Medical research Books

Book Synopsis''Her stories have the power to transform your life'' Lori Gottlieb, bestselling author of Maybe You Should Talk to Someone ''Radically changes the way we think about mental illness, pleasure, pain, reward and stress'' Daniel Levitin, bestselling author of The Organized MindTHE NEW YORK TIMES AND SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER We are a wired generation. In these fast-paced times we are constantly bombarded by high-reward, high-dopamine stimuli. From texting to social media, food to drugs, gambling to shopping, we have become addicted to fleeting and distracting pleasures that are making us sick.In Dopamine Nation, psychiatrist and bestselling author Dr Anna Lembke reveals why our relentless pursuit of pleasure leads to pain and what we can do about it. Bringing together cutting-edge neuroscience with the gripping real life experiences from her clinical practice, Lembke explores how contentment and connTrade ReviewAnna Lembke's stories of guiding people to find a healthy balance between pleasure and pain have the power to transform your life -- Lori Gottlieb, bestselling author of Maybe You Should Talk to SomeoneBrilliant . . . No matter what you might find yourself over-indulging in-from the internet to food to work to sex-you'll find this book riveting, scary, cogent, and cleverly argued. Lembke weaves patient stories with research, in a voice that's as empathetic as it is clear-eyed -- Beth Macy, bestselling author of DopesickRadically changes the way we think about mental illness, pleasure, pain, reward, and stress. Turn toward it. You'll be happy you did -- Daniel Levitin, bestselling author of The Organized Mind and Successful Aging[An] eye-opening survey on pleasure-seeking and addiction . . . Readers looking for balance will return to Lembke's informative and fascinating guidance. * Publishers Weekly, starred review *fascinating case histories, and a sensible formula for treatment. * Kirkus Reviews *Dr Anna Lembke is a whiz on why we get hooked on things - and how we can enjoy pleasurable things in healthier doses * Guardian *

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Book Synopsis'Louise is a voice you can really trust. I've learnt so much from her and now you can too.' - Holly Willoughby 'Dr Louise is a miracle worker' - Lorraine Kelly 'Louise is my No. 1 go-to when it comes to anything menopause and this book is perfect for when I'm worried about anything.'- Alison Hammond 'Louise Newson is wonderful... a real expert in her field.' - Joe WicksYour complete, expert, evidence-based guide to the perimenopause and menopause. Dr Louise Newson is fast becoming the leading medical expert on hormone health. This revised and expanded edition of her bestselling book has all the information and advice you need to understand the impact of low hormone levels on your perimenopause symptoms as well as on your future health post-menopause. There's an up-to-date guide to HRT doses, how to deal with HRT availability fluctuations, new research on testosterone and its benefits bey

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Book SynopsisA good understanding of medical statistics is essential to evaluate medical research and to choose appropriate ways of implementing findings in clinical practice. The Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics has been written to provide doctors and medical students with a comprehensive yet concise account of this often difficult subject. Described by readers as a ''statistical Bible'', this new edition maintains the accessibility and thoroughness of the original, and includes comprehensive updates including new sections on transitional medicine, cluster designs, and modern statistical packages. The Handbook promotes understanding and interpretation of statistical methods across a wide range of topics, from study design and sample size considerations, through t- and chi-squared tests, to complex multifactorial analyses, all using examples from published research. References and further reading are included, to allow deeper understanding on specific topics. Featuring a new chapter on how to use this book in different medical contexts, the Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics helps readers to conduct their own research and critically appraise others'' work.Trade ReviewReview from previous edition 'I am a student of the Masters in Public Health. I just wanted to let you know that I have really enjoyed the classes you taught as well as the book that you've written (the oxford handbook of medical statistics). I found the book a breath of fresh air when revising for my exams- the explanations so clear and concise, straight to the point. Statistics really do make sense when explained like this. Thank you for providing such a useful tool.' * Alicia Rosello, King's College London *Table of Contents1: How to use the Oxford Handbook of Medical Statistics 2: Research design 3: Collecting data 4: Handling data: what steps are important 5: Presenting research findings 6: Choosing and using statistical software 7: Summarising data 8: Probability and distributions 9: Statistical tests 10: Diagnostic studies 11: Other statistical methods/topics 12: Analysing multiple observations per subject 13: Analysing multiple variables per subject 14: Meta analysis 15: Bayesian statistics 16: Glossary

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Book SynopsisPursuing a career in biomedical research can be daunting, considering the stiffer competition and uncertain career prospects in academia. This book summarizes career advice gathered during in-depth interviews with 106 biomedical scientists who lead their own laboratories. The participating principal investigators are from 44 research institutions in 11 countries. This book is unique in that it provides a glimpse into the mindset of principal investigators. Here, the reader will learn about common thought patterns and values, as well as the range of opinions and ways of thinking to be found among a large group of active principal investigators – without having to read more than a hundred individual autobiographies.The book will benefit all PhD students who want to learn more about their supervisor’s mindset in order to successfully complete their projects. It can help freshly graduated PhDs planning to pursue an academic career, and MDs contemplating a career in research, to decide whether they truly want to embark on this path. Lastly, it can offer young principal investigators a source of inspiration on how to succeed and achieve their goals.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Chapter 1. “Carving Your Own Path” – shaping your scientific identity Chapter 2. The Two Cornerstones of Academic Research: Writing Grant Applications and Publications Chapter 3. Setting up a Successful Research Group Chapter 4. Leading Your Research Group as a Principal Investigator Chapter 5. The Daily Work of Principal Investigators Chapter 6. Dealing with Failure and Stress in Academic Research Chapter 7. Thoughts of Principal Investigators about Work, Science, and Themselves Chapter 8. Under the Hood – Common Thinking Patterns of Principal Investigators Chapter 9. Epilogue Chapter 10. Methods References Recommended reading

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Book SynopsisPractical and straightforward, this book is a multidisciplinary introduction to the process of planning, conducting and analysing qualitative research, from selecting appropriate methods to publishing your findings. Built around the authors' Qualitative Research Cycle consisting of the design, data collection and analytic cycles this pragmatic guide clearly demonstrates the steps you need to take to ensure your research is rigorous and robust. Drawing on decades of experience teaching workshops, the book is packed with techniques and tools to help you turn theory and method into research practice. This second edition: Showcases the importance of linking research design to data analysis, helping you avoid potential pitfalls and get the most out of your data Highlights the relevance and wide application of qualitative methods with an array of international examples of real field research and interdisciplinary case studies GTrade ReviewThis introductory textbook presents a useful framework of three interconnected cycles – the design cycle, the data collection cycle and the analytic cycle – to guide students through the process of conducting qualitative research. Engaging examples illustrate each step from start to completion. -- Lena JaspersenHennink, Hutter and Bailey provide a highly practical overview of all stages in the qualitative research process, linking clearly the cycles of design, data collection and data analysis. Excellent case studies illustrate qualitative research in practice. The authors’ clarity and coherence throughout the text makes this book a valuable read for all qualitative researchers. -- Geraldine Foley, PhDWritten from a situated epistemological perspective, this handbook nicely blends theory with method and method with practical examples. A valuable guide for early career researchers in need of clear and simple answers to deal with complex phenomena and common critiques. -- Karin HannesTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to the book Who is this book for? The qualitative research cycle Structure of the book Features of this book Chapter 2: The nature of qualitative research What is qualitative research? When to conduct qualitative research The underlying interpretive paradigm Qualitative and quantitative research Verstehen and understanding The emic and etic perspectives Subjectivity and the need for reflexivity Our approach to qualitative research Evaluating quality Part I: The design cycle Chapter 3: The design cycle Formulating qualitative research questions Incorporating literature and theory Developing a conceptual framework Selecting qualitative research methods Evaluating quality Chapter 4: Designing participatory research Our participatory approach to qualitative research The participatory design cycle The participatory approach in data collection and analysis Different roles of the researcher Evaluating quality Chapter 5: Ethical issues in qualitative research What is ethics? Ethics in qualitative research Ethical issues in the design cycle Ethical issues in the data collection cycle Ethical issues in the analytic cycle Evaluating quality Part II: The data collection cycle Chapter 6: Sampling and participant recruitment What is purposive sampling? Purposive sampling process? Participant recruitment strategies How many participants? The principle of saturation Evaluating quality Chapter 7: In-depth interviews What is an in-depth interview? When to use in-depth interviews Purpose of an in-depth interview The cyclical nature of data collection Developing an interview guide Preparing for data collection Conducting the interview: skills of the interviewer Strengths and limitations Evaluating quality Chapter 8: Focus group discussions What is a focus group discussion? When to use focus group discussions The cyclical nature of data collection Developing the discussion guide Preparing for data collection Conducting focus group discussions Post-discussion information Virtual focus groups Strengths and limitations Evaluating quality Chapter 9: Observation What is observation? When to conduct observation The cyclical nature of data collection What to observe Types of observation Preparation and conducting an observation Writing an observation Strengths and limitations Evaluating quality Part III: The analytic cycle Chapter 10: Data preparation and developing codes Different approaches to textual data analysis The nature of qualitative data analysis Textual data preparation Developing codes Making a codebook Coding data Using software in qualitative analysis Evaluating quality Writing the manuscript or report Chapter 11: Textual data analysis After you write Developing an analysis plan Searching data The cyclical process of analysis Description Comparison Categorizing and conceptualizing Theory development Evaluating quality Chapter 12: From analysis to participatory action From analysis to participatory action The overall participatory qualitative research cycle The different roles of the researcher Evaluating quality Chapter 13: Academic writing of qualitative research Writing qualitative research Before you write Writing a qualitative research article After you write Responding to critiques of qualitative research Evaluating quality Post Script: Assessing quality in the qualitative research cycle

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Book Synopsis Ben Goldacre’s wise and witty bestseller, shortlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize, lifts the lid on quack doctors, flaky statistics, scaremongering journalists and evil pharmaceutical corporations. Trade Review‘From an expert with a mail-order PhD to debunking the myths of homeopathy, Ben Goldacre talking the reader through some notable cases and shows how to you don’t need a science degree to spot “bad science” yourself.’ Independent (Book of the Year) ‘His book aims to teach us better, in the hope that one day we write less nonsense.’ Daily Telegraph (Book of the Year) ‘For sheer savagery, the illusion-destroying, joyous attack on the self-regarding, know-nothing orthodoxies of the modern middle classes, “Bad Science” can not be beaten. You’ll laugh your head off, then throw all those expensive health foods in the bin.’ Trevor Philips, Observer (Book of the Year) ‘Unmissable…laying about himself in a froth of entirely justified indignation, Goldacre slams the mountebanks and bullshitters who misuse science. Few escape: drug companies, self-styled nutritionists, deluded researchers and journalists all get thoroughly duffed up. It is enormously enjoyable.’ The Times (Book of the Year)

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Book SynopsisThe lymphatic system has been one of the most misunderstood systems in our bodies. Until now.Cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Gerald M. Lemole explains why a healthy lymphatic flow aids our bodies in reducing toxins that contribute to disease and injury. In ten short chapters, Dr. Lemole demystifies the lymphatic system, describes how powerful it is and shows how to maintain a healthy lymph system to combat specific diseases and health problems - from heart disease to cognitive function to weight management.Featuring sidebars with charts and graphs that illustrate basic principles, Lymph & Longevity also includes menus, recipes and information on supplements, as well as basic yoga and meditation guides.Illuminating, informative, and practical this essential guide is timelier now than ever as we continue to work to protect ourselves and our communities against COVID-19 and other viruses.

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Book SynopsisPeople with dementia are uniquely qualified to discuss the challenges of their condition and the features of effective support, but their voices are all too often drowned out in research and debates about policy. It''s time for that to change.Dementia Enquirers is an ambitious and novel programme of work which has tested out what it means for people with dementia to lead research and has developed a new ''driving seat'' approach to co-research.This ground-breaking book features 26 research projects led by groups of people with dementia, supported by group facilitators and academics, to make their voices heard. Topics include giving up driving, GP dementia reviews, living alone with dementia, and using AI platforms such as smart speakers. The book also describes how people with dementia shaped the entire programme, and addressed head-on issues such as ethics approval processes and complex research language.A key read for anyone involved in dementia support, this research

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Book SynopsisThe story of the search for p53--the most important gene in medicine.All of us have lurking in our DNA a most remarkable gene: it is known simply as p53 and its job is to protect us from cancer. p53: The Gene that Cracked the Cancer Code tells the story of the discovery of the gene and of medical science''s mission to unravel its mysteries and get to the heart of what happens in our cells when they turn cancerous. When all is well, this gene constantly scans our cells to ensure that when they grow and divide as part of the routine maintenance of our bodies, they do so without mishap. If a cell makes a mistake in copying its DNA during the process of division, p53 stops it in its tracks, sending in the repair team before allowing the cell to carry on dividing. Cancer cannot develop unless p53 itself is damaged or handicapped by some other fault in the system. Not surprisingly, p53 is the most studied single gene in history. Through the personal acTrade ReviewMore than any textbook, article, or lecture could, this book offers a sip of contagious enthusiasm and a conviction that scientists will eventually “crack the cancer code" * Science *Armstrong’s book is genuinely engrossing on many levels, and the story is very well told. It has considerable depth, yet sufficient clarity to be able to reach a wide audience ... a highly readable, well-written and crafted book. * Cell *A succinct, accessible study of humanity's genetic bulwark against cancer. * Nature *One of the best accounts I’ve read of how science is actually performed. -- Peter Forbes * The Guardian *Armstrong paints a very human picture ... Not only does Armstrong make p53 understandable but she also sheds light on the scientific method. In an age of government austerity, highlighting the importance of scientific research is also a gift. * The Lancet *Ms. Armstrong¹s book comes alive in the sections where she explores cancer¹s human toll, including the devastating experience of families with rare genetic mutations, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which leaves children of parents with a faulty gene vulnerable to cancer at almost any age. She also captures the excitement of researchers as they come upon eureka moments. * Wall Street Journal *Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Flesh of our Own Flesh Chapter 2: The Enemy Within Chapter 3: Discovery Chapter 4: Unseeable Biology Chapter 5: Cloning the Gene Chapter 6: A Case of Mistaken Identity Chapter 7: A New Angle on Cancer Chapter 8: p53 Reveals its True Colours Chapter 9: Master Switch Chapter 10: ‘Guardian of the Genome’ Chapter 11: Of Autumn Leaves and Cell Death Chapter 12: Of Mice and Men Chapter 13: The Guardian’s Gatekeeper Chapter 14: The Smoking Gun Chapter 15: Following the Fingerprints Chapter 16: Cancer in the Family Chapter 17: The Tropeiro Connection? Chapter 18: Jekyll and Hyde Chapter 19: Cancer and Ageing: A Balancing Act Chapter 20: The Treatment Revolution Dramatis Personae Glossary Notes on Sources Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisDrawing on the latest international research, leading physician and healthcare expert Professor Geoffrey Guy examines how quantum phenomena affect processes as diverse as the functioning of the brain and the body's approach to combating inflammation and disease. He shows how we may need to rethink the ways in which energy and information are carried round our nervous system.This groundbreaking book assesses the implications for cancer treatment and mental disorders and reopens discussion of areas such as light therapy. It also raises questions about the potentially damaging effects of space travel on astronauts' health and how they might have to be mitigated.Key to the author's approach is his ability to explain lucidly our current knowledge while drawing in cutting-edge research. Written for the general reader, but with a scope and depth that will satisfy medical professionals, Quantum Biology reveals the latest findings from this most fascinating medical frontier.

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Book SynopsisAt a time when medicine is a highly sought-after career for Indian women, it is hard to imagine what it was like for the pioneers. The story of how firmly they were bound in fetters of family, caste and society, and how fiercely they fought to escape, needs to be told. In Lady Doctors, Kavitha Rao unearths the extraordinary stories of six women from the 1860s to the 1930s, who defied the idea that they were unfit for medicine by virtue of their gender. From Anandibai Joshi, who broke caste rules by crossing an ocean, to Rukhmabai Raut, who escaped a child marriage, divorced her husband and studied to be a doctor; from Kadambini Ganguly, who took care of eightchildren while she worked, to child widow Haimabati Sen, who overcame poverty and hardship-these women had a profound and lasting impact. And in their forgotten lives lie many lessons for modern women. In truth, the compelling stories of these radical women have been erased from our textbooks and memories, because histories have mostly been written by men, about men. In an immensely readable narrative, and with impeccable research, Lady Doctors rectifies this omission.

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Book SynopsisOutlines how spread, scale-up, and sustainability can be approached in healthcare improvement to increase the reach and long-term success of interventions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Spread, Scale-Up, and Sustainability in the Context of Healthcare Improvement; 3. Approaches to Spread, Scale-Up, and Sustainability; 4. Spread, Scale-Up, and Sustainability in Action; 5. Critical Reflections and Implications for Improvement Research and Practice; 6. Conclusions; 7. Further Reading ; Contributors; References.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of human disease, this book takes on the issues of research design, measurement, and evaluation which are critical to clinical epidemiology. This second edition of Clinical Epidemiology: Practice and Methods opens with how best to frame a clinical research question, the ethics associated with doing a research project in humans, and the definition of various biases that occur in clinical research. From there, it continues by examining issues of design, measurement, and analysis associated with various research designs, including determination of risk in longitudinal studies, assessment of therapy in randomized controlled clinical trials, and evaluation of diagnostic tests, and then delves into the more specialized area of clinical genetic research, before concluding with basic methods used in evidence-based decision making including critical appraisal, aggregation of multiple studies using meta-analysis, health technology asTable of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1. On Framing the Research Question and Choosing the Appropriate Research Design Patrick S. Parfrey and Pietro Ravani 2. Research Ethics for Clinical Researchers John D. Harnett and Richard Neuman 3. Definitions of Bias in Clinical Research Geoffrey Warden Part II: Longitudinal Studies 4. Longitudinal Studies 1: Determination of Risk Sean W. Murphy 5. Longitudinal Studies 2: Modeling Data Using Multivariate Analysis Pietro Ravani, Brendan J. Barrett, and Patrick S. Parfrey 6. Longitudinal Studies 3: Data Modeling Using Standard Regression Models and Extensions Pietro Ravani, Brendan J. Barrett, and Patrick S. Parfrey 7. Longitudinal Studies 4: Matching Strategies to Evaluate Risk Matthew T. James 8. Longitudinal Studies 5: Development of Risk Prediction Models for Patients with Chronic Disease Navdeep Tangri and Claudio Rigatto Part III: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials 9. Randomized Controlled Trials 1: Design Bryan M. Curtis, Brendan J. Barrett, and Patrick S. Parfrey 10. Randomized Controlled Trials 2: Analysis Robert N. Foley 11. Randomized Controlled Trials 3: Measurement and Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes Michelle M. Richardson, Megan E. Grobert, and Klemens B. Meyer 12. Randomized Controlled Trials 4: Biomarkers and Surrogate Outcomes Claudio Rigatto and Brendan J. Barrett 13. Randomized Controlled Trials 5: Determining the Sample Size and Power for Clinical Trials and Cohort Studies Tom Greene 14. Randomized Controlled Trials 6: On Contamination and Estimating the Actual Treatment Effect Patrick S. Parfrey 15. Randomized Controlled Trials 7: Analysis and Interpretation of Quality of Life Scores Robert N. Foley and Patrick S. Parfrey 16. Randomized Controlled Trials 8: Planning, Monitoring, and Execution Elizabeth Hatfield, Elizabeth Dicks, and Patrick S. Parfrey Part IV: The Basics for Other Clinical Epidemiology Methods 17. Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests John M. Fardy and Brendan J. Barrett 18. Qualitative Research in Clinical Epidemiology Deborah M. Gregory and Christine Y. Way 19. Health Economics in Clinical Research Braden J. Manns Part V: Clinical Genetic Research 20. Clinical Genetic Research 1: Bias Susan Stuckless and Patrick S. Parfrey 21. Clinical Genetic Research 2: Genetic Epidemiology of Complex Phenotypes Darren D. O’Rielly and Proton Rahman 22. Clinical Genetic Research 3: Genetics ELSI (Ethical, Legal and Social Issues) Research Daryl Pullman and Holly Etchegary Part VI: Methods in Evidence–Based Decision Making 23. Evidence-Based Decision Making 1: Critical Appraisal Laurie K. Twells 24. Evidence-Based Decision Making 2: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Aminu Bello, Natasha Wiebe, Amit Garg, and Marcello Tonelli 25. Evidence-Based Decision Making 3: Health Technology Assessment Daria O’Reilly, Kaitryn Campbell, Meredith Vanstone, James M. Bowen, Lisa Schwartz, Nazila Assasi, and Ron Goeree 26. Evidence-Based Decision Making 4: Development and Limitations of Clinical Practice Guidelines Bruce Culleton 27. Evidence-Based Decision-Making 5: Translational Research Deborah M. Gregory and Laurie K. Twells 28. Evidence-Based Decision Making 6: Utilization of Administrative Databases for Health Services Research Turin Chowdury and Brenda Hemmelgarn 29. Evidence-Based Decision Making 7: Knowledge Translation Braden J. Manns 30. Evidence-Based Decision Making 8: Health Policy, A Primer for Researchers Victor Maddalena

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Book SynopsisThe remarkable stories of the world''s most famous body parts.Louis XIV''s rear end inspired the British National Anthem. Queen Victoria''s armpit led to the development of antiseptics.Robert Jenkin''s ear started a war.All too often, historical figures feel distant and abstract; more myth and legend than real flesh and blood. These stories of bodies and its parts remind us that history''s most-loved, and most-hated, were real breathing creatures who inhabited organs and limbs just like us - until they''re cut off that is.Medical historian Dr Suzie Edge investigates over 40 cases of how we''ve used, abused, dug up, displayed, experimented on, and worshipped body parts, including why Percy Shelley''s heart refused to burn; how Yao Niang''s toes started a 1000 year long ritual; why a giant''s bones are making us rethink medical ethics; and the strange case of Hitler''s right testicle.

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Book SynopsisFor students and researchers new to mixed methods,A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research2e by renowned author John W. Creswell provides a brief and practical introduction to mixed methods. Many graduate students and researchers in the social, behavioral and health sciences may not have the time or resources to read long treatises or stacks of journal articles on mixed methods research. This text quickly describes the basics of setting up and conducting a study using this methodology. Chapters are short and follow the process of research, from ensuring skills for conducting research, acknowledging the steps in planning a study, designing studies with increasing complexity, planning sampling strategies and integration, and writing up the results of your study. Get started in mixed methods quickly with this brief primer.

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Book SynopsisThis thoroughly revised and updated second edition provides a step-by-step approach to application of participatory approaches to qualitative data collection (including structured and unstructured interviews, observations, and group interviews) and data analysis (including constant comparative method, coding schemes, and theme memo).Table of ContentsFigures and Tables xi Foreword xiii David Satcher Dedication xvii Acknowledgments ixx The Editors xxiii The Contributors xxvii PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO METHODS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH FOR HEALTH 1 1. Introduction to Methods for CBPR for Health 3 Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker PART TWO: PARTNERSHIP FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE 39 2. Developing and Maintaining Partnerships with Communities 43 Bonnie Duran, Nina Wallerstein, Magdalena M. Avila, Lorenda Belone, Meredith Minkler, Kevin Foley 3. Strategies and Techniques for Effective Group Process in CBPR Partnerships 69 Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, Jeanette Gustat, Angela G. Reyes, Alex J. Allen III 4. Infrastructure for Equitable Decision Making in Research 97 Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb PART THREE: COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 127 5. Insiders and Outsiders Assess Who Is “The Community”: Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview, Focus Group Interview, and Community Forum 133 Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek Griffith, Kate Shirah, Elvira Mebane 6. Using Ethnography in Participatory Community Assessment 161 Jean J. Schensul, Marlene J. Berg, Saritha Nair PART FOUR: DEFINE THE ISSUE, DESIGN AND CONDUCT THE RESEARCH 189 7. Community-Based Participation in Survey Design and Implementation: The Healthy Environments Partnership Survey 197 Amy J. Schulz, Shannon N. Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Carmen Stokes 8. Using a CBPR Approach to Develop an Interviewer Training Manual with Members of the Apsáalooke Nation 225 Suzanne Christopher, Linda Burhansstipanov, Alma Knows His Gun McCormick, Vanessa Watts Simonds 9. The Application of Focus Group Methodologies to CBPR 249 Edith C. Kieffer, Yamir Salabarría-Pen˜a, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Sharla K. Willis, Gloria Palmisano, J. Ricardo Guzmán 10. Development, Evolution, and Implementation of a Food Environment Audit for Diverse Neighborhoods 277 Shannon N. Zenk, Amy J. Schulz, Betty T. Izumi, Sharon Sand, Murlisa Lockett, Angela Odoms-Young 11. CBPR and Ethnography: The Perfect Union 305 Nicole S. Berry, Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos-Mun˜iz 12. What’s with the Wheezing?: Methods Used by the Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project to Assess Exposure to Indoor Asthma Triggers 335 James Krieger, Carol A. Allen, Tim K. Takaro PART FIVE: DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PARTNERSHIPS 365 13. Documentation and Evaluation of CBPR Partnerships: The Use of In-Depth Interviews and Closed-Ended Questionnaires 369 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán, Richard Lichtenstein, Zachary Rowe PART SIX: FEEDBACK, INTERPRETATION, DISSEMINATION, AND APPLICATION OF RESULTS 399 14. Developing and Implementing Guidelines for Dissemination: The Experience of the Community Action Against Asthma Partnership 405 Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefi eld-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, Ashley O’Toole, Donele Wilkins, Stuart Batterman, Toby Lewis 15. Collaborative Data Collection, Interpretation, and Action Planning in a Rural African American Community: Men on the Move 435 Elizabeth A. Baker, Freda Motton, Ellen Barnidge, Frank Rose III 16. Collaborative Mapping for Health Equity: Making Place Visible 463 Jason Corburn, Anna Yun Lee, Nehanda Imara, Samara Swanston 17. Photovoice as a CBPR Method: A Case Study with African American Breast Cancer Survivors in Rural Eastern North Carolina 489 Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson, Eugenia Eng 18. Methods for Community-Based Participatory Policy Work to Improve Food Environments in New York City 517 Emma Tsui, Milyoung Cho, Nicholas Freudenberg 19. Citizens, Science, and Data Judo: Leveraging Secondary Data Analysis to Build a Community-Academic Collaborative for Environmental Justice in Southern California 547 Rachel Morello-Frosch, Manuel Pastor, James Sadd, Michele Prichard, Martha Matsuoka APPENDIXES 579 A. Instructions for Conducting a Force Field Analysis 581 Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, Alex J. Allen III B. Full Value Contract 585 Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb C. Collaborative Revised Bylaws: Adopted/Amended: (Month, Day, Year) 589 Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb D. Community Member Key Informant Interview Guide 601 Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek M. Griffith, Kate Shirah, Elvira Mebane E. Selected Healthy Environments Partnership Measures by Survey Categories, Indicating Source of Identification for Inclusion and Scale Items 605 Amy J. Schulz, Shannon Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Carmen Stokes F. Promoting Healthy Lifestyles Among Women: Focus Group Summary Analysis Form: Eastside and Southwest Detroit—Procedures and Example Questions 613 Edith C. Kieffer, Yamir Salabarría-Pen˜a, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Sharla K. Willis, Gloria Palmisano, J. Ricardo Guzmán G. Field Notes Guide 619 Nicole S. Berry, Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos-Muñiz H. In-Depth, Semi-structured Interview Protocol: Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center, Detroit URC Board Evaluation 1996–2002 623 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán I. Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaire: Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center, Detroit URC Board Evaluation 1997–2007 627 Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán, Richard Lichtenstein, Zachary Rowe J. Philosophy and Guiding Principles for Dissemination of Findings of Community Action Against Asthma Including Authorship of Publications and Presentations, Policies and Procedures, Access to Data, and Related Matters 639 Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefi eld-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, Donele J. Wilkins K. Inspirational Images Project: Fact Sheet and Informed Consent Form for Study Participants 645 Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson, Eugenia Eng L. Inspirational Images Project: Informed Consent Form for Adults Who May Appear in Photographs 651 Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson M. Southern California Environmental Justice Collaborative: Partnership Agreed-Upon Mechanism for Deciding on Research Activities 655 Communities for a Better Environment, Liberty Hill Foundation, and the Research Team Index 659

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Book SynopsisThis handbook is a definitive, up-to-date, and succinct text covering the legislative requirements, scientific foundations, and clinical good practice necessary for clinical, academic, and healthcare research.Trade ReviewThe Oxford Handbook of Clinical and Healthcare Research packs a lot of information into a literally hand-sized ... book, with precise writing." * Norman M. Goldfarb, Journal of clinical research best practises *A unique handbook that covers all the stages of clinical research along with a clear description of the regulations / processes that current researchers need to comply with. This truly addresses a much needed gap in the various research handbooks. * Dr Puja Myles, Associate Professor Health Protection and Epidemiology; Nottingham University *Table of Contents1. Research - How and Why ; 2. Navigating Research Methods: Basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology ; 3. Navigating Research Methods: Quantitative and clinical / epidemiological methods ; 4. Navigating Research Methods: Qualitative methods ; 5. Navigating Research Methods: Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) ; 6. Navigating Research Methods: Critical ap-praisal ; 7. Navigating Research Methods: Clinical Audit ; 8. Setting the scene and ICH-GCP in clinical and healthcare research ; 9. Informed consent in a research setting ; 10. Ethics of clinical and healthcare research: general considerations, Mental Capacity Act, Human Tissue Act ; 11. Role and Responsibilities: Investigators and Research Team ; 12. Role and Responsibilities: Sponsor ; 13. Monitoring ; 14. Clinical Trial Design ; 15. Clinical Trial Protocols: Study Protocol ; 16. Data Capture Tools: Case Report Form (CRF) ; 17. Clinical Trial Supplies: IMPs ; 18. IMP Accountability ; 19. Safety Reporting ; 20. Data management ; 21. Research Project Management ; 22. Essential Documents ; 23. Archiving ; 24. Audits and Inspections ; 25. Fraud and Misconduct ; 26. Authorship ; 27. Publication process ; 28. Start-up toolkit: from funding an idea, through implementation, to achieving an impact

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Book SynopsisStanislav Grof’s first 17 years of research into nonordinary states of consciousness induced by LSD and other psychedelics led to a revolutionary understanding of the human psyche. His research was the impetus behind a vastly expanded cartography of the unconscious, including two new realms still unacknowledged by official academic circles--the perinatal domain, which holds memories of the various stages of birth, and the transpersonal domain, which mediates experiential identification with other species and mythic figures, visits to archetypal realms, access to past life memories, and union with the cosmic creative principle. The research presented in this book provides a map of the psyche that is essential for understanding such phenomena as shamanism and near death experiences as well as other nonordinary states of consciousness. This map has led to the development of important new therapies in psychiatry and psychology for treating mental conditions often seen as disease and therefore suppressed by medication. It also provides a new threshold to understanding and entering the numinous realm of spirit.Trade Review“The most significant development in the recent history of depth psychology, and the most important advance in the field since Freud and Jung themselves, has been the work of Stanislav Grof.” * Richard Tarnas, Ph.D., author of The Passion of the Western Mind *“A breakthrough work.” * Jean Houston, Ph.D., coauthor of The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience *“Stanislav Grof is the undisputed world authority on LSD and the human psyche, and this book provides the best cartography of consciousness for understanding the profound impact of entheogens on the mind.” * Alex Grey, artist and author of Sacred Mirrors and Transfigurations *“Dr. Stanislav Grof's LSD: Doorway to the Numinous is an extraordinary alchemical text that overturns many commonly held beliefs about the nature of individual identity and consciousness. Based on his 2,500 clinical sessions using LSD as a therapeutic tool before the substance was interdicted, Grof's book explores the vast dimensions of inner experience that have been ignored and marginalized by the mainstream. He also provides a theoretical framework for understanding these amazing experiences that synthesizes Freudian and Jungian insights into the dark matter of the unconscious and the primal drives that secretly impel us to act. A must-read for all serious students of consciousness.” * Daniel Pinchbeck, author of 2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl and Breaking Open the Head *“I know of no work that so well incorporates the findings of Freud, Jung, and Rank, adding fresh insights that the methods of these psychotherapists could never have achieved. It certainly goes beyond Freud. It brings new clarification to Jung. It throws new light on the topic of death and resurrection symbolism, as well as on religious imagery. I do not doubt that others working in this field will find Dr. Grof's discoveries a basis for a whole new strategy of research.” * Joseph Campbell, author of The Hero with a Thousand Faces, The Masks of God, and Myths to Live By *“Stanislav Grof ’s research is the most important contribution to personality theory in several decades.” * Abraham Maslow, Ph.D., psychologist, cofounder of Humanistic and Transpersonal Psychology, and autho *“An exceptionally clear and readable introduction to the evolving psychology of the spirit--transpersonal psychology--that is one of the most exciting developments of our times. Grof is far and away one of the leading scientists exploring this field.” * Charles Tart, Ph.D., psychologist and author of States of Consciousness, PSI: Scientific Studies of *“Dr. Grof's studies of the mystical experience in LSD therapy represent an extremely valuable scientific approach to consciousness research from which many people can benefit.” * Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Tibetan lama and author of Born in Tibet, Spiritual Materialism, and Medit *“Grof has had far and away more experience in psychedelic research than anyone else and has come up with the most comprehensive and helpful framework for interpreting the data in this bewildering area.” * Huston Smith, Ph.D., author of The World’s Religions and Beyond the Post-Modern Mind *“Grof marshals an impressive array of data and speculation in support of the timely demand that Western science acknowledge consciousness and its many nonordinary states.” * Richard Alpert (Ram Dass), Ph.D., psychologist, spiritual teacher, and author of Be Here Now, Grist *“A fascinating journey through previously uncharted realms of the psyche guided by one of the world’s foremost consciousness researchers. A remarkable account of the extraordinary depths of the human psyche.” * Frances Vaughan, Ph.D., psychologist and author of Awakening Intuition and The Inward Arc *" . . . Grof's engrossing state-of-the-science overview argues convincingly that continued LSD reserach will help patients, parents, policymakers, and even spiritual seekers." * Publishers Weekly, Feb 2009 *"Dr. Grof's efforts should be lauded and highly commended in the scientific and medical community. His clinical research is courageous and luminous to anyone who is conscious of the body's metaphysiology and higher energy dynamics. This field of research is as important to the human animal as molecular scientific inquiry into the etiology of neoplasias." * Dr. Ron Shane, reviewer, April 2009 *"Dr. Grof has helped to give us new ways of seeing the world . . . He has opened a link between the psyche and the spirit." * Nexus New Times Magazine, Sept/Oct 2009 *"For any serious student of psychedelics or psychology, this is an important read that should not be ignored. In terms of building a foundation for the future of the psychedelic movement and finding a place for psychedelics in society, LSD:Doorway to the Numinous is without question the text. Authoritative, insightful, and self-aware." * Psychedelic Press, UK, Feb 2010 *Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface 1 General Introduction The LSD Controversy LSD and Its Effects in Human Beings Empirical Basis for a New Theoretical Framework Heuristic Value of LSD Research 2 Abstract and Aesthetic Experiences in LSD Sessions 3 Psychodynamic Experiences in LSD Sessions COEX Systems (Systems of Condensed Experience) Origin and Dynamics of COEX Systems Manifestation of COEX Systems in LSD Sessions Dynamic Interaction between the COEX Systems and Environmental Stimuli 4 Perinatal Experiences in LSD Sessions Perinatal Matrix I. Primal Union with the Mother (Intrauterine Experience before the Onset of Delivery) Perinatal Matrix II. Antagonism with the Mother (Contractions in a Closed Uterine System) Perinatal Matrix III. Synergism with the Mother (Propulsion through the Birth Canal) Perinatal Matrix IV. Separation from the Mother (Termination of the Symbiotic Union and Formation of a New Type of Relationship) Significance of Basic Perinatal Matrices in LSD Psychotherapy 5 Transpersonal Experiences in LSD Sessions Experiential Extension within the Framework of “Objective Reality” Temporal Expansion of Consciousness • Embryonal and Fetal Experiences • Ancestral Experiences • Collective and Racial Experiences • Phylogenetic (Evolutionary) Experiences • Past-Incarnation Experiences • Precognition, Clairvoyance, Clairaudience, and “Time Travels” Spatial Expansion of Consciousness • Ego Transcendence in Interpersonal Relationships and the Experience of Dual Unity • Identification with Other Persons • Group Identification and Group Consciousness • Animal Identification • Plant Identification • Oneness with Life and with All Creation • Consciousness of Inorganic Matter • Planetary Consciousness • Extraplanetary Consciousness • Out-of-Body Experiences, Traveling Clairvoyance and Clairaudience, “Space Travels,” and Telepathy Spatial Constriction of Consciousness • Organ, Tissue, and Cellular Consciousness Experiential Extension beyond the Framework of “Objective Reality” • Spiritistic and Mediumistic Experiences • Experiences of Encounters with Suprahuman Spiritual Entities • Experiences of Other Universes and Encounters with Their Inhabitants • Archetypal Experiences and Complex Mythological Sequences • Experiences of Encounters with Various Deities • Intuitive Understanding of Universal Symbols • Activation of the Chakras and Arousal of the Serpent Power (Kundalini) • Consciousness of the Universal Mind • The Supracosmic and Metacosmic Void Significance of Transpersonal Experiences in LSD Psychotherapy Transpersonal Experiences and Contemporary Psychiatry 6 Multidimensional and Multilevel Nature of the LSD Experience Environmental Stimuli and Elements of the Setting Personality of the Therapist and the Therapeutic Situation Present Life Situation Past Life History Early Childhood and Infancy Biological Birth and the Perinatal Period Embryonal and Fetal Existence Transindividual (Transpersonal and Transhuman) Sources Epilogue The Psychedelic Research Renaissance--A Review of Recent Psychedelic Psychotherapy Research by L. Jerome, Ph.D., Valerie Mojeiko, and Rick Doblin, Ph.D. Notes Index About the Author

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Book Synopsis Inspire your students to be theoretical thinkers, innovative advocates, and agents for change.Focused on cultivating the next generation of scholars, this highly respected classic demystifies theory, charts strategies to use in developing and advancing theory, and provides tools and best practices in evaluating progress in the discipline. Based on the feedback of nursing students, this edition was updated to be more accessible without losing the necessary rigor to foster critical thinking. Meleis provides a developmental and historical review of theoretical nursing and helps readers develop analytic skills and integrate knowledge into a coherent whole. By embarking on the journey of nursing theory, practicing nurses will find ways to improve everyday practice, as well as develop theories that capture their expertise.Highlights of the Sixth EditionKey Topics Paradigms that influenced nursing thought, such as feminism

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Book Synopsis"A rewarding read for anyone who wants to know the unvarnished truth about how science really gets done." - Financial TimesAmerican taxpayers spend $30 billion annually funding biomedical research, but over half of these studies can't be replicated due to poor experimental design, improper methods, and sloppy statistics. Bad science doesn't just hold back medical progress, it can sign the equivalent of a death sentence for terminal patients. In Rigor Mortis, Richard Harris explores these urgent issues with vivid anecdotes, personal stories, and interviews with the top biomedical researchers. We need to fix our dysfunctional biomedical system--before it's too late.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Neurostimulation for Epilepsy is a comprehensive and authoritative book previously unavailable in this emerging treatment field that provides a detailed exploration of the principles, device technology, and applications of neurostimulation for epilepsy. With contributions from a team of expert researchers and clinicians, the book covers various neurostimulation techniques, including vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, and non-invasive brain stimulation. The book provides insights into the latest advancements in next-generation brain sensing and stimulation devices, as well as their impact on neurocognitive outcomes and quality of life. This work is an invaluable resource for researchers, clinicians, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the role of neurostimulation in managing epilepsy." -- Kate Davis, MD, MS, FAES, FANA, Associate Professor of Neurology, Director, Penn Epilepsy Center "Dr. Rao has assembled an impressive group of world-renowned experts in this effort. The book covers all aspects of neurostimulation for epilepsy, from basic principles to clinical trial results to practical advice to possible future applications. In addition to thorough discussions of the "big three" (VNS, DBS and RNS), the book also covers epicranial stimulation and emerging methods of noninvasive stimulation including transcranial magnetic stimulation and low intensity focused ultrasound. There are chapters on applications of the long-term data obtained from these systems, and the effects of neurostimulation on quality of life, cognition and mood. The chapters are well written, thorough yet concise, and very well referenced. There is something for everyone in this book, from those just starting to learn about neurostimulation to experts using it regularly. This is a welcome addition to the library for anyone involved in treating refractory epilepsy or performing related research." -- Lawrence J. Hirsch, MD, Professor of Neurology, Chief, Division of Epilepsy and EEG, Co-Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Yale University School of Medicine"I highly recommend "Neurostimulation for Epilepsy." It is a comprehensive guide and offers valuable insights. The book covers the essential topics in the various neuromodulation therapies used in epilepsy. This manual provides a balance blend of clinical expertise and educational content, making it an excellent resource for experienced practitioners, researchers as well as those in the early stages of their career." -- Dileep Nair, MD, Professor of Neurology, CCLCM/CWRU; Head of Section of Adult Epilepsy, Neurological Institute; Cleveland ClinicTable of Contents1. Principles of neurostimulation Andreas Schulze-Bonhage 2. Neurostimulation device technology Eric Y. Chow and Peng Cong 3. Vagus nerve stimulation James W. Wheless, Andrew J. Gienapp, and Basanagoud Mudigoudar 4. Responsive neurostimulation David E. Burdette and Barbara E. Swartz 5. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of thalamus for epilepsy Robert Fisher 6. Epicranial focal cortex stimulation with the EASEE system Andreas Schulze-Bonhage 7. Noninvasive brain stimulation for epilepsy Keith Starnes, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, and Brian Lundstrom 8. Applications of long-term data from neurostimulation devices Patricia Dugan and Vikram R. Rao 9. Next-generation brain sensing, stimulation, and adaptive control devices for epilepsy Gregory A. Worrell and Vaclav Kremen 10. Quality of life, neurocognitive outcomes, and mood effects with neurostimulation devices Kristen Arredondo and Anup D. Patel

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Book SynopsisThis clear and concise handbook considers the stages of the research process in logical order, from planning of the project through to dissemination of the findings.Trade Review"This textbook...is a useful and concise resource for "first time researchers" in any practice setting...One of the strengths of this text is that it specifically devotes a section to "Writing up and Dissemination of the Findings", as an integral component of the research process...For those working in hospital pharmacy this section is especially useful as it emphasises the need to communicate research findings in order to effect change in the local setting, and how this might be done...Overall, this text is best read in its entirety (a fairly easy read!) as an introduction to research, and would be useful to anyone commencing a research project, not just research students and their supervisors. The text should be part of any hospital pharmacy's library of resources, and a prerequisite text for those taking on roles involving research activities at any level"Dr Beata V. Bajorek, Academic Pharmacist, University of Sydney, Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 41(1) 2011. -- Beata V. Bajorek * Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research *Table of ContentsPart 1 Preparation, planning and management 1. Introduction 2. Types of pharmacy practice projects 3. Setting up the project, protocol development and ethics 4. Time management and working with others 5. Patient and public involvement 6. For supervisors Part 2 Scientific enquiry and research/service evaluation methodology 7. A scientific approach to your research 8. Reviewing the literature 9. Study design 10. Sources of information, datasets, sampling and recruitment 11. Data collection: survey research and questionnaires 12. Data collection: interviews and focus groups 13. Data collection: prospective methods 14. Existing datasets and secondary analyses 15. Data processing and analysis Part 3 Writing up and dissemination of finding 16. Writing the project report/research paper 17. Dissemination of the findings

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisLessons from service and system failures describe how governance and leadership each play a pivotal role in high-quality, safe care. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.Table of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Why Are Governance and Leadership Important to Healthcare Quality and Safety?; 3. A Brief History; 4. Approaches in Action; 5. Critiques of Governance and Leadership; 6. Conclusions; 7. Further Reading; Contributors; References.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook provides an in-depth review of information across the developmental spectrum of gene and cell therapy products. From introductory information to state-of-the-art technologies and concepts, the book provides insights into upstream processes such as vector design and construction, purification, formulation and fill/finish, as well as delivery options. Planning steps for compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) to readiness for chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) are also discussed. This book wraps up with examples of successes and pitfalls addressed by experts who have navigated the multiple challenges that are part of any innovative endeavor.Features Provides the most up-to-date information on the development of gene therapy, from the technology involved to gene correction and genome editing Discusses siRNA, mRNA, and plasmid manufacturing Describes the importance of supplier-sponsor synergies on the path to commercialization Written for a diverse audience with a large number of individuals in the core technologies and supportive practices It is intended as a one-stop resource for the availability of state-of-the-art information related to cell and gene therapy products for researchers, scientists, management and other academic and research institutions.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to the 4th Edition xix Preface to the 3rd Edition xxi Preface to the 2nd Edition xxiii Preface to the 1st Edition xxv Introduction xxvii I Some Fundamental Stuff 1 1 First things first – the nature of data 3 Variables and data 3 Where are we going …? 5 The good, the bad, and the ugly – types of variables 5 Categorical data 6 Nominal categorical data 6 Ordinal categorical data 7 Metric data 8 Discrete metric data 8 Continuous metric data 9 How can I tell what type of variable I am dealing with? 10 The baseline table 11 II Descriptive Statistics 15 2 Describing data with tables 17 Descriptive statistics. What can we do with raw data? 18 Frequency tables – nominal data 18 The frequency distribution 19 Relative frequency 20 Frequency tables – ordinal data 20 Frequency tables – metric data 22 Frequency tables with discrete metric data 22 Cumulative frequency 24 Frequency tables with continuous metric data – grouping the raw data 25 Open‐ended groups 27 Cross‐tabulation – contingency tables 28 Ranking data 30 3 Every picture tells a story – describing data with charts 31 Picture it! 32 Charting nominal and ordinal data 32 The pie chart 32 The simple bar chart 34 The clustered bar chart 35 The stacked bar chart 37 Charting discrete metric data 39 Charting continuous metric data 39 The histogram 39 The box (and whisker) plot 42 Charting cumulative data 44 The cumulative frequency curve with discrete metric data 44 The cumulative frequency curve with continuous metric data 44 Charting time‐based data – the time series chart 47 The scatterplot 48 The bubbleplot 49 4 Describing data from its shape 51 The shape of things to come 51 Skewness and kurtosis as measures of shape 52 Kurtosis 55 Symmetric or mound‐shaped distributions 56 Normalness – the Normal distribution 56 Bimodal distributions 58 Determining skew from a box plot 59 5 Measures of location – Numbers R us 62 Numbers, percentages, and proportions 62 Preamble 63 N umbers, percentages, and proportions 64 Handling percentages – for those of us who might need a reminder 65 Summary measures of location 67 The mode 68 The median 69 The mean 70 Percentiles 71 Calculating a percentile value 72 What is the most appropriate measure of location? 73 6 Measures of spread – Numbers R us – (again) 75 Preamble 76 The range 76 The interquartile range (IQR) 76 Estimating the median and interquartile range from the cumulative frequency curve 77 The boxplot (also known as the box and whisker plot) 79 Standard deviation 82 Standard deviation and the Normal distribution 84 Testing for Normality 86 Using SPSS 86 Using Minitab 87 Transforming data 88 7 Incidence, prevalence, and standardisation 92 Preamble 93 The incidence rate and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) 93 The incidence rate ratio 94 Prevalence 94 A couple of difficulties with measuring incidence and prevalence 97 Some other useful rates 97 Crude mortality rate 97 Case fatality rate 98 Crude maternal mortality rate 99 Crude birth rate 99 Attack rate 99 Age‐specific mortality rate 99 Standardisation – the age‐standardised mortality rate 101 The direct method 102 The standard population and the comparative mortality ratio (CMR) 103 The indirect method 106 The standardised mortality rate 107 III The Confounding Problem 111 8 Confounding – like the poor, (nearly) always with us 113 Preamble 114 What is confounding? 114 Confounding by indication 117 Residual confounding 119 Detecting confounding 119 Dealing with confounding – if confounding is such a problem, what can we do about it? 120 Using restriction 120 Using matching 121 Frequency matching 121 One‐to‐one matching 121 Using stratification 122 Using adjustment 122 Using randomisation 122 IV Design and Data 125 9 Research design – Part I: Observational study designs 127 Preamble 128 Hey ho! Hey ho! it’s off to work we go 129 Types of study 129 Observational studies 130 Case reports 130 Case series studies 131 Cross‐sectional studies 131 Descriptive cross‐sectional studies 132 Confounding in descriptive cross‐sectional studies 132 Analytic cross‐sectional studies 133 Confounding in analytic cross‐sectional studies 134 From here to eternity – cohort studies 135 Confounding in the cohort study design 139 Back to the future – case–control studies 139 Confounding in the case–control study design 141 Another example of a case–control study 142 Comparing cohort and case–control designs 143 Ecological studies 144 The ecological fallacy 145 10 Research design – Part II: getting stuck in – experimental studies 146 Clinical trials 147 Randomisation and the randomised controlled trial (RCT) 148 Block randomisation 149 Stratification 149 Blinding 149 The crossover RCT 150 Selection of participants for an RCT 153 Intention to treat analysis (ITT) 154 11 Getting the participants for your study: ways of sampling 156 From populations to samples – statistical inference 157 Collecting the data – types of sample 158 The simple random sample and its offspring 159 The systematic random sample 159 The stratified random sample 160 The cluster sample 160 Consecutive and convenience samples 161 How many participants should we have? Sample size 162 Inclusion and exclusion criteria 162 Getting the data 163 V Chance Would Be a Fine Thing 165 12 The idea of probability 167 Preamble 167 Calculating probability – proportional frequency 168 Two useful rules for simple probability 169 Rule 1. The multiplication rule for independent events 169 Rule 2. The addition rule for mutually exclusive events 170 Conditional and Bayesian statistics 171 Probability distributions 171 Discrete versus continuous probability distributions 172 The binomial probability distribution 172 The Poisson probability distribution 173 The Normal probability distribution 174 13 Risk and odds 175 Absolute risk and the absolute risk reduction (ARR) 176 The risk ratio 178 The reduction in the risk ratio (or relative risk reduction (RRR)) 178 A general formula for the risk ratio 179 Reference value 179 N umber needed to treat (NNT) 180 What happens if the initial risk is small? 181 Confounding with the risk ratio 182 Odds 183 Why you can’t calculate risk in a case–control study 185 The link between probability and odds 186 The odds ratio 186 Confounding with the odds ratio 189 Approximating the risk ratio from the odds ratio 189 VI The Informed Guess – An Introduction to Confidence Intervals 191 14 Estimating the value of a single population parameter – the idea of confidence intervals 193 Confidence interval estimation for a population mean 194 The standard error of the mean 195 How we use the standard error of the mean to calculate a confidence interval for a population mean 197 Confidence interval for a population proportion 200 Estimating a confidence interval for the median of a single population 203 15 Using confidence intervals to compare two population parameters 206 What’s the difference? 207 Comparing two independent population means 207 An example using birthweights 208 Assessing the evidence using the confidence interval 211 Comparing two paired population means 215 Within‐subject and between‐subject variations 215 Comparing two independent population proportions 217 Comparing two independent population medians – the Mann–Whitney rank sums method 219 Comparing two matched population medians – the Wilcoxon signed‐ranks method 220 16 Confidence intervals for the ratio of two population parameters 224 Getting a confidence interval for the ratio of two independent population means 225 Confidence interval for a population risk ratio 226 Confidence intervals for a population odds ratio 229 Confidence intervals for hazard ratios 232 VII Putting it to the Test 235 17 Testing hypotheses about the difference between two population parameters 237 Answering the question 238 The hypothesis 238 The null hypothesis 239 The hypothesis testing process 240 The p‐value and the decision rule 241 A brief summary of a few of the commonest tests 242 Using the p‐value to compare the means of two independent populations 244 Interpreting computer hypothesis test results for the difference in two independent population means – the two‐sample t test 245 Output from Minitab – two‐sample t test of difference in mean birthweights of babies born to white mothers and to non‐white mothers 245 Output from SPSS_: two‐sample t test of difference in mean birthweights of babies born to white mothers and to non‐white mothers 246 Comparing the means of two paired populations – the matched‐pairs t test 248 Using p‐values to compare the medians of two independent populations: the Mann–Whitney rank‐sums test 248 How the Mann–Whitney test works 249 Correction for multiple comparisons 250 The Bonferroni correction for multiple testing 250 Interpreting computer output for the Mann–Whitney test 252 With Minitab 252 With SPSS 252 Two matched medians – the Wilcoxon signed‐ranks test 254 Confidence intervals versus hypothesis testing 254 What could possibly go wrong? 255 Types of error 256 The power of a test 257 Maximising power – calculating sample size 258 Rule of thumb 1. Comparing the means of two independent populations (metric data) 258 Rule of thumb 2. Comparing the proportions of two independent populations (binary data) 259 18 The Chi‐squared (χ2) test – what, why, and how? 261 Of all the tests in all the world – you had to walk into my hypothesis testing procedure 262 Using chi‐squared to test for related‐ness or for the equality of proportions 262 Calculating the chi‐squared statistic 265 Using the chi-squared statistic 267 Yate’s correction (continuity correction) 268 Fisher’s exact test 268 The chi‐squared test with Minitab 269 The chi‐squared test with SPSS 270 The chi‐squared test for trend 272 SPSS output for chi‐squared trend test 274 19 Testing hypotheses about the ratio of two population parameters 276 Preamble 276 The chi‐squared test with the risk ratio 277 The chi‐squared test with odds ratios 279 The chi‐squared test with hazard ratios 281 VIII Becoming Acquainted 283 20 Measuring the association between two variables 285 Preamble – plotting data 286 Association 287 The scatterplot 287 The correlation coefficient 290 Pearson’s correlation coefficient 290 Is the correlation coefficient statistically significant in the population? 292 Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 294 21 Measuring agreement 298 To agree or not agree: that is the question 298 Cohen’s kappa (κ) 300 Some shortcomings of kappa 303 Weighted kappa 303 Measuring the agreement between two metric continuous variables, the Bland–Altmann plot 303 IX Getting into a Relationship 307 22 Straight line models: linear regression 309 Health warning! 310 Relationship and association 310 A causal relationship – explaining variation 312 Refresher – finding the equation of a straight line from a graph 313 The linear regression model 314 First, is the relationship linear? 315 Estimating the regression parameters – the method of ordinary least squares (OLS) 316 Basic assumptions of the ordinary least squares procedure 317 Back to the example – is the relationship statistically significant? 318 Using SPSS to regress birthweight on mother’s weight 318 Using Minitab 319 Interpreting the regression coefficients 320 Goodness‐of‐fit, R2 320 Multiple linear regression 322 Adjusted goodness‐of‐fit: R̄2 324 Including nominal covariates in the regression model: design variables and coding 326 Building your model. Which variables to include? 327 Automated variable selection methods 328 Manual variable selection methods 329 Adjustment and confounding 330 Diagnostics – checking the basic assumptions of the multiple linear regression model 332 Analysis of variance 333 23 Curvy models: logistic regression 334 A second health warning! 335 The binary outcome variable 335 Finding an appropriate model when the outcome variable is binary 335 The logistic regression model 337 Estimating the parameter values 338 Interpreting the regression coefficients 338 Have we got a significant result? statistical inference in the logistic regression model 340 The Odds Ratio 341 The multiple logistic regression model 343 Building the model 344 Goodness‐of‐fit 346 24 Counting models: Poisson regression 349 Preamble 350 Poisson regression 350 The Poisson regression equation 351 Estimating β1 and β2 with the estimators b0 and b1 352 Interpreting the estimated coefficients of a Poisson regression, b0 and b1 352 Model building – variable selection 355 Goodness‐of‐fit 357 Zero‐inflated Poisson regression 358 Negative binomial regression 359 Zero‐inflated negative binomial regression 361 X Four More Chapters 363 25 Measuring survival 365 Preamble 366 Censored data 366 A simple example of survival in a single group 366 Calculating survival probabilities and the proportion surviving: the Kaplan–Meier table 368 The Kaplan–Meier curve 369 Determining median survival time 369 Comparing survival with two groups 370 The log‐rank test 371 An example of the log‐rank test in practice 372 The hazard ratio 372 The proportional hazards (Cox’s) regression model – introduction 373 The proportional hazards (Cox’s) regression model – the detail 376 Checking the assumptions of the proportional hazards model 377 An example of proportional hazards regression 377 26 Systematic review and meta‐analysis 380 Introduction 381 Systematic review 381 The forest plot 383 Publication and other biases 384 The funnel plot 386 Significance tests for bias – Begg’s and Egger’s tests 387 Combining the studies: meta‐analysis 389 The problem of heterogeneity – the Q and I2 tests 389 27 Diagnostic testing 393 Preamble 393 The measures – sensitivity and specificity 394 The positive prediction and negative prediction values (PPV and NPV) 395 The sensitivity–specificity trade‐off 396 Using the ROC curve to find the optimal sensitivity versus specificity trade‐off 397 28 Missing data 400 The missing data problem 400 Types of missing data 403 Missing completely at random (MCAR) 403 Missing at Random (MAR) 403 Missing not at random (MNAR) 404 Consequences of missing data 405 Dealing with missing data 405 Do nothing – the wing and prayer approach 406 List‐wise deletion 406 Pair‐wise deletion 407 Imputation methods – simple imputation 408 Replacement by the Mean 408 Last observation carried forward 409 Regression‐based imputation 410 Multiple imputation 411 Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) and other methods 412 Appendix: Table of random numbers 414 References 415 Solutions to Exercises 424 Index 457

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Book SynopsisCovering the entire research process from understanding theory to writing up your project this book provides you with an easy-to-follow introduction to qualitative methods in nursing and healthcare. It offers straightforward guidance on key issues such as ethics and equips you with practical tools for approaching steps like searching and reviewing the literature. It also: Provides a clear historical overview of nursing and healthcare research, helping you deepen your understanding of the field Shows you how to use literature to inform your choice of a research topic and research question Helps you develop a critical approach to your own thinking and practice. Grounded in numerous real-world examples that offer insight into best practice and how to overcome potential pitfalls, this book helps you develop your research skills and use qualitative methods with confidence. Visit https://study.sagepubTrade ReviewAs social scientists who have had a long relationship with nurses learning to conduct qualitative studies, the authors present this basic methods primer in a highly engaging style, building on what their audience already understands about the world and making a case for the value of expanding upon existing ways of knowing through the use of qualitative inquiry methods. This text will be an excellent resource for nurses wanting to expand their capacity to answer questions arising from their practice, and for educators wanting to engage pre-or post registration learners in taking the next steps toward using knowledge to advance their profession. -- Sally ThorneThe book takes the novice qualitative researcher by the hand and walks them through the scary bits in the gentlest of ways. -- Joy AdamsonA very engaging text that encourages novice students to understand key concepts and practical strategies within qualitative research methods. A great addition to undergraduate nursing programmes. -- Dianne WepaTable of ContentsChapter 1: What is research and why does it matter? Chapter 2: Theory and methodology Chapter 3: Creating a project Chapter 4: Reviewing literature Chapter 5: Doing the right thing - ethics in qualitative research Chapter 6: Observing people Chapter 7: Interviewing people Chapter 8: Analysing documents and artefacts Chapter 9: What do you do with your data? Chapter 10: Writing your dissertation

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Book SynopsisThe concepts of cause and effect are critical to the field of program evaluation. Experimentally-designed evaluations—those that randomize to treatment and control groups—offer a convincing means for establishing a causal connection between a program and its effects. Experimental Evaluation Design for Program Improvement considers a range of impact evaluation questions, particularly those questions that focus on the impact of specific aspects of a program. Laura R. Peck shows how a variety of experimental evaluation design options can provide answers to these questions, and she suggests opportunities for experiments to be applied in more varied settings and focused on program improvement efforts.Trade ReviewPeck reminds us that the results from experiments only inform us about average effects, but more importantly provides us with the information necessary to look inside the "black box." -- Roger Boothroyd * Post-revision review *Experimental evaluations are feasible under the right conditions. This book is an excellent guide for evaluators that want to apply this underutilized design in their practice. -- Sebastian Galindo * Post-revision review * A sophisticated and well-written treatise of evaluation design to improve policies and programs. -- Katrin Anacker * pre-publication review *Table of ContentsList of Boxes, Figures, and Tables Volume Editors’ Introduction About the Author Acknowledgments Chapter 1 • Introduction The State of the Field The Ethics of Experimentation What This Book Covers Questions and Exercises Resources for Additional Learning Chapter 2 • Conceptual Framework: From Program Logic Model to Evaluation Logic Model Program Logic Model Evaluation Logic Model Conclusion Questions and Exercises Resources for Additional Learning Chapter 3 • The Basic Experimental Design Defined Random Assignment Explained The Basic (Two-Armed) Experimental Design To Have a Control Group or Not to Have A Control Group? Questions and Exercises Resources for Additional Learning Chapter 4 • Variants of the Experimental Design Multi-Armed Designs Factorial Designs Multistage Designs Staggered Introduction Designs Blended Designs Aligning Evaluation Design Options With Program Characteristics and Research Questions Conclusion Questions and Exercises Chapter 5 • Practical Considerations and Conclusion Some Practical Considerations Road Testing Principles for Conducting High-Quality Evaluation Questions and Exercises Resources for Additional Learning Appendix • Doing the Math and Other Technical Considerations Estimating Treatment Impacts How to Interpret Results Handling Treatment Group No-Shows and Control Group Crossovers Subgroup Analyses Conclusion Questions and Exercises Resources for Additional Learning References Glossary Index

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Book SynopsisMankind vs Microbes is part memoir, part history lesson in microbiology and infectious diseases. It is a compelling story written by one of the world's leading clinical microbiologists. Born in a poverty-stricken part of Pakistan, the author shares his personal life experience of infectious diseases, from Cholera to Covid, which he and his family members contracted during their lives. Despite his impoverished background, he pursues his dream of becoming a doctor. The book follows his journey through many struggles in his early life as he beats the odds to become a clinical microbiologist working across three continents and ultimately becoming one of the world's leading experts in infection prevention and control. Alongside the remarkable life story, the origins of each disease are explored utilising historical context and captivating accounts about the individuals who first fought against them. Scientific achievements and advances in infection prevention are presented in a succinct and engaging manner. The unique format allows the reader to dip in and out of any section, revealing fascinating facts about one man's lifetime commitment to fighting infections and highlighting how microbes have disrupted our lives since the dawn of mankind.

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Book SynopsisBringing together a team of leading international experts in the field of research, this book provides an up-to-date and accessible overview of applied research methods in the prehospital environment. Written to support the needs of the paramedicine, emergency medicine and wider healthcare communities in this rapidly advancing research setting, the authors introduce the key areas of research design and methods, evidence-based practice, ethics and quality improvement for both the novice and the more advanced researcher. Relevant examples of prehospital research are also included to fully explain and illustrate the key approaches. High-quality, robust evidence is of the utmost importance to inform prehospital clinical practice and ensure better patient care. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in undertaking research within the prehospital or emergency care setting, including undergraduate and postgraduate students in paramedic science, medicine, nursing and allied health.Trade ReviewThis is an extremely useful text which maps and demystifies the research process for prospective students and practitioners interested in undertaking research in the pre-hospital and ambulance settings. The book covers key topics and offers guidance for dealing with the issues, in a language and style that is easy to follow. -- Professor Paresh Wankhade, Emergency Services Management Expert, Edge Hill University, UK.It’s all here in one book – what paramedics need to get them started on their journey into research. From basic principles to publication, the authors bring a unique prehospital care slant to explaining how research works, in a way which is clear and easy to grasp. -- Dr Alison Porter, Associate Professor in Health Services Research, Swansea University, UKAn easy to read and comprehensive resource for junior pre-hospital researchers. Very comprehensive and covered the nuances of the field well. I will absolutely be recommending this to my post-graduate students. -- Prof Karen Smith, Director Centre for Research and Evaluation, Ambulance Victoria

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces the fundamentals of biobanking and guides through the practical planning thereof, with a special focus on the situation in low- and middle-income countries. On the example of the setup of a Ukrainian biobank the book discusses the main steps and aspects of successful biorepository implementation and management. Topics covered include collection, storage and shipping of samples, establishment of an IT system, development of a sustainability plan, and project and risk management. Furthermore, the importance of the formation of international biobanking societies such as the Ukraine Association of Biobanks is highlighted, and their main objectives and tasks are discussed.The book addresses life science and business professionals as well as national authorities who are interested in biobanking in general and in setting up a biobank in particular. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1. Literature Review1.1.1. Definition of biobanks1.1.2. Problems and the destitution for principle1.2 Scientific relevance of biobanks. Examples of biobanks1.2.1. Types of biobanks1.3. Ethical and legal principles1.4. Biobank management model and sustainability plan 1.4.1. SWOT analysis1.4.2. The mission1.5. Concepts specific for developing countries2. Methods2.1. Questionnaire: Survey development and content, participant selection2.2. Interviews: market analysis2.3. Team meetings: Development and implementation3. Results and summary of findings3.1. Step I: Ethics and law in the Ukraine Biobank3.1.1. Ethical regulations3.1.2. Access Policy3.2. Step II: Collection and Management of Samples3.2.1. Clarification of Conditions of Shipment of Samples3.2.2. Clinical Collection3.3. Step III: Risk Management and Biobanking3.4. Step IV: Quality Management and Quality Control. Quality Control Samples and SOP`s3.4.1. Quality Control Samples and SOP3.5. Step V: Governance and Stakeholder analysis3.6. Biobanking IT system3.6.1. Data base structure3.6.2. Web application3.7. Ukraine Biobank management model and sustainability plan3.7.1. Ukraine Biobank management model3.7.2. Sustainability plan and Project management3.8. Established Biobank in Ukraine Association3.9. Development and Progress of Ukraine’s Biobank Network3.10. The way to standardization3.11. Sample Access Policy3.12. Science and Innovation of Ukraine Association of Biobank4. Discussion5. Conclusion 6. List of figures7. References8. Internet Sources

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Book SynopsisThis book, written by academics across a range of disciplines, including healthcare and social sciences discusses the increasing use of the arts in healthcare research, which often stems from the recognition that for some topics of investigation, or when dealing with sensitive issues, the usual qualitative or quantitative paradigms are not appropriate. While there is undoubtedly a place for such approaches, arts-based research paradigms (ABR) offers, not only additional study and data-collection tools, but also provides a new and enjoyable experience for those involved. The use of the arts as a medium to improve health and wellbeing was well documented by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2019, with over 3,000 studies conducted around the globe on the value of the arts in the prevention of ill health and promotion of health across the life span. This book examines how the arts, in a variety of forms, can be used by those working directly in healthcare settings as well as those involved in research across all health or patient settings. Covering a range of ABR genres, including literature (such as narrative and poetic inquiry); performance (music, dance, play building); visual arts (drawing and painting, collage, installation art, comics); and audio-visual and multimethod approaches, this user- friendly book will appeal to nurses, researchers in nursing and allied healthcare professions, as well professionals in the social sciences, psychosociology, psychology, literature and arts.Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Introduction to the book, its purpose and the context to which it is writtenHinsliff-Smith, McGarry, AliThis chapter will lay the foundation for the flow of the book including how it is intended to be used and read as a resource for practitioners and those interested in incorporating ABR or as a standalone research method within a healthcare context.Chapter 2. Arts use within healthcare and what is the evidence across health care disciplines and professionsDr. Jamie Bird Sage Stephanou This chapter will outline the role of the arts within healthcare research from the perspective of the creative and expressive arts having a radical agenda to challenge the status quo. The arts give shape and voice to those experiences and lives that have been silenced and hidden by structural practices of prejudice and discrimination. The arts challenge the colonial and capitalist practices of domination and the mastery of human and non-human others through rationality, as they appear within academic research and healthcare practices. The arts bring imaginative, intuitive and embodied experiences into the same space as reason and logic in order to create a radical ethics of care, so that the marginalised becomes centred, and participants become the beneficiaries and co-producers of knowledge. Drawing upon the authors knowledge and practice of the use of the arts within therapeutic and research contexts, the chapter will expand upon these themes, putting forwards a structure for framing arts-based research within healthcare, that will make it appropriate for adapting to, and responding to, a changed society that we desperately need to imagine.Chapter 3. “It is…, it stands for…, it shows…”: arts-based representations in data generation and analysis Nicole BrownArts-based approaches are employed because they allow researchers get closer to the participants’ experiences and emotions, because they help participants express experiences differently, and because they support participants’ processes of reflection and meaning-making. The benefits of arts-based approaches are therefore undisputed and often summarised as enabling richer, deeper data. In my contribution, I draw on my research into the lived experience of chronic illnesses and disabilities to highlight how two kinds of arts-based work leads to different forms and results in data and furthermore, how arts-based data generation lends itself to an arts-based analytical process. I argue, that the data is not necessarily richer or deeper, but different, which makes it insightful and exciting. I commence my chapter with an outline of the theory underpinning the work with metaphorical representations and object-work, before presenting two examples from my research: LEGO models and identity boxes that research participants produced. I then demonstrate how these representations in combination with conversations with participants lead to embodied, visceral responses, which, in turn and quite automatically, call for an arts-based approach to analysis. I show the benefits for researchers as well as participants and the wider society, when it comes to understanding and sharing experiences. I conclude with practical strategies and wider consideration of applicability of arts-based stance in data generation and analysis in healthcare research. Key words: metaphors, Lego, identity box, chronic illness, disability, fibromyalgia, arts-based analysisChapter 4. Proximity, accessibility, sensitivity, voice: the possibilities for arts based approaches in healthcareDr Julie McGarry Traditionally, two main research paradigms, broadly described as positivism (quantitative methodologies) and interpretivism (qualitative methodologies) have been used to describe the epistemological and ontological positioning of a researcher. The former derived from the natural sciences and the latter developing from the recognition of the differing meaning and nature of ‘knowledge’. Latterly however, even traditional qualitative approaches have elicited a degree of criticism in terms of their limitations to fully appreciate the ‘constant movement’ of social life. For example, Foster (2007) describes her rationale for using an arts based research approach as taking ‘into account a host of standpoints as well as capturing the complexities and not least, the beauty of life….the research process is every bit as key as the resultant findings’ (p363). Leavy (2015) further supports this approach in describing the ‘synergies between artistic and qualitative practices’ (p18). For example, highlighting that both seek to provide sensitive accounts of people, their situations and their lives in order to challenge dominant discourses and expose bias. Importantly, arts based approaches offer a medium thorough which participants may feel empowered to share their experiences through their own accounts rather than that of the researcher. This is arguably of central importance within the sphere of research that may be deemed ‘sensitive’, for example in hard to reach group or where the voices of participants have been largely unheard. The use of arts based research approaches as a way of exploring the lived experience of individuals therefore is also now recognised both within post-modern qualitative research methods (Foster, 2007) and within the context of informing professions in everyday practice. It has been argued that the value of personal narrative for example, lies in the reframing of the discourse of health and illness from one which is professionally dominated to one which holds the most meaning for the individuals concerned (Frank, 2013). A deeper exploration of these facets alongside examples from the authors own work form the basis for this chapter. Chapter 5. Use of Personas and participative methods when researching with hard to reach groupsDr Parveen Ali The term hard-to-reach is frequently used within the fields of health and social care refers to those groups in society who experience distinct barriers to inclusion, participation and access to services and research especially when researching sensitive issues such as domestic abuse, experiences of inequalities etc. People often find it hard to share their views on this topic and researchers and professionals have to think of new ways to overcome this barrier and facilitate discussion. In such situation use or art can be helpful. Anything that makes one use their creative thinking, imagination and creative skills is classed as art. The purpose is to express emotions, feelings, concerns and issues about any phenomena. Use of personas or pen portraits thus can be classed as arts as it allows participants to explore and share their views, concerns and experiences by creating a new person. Personas are used to identify, understand and address the needs, motivations, attitudes and behaviours of a specific individuals or groups in a community. As people can explore issues in relation to the person described in pen portrait, it makes it easier for them to talk about sensitive healthcare issues. This chapter will explore how personas or pen portraits can be useful as a method to encourage the use of creative thinking, imagination and storytelling to facilitate discussions around sensitive issues such as domestic abuse. Examples from projects will be used to help explain how the method was used in practice. Keywords: Personas, pen portrait, creative thinking, imagination, artsChapter 6. Photo-elicitation: unleashing imagery in healthcare research Lucian Milasan“A picture is worth one thousand words” the old adage goes. For qualitative researchers in particular, who traditionally rely on language to convey meanings, this appears to be an advantageous transaction in the context of staggering levels of visual information encountered daily. It is estimated, for example, that approximately half a billion photos are added every day to social media platforms, without taking into account videos that are currently on a rising trend. Unsurprisingly, this represents only a small fraction of the avalanche of visual stimuli to which we are subjected, not to mention the “mental” images that we generate in a lifetime i.e. quasi-perceptual imagery resembling the actual experience, but occurring in the absence of external stimulatio It becomes clear from the theoretical stage that photo-elicitation, as with photography in general, is an innovative technique that has the potential to develop, and be developed alongside with, methodologies for which verbal and written language is essential. This advantage is due to the relative simplicity of the photo-elicitation method that consists in handing out photo cameras to research participants to capture aspects of the researched phenomena and discuss these with the researcher in interviews or focus groups (Harper, 2002). In most of the instances, photographs are produced by the research participants, also called “native image-making” (Wagner, 1979), but occasionally clippings from magazines (Larivière et al., 2015), images or video-clips downloaded from the Internet (Greco, Lambert, & Park, 2017), and visual images produced by the researcher (Glaw, Inder, Kable, & Hazelton, 2017), or a combination of those, are also utilised in photo-elicitation. Keywords: photography, photo-elicitation, interviews, (mental) health / healthcare, qualitative researchChapter 7. At the Interface of Life Writing and Life Sciences: Eating Disorders Narratives of Lived Experience in English, German and French Literature Dr Heike Bartel & Dr Richard VytniorguLiterary narratives dealing with lived experience of eating disorders – from fiction and autobiographical writing to poetry and graphic novels – can deliver for those researching and working in healthcare important insights into these often misunderstood and stereotyped mental illnesses. However, such narratives are much more than useful delivery tools for content to benefit medical practice and science. Our chapter will outline how these texts at the interface of life writing and life sciences can raise pressing ethical and aesthetic questions about the articulation of the ‘voices’ of sufferers and survivors, the challenges to the authority of rigid medical systems as well as established literary traditions, the cultural formulation of illness and the potential of literary expression for recovery and change. Our comparative literary approach will focus on select text by female and male authors in English, German and French.Key words: eating disorders, mental health, autobiographical writing, Health / Medical humanities, patient voiceChapter 8. How can Arts be used within the context of dementia care?Dr Emily CousinsHealthcare research is increasingly inter-disciplinary, accounting for multiple perspectives and paradigms. Taking the field of the arts and dementia as an example, this chapter will explore how its evidence base has been strengthened by blending methodological approaches from the humanities and sciences to demonstrate ‘what works’. Clinical research often assumes a quantifiable treatment, with a prescribed dosage to achieve particular outcomes. Conversely, the benefits and effects of arts interventions can be subjectively analysed using interpretive methods. Furthermore, the philosophy of person-centred care rightly gives voice to the expertise of people with dementia. How can researchers reconcile scientific rigour with creative understandings and personal insights of care and wellbeing? By combining mutually enhancing methodologies, it is possible to generate inter-disciplinary findings that are as robust as they are rich. Keywords: methodology; arts; dementia; taxonomy; paradigm Chapter 9. Hand-drawn infographics: a tool for reflection and creativity in healthcare research and beyondJulia Reeve This chapter will draw on my experiences in creative researcher and academic development. It will provide the wider context of my work using arts-based approaches to research, plus supporting theory. It will then focus on the affordances of hand-drawn infographics in a healthcare setting, supported by visual examples. Visualising a research topic using analogue techniques such as drawing and collage provides researchers with:• A powerful tool for reflection, both on the self and the topic• A catalyst for creative thinking and the gaining of new insights• A vehicle for communication with diverse audiencesThe chapter will conclude with reflective, hands-on activities that can be applied to a variety of healthcare research settings.Key words: Infographics/Reflection/Communication/Visualisation/DrawingChapter 10. Use of writing letters and other literature forms to capture experiences of research participantsDr Heike Bartle, Julie McGarry, Kathryn Hinsliff-Smith and Gill LangWithin any form of qualitative research the researchers role is to help the participant share their experiences and for the researchers to translate and convey the messages often as interview themes and findings. However, often these traditional qualitative approaches to research are not appropriate and may cause undue distress and anxiety to the participant and also to the researcher. For example, with any tramatic or life affecting experience as often seen within healthcare, such as receiving a terminal diagnosis or other survivor stories. Use of letters and other written forms are a really useful medium to engage with patients who may find this aproach less intrusive, less intimidating and more acceptable to participate in. In this chapter the authors will share the expericnes of letter writing used when working with surviors of sexual violence, a topic that is not easily spoken about by surviors often women and girls. Chapter 11. Collage, an often neglected Art form for use in research, using Canadian examplesDr Kimberley Fraser This chapter will address the use of collage as an arts based intervention to elicit, reflect on, and express stories. Collage is an effective strategy to attract a wide range of individuals because it does not require any prior knowledge of art making. Most of us learned to cut and paste in kindergarten making this arts-based activity a little more accessible to those participants who might not otherwise engage, perhaps feeling uncomfortable or unfamiliar with a specific medium such as drawing or painting. This chapter will describe the process used in a specific arts-based research study using collage and follow up interviews with family caregivers, the majority of whom were older adults. The approach to data analysis for collage and other arts-based products will be described. This chapter will conclude with an overview of three different innovative knowledge translation activities and events with clinicians (world-café), decision-makers (conference art-show), and the general public (display in a public art gallery with a public talk).Last chapter x3 Editors (Hinsliff-Smith, McGarry, Ali) Summary Chapter for the book drawing upon the many examples where ABR is described within this resource in order to ellicit an understanding of often very complex healtcare interactions. The book will draw upon work conducted across various healthcare settings by a range of different academic disciplines from a wide spectrum of social sciences including philsophy and education to healthcare professionals and clinicians working in research and healthccare settings. This resource will be applicabel for anyone intersted in ABR in any geographic setting.Chapter 12. Conclusion Hinsliff-Smith, McGarry, AliChapter for the book drawing upon the many examples where ABR is described within this resource in order to ellicit an understanding of often very complex healtcare interactions. The book will draw upon work conducted across various healthcare settings by a range of different academic disciplines from a wide spectrum of social sciences including philsophy and education to healthcare professionals and clinicians working in research and healthccare settings. This resource will be applicabel for anyone intersted in ABR in any geographic setting.

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Book SynopsisWriting manuscripts is central to the advance of scientific knowledge. For an early career aspiring scientist, writing first author manuscripts is an opportunity to develop critical skills and to credential their expertise. Writing manuscripts, however, is difficult, doubly so for scientists who use English as a second language. Many science students intentionally avoid a writing-intensive curriculum. Careful, thorough reviews of draft manuscripts are difficult to secure, and experienced scientific supervisors face more demands on their time than they have time available. Weak draft manuscripts discourage supervising scientists investing the time to coach revisions. It is easier for experienced scientists to ignore the request, or to simply rewrite the article. Early career scientists are motivated to address these barriers but specific advice is difficult to find, and much of this advice is behind a pay wall. This essential, open access text presents writing lessons organized as common errors, providing students and early-career researchers with an efficient way to learn, and mentors with a quick-reference guide to reviewing. Error descriptions include specific examples drawn from real-world experiences of other early-career writers, and suggestions for how to successfully address and avoid these in the future. Versions of this book have been used by Stanford University, UC Davis, Johns Hopkins, and numerous international institutions and organizations for over a decade. Table of Contents1. Introduction1.1 The pathway to publishing1.2 Think before you write approach1.2.1 Develop a framing document1.2.2 Focus on the high level outline (HLO)1.2.3 Use the ‘most common errors’1.2.4 Understand authorship and mentoring responsibilities1.2.5 Structure the writing and feedback process1.3 The scientific writing style1.4 Converting preliminary work into manuscripts1.4.1 Converting reports into manuscripts1.4.2 Converting posters and verbal presentations into manuscripts1.5 The process of peer review2. Most common errorsA. General research and writing practicesA1. Insufficient knowledge of the literatureA2. Not referencing statementsA3. Weak citations A3a. Citing a secondary sourceA3b. Presenting conclusions rather than data from referencesA3c. Arguing from authorityA4. Endnotes not in standard styleA4a. Varying endnote notationA5. Not using standard draft manuscript formA6. Repeating informationA7. Labelling a scientific document as ‘final’A8. Characterizing an observation as ‘the first’A9. Errors in reasoningA9a. Casual assertion of causalityA9b. Assuming association is causalityA9c. Assuming reported behavior reflects actual behaviorA9d. Confusing imperfect recall with recall biasA9e. Confusing absence of recognition with absenceA9f. Asserting seasonality with a single year of dataA9g. Drawing conclusions using confirmation biasA10. Constructing a multivariate model using only statistical criteriaA11. PlagiarismB. Content of quantitative papersB1. Improper focus or format of title and abstractB2. Confusing the role of Introduction, Methods, Results, and DiscussionB3. Not writing the Methods section in chronological orderB4. Not emphasizing steps taken to protect human subjectsB5. Listing interpretations, but not defending one in the DiscussionB6. Not fully explaining limitationsB7. Writing generic recommendationsB8. Presenting new data in the DiscussionB9. Reporting the number of enrolled subjects in the MethodsB10. Specifying the contents of a questionnaireB11. Naïve theories of changeB11a. Recommending a massive increase in fundingB11b. Ignoring incentives and barriersB11c. Assuming weak states can implementB12. An insufficiently focused IntroductionB13. Failure to clarify key sample size assumptionsB14. A high level outline that is not high levelB15. Specifying software used for routine data analysisB16. Presenting rationale in the last sentence of the IntroductionC. Mechanics of writingC1. Using non-standard abbreviationsC2. Using non-standard spacesC3. Improper spellingC4. Capitalization problems C4a. USING ALL CAPITAL LETTERSC4b. Capitalizing non-proper nounsC5. Failure to spell out an isolated numeral < 10C6. Starting a sentence with a numeralC7. Not indenting paragraphsC8. Not aligning text to the leftC9. Problems with parenthesesC10. Not recognizing when an abbreviation has become a nameC11. Misplaced commas in large numbersC12. Varying fonts within the narrativeC13. Using bulleted lists rather than sentencesC14. Uninformative document namesD. Grammatical structures and stylistic strategiesD1. Using present rather than past tenseD2. Failure to use definite and indefinite articlesD3. Excessive use of passive voiceD4. Improper use of “we”D5. Writing from a psychological perspectiveD6. Using excessive sub-headings in the discussion sectionD7. Misplaced modifiersD8. Using nouns with awkward syntax in place of verbsD9. Using different terms for the same object or the same ideaE. Achieving clarity and concisenessE1. Labelling rather than explainingE2. Using weak opening phrases for sentencesE3. Using adjectives and qualifiersE4. Overusing studies or authors as sentence subjectsE5. Using non-descriptive numeric or alphabetical labelsE6. Using respectivelyE7. Using the word etceteraE8. Using foreign wordsE9. Using local words, expressions or monetary figuresE10. Using the term ‘developing country’E11. Using the term ‘socio-economic status’ as a synonym for wealthE12. Using a technical term in its non-technical senseE12a. Using the term ‘random’ in its non-technical senseE12b. Using the term ‘reliable’ in its non-technical senseE12c. Using the term ‘significant’ in its non-technical senseE12d. Using the term ‘valid’ in its non-technical senseE12e. Using the term ‘incidence’ incorrectlyE12f. Using the term ‘correlated’ incorrectly E13. Using the verb ‘documented’E14. Framing an argument in terms of needE15. Using the term ‘illiterate’ as a synonym for ‘no formal education’E16. Using the word ‘challenging’ as a synonym for ‘difficult’E17. Describing a laboratory test result as positiveE18. Using increase or decrease in the absence of a time trendE19. Describing a test as a gold standardF. Recording scientific dataF1. Using statistics in place of the study question to frame resultsF1a. Framing narrative results around p-valuesF2. Not presenting the core dataF3. Using too many decimal placesF4. Using too few decimal placesF5. Using incomplete headings for tables and figuresF6. Imbalance between table and narrative presentation of the resultsF7. Pointing too explicitly to tables and figuresF8. Using inappropriate figuresF9. Using the wrong symbol to designate degreeF10. Using non-standard footnote symbols in tablesF11. Comparing to a varying baselineF12. Generic data tables that lack a clear messageF13. Table layout that impairs comparisons*F14. Maps with irrelevant detailsF15. Numbering figures or tables out of sequenceF16. Listing results in a paragraph that are more clear in a tableF17. Using less informative denominators in a tableF18. p-value in a baseline table of a randomized controlled trialF19. Emailing draft manuscripts with figures that are not compressedG. Approaching publicationG1. Failure to respond to reviewers’ commentsG2. Incomplete response to reviewsG3. Invalid authorship line G4. Missing acknowledgement sectionG5. Choosing an inappropriate journalG6. Not following a specific journal’s details of styleG7. Not using a checklist to review your paper before submissionG8. Exceeding the journal word limitG9. Asking your senior author to recommend reviewersG10. Responding to journal reviewers using the first person singularG11. Retaining comments in subsequent draftsG12. Not finding a description of the error codeG13. Requesting an unprofessionally short turnaround timeG14. Sending blank forms for co-authors to completeG15. Not providing co-authors a copy of the submitted manuscriptG16. Not keeping co-authors informed of journal discussionsG17. Re-using an email thread when circulating a revised manuscriptG18. Not proofreading references prior to submissionG19. Not including text of the manuscript changes in response to reviewersG20. Not including readability statisticsH. Slide and poster presentationsH1. Bullets on the wallH2. Chart junkH3. Copying a manuscript figure instead of developing a custom figureH4. Photos with an unnatural aspect ratioH5. Too many photographs on a single slideH6. Field workers as the dominant subject of photographsH7. Using bullets without hanging indentsH8. Using a pie chartH9. Using vertical bars when horizontal bars would communicate betterH10. Including a final “Thank you” slideH11. Using sentences for bullet pointsH12. Too much space between bulletsH13. Failure to separate ideas in a multi-lined titleH14. Using 3 dimensional chart features as decorationsAppendix 1: Flowchart for reviewing scientific documents Appendix 2: Concept note outlineAppendix 3: Critical questions for protocol developmentAppendix 4: Framing documentAppendix 5: Conference/scientific meeting abstractsAppendix 6: Quantitative manuscript high level outline (HLO)Appendix 7: Example of quantitative manuscript HLOAppendix 8:Authorship Scorecard Appendix 9:JANE (Journal/Author Name Estimator)Appendix 10: STROBE StatementAppendix 11: CONSORT StatementAppendix 12: List of common errors Appendix 13: Concept note exampleReferences

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses current topics on pathogenic Vibrio spp. from a comprehensive and holistic perspective. Here, experts in the field provide timely chapters, ranging from genomics, pathogen emergence, and epidemiology to pathogenesis, virulence regulation and host colonization. Questions addressed include: How does climate change affect the spread of these bacteria? What is the status of current vaccines? Are there novel therapeutic options to treat Vibrio infections? Is there likelihood of emergence of new pathogenic strains or species? Can insights from mathematical models and epidemiology lead to prediction of pathogen outbreaks?Recent decades have seen a steady increase in Vibrio spp. infections originating in aquatic and marine habitats, driven by higher human population densities, warming of polluted oceans, natural and human-made disasters, and mass seafood production. These conditions increase the likelihood of pathogenic Vibrio spp. coming into contact with humans, making their study even more timely and relevant as these problems escalate over time. This book is a valuable resource for health management professionals, experienced microbiologists/ microbial ecologists, and early career scientists alike who want to learn more about these important environmental human pathogens. The ideas and technologies presented in this book for preventing, controlling, and monitoring Vibrio spp. infections contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being. Table of ContentsChapter 1. Vibrio Infections and the Twenty-First Century.- Chapter 2. New Insights into Vibrio Cholerae Biofilms from Molecular Biophysics to Microbial Ecology.- Chapter 3. Type VI Secretion Systems: Environmental and Intra-Host Competition of Vibrio cholerae.- Chapter 4. Motility Control as a Possible Link Between Quorum Sensing to Surface Attachment in Vibrio Species.- Chapter 5. The Vibrio Polar Flagellum: Structure and Regulation.- Chapter 6. Environmental Reservoirs of Pathogenic Vibrio Spp. and Their Role in Disease: The List Keeps Expanding.- Chapter 7. Cholera Dynamics and the Emergence of Pandemic Vibrio cholerae.- Chapter 8. Role of Bacteriophages in the Evolution of Pathogenic Vibrios and Lessons for Phage Therapy.- Chapter 9. Vibrio vulnificus, an Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen.- Chapter 10. The Role of Nutrients and Nutritional Signals in the Pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae.- Chapter 11. Stress Responses in Pathogenic Vibrios and Their Role in Host and Environmental Survival.- Chapter 12. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: Novel Insights on an Emerging Foodborne Pathogen.- Chapter 13. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrio Species: Why Studying the VBNC State Now, Is More Exciting than Ever.- Chapter 14. Structural Insights into Regulation of Vibrio Virulence Gene Networks.- Chapter 15. When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-Analysis of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Wild and Domestic Birds.- Chapter 16. What Whole Genome Sequencing Has Told Us About Pathogenic Vibrios.

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. The Changing Employment Distribution of Life Science Doctorates.- Part I. Science and Education Policy.- Chapter 2. A Long and Winding Road: Reflections on a Career in Science Policy.- Chapter 3. From the Lab Bench to the Capital: My Career Evolution from Biologist to Government Relations Professional.- Chapter 4. Don't Do what I Did: A Circuitous Career from Science to Science Policy and Beyond.- Chapter 5. STEM Society Education Director: Finding the Job I Never Knew Existed.- Chapter 6. A Career Detour: Transforming Institutions and Organizations to Support an Inclusive STEMM Ecosystem.- Chapter 7. Leadership in Inclusive Science Education and Training:  Who Are We, and How Did We Get Here?.- Chapter 8. Scientific Societies: Working for Science, but Not on Science.- Part II. Tech Transfer and Commercialization.- Chapter 9. My Path to Technology Transfer.- Chapter 10. From Academic Bioscience to Patent Law.- Chapter 11. My Journey into Academic Tech Transfer.- Chapter 12. A Biologist's Path to a Career in Finance.- Part III. Research Administration.- Chapter 13. Beyond the Bench:  A Career in Scientific Research Administration.- Chapter 14. My Career in Science Administration.- Chapter 15. The Unplanned Journey: From the Bench to University Leadership to Biotech Company CEO.- Chapter 16. Leaving the Lab, Staying in Academia: University Research Administration.- Chapter 17. The Critical Role of Grants Facilitation for Supporting Individual and Team Science.- Part IV. Teaching.- Chapter 18. Finding my Dream Job with Undergrads after Only Three Decades of Searching: The Art of Changing Careers in Science.- Chapter 19. A Compass to Academic Success: Charting an Educational Career Path at a Large Research University.- Chapter 20. Why I Left a PhD Program in Wildlife Biology and Became a Teacher.- Chapter 21. My Career Path to Teaching High School Biology.- Chapter 22. Driving without a License Career Advice from a Non-PhD Scientist.- Part V. Publishing, Editing, and Writing.- Chapter 23. A Publishing Career.- Chapter 24. The Accidental Profession: A Career in Life Sciences Publishing.- Chapter 25. Scholarly Publishing as a Career Path for the Scientist.- Chapter 26. A Rewarding and Fulfilling Career in Publishing: Working Alongside Academics to Publish the Highest Standards of Research.- Chapter 27. From Postdoc to Communications Director: Exploring Science Communications.- Chapter 28. From Field to Forum: A Journey of Transformation from College Athlete to Science Communicator.- Chapter 29. Finding Your Footing in Science Writing.- Part VI. Research.- Chapter 30. I did it My Way: From Medicine to the Lab and Beyond.- Chapter 31. The Long and Winding Road: From Rural Oklahoma to the Birthplace of Biotech.- Chapter 32. Navigating the Transition from Academia: Advice from an Industry Postdoctoral Scientist.- Chapter 33. How to Transition from Academia to Biotech (A Personal Perspective).- Chapter 34. Clinical Research: Bringing Discoveries from the Lab to the Clinic.

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Book SynopsisThe focus of this textbook is on application, rather than pure knowledge transfer of the results of all chemical biological work (which would also be beyond the scope of a book). It gives the reader, through the specific selection of chemical biological techniques and concepts, the necessary tools to be able to develop new ways of thinking and thus new therapeutic options in the complex field of chemical biology and drug development. The stated aim of this book is to provide concrete solutions and inspiration to students, (post)graduate students, and experienced scientists at universities as well as in industry in their problems. After an introduction to the problems addressed by chemical biology in drug discovery, the three levels of molecular biology dogma: DNA, RNA and proteins and their role as drug targets serve as the common thread of this book.This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Chemische Biologie by Marco F. Schmidt, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.Table of ContentsForeword.- Introduction.- Part I: Chemical Biology and Drug Development.- Chemical Biology - a Holistic Science.- Drug Development.- From Genomics to Chemical Biology.- Part II: DNA.- DNA - blueprint of proteins.- Genomic Variation.- Gene Therapy and Genome Editing.- Part III: RNA.- RNA - information and function carrier.- RNA Interference in Drug Development.- Part IV: Proteins.- Peptides & proteins.- Proteins as drug targets.- Chemical genomics - From target protein to drug.- From target protein to macromolecular drug - Biologics.- Chemical proteomics: From drug to target protein.- Chemical genetics: validation of drug target by elucidation of signaling pathway.- Chemical biology - Addressing new drug targets.

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Book SynopsisWritten by dedicated and active professionals from different areas of the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and medtech sectors, this book provides information on job and career opportunities in various life sciences industries. It also contains useful tips to launch your own startup. The pharmaceutical, biomedical and medical technology sectors offer a wide range of employment opportunities to talented and motivated young graduates. However, many of these employment prospects are not well known to early career scientists, who concentrate primarily on the scientific and academic content of their fields of interest. The book is divided into five parts: Part 1 provides an academic perspective that focuses on the specific preparation required in the final years of study to embark on a successful career in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. In Part 2, industry experts discuss employment possibilities all along the drug or product life cycle, from discovery research and development to commercialisation. Part 3 follows, highlighting opportunities in support functions such as regulatory affairs or quality assurance. Part 4 focuses on additional opportunities in the wider biomedical sector, while Part 5 contains practical tips and training opportunities for entering the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. In the epilogue, the authors reflect on this fascinating field and its career prospects. The book offers a multidisciplinary perspective on career opportunities in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industry to a wide range of students and young life scientists.Table of ContentsTitle: Career Options in the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry: An Insider’s Guide Preface (Introduction) Part 1: Setting the scene Chapter 1:Life after Academia: Launching your Pharma/Biotech CareerChris van Schravendijk Chapter 2:Competences for PharmacistsJeffrey Atkinson & Chris van Schravendijk Chapter 3:Job and Career Opportunities in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An OverviewJosse R. Thomas Part 2: Opportunities along the drug/product life cycle Chapter 4:Career Opportunities in ToxicologyMark Martens & Miranda Cornet Chapter 5:Job Possibilities in Clinical ResearchBenedikt Van Nieuwenhove Chapter 6:How to Get and Develop a Career in a Market Access Role in the Medical Devices IndustryVito Palatino Chapter 7:Job Opportunities in Pharmaceutical MarketingVicky van den Nieuwenhuyzen Chapter 8:Working in Medical Affairs and Clinical Operations: Life-Changing CareersDrago Vuino et al. Chapter 9:The Role of Medical Science LiaisonRoberta Manfroni Chapter 10:Career Development for Physicians in the Biopharmaceutical IndustryAnke Van den Broeck & Ann Dhoore Part 3: Opportunities in Supportive Functions Chapter 11:Job and Career Opportunities in Regulatory Affairs/ScienceAnn Emmerechts and Josse R. Thomas Chapter 12:Job Opportunities in Clinical Research Quality AssuranceIris Gorter de Vries Chapter 13:Job Opportunities in Quality Assurance Related to Manufacturing of Medicinal ProductsMaaike Gons Part 4: Other Opportunities in the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sector Chapter 14:Careers Perspective in a Science and Technology ParkLaura Aldrovandi & Simona Sbardelatti Chapter 15:To be or not to be: Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Creation as a Way to Innovate in LifeSciencesBrian Cahill et al. Chapter 16:How to Become a Successful Hospital and Community PharmacistLilian M. Azzopardi Part 5: Practical tips and tricks Chapter 17:A Successful Career in the Life Sciences Industry: How to Write your Strongest Resumé andAce that InterviewSofie Paeps & Charlotte Peters Chapter 18:Skill Building for Career Advancement: Public Speaking and NetworkingHynda K. Kleinman Chapter 19:Training Opportunities for a Career in the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry/SectorJosse R. Thomas Epilogue

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Provides immediate help for anyone preparing a biomedical paper by givin specific advice on organizing the components of the paper, effective writing techniques, writing an effective results sections, documentation issues, sentence structure and much more. The new edition includes new examples from the current literature including many involving molecular biology, expanded exercises at the end of the book, revised explanations on linking key terms, transition clauses, uses of subheads, and emphases. If you plan to do any medical writing, read this book first and get an immediate advantage.Trade Review"In summary, Zeiger's thoroughness, combined with the clarity of the examples used to illustrate each principle of clear writing, are the book's strengths. We recommend Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers to students, editors, and writers at all levels who want to master IMRAD format or learn techniques that will improve their writing."--American Medical Writers Association American Medical Writers Association 20010101Table of ContentsPreface. Credits. The Goal: Clear Writing. Section I: The Building Blocks of Writing. Chapter 1: Word Choice. Chapter 2: Sentence Structure. Chapter 3: Paragraph Structure. Section II: The Text of the Biomedical Research Paper. Chapter 4: The Introduction. Chapter 5: Materials and Methods. Chapter 6: Results. Chapter 7: Discussion. Section III: Supporting Information. Chapter 8: Figures and Tables. Chapter 9: References. Section IV: The Overview. Chapter 10: The Abstract. Chapter 11: The Title. Chapter 12: The Big Picture. Reaching the Goal: Suggestions for Writing. Revisions of Exercises. Literature Cited. Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. The Origins of Drugs 2. Introduction to Clinical Trial Design 3. Run-in Period 4. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria, Stratification and Subgroups – Part I 5. Inclusion and Stratification Criteria – Part II 6. Randomization, Allocation, and Binding 7. Intent to Treat Analysis vs. Per Protocol Analysis 8. Biostatistics – Part I 9. Biostatistics – Part II 10. Introduction to Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Pharmacology 11. Endpoints in Clinical Trials on Solid Tumors – Objective Response 12. Oncology Endpoints: Overall Survival and Profession-Free Survival 13. Oncology Endpoints: Time to Progression 14. Oncology Endpoint: Disease-Free Survival 15. Oncology Endpoint: Time to Distant Metastasis 16. Neoadjuvant Therapy vs. Adjuvant Therapy 17. Hematological Cancers 18. Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine 19. Endpoints in Immune Diseases 20. Endpoints in Clinical Trials on Infections 21. Health-Related Quality of Life 22. Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments for Immune Disorders 23. Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments and Infections 24. Drug Safety 25. Mechanisms of Action, Part I 26. Mechanisms of Action, Part II – Cancer 27. Mechanisms of Action, Part III – Immune Disorders 28. Mechanisms of Action, Part IV- Infections 29. Consent Forms 30. Package Inserts 31. Regulatory Approval 32. Patents

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. An introduction to Anaesthesia and Anaesthetic Equipment 2. Anaesthetic agents 3. Monitoring and Managing Anaesthesia 4. Specialised techniques 5. Analgesia and Post-operative care 6. Anaesthesia of Common Laboratory Species Appendix 1. Physiological data 2. Estimation of use of inhalational agents and carrier gases 3. Calculations of dilutions of anaesthetic mixtures for small rodents 4. Manufacturers of equipment and other items illustrated or cited in the text

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTranslating Medicine, ca. 800–1900: Articulations and Disarticulations Tara Alberts, Sietske Fransen, and Elaine LeongTranslation and the Making of a Medical Archive: The Case of the Islamic Translation Movement Ahmed RagabUnveiling Nature: Liu Zhi’s Translation of Arabo-Persian Physiology in Early Modern China Dror WeilNew World Drugs and the Archive of Practice: Translating Nicolás Monardes in Early Modern Europe Alisha RankinWhen the Tallamys Met John French: Translating, Printing, and Reading The Art of Distillation Elaine LeongVernacular Languages and Invisible Labor in Ṭibb Shireen HamzaWhere There’s Smoke, There’s Fire: Pyric Technologies and African Pipes in the Early Modern World Benjamin BreenTranslating the Inner Landscape: Anatomical Bricolage in Early Modern Japan Daniel TrambaioloCasting Blood Circulations: Translatability and Braiding Sciences in Colonial Bengal Projit Bihari MukharjiFemale Authority in Translation: Medieval Catalan Texts on Women’s Health Montserrat Cabré[Un]Muffled Histories: Translating Bodily Practices in the Early Modern Caribbean Pablo F. GómezTranslating Surgery and Alchemy between Seventeenth-Century Europe and Siam Tara Alberts“Use Me as Your Test!”: Patients, Practitioners, and the Commensurability of Virtue Hansun HsiungNotes on Contributors Index

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