Oncology Books

Book SynopsisThe significant advances in medical, surgical and social care during the last two decades in the western world have resulted in a considerable prolongation of life expectancy. However, on the other hand, aged populations present a high incidence of neoplasias ideally requiring surgical or multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies. The decision making for providing the appropriate surgical care in these patients is a difficult and multivariant task. This book examines cancer surgery in elderly patients, as well as a need for a more ''personalised'' approach and a thorough discussion of their disease treatment and status of life.

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Book SynopsisOpen surgical biopsy is the "gold standard" or "reference standard" method of evaluating a suspicious breast lesion because it is thought to be very accurate in diagnosing these lesions. While generally considered safe, it is a surgical procedure that, like all surgeries, places the patient at risk of experiencing morbidities and, in rare cases, mortality. However, only 20 to 30 percent of women who undergo breast biopsy procedures are diagnosed with cancer. A less invasive method for evaluation of suspicious breast lesions would be preferable if it were sufficiently accurate. This book examines the effectiveness of core-needle and open-surgical biopsy in breast cancer evaluation.

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Book SynopsisMelanomas are usually highly proliferative, invasive and are most frequently metastatic. Melanoma accounts for nearly 4% of skin cancer cases but, because of its highly metastatic capability, for 74% of all skin cancer mortalities. Therefore, melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer and its treatment continues to be challenging. This book presents topical research in the study of the symptoms, diagnoses and treatment of metastatic melanoma. Topics discussed include new therapeutic alternatives for melanoma; the metastatic cascade and experimental treatments; pediatric melanoma and the relative risk of metastatic melanoma.

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Book Synopsis"Horizons in Cancer Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of cancer. Topics discussed include the treatment of brain metastasis with radiotherapy; distant metastasis, DNA methylation profiling to identify known and novel tumour subtypes; breast cancer imaging; antimetastatic treatment approaches in the clinic; laryngeal carcinoma classification of pancreatic cancer and vaginal carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisLung cancer is one of the leading causes of death world-wide with the majority of patients suffering from advanced unresectable or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the advances in palliative chemotherapy, the survival rate for patients with this advanced disease treated with chemotherapy remains poor. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of lung cancer treatments including epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in the management of advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer; lung cancer brachytherapy; volumetric modulated arc therapy and future individualised therapy for lung cancer in post-genomic era.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the biology, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Topics discussed include breast cancer knowledge, risk factors and screenings; uterine neoplasms; dendritic cell immunotherapy for the treatment of malignant melanoma; role of effectors on hypoxia due to nitric oxide production in human alveolar epithelial cells; complementary and alternative medicine approaches in the treatment of cancer; intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance and adjuvant chemotherapy for resected colorectal cancer.

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Book Synopsis"Horizons in Cancer Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of cancer. Topics discussed include prostate cancer biomarkers and proteomic techniques; organ sparing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer; pain assessment in clinical trials of anticancer treatments; invasive epithelial ovarian cancer pathogenesis; the role of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor in prostate cancer; pain in advanced prostate cancer; role of brachytherapy ablation in cancer pain management and cancer screening in neonatology.

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Book SynopsisAn estimated 166,400 new cases of cancer will occur in Canada in 2008. Bone metastases unfortunately remain a common site of recurrence, with breast and prostate cancer patients representing a substantial proportion of this population. Metastatic bone disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pain is experienced by up to two thirds of patients. The prognosis for patients with bone metastases is highly influenced by tumour type, performance status, and the presence of extraosseous disease. The median survival has been significantly longer in breast cancer patients with a first relapse in the axial skeleton (24 months) versus patients with initial relapse in the liver (3 months) (2). Survival after diagnosis of bone metastases is influenced by the subsequent development of extraosseous metastatic sites: 1.6 years versus 2.1 years in patients with bone-only disease.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on early diagnosis of the morphological changes in gastric mucosa, which are believed to be precursors for gastric cancer development. The use of modern imaging techniques in order to reveal and treat early cases of gastric cancer is also discussed. In addition, this book reviews modern data on gastric cancer prevention by means of screening gastric precancerous conditions and changes, as well as estimating the risk of gastric cancer development in individual patients with subsequent proper management for reducing the possibility of neoplastic progression.

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Book SynopsisMicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are a recently discovered class of small regulatory RNAs that influence the stability and translational efficiency of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Alterations in miRNA expression are associated with an increasing number of biological processes, including breast cancer. The study of miRNAs is a rapidly developing field that could considerably change our vision of breast cancer biology. This book offers an insight into our current knowledge of human miRNAs, with a specific interest for breast cancer.

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Book SynopsisBladder cancer refers to any of several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder. The most common type of bladder cancer begins in cells lining the inside of the bladder and is called transitional cell carcinoma. This book reviews research in the study of bladder cancer including recent advances in intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; molecular and genetic mechanisms in defining distinct genetic pathways of bladder cancer, and molecular proteins in urothelial carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisIn the past, cancer was considered a fatal disease due to the poor outcome of the patients and scarce possibilities of treatment. Decades later, a multimodal approach of therapy including surgery, conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been applied with irregular success, making it the best known combination for survival at the early diagnostic stage, as well as having created a revolution in the field of oncology. This book describes approaches to be applied for the therapeutic management of patients with cancer.

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Book SynopsisFemale sex hormones are produced in both females and males. They influence almost every aspect of human physiological functions, activities and behaviours. Disturbance in female sex hormones may result in variety of disorders including cancer. Attention is usually focused on female sex hormone-related cancers in reproductive organs in females such as breast, cervix and ovary. However, advances in science have discovered that female sex hormones also have a great impact on cancers in non-reproductive organs and tissues such as colon, oesophagus and thyroid in both men and women. This book describes and summarises the up-to-date information on an emerging topic of female sex hormones and cancer.

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Book SynopsisOne of the major problems in clinical practice is the diagnosis of cancer and determining how to manage cancer patients. More than any other disease, cancer diagnosis and management at this time depends on a broad range of molecular and immunological tests. Diagnosis, determining therapeutic approach, monitoring effects of therapy, and detecting minimal residual disease all depend on both molecular and immunological methods. However, the two classes of methods are rarely discussed and presented in one book. This book is written specifically to show how both immunological and molecular techniques can be used in cancer diagnosis and management in order to bridge the gap between the two technologies.

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Book Synopsis"Horizons in Cancer Research" presents original research results on the leading edge of cancer. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum.

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Book SynopsisEndocrine malignancies are rare tumours that are derived from endocrine cells located throughout the body. They encompass a heterogeneous group of malignancies, derived from different endocrine and neuroendocrine cells and have different clinically. The majority of endocrine neoplasms are benign, where the potential for invasion or metastasis is very low. Nevertheless, there is a group of endocrine neoplasms with malignant potential, and thus come under the management of medical oncology, often requiring systemic therapy. These include neuroendocrine tumours, anaplastic and medullary thyroid carcinomas, pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas, and adrenocortical carcinomas. While surgery continues to play a seminal role, the management of advanced endocrine neoplasia is more complex due to their rarity and heterogeneity. This book discusses the use of targeted therapy in the treatment of solid tumours and hematologic malignancies.

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Book SynopsisA tumour suppresser gene, or anti-oncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene is mutated to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes. This book presents topical research data in the study of tumour suppressers, including Rab GTPases as potential tumour suppressers; the regulation of neutrophil function by tumour suppresser PTEN; the role of BRIT1/MCPH1 in genome maintenance and tumour suppression; epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressers; and the relationship between MicroRNA and tumour suppressers.

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Book SynopsisThis book compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of cancer research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisAlthough there have been tremendous progress in cancer research and treatment, the mortality caused by this disease is still very high. Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and second leading cause of death in the United States of America. The book covers topics including the role of various signalling pathway in development, regulation of cell fate, tumour angiogenesis, duodenal neoplasias, breast, colorectal and prostate cancer, cancer development and progression, microRNA in cancer and epigenetic regulation of cancer. This book will provide valuable information for cell biologists, geneticists, cancer biologists, clinicians, and students involved in various aspects of cell signalling, regulation of genes and cancer.

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Book SynopsisElectron microscopy made possible the observation of the cellular/subcellular behaviour of tumour cells in metastasis. The marked progress in molecular biology has enabled the identification of the molecules involved in metastasis. Cellular diversity of metastatic tumour cells and host cells is extremely important not only in understanding the irregular metastatic behaviour of malignant tumour cells but also in elucidating why such populations may display different responses to therapy. There have been advances in research showing that clinical cancer metastasis will eventually be conquered, at least in part. This is evident from the fact that pathologists are now able to report the primary site of a metastatic tumour to clinicians. Hopefully, this book will enlighten people in the medical and research field regarding new research in cancer and the interested reader as well.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents original findings and observations that were made recently on the role and function of MHC proteins in different laboratories around the globe. The articles in this book cover topics from the importance of MHC diversity to the health of the wildlife to intimate molecular mechanisms of MHC exchange between cells. This book will be useful to a wide range of scientists and clinicians who are working in the field of immunology, transplantation and cancer research.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a descriptive analysis of the key issues regarding adverse events in hospitals. The term "adverse event" describes any harm to a patient as a result of medical care. An adverse event indicates that the care resulted in an undesirable clinical outcome and that the clinical outcome was not caused by an underlying disease. Research, policies, and action taken to reduce adverse events often focus on mistakes and systemic problems with care. However, adverse events do not always involve errors, negligence, or poor quality care and may not always be preventable.

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Book SynopsisThe incidence of gastric carcinoma is declining, but this form of cancer is still the fourth most common cause of malignancy world-wide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. This book is structured in eleven chapters, written by acknowledged experts in the field of gastric cancer and includes the most interesting topics including surgical anatomy, clinical staging, analysis of prognostic factors in early and advanced stages, sentinel node biopsy results, surgical standard, laparoscopic and robotic techniques of gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, perioperative and postoperative complications, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and preoperative, perioperative and postoperative nutrition. This book is proposed to be useful both for surgeons in training and experienced surgeons for its completeness and actuality of the treated topics.

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Book SynopsisTamoxifen was first approved in 1977 and up to now remains a noteworthy therapeutic weapon to treat mainly breast cancer. However, further considerations exist regarding the tamoxifen profile. This book discusses recent research and future perspectives in the tamoxifen field. The topics discussed include tamoxifen pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, clinical indications, therapeutic drug monitoring, autophagy mechanisms, tamoxifen topical formulation and breast cancer risk prevention, the use of tamoxifen in an oestrogen-independent manner for various neoplasms (Hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, high grade glioma), mechanisms of resistance, potential role of CYP2D6, tamoxifen and antidepressants interaction in a psychiatric view, obesity influence in tamoxifen treatment, electrical pulse-mediated tamoxifen delivery, and tamoxifen in melanoma treatment.

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Book SynopsisIn the past, cancer was considered a fatal disease due to the poor outcome of the patients and scarce possibilities of treatment. Decades later, a multimodal approach of therapy including surgery, conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been applied with irregular success, making it the best known combination for survival at the early diagnostic stage, as well as having created a revolution in the field of oncology. This book describes approaches to be applied for the therapeutic management of patients with cancer. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)"

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Book SynopsisNanotechnology has emerged as a key technology which has opened new vistas to find effective therapies for cancer. Nanomaterials are particularly promising candidates for early diagnosis of cancer cells. Several classes of nanomaterials, including dendritic and supramolecular polymers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and metal nanoparticles, have shown tremendous ability to recognise and destroy cancer cells in vivo. In this book, some of these novel systems and their potential applications in cancer therapy are reviewed.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents current research in the study of oesophageal cancer. Topics discussed include epidemiology and risk factors; helicobacter pylori infection and oesophageal cancer; celiac disease and the risk of oesophageal cancer; radiation therapy of oesophageal tumours; endoscopic ultrasound in oesophageal carcinoma; minimally invasive esophagectomy versus open techniques; esophagectomy for advanced stage esophageal cancer and surgical treatment of cervical oesophageal cancer.

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Book SynopsisGlioblastoma is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor which exhibits clinical, radiological and pathological heterogenity. Despite advances in standard therapy, including surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for patients remains poor. In this book, the authors present topical research on the risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options for glioblastoma. Topics discussed include the therapeutic potential of scorpion toxins against glioblastoma; co-amplified oncogenes in glioblastoma; mesenchymal stem cells as a novel therapeutic delivery vehicle for glioblastoma; targeting fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals and how to stop glial neoplastic brain development.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of cancer. Topics discussed include the aetiology and treatment of gallbladder cancer; HPV vaccine and cervical cancer; docetaxel therapy and applications; metastatic cancer pain management for the bone, spine and liver; the effects of cytoskeletal structure change induced by docetaxel on gene expression; nutrition and breast cancer; and docetaxel''s effect on ovarian function and in the management of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

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Book SynopsisThis book consists of 16 chapters. The topics include the study of an application of Traditional Medicine (TM) to cancer care, a new anti-cancer TM drug without any strong side-effect, TM for chronic fatigue syndrome and viral hepatitis, mechanisms of licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism, anti-tumour effects of gomisin A, interactions between TM drugs and Western drugs, pharmacoeconomic evaluations, primo vascular system, a sustainable approach to TM, and medical ethics. This book will open a new window to future research on TM.

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Book SynopsisThis book includes eight chapters of original research articles and six chapters of review articles, encompassing the latest advancements in detection, growth and treatment of prostate cancer. Detection of prostate cancer in human patients has been well established using prostate-specific antigen as a marker and a variety of imaging tools. However, for laboratory studies particularly in preclinical animal studies, such tools are still being developed. This book introduces novel imaging methods, such as bioluminescent imaging, chemiluminescence, and magnetic resonance imaging. Prostate cancer stem cells are emerging as a new focus of research. How to detect cancer stem cells and how to culture them are described in details herein. This book highlights several studies in exploring some unknown aspects of prostate cancer.

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Book SynopsisThis personal scientific memoir describes how a chance observation concerning artery disease in children with rare inherited abnormalities of metabolism, often called experiments of Nature, led to the discovery of a new theory of heart disease, cancer and diseases of ageing. As explained in subsequent chapters, this new theory places the amino acid homocysteine at the heart of altered metabolism of diseases of ageing. Not only does this theory illuminate and explain the origin of these diseases, development of this theory logically leads to a novel and revolutionary metabolic and nutritional program for disease prevention and treatment, potentially benefiting individuals and populations.

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Book SynopsisEndometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy after breast cancer in developed countries. Its incidence is steadily rising and, now, the lifetime risk of developing endometrial cancer in the industrialized areas is about 23%. This book deals with the main aspects of disease management, including the perspectives for primary and secondary prevention, and the most recent interpretation of its pathogenesis. The management of endometrial cancer continues to evolve as we better understand tumour biology and more widely apply what evidence-based medicine comes from. This book may be of interest and a useful update for any health provider involved in gynaecological cancer care.

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Book SynopsisThis book aims to become a useful tool in the field of gynaecological oncology providing the most up-to-date research on non-epithelial ovarian tumours, including the recent data on pathogenesis and the current strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. The authors present and review important data on rare and various primary ovarian neoplasms such as the many subtypes of germ cell tumours, of the most important subtypes of Sex cord -Stromal tumours and the rare mixed forms of Germ cell and Gonadal Stromal tumours. Non-specific mesenchymal tumours of the ovary are reviewed, as well as Secondary neoplasms, metastatic to the ovary from various sites (extragenital and genital primaries).

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Book SynopsisThis book presents original research results on the leading edge of cancer. Topics discussed include the role of dendritic cells in the priming of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses; current anti-cancer agents targeting apoptosis and authophagy and clues for future cancer drug discovery; the efficacy of bufadienolides and TCM preparations on in vivo and in vivo cancer models in clinical trials; the role of tetracyclic triterpenes and their glycosides in cancer prevention; adoptive cell therapy at the forefront of cancer immunotherapy; the challenges and promises of targeted chemoprevention; the physical, emotional and social challenges associated with cancer survivorship; bioinformatics tools and resources for cancer diagnosis and drug development; and the history of radical surgery for the treatment of prostate cancer.

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Book SynopsisFrom the early 80s of the past century, clinical and epidemiological studies have increasingly pointed to an elevated breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer risk from high circulating oestrogen levels. Oestrogen deficiency as a cancer risk factor emerged first in 2007 in a study on Hungarian oral cancer cases based on the gender and age-related differences in tumour prevalence. Critical re-evaluation of the contradictory results of hormone replacement therapy yielded a complete conversion that oestrogen deficiency may confer cancer initiation. This book examines the deleterious interactions between oestrogen deficiency and further hormonal disorders which illuminate the apparently controversial associations of obesity, light exposure and alcohol intake with breast cancer risk.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the biology, current treatment modalities and new emerging therapeutic approaches and targets for glioma, a highly aggressive and invasive brain tumour, are described. The pathologic features of the most frequently WHO classified gliomas encountered in clinical practice, are reviewed. Molecular genetics and specifically the mutations that underlie brain tumours are outlined as is the inherited genetic susceptibility and lifestyle risk factors reflecting on glioma epidemiology. The clinical features of glioma as well as diagnostic methods that include conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain mapping are also discussed with an outline of emerging treatment options.

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