cutting-edge research on jet physics.Key FeaturesAccessible to undergraduate and postgraduate studentsProvides a concise introduction to both QCD and jet physicsEnables the reader to access the relevant literatur

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