Particle and high-energy physics Books
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation
Book SynopsisThis book addresses the needs of growing community of graduate students and researchers new to the area, for a survey that covers a wide range of pertinent topics, summarizes the current status of the field, and provides the necessary pedagogical materials for newcomers. The investigation of strongly interacting matter under the influence of macroscopic rotational motion is a new, emerging area of research that encompasses a broad range of conventional physics disciplines such as nuclear physics, astrophysics, and condensed matter physics, where the non-trivial interplay between global rotation and spin is generating many novel phenomena. Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field, this book covers the following topics: thermodynamics and equilibrium distribution of rotating matter; quantum field theory and rotation; phase structure of QCD matter under rotation; kinetic theory of relativistic rotating matter; hydrodynamics with spin; magnetic effects in fluid systems with high vorticity and charge; polarization measurements in heavy ion collisions; hydrodynamic modeling of the QCD plasma and polarization calculation in relativistic heavy ion collisions; chiral vortical effect; rotational effects and related topics in neutron stars and condensed matter systems.Trade Review“The book is interesting to everyone who wants to have the detailed and comprehensive review of recent developments in strongly interacting matter under the influence of macroscopic rotational motion.” (Dominik Strzałka, zbMATH 1480.82001, 2022)Table of Contents1. Strongly Interacting Matter under Rotation: An Overview.- 2. Quantum Field Theory and Rotation.- 3. Thermodynamics of Rotating Matter.- 4. Phase Structure of Matter under Rotation.- 5. The Spin Transport of Relativistic Rotating Matter.- 6. Relativistic Hydrodynamics with Spin.- 7. Global and Local Polarization Measurements at RHIC.- 8. Global and Local Polarization Measurements at LHC.- 9. Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Hydrodynamic Models.- 10. Vorticity and Polarization in Heavy Ion Collisions: Transport Models.- 11. Magnetic Effects of Charged Fluid under Rotation.- 12. A Review of Chiral Vertical Effect.
£52.24
Springer Nature Switzerland AG The Theory of Direct Dark Matter Detection: A Guide to Computations
Book SynopsisThis book is a pedagogical guide on how to make computations in direct dark matter (DM) detection. The theory behind the calculation of direct detection cross sections and rates is presented, touching aspects related to elementary particle physics, hadronic physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. The book is structured in self-contained sections, covering several topics ranging from the scattering kinematics to the phenomenology of direct DM searches. It follows a model-independent approach, aiming at providing the readers with all that is needed to understand the theory and start their own analysis. Meant for graduate students and researchers with interests in particle physics and phenomenology, it is enriched with several worked examples from standard and non-standard particle DM models. Senior researchers working in different areas related to dark matter, like particle and nuclear physics, astrophysics, and cosmology, find in this book a useful and updated guide for reference.Trade Review“I personally believe this is a very useful read for students, researchers already in the field, or anyone who wants to understand the theoretical framework behind every direct dark-matter-search experiment. I think Del Nobile managed to cover all the necessary ingredients in an extensive and yet not-overwhelming way, and this volume will definitely find its spot on many bookshelves.” (Nikolina Šarčević, The Observatory, Vol. 143 (1294), June, 2023)Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Rate Basics – Scattering rate – Detection rate 3. Scattering kinematics Preliminaries – Two-particle kinematics – Elastic scattering – Inelastic scattering 4. From quarks and gluons to nucleons Hadronic matrix elements – Scalar couplings – Pseudo-scalar couplings – Vector couplings – Axial-vector couplings – Tensor couplings 5. DM-nucleon interaction Non-relativistic expansion – Non-relativistic operators – Examples 6. From nucleons to nuclei Nuclear and single-nucleon matrix elements – Scattering amplitude – Nuclear form factors – Multipole expansion and nuclear responses – Scattering amplitude in the multipole expansion 7. Scattering cross section Differential cross section – Spin-independent interaction – Spin-dependent interaction – Vector-mediated interaction – Scalar-mediated interaction – Magnetic-dipole DM 8. DM velocity distribution and velocity integral DM velocity distribution in Earth’s frame – Annual modulation – Computing the velocity integral – Standard Halo Model 9. Phenomenology of direct DM detection Setup and example models – Rate spectrum – Constraining DM properties 10. Summary A kind of afterword – Two-pages summary – Q&A
£54.99
Springer International Publishing AG Particle Polarization in High Energy Physics: An Introduction and Case Studies on Vector Particle Production at the LHC
Book SynopsisThis open-access book addresses the following questions: how does the polarization of a particle, i.e., the angular momentum state in which it is produced, manifest itself in nature? What are the concepts and tools needed to perform rigorous measurements providing complete and unambiguous physical information?Polarization measurements are important because they reflect the nature and coupling properties of a particle and provide unique insights into the underlying fundamental interactions, playing a central role in the study and understanding of the mechanisms of particle production.Besides gradually reviewing many fundamental notions, the book presents several case studies relevant to physics analyses underway at the LHC, including the lepton-antilepton decays of vector states (Drell–Yan, Z and W bosons, quarkonia, etc.). The book also offers a detailed discussion of cascade decays, where the vector particle is a daughter of another particle, as well as a survey of typical angular distributions of particles of any integer or half-integer spin.With a visual approach to the presentation of the concepts and frequent use of pedagogical examples, taken from real measurements, gedankenexperiments, or detailed simulations, the book focuses on aspects of polarization measurements that are sometimes underestimated or left unexplored in experimental analyses, such as the importance of the choice of the reference frame, the existence of frame-independent relations, and the shapes of the physically allowed parameter domains. Several examples are provided of pitfalls introduced when the intrinsic multidimensionality of the problem is neglected in exchange for a simplified analysis.Targeting an audience of graduate students, post-docs, and other researchers involved in analyses of LHC data, this book helps to establish a solid bridge between high precision data, existing or soon to be collected, and accurate measurements, including high-sensitivity tests of the Standard Model.Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 2. Basics of Angular Distributions.- 3. Two-body Decays of vector particles.- 4. Pitfalls in Polarization Measurements.- 5. Using Polarization to Discriminate Physical Hypotheses.
£38.84
Springer International Publishing AG Perturbative Aspects of the Deconfinement Transition: Beyond the Faddeev-Popov Paradigm
Book SynopsisThis book offers an original view of the color confinement/deconfinement transition that occurs in non-abelian gauge theories at high temperature and/or densities. It is grounded on the fact that the standard Faddeev-Popov gauge-fixing procedure in the Landau gauge is incomplete. The proper analysis of the low energy properties of non-abelian theories in this gauge requires, therefore, the extension of the gauge-fixing procedure, beyond the Faddeev-Popov recipe. The author reviews various applications of one such extension, based on the Curci-Ferrari model, with a special focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition, first in the case of pure Yang-Mills theory, and then, in a formal regime of Quantum Chromodynamics where all quarks are considered heavy. He shows that most qualitative aspects and also many quantitative features of the deconfinement transition can be accounted for within the model, with only one additional parameter. Moreover, these features emerge in a systematic and controlled perturbative expansion, as opposed to what would happen in a perturbative expansion within the Faddeev-Popov model. The book is also intended as a thorough and pedagogical introduction to background field gauge techniques at finite temperature and/or density. In particular, it offers a new and promising view on the way these techniques might be applied at finite temperature. The material aims at graduate students or researchers who wish to deepen their understanding of the confinement/deconfinement transition from an analytical perspective. Basic knowledge of gauge theories at finite temperature is required, although the text is designed in a self-contained manner, with most concepts and tools introduced when needed. At the end of each chapter, a series of exercises is proposed to master the subject.Table of ContentsGeneral introduction Chapter 1: Faddeev-Popov gauge fixing and the Curci-Ferrari model 1.1 Standard gauge fixing 1.2 Infrared completion of the gauge fixing 1.3 Review of results within the Curci-Ferrari model Appendix: BRST transformations under the functional integral Chapter 2: Deconfinement transition and center symmetry 2.1 The Polyakov loop 2.2 Center symmetry 2.3 Center symmetry and gauge fixing Chapter 3: Background Field Gauges: States and Symmetries 3.1 The role of the background field with regard to center symmetry 3.2 Self-consistent backgrounds 3.3 Other symmetries 3.4 Additional remarks Chapter 4: Background Field Gauges: Weyl chambers 4.1 Constant temporal backgrounds 4.2 Winding and Weyl transformations 4.3 Weyl chambers and symmetries Appendix: Euclidean space-time symmetries Chapter 5: Yang-Mills deconfinement transition from the Curci-Ferrari model at leading order 5.1 Landau-deWitt gauge 5.2 Background field effective potential 5.3 SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups 5.4 Thermodynamics Chapter 6: Yang-Mills deconfinement transition from the Curci-Ferrari model at next-to-leading order 6.1 Feynman rules and color conservation 6.2 Two-loop effective potential 6.3 Next-to-leading order Polyakov loop 6.4 Results Chapter 7: More on the relation between the center symmetry group and the deconfinement transition 7.1 Polyakov loops in other representations 7.2 SU(4) Weyl chambers 7.3 One-loop results7.4 Casimir scaling Chapter 8: Background field gauges: adding quarks and density 8.1 General considerations 8.2 Continuum sign problems 8.3 Background field gauges Chapter 9: QCD decofinement transition in the heavy quark regime9.1 Background effective potential9.2 Phase structure at vanishing chemical potential9.3 Phase structure at imaginary chemical potential9.4 Phase structure at real chemical potentialChapter 10: A novel look at background field methods at finite temperature 10.1 Limitations of the standard approach 10.2 Center-symmetric Landau gauge 10.3 Implementation within the Curci-Ferrari model 10.4 Results 10.5 Connection to the self-consistent backgroundsConclusions and outlookAppendix A: The SU(N) Lie algebra Appendix B: Evaluating Matsubara sums
£53.25
Springer International Publishing AG Elementary Particles and Their Interactions
Book SynopsisThe Standard Model of elementary particle physics was tentatively outlined in the early 1970s. The concepts of quarks, leptons, neutrinos, gauge symmetries, chiral interactions, Higgs boson, strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism were all put together to form a unifying theory of elementary particles. Furthermore, the model was developed within the context of relativistic quantum field theory, making it compatible with all of the laws of Einstein's Special Relativity. The successes of the Standard Model over the years have been tremendous and enduring, leading up to the recent discovery and continuing study of the Higgs boson. This book is a comprehensive and technical introduction to Standard Model physics. Martin and Wells provide readers who have no prior knowledge of quantum field theory or particle physics a firm foundation into the fundamentals of both. The emphasis is on obtaining practical knowledge of how to calculate cross-sections and decay rates. There is no better way to understand the necessary abstract knowledge and solidify its meaning than to learn how to apply it to the computation of observables that can be measured in a laboratory. Beginning graduate students, both experimental and theoretical, and advanced undergraduate students interested in particle physics, will find this to be an ideal one-semester textbook to begin their technical learning of elementary particle physics.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Special Relativity and Lorentz Transformations.- Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Single Particles.- Field Theory and Lagrangians.- Quantum Electro-Dynamics (QED).- Decay Processes.- Fermi Theory of Weak Interactions.- Gauge theories.- Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD).- Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking.- The Standard Electroweak Model.
£75.99
Springer International Publishing AG A First Introduction to Quantum Physics
Book SynopsisIn this undergraduate textbook, now in its 2nd edition, the author develops the quantum theory from first principles based on very simple experiments: a photon traveling through beam splitters to detectors, an electron moving through magnetic fields, and an atom emitting radiation. From the physical description of these experiments follows a natural mathematical description in terms of matrices and complex numbers.The first part of the book examines how experimental facts force us to let go of some deeply held preconceptions and develops this idea into a description of states, probabilities, observables, and time evolution. The quantum mechanical principles are illustrated using applications such as gravitational wave detection, magnetic resonance imaging, atomic clocks, scanning tunneling microscopy, and many more. The first part concludes with an overview of the complete quantum theory.The second part of the book covers more advanced topics, including the concept of entanglement, the process of decoherence or how quantum systems become classical, quantum computing and quantum communication, and quantum particles moving in space. Here, the book makes contact with more traditional approaches to quantum physics. The remaining chapters delve deeply into the idea of uncertainty relations and explore what the quantum theory says about the nature of reality.The book is an ideal accessible introduction to quantum physics, tested in the classroom, with modern examples and plenty of end-of-chapter exercises.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Three simple experiments.- The purpose of physical theories.- A laser and a detector.- A laser and a beam splitter.- A Mach-Zehnder interferometer.- The breakdown of classical concepts.- Chapter 2: Photons and Interference.- Photon paths and superpositions.- The beam splitter as a matrix.- The phase in an interferometer.- How to calculate probabilities.- Gravitational wave detection.- Chapter 3: Electrons with Spin.- The Stern-Gerlach experiment.- The spin observable.- The Bloch sphere.- The uncertainty principle.- Magnetic resonance imaging.- Chapter 4: Atoms and Energy.- The energy spectrum of atoms.- Changes over time.- The Hamiltonian.- Interactions.- Atomic clocks.- Chapter 5: Operators.- Eigenvalue problems.- Observables.- Evolution.- The commutator.- Projectors.- Chapter 6: Entanglement.- The state of two electrons.- Entanglement.- Quantum teleportation.- Quantum computers.- Chapter 7: Decoherence.- Classical and quantum uncertainty.- The density matrix.- Interactions with the environment.- Entropy and Landauer’s principle.- Chapter 8: The Motion of Particles.- A particle in a box.- The momentum of a particle.- The energy of a particle.- The scanning tunneling microscope.- Chemistry.- Chapter 9: Uncertainty Relations.- Quantum uncertainty revisited.- Position-momentum uncertainty.- The energy-time uncertainty relation.- The quantum mechanical pendulum.- Precision measurements.- Chapter 10: The Nature of Reality.- The emergent classical world.- The quantum state revisited.- Nonlocality.- Contextuality.- A compendium of interpretations.
£45.55
Springer International Publishing AG Response of the High Granularity Calorimeter HGCAL and Characterisation of the Higgs Boson
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£134.99
Springer International Publishing AG The Dark Arrow of Time: A Scientific Novel
Book SynopsisThis riveting scientific novel combines adventure, love, suspense, magic, pathos, and mystery in a carefully woven plot that is full of unexpected twists and turns. The author is an astrophysicist who has developed an alternative theory, which holds that traveling in time is possible. Time is, in fact, the real protagonist of the novel and of the intrigue surrounding the attempt to seize the secret of Time’s other arrow, the dark arrow normally hidden from us, which points back at our past. The underlying premise is that antimatter is nothing more than common matter moving backwards in time. The justification for this interpretation has been with us for some time, “hiding in plain sight” within Maxwell’s equations, the Lorentz transformations, the CPT theorem of relativistic quantum mechanics, and Feynman diagrams. While the science underlying the narrative is explained whenever necessary, sometimes with the aid of simple mathematical formulas, these scientific asides account for only a small part of the book, which will appeal to a wide audience, including readers who are far from being science buffs.Table of ContentsI Very fidgety, the fat lady next to him.- II They were flying over gentle crimson hills.- III Helias slept fitfully.- IV “Why did you do that?”.- V The next morning it rained.- VI Seated behind his enormous desk.- VII A sort of autumn had arrived.- VIII The professor, with his most blissful expression.- IX As they came closer to Mars.- X The pilot and the prisoner had reached the shuttle.- XI Nothing moved in the silent valley.- XII Helias was stretched out on the floor of his room.- XIII “Are they high enough yet?”.- XIV The meeting had left Helias Kadler shaken and confused.- XV In that moment, Helias could remember very little of his conjectures.- XVI But Dr. Kadler, that hot afternoon near a sea on the planet Thaýma.- XVII Helias had sat down on the step.- XVIII Everything had ended well.
£999.99
Springer International Publishing AG Space Charge Physics for Particle Accelerators
Book SynopsisUnderstanding and controlling the physics of space charge effects in linear and circular proton and ion accelerators are essential to their operation, and to future high-intensity facilities. This book presents the status quo of this field from a theoretical perspective, compares analytical approaches with multi-particle computer simulations and – where available – with experiments. It discusses fundamental concepts of phase space motion, matched beams and modes of perturbation, along with mathematical models of analysis – from envelope to Vlasov-Poisson equations. The main emphasis is on providing a systematic description of incoherent and coherent resonance phenomena; parametric instabilities and sum modes; mismatch and halo; error driven resonances; and emittance exchange due to anisotropy, as well as the role of Landau damping. Their distinctive features are elaborated in the context of numerous sample simulations, and their potential impacts on beam quality degradation and beam loss are discussed. The book is intended for advanced beginners in accelerator research, and for experts interested in the mechanisms of direct space charge interaction and their modeling.Table of ContentsDedication.- Preface.- Introduction.- Phase Space Dynamics in Theory and Simulation.- Vlasov and Envelope Analysis.- Matched Beams.- Modes of Space Charge Interaction.- Beam Mismatch and Halo.- Coherent Parametric Instabilities.- Magnet Error Driven Coherent Resonances.- Emittance Exchange in Anisotropic Beams.- Discussion of Space Charge in Accelerator Design.- Epilogue.- Glossary.
£67.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG An Introduction to Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries for Particle Physicists
Book SynopsisThis lecture note provides a tutorial review of non-Abelian discrete groups and presents applications to particle physics where discrete symmetries constitute an important principle for model building. While Abelian discrete symmetries are often imposed in order to control couplings for particle physics—particularly model building beyond the standard model—non-Abelian discrete symmetries have been applied particularly to understand the three-generation flavor structure. The non-Abelian discrete symmetries are indeed considered to be the most attractive choice for a flavor sector: Model builders have tried to derive experimental values of quark and lepton masses, mixing angles and CP phases on the assumption of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries of quarks and leptons, yet lepton mixing has already been intensively discussed in this context as well. Possible origins of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry for flavors are another topic of interest, as they can arise from an underlying theory, e.g., the string theory or compactification via orbifolding as geometrical symmetries such as modular symmetries, thereby providing a possible bridge between the underlying theory and corresponding low-energy sector of particle physics. The book offers explicit introduction to the group theoretical aspects of many concrete groups, and readers learn how to derive conjugacy classes, characters, representations, tensor products, and automorphisms for these groups (with a finite number) when algebraic relations are given, thereby enabling readers to apply this to other groups of interest. Further, CP symmetry and modular symmetry are also presented.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Basics of Finite Groups.- SN.- AN.- 5 T ′.- DN.- QN.- QD2N.- Σ(2N ).- Δ (3N2).- TN.- Σ(3N3).- Δ(6N2).- Subgroups and Decompositions of Multiplets.- Anomalies.- Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetry in Quark/Lepton Flavor Models.- Modular Group.- CP Symmetry.- Appendices.
£58.49
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Quantum Collision Theory of Nonrelativistic Particles: An Introduction
Book SynopsisThis book introduces the scattering theory of nonrelativistic systems, a standard tool for interpreting collision experiments with quantum particles at energies not too high. The goal is to explore the interaction between particles and their properties. The authors cover the basics of the theory through a detailed discussion of elastic scattering using the stationary Schrödinger equation and the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. These remarks are supplemented by a consideration of the time-dependent formulation of scattering theory. Selection rules for effective cross sections due to symmetries conditioned by the structure of the interparticle forces and the scattering of spin-polarized particles are discussed. The foundations for the treatment of inelastic processes are laid and explained by application to three-body and nucleotransfer processes.In all chapters, the more technical, mathematical aspect and the more physics-oriented explanations are separated as far as possible. The explanations are well comprehensible and suitable to introduce the reader to the physics of impact processes.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Streutheorie in der nichtrelativistischen Quantenmechanik by Reiner M. Dreizler, Tom Kirchner & Cora S. Lüdde, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2018. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). The present version has been revised extensively with respect to technical and linguistic aspects by the authors. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.Table of Contents1 Elastic scattering: stationary formulation - differential equations.- 2 Elastic scattering: stationary formulation - integral equations.- 3 Elastic scattering: time-dependent formulation.- 4 Conservation laws in scattering theory.- 5 Elastic scattering: the analytical structure of the S-matrix.- 6 Elastic scattering with spin-polarized particles.- 7 Remarks on multichannel problems.- Bibliography.
£58.49
Birkhauser Verlag AG Symmetry Breaking in the Standard Model: A
Book SynopsisThe book provides a non-perturbative approach to the symmetry breaking in the standard model, in this way avoiding the critical issues which affect the standard presentations. The debated empirical meaning of global and local gauge symmetries is clarified. The absence of Goldstone bosons in the Higgs mechanism is non-perturbatively explained by the validity of Gauss laws obeyed by the currents which generate the relatedglobal gauge symmetry. The solution of the U(1) problem and the vacuum structure in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are obtained without recourse to the problematic semiclassical instanton approximation, by rather exploiting the topology of the gauge group.Table of ContentsSpontaneous symmetry breaking.- Goldstone theorem. Breaking gauge symmetries.- Higgs mechanism.- U(1) problem in QCD; a solution without instantons.- Gauge group topology and $\theta$ vacuum structure.
£17.09
Springer Particles and Fundamental Interactions: An Introduction to Particle Physics
Book SynopsisThe book provides theoretical and phenomenological insights on the structure of matter, presenting concepts and features of elementary particle physics and fundamental aspects of nuclear physics. Starting with the basics (nomenclature, classification, acceleration techniques, detection of elementary particles), the properties of fundamental interactions (electromagnetic, weak and strong) are introduced with a mathematical formalism suited to undergraduate students. Some experimental results (the discovery of neutral currents and of the W± and Z0 bosons; the quark structure observed using deep inelastic scattering experiments) show the necessity of an evolution of the formalism. This motivates a more detailed description of the weak and strong interactions, of the Standard Model of the microcosm with its experimental tests, and of the Higgs mechanism. The open problems in the Standard Model of the microcosm and macrocosm are presented at the end of the book. Table of ContentsPreface.- 1. Historical Notes and Fundamental Concepts.- 2. Particle Interactions with Matter and Detectors.- 3. Particle Accelerators and Particle Detection.- 4. The Paradigm of Interactions: the Electromagnetic Case.- 5. First Discussion of the Other Fundamental Interactions.- 6 Invariance and Conservation Principles.- 7. Hadron Interactions at Low Energies and the Static Quark Model.- 8. Weak Interactions and Neutrinos.- 9. Discoveries in Electron-Positron Collisions.- 10. High Energy Interactions at the Dynamic Quark Model.- 11. The Standard Model of the Microcosm.- 12. CP-Violation and Particle Oscillations.- 13. Microcosm and Macrocosm.- 14. Fundamental aspects of Nucleon Interactions.- Appendix 1. Periodic Table.- Appendix 2. The natural units in subnuclear physics.- Appendix 3. Basic concepts of relativity and classical EM.- Appendix 4. Dirac’s equation and formalism.- Appendix 5. Physical and astrophysical constants.- References.- Index.
£56.99
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Steven Weinberg: Selected Papers
Book SynopsisSteven Weinberg (1933-2021) was a theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate who contributed tremendously to particle physics. Until his death, Weinberg was regarded by many as the greatest living scientist. His most well-known work was the formulation of electroweak theory for which he earned the 1979 Nobel Prize with Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam, but his research spanned many other fields. Examples include effective Lagrangians, quantum chromodynamics, supersymmetry, quantum gravity, and cosmology.Weinberg's publications were renowned not only for their profundity and originality but also for their devastating logic and clarity. This volume brings together 37 of his most significant papers, together with commentaries, providing today's physicists with easy access to these seminal papers. More than just a collection, this selection by editor Michael Duff places each article into a comprehensive overview, providing the reader with the scientific and historical context of Weinberg's finest papers.
£121.50
Springer Verlag, Singapore Phase Space Dynamics in Plasma Based Wakefield Acceleration
Book SynopsisThis book explores several key issues in beam phase space dynamics in plasma-based wakefield accelerators. It reveals the phase space dynamics of ionization-based injection methods by identifying two key phase mixing processes. Subsequently, the book proposes a two-color laser ionization injection scheme for generating high-quality beams, and assesses it using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. To eliminate emittance growth when the beam propagates between plasma accelerators and traditional accelerator components, a method using longitudinally tailored plasma structures as phase space matching components is proposed. Based on the aspects above, a preliminary design study on X-ray free-electron lasers driven by plasma accelerators is presented. Lastly, an important type of numerical noise—the numerical Cherenkov instabilities in particle-in-cell codes—is systematically studied.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Plasma Based Acceleration 1.3 Particle-in-Cell Simulations 1.4 Motivation and Outline Chapter 2 Phase Space Dynamics of Injected Electron Beams in Ionization Injection 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Photoionization Process 2.3 The Residual Momentum 2.3.1 Initial Momentum from the Tunneling Ionization 2.3.2 The Momentum from the Lasers: Longitudinal Injection 2.3.3 The Momentum from the Lasers: Transverse Injection 2.3.4 The Thermal Emittance 2.4 Single Particle Motion in the Nonlinear Wake 2.5 Transverse Phase Mixing 2.5.1 Emittance Evolution: Growth and Oscillation in the Injection Stage 2.5.2 Emittance Evolution: Decrease and Regrowth in the Acceleration Stage 2.5.3 A Phenomenological Model 2.5.4 Comparisons with PIC Simulations 2.6 Longitudinal Phase Mixing 2.6.1 The Trapping Condition 2.6.2 Longitudinal Phase Mixing 2.7 Space Charge Effects 2.8 The Two-Color Ionization Injection 2.8.1 The Emittance in A Single Laser Case 2.8.2 The Two-Color Ionization Injection: Longitudinal Injection 2.8.3 The Two-Color Ionization Injection: Transverse Injection 2.9 Intrinsic Phase Space Discretization in Laser Triggered Ionization Injection 2.9.1 Single Laser Pulse Case 2.9.2 Beam Driver with a Laser Injector 2.10 Summary 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Emittance Growth between Stages 3.2.1 Emittance Growth in Free Space Drifting 3.2.2 Emittance Growth in A Uniform Focusing Field 3.3 Theoretical Analysis of A Matching Plasma 3.3.1 How to Design the Matching Plasma? 3.3.2 The Effect of the Energy Spread 3.4 Verification by PIC Simulations 3.4.1 Matching Between Two-Stage LWFAs 3.4.2 Matching in External Injection 3.4.3 Matching between LWFAs and the Quadrupoles 3.5 Summary Chapter 4 X-FELs Driven by Plasma Based Accelerators 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 The Basic Principles of FELs< 4.1.2 The Challenges and Opportunities of X-FELs Driven by plasma Based Accelerators 4.2 X-FEL Driven by A Two-Stage LWFA 4.2.1 Simulation of the Injector Stage 4.2.2 Simulation of the Accelerator Stage 4.2.3 Simulation of the Undulator Stage 4.3 Conclusions Chapter 5 Numerical Instability due to Relativistic Plasma Drift in EM-PIC Simulations 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 The Boosted Frame Simulations of LWFA 5.1.2 Numerical Noise Induced by Relativistic Plasma Drift in PIC Codes 5.2 Numerical Dispersion Relation for Cold Plasma Drift 5.2.1 Derivation of Dispersion Relation 5.2.2 Elements of Dispersion Relation Tensor 5.2.3 EM Modes, and Wave-Particle Resonance 5.3 Numerical Instability Induced by Relativistic Plasma Drift for the Yee Solver 5.3.1 Theoretical Analysis of the 2D Dispersion Relation 5.3.2 Simulation Study of the Instability 5.4 Asymptotic Expression for Instability Growth Rate 5.4.1 Derivation of Asymptotic Expression 5.4 2 Parameter Scans for Minimal Instability Growth Rate 5.5 Elimination of the Numerical Cerenkov Instability for Spectral EM-PIC codes 5.5.1 The NCI Modes For the Spectral Solver 5.5.2 The Positions and the Growth Rates of the NCI Modes for the Spectral Solver 5.53 LWFA Simulation in the Lorentz Boosted Frame with Spectral Solver 5.6 Conclusions Chapter 6 Summary 6.1 Concluding Remarks 6.2 Future Work Reference Acknowledgement Appendix A A.1 Derivation of the Emittance Evolution in the Acceleration Stage A.2 Interpolation Tensor and Finite Difference Operator
£80.99
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Proceedings Of The Conference In Honour Of The
Book SynopsisProfessor Freeman Dyson, a great physicist, thinker and futurist, has been very active in scientific, literary and public policy activities throughout his career. As a tribute to him on the occasion of his 90th birthday and to celebrate his lifelong contributions in physics, mathematics, astronomy, nuclear engineering and global warming, a conference covering a wide range of topics was held in Singapore from 26 to 29 August 2013. Distinguished scientists from around the world, including Nobel Laureate Professor David Gross, joined Professor Dyson in the celebration with a festival of lectures.This memorable volume collects an interesting lecture by Professor Dyson, Is a Graviton Detectable?, contributions by speakers at the conference, as well as guest contributions by colleagues who celebrated Dyson's birthday at Rutgers University and Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.About Freeman DysonFreeman John Dyson FRS, born December 15, 1923, is an eminent English-born American physicist, mathematician, and futurist. He is famous for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, mathematics, astronomy and nuclear engineering, as well as a renowned and best-selling author. He has spent most of his life as a professor of physics at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, taking time off to advise the US government and write books for the public. He has won numerous notable awards including the Enrico Fermi Award, Templeton Prize, Wolf Prize, Pomeranchuk Prize, and Henri Poincaré Prize.Table of ContentsIs a Graviton Detectable? (F Dyson); Dark Energy and Dark Matter in a Superfluid Universe (K Huang); Tenth-order QED contribution to the electron g-2 and high precision test of Quantum Electrodynamics (T Kinoshita); The Relativity of Space-Time-Property (R Delbourgo); Overview of the study of complex shapes of fluid membranes, the Helfrich model and new applications (O Zhong-can); Freeman in 1948 (C DeWitt); "Dear Professor Dyson": Twenty Years of Correspondence Between Freeman Dyson and Undergraduate Students (D Neuenschwander); Freeman Dyson: Some Early Recollections (M Longuet-Higgins); Carbon Humanism: Freeman Dyson and the looming battle between environmentalists and humanists (P Schewe).
£35.15
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Experimental Studies Of Neutrino Oscillations
Takaaki Kajita and Arthur McDonald have been jointly awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics 'for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass'. Takaaki Kajita is a Japanese physicist who is well known for neutrino experiments at the Kamiokande and the even more outsized Super-Kamiokande.This volume of collected works of Kajita on neutrino oscillations provides a good glimpse into the rise of Asian research in the frontiers of neutrino physics. Japan is now a major force in the study of the three families of neutrinos. Much remains to be done to clarify the Dirac vs. Majorana nature of the neutrino, and the cosmological implications of the neutrino. The collected works of Kajita and his Super-Kamiokande group will leave an indelible footprint in the history of big and better science.Copyright of the cover image belongs to Kamioka Observatory, ICRR (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research), The University of Tokyo.
£33.25
Johns Hopkins University Press Quantum Steampunk
Book SynopsisTrade Review[Yunger Halpern] reimagines 19th-century thermodynamics through a modern, quantum lens, playing with the aesthetics of the 1800s through trains, dirigibles and horseless carriages. It is a physics book, but one that is as likely to attract readers of science fiction as those of popular science.—Simon Ings, NewScientistAt this moment when quantum theory is being applied, nonexperts will find this guide helpful.—Harvard MagazineQuantum Steampunk is probably the best plain English explanation of quantum physics you'll find anywhere. Dr. Halpern uses illustrations, whimsical descriptions, and humor.—Quantum ZeitgeistAn entertaining book... that explains the essence and secrets of the many facets of quantum thermodynamics in layman's terms....By adding literary flair to otherwise dry technical content, Yunger Halpern masterfully conveys in simple terms the variety of complex ideas that characterize the different subfields of quantum thermodynamics.—Physics Today[Yunger Halpern] combines fragments of a yet-to-be-written steampunk novel with her personal and technical accounts of coming of age in the modern era of quantum thermodynamics.This optimistic, balanced view of modern quantum research, emphasizing fundamentals and minimizing hype, is a good introduction for the general scientific-minded reader.—Charles Clark, NIST ConnectionsTable of ContentsPrologue. Once upon a time in physicsChapter 1. Information theory: Of passwords and probabilitiesChapter 2. Quantum physics: Everything at once, or, one thing at a time?Chapter 3. Quantum computation: Everything at onceChapter 4. Thermodynamics: "May I drive?"Chapter 5. A fine merger: Thermodynamics, information theory, and quantum physicsChapter 6. The physics of yesterday's tomorrow: The landscape of quantum steampunkChapter 7. Pedal to the metal: Quantum thermal machinesChapter 8. Tick tock: Quantum clocksChapter 9. Unsteady as she goes: Fluctuation relationsChapter 10. Entropy, energy, and a tiny possibility: One-shot thermodynamicsChapter 11. Resource theories: A ha'penny of a quantum stateChapter 12. The unseen kingdom: When quantum observables don't cooperateChapter 13. All over the map: Rounding out our tourChapter 14. Stepping off the map: Quantum steampunk crosses bordersEpilogue. Where to next? The future of quantum steampunkAcknowledgmentsGlossaryReferencesIndex
£22.50
Oneworld Publications The Neutrino Hunters: The Chase for the Ghost
Book SynopsisBefore the Higgs boson, there was a maddening search for another particle that holds the secrets of the universe – the neutrino. First detected in 1956, it teased the answers to science’s greatest mysteries. How did the Big Bang happen? What might ‘dark matter’ be made of? And could faster-than light travel be possible, overturning Einstein’s theory of special relativity? But the hunt for the neutrino and its meaning has also involved adventures, from Cold War defections and extra dimensions to mile-deep holes in the Antarctic ice and a troubled genius who disappeared without a trace. Renowned astrophysicist and award-winning science writer Ray Jayawardhana delivers a thrilling detective story of revolutionary science from the dawn of the quantum age to today’s most inventive labs.Trade Review'The book has received much praise, with its entertaining storytelling by Jayawardhana - an award-winning science writer and celebrated researcher - applauded widely.' * New Statesman *‘A great ghost story and a thumping good piece of science writing rolled into one.’ * Observer *‘Jayawardhana goes a step further than just tracking the scientific progress made in the neutrino search: he tells a story… paced perfectly, with some very in-depth topics covered in a compelling and easily understandable way… a well-written and gripping history.’ * BBC Sky at Night *‘Strong on the history… comprehensive.’ * The Economist *'The Neutrino Hunters is a fascinating, comprehensive look at the monumental efforts to detect the least understood particle known to physics. While the Higgs boson might be more famous, Ray Jayawardhana reveals that neutrinos are far more mysterious, and may hold the key to the next breakthroughs in the field.' -- Chad Orzel, author of How to Teach Quantum Physics to Your Dog'Vividly, colourfully, and humorously captures the often offbeat characters who, over the past century, have pursued one of the most elusive – and significant – mysteries in the history of physics.' -- Richard Panek, author of The 4% Universe'Absorbing and accessibly told.' * The Bookseller *'Everything about neutrinos is fascinating. The various dramas associated with their discovery, our efforts to understand their very weird properties, and finally, what they have taught us about fundamental physics are remarkable. Ray Jayawardhana is the perfect person to convey these exciting stories.' -- Lawrence Krauss, author of The Physics of Star Trek and A Universe from Nothing'Move over Neil deGrasse Tyson and Brian Greene! Ray Jayawardhana is the new dean of popular science – a working scientist who can explain even the most complex matters in a clear and entertaining way. In Neutrino Hunters, he spins a thrilling tale that takes us from the deepest depths of the Earth to the farthest reaches of the universe. A wonderful read from start to finish.' -- Robert J. Sawyer, Hugo Award-winning author of Red Planet Blues and Fast Forward'Ray Jayawardhana’s thorough and lucid discussion of ghostly neutrinos whisks readers from subterranean labs and the thermonuclear hearts of stars into profound questions of the universe’s evolution, and why there is something rather than nothing. The Neutrino Hunters is an excellent overview of a vibrant and vital area of research.' -- Lee Billings, author of Five Billion Years of Solitude'We are lucky to have Dr Jayawardhana – a first-rate storyteller who also knows the physics inside and out – to guide us through the science and the personalities behind this remarkable story.' -- Dan Falk, author of In Search of Time'In this richly detailed and nuanced book, scientist and author Ray Jayawardhana captures the incredible story of one of nature’s most ghostly, yet vital ingredients. From the Earth’s core to exploding stars, vanishing scientists, and the very essence of matter in the universe, it’s a wild and immensely satisfying ride.' -- Caleb Scharf, author of Gravity’s Engines'Ray Jayawardhana tells a whopping good ghost story. Beautifully written, Neutrino Hunters paints a vivid portrait of this new astronomy for the 21st century and the fascinating scientists who put it into place.' -- Marcia Bartusiak, author of The Day We Found the Universe'The Neutrino Hunters is a riveting mix of science and biography, providing both entertainment and painlessly assimilated information. Ray Jayawardhana makes clear that the story is just beginning, as neutrino astronomy is starting to provide new insights into the nature of the Universe.' -- John Gribbin, author of In Search of Schrodinger's Cat
£11.39
Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG Special Relativity in General Frames: From Particles to Astrophysics
Book SynopsisSpecial relativity is the basis of many fields in modern physics: particle physics, quantum field theory, high-energy astrophysics, etc. This theory is presented here by adopting a four-dimensional point of view from the start. An outstanding feature of the book is that it doesn’t restrict itself to inertial frames but considers accelerated and rotating observers. It is thus possible to treat physical effects such as the Thomas precession or the Sagnac effect in a simple yet precise manner. In the final chapters, more advanced topics like tensorial fields in spacetime, exterior calculus and relativistic hydrodynamics are addressed. In the last, brief chapter the author gives a preview of gravity and shows where it becomes incompatible with Minkowsky spacetime. Well illustrated and enriched by many historical notes, this book also presents many applications of special relativity, ranging from particle physics (accelerators, particle collisions, quark-gluon plasma) to astrophysics (relativistic jets, active galactic nuclei), and including practical applications (Sagnac gyrometers, synchrotron radiation, GPS). In addition, the book provides some mathematical developments, such as the detailed analysis of the Lorentz group and its Lie algebra. The book is suitable for students in the third year of a physics degree or on a masters course, as well as researchers and any reader interested in relativity. Thanks to the geometric approach adopted, this book should also be beneficial for the study of general relativity. “A modern presentation of special relativity must put forward its essential structures, before illustrating them using concrete applications to specific dynamical problems. Such is the challenge (so successfully met!) of the beautiful book by Éric Gourgoulhon.” (excerpt from the Foreword by Thibault Damour)Table of ContentsMinkowski Spacetime.- Worldlines and Proper Time.- Observers.- Kinematics 1: Motion with Respect to an Observer.- Kinematics 2: Change of Observer.- Lorentz Group.- Lorentz Group as a Lie Group.- Inertial Observers and Poincaré Group.- Energy and Momentum.- Angular Momentum.- Principle of Least Action.- Accelerated Observers.- Rotating Observers.- Tensors and Alternate Forms.- Fields on Spacetime.- Integration in Spacetime.- Electromagnetic Field.- Maxwell Equations.- Energy-Momentum Tensor.- Energy-Momentum of the Electromagnetic Field.- Relativistic Hydrodynamics.- What about Relativistic Gravitation?.- A Basic Algebra.- B Web Pages.- C Special Relativity Books.
£39.99
Cambridge University Press Gauge Theory of Weak Decays
Book SynopsisThis is the first advanced, systematic and comprehensive look at weak decays in the framework of gauge theories. Included is a large spectrum of topics, both theoretical and experimental. In addition to explicit advanced calculations of Feynman diagrams and the study of renormalization group strong interaction effects in weak decays, the book is devoted to the Standard Model Effective Theory, dominating present phenomenology in this field, and to new physics models with the goal of searching for new particles and interactions through quantum fluctuations. This book will benefit theorists, experimental researchers, and Ph.D. students working on flavour physics and weak decays as well as physicists interested in physics beyond the Standard Model. In its concern for the search for new phenomena at short distance scales through the interplay between theory and experiment, this book constitutes a travel guide to physics far beyond the scales explored by the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.Trade Review'The uniqueness of this book lies in its precious details on a wide variety of interesting rare processes. It is a key reference … promises to be extremely useful in the coming decades.' Gino Isidori, Opinion ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; Part I. Basics of Gauge Theories: 1. Fundamentals; Part II. The Standard Model: 2. The Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions; Part III. Weak Decays in the Standard Model: 3. Weak decays at tree level; 4. Technology beyond trees; 5. Short distance structure of weak decays; 6. Effective Hamiltonians for FCNC processes; 7. Non-perturbative methods in weak decays; 8. Particle-antiparticle mixing and CP violation in the Standard Model; 9. Rare B and K decays in the Standard Model; 10. ε′/ε in the Standard Model; 11. Charm flavour physics; 12. Status of flavour physics within the Standard Model; Part IV. Weak Decays beyond the Standard Model: 13. First steps beyond the Standard Model; 14. Standard Model Effective Theory; 15. Simplest extensions of the SM; 16. Specific models; 17. Beyond quark flavour physics; 18. Grand summary of new physics models; 19. Flavour expedition to the Zeptouniverse; 20. Summary and shopping list; Appendix A. Dirac algebra, spinors, Pauli and Gell-Mann matrices; Appendix B. Feynman rules of the Standard Model; Appendix C. Massive loop integrals; Appendix D. Numerical input; Appendix E. Analytic solutions to SMEFT RG equations; References; Index.
£74.09
Vintage Publishing Not Even Wrong
Book SynopsisNot Even Wrong is a fascinating exploration of our attempts to come to grips with perhaps the most intellectually demanding puzzle of all: how does the universe work at its most fundamnetal level?The book begins with an historical survey of the experimental and theoretical developments that led to the creation of the phenomenally successful ''Standard Model'' of particle physics around 1975. Despite its successes, the Standard Model does not answer all the key questions and physicists continuing search for answers led to the development of superstring theory. However, after twenty years, superstring theory has failed to advance beyond the Standard Model. The absence of experimental evidence is at the core of this controversial situation which means that it is impossible to prove that superstring theory is either right or wrong. To date, only the arguments of the theory''s advocates have received much publicity. Not Even Wrong provides readers with anothTrade ReviewHighly readable, accessible and powerfully persuasive -- John Cornwell * Sunday Times *Will embolden other string critics to speak up and encourage talented young physicists to pursue other lines of research -- John Horgan * Prospect *Compulsive reading -- Roger PenroseIt's a call to arms * New Scientist *
£14.39
Oxford University Press Quantum Mechanics for Beginners
Book SynopsisQuantum mechanics is a highly successful yet mysterious theory. Quantum Mechanics for Beginners provides an accessible introduction to this fascinating subject for those with only a high school background in physics and mathematics. This book is entirely algebra-based, except for the last chapter on the Schrodinger equation. A major advantage of this book is that it provides an introduction to the fields of quantum communication and quantum computing. Topics covered include wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty relation, Bohr''s principle of complementarity, quantum superposition and entanglement, Schrodinger''s cat, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, Bell theorem, quantum no-cloning theorem and quantum copying, quantum eraser and delayed choice, quantum teleportation, quantum key distribution protocols such as BB-84 and B-92, counterfactual communication, quantum money, quantum Fourier transform, quantum computing protocols including Shor and Grover algorithms, quantum dense coding, and quantum tunneling. All these topics and more are explained fully, but using only elementary mathematics. Each chapter is followed by exercises and a short list of references. This book is meant for beginning college students as well as advanced high school students, and can be used as a text for a one-semester course at the undergraduate level. It can also be useful for those who want to learn some of the fascinating recent and ongoing developments in areas related to the foundations of quantum mechanics and its applications to areas like quantum communication and quantum computing.Trade ReviewThe real attraction of Zubairy's book, which I think makes it unique, is the immensely readable introduction to the modern applications of quantum mechanics that derive from entanglement, such as quantum communication and computing, action at a distance, quantum encryption, Bell inequalities and all that. For someone, who has been used to employ quantum mechanics as the standard tool for the time-honored applications mentioned above, this is a wonderful book to update his or her understandings of these developments, which have pushed the foundations and the mystery of quantum mechanics again to the forefront of physics research. The book reminds one a lot of Feynman's approach to teaching quantum mechanics to undergraduates. It will make all these recent developments accessible to first-year students. It may persuade many a young student to personally partake in this exciting field of research. * Wilhelm Becker, Max Born Institute Berlin *The objectives of this book are two-fold. On one hand, the foundation of quantum mechanics and the laws of quantum theory are discussed. On the other hand, novel applications of these ideas to modern and evolving fields of quantum communication and quantum computing are presented, with as little mathematics as possible. The target audience is clearly undergraduate students in physics. But anyone curious about contemporary subjects in quantum physics (cryptography, teleportation, computing) will profit from reading this book. * Christian Brosseau, Optics and Photonics News *The illustrations and brief explanations are wonderfully easy to think about, and compact and accurate. A freshman student might not actually "learn" QM from taking a course based on this book, but he/she would be excellently prepared to go into it in a serious way at the next level, without distortions or mistaken impressions conveyed by a weaker text. The book is a true success. * Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester *Table of Contents1: What is this book about? I Introductory Topics 2: Mathematical background 3: Particle dynamics 4: Wave theory II Fundamentals of quantum mechanics 5: Fundamentals of quantum mechanics 6: Birth of quantum mechanics - Planck, Einstein, Bohr 7: de Broglie waves: Are electrons waves or particles? 8: Quantum interference -- wave-particle duality 9: Simplest quantum devices: Polarizers and beam splitters 10: Quantum superposition and entanglement 11: No-cloning theorem 12: EPR and Bell theorem III Quantum communication 13: Quantum secure communication 14: Quantum communication with invisible photons IV Quantum computing 15: Quantum computing I 16: Quantum computing II V Schrodinger equation 17: Demise of Newtonian dynamics: Schrodinger equation
£34.99
Springer International Publishing AG Introduction to Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
Book SynopsisAmong resummation techniques for perturbative QCD in the context of collider and flavor physics, soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) has emerged as both a powerful and versatile tool, having been applied to a large variety of processes, from B-meson decays to jet production at the LHC. This book provides a concise, pedagogical introduction to this technique. It discusses the expansion of Feynman diagrams around the high-energy limit, followed by the explicit construction of the effective Lagrangian - first for a scalar theory, then for QCD. The underlying concepts are illustrated with the quark vector form factor at large momentum transfer, and the formalism is applied to compute soft-gluon resummation and to perform transverse-momentum resummation for the Drell-Yan process utilizing renormalization group evolution in SCET. Finally, the infrared structure of n-point gauge-theory amplitudes is analyzed by relating them to effective-theory operators. This text is suitable for graduate students and non-specialist researchers alike as it requires only basic knowledge of perturbative QCD.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Strategy of Regions.- Scalar SCET.- Generalization to QCD.- Resummation by RG Evolution.- Threshold Resummation in Drell-Yan Production.- Transverse Momentum Resummation.- IR Divergences of Gauge Theory Amplitudes.- Outlook.- One-Loop Integrals.- Inverse Derivative Operator.- Momentum-space Freynman Rules for Soft Wilson Lines.- Wilson Lines and Gauge Transformations.- Decoupling Transformation and the Gluon Kinetic Term.- Color Space Formalism.- Anomalous Dimensions.
£999.99
Cambridge University Press Composite Fermions
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£90.24
Cambridge University Press Mass Dimension One Fermions
Book SynopsisIn 2005, Dharam Ahluwalia and Daniel Grumiller reported an unexpected theoretical discovery of mass dimension one fermions. These are an entirely new class of spin one half particles, and because of their mass dimensionality mismatch with the standard model fermions they are a first-principle dark matter candidate. Written by one of the physicists involved in the discovery, this is the first book to outline the discovery of mass dimension one fermions. Using a foundation of Lorentz algebra it provides a detailed construction of the eigenspinors of the charge conjugation operator (Elko) and their properties. The theory of dual spaces is then covered, before mass dimension one fermions are discussed in detail. With mass dimension one fermions having applications to cosmology and high energy physics, this book is essential for graduate students and researchers in quantum field theory, mathematical physics, and particle theory.Trade Review'This monograph presents several important concepts of quantum field theory in a different perspective and explores the consequences. If nothing else, it definitely contributes to reinforcing our understanding of current quantum field theory by separating out necessities from conventions in the formulation grounds of the theory. I am deeply convinced, however, that the additional elements presented in the book may serve a bigger purpose: the understanding of dark matter physics.' Julio Marny Hoff da Silva, Mathematical Reviews ClippingsTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; 1. Introduction; 2. A trinity of duplexities; 3. From elements of Lie symmetries to Lorentz algebra; 4. Representations of Lorentz Algebra; 5. Discrete symmetries: Part 1 (Parity); 6. Discrete symmetries: Part 2 (Charge conjugation); 7. Eigenspinors of charge conjugation operator, Elko; 8. Construction of Elko; 9. A hint for mass dimension one fermions; 10. CPT for Elko; 11. Elko in Shirokov-Trautman, Wigner, and Lounesto classifications; 12. Rotation induced effects on Elko; 13. Elko-Dirac interplay, a temptation and a departure; 14. An ab initio journey into duals; 15. Mass dimension one fermions; 16. Mass dimension one fermions as a first principle dark matter; 17. Continuing the story; Appendix: a brief survey of other Elko literature; References; Index.
£122.55
Cambridge University Press FineTuning in the Physical Universe
Book SynopsisIs the universe fine-tuned for complexity, life, or something else? This comprehensive overview of fine-tuning arguments in physics, with contributions from leading researchers in their fields, sheds light on this often used but seldom understood topic. Each chapter reviews a specific subject in modern physics, such as dark energy, inflation, or solar system formation, and discusses whether any parameters in our current theories appear to be fine-tuned and, if so, to what degree. Connections and differences between these fine-tuning arguments are made clear, and detailed mathematical derivations of various fine-tuned parameters are given. This accessible yet precise introduction to fine-tuning in physics will aid students and researchers across astrophysics, atomic and particle physics and cosmology, as well as all those working at the intersections of physics and philosophy.Trade Review'… the questions posed here are of strong interest to many … Recommended' C. Palma, ChoiceTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse Mario Livio and Martin Rees; 2. Hierarchy of Fine-Structure Constants Bernard Carr; Part II. Cosmological Fine-Tunings: 3. Naturalness, fine-tuning, and observer selection in cosmology John A. Peacock; 4. Cosmic Inflation: Trick or Treat? Jerome Martin; 5. Is the Universal Matter- Anti-matter Asymmetry Fine tuned? Gary Steigman and Robert J. Scherrer; 6. Structure Formation Adrianne Slyz; Part III. Fine-tuning in Particle and Nuclear Physics: 7. Nuclear physics and its impact on primordial and stellar nucleosynthesis Jean-Philippe Uzan; 8. Fine-Tunings at Particle Scales Giulia Zanderighi; 9. Dark Matter Edward W. Kolb; Part IV. Fine-tuning for life: 10. Fine-tuning: from stars to galaxies formation Joseph Silk; 11. How Special Is the Solar System? Mario Livio; 12. On the Temporal Habitability of Our Universe; 13. Climbing up the theories of Nature: Fine-Tuning and Biological Molecules Abraham Loeb.
£57.94
Cambridge University Press White Dwarfs as Probes of Fundamental Physics Iau S357
Book SynopsisWhite dwarfs are the most numerous members of the stellar graveyard. More than ninety percent of all stars will end their lives as white dwarfs. Research on these objects is fascinating in its own right, requiring developments in atomic data and the study of properties of matter under extreme conditions. However, these studies also have enormous impact on other areas of astrophysics, including: cosmology, the composition of extrasolar planets and fundamental physics. The proceedings of IAU Symposium 357 bring together experts from different branches of science working on white dwarfs, but also astronomers with expertise in a wide range of relevant disciplines. The resulting papers are organized around several key themes: SN Ia progenitors, debris from extrasolar planetary systems, fundamental physics, precision studies of white dwarf structure and stellar physics and Galactic evolution. They provide a framework for guiding the direction of white dwarf research for the next decade.Table of Contents1. Type Ia Supernova Sub-classes and Progenitor Origin Ashley Ruiter; 2. Convection in Common Envelopes and the Formation of Double White Dwarfs Emily Wilson; 3. Double Degenerate Candidates in the Open Cluster NGC 6633 Joseph Barnett; 4. ANTARES: A Gateway to ZTF and LSST Alerts Chien-Hsiu Lee; 5. Exoplanetary Oxygen Fugacities from Polluted White Dwarf Stars Alexandra Doyle; 6. Near-infrared Observations of Dusty White Dwarfs Laura Rogers; 7. The Search for Planet and Planetesimal Transits of White Dwarfs with the Zwicky Transient Facility Keaton Bell; 8. Searching for Low-mass Companions Around White Dwarfs and Subdwarfs from Kepler Field Jerzy Krzesinski; 9. Variation of Fundamental Constants and White Dwarfs Susana Landau; 10. Clues to the Origin and Properties of Magnetic White Dwarfs Adela Kawka; 11. A New Look at Magnetic White Dwarfs François Hardy; 12. Continuous Gravitational Wave from Magnetized White Dwarfs Surajit Kalita; 13. Laboratory Studies of Vacuum Ultra-Violet (VUV) Emission Spectra of Heavy Element Ions W.-Ü Lydia Tchang-Brillet; 14. Neutral Helium Line Profiles through the Simulation of Local Interactions Patrick Tremblay; 15. White-Dwarf Asteroseismology: An Update Alejandro Hugo Córsico; 16. Variable White Dwarfs: Past Progress, Future Opportunities Harry Shipman; 17. Evolution and Asteroseismology of Ultra-massive DA White Dwarfs Francisco De Gerónimo; 18. Validation of Asteroseismic Fitting with the New White Dwarf Evolution Code Agnes Kim; 19. The Chemical Structure of the Hot Pulsating DB White Dwarf KIC 08626021 from Asteroseismology Stephane Charpinet; 20. Searching for ZZ Ceti White Dwarfs in the Gaia Survey Olivier Vincent; 21. Pulsating White Dwarfs and Convection Judith Provencal; 22. Accreting Pulsating White Dwarfs: Probing Heating and Rotation Paula Szkody; 23. QPOs from Post-shock Accretion Column of Strongly Magnetized Accreting White Dwarfs Prasanta Bera; 24. White Dwarfs as Advanced Physics Laboratories: The Axion Case Jordi Isern; 25. The Real Time Evolution of Post-AGB Stars Marcin Hajduk; 26. (Pre-)White Dwarf Stars as Measuring Tools for Yields of AGB Nucleosynthesis Lisa Löbling; 27. The Spectral Evolution of Hot White Dwarfs Antoine Bédard; 28. The Spectral Evolution of Cool White Dwarfs Simon Blouin; 29. The Completeness of Gaia-Selected Samples of White Dwarfs: Are We There Yet? Terry Oswalt; 30. Two Delays in White Dwarf Evolution Revealed by Gaia Sihao Cheng; 31. Ensemble Evolutionary Studies of White Dwarfs in Open Star Clusters Kurtis Williams; 32. New Population Synthesis Approach: The Golden Path to Constrain Stellar and Galactic Physics Nadege Lagarde; 33. A Catalog of 159,238 White Dwarf Ages Ted von Hippel; 34. A Bayesian Analysis of White Dwarfs in Open Clusters Observed with Gaia Elizabeth Jeffery; 35. Testing White Dwarf Cosmochronology Using Wide Double White Dwarfs Tyler Heintz; 36. Statistics of White Dwarf Properties in Intermediate Polars Valery Suleimanov; 37. Realistic Models of Globular Clusters with White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes Using GPU Supercomputer Bhusan Kayastha; 38. Masses of White Dwarfs in Symbiotic Binaries Kenneth Hinkle; 39. Four New Self-lensing Binaries from Kepler: Radial Velocity Characterization and Astrophysical Implications Kento Masuda; 40. What Can ISM and Non-Photospheric Highly Ionised Lines in White Dwarf Spectra Reveal about the Beta CMa Tunnel? Nicolle Finch; 41. Geometry of Nova Ejecta M. Pavana; 42. Main Conclusions from Symposium Discussions Martin Barstow.
£104.00
Nova Science Publishers Inc Quark Matter: From Subquarks to the Universe
Book SynopsisThe meaning of "quark matter" is twofold: 1) It refers to compound states known as "subquarks" (the most fundamental constituents of matter), with quarks consisting of nuclear matter or "nucleons" (the constituents of the nucleus), and 2) compound states of quarks that consist of roughly equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks, and which may be absolutely stable. Recently, both types of quark matter have become very intriguing subjects in physics and astronomy since the recently discovered Higgs boson, which may be taken as a composite object (possibly, a bound state of subquark-antisubquark pairs). Additionally, many recently observed compact stars have been considered "strange stars" (stars consisting of quark matter). In this book, these subjects in physics and astronomy are discussed without requiring readers to comprehend mathematical details. This book consists of three chapters: Chapter One: "Quark Matter and Strange Stars", Chapter Two: "Composites of Subquarks as Quark Matter", and Chapter Three: "Dark Energy, Dark Matter, and Strange Stars". Their contents include the following: In Chapter One, quark matter and strange stars are discussed in detail. In Chapter Two, the unified subquark model of all fundamental particles (quarks, leptons, and gauge and Higgs bosons) and forces (strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces) is discussed in detail. In Chapter Three, pregeometry, in which the general theory of relativity for gravity can be derived as an approximate theory at long distances, is briefly reviewed. Furthermore, special and general theories of "inconstancy" in pregeometry in which fundamental physical constants may vary are introduced. Finally, possible solutions to the most puzzling problem in current cosmology of dark energy and dark matter in the universe are presented. Between Chapters One and Two, pictures of Dr. Abdus Salam added, as Dr. Salam was one of the founders of subquark models. Also, between Chapters Two and Three, pictures of Dr. Andrei Sakharov are added, as Dr. Sakharov was the founder of pregeometry.
£83.29
Nova Science Publishers Inc Leptons: Classes, Properties and Interactions
Book SynopsisIn Leptons: Classes, Properties and Interactions, the authors develop a model to calculate the masses of charged leptons by quantifying the electrostatic field generated by these particles. This model is extended to weak and strong interactions in order to calculate the masses of all elementary fermions.Next, by taking the SU(2) group of weak interactions in the presence of Electric Charge Swap-symmetry as a starting point, this compilation show that ordinary and non-regular leptons are related by the ECS-rotational SO(3) group. By considering the ECS-Hamiltonian quaternions for leptons, the authors find that the SU(5) Grand Unified Theory originates from the image of normalized quaternions group N(Q8) under the ECS-rotations.The differential cross-section corresponding to a dispersion process in the context of the 331RHν model is calculated in order to use the results in terrestrial and astrophysical experiments. The differential cross-section is written in terms of the mass of the new gauge boson Z', the mixing angle, the magnetic moment of the neutrino, and the charge radius.In closing, the authors obtain analytical expressions for the total cross section of the process e+e− τ+τ−γ in the context of the B-L model. The total cross section is analyzed in terms of themass of the new gauge boson Z', the mixing angle θ' of the B-L model, the magneticmoment and the electric dipole moment of the τ -lepton.
£999.99
Nova Science Publishers Inc Topics in Hadron Spectroscopy: Volume III
Book SynopsisThis is a Nova Science Publication.
£120.79
Nova Science Publishers Inc High Energy Physics Research Advances
Book Synopsis
£99.74
Unbound DARK: An A to Z of the Cosmos
Book SynopsisEver wanted to know more about the Big Bang but didn’t have Brian Cox’s email address? Ever wanted to cry out, ‘What on Earth is a black hole?’ but been afraid you’d be shouting into the abyss? Ever wanted to find out how gravity works but never found the book to pull you in?Well, have no fear: DARK is an easily digestible beginner’s guide to the Universe in a handy A to Z format, with entries on everything from Dark Matter and Quantum Physics to NASA and the Zoo Hypothesis.What’s more, the book is beautifully presented, so you’ll want to keep it out on display, dipping in to check exactly when it is that we humans are likely to be engulfed by the furnace of the Sun. It boasts a number of stunning design elements throughout, including original artworks and bespoke lettering to accompany each of the twenty-six chapters, as well as inspiring, enlightening and amusing quotes about space rendered in exquisitely considered typography.So, if you want to brush up on your astronomical ABCs while simultaneously receiving a visual massage from some rather splendid art and design, then this may well be the cosmic coffee-table book for you.
£23.75
Oxford University Press Methods of Xray and Neutron Scattering in Polymer Science
Book SynopsisThis book presents the basic theories underlying x-ray and neutron scattering, as well as the various techniques that have been developed for their application to the study of polymers. The two scattering methods are discussed together from the beginning, so as to allow readers to gain a unified view of the scattering phenomena. The book is introductory and may be used as a textbook in polumer science class or for self-study by polymer scientists new in scattering techniques.Trade Review"By presenting the two methods together and emphasizing their similarities, Ryong-Joon Roe has written an introductory textbook that enables readers to become equally familiar with both techniques ... Roe suceeds admirably in giving a balanced and unified presentation of the basic theory underlying both x-ray and neutron scattering" Physics TodayTable of Contents1: Basics of X-ray and Neutron Scattering 1.1: Properties of X-rays and Neutrons 1.2: Scattering and Interference 1.3: Scattering of X-rays 1.4: Scattering of Neutrons 1.5: Auto-correlation Function and Reciprocal Space 1.6: Scattering Due to the Sample as a Whole 1.7: Diffraction by Crystals 2: Experimental Techniques 2.1: Radiation Source 2.2: Monochromatization 2.3: Absorption 2.4: Detectors 2.5: Cameras and Diffractometers 2.6: Multiple Scattering 2.7: Absolute Intensity Calibration 3: Crystalline Polymers 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Lattice Parameters 3.3: Crystal Structure Analysis 3.4: Line Broadening and Crystal Imperfections 3.5: Degree of Crystallinity 3.6: Orientation 4: Amorphous Polymers 4.1: Short Range Order 4.2: Thermal Density Fluctuation 5: Small Angle Scattering 5.1: Model Structures Studied by Small Angle Scattering 5.2: Dilute Particulate System 5.3: Non-particulate Two-phase system 5.4: Fractal Objects 5.5: Periodic System 5.6: Slit Collimation and Desmearing 6: Polymer Blends, Block Copolymers, and Deuterium Labeling 6.1: Polymer Blends 6.2: Block Copolymers 6.3: Deuterium Labeling 7: Methods of Study for Surfaces and Interfaces 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Reflectivity 7.3: Approximate Method 7.4: Examples of Experimental Studies 8: Inelastic Neutron Scattering 8.1: Theory of Inelastic Scattering 8.2: Simple Models of Motions 8.3: Spectrometers 8.4: Examples of Experimental Studies Appendix A: Refresher on Complex Numbers Appendix B: Fourier Transform Appendix C: Reciprocal Lattice Appendix D: Constants and Conversion Factors Glossary of Symbols
£114.99
Clarendon Press The Physics of Particle Accelerators
Book SynopsisThe complex technology of particle accelerators is based upon a series of often rather simple physical concepts. This comprehensive introduction to the subject focuses on providing a deep physical understanding of these key ideas. The book surveys the many aspects of accelerator physics and not only explains how accelerators work, but also why the underlying physics leads to a particular choice of design or technique, and points out the limitations of the technology. The clear and thorough mathematical treatment always emphasizes the physical principles described by the equations, and includes a range of calculations which develop a genuine feeling for the quantities and concepts involved.Table of ContentsPreface ; List of symbols ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Synchroton radiation ; 3. Linear beam optics ; 4. Injection and extraction ; 5. RF systems for particle accelerators ; 6. Radiative effects ; 7. Luminosity ; 8. Wigglers and undulators ; 9. The free electron laser (FEL) ; 10. Diagnostics ; Appendix A: Maxwell's equations ; Appendix B: Some important relations in special relativity ; Appendix C: General equation of an ellipse in phase space ; References ; Index
£76.00
Clarendon Press Group Theory in Subnuclear Physics 19 Oxford Studies in Nuclear Physics
Book SynopsisThe book, which has grown out of a course given over the past ten years, provides an introduction to group theory and its application in subnuclear physics, particularly in multi-quark systems and hadron spectroscopy. A number of exercises, with solutions, are included.Trade ReviewThe book may be treated as a modern "practical introduction to concepts of group theory and some of their applications, especially in subnuclear physics"......In the text, the general statements and investigations are illustrated by many concrete examples given, as a rule, in explicit expanded mathematical form. A large number of tables (about 50) most of which are original forms an essential part of the book. * Zeitschrift fur Mathematik *Table of Contents1. Symmetries in quantum mechanics ; 2. Elements of group theory ; 3. Linear representations of a group ; 4. Permutation group Sn ; 5. Lie groups ; 6. The orthogonal group ; 7. The Poincare group and the Lorenz group ; 8. Unitary groups ; 9. Gauge groups ; 10. Multiquark systems ; Appendix A: Conservation Laws ; Appendix B: The rearrangement theorem, Schur's lemmas and the orthogonality theorem ; Appendix C: Invariant Integration ; Appendix D: Dimension of an SU(n) irrep
£180.00
Oxford University Press Gauging Whats Real
Book SynopsisGauge theories have provided our most successful representations of the fundamental forces of nature. How, though, do such representations work? Interpretations of gauge theory aim to answer this question. Through understanding how a gauge theory''s representations work, we are able to say what kind of world our gauge theories reveal to us.A gauge theory''s representations are mathematical structures. These may be transformed among themselves while certain features remain the same. Do the representations related by such a gauge transformation merely offer alternative ways of representing the very same situation? If so, then gauge symmetry is a purely formal property since it reflects no corresponding symmetry in nature.Gauging What''s Real describes the representations provided by gauge theories in both classical and quantum physics. Richard Healey defends the thesis that gauge transformations are purely formal symmetries of almost all the classes of representations provided by each ofTrade ReviewI loved this book. It is not an easy read, but it is deeply rewarding - an important monograph and a useful reference all in one. Its 2008 Lakatos prize was well-earned. * David John Baker Mind 119 *Healey's book is a major achievement that will undoubtably serve as a valuable reference work as well as stimulate further debate and research. * Ward Struyve, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. What is a Gauge Theory? ; 2. The Aharonov-Bohm E[currency]ect ; 3. Classical Gauge Theories ; 4. Interpreting Classical Gauge Theories ; 5. Quantized Yang-Mills Gauge Theories ; 6. The Empirical Import of Gauge Symmetry ; 7. Loop Representations ; 8. Interpreting Quantized Yang-Mills Gauge Theories ; 9. Conclusions
£116.38
Oxford University Press Atomic Physics
Book SynopsisThis book provides a bridge between the basic principles of physics learned as an undergraduate and the skills and knowledge required for advanced study and research in the exciting field of atomic physics. The text is organized in a unique and versatile format --- as a collection of problems, hints, detailed solutions, and in-depth tutorials. This enables the reader to open the book at any page and get a solid introduction to subjects on the cutting edge of atomic physics, such as frequency comb metrology, tests of fundamental symmetries with atoms, atomic magnetometers, atom trapping and cooling, and Bose-Einstein condensates. The text also includes problems and tutorials on important basics that every practicing atomic physicist should know, but approached from the perspective of experimentalists: formal calculations are avoided where possible in favor of ''back-of-the-envelope'' estimates, symmetry arguments, and physical analogies. The 2nd edition contains over 10 new problems, anTrade Review'A remarkable book, indeed, greatly exceeding our expectations. [...] The authors are truly taken by the logic, beauty, and harmonious diversity of atomic-physics phenomena and are offering to share their knowledge and insights with the reader.' From Preface to the Russian edition, by V.S. Zapaskii (translator) and E.B. Alexandrov (editor)Table of Contents1. Atomic Structure ; 2. Atoms in External Fields ; 3. Interaction of Atoms with Light ; 4. Interaction of Light with Atoms in External Fields ; 5. Atomic Collisions ; 6. Cold Atoms ; 7. Molecules ; 8. Experimental Methods ; 9. Miscellaneous Topics ; A. Units, conversion factors, and typical values ; B. Reference data for hydrogen and alkali atoms ; C. Spectroscopic notation for atoms and diatomic molecules ; D. Description of polarization states of light ; E. Euler angles and rotation matrices ; F. The Wigner-Eckart theorem and irreducible tensors ; G. The density matrix ; H. Elements of the Feynman diagram technique ; APPENDIX I: THE 3-J AND 6-J SYMBOLS
£45.12
Springer Perspectives in the Structure of Hadronic Systems
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£100.88
Springer Advances in Nuclear Dynamics 3
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£86.00
Springer Nonlocality in Quantum Physics
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£85.49
Springer HighField Science
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£85.49
Springer Relativistic Heavyparticle Collision Theory Physics of Atoms and Molecules
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£85.49
Springer Developments in Mathematical and Experimental Physics Volume A Cosmology and Gravitation
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£85.49
Springer Linearity Symmetry and Prediction in the Hydrogen Atom
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£71.24
Springer Quantum Mechanics of Fundamental Systems The Quest for Beauty and Simplicity The Quest for Beauty and Simplicity Claudio Bunster Festschrift
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£170.99
Springer Paradox Lost Images of the Quantum
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£39.99
Springer Laser Cooling and Trapping
Book SynopsisLaser cooling is a new technique that has led to new insights into the behavior of atoms. This text covers the foundations, the techniques, and applications: from atomic clocks and studies of collision processes to diffraction and interference of atomic beams at optical lattices. It is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates.Table of ContentsIntroduction and review of quantum mechanics: Review of Quantum Mechanics.- The Density Matrix.- Force on Two-Level Atoms.- Multi-Level Atoms.- General Properties Concerning Laser Cooling. Cooling and Trapping: Deceleration of an Atomic Beam.- Optical Molasses.- Cooling Below the Doppler Limit.- The Dipole Force.- Magentic Trapping of Neutral Atoms.- Optical Traps for Neutral Atoms.- Evaporative Cooling. Applications: Newtonian Atom Optics.- Ultra-Cold Collisions.- deBrooglie-Wave Optics.- Optical Lattices.- Bose -Einstein Condensation.- Dark States.
£71.50
