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Book SynopsisTrade Review".good, practical guide to a complex subject." Dave Bennett, CBRA".[Rothe] introduces methods of inquiry and draws on his considerable research experience to guide potential researchers. His expositions of the sometimes confusing world of qualitative inquiry are entertaining, thorough and accurate." -Jeffrey E. Nash, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Southwest Missouri State University

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Book SynopsisThis book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinicTrade Review'The editors have produced an indispensable tome. For the first time, the various methods and approaches used by clinical psychology researchers have been brought together. This book represents a watershed moment in the development of clinical psychology as a scientific discipline and belongs on the bookshelves of all clinical psychologists.' Robert F. Krueger, Distinguished McKnight University Professor, University of Minnesota'This handbook provides a much-needed primer on a range of methods important for clinical science. It would be an excellent addition to a graduate introductory course on methods in clinical science or a very useful resource for more advanced researchers wanting to learn about new approaches and methods in the field.' Deanna M. Barch, Chair and Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St Louis'Assembled by two highly respected clinical scientists, this handbook is current, comprehensive, and sophisticated. Researchers across a wide spectrum of experience will find this volume invaluable to their work. Written by leading experts, the chapters discuss methodological and quantitative approaches to address clinical psychology's most pressing questions.' Josh Miller, Professor and Director of Clinical Training, University of Georgia'This comprehensive treatment of the cutting-edge methods and procedures used in the rapidly evolving field of clinical research should be a go-to resource for anyone interested in the state-of-the-art in the discipline of clinical psychology. Topics as diverse as latent variable models, molecular genetics, functional imaging, and the replication crisis all receive clear and detailed consideration.' Leslie C. Morey, George T. and Gladys H. Abell Professor, Texas A&M UniversityTable of ContentsSection I. Clinical Psychological Science: An Evolving Field: 1. Trends in the evolving discipline of clinical psychology; 2. Defining and refining phenotypes: operational definitions as open concepts; 3. Building models of psychopathology spanning multiple modalities of measurements; Section II. Observational Approaches: 4. The conceptual foundations of descriptive psychopathology; 5. Survey and interview methods; 6. Psychometrics in clinical psychology research; 7. Latent variable models in clinical psychology; 8. Psychiatric epidemiology methods; Section III. Experimental and Biological Approaches: 9. Conceptual foundations of experimental psychopathology: historical context, scientific posture, and reflections on substantive and method matters; 10. A practical guide for designing and conducting cognitive studies in child psychopathology; 11. Peripheral psychophysiology; 12. Behavioral and molecular genetics; 13. Concepts and principles of clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging; 14. Reinforcement learning approaches to computational clinical neuroscience; Section IV. Developmental Psychopathology and Longitudinal Methods: 15. Studying psychopathology in early life: foundations of developmental psychopathology; 16. Adolescence and puberty: understanding the emergency of psychopathology; 17. Quantitative genetics research strategies for studying gene-environment interplay in the development of child and adolescent psychopathology; 18. Designing and managing longitudinal studies; 19. Measurement and comorbidity models for longitudinal data; Section V. Intervention Approaches: 20. The multiphase optimization strategy for developing and evaluating behavioral interventions; 21. Future directions in developing and evaluating psychological interventions; 22. Health psychology and behavioral medicine: methodological issues in the study of psychosocial influences on disease; Section VI. Intensive Longitudinal Designs: 23. Ambulatory assessment; 24. Modeling intensive longitudinal data; 25. Modeling the individual: bridging nomothetic and idiographic levels of analysis; 26. Social processes and dyadic designs; 27. Models for dyadic data; Section VII. General Analytic Considerations: 28. Reproducibility in clinical psychology; 29. Meta-analysis: integration of empirical findings through quantitative modeling; 30. Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: regression-based approaches for clinical research; 31. Statistical inference for causal effects in clinical psychology: fundamental concepts and analytical approaches; 32. Analyzing nested data: multilevel modeling and alternative approaches; 33. Missing data analyses; 34. Machine learning for clinical psychology and clinical neuroscience.

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Book SynopsisThe go-to guide for graduate students and professionals in research methods and research design in clinical psychology. Comprehensive, and with examples drawn from topics of general interest and various disciplines, this fully revised and updated edition presents the latest principles and practices of how to conduct scientific research.Trade Review'Dr. Kazdin's Research Design in Clinical Psychology (6th edition) is the perfect textbook to help students develop skills in and appreciation for sound research design. Research Methods is often the course that students dread, finding the material dry and inaccessible, but Dr. Kazdin's approach to balancing scientific rigor with humor will make the material come alive for students. He provides numerous examples to guide students in understanding why certain methods are needed and when they are appropriate.' Arielle Baskin-Sommers, Yale University'A wonderful approach to research design, successfully leading students and faculty to focus upon those underlying critical questions. An important subject which can be overwhelming for many becomes alive and intriguing, if not fascinating. This sixth edition utilizes visionary real-life examples to bring home underlying and often complex concepts.' Pat DeLeon, University of Hawaii'This invaluable text approaches methodology as a 'way of thinking' to help students see the challenge and excitement of designing solid, useful psychological research. Rather than marching through a checklist of research designs, Kazdin provides a principle-based approach to help students understand the rationale and reasoning behind selection of specific empirical approaches. No one approach is centered, as Kazdin recognizes the value of using different lenses to study the complexity of human behavior. Thank you, Dr. Kazdin, for this updated, useful resource.' J. Gayle Beck, University of Memphis'Science is a way of knowing how the world and the people in it work, free of the biases, distortions, and prejudices so prevalent today. In this, the sixth edition of Research Design in Clinical Psychology by Alan Kazdin, one finds the most comprehensive, lucid, and useful description of the various scientific methods applicable in clinical psychology in a well-written, well-organized, and easy-to-digest presentation. From the initial step of developing an idea, through randomized controlled trials, single case experimental designs, as well as observational and qualitative methods, and accompanied by review questions and key comments, students and established researchers alike will find everything they need to engage in meaningful research. There is good reason this book has become the gold standard.' David H. Barlow, Boston University'Research Design in Clinical Psychology is required reading for anyone interested in conducting clinical research. I learned how to design research studies using this book and I still use it to this day as a reference to guide my work and that of my students and trainees. It's comprehensive, incredibly clear, and the updates in this new edition make this a must-have book.' Matthew K. Nock, Harvard University'Alan Kazdin is one of the great minds of our generation. His intellectual and empirical leadership has placed him at the summit of clinical psychological science, and this sixth edition of Research Design in Clinical Psychology nicely illustrates his contributions as teacher and sensei. Written with clarity, style, and wit, the book provides a soup-to-nuts guide to the research process. It starts with the basic question of why we even need science, explains what is needed for valid inference, describes diverse research designs and ways to analyze data, and offers characteristically wise perspectives on ethics and scientific integrity. This volume is an ideal text for clinical science students and an invaluable reference for the rest of us!' John Weisz, Harvard University'A clinical psychology graduate course on research methods would be incomplete without this book. The latest edition evolves in content and scope, adapting research methods to a dynamic scientific landscape. Kazdin is prepared like no other scholar to show students how to design studies that accurately characterize the mental health phenomena that manifest in a diverse, rapidly changing world.' Andres De Los Reyes, University of MarylandTable of ContentsPreface; About the author; 1. Introduction; 2. Drawing valid inferences I: internal and external validity; 3. Drawing valid inferences II: construct and data-evaluation validity; 4. Ideas that begin the research process: sources and guiding concepts; 5. Experimental research: group designs; 6. Control and comparison groups in experiments; 7. Observational research: case-control and cohort designs; 8. Single-case experimental research designs; 9. Qualitative and mixed methods research; 10. Assessment: selecting measures for research; 11. Assessment: types of measures and their use; 12. Special topics of assessment; 13. Data evaluation: null hypothesis significance testing; 14. Data evaluation: presenting and analyzing the data; 15. Data interpretation: cautions, 'negative results' and replication; 16. Ethical issues and guidelines for research; 17. Scientific integrity; 18. Communication of research findings; 19. Closing comments: guidelines for a well (and quickly) designed study; Glossary; References; Name index; Subject index.

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Book SynopsisThis book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinicTrade Review'The editors have produced an indispensable tome. For the first time, the various methods and approaches used by clinical psychology researchers have been brought together. This book represents a watershed moment in the development of clinical psychology as a scientific discipline and belongs on the bookshelves of all clinical psychologists.' Robert F. Krueger, Distinguished McKnight University Professor, University of Minnesota'This handbook provides a much-needed primer on a range of methods important for clinical science. It would be an excellent addition to a graduate introductory course on methods in clinical science or a very useful resource for more advanced researchers wanting to learn about new approaches and methods in the field.' Deanna M. Barch, Chair and Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St Louis'Assembled by two highly respected clinical scientists, this handbook is current, comprehensive, and sophisticated. Researchers across a wide spectrum of experience will find this volume invaluable to their work. Written by leading experts, the chapters discuss methodological and quantitative approaches to address clinical psychology's most pressing questions.' Josh Miller, Professor and Director of Clinical Training, University of Georgia'This comprehensive treatment of the cutting-edge methods and procedures used in the rapidly evolving field of clinical research should be a go-to resource for anyone interested in the state-of-the-art in the discipline of clinical psychology. Topics as diverse as latent variable models, molecular genetics, functional imaging, and the replication crisis all receive clear and detailed consideration.' Leslie C. Morey, George T. and Gladys H. Abell Professor, Texas A&M UniversityTable of ContentsSection I. Clinical Psychological Science: An Evolving Field: 1. Trends in the evolving discipline of clinical psychology; 2. Defining and refining phenotypes: operational definitions as open concepts; 3. Building models of psychopathology spanning multiple modalities of measurements; Section II. Observational Approaches: 4. The conceptual foundations of descriptive psychopathology; 5. Survey and interview methods; 6. Psychometrics in clinical psychology research; 7. Latent variable models in clinical psychology; 8. Psychiatric epidemiology methods; Section III. Experimental and Biological Approaches: 9. Conceptual foundations of experimental psychopathology: historical context, scientific posture, and reflections on substantive and method matters; 10. A practical guide for designing and conducting cognitive studies in child psychopathology; 11. Peripheral psychophysiology; 12. Behavioral and molecular genetics; 13. Concepts and principles of clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging; 14. Reinforcement learning approaches to computational clinical neuroscience; Section IV. Developmental Psychopathology and Longitudinal Methods: 15. Studying psychopathology in early life: foundations of developmental psychopathology; 16. Adolescence and puberty: understanding the emergency of psychopathology; 17. Quantitative genetics research strategies for studying gene-environment interplay in the development of child and adolescent psychopathology; 18. Designing and managing longitudinal studies; 19. Measurement and comorbidity models for longitudinal data; Section V. Intervention Approaches: 20. The multiphase optimization strategy for developing and evaluating behavioral interventions; 21. Future directions in developing and evaluating psychological interventions; 22. Health psychology and behavioral medicine: methodological issues in the study of psychosocial influences on disease; Section VI. Intensive Longitudinal Designs: 23. Ambulatory assessment; 24. Modeling intensive longitudinal data; 25. Modeling the individual: bridging nomothetic and idiographic levels of analysis; 26. Social processes and dyadic designs; 27. Models for dyadic data; Section VII. General Analytic Considerations: 28. Reproducibility in clinical psychology; 29. Meta-analysis: integration of empirical findings through quantitative modeling; 30. Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: regression-based approaches for clinical research; 31. Statistical inference for causal effects in clinical psychology: fundamental concepts and analytical approaches; 32. Analyzing nested data: multilevel modeling and alternative approaches; 33. Missing data analyses; 34. Machine learning for clinical psychology and clinical neuroscience.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides new research insights on rare diseases. Chapter One reviews the use of patients'' registries as a key tool in rare disease management. Chapter Two discusses the worldwide experience with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with rare abdominal and pelvic neoplasms with peritoneal metastases that should be evaluated for long-term benefit. Chapter Three explores the contribution of psychology-related research on Congenital Anomalies (CAs) from the analysis of international scientific literature.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters in this volume present the latest developments in medicine and biology. The overuse and everyday abuse both in humans and animals, in conjunction with the decreased production of new antimicrobial drugs during the last years, have led to the limitation of the treatment choices and the development of antibiotics resistance as discussed in Chapter One. Chapter Two reports on the overuse of antibiotics as a serious public health problem, and the clear correlation between their use and the emergence of resistant bacterial strains both at the individual and populace levels. Chapter Three discusses how antibiotics play a major role in the treatment of infectious diseases; however, there is evidence that they are also used for non-indicated viral conditions. Chapter Four studies pharmacovigilance which is the science relating to the collection, detection, assessment and prevention of adverse reactions and other problems associated with drugs. Chapter Five reviews adverse events associated with ibrutinib with an emphasis on infections, bleeding, and atrial fibrillation. In general, as a method of treatment of GH patients with frequent relapses (more than 6 times a year), Chapter Six recommends individual therapy combining etiotropic chemotherapy and additional immunotherapy with the IFN drugs and IFN inducers developed in Russia Chapter Seven evaluates current research findings on the measurement resolution of the most commonly used dehydration markers, their applicability in combat sports research and the potential health-related risks of excessive hypohydration. Chapter Eight discusses peritonectomy using electrosurgical dissection with a ball-tip as a new methodology for obtaining control of peritoneal metastases.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One reports on how neural network learning is possible in patients who are not conscious including patients in the vegetative state. Chapter Two is written for educational therapists who are working with ASD cases and the aim is twofold. Firstly, it is to raise the awareness among educational therapists on current neuroscientific studies on the autistic brain and its ASCs (and hence, ASD). Secondly, it is to inform how the findings from these neuroimaging studies can be translated into praxiological implications in autism treatment plan design for educational therapists. Chapter Three studies the postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients after cardiac surgeries along with extensive review of the literature in this field. At least three types of POCD may be outlined, and therefore tests sensitive to each type of POCD should be included into test batteries. Chapter Four discusses the common types of brachial plexus injuries, local anatomy, exam findings, classification systems for injury severity, diagnostic tests and management. Chapter Five integrates the results of prior publications and describes additional findings and further implications providing indications that these intra- and intermuscular sequencing patterns are referenced to the cross-system relevance of efficient movement coordination in general, interlocking the whole range from intersegmental motor interactions down to the functional structures within specific muscles, as one functional entity. Chapter Six reports on strabismus which is the most frequent ocular surgery performed in childhood and requires anaesthesia that provides akinesia, analgesia, and sometimes ocular hypotonia, to adjust sutures. Chapter Seven studies the poster dorsal medial amygdala (MePD) which is involved in the display of reproductive behaviour in both male and female rats. Further studies demonstrated that it also integrates a subcortical social behaviour network with additional, but selective modulatory roles.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One summarized the progress of this area over the past two decades by showing that inflammatory mediators (ligands in a positive feedback loop and/or other inflammatory mediators through receptor cross-talk) released from inflamed or injured tissues increase cell surface trafficking of nociceptive receptors in primary sensory neurons and dorsal horn neurons. The aim of Chapter Two is to discuss and detail well-established stress animal models, discussing their validity to mimic human neuropsychiatric disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety and cognitive deficiency). Chapter Three discusses post-dural puncture headache (PPH) which is the most common major complication following neuraxial anaesthesia and usually happens in obstetrics. Chapter Four reviews the known pharmacological mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation synthetic cathinones in the central nervous system in comparison to those of cocaine and amphetamines. These studies of the efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in adults with ADHD are reviewed in Chapter Five. As reported in Chapter Six, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is mediated by many factors and plays an important role in several diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, stroke, depression and epilepsy. In Chapter Seven, cognitive maps characteristics and the brain systems involved in spatial navigation of cognitive maps are the main focus. Chapter Eight reports on the improvement of human cognition and its precision due to technological advancement within the field of neuroscience. Chapter Nine demonstrates that low concentrations of N-acyl dopamines (below 1 am) stimulate cell proliferation, intermediate ones (1-20 gm.) induce differentiation, and higher ones lead to apoptosis.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Medicine Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of medicinal research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisIn the first chapter of Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 14, the secondary mechanical complications of acute coronary syndrome are discussed while presenting initial treatment methods by way of pharmacology. These complications typically occur swiftly (acute phase and subacute phase) and they originate in the severe cardiac expansion zones, in border regions with the healthy tissue as well as the infarcted tissue. The second chapter explains that preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific syndrome of reduced organ perfusion secondary to vasospasm and endothelial activation, is a major complication in pregnancy, occurring in 7-10% of all pregnant women, and is one of the major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and perinatal mortality. The author explores the way in which markers of endothelial dysfunction could be used to predict hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. The third chapter examines modern percutaneous technologies for the controlling of valvular heart disease, with the goal of pinpointing new opportunities for research. Additionally, the utility of various emerging balloon valvuloplasty techniques, MitraClip, and valve-in-valve approaches are explained in the hopes that understanding their limitations might aid in new research. Molecular domains in heart muscles in family members are classified in the fourth chapter, with the intention of ascertaining the effect of vasodilator agents, sugar, and hypoxia on the operation of protein domains. The domains inside the heart aorta and vein of a slaughtered domestic pig are studied to ascertain how acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), ramipril, sugar, heat and physical exertions influenced them. Next, research on the link between family history of depression and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is presented in the fifth chapter. Depression is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of diseases, and is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, therefore it is essential to develop a link between how genetics and inheritance in families may worsen the prognosis of cardiovascular disease in offspring. The sixth chapter supports the claim that ivabradine should be the primary pharmacologic treatment for patients with symptoms of inappropriate sinus tachycardia by ruling out other possible causes.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a continuation of the book Medicine Researcher Biographical Sketches and Research Summaries which compiles biographical sketches of top professionals in the field of medicinal research, as well as research summaries from a number of different focuses in this important field.

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Book SynopsisDuring the 115th Congress, several bipartisan bills were introduced that aimed to expand the number of telehealth services that are covered under Medicare. Telehealth is the electronic delivery of a health care service via a technological method. Health care providers use telehealth to improve patients access to and quality of care. Under Medicare, these patients are likely to live in rural areas, be under the age of 65 and be disabled. The first chapter in this book examines legislation as it relates to expanding telehealth services, including the five conditions that a telehealth service must meet to be covered and paid for under Medicare Part B. The second chapter focuses on the background and key issues surrounding biologics and biosimilars. Biologics and biosimilars frequently require special handling (such as refrigeration) and processing to avoid contamination by microbes and other unwanted substances. Also, they are usually administered to patients via injection or infused directly into the bloodstream. For these reasons, biologics often are referred to as specialty drugs. The cost of specialty drugs, including biologics, can be extremely high. The next chapter is a two-page report on a recent experiment in the United States using the gene modification tool CRISPR to target a disease gene in human embryos which raised optimism about promising medical advances, generated scientific debate as well as renewed debate about longstanding ethical issues. The fourth chapter provides a brief history of FDA drug regulation, describes FDAs early risk management programs, and focuses on the agencys current risk management authorities, specifically risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). The chapter also discusses issues that have arisen as a result of REMS, particularly the impact on generic drug competition. The last chapter of this book addresses frequently asked questions about government and private-sector policies that affect drug prices and availability. Among the prescription drug topics covered are federally funded research and development, regulation of direct-to-consumer advertising, legal restrictions on reimportation and federal price negotiation.

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Book SynopsisMany cancers are associated with the abnormal production of some molecules which can be measured in plasma/urine or can be detected on the surface of resected tumour tissue. These molecules are known as tumour markers. The potential uses of tumour markers are screening in the general population, differential diagnoses of symptomatic patients, clinical staging of cancer, estimating tumour volume, indicating prognosis, monitoring treatment and detecting recurrences. In order to obtain maximum clinical benefit, a tumour marker should have some characteristics. A tumour marker should be tissue-specific. The plasma level of the tumour marker should be in proportion to the size and activity of the tumour. A tumour marker should be present in plasma at a detectable level, even though tumour size is very small. A tumour marker should reflect the altered tumour characteristic as a response to therapy. Unfortunately, currently used tumour markers do not meet all of these criteria. A majority of them are present in normal, benign and tumour tissues, and unfortunately, they are not specific enough to be used for cancer screening in the general population. In addition, conventional tumour markers are poor in reflecting altered tumour behavior in response to anticancer therapy. They are of most value during follow-up appointments. Recent developments in molecular biology have led to the identification of numerous new tumour biomarkers. Firstly, the detection of DNA and RNA freely circulating in blood has provided a new perspective for the early diagnosis of cancer, patient follow-up, and assessment of therapy efficacy. Circulating free nucleic acids can originate from both malignant and non-malignant tissues. Discrimination of tumour cells is based on the presence of tumour-specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. This circulating nucleic acid-based approach is termed a liquid biopsy. Due to its non-invasive and repeatable features, liquid biopsy is a promising tool for cancer patients. It is particularly helpful in cancers where solid tissue biopsies are not feasible, and in the metastatic patients when multiple distinct tumour masses are simultaneously present. As another advantage, liquid biopsy shows the current tumour dynamics during anticancer therapy and drug sensitivities that conventional examinations fail to reflect. Secondly, self-renewable stem cells have the potential to cause cancer. If stem cells are genetically or epienetically changed, their differentiation potential becomes impaired and their proliferative capacity becomes uncontrolled. Current anticancer therapies mostly fail to eradicate cancer stem cells and instead favor expansion of the cancer stem cell pool and/or select for resistant stem cells. Thirdly, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and transfer RNA fragments found in the bloodstream are candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of cancer. This book provides an overview of these new molecular tumour markers.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening chapter of Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 135, the authors propose that to correctly interpret the results of procalcitonin accuracy studies for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, we must analyze the methods we use to measure procalcitonin performance. Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan that causes Chagas disease, also known as America Trypanosomiasis. The authors discuss techniques for diagnosis, including parasitological methods based on microscopy, xenodiagnoses and microscopic examination of fresh anticoagulated blood or buffy coat. The collection goes on to discuss rhabdomyolysis, a clinical syndrome caused by injury to skeletal muscle fibres with the release of their breakdown products, especially myoglobin, into the circulation. The condition is associated with traumatic injury, crush syndrome, extreme exercise, drugs, toxins and malignant hyperthermia among other things. In the next review, the authors intend to aid our understanding of lipid metabolism and provide a rational basis for future research in drug development by analysing current data related to the role of mutual regulation between hormone-sensitive lipase and insulin, discussing unanswered questions in different lines of studies. Following this, one study aims increase the activity of high-molecular-weight heparin through the development of a new high active heparin complex with glutamate. The thermodynamic simulation of chemical equilibria based on pH data and the molecular dynamics simulation were used. Later, the structure of two human blood groups with both AB active glycoproteins (HOC 89 and Cyst 19) isolated from human ovarian cyst fluids are introduced. Their properties are characterized by interactions with mAbs against the human blood group (ABH), Lewis system, sialyl glycotopes and various applied lectins. This collection also reviews differential diagnostic considerations to consider when making a diagnosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the breast. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors account for approximately 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas and are associated with neurofibromatosis type I and a prior history of radiation. They are aggressive tumors with a propensity to recur and to develop distant metastases. An analysis is provided concerning the literature regarding the clinicopathologic features of epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Particular attention is paid to how this variant may be differentiated from other diagnostic considerations and on the utility of molecular testing in the evaluation of these lesions. Finnish type congenital nephrotic syndrome, also known as type 1 nephrotic syndrome (NPHS1), OMIM 256300, is caused by mutations in the nephrin gene. These mutations cause a congenital glomerulonephritis, which is particularly frequent in Finland (incidence of 1:8200 newborns). Since immunosuppressive therapy does not induce clinical remission, the authors propose that the best method of treatment is a bilateral nephrectomy and kidney transplantation. In the subsequent chapter, the effect of advanced glycation end products on renal cell in diabetic nephropathy is discussed in respect to downstream alterations such as reactive oxygen species production, activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, nuclear factor-kappa B activation, synthesis of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and fibronectin leading to epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the concluding chapter, the potential problem of quinoline yellow as food additive is introduced, followed by detailed description of the electrochemical methods of detection. Quinoline yellow is commonly applied as a food colorant, however it may cause allergy symptoms in those allergic to aspirin and lead to severer hyperactivity in children.

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Book SynopsisIn Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 138, the authors reflect on the development of ethically reliable procedures that keep in line with cultural traits while guaranteeing proper implementation of the fundamental principles of bioethics, within the framework of ethically binding biomedical research. As such, this write-up gives an overview on the ethical implications and regulatory issues governing African traditional medicine research practices in Cameroon.This collection goes on to present the relationship between riboflavins chemical properties and its exploitable applications in both living organisms and analytical assays. Riboflavin, popularly known as Vitamin B2 or Vitamin G, was historically the second identified vitamin and presents itself as a yellow solid substance, and its higher stabilization is observed at pH 5.In the following study, technological discrimination of lactic acid bacteria species isolated from fermented cereal foods available in Abidjan are presented as of interest, because these species are used as starter cultures to optimize fermented product quality. The sugar fermentation pattern and identity of twenty-three lactic acid bacteria isolates were carried out by using a ApiwebTM/Api50 CHL test kit. Protease, amylase, and bacteriocins production as well as growth parameters after 18h culture are performed.Topical naltrexone therapy has been reported to reverse diabetes complications in type 1 and type 2 animal models in an effective and non-toxic manner. Because of this, the authors discuss the mechanism of action of naltrexone, as well as data documenting its efficacy in therapy for diabetic complications, supporting the repurposing of naltrexone for clinical use.Additionally, general opioid receptor antagonists such as naltrexone that block classical opioid receptors mu, delta, and kappa are still widely used to reverse drug and alcohol overdose/use. With the discovery of the opioid growth factor receptor axis as a novel biological pathway involved in homeostasis of replicating cells and tissues, the role of opioid receptor antagonists is expanded.Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed in a variety of cells, and their heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains bind to several proteins (such as chemokine and growth factors) taking on various biological roles. Several types of proteoglycans, including syndecans in the lung as components of extracellular matrices, were previously recognized only as molecular glue that supports the structure of tissues. However, growing evidence suggests that proteoglycans have a variety of biological activities such as control of inflammation, wound healing, development and homeostasis, which the authors examine.M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is a type I transmembrane receptor and belongs to the mannose receptor family. In 2009, M-type phospholipase A2 receptor was identified as a target intrinsic antigen in most cases of primary membranous nephropathy. The authors propose that in addition, the detection of circulating anti-M-type phospholipase A2 antibodies is useful not only for the differential diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy but also for monitoring treatment, including after renal transplantation.The most frequent familial amyloidosis presentation is due to transthyretin, a protein analyzed in the concluding chapter and originally referred to as pre-albumin. There are more than eighty transthyretin mutations, the majority being amyloidogenic. The carriers of the mutation on this protein genes show a clinical heterogeneous amyloidosis according to the nature of aminoacid substitution.

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Book SynopsisIn the opening chapter, authors discuss the current literature that describes the application of Palliative Medicine services in advanced cancer, models of Palliative Care delivery by site and mode of practice, cost-effectiveness of early Palliative Medicine referral patterns and national and international Palliative Medicine practice and referral guidelines. The chapter will also discuss the outcomes of Palliative Medicine in Oncology focusing on the improvements in patient clinical and quality of life outcomes. Next, a systematic chapter aims to better explain the mechanisms that underlie electrolyte disturbances in cancer patients, to stress on the serious prognostic implications involved and to provide practical and useful indications for the prompt diagnosis, management and therapy of electrolyte disorders. The authors discuss over thirty Pt{Î2-P(X)nP}Cl2 (n = 5,6,7,8) derivatives in which organodiphosphines create wide varieties of the metallocyclic rings: eight-membered (PC5P, PC2OC2P, PC2NC2P), nine-membered (PC6P, POC4OP), ten-membered (POC5OP, PC2OCOC2P, PC3OC3P), and eleven-membered (PC8P, PNC6NP, POC6OP). Another included study covers eighty five Pt(II) complexes with an inner coordination sphere of cis- PtP2Cl2. The P- donor ligands are organodiphosphines which create four- and five-membered metallocyclic rings with the PCP, PNP, PC-CP, PC=CP, PN2P and PCOP types. In the penultimate chapter, the authors examine over forty cis-Pt(Î2-PXXXP)Cl2 derivatives in which organodiphosphines create six-membered metallocyclic rings, and the concluding chapter examines over thirty cis-Pt(Î2-PXXXXP)Cl2 derivatives in which organodihosphines create seven-membered metallocyclic rings.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/new-developments-in-oncology-research/

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Book SynopsisThis reference book equips readers with cutting-edge information on the many advances in diagnostic and therapeutic treatments for human diseases that have been made in recent years, with examples from laboratory medicine. Diagnostic procedures and treatment protocols are a critical part of the health care system, providing dynamic information that influences provider decisions with respect to disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment procedures, and management of the disease. With advances in medical technologies over the past few decades, diagnostics have become even more essential to the practice of medicine for personalised diagnosis and treatment. Developments in health care technologies have extended the survival prospects of persons all over the globe. Once serious conditions have become considerably easier to manage and even cure in numerous cases. Constant laboratory investigations in the health sciences have expanded the quality of treatment, life-expectancy, as well as the quality of life for patients. In this book, readers will find a detailed discussion of new methodologies in treating diseases, including 3D technology, and prediction of chronic diseases using computation techniques, which provide promising avenues for the diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of diseases.

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Book SynopsisThis book represents current findings on the impact of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases and underlying mechanisms of antioxidants influencing health and disease processes. The book is divided into seven sections that describe how antioxidants defend oxidative stress-mediated diseases as well as recent developments, future opportunities, and challenges. Sections 1 analyses the role of oxidative stress in aging and associated diseases as well as the use of antioxidants in health maintenance, preventing and repairing injuries caused by oxidative stress. Section 2 represents the status of various antioxidants in cigarette smoking and antioxidant defense against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Section 3 focuses on the effect of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the existing status of antioxidant therapy. Section 4 covers the impact of oxidative stress at different levels of chronic degenerative diseases, as well as treatment with antioxidants to revert and diminish the cellular injury. Section 5 offers the importance of antioxidants in abating the pathological processes involved in hypertension and stroke. Section 6 presents the complexity associated with oxidative stress and metabolic disorders as well as the potential of antioxidants used in amelioration of related pathologies. Section 7 discusses the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress-mediated erectile dysfunctions and the significance of antioxidants in pregnancy. The book represents the copious set of specific research updates and diaphanous understanding of oxidative stress-mediated cellular damages and role of antioxidants in disease processes from experienced and eminent academicians, researchers, and scientists from throughout the world. Suitable for professionals, academicians, students, researchers, scientists and industrialists around the world in the biomedical, health, and life science fields.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/oxidativestressandantioxidantdefensebiomedicalvalueinhealthanddiseases/

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Book SynopsisMastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy cattle occurring throughout the world. It is of particular concern for farmers in developing countries like India. The economic loss due to mastitis is associated with reduced milk production, discard of milk due to antibiotic residues, treatment and management costs, and occasional deaths. The menace has a serious zoonotic threat due to shedding of bacteria and their toxins through the milk. Mastitis is caused by a wide spectrum of pathogens and, it is categorized into contagious and environmental mastitis. The major contagious pathogens include Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Mycoplasma spp. and Corynebacterium bovis. The environmental mastitis can be induced by those pathogens residing in the environment such as E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. On the basis of symptoms, mastitis can be classified into either clinical or sub-clinical. Clinical mastitis is characterized by sudden onset, alterations of milk composition and appearance, decreased milk production, and the presence of the cardinal signs of inflammation in the udder. In contrast, in sub-clinical mastitis, no cardinal signs are detected although the milk production is decreased and the somatic cell count is increased. The diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis is a real challenge in the dairy industry. The book contains a total of 7 chapters including a research chapter (chapter 6) for control of mastitis, a global problem with public health menace. Persons associated with antimicrobial stewardship and drug control policies may go through chapters 5 and 7 for getting some suggestions and clarifications for their consideration. The use of propolis for mastitis control is an innuendo for the reduction of antimicrobial misuse. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens isolated from ewes and goats with mastitis has been recorded. This approach is in line with the antimicrobial stewardship, with the aim of limiting the selection for antimicrobial resistant strains. Propolis ethanol extracts showed a good bactericidal activity against mastitis pathogens as well as the capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and to disrupt established biofilm. These results strongly suggest that propolis may be part of a mastitis control strategy. The present book is a comprehensive attempt to cover the relevant topics of bovine mastitis such as physiology of milk secreation with associated biomarkers, immune responses of udder, updated etiology, current trends in conventional treatment and management, prospect of herbal preparations and propolis as supportive treatment options. The book will cater the need of the veterinary/dairy science/one health students, professionals, researchers and moreover, the progressive farmers who wish to understand the basics of the menace. Any suggestions from any corner for the improvement of the book will be gladly acknowledged.Table of ContentsDedicationPrefaceBasic Understandings of MastitisPhysiology of Milk Secretion and Its Alteration during Mastitis with Related BiomarkersImmune Responses of Mammary GlandBovine Mastitis: Etiology & Epidemiology, Current Trends and Future Perspectives in Monitoring, Detection, and TreatmentsThe Commonly Used Drugs for Conventional Therapy of MastitisThe Use of Propolis for Mastitis ControlSupportive Herbal Preparations with Antimicrobial Drugs for Treatment of MastitisAbout the Editor and AuthorsIndex.

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Book SynopsisThe incidence of cancer is alarmingly increasing worldwide. The major problem that the medical profession is currently facing refers to "late presentation" patients who, for the most part, have reached the terminal stage of the illness. For these people, the only treatment option left is palliative care. Various patterns of palliation have been in practice in every culture and in every ethnic group for generations. Unfortunately, we still lack significant and sustained investment in research related to the practice of palliative care. Authors from around the globe seek more investment of public and private funds to investigate ways to improve the bedside practice of palliative care. Modern palliative care concepts were established by Dame Cicely Saunders, from London, UK, right after World War II. It is only in the past 15 to 20 years that this new discipline started to develop in the developing world. However, we still lack the essential basic biological processes involved in relieving the suffering of cancer patients while receiving palliative measures throughout the trajectory of the disease. This book owes its origins in large measure to physicians and nurses in 30 countries globally, who decided to devote their time, energy, compassion and goodwill, to the promotion of palliative care in their countries and communities, yet they lack solid evidence-based data to rely upon while extending their treatment to both patients and family members. The goal, in part, is to bridge the gap between scientists and clinicians from developed countries and those in developing countries. We have been aware of the variances between cultures, traditions, beliefs and practices. I am continually struck by the seemingly diametrical views of "knowing" and cultures and the strong overlaps that might give rise to new ideas. We hope that these new volumes will serve to inspire health professionals'' and administrators'' interests and appreciation for the investment in basic and clinical research that will serve to advance our understanding of the underlying physical and emotional factors involved while extending palliative care to patients suffering from cancer and other non-communicable illnesses.

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Book SynopsisThe incidence of cancer is alarmingly increasing worldwide. The major problem that the medical profession is currently facing refers to "late presentation" patients who, for the most part, have reached the terminal stage of the illness. For these people, the only treatment option left is palliative care. Various patterns of palliation have been in practice in every culture and in every ethnic group for generations. Unfortunately, we still lack significant and sustained investment in research related to the practice of palliative care. Authors from around the globe seek more investment of public and private funds to investigate ways to improve the bedside practice of palliative care. Modern palliative care concepts were established by Dame Cicely Saunders, from London, UK, right after World War II. It is only in the past 15 to 20 years that this new discipline started to develop in the developing world. However, we still lack the essential basic biological processes involved in relieving the suffering of cancer patients while receiving palliative measures throughout the trajectory of the disease. This book owes its origins in large measure to physicians and nurses in 30 countries globally, who decided to devote their time, energy, compassion and goodwill, to the promotion of palliative care in their countries and communities, yet they lack solid evidence-based data to rely upon while extending their treatment to both patients and family members. The goal, in part, is to bridge the gap between scientists and clinicians from developed countries and those in developing countries. We have been aware of the variances between cultures, traditions, beliefs and practices. I am continually struck by the seemingly diametrical views of "knowing" and cultures and the strong overlaps that might give rise to new ideas. We hope that these new volumes will serve to inspire health professionals'' and administrators'' interests and appreciation for the investment in basic and clinical research that will serve to advance our understanding of the underlying physical and emotional factors involved while extending palliative care to patients suffering from cancer and other non-communicable illnesses.

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Book SynopsisThoracic lymphadenopathy consists of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy. Thoracic lymph nodes are anatomically one of the most complex groups of the lymphatic network in the body and describing them could be nerve wracking if there is no proper understanding of the locations, its systemic divisions and its significance in diseased states. Thoracic lymphadenopathy is one of the most common radiological findings seen on the CT scan of thorax. The incidence of these findings have particularly increased in the era of lung cancer screening with low dose CT scan of the chest. The differential diagnosis for mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy is broad and spans from being reactive to benign disease to lung cancer or metastatic cancer. In this book, we have tried to simplify the lymph node stations based on the latest IASLC guidelines, done a very comprehensive review about mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in different disease states and provided the pathway to diagnosis. This book also gives a detailed account of noninvasive testing including CT chest and PET CTs. This book also discusses in detail the advanced endoscopic and non-endoscopic procedures like EBUS-TBNA, EUS and Mediastinoscopy that we have at our disposal for the diagnosis of thoracic lymphadenopathy. The indications, contraindications, sensitivity and specificity of each procedure is discussed in detail.Table of ContentsDedicationPrefaceAnatomy of Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph NodesLung CancerMetastatic CancersLymphomaInfectious DiseasesSarcoidosisInterstitial and Occupational Lung DiseasesMiscellaneous Disorders Affecting Thoracic Lymph NodesRole of EBUS/EUS in the Diagnosis of Mediastinal and Hilar LymphadenopathyMediastinoscopy for the Diagnosis of Mediastinal and Hilar LymphadenopathyAbout the EditorIndex.

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Book SynopsisThis book describes cases in medical and pediatrics field in which physicians may encounter in daily practice. Case reports in our book were conducted in a broad range of medical field (medical acupuncture, internal medicine, pediatrics, sports medicine, physical, and rehabilitation, infectious disease, dermatology, and venereology, pulmonology, psychiatry, emergency, and critical care). We combined common and unusual but unique cases in daily practice, which readers will find very interesting. Chapters are divided by nine specific fields including medical acupuncture, internal medicine, sports medicine, physical, and rehabilitation, infectious disease, dermatology and venereology, pulmonology, psychiatry, emergency and critical care, and pediatrics. Our cases are original and might have unexpected presentations of a new and emerging disease. This book will expand knowledge in the field of medicine that is written by our best practitioners and specialists. This valuable bundle of 61 case reports provides access to the case (history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests including laboratory, imaging, and histopathological examination), differential diagnosis, treatment, and educational messages for suggested case solutions. Approach to the cases is explained step-by-step with clear explanations of theory and practice. Essential key learning points and references are included in every case to aid the physician to understand better about the disease and to improve the patient outcomes.

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Book SynopsisCenturies ago, predicting was an enterprise entrusted to magic and fortune tellers, while today it is the domain of knowledge to which researchers and scientists contribute daily, analyzing and interpreting pathologies, trying to decode the complexity of life, represented by unresolved problems. Regenerating damaged organs and tissues, an act that was also once called magic, is now entrusted to the same scientists and translational surgeons who, through the entrance of the laboratory in the operating room, have allowed us to move from replacement surgery (hair transplant) to regenerative surgery (hair re-growth) with cell therapies and tissue engineering. The passion for Regenerative Plastic Surgery and for the treatment of some pathologies addressed by it, such as Alopecia, has led, over the years, the author and publisher Prof. Pietro Gentile to better investigate, through rigorous scientific studies, the possible new autologous therapies in the treatment of alopecia. This book represents all the latest knowledge in the treatment and prevention of Alopecia, transmitted by all the experts who have decided to contribute to the realization of this work. The visionary idea of this text is therefore to provide the state of the art at the end of the year 2019 in the field of Alopecia.Table of ContentsPreface; Psychological Impact of Alopecia; Androgenetic Alopecia: Diagnosis, Clinical Assessment and Traditional Treatment; Alopecia Areata: Risk Factors, Treatment and Impact on Quality of Life; A Unique Cocktail of Regenerative Trichology Powered with Right Nutrition-A Novel Approach to Address Hair Disorders; Growth Factor Rich Therapies for the Treatment of Hair Loss; Autologous Micro-Grafts Containing Human Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HF-MSCs) from Scalp Tissue: Clinical Use in Androgenetic Alopecia; Platelet Rich Plasma: Clinical Use in Androgenetic Alopecia and Biomolecular Pathway Analysis; Three- Co-Fat; FDA and European Rules Regarding Use of Adipose Derived-Stromal Vascular Cells (AD-SVFs) and Human Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HF-MSCs) in Hair Re-Growth; Index.

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Book SynopsisVirtually all cervical cancer cases are caused by human papilloma viruses (HPV), mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18. Furthermore, HPVs may cause other types of cancer, such as squamous anal cancers and vulvar cancer. In men, HPVs are associated with genital lesions, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancers. As such, this compilation focuses on recent findings in HPV epidemiology, prevention, and updates regarding prophylatic HPV vaccines. Bioinformatics tool are important in the analysis of molecular and biological data, which could provide novel insights on the development of treatment and prevention methods for disease control. Through bioinformatics, it is possible to analyze and simulate HPV molecular data through the use of universal databases and analysis tools, in order to better understand the virus genetics and infection cycle. In conclusion, Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs): Detection, Infection and Protection appraises HPV vaccines for the prophylaxis of HPV infection in healthy individuals. Vaccines used for earlier varieties are Gardasil (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.) and Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, U.K.).Table of ContentsPreface; An Update in the Detection, Prevention, and Transformation Potential of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs); Bioinformatics as an Auxiliary Tool for the Treatment and Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection; Prophylaxis of Cancers from Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs); Bibliography; Related Nova Publications; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains comprehensive and up-to-date reviews of multidrug resistance mechanisms. The book intends to provide a state-of-the-art collection of reviews and methods for both basic and clinician investigators who are interested in multidrug resistance mechanisms and reversal strategies. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students, and fellows in training. Each chapter begins with a summary of the concepts, so that those not actively working in the field can readily gain an overall picture of what follows. The book contains 13 chapters which deal with the antibiotic resistance mechanism in bacteria, fungus, virus and also methicillin resistance S.aureus. The book also explains the futuristic strategy to deal with the antibiotic resistance. We have endeavoured to provide this information in a style that is accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our clinics and across broader global communities.Table of ContentsPreface; History of Drug-Resistant Microbes; Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria; Infectious Pathogens, Pathogenesis, Antimicrobial Therapy, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Surveillance Measures; Fungal Resistance to Antibiotics; Antibiotic Resistance and Tolerance in Bacterial Biofilm; Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An Overview; Mechanism of Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Viral Drug Resistance; Strategies for Circumventing Antimicrobial Resistance; Metallic Nanoparticles in Tackling of Antimicrobial Resistance; Plant Antimicrobials: An Alternative for Overcoming Microbial Resistance; Algae: Novel Cell Factories for Antimicrobial Compounds to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance; Microbial Resistance: A Worldwide Public Health Problem; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides an overview of the current antibacterial techniques and main strategies being employed for controlling the colonisation of bacteria on surfaces, together with the design of antibacterial surfaces and their fabrication techniques. The authors discuss the characteristic mechanisms of five main aspects of antibacterial agents and the corresponding representative type of antibacterial agents. In addition, recent findings in (meth)acrylate hydrogels containing metal ions with antimicrobial properties are summarized. Antibiotics, commonly referred to as "wonder drugs", have been used for various therapeutic purposes for decades. As such, this compilation addresses a concomitant problem: the emergence of drug resistance. Antimicrobial adjuvants can aid in the prevention of antimicrobial resistance by suppressing the emergence of bacterial resistance and rejuvenating the antimicrobial activity of currently available commercial antibiotics cost-effectively.

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Book SynopsisIn Horizons in Cancer Research. Volume 76, the molecular drivers associated with prostate cancers at different stages which can be exploited as drug targets are discussed. This information will be useful for designing rational targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease. Following this, the authors discuss lung cancer early diagnosis with traditional and alternative approaches. In lung cancer, smoking exposure has been identified as the main causative agent in smokers. A critical appraisal of the different updated techniques in the mediastinal staging of lymph nodes in lung cancer is provided. The authors also provide an overview of colorectal cancer and Ca2+ signalling in cells, focusing their discussion on a specific component of the Ca2+ signalling machinery, the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 channel. Breast cancer, a serious public health problem, is assessed, maintaining that women need accurate and effective information in order to attain early diagnosis. Lastly, a simple technique to decreases cell-culture pH while maintaining sterile technique is described.Table of ContentsPreface; Insights into the Molecular Drivers of Prostate Cancer; Lung Cancer Early Diagnosis: The Soon-er, the Better; Smoking Exposure Accelerated the Normal Lung to Become Cancers; Lymph Nodes Mediastinal Staging in Lung Cancer: A Critical Appraisal; Calcium Signalling in Cancer: A Focus on Transi-ent Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4 (TRPV4) in Colorectal Cancer; Breast Cancer: Signs, Symptoms and Management; Increased CO2 Percentage as a Tool for Reducing Cell Cul-ture Medium pH; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph includes seven chapters that describe recent advances in medicine and biology. Chapter One discusses glutathione transferases (GSTs) from helminth parasites in the host-parasite interaction and candidates for vaccine development targeting parasitic GSTs. Chapter Two reviews the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of onion and its constituents in allergic and immunologic disorders. Chapter Three discusses state-of-the-art knowledge of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism to demonstrate its wide biological properties and its effects on how medical conditions can be managed. Chapter Four introduces the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of macrolides and the associated mechanisms in the human airway and lung cells. Chapter Five evaluates the role of several genes that are likely to be involved in diabetic neuropathy by employing transcriptome analysis. Chapter Six details diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of nephrotic syndrome, the frequent cause of chronic kidney diseases observed in children and adults. Finally, Chapter Seven describes the characteristics of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line and its significant role in the anticancer research paradigm.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph contains six chapters, each of which provides details about recent advancements in the field of medicine and biology. Chapter One describes the discovery of AZQ, a drug specifically designed to shut off genes that cause brain cancer. Chapter Two analyses the structure, stability, adaptation to extreme environments and the catalytic mechanism of α-helical membrane proteins. Chapter Three provides an up-to-date overview of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisted reproductive treatment (ART) clinics and explores how AI learns and develops a dataset to provide clinical guidance. Chapter Four consists of a study focused on the etiopathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma using laboratory mice. Chapter Five presents and comments on the current evidence regarding diagnostics in patients with metastatic breast cancer based on circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Lastly, Chapter Six reviews the pathogenetic and clinical features of inner ear involvement in congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), the most frequent non-genetic cause of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in childhood.Table of ContentsPreface; The Impact of Sequencing Human Genome on Genomic Medicine and the Discovery of AZQ (US Patent 4,146,622) Specifically Designed to Shut Off Genes that Cause Brain Cancer; CU(I)-Transport ATPases. Molecular Architecture, Catalysis and Adaptation to Extreme Environments; The AI Doctor Will See You Now: Are Doctors and Embryologists No Longer Indispensable in Assisted Reproductive Treatment (ART)?; Search for New Theories of Etiopathogenesis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: Features of Level of Intraocular Pressure and Number of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Conditions of Genetic Defect of Different Subtypes of A1-Adrenoreceptors; Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Ready for Clinical Practice?; Inner Ear Involvement in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection; Index.

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Book SynopsisHormone replacement therapy is now simply called hormone replacement because of research discoveries identifying possible severe risks associated with this treatment which was very favourably viewed earlier. Now the lowest effective dose and the shortest duration of treatment acceptable is advised. This new book presents state-of-the-art research from around the world in HR and its relation to endometrial cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer''s disease, schizophrenia, mood and anxiety disorders, Parkinson''s disease, Huntington''s disease and bone mass.

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Book SynopsisAmong the many applications of stem cell research are nervous system diseases, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases as well as Parkinson''s disease, end-stage kidney disease, liver failure, cancer, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson''s disease, and Alzheimer''s disease. Stem cells are self-renewing, unspecialized cells that can give rise to multiple types all of specialized cells of the body. Stem cell research also involves complex ethical and legal considerations since they involve adult, fetal tissue and embryonic sources. This new book brings together leading research from throughout the world in this frontier field.

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Book SynopsisCerebral palsy is an umbrella-like term used to describe a group of chronic disorders impairing control of movement that appear in the first few years of life and generally do not worsen over time. The disorders are caused by faulty development of or damage to motor areas in the brain that disrupts the brain''s ability to control movement and posture. Symptoms of cerebral palsy include difficulty with fine motor tasks, difficulty maintaining balance or walking, involuntary movements. The symptoms differ from person to person and may change over time. Some people with cerebral palsy are also affected by other medical disorders, including seizures or mental impairment, but cerebral palsy does not always cause profound handicap. Early signs of cerebral palsy usually appear before 3 years of age. Infants with cerebral palsy are frequently slow to reach developmental milestones such as learning to roll over, sit, crawl, smile, or walk. Cerebral palsy may be congenital or acquired after birth. There is no standard therapy that works for all patients. This new book gathers outstanding new research and insights from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisAngiogenesis -- the growth of new blood vessels -- is an important natural process occurring in the body, both for health and as related to disease. Angiogenesis occurs in the healthy body to help heal wounds and to help restore blood flow to tissues after injury or insult. In females, Angiogenesis also occurs during the monthly reproductive cycle (to rebuild the uterus lining, to mature the egg during ovulation) and during pregnancy (to build the placenta, the circulation between mother and foetus). The healthy body controls Angiogenesis through a series of ''on'' and ''off'' switches. The main ''on'' switches are known as Angiogenesis-stimulating growth factors. The main ''off'' switches are known as Angiogenesis inhibitors. When angiogenic growth factors are produced in excess of angiogenesis inhibitors the balance is tipped in favour of blood vessel growth. When inhibitors are present in excess of stimulators, angiogenesis is stopped. The normal, healthy body maintains a perfect balance of angiogenesis modulators. In general, angiogenesis is ''turned off'' by the production of more inhibitors than stimulators. Tumour angiogenesis is the proliferation of a network of blood vessels that penetrates into cancerous growths, supplying nutrients and oxygen and removing waste products. Tumour angiogenesis actually starts with cancerous tumour cells releasing molecules that send signals to surrounding normal host tissue. This signalling activates certain genes in the host tissue that, in turn, cause proteins to encourage growth of new blood vessels. This new book examines its angiogenesis within the context of theory and its applications to cancer treatment.

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Book SynopsisPrimary bone tumours are tumours that start in the bone. In contrast, secondary bone cancer is where the cancer started in another part of the body but has then spread to the bones. The most common types of primary bone tumor are osteosarcoma and Ewing''s sarcoma, both of which are most frequently diagnosed in children and young adults. Other less common types of bone cancer include: Chondrosarcoma (a cancer arising in cartilage cells, usually found in adults between ages 50-75, though the less common mesenchymal-chondrosarcoma is more frequent in younger patients), Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of bone (MFH), Chondoma (a rare low grade malignancy occurring mostly between ages 30 -70), and other rare tumours. This new book brings together leading research from throughout the world in this important area of research.

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Book SynopsisThe liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body''s most "intelligent" organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisThe consequences of ageing populations combined with the strain to the human eye caused by computers and widespread poor nutritional practices has resulted in an upsurge of research dealing with vision. This new book presents leading-edge research in this field.

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Book SynopsisAutism is a condition that hits the patient in places that can''t be hidden; in his/her behaviour. It is a condition worn for public scrutiny, blending personal aspects of the patient''s life with his/her social environment. It provides for guilt in patients and for Job-like ponderings in their parents. How do you measure the extent of damage to a patient''s life or that of the parent''s? Present day thinking portrays the problem of autism in the context of a triangle. In this triangle each interconnected vertex alternatively represents the autistic person, pathophysiological theories on causation, and symptoms. This book focuses on certain themes: those physical aspects which make an individual autistic. Although we are willing to entertain both psychological and biological explanations, this book will deal primarily with the biological. Even when these explanations overlap, ultimately, they perform different functions; one biased towards the need to know and the other towards the need to cure.

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Book SynopsisThis important book includes research derived from non-invasive brain imaging modalities used to explore the spatial and temporal organisation of the neural systems supporting human behaviour. Imaging modalities of interest include positron emission tomography, event-related potentials, electro-and magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and single-photon emission tomography. Coverage includes novel brain imaging methods, analyses for detecting or localising neural activity, synergistic uses of multiple imaging modalities, and strategies for the design of behavioural paradigms and neural-systems modelling.

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Book SynopsisThyroid cancer is cancer of the thyroid gland. These may be of many types including papillary, follicular, Hurthle cell (aka oxyphilic or oncocytic), or medullary cancers. Surgery plays an important role in treating these cancers. The thyroid concentrates iodine and so is extremely sensitive to the effects of various radioactive isotopes of iodine produced by nuclear fission. These radioactive isotopes increase the chances of developing cancer, though thyroid cancer can develop even without any exposure to radioactivity. Some evidence suggests that insufficient or excessive dietary iodine may also increase the risk for thyroid cancer. This book presents the latest research in this field.

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Book SynopsisDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a chemical found primarily in the nucleus of cells. DNA is a long, spiralling molecule that orchestrates the cell''s daily operations and provides the genetic blueprint for the physical characteristics of all living organisms. It is the molecule that encodes genetic information in the nucleus of cells. It determines the structure, function and behaviour of the cell. DNA is made up of two complementary strands, the strands intertwine like a spiral staircase to form a structure called a double helix. Subunits, called bases, are the rungs of the staircase. The four nucleotides in DNA contain the bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). This new book presents leading-edge research in this dynamic field.

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Book SynopsisImmunology is the study of the body''s protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and the responses to them. These invaders include viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites. In addition, immune responses are developed against our own proteins (and other molecules) in auto-immunity and against our own aberrant cells in tumour immunity. The first line of defence against foreign organisms are barrier tissues such as the skin that stop the entry of organism into our bodies. A second line of defence is the specific or adaptive immune system which may take days to respond to a primary invasion (that is infection by an organism that has not hitherto been seen). This book brings together new research from around the globe dealing with this extremely important subject.

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