Medical research Books
The University of Chicago Press Collecting Experiments
Book SynopsisTrade Review"You might think that museums are for collecting and laboratories for experimenting. Bruno J. Strasser tracks the creation of a hybrid culture--a 'way of knowing' that was comparative and experimental at the same time. Molecular biologists used the protein sequences of very various species to crack the genetic code. From bacteria to blood and protein to DNA, this engaging book restores collecting to the experimentalist tradition and gives 'big data' biology the history it needs."--Nick Hopwood, author of Haeckel's Embryos: Images, Evolution, and Fraud "Amidst all the hype surrounding Big Data and the life sciences, Bruno J. Strasser uncovers the deep continuities of collecting and comparing that link the latest data banks to venerable natural history museums. This bold book rethinks the relationship between field, laboratory, and archive, with important implications for the ethos of open publication in science."--Lorraine Daston, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science "The long-contested line between experimental life sciences and those that collect, compare, and classify is once more unsettled. It is now accepted that comparative sciences are open to experiment and always have been. And Bruno J. Strasser now argues that the celebrated achievements of experimental biology have similarly depended on practices of collecting and curating. And not just in our own new world of digital databases, but historically: from when experimenters first thought to make collecting forever obsolete. Strasser supports his bold revision with case studies of a broad range of sciences, from taxonomy to serology, experimental and then molecular biology, and bio-informatics. In its historical depth and breadth this is a benchmark book; and for all who want to know how life sciences really work, it's a must read."--Robert E. Kohler, University of Pennsylvania "A masterful, groundbreaking work: Strasser explores collecting activities in multiple branches of biology and medicine across several centuries, covering the territory from natural historical specimens to blood and proteins, and on to DNA sequences and contemporary big-data biology. His book assesses issues of lasting salience, including control of the collections, access to specimens and data, modes of publication, and assignment of authorship and credit. Strasser contends that big-data biology is not a sharp departure from the past but a hybrid, a joining of the experimentalist-reductionist inquiries into model organisms with the practices of collectors who classified and characterized their specimens and compared them with others. Strasser's research is wide and deep, his prose lucidly informative, and his analysis subtle, discerning, and persuasive." --Daniel J. Kevles, Yale University "Collecting Experiments is an exciting and welcome addition to the historiography of the long-standing debates about the changing roles of experimentation and description in the life sciences. Rejecting the older notion of an impassable dichotomy, Bruno J. Strasser suggests that the rise of experimental approaches to biology in the nineteenth century did not eclipse the more descriptive work of natural history, but rather became a part of an overall 'way of knowing' that included both approaches. 'Big data, ' whether obtained by experimental or observational methods had to be analyzed in the same manner. Strasser has done a great service to clarify the historical relationship between these two methodologies. It is a must for all scholars in the history of biology."--Garland Allen, Washington University in Saint Louis
£37.05
The University of Chicago Press Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine
Book SynopsisKenneth F. Schaffner compares the practice of biological and medical research and shows how traditional topics in philosophy of sciencesuch as the nature of theories and of explanationcan illuminate the life sciences. While Schaffner pays some attention to the conceptual questions of evolutionary biology, his chief focus is on the examples that immunology, human genetics, neuroscience, and internal medicine provide for examinations of the way scientists develop, examine, test, and apply theories. Although traditional philosophy of science has regarded scientific discoverythe questions of creativity in scienceas a subject for psychological rather than philosophical study, Schaffner argues that recent work in cognitive science and artificial intelligence enables researchers to rationally analyze the nature of discovery. As a philosopher of science who holds an M.D., he has examined biomedical work from the inside and uses detailed examples from the entire range of the life sciences to support the semantic approach to scientific theories, addressing whether there are laws in the life sciences as there are in the physical sciences. Schaffner's novel use of philosophical tools to deal with scientific research in all of its complexity provides a distinctive angle on basic questions of scientific evaluation and explanation.
£47.50
The University of Chicago Press Behind Closed Doors
Book SynopsisAlthough the subject of federally mandated Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) has been extensively debated, we actually do not know much about what takes place when they convene. This book melds observations of IRB meetings with the history of how rules for the treatment of human subjects were formalized in the United States.Trade Review"Behind Closed Doors is a novel and important addition to the literature on the governance of experimentation on human subjects. It will appeal to academic scholars in the history of science and medicine, sociology, bioethics, and postwar American history." (Gerald Kutcher, author of Contested Medicine: Cancer Research and the Military)"
£86.45
The University of Chicago Press Behind Closed Doors
Book SynopsisAlthough the subject of federally mandated Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) has been extensively debated, we actually do not know much about what takes place when they convene. This book melds observations of IRB meetings with the history of how rules for the treatment of human subjects were formalized in the United States.Trade Review"Behind Closed Doors is a novel and important addition to the literature on the governance of experimentation on human subjects. It will appeal to academic scholars in the history of science and medicine, sociology, bioethics, and postwar American history." (Gerald Kutcher, author of Contested Medicine: Cancer Research and the Military)"
£28.50
The University of Chicago Press Osiris Volume 37
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTranslating Medicine, ca. 800–1900: Articulations and Disarticulations Tara Alberts, Sietske Fransen, and Elaine LeongTranslation and the Making of a Medical Archive: The Case of the Islamic Translation Movement Ahmed RagabUnveiling Nature: Liu Zhi’s Translation of Arabo-Persian Physiology in Early Modern China Dror WeilNew World Drugs and the Archive of Practice: Translating Nicolás Monardes in Early Modern Europe Alisha RankinWhen the Tallamys Met John French: Translating, Printing, and Reading The Art of Distillation Elaine LeongVernacular Languages and Invisible Labor in Ṭibb Shireen HamzaWhere There’s Smoke, There’s Fire: Pyric Technologies and African Pipes in the Early Modern World Benjamin BreenTranslating the Inner Landscape: Anatomical Bricolage in Early Modern Japan Daniel TrambaioloCasting Blood Circulations: Translatability and Braiding Sciences in Colonial Bengal Projit Bihari MukharjiFemale Authority in Translation: Medieval Catalan Texts on Women’s Health Montserrat Cabré[Un]Muffled Histories: Translating Bodily Practices in the Early Modern Caribbean Pablo F. GómezTranslating Surgery and Alchemy between Seventeenth-Century Europe and Siam Tara Alberts“Use Me as Your Test!”: Patients, Practitioners, and the Commensurability of Virtue Hansun HsiungNotes on Contributors Index
£26.60
Columbia University Press Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest
Book SynopsisThis book opens readers' eyes to the enormous resources of the Earth's rain forests and the potential impact of their destruction in terms of human health.
£100.00
Columbia University Press Race in a Bottle
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewJonathan Kahn's approach offers an airtight analysis of the commoditization of race in pharmaceutical development, and Race in a Bottle should be of interest and deep concern to numerous audiences. -- Ruha Benjamin, Boston University Jonathan Kahn has produced a major and unique contribution, giving readers a 'big picture' understanding of this vital issue by integrating empirically grounded analysis of real controversies into a detailed conceptual roadmap. This is a substantial piece of scholarship and will be of interest to anyone concerned with the escalating, even geometrically expanding use of the concept of race in science and medicine. -- Troy Duster, University of California, Berkeley Jonathan Kahn is the undisputed Hercules Poirot of biomedicine. His unraveling of the nonsense, non-science, and complicated illogic that allowed the vasodilator BiDil to be approved by the FDA exclusively for 'black' patients is as compelling a read as any good mystery. This riveting book details what happens to scientific method when profit motive drives the marketing of a drug to the extent that its curative properties are touted as race-specific-even when they're not. Genetic variation in humans has no correlation to the shifting historical meanings of race, yet pharmaceutical companies continue to force the square peg of social category into the round hole of scientific fact. Race in a Bottle is a brilliant deconstruction of the kinds of thought processes that make for bad policy, bad medicine, and ultimately endanger our health as a species. -- Patricia Williams, Columbia Law School Jonathan Kahn brilliantly exposes the stunning truth behind new race-based medicines: they are driven by market incentives, not scientific evidence. Based on meticulous research and astute analysis, Kahn constructs a gripping, devastating portrait of profit motivating the use of race in genetic research and pharmaceuticals. Race in a Bottle is absolutely essential for understanding why the myth of biological race has reemerged in genomic science and biotechnology and how it is distorting research, damaging pubic health, and undermining justice in our supposedly post-racial society. -- Dorothy Roberts, author of Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century Kahn expertly weaves together the legal and ethical ramifications of continuing to pursue racialized drugs... No background in health sciences or genetics is necessary to understand this work. Library Journal [Race in a Bottle] tackle[s] one of the most important concerns pertaining to race facing our society today... Must-read material. New Scientist An extraordinary book... I highly recommend it. -- Osagie Obasogie BioPolitical Times Mr. Kahn deserves credit for teasing out all the daunting complexities behind these events, including the details of genetic analysis, the perils of racial determinations, and the minutiae of patent law. -- Abigail Zuger, M.D. New York Times Kahn's book should be required reading. At a time when the ties between scientific researchers and the pharmaceutical industry are becoming ever more entangled, Race in a Bottle provides valuable insights into the consequences of these connections for health and health care - and, importantly, for what passes as knowledge. -- Lundy Braun GeneWatch A powerful saga packed with engrossing twists and turns of plot and filled with food for thought and debate on the politics and health implications of racial perception. Midwest Book Review Finely crafted and written. -- Alejandra Suarez PsycCritiques [Kahn] seems as much at home discussing epidemiology and drug marketing as he does the history of US race relations and the intricacies of patenting... Magnificent. -- Dr. Martyn Pickersgill The Biologist A compelling account of a fascinating case. -- Anne Pollock Bulletin of the History of Medicine Race in a Bottle is lucid and energetic, with fascinating and little-known evidence about clinical trials, the federal regulatory and patent systems, and the history of racial classification... Kahn offers a heartfelt and persuasive case against allowing race to be reduced to biology. -- Jennifer L. Hochschild Journal of American History [Kahn] skillfully uses the story of the drug BiDil... as the backdrop for examining the expanding role of race in medical genomics, even when the same science has called the existence of race into serious doubt. -- Aravinda Chakravarti Nature Medicine Highly recommended. Choice [Jonathan Kahn's] rich portrayal of the changing meaning and uses of race in the wake of genomics makes this book a 'must read' and 'must assign' for all sociologists of race and ethnicity. Sociology of Race and EthnicityTable of ContentsAcknowledgments INTRODUCTION: Race and Medicine: Framing [Is] the Problem 1. ORGANIZING RACE: Paths Toward the Re-Biologization of Race in Modern Biomedical Research, Practice, and Product Development 2. THE BIRTH OF BIDIL: How a Drug Becomes "Ethnic" 3. STATISTICAL MISCHIEF AND RACIAL FRAMES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING 4. CAPITALIZING [ON] RACE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 5. RACE-ING PATENTS/PATENTING RACE: An Emerging Political Geography of Intellectual Property in Biotechnology 6. NOT FADE AWAY: The Persistence of Race and the Politics of the "Meantime" in Pharmacogenomics 7. FROM DISPARITY TO DIFFERENCE: The Politics of Racial Medicine CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Notes Index
£67.20
Columbia University Press Race in a Bottle
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewJonathan Kahn's approach offers an airtight analysis of the commoditization of race in pharmaceutical development, and Race in a Bottle should be of interest and deep concern to numerous audiences. -- Ruha Benjamin, Boston University Jonathan Kahn has produced a major and unique contribution, giving readers a 'big picture' understanding of this vital issue by integrating empirically grounded analysis of real controversies into a detailed conceptual roadmap. This is a substantial piece of scholarship and will be of interest to anyone concerned with the escalating, even geometrically expanding use of the concept of race in science and medicine. -- Troy Duster, University of California, Berkeley Jonathan Kahn is the undisputed Hercules Poirot of biomedicine. His unraveling of the nonsense, non-science, and complicated illogic that allowed the vasodilator BiDil to be approved by the FDA exclusively for 'black' patients is as compelling a read as any good mystery. This riveting book details what happens to scientific method when profit motive drives the marketing of a drug to the extent that its curative properties are touted as race-specific-even when they're not. Genetic variation in humans has no correlation to the shifting historical meanings of race, yet pharmaceutical companies continue to force the square peg of social category into the round hole of scientific fact. Race in a Bottle is a brilliant deconstruction of the kinds of thought processes that make for bad policy, bad medicine, and ultimately endanger our health as a species. -- Patricia Williams, Columbia Law School Jonathan Kahn brilliantly exposes the stunning truth behind new race-based medicines: they are driven by market incentives, not scientific evidence. Based on meticulous research and astute analysis, Kahn constructs a gripping, devastating portrait of profit motivating the use of race in genetic research and pharmaceuticals. Race in a Bottle is absolutely essential for understanding why the myth of biological race has reemerged in genomic science and biotechnology and how it is distorting research, damaging pubic health, and undermining justice in our supposedly post-racial society. -- Dorothy Roberts, author of Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century Kahn expertly weaves together the legal and ethical ramifications of continuing to pursue racialized drugs... No background in health sciences or genetics is necessary to understand this work. Library Journal [Race in a Bottle] tackle[s] one of the most important concerns pertaining to race facing our society today... Must-read material. New Scientist An extraordinary book... I highly recommend it. -- Osagie Obasogie BioPolitical Times Mr. Kahn deserves credit for teasing out all the daunting complexities behind these events, including the details of genetic analysis, the perils of racial determinations, and the minutiae of patent law. -- Abigail Zuger, M.D. New York Times Kahn's book should be required reading. At a time when the ties between scientific researchers and the pharmaceutical industry are becoming ever more entangled, Race in a Bottle provides valuable insights into the consequences of these connections for health and health care - and, importantly, for what passes as knowledge. -- Lundy Braun GeneWatch A powerful saga packed with engrossing twists and turns of plot and filled with food for thought and debate on the politics and health implications of racial perception. Midwest Book Review Finely crafted and written. -- Alejandra Suarez PsycCritiques [Kahn] seems as much at home discussing epidemiology and drug marketing as he does the history of US race relations and the intricacies of patenting... Magnificent. -- Dr. Martyn Pickersgill The Biologist A compelling account of a fascinating case. -- Anne Pollock Bulletin of the History of Medicine Race in a Bottle is lucid and energetic, with fascinating and little-known evidence about clinical trials, the federal regulatory and patent systems, and the history of racial classification... Kahn offers a heartfelt and persuasive case against allowing race to be reduced to biology. -- Jennifer L. Hochschild Journal of American History [Kahn] skillfully uses the story of the drug BiDil... as the backdrop for examining the expanding role of race in medical genomics, even when the same science has called the existence of race into serious doubt. -- Aravinda Chakravarti Nature Medicine Highly recommended. Choice [Jonathan Kahn's] rich portrayal of the changing meaning and uses of race in the wake of genomics makes this book a 'must read' and 'must assign' for all sociologists of race and ethnicity. Sociology of Race and EthnicityTable of ContentsAcknowledgments INTRODUCTION: Race and Medicine: Framing [Is] the Problem 1. ORGANIZING RACE: Paths Toward the Re-Biologization of Race in Modern Biomedical Research, Practice, and Product Development 2. THE BIRTH OF BIDIL: How a Drug Becomes "Ethnic" 3. STATISTICAL MISCHIEF AND RACIAL FRAMES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING 4. CAPITALIZING [ON] RACE IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 5. RACE-ING PATENTS/PATENTING RACE: An Emerging Political Geography of Intellectual Property in Biotechnology 6. NOT FADE AWAY: The Persistence of Race and the Politics of the "Meantime" in Pharmacogenomics 7. FROM DISPARITY TO DIFFERENCE: The Politics of Racial Medicine CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Notes Index
£23.80
Yale University Press Tamoxifen and Breast Cancer
Book SynopsisA discussion of the diagnosis of breast cancer and the risks, benefits and limitations of treatment alternatives, particularly tamoxifen. This edition contains information on developments in the use of tamoxifen, especially in the results of the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial.
£21.67
National Academies Press Aligning Investments in Therapeutic Development with Therapeutic Need
£26.37
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Conceptual Framework 1. The definition of precision medicine in neurodegenerative disorders and the one disease-many-diseases tension 2. Models of precision medicine for neurodegeneration 3. Pathology vs pathogenesis: Rationale and pitfalls in the clinicopathology model of neurodegeneration 4. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology? 5. Neurodegenerative disorders: From clinicopathology convergence to systems biology divergence 6. The emergence of genotypic divergence and future precision medicine applications 7. Lessons from other fields of medicine, Part 1: Breast cancer 8. Lessons from other fields of medicine, Part 2: Cystic fibrosis 9. Lessons learned from evolving frameworks in adult glioblastoma Part 2 Pitfalls in Definitions, Cohorts, and Measures of Progression 10. Finding the falsification threshold of the toxic proteinopathy hypothesis in neurodegeneration 11. The theoretical problems of “prodrome and “phenoconversion in neurodegeneration 12. The dilemma between milestones of progression vs. clinical scales in Parkinson disease 13. Biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, pathogenesis, response to therapy: Convergence or divergence? Lessons from Alzheimer Disease and synucleinopathies 14. Challenges in the study of individuals at risk for Parkinson disease 15. The challenging quest of neuroimaging: From clinical to molecular-based subtyping of Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonisms
£182.75
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 3 Basic Science Development 1. Role of rodent models in advancing precision medicine for Parkinson disease 2. The allure and pitfalls of the prion-like aggregation in neurodegeneration 3. The shift to a proteinopenia paradigm in neurodegeneration 4. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Lysosomal dysfunction in the endolysosomal Parkinson disease subtype 5. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction 6. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease 7. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Inflammation in Parkinson disease and related disorders 8. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Microbiome 9. LRRK2: Genetic mechanisms vs genetic subtypes 10. Genetic mechanism vs genetic subtypes: The example of GBA 11. Subtyping monogenic disorders: Huntington disease Part 4 Clinical Trials and Therapeutic Approaches 12. Disease-modifying vs symptomatic treatments: splitting over lumping 13. Restorative cell and gene therapies for Parkinson disease 14. The promise and challenges of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases 15. Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders 16. Lessons from antiamyloid-ß immunotherapies in Alzheimer disease 17. Lessons from immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis 18. Adaptive clinical trials and master protocols 19. Role of novel endpoints and evaluations of response in Parkinson Disease 20. Leveraging the regulatory framework to facilitate drug development in Parkinson disease
£182.75
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for
Book Synopsis
£182.75
Elsevier Science Circadian Rhythms Sleep and Sleep Disorders
Book Synopsis
£182.75
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division Respiratory Neurobiology
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I. Assessment of the respiratory system in neurological disorders 1. Pulmonary function testing in neuromuscular disease 2. Electrophysiological assessment of respiratory function Section II. Primary breathing disorders 3. Apnea of prematurity and sudden infant death syndrome 4. Developmental diseases affecting the respiratory system: CCHS and ROHHAD 5. Central sleep apnea 6. Obstructive sleep apnea Section III. Neurological disorders affecting respiration 7. Breathing disturbances in Rett syndrome 8. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: Respiratory mechanisms 9. Multiple Sclerosis and related disorders 10. Stroke and breathing 11. Breathing disorders in neurodegenerative diseases 12. Spinal cord injury and degenerative cervical myelopathy 13. Motor neuron, peripheral nerve, and neuromuscular junction disorders 14. Phrenic nerve paralysis and phrenic nerve reconstruction surgery Section IV. Cardiovascular disorders affecting respiration 15. Sleep and breathing disorders in heart failure 16. Neurological effects of respiratory dysfunction 17. Neurologic complications of coronavirus and other respiratory viral infections Section V. Treatment considerations for respiratory dysfunction in neurological disorders 18. Noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation for neurologic disorders
£182.75
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division Respiratory Neurobiology
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Respiratory rhythm and pattern generation: Brainstem cellular and circuit mechanisms 2. Central respiratory chemoreception 3. Neurobiology of the carotid body 4. Adaptive cardiorespiratory changes to chronic continuous and intermittent hypoxia 5. Early development of the breathing network 6. Critical roles for breathing in the genesis and modulation of emotional states 7. Breathing during sleep 8. The physiology and pathophysiology of exercise hyperpnea 9. Regulation of breathing by cardiopulmonary afferents 10. Respiratory-cardiovascular interactions 11. Dyspnea 12. The pathophysiology of opioid-induced respiratory depression 13. The sigh and related behaviors 14. Neural control of the lower airways: Role in cough and airway inflammatory disease 15. The phrenic neuromuscular system 16. Respiratory neuroplasticity: Mechanisms and translational implications of phrenic motor plasticity
£206.25
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division Motor System Disorders Part II
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Segmental Spinal Cord Syndromes 2. Spinal Muscular Atrophy 3. Syringomyelia and Chiari malformations 4. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia 5. Primary lateral Sclerosis 6. Transverse Myelitis in Children and Adults 7. Progressive Spinal MS 8. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis 9. Cerebellar Ataxias 10. Bowel, Bladder and Sexual Disorders 11. Motor System Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 12. The Synucleinopathies 13. The Tauopathies 14. Genetic and Sporadic ALS 15. Paraneoplastic Motor Disorders 16. Non-Neoplastic Neuronal Autoantibody Encephalitides 17. Pediatric Post-Infectious Encephalopathies 18. Motor Sequela of Dementia 19. Motor Seizure Semiology 20. Motor Sequela of Stroke 21. Adult and Childhood Hydrocephalus 22. Cortical and Subcortical Visual Motor System Disorders 23. Essential Tremor 24. Primary and Secondary Dystonia 25. Frontal and Prefrontal Lobe Motor Syndromes 26. Parietal Lobe Motor Syndromes 27. Applied Strategies of Neuroplasticity 28. Treatment of Spasticity 29. Human-Robotics: Brain Computer Interface 30. Neural Tissue Transplantation 31. Botulinum Toxin for Motor Disorders 32. Tau Based Passive Immunotherapy
£208.25
HarperCollins Sicker Fatter Poorer
Book Synopsis
£14.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd RealWorld Evidence in Drug Development and
Book SynopsisReal-world evidence (RWE) has been at the forefront of pharmaceutical innovations. It plays an important role in transforming drug development from a process aimed at meeting regulatory expectations to an operating model that leverages data from disparate sources to aid business, regulatory, and healthcare decision making. Despite its many benefits, there is no single book systematically covering the latest development in the field.Written specifically for pharmaceutical practitioners, Real-World Evidence in Drug Development and Evaluation, presents a wide range of RWE applications throughout the lifecycle of drug product development. With contributions from experienced researchers in the pharmaceutical industry, the book discusses at length RWE opportunities, challenges, and solutions.Features Provides the first book and a single source of information on RWE in drug development Covers a broad array of topics on outTable of Contents1 Using Real-world Evidence to Transform Drug Development: Opportunities and Challenges. 2. Evidence derived from real world data: utility, constraints and cautions. 3. Real-World Evidence from Population-Based Cancer Registry Data. 4. External Control using RWE and Historical Data in Clinical Development. 5. Bayesian method for assessing drug safety using real-world evidence. 6. Real-World Evidence for Coverage and Payment Decisions. 7. Causal Inference for Observational Studies/Real-World Data. 8. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with a Case Study in Analyzing Electronic Health Records for Drug Development.
£114.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Current Topics in Nonclinical Drug Development
Book SynopsisThe second volume in the CURRENT TOPICS IN NONCLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT SERIES explores the critical issues and current topics in nonclinical drug development. This second volume covers individual topics and strategies in drug development from compound characterization to drug registration. Written by a variety of experts in the field, recent and rapid advances in technologies and associated changes in regulatory guidance are discussed.Select topics include: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the impact on toxicologic pathology. Current approaches to carcinogenicity testing. Predicting drug-drug interactions. Current understanding of idiosyncratic drug reaction. Assessing cardiovascular risks beyond QT interval. Use of 3D cell cultures in toxicology and ADME. Development of small molecule-antibody complexes. Differentiating adverse from non-adverse findings in nonclinical studiesTable of Contents1. Introduction and History of Digital Toxicologic Pathology 2. Carcinogenicity Testing of Human Pharmaceuticals 3. Differentiating Adverse and Non-adverse Findings in Nonclinical Studies 4. Current Understanding of Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions 5. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models in Toxicology and ADME 6. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk Beyond the hERG Channel and the QT Interval 7. Fundamentals of Drug-Drug Interactions 8. Development of Small Molecule-Antibody Complexes
£166.25
Taylor & Francis Ltd Handbook of MetaAnalysis
Book SynopsisMeta-analysis is the application of statistics to combine results from multiple studies and draw appropriate inferences. Its use and importance have exploded over the last 25 years as the need for a robust evidence base has become clear in many scientific areas, including medicine and health, social sciences, education, psychology, ecology, and economics.Recent years have seen an explosion of methods for handling complexities in meta-analysis, including explained and unexplained heterogeneity between studies, publication bias, and sparse data. At the same time, meta-analysis has been extended beyond simple two-group comparisons of continuous and binary outcomes to comparing and ranking the outcomes from multiple groups, to complex observational studies, to assessing heterogeneity of effects, and to survival and multivariate outcomes. Many of these methods are statistically complex and are tailored to specific types of data.Key featuresRigorous coverage of tTrade Review"Handbook of Meta-Analysis is a most laudable and detailed treatise on meta-analysis. It successfully covers – with gusto and substance – the full range of statistical methodology used in meta-analysis in a statistically rigorous and up-to-date manner, exuding a good balance of theory and applications (with real data and software syntax provided). It provides a comprehensive, coherent, and unified overview of the statistical foundations behind meta-analysis. Crafted by experts on the topic, each chapter is written with lucidity and surgical precision. It is elegantly organized, encyclopedic in breadth and depth, and fluent in exposition on the multidimensional role of meta-analysis: core material (background, systematic review process, data extraction, study-level results, frequent and Bayesian approaches); key extensions (meta-regression, individual data, multivariate meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, model checking, bias); and advances in particular fields of biomedical and social research (control risk regression, survival data, correlation matrices, genetic data, dose-response relationships, diagnostic tests, surrogate endpoints, complex observational data, prognostic models). It is a tour de force, a premier, and an indispensable reference that is highly recommended – and a must for serious researchers and practitioners engaged in meta-analysis. This state-of-the-science handbook is destined to be a classic."- Joseph C. Cappelleri, PhD, MPH, MS, Executive Director of Biostatistics, Pfizer Inc "For many researchers in social, medical, life and environmental sciences, it has become an essential part of their activities to synthesize evidence from the body of relevant research. The Handbook of Meta-analysis provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the quantitative part of evidence synthesis, i.e., meta-analysis. Therefore, this handbook is a must-have for all researchers who wish to unlock and understand the power and potential of meta-analysis, but also for those who have already found and benefited from it. The authors of this edited volume are an interdisciplinary all-star team of statisticians and methodologists; probably, each of them could have written a textbook on meta-analysis. Here, they introduce both basics and advanced techniques that they have been leading to develop over their career. For many statisticians, a meta-analysis may be just one type of linear models (Chapters 1-11), yet, as this book demonstrates, meta-analyses can come in diverse forms and serve different purposes (see Chapters 14-22). Further, there are specific statistical issues meta-analysis needs to grapple with, such as publication bias (Chapters 12-13). The book ends with a chapter on how to use meta-analysis to plan our future work (Chapter 23) – what all scientists should be doing to reduce research waste and to accelerate scientific progress."- Shinichi Nakagawa, Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Synthesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia "This is an important book on an important subject, covering both theory and application, and it should be valuable to a wide range of readers in statistics and applied fields."- Andrew Gelman, Columbia University "...The Handbook of Meta-Analyses is a “must have” resource for: 1) statisticians, other professionals, and students conducting statistical research in meta-analysis; 2) practitioners conducting meta-analyses as part of systematic reviews or otherwise; and 3) educators and students who want to either start, or continue, to learn more about meta-analysis. The breadth and depth of up-to-date coverage of meta-analysis methods, wide range of areas of application, and examples, including online software code and data, is impressive. The contents are weighted towards frequentist strategies, but Bayesian strategies are highlighted in the core materials and revisited elsewhere. The Handbook is a pleasure to read. The editors and other co-authors guide the reader in a cohesive, unified fashion, from the foundational core material through increasingly sophisticated and wider ranging methods and applications. Their tone is conversational, with forwards-and-backwards sign-posting which integrates the contents in a tutorial-like fashion. Statistical notation is used with purpose, without excess, while maintaining statistical rigor in content. An abundance of graphs, figures, and tables reinforce the statistical concepts and methods, and visualize the examples. Both novice and more experienced readers will benefit...The Handbook of Meta-Analysis is a significant contribution which provides a palpable opportunity to improve future decision-making and policy setting."- Thomas Bradstreet, Appeared in the Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics "The handbook is intended for a relatively wide audience of statisticians, to be used as a textbook in a graduate course, as a reference book, a handbook or an introduction. The first part easily accomplishes these aims. There is a fair number of formulas, but they are well-explained and thus the text should be accessible for any statistician or quantitative researcher." -Anikó Lovik, International Society for Clinical Biostatistics, 72, 2021 Table of Contents1. Introduction to systematic review and meta-analysis2. General themes in meta-analysis3. Choice of effect measure and issues in extracting outcome data4. Analysis of univariate study-level summary data using normal models5. Exact likelihood methods for group-based summaries6. Bayesian methods for meta-analysis7. Meta-regression 8. Individual participant data meta-analysis9. Multivariate meta-analysis10. Network meta-analysis11. Model Checking in meta-analysis12. Handling internal and external biases: quality and relevance of studies13. Publication and outcome reporting bias14. Control risk regression15. Multivariate meta-analysis of survival proportions16. Meta-analysis of correlations, correlation matrices and their functions17. The meta-analysis of genetic studies18. Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships19. Meta-analysis of diagnostic tests20. Meta-analytic approach to evaluation of surrogate endpoints21. Meta-analysis of epidemiological data, with a focus on individual participant data22. Meta-analysis of prediction models23. Using meta-analysis to plan further research
£58.89
Taylor & Francis Ltd Transforming Healthcare with Qualitative Research
Book SynopsisDrawing on the knowledge and experiences of world-renowned scientists and healthcare professionals, this important book brings together academic, medical and health systems accounts of the impact of applying qualitative research methods to transform healthcare behaviours, systems and services. It demonstrates the translation of tried-and-tested and new interventions into high-quality care delivery, improved patient pathways, and enhanced systems management. It melds social theory, health systems analysis and research methods to address real-life healthcare issues in a rich and realistic fashion. The systems and services examined include those affecting patient care and patient and professional wellbeing, and the roles and responsibilities of people providing and receiving care. Some chapters delve deeply into the human psyche, examining the very private face of health and illness. Others concentrate on public health and how people's needs can be met through healthTable of ContentsPart 1 Ideas 1.Introduction:Why this book 2.Qualitative Evidence Synthesis and Conceptual Development 3.The Life-Project of personal Wellbeing: Modern Healthcare and the Individuality of Health 4.Socio-Narratology and the Clinical Encounter Between human Beings 5.Interrupted Body Projects and the Narrative Reconstruction of Self 6.The Fourth Research Paradigm: Activating Researchers for Real World Need Part 2 Systems 7.Slack Resources in Healthcare Systems: Waste or Reslilance? 8.Using Qualitative Methods to Understand Resiliance in Complex Systems 10.Narrativising Cancer Patients' Longitudinal Experiences of Care: Qualitative Inquiry into Lived and Online Melanoma Stories 11.Look the Other Way: Patient-Centred Care Begisn with Care for Our Physicians 12.Resilient Healthcare in Refractory Epilepsy: Illuminating Successful People-Centred Care Part 3 Solutions 13.Sensemaking as a Strategy for Managing Uncertainty: Change and Surprise in Hospital Settings 14.Simulation to Solve Health System Problems 15.Cross-Boundary Teaming to Establish Resiliance Among Isolated 'Silos' 16."What on Earth is Going on and What Should I Do Now?" Sensemaking as a Qualitative Process 17.Deep Inside the Genomics Revoltion: On The Frontlines of Care 18.Much More Than Old Wine in New Bottles: Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for healthcare improvement 19.Conclusion: On progress, directions and signposts to a transformed healthcare system
£37.04
CRC Press Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research
Book SynopsisPraise for the Second Edition:â this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study. -BiometricsThis impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered â â Journal of the Royal Statistical SocietySample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, thisTrade ReviewPraise for the Second Edition:"… this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study." -Biometrics"This impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered …" – Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"The book is nicely set out with an introduction to the basic idea of each topic, followed by various formulae that lead to power calculations . . . In all, I consider this book to be well written, and it touches on quite a number of more recent topics in sample size determination. Consequently, it will be a useful addition to clinical statisticians as a point of reference to solve more complex issues in power calculations during the design of a clinical trial." – Steve Su, International Society for Clinical BiostatisticsSample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, this book includes a well-balanced summary of current and emerging clinical issues, regulatory requirements, and recently developed statistical methodologies for sample size calculation.Features: Compares the relative merits and disadvantages of statistical methods for sample size calculations Explains how the formulae and procedures for sample size calculations can be used in a variety of clinical research and development stages Presents real-world examples from several therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular medicine, the central nervous system, anti-infective medicine, oncology, and women’s health Provides sample size calculations for dose response studies, microarray studies, and Bayesian approaches This new edition is updated throughout, includes many new sections, and five new chapters on emerging topics: two stage seamless adaptive designs, cluster randomized trial design, zero-inflated Poisson distribution, clinical trials with extremely low incidence rates, and clinical trial simulation.Praise for the Second Edition:"… this is a useful, comprehensive compendium of almost every possible sample size formula. The strong organization and carefully defined formulae will aid any researcher designing a study." -Biometrics"This impressive book contains formulae for computing sample size in a wide range of settings. One-sample studies and two-sample comparisons for quantitative, binary, and time-to-event outcomes are covered comprehensively, with separate sample size formulae for testing equality, non-inferiority, and equivalence. Many less familiar topics are also covered …" – Journal of the Royal Statistical Society"The book is nicely set out with an introduction to the basic idea of each topic, followed by various formulae that lead to power calculations . . . In all, I consider this book to be well written, and it touches on quite a number of more recent topics in sample size determination. Consequently, it will be a useful addition to clinical statisticians as a point of reference to solve more complex issues in power calculations during the design of a clinical trial." – Steve Su, International Society for Clinical BiostatisticsSample Size Calculations in Clinical Research, Third Edition presents statistical procedures for performing sample size calculations during various phases of clinical research and development. A comprehensive and unified presentation of statistical concepts and practical applications, this book includes a well-balanced summary of current and emerging clinical issues, regulatory requirements, and recently developed statistical methodologies for sample size calculation.Features: Compares the relative merits and disadvantages of statistical methods for sample size calculations Explains how the formulae and procedures for sample size calculations can be used in a variety of clinical research and development stages Presents real-world examples from several therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular medicine, the central nervous system, anti-infective medicine, oncology, and women’s health Provides sample size calculations for dose response studies, microarray studies, and Bayesian approaches This new edition is updated throughout, includes many new sections, and five new chapters on emerging topics: two stage seamless adaptive designs, cluster randomized trial design, zero-inflated Poisson distribution, clinical trials with extremely low incidence rates, and clinical trial simulation.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Considerations Prior to Sample Size Calculation. Comparing Means. Large Sample Tests for Proportions. Exact Tests for Proportions. Tests for Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables. Comparing Time-to-Event Data. Group Sequential Methods. Comparing Variabilities. Bioequivalence Testing. Dose Resonse Studies. Microarray Studies. Bayesian Sample Size Calculation. Nonparametrics. Cluster Randomized Design. Sample Size Calculation for Two-Stage Adaptive Design. Sample Size for Clinical Trials with Extremely Low Incidence Rates. Clinical Trial Simulation for Sample Size Estimation. Sample Size Calculation in Other Areas.
£39.99
Springer New York Molecular Radiation Biology The Action Of Ionizing Radiation On Elementary Biological Objects Heidelberg Science Library
Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1. Historical Survey.- 1.2. Dose-Response Curves and Special Aspects of Radiation Action.- 1.3. The Temporal Stages of Radiation Action.- 1.4. The Significance of Molecular Radiation Biology.- 1.5. An Introduction to Molecular Radiation Biology.- References.- 2. The Hit Theory.- 2.1. Basic Concepts.- 2.2. Single and Multiple Hit Phenomena.- 2.3. Dose-Response Curves of Multiple Target Systems.- 2.4. The Influence of Biological Variability on the Form of Dose-Response Curves.- 2.5. The “Relative Steepness” of the Dose-Response Curve.- 2.6. Possibilities of Deception by Single-Hit Curves.- References.- 3. The Stochastics of the Action of Radiation.- 3.1. Kinetic Interpretation of the Dose-Response Curve.- 3.2. Multi-Hit Curves.- 3.3. Reverse Processes.- 3.4. A Formalistic Description of Dose-Response Curves.- 3.5. Dose-Response Curves of Colony Formation.- References.- 4. Primary Processes of Energy Absorption.- 4.1. X- and Gamma-Radiation.- 4.2. Neutrons.- 4.3. Charged Particles.- 4.4. Uptake of Energy by Molecules.- 4.5. The Energy Distribution of Secondary Electrons.- 4.6. Energy Deposited per Primary Interaction.- References.- 5. Target Theory and Action Cross Section.- 5.1. Establishment of a Rigid Concept of a “Hit”.- 5.2. Target Theory.- 5.3. Theory of the Action Cross Section.- 5.4. Relative Biological Effectiveness.- References.- 6. Direct and Indirect Action of Radiation.- 6.1. The Direct Effect.- 6.2. Indirect Effect in Solutions.- 6.3. Indirect Effect in Cells.- 6.4. Indirect Effect in the Dry State.- 6.5. Protective and Sensitizing Agents.- References.- 7. The Temperature Effect.- 7.1. Experimental Observations.- 7.2. Temperature Effect and the Indirect Action of Radiation..- 7.3. LET-Dependence of the Temperature Effect.- 7.4. The “Thermal Spike” Model.- References.- 8. The Oxygen Effect.- 8.1. The Oxygen Effect in Macromolecules.- 8.2. An Oxygen Effect Hypothesis.- 8.3. The Oxygen Effect in Bacteria.- 8.4. Oxygen Effect and LET.- References.- 9. The Action of Radiation on Enzymes: The Example of Ribonuclease.- 9.1. Structure and Function of Ribonuclease.- 9.2. Inactivation Kinetics.- 9.3. Radiation-Induced Radicals.- 9.4. Changes in Irradiated Enzyme Molecules.- 9.5. Separation and Identification of Irradiation Products.- 9.6. Amino Acid Analysis.- 9.7. Mechanisms of Inactivation.- References.- 10. Physico-Chemical Changes in Irradiated Nucleic Acids.- 10.1. The Structure of DNA.- 10.2. Radiation-Induced Radicals.- 10.3. Chemical Changes in Irradiated DNA.- 10.4. Breaks in the Polynucleotide Chains.- 10.5. Intermolecular Cross-Linking.- 10.6. Rupture of Hydrogen Bonds.- References.- 11. Inactivation of Nucleic Acid Functions.- 11.1. Functions of Nucleic Acids.- 11.2. Infectivity.- 11.3. Transformation.- 11.4. Priming Activity of DNA.- 11.5. Enzyme Induction.- 11.6. DNA-mRNA Hybrids.- 11.7. Translation.- References.- 12. The Action of Radiation on Viruses.- 12.1. Basic Properties of Viruses.- 12.2. Inactivation of Viruses containing Single-Stranded Nucleic Acids.- 12.3. Inactivation of Viruses containing Double-Stranded DNA.- 12.4. Repair of Radiation Damage in Viral DNA.- 12.5. BU Effect.- References.- 13. The Action of Radiation on Bacteria.- 13.1. Some Basic Properties of Bacteria.- 13.2. Inactivation of Bacteria.- 13.3. Bacterial DNA as the Critical Target.- 13.4. Repair of UV Damage.- 13.5. Repair of Damage caused by Ionizing Radiation.- 13.6. Genetic Control of Repair in Bacterium E. coli.- 13.7. Micrococcus Radiodurans.- References.- 14. Radiation Sensitivity and Biological Complexity.- 14.1. Attempts at a Systematic Approach.- 14.2. What is Radiation Sensitivity?.- References.
£49.49
Taylor & Francis Ltd Molecular Pathomechanisms and New Trends in Drug
Book SynopsisKnowledge of the basic mechanisms of human disease is essential for any student or professional engaged in drug research and development. Functional gene analysis (genomics), protein analysis (proteomics), and other molecular biological techniques have made it possible to understand these cellular processes, opening up exciting opportunities for novel therapeutic possibilities.Molecular Pathomechanisms and New Trends in Drug Research presents an in-depth review of the molecular mechanisms involved in a number of common diseases including cancer, AIDS, inflammation, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, with particular emphasis on signal transduction and potential therapeutic strategies. It will be a useful reference text for students and researchers in chemistry, biochemistry, medicine and the pharmaceutical sciences.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Pathomechanisms and Molecular Target Finding. Common Pathway and General Mechanism. Drug Discovery. Molecular Pathomechanism of Cancer. Infectious Diseases. Diseases of the Central and the Peripheral Nervous System. Cardiovascular Diseases. Endocrinal and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Drug Applications.
£56.04
Taylor & Francis Researching Reflecting and Writing about Work
Book SynopsisResearching, Reflecting and Writing about Work provides a guide to the research skills and critical thinking required to complete a research project for professional learning courses in counselling and psychotherapy. Written at a level easily accessible to those enrolled on a work-based qualification as well as those considering postgraduate research at master''s level, this book includes: how we reflect on our work discussion on preparation and structuring of a case study how to present work in supervision with advice on process recording essay plan structures and appropriate methodologies for research ethical considerations and critical linking dilemmas and tensions involved in research at work'. Key learning points and reflective exercises are included throughout and theory is supported by contributions detailing specific learning experiences from a variety of work setTrade Review"This is an important book. For the first time the gamut of diverse training programmes for therapists are linked in a systematic and productive way with the research methodologies currently in use." - Rom Harré, from the Preface"By providing examples of the experience of counsellors in pursuing research projects that have meaning and value for their clients and themselves, the contributors to the book are able to show that research can indeed represent a significant means of extending and deepening insight and understanding in ways that are relevant to understanding the purpose and process of therapy, and which enhance rather than undermine the therapeutic relationship." - John McLeod, from the Foreword"Researching, Reflecting and Writing about Work can be dipped into, and chapters hold their own, independtly of the whole. However, the book's true richness comes through best from reading it in full... I highly recommend it, and expect to refer to it often with a range of students." - Sandra Taylor, Healthcare, Counselling and Psychotherapy Journal, July 2010"This is an important book. For the first time the gamut of diverse training programmes for therapists are linked in a systematic and productive way with the research methodologies currently in use." - Rom Harré, from the Preface. "By providing examples of the experience of counsellors in pursuing research projects that have meaning and value for their clients and themselves, the contributors to the book are able to show that research can indeed represent a significant means of extending and deepening insight and understanding in ways that are relevant to understanding the purpose and process of therapy, and which enhance rather than undermine the therapeutic relationship." - John McLeod, from the Foreword. Table of ContentsHarré, Preface. Gardner, Introduction. Gardner, Coombs, Learning and Researching as an Adult Professional. Gardner, Coombs, Ethical Dilemmas in Training and in Research. Gardner, Coombs, Using the Case Study Approach for Training and Research. Gardner, Coombs, Choosing a Research Paradigm. Whitehead, Research Using Focus Groups in an Organisational Setting. Barnet, Research in the Voluntary Sector. Larcombe, Research in the Public Sector. Cole, Research in the Community with a Feminist Approach. Larcombe, Gardner, Coombs, Going Public – Getting Your Work Out to a Wider Audience. Coombs, The Way Forward.
£34.19
John Wiley & Sons Inc Clinical Diabetes Research Methods and Techniques
Book SynopsisClinical Diabetes Research: Methods and Techniques summarizes established state-of-the art-techniques and describes the new technologies and their role in clinical diabetes research.Trade Review"This is a sorely-needed reference not comparable to anything else currently available." (Doody's, February 2008)Table of Contents1 Basics of Clinical Metabolic Research. 2 Methods for the Assessment of b-Cell Function In Vivo. 3 Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity from Steady-State and Dynamic Tests. 4 Glucose Clamp Techniques. 5 Methods of Assessment of Counterregulation to Hypoglycaemia. 6 Glucose Kinetics: Measurement of Flux Rates. 7 Xenobiotics as Probes of Carbohydrate Metabolism. 8 Tracing Hepatic Glucose and Glycogen Fluxes with 2H2O. 9 Lipid Kinetics. 10 Protein and Amino Acid Kinetics. 11 Assessment of Metabolic Fluxes by In Vivo MR Spectroscopy. 12 Positron Emission Tomography in Metabolic Research. 13 Assessment of Body Fat Content and Distribution. 14 Tissue Biopsies in Diabetes Research. 15 Assessment of Vascular Function. 16 Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Testing. 17 Nerve Function Testing. 18 Kidney Function. 19 Techniques for the Investigation of the Eye in Diabetes. 20 Basics of Molecular Genetics: Lessons from Type 2 Diabetes. 21 Good Clinical Practice: Friend or Foe? 22 Statistical Considerations in Diabetes Trials. Index.
£143.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc BenefitRisk Appraisal of Medicines A Systematic
Book SynopsisEstablishes the criteria required to assess benefit-risk in general and reviews the current practice of benefit-risk assessment by drug regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry. Outlines how the new MCDA model was developed and evaluated, and discusses the implications of its implementation into the practice of drug evaluation.Table of ContentsForeword. Preface. 1 Concept and Scope of Benefit–Risk Evaluation of Medicines. 1.1 Historical backgroun. 1.2 The regulatory systems for assessing medicines. 1.3 Benefit–risk assessment: definitions. 1.4 Views and perceptions of benefits and risks of medicines. 1.5 Stages and concepts in benefit–risk assessment. 1.6 Benefit–risk assessment: the current regulatory environment. 1.7 Benefit–risk assessment in other disciplines. 1.8 Specific methods and models for benefit–risk assessment. 1.9 Discussions with stakeholders on the concepts and models for benefit–risk evaluation. 2 Criteria for a Benefit–Risk Model: a Conceptual Framework. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Regulatory guidelines on benefit and risk criteria. 2.3 Identification, definition and rationale of relevant benefit and risk criteria. 2.4 Verification of the list of benefit and risk criteria by means of a survey. 3 Review of the Current Benefit–Risk Assessment Models. 3.1 Background. 3.2 Evaluation of the existing benefit–risk assessment models. 3.3 Review of models in single clinical trials and for specific medicines. 3.4 Conclusion. 3.5 Newer models. 4 Defining a Systematic Approach to Decision Making. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Objectives and features of the ideal model for benefit–risk assessment. 4.3 The use of decision-analysis techniques for the development of the new model. 5 Development and Application of a Benefit–Risk Assessment Model Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Conceptualization of the new model. 5.3 Reasons for using decision analysis techniques in the new model. 5.4 The use of MCDA in the new model. 5.5 Development of the new model. 5.6 Applicability of the new model. 5.7 Summary. 5.8 Review of the MCDA model. 6 A Future Framework for Benefit–Risk Appraisal of Medicines. 6.1 Background. 6.2 Development of a benefit–risk framework for regulatory review of new medicines. 6.3 Prerequisites of a benefit–risk framework for the registration of a new medicine. 6.4 Current status of benefit–risk assessment among companies and agencies. 6.5 Constructing a benefit–risk framework. 6.6 Conclusion. Appendices. Appendix 1 Summary Reports of the CMR International Institute for Regulatory Science March 2004 and June 2005 Workshops on Benefit–Risk. Appendix 2 Office of Health Economics Briefing: Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Benefit–risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals from an Economic Perspective – James Cross and Louis Garrison (August 2008). Appendix 3 Reflection Paper on Benefit–risk Assessment Methods in the Context of the Evaluation of Marketing Authorisation Applications of Medicinal Products for Human Use – Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (March 2008). Appendix 4 Commentaries on ‘A Quantitative Approach to Benefit–risk Assessment of Medicines’ Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2007, 16. Appendix 5 Forum on Benefit: Risk Decision Analysis – Summary of Discussions and Recommendations – MHRA (September 2008). References. Index.
£94.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Cancer Stem Cells
Book SynopsisBecause the concept and discoveries of cancer stem cells are relatively new, scientists and researchers need an introduction to this dynamic area. Cancer Stem Cells presents a consolidated account of the research done to date and recent progresses in the studies of cancer stem cells. Such a presentation facilitates a better understanding of and draws attention to stem cell and cancer biology - two fields that enhance, move, and evolve into each other continuously. It provides an informative study in designing approaches to apply stem cell principles to cancer biology while offering an overview of the challenges in developing combination stem and cancer biology targets for therapeutics. This book serves as a primer for new researchers in the field of cancer biology.Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xiii 1 Cancer Stem Cells: Similarities and Variations in the Theme of Normal Stem Cells 1Sharmila Bapat, Anne Collins, Michael Dean, Kenneth Nephew, and Suraiya Rasheed 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Stem Cells in the Life of an Organism 2 1.2.1 Stem Cells in Early Development and Fetal Life 3 1.2.2 Stem Cells in the Adult Organism 4 1.3 Cancer Stem Cells 7 1.3.1 Activation of Stem Cells and Cancer 7 1.3.2 Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem Cells 10 1.3.3 De Novo Generation of a New Organ (Tumor) by Transformed Stem Cells 12 1.4 Self-Renewal and Differentiation in CSCs 13 1.5 CSC Plasticity as Regulated by Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stem Cell Factors 14 1.5.1 Stem Cell Intrinsic Factors: Genetic and Epigenetic Effects 14 1.5.2 Stem Cell Extrinsic Effects: Niche Effects and Microenvironmental Signaling 16 1.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 18 References 20 2 Leukemic Stem Cells 27Sharmila Bapat 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Dysregulation of Hematopoiesis in Leukemia 28 2.2.1 Normal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Hierarchies 28 2.2.2 Understanding Aberrant Hierarchies in Leukemia 30 2.2.3 Types of Leukemia 31 2.3 Identification and isolation of Cancer-Initiating Cells in Leukemia 35 2.4 Molecular Regulation of Aberrant Hierarchies 36 2.4.1 Signaling Pathways Deregulated in Leukemia 37 2.4.2 Self-Renewal of Normal and Leukemic Stem Cells 39 2.4.3 Epigenetic Effects 40 2.4.4 MicroRNA in Leukemia Development 42 2.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 44 References 45 3 Isolation and Characterization of Breast and Brain Cancer Stem Cells 57Meera Saxena and Annapoorni Rangarajan 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Breast Cancer Stem Cells 58 3.2.1 Mammary Gland Architecture and Cell Types 58 3.2.2 Breast Cancer 59 3.2.3 Identification of Breast Cancer Stem Cells 59 3.2.4 Putative Breast Cancer Stem Cells that Exhibit the CD44+ CD24-/low Lin- Marker Profile 61 3.2.5 ESA+ Subpopulation of CD24-low Lin- Cells Enriched by Tumorigenicity 61 3.2.6 Tumorigenic Breast Cells Displaying Properties of Stem Cells 61 3.2.7 In Vitro Propagation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells as Mammospheres 62 3.3 Brain Cancer Stem Cells 64 3.3.1 Brain Architecture and Cell Types 64 3.3.2 Brain Cancers 65 3.3.3 Brain Stem Cells 66 3.3.4 Brain Cancer Stem Cells 66 3.3.5 Brain Cancer–Derived Cells that Generate Tumor Spheres 67 3.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 69 References 70 4 Cancer Stem Cell Side Populations 73Danuta Balicki and Raymond Beaulieu 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Stem Cell Side Populations 75 4.3 Side Populations in Normal Tissue 78 4.4 Side Populations in Tumors 79 4.5 Overcoming Side Population Limitations 80 4.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 81 References 82 5 Evidence for Cancer Stem Cells in Retinoblastoma 87Gail M. Seigel 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Elusive Origins of Retinoblastoma 87 5.3 Sources of Retinoblastoma Cells for Study 88 5.4 Precedent for Cancer Stem Cells 88 5.5 Side Populations in Retinoblastoma 89 5.6 Immunoreactivity to Stem Cell Markers in Retinoblastoma 89 5.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 91 References 92 6 Ovarian Stem Cell Biology and the Emergence of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells 95Anjali Kusumbe and Sharmila Bapat 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Overview of the Human Ovary 95 6.2.1 Histological Landmarks 95 6.2.2 Ovarian Development: The Story Before Birth 96 6.2.3 The Mammalian Oogenesis Dogma 98 6.3 Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mammalian Ovary 98 6.3.1 Historical Perspective 98 6.3.2 The Oogenesis Dogma Revisited 99 6.4 Is Ovarian Cancer a Stem Cell Disease? 104 6.4.1 Putative Role of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Ovarian Cancer 104 6.4.2 Tumor as an Aberrant Organ Initiated by Cancer Stem Cells 105 6.4.3 Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells Isolated as a Side Population 106 6.4.4 New Challenge: Targeting Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells 106 References 107 7 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells 111Stefanie Hager, Norman J. Maitland, and Anne Collins 7.1 Introduction 111 7.2 Human Prostate Biology Gland Architecture, and Pathological Alterations 111 7.3 Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells 113 7.3.1 Evidence for Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells 113 7.3.2 Isolation of Human Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells and Demonstration of Their Stem Cell Character 116 7.3.3 Epithelial Stem Cells in the Murine Prostate 118 7.3.4 Other Markers of Prostate Epithelial Stem Cells 119 7.4 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells 120 7.4.1 Role of Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer 120 7.4.2 Prospective Isolation of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells from Human Tissue Samples 122 7.4.3 Role of the Stem Cell Niche in Prostate Cancer 124 7.4.4 Putative Markers of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells 124 7.5 Stem Cell Tracking in the Prostate 125 7.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 127 References 127 8 Molecular Signatures of Highly Malignant Melanoma Stem Cells 135Suraiya Rasheed 8.1 General Properties of Human Melanomas 135 8.2 Characteristics of Stem Cell–Derived Melanomas 136 8.3 The Cat Model System for Stem Cell Melanomas 137 8.3.1 Biological Characteristics of Highly Malignant Stem Cell Melanomas 138 8.3.2 Trans-differentiation of the Malignant Cat Melanoma into Neuronal Cells 139 8.3.3 Proteins Associated with Neuronal Cell Differentiation 140 8.3.4 Cell Cycle Dysregulation and Antitumorigenic Effects During Cell Differentiation 144 8.3.5 Molecular Signatures of Self Renewal and Long-Term Proliferation of Tumor Cells 145 8.3.6 Proteins Involved in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis 147 8.3.7 Expression of Germline and Embryonic Proteins in Cat Melanomas 149 8.3.8 Naturally Occurring Protein–Protein Interaction Complexes in Melanomas 149 8.3.9 Networks of Protein Interaction Pathways 152 8.4 Challenges of Research in Cancer Stem Cellsand Therapeutics 152 8.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 154 References 156 9 Invasion Program of Normal and Cancer Stem Cells 167David Olmeda, Gema Moreno-Bueno, David Sarrió, José Palacios, and Amparo Cano 9.1 Introduction 167 9.2 Basics of Tumor Progression: Invasion and Metastasis 168 9.3 Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Development and Its Relation to The Invasive Process 169 9.4 Regulation of EMT: From Signals to Molecular Pathways 172 9.5 EMT and Cancer Stem Cells 176 9.6 Can Stem Cell Properties Be Extensive to Invasive Tumor Cells? 177 9.7 Is There a Unique EMT Program Linked to Invasion? 178 9.8 Evidence of EMT in Human Clinical Tumors 180 9.9 Expression of Mesenchymal Markers and Cadherin Switching in Carcinomas 181 9.10 Expression of EMT Inducers in Human Tumors 183 9.11 Occurrence of EMT in a Specific Subset of Breast Carcinomas 185 9.12 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 186 References 187 10 Epigenetics in Cancer Stem Cell Development 197Kenneth Nephew, Curt Balch, Tim H.-M. Huang, Zhang Shu, Michael Chan, and Pearlly Yan 10.1 Introduction 197 10.2 Characterization of Candidate Cancer Stem Cells 198 10.3 Possible Origins of Cancer Stem Cells 198 10.4 Epigenetics in Normal Development 199 10.5 Epigenetic Regulation of the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype 200 10.6 Contributions of Epigenetics to Drug Resistance in Cancer Stem Cells 204 10.7 Genome-Wide Interrogation of Epigenetic Modifications in Cancer Stem Cells 206 10.8 Epigenetic Therapies Against Poorly Differentiated Cancer Cells 207 10.9 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 208 References 209 11 Cancer Stem Cells and New Therapeutic Approaches 217Michael Dean 11.1 Cancer Stem Cells 217 11.2 Activation of Stem Cells and Cancer 218 11.2.1 Initiation and Promotion Revised 219 11.2.2 Stem Cell Activation and Specific Cancers 221 11.3 Major Cancers and Risk Factors 223 11.3.1 Liver Cancer 223 11.3.2 Lung Cancer 224 11.3.3 Gastric Cancer 224 11.3.4 Pancreatic Cancer 224 11.3.5 Cervical Cancer 225 11.4 Treatment Implications 225 11.5 Future Perspectives 227 11.6 Conclusions 228 References 243 12 Immunobiology of Cancer Stem Cells 233Shubhada V. Chiplunkar 12.1 Cancer Stem Cells 233 12.2 Cancer Stem Cells and Lymphocytes 234 12.3 Trafficking of Normal Stem Cells and Metastasis of Cancer Stem Cells 236 References 238 Index 243
£86.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Designing and Conducting Research in Health and
Book SynopsisHealth education is a popular and growing undergraduate major and an occupational field that is on the rise. This easy-to-read, user-friendly book provides the information and skills needed for effective production and consumption of research.Table of ContentsTables and Figures xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv The Authors xvii Part 1 Understanding Important Research Concepts 1 Introduction to Research in Health and Human Performance 3 What You’ll Learn 3 Defining the Research Process 4 Research Continuum: Applied and Basic Research 10 Summary 14 Review Questions 15 Key Terms 15 2 Concepts in Research Designs 17 What You’ll Learn 17 Overview of Research Designs 18 Understanding Research Variables 20 Measuring Research Variables 24 Interpreting Research Designs 26 Summary 29 Review Questions 30 Key Terms 31 Part 2 Reviewing the Literature 3 Developing Your Research Topic and Interpreting Research Reports 35 What You’ll Learn 35 Identifying the Problem 35 Accessing Sources 44 Reading and Interpreting Research Reports 51 Summary 56 Review Questions 57 Key Terms 57 4 Writing the Review of Literature 59 What You’ll Learn 59 Developing an Outline 60 Writing Scientifically 69 Summary 79 Review Questions 80 Key Terms 80 Part 3 Understanding and Developing Research Designs 5 Quantitative Research Designs 83 What You’ll Learn 83 Descriptive Research Designs 84 Experimental Research Designs 96 Correlation Research Designs 102 Summary 104 Review Questions 105 Key Terms 105 6 Qualitative Research Designs 107 What You’ll Learn 107 Characteristics of Qualitative Research 107 Procedures in Qualitative Research 113 Types of Qualitative Research Designs 120 Summary 126 Review Questions 128 Key Terms 128 7 Mixed-Methods and Action Research Designs 129 What You’ll Learn 129 Overview of Mixed-Methods Research Designs 129 Framework for Mixed-Methods Research Designs 132 Action Research 138 Summary 142 Review Questions 144 Key Terms 144 8 Ethics in Research 145 What You’ll Learn 145 Ethics Within Research 146 Summary 159 Review Questions 160 Key Terms 160 9 Developing Your Research Proposal 161 What You’ll Learn 161 Sampling 162 Writing Your Introduction 168 Developing Your Methods 174 Summary 179 Review Questions 179 Key Terms 180 Part 4 Exploring Measurement and Analysis 10 Validity, Reliability, Objectivity 183 What You’ll Learn 183 Validity Concepts 184 Reliability Concepts 195 Objectivity Concepts 200 Summary 201 Review Questions 202 Key Terms 203 11 Introduction to Statistics and Hypothesis Testing 205 What You’ll Learn 205 Introduction to Statistics 206 Descriptive Statistics 215 Hypothesis Testing 219 Summary 224 Review Questions 225 Key Terms 225 12 Quantitative Data Analysis 227 What You’ll Learn 227 Inferential Statistics 227 Examining Relationships 230 Examining Differences 236 Examining Type I and Type II Errors 247 Summary 248 Review Questions 249 Key Terms 249 13 Qualitative Analysis: Interpreting the Data 251 What You’ll Learn 251 Recording Your Data 251 Managing Your Data 253 Writing the Report 258 Trustworthiness of the Data 265 Summary 267 Review Questions 268 Key Terms 269 14 Results and Discussion: Writing What You Found 271 What You’ll Learn 271 Results Section 272 Discussion Section 275 Writing Your Abstract 279 Summary 280 Review Questions 281 Part 5 Putting It All Together 15 Presenting Your Research 285 What You’ll Learn 285 Poster Presentations 286 Oral Presentation 295 Summary 301 Review Questions 301 Glossary 303 References 311 Index 319
£69.95
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Molecular Techniques for the Study of Hospital
Book SynopsisProviding a broad overview of the microbial pathogens associated with hospital-acquired human illness, Techniques for the Study of Hospital Acquired Infection examines the cost-effective use of laboratory techniques in nosocomial infectious disease epidemiology and control.Table of ContentsContributors. Forword. Preface. Dedication. I. Introduction to Healthcare Associated Infections and Their Control. 1. The Hospital and Ambulatory Care Environment (Anne Y. Chen and Hiren Pokharma). 2. Pathogen Transmission in the Healthcare Setting (Sonja Hansen and Ralf-Peter Vonberg). 3. Infection Control Basics (Louise-Marie Dembry and Carlos Torres-Viera). 4. Cost-Effectiveness of IC Program (Marc-Oliver Wright and Eli N. Perencevich). 5. Outbreak Investigations (Importance of the Healthcare Epidemiologist) (Marcus J. Zervos). 6. Pathogen Elimination: Antibiotic and Disinfectant Use and the Development of Resistance (Steven L. Foley, Beilei Ge, Carl M. Schroeder, and Arron M. Lynne). II. Techniques to Characterize Nosocomial Pathogens. 7. Rapid PCR Screening Methods (Ngolela Esther Babady, Frankling Cockerill and Robin Patel). 8. Restriction Analysis Techniques (Richard V. Goering, Mary Stemper, SanjayShukla and Steven Foley). 9. Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (Mary Stemper, Steven Foley Richard V. Goering, and Sanjay Shukla). III. Application of Techniques to Characterize Predominant Nosocomial Pathogens. 10. Staphylococcus aureus (Vanthida Huang). 11. Escherichia coli (Johann D. D. Pitout). 12. Fungal Infections (Jose A. Vazquez). Index.
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biostatistical Methods
Book SynopsisPraise for the First Edition . . . an excellent textbook . . . an indispensable reference for biostatisticians and epidemiologists. International Statistical Institute A new edition of the definitive guide to classical and modern methods of biostatistics Biostatistics consists of various quantitative techniques that are essential to the description and evaluation of relationships among biologic and medical phenomena. Biostatistical Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks, Second Edition develops basic concepts and derives an expanded array of biostatistical methods through the application of both classical statistical tools and more modern likelihood-based theories. With its fluid and balanced presentation, the book guides readers through the important statistical methods for the assessment of absolute and relative risks in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials with categorical, count, and event-time data. Presenting a brTrade Review"Biostatistical methods, second edition is an excellent book for biostatistics courses at the graduate level. It is also an invaluable reference for biostatisticians, applied statisticians, and epidemiologists." (Mathematical Reviews, 2011) "The author of this book has made a tremendous effort in covering a gamut of tests, methods, and ideas for biostatistical problem solving . . . In conclusion, the book is recommended to all in biostatistics as a technical reference." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 1 September 2012) "...Biostatistics is set apart from other statistics specialties by its focus on the assessment of risks and relative risks through clinical research," states Lachin (George Washington U.) in the preface to the first edition (2001). He developed this graduate text to support a course he launched as a joint initiative of the university's department of statistics, its Biostatistics Center, and the School of Public Health and Health Services. Coverage includes discussion of biostatistics and biomedical science, relative risk estimates and tests for independent groups, sample size, stratified adjusted analysis, case-control and matched studies, applications of maximum likelihood and efficient scores, among other topics." (Book News Inc., February 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. Preface to First Edition. 1 Biostatistics and Biomedical Science. 1.1 Statistics and the Scientific Method. 1.2 Biostatistics. 1.3 Natural History of Disease Progression. 1.4 Types of Biomedical Studies. 1.5 Studies of Diabetic Nephropathy. 2 Relative Risk Estimates and Tests for Independent Groups. 2.1 Probability As a Measure of Risk. 2.2 Measures of Relative Risk. 2.3 Large Sample Distribution. 2.4 Sampling Models Likelihoods. 2.5 Exact Inference. 2.6 Large Sample Inferences. 2.7 SAS PROC FREQ. 2.8 Other Measures of Differential Risk. 2.9 Polychotomous and Ordinal Data. 2.10 Two Independent Groups With Polychotomous Response. 2.11 Multiple Independent Groups. 2.12 Problems. 3 Sample Size, Power, and Efficiency. 3.1 Estimation Precision. 3.2 Power of Z-Tests. 3.3 Test for Two Proportions. 3.4 Power of Chi-Square Tests. 3.5 SAS PROC POWER. 3.6 Efficiency. 3.7 Problems. 4 Stratified-Adjusted Analysis for Independent Groups. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Mantel-Haenszel Test and Cochran’s Test. 4.3 Stratified-Adjusted Estimators. 4.4 Nature of Covariate Adjustment. 4.5 Multivariate Tests of Hypotheses. 4.6 Tests of Homogeneity. 4.7 Efficient Tests of No Partial Association. 4.8 Asymptotic Relative Efficiency of Competing Tests. 4.9 Maximin-Efficient Robust Tests. 4.10 Random Effects Model. 4.11 Power and Sample Size for Tests of Association. 4.12 Polychotomous and Ordinal Data. 4.13 Problems. 5 Case-Control and Matched Studies. 5.1 Unmatched Case-Control (Retrospective) Sampling. 5.2 Matching. 5.3 Tests of Association for Matched Pairs. 5.4 Measures of Association for Matched Pairs. 5.5 Pair-Matched Retrospective Study. 5.6 Power Function of McNemar’s Test. 5.7 Stratified Analysis of Pair-Matched Tables. 5.8 Multiple Matching-Mantel-Haenszel Analysis. 5.9 Matched Polychotomous Data. 5.10 Kappa Index of Agreement. 5.11 Problems. 6 Applications of Maximum Likelihood and Efficient Scores. 6.1 Binomial. 6.2 2x2 Table: Product Binomial (Unconditionally). 6.3 2x2 Table, Conditionally. 6.4 Score-Based Estimate. 6.5 Stratified Score Analysis of Independent 2x2 Tables. 6.6 Matched Pairs. 6.7 Iterative Maximum Likelihood. 6.8 Problems. 7 Logistic Regression Models. 7.1 Unconditional Logistic Regression Model. 7.2 Interpretation of the Logistic Regression Model. 7.3 Tests of Significance. 7.4 Interactions. 7.5 Measures of the Strength of Association. 7.6 Conditional Logistic Regression Model for Matched Sets. 7.7 Models for Polychotomous or Ordinal Data. 7.8 Random Effects and Mixed Models. 7.9 Models for Multivariate or Repeated Measures. 7.10 Problems. 8 Analysis of Count Data. 8.1 Event Rates and the Homogeneous Poisson Model. 8.2 Over Dispersed Poisson Model. 8.3 Poisson Regression Model. 8.4 Over Dispersed and Robust Poisson Regression. 8.5 Conditional Poisson Regression for Matched Sets. 8.6 Negative Binomial Models. 8.7 Power and Sample Size. 8.8 Multiple Outcomes. 8.9 Problems. 9 Analysis of Event-Time Data. 9.1 Introduction to Survival Analysis. 9.2 Lifetable Construction. 9.3 Family of Weighted Mantel-Haenszel Tests. 9.4 Proportional Hazards Models. 9.5 Evaluation of Sample Size and Power. 9.6 Additional Models. 9.7 Analysis of Recurrent Events. 9.8 Problems. Appendix Statistical Theory. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Central Limit Theorem and the Law of Large Numbers. A.3 Delta Method. A.4 Slutsky’s Convergence Theorem. A.5 Least Squares Estimation. A.6 Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Efficient Scores. A.7 Tests of Significance. A.8 Explained Variation. A.9 Robust Inference. A.10 Generalized Linear Models and Quasi-Likelihood. A.11 Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). References. Author Index. Subject Index.
£120.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in
Book SynopsisThis book addresses the statistical, practical, and ethical issues arising from allocating groups of individuals, or clusters, to different interventions.Trade Review“There are several unique strengths to this book. In particular the authors are very experienced statisticians having worked for many years in the design and analysis of cluster randomized trials and have written excellent methodological articles many of which are cited in their book.” (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, 2012) Table of ContentsPreface xiii Notation xv Table of cases: Trials used as examples in more than one chapter in the book xviii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction to randomised trials 2 1.2 Explanatory or pragmatic trials 2 1.3 How does a cluster randomised trial differ from other trials? 3 1.4 Between-cluster variability 9 1.5 Why carry out cluster randomised trials? 10 1.6 Quality of evidence from cluster randomised trials 13 1.7 Historical perspectives 16 1.8 Summary 18 References 19 2 Recruitment and ethics 22 2.1 Selecting clusters and participants to enhance external validity 22 2.2 Ethics of cluster randomised trials 24 2.3 Selection and recruitment of participants to enhance internal validity 35 2.4 Retention of participants in the trial 41 2.5 Summary 41 References 41 3 Designing interventions 44 3.1 Lack of effectiveness of interventions evaluated in cluster randomised trials 45 3.2 What is a complex intervention? 46 3.3 Phases in the development of a complex intervention 50 3.4 Identifying evidence for potential intervention effect (pre-clinical phase) 50 3.5 Understanding more about intervention components (modelling phase) 53 3.6 Developing the optimum intervention and study design (exploratory trial phase) 55 3.7 What is the intervention? 57 3.8 Summary 58 References 58 4 Pilot and feasibility studies 60 4.1 What is a pilot study? 60 4.2 Reasons for conducting pilot and feasibility studies 63 4.3 Designing a pilot or feasibility study 69 4.4 Reporting and interpreting pilot studies 71 4.5 Summary 72 References 73 5 Design 74 5.1 Parallel designs with only two arms 75 5.2 Cohort versus cross-sectional designs 85 5.3 Parallel designs with more than two arms 88 5.4 Crossover designs 92 5.5 Further design considerations 95 5.6 Summary 96 References 96 6 Analysis 99 6.1 Data collection and management 99 6.2 Analysis – an introduction 101 6.3 Analyses for two-arm, completely randomised, stratified or minimised designs 104 6.4 Analyses for other designs 124 6.5 Intention to treat and missing values 129 6.6 Analysis planning 131 6.7 Summary 132 References 133 7 Sample size calculations 137 7.1 Factors affecting sample size for cluster randomised designs 138 7.2 Calculating sample size using the intra-cluster correlation coeffi cient 142 7.3 Sample size calculations for rates 145 7.4 Restricted number of clusters 146 7.5 Trials with a small number of clusters 149 7.6 Variability in cluster size 150 7.7 Comparison of different measures of between-cluster variability 154 7.8 Matched and stratifi ed designs 160 7.9 Sample size for other designs 166 7.10 Summary 169 References 169 8 The intra-cluster correlation coeffi cient 172 8.1 What is the ICC? 173 8.2 Sources of ICC estimates 175 8.3 Choosing the ICC for use in sample size calculations 179 8.4 Calculating ICC values 185 8.5 Uncertainty in ICCs 192 8.6 Summary 193 References 193 9 Other topics 196 Richard Grieve 9.1 Systematic reviews 197 9.2 Cost effectiveness analyses 207 9.3 Process evaluation 212 9.4 Monitoring 213 9.5 Summary 215 References 215 10 Trial reporting 218 10.1 Trial quality and reporting quality 218 10.2 Steps to improve trial reporting in the early stages of the trial 227 10.3 Reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts 230 10.4 Application of CONSORT statement to cluster randomised trials 232 10.5 Summary 262 References 263 Index 267
£57.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Clinical Trials in Psychiatry
Book SynopsisAt last a new edition of the highly acclaimed book Clinical Trials in Psychiatry This book provides a concise but thorough overview of clinical trials in psychiatry, invaluable to those seeking solutions to numerous problems relating to design, methodology and analysis of such trials.Practical examples and applications are used to ground theory whenever possible. The Second Edition includes new information regarding: Recent important psychiatric trials More specific discussion of psychiatry in the USA and the particular problems of trials in the USA, including comments about the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) An extended chapter on meta-analysis Further discussion of sub-group analysis Special features include appendices outlining how to design and report clinical trials, what websites and software programs are appropriate and an extensive reference section. From the reviews of the First EdiTrade Review"A book to read from beginning to end.... Clinical Trials in Psychiatry covers all the most important issues and will be useful to all clinicians who are involved in conducting, or using the results of, clinical trials. It provides a highly persuasive account of the unique scientific advantages of randomised trials for those who remain unconvinced. It is very readable." (British Journal of Psychiatry, February 2009) "On balance, readers looking for a practical text to introduce them to the key issues will be well-satisfied with Clinical Trials in Psychiatry." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2009) "On balance, readers looking for a practical text to introduce them to the key issues will be well-satisfied with Clinical Trials in Psychiatry." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2009)Table of ContentsPreface to the first edition. Preface to the second edition. 1. Treatments, good, bad or worthless – and how do we tell? 1.1 Treatments worthless – and worse. 1.2 A brief history of treating the mentally ill. 1.3 Summary. 2. The randomized clinical trial. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The clinical trial. 2.3 Ethical issues in clinical trials. 2.4 Informed consent. 2.5 Compliance. 2.6 Summary. 3. Design issues in clinical trials. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Clinical trial designs. 3.3 Methods of randomization. 3.4 Methods of masking treatments. 3.5 The size of a clinical trial. 3.6 Interim analysis. 3.7 Summary. 4. Special problems of trials in psychiatry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Explanatory versus pragmatic trials. 4.3 Complex interventions. 4.4 Outcome measures in psychiatry. 4.5 Summary. 5. Some statistical issues in the analysis of psychiatric trials. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 P-values and confidence intervals. 5.3 Using baseline data. 5.4 Longitudinal data. 5.5 Missing values and dropouts in longitudinal data. 5.6 Multiple outcome measures. 5.7 Intention-to-treat. 5.8 Economic evaluation of trials. 5.9 Number needed to treat. 6. Analysing data from a psychiatric trial: an example. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Beating the Blues. 6.3 Analysis of the post-treatment BDI scores. 6.4 Graphical displays and summary measure analysis of longitudinal data. 6.5 Random effects models for the BtB data. 6.6 The dropout problem in the BtB data. 6.7 Summary. 7. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Study selection. 7.3 Publication bias. 7.4 The statistics of meta-analysis. 7.5 Some examples of meta-analysis of psychiatric trials. 7.6 Summary. 8. RCTs in psychiatry: threats, challenges and the future. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Can randomized clinical trials in psychiatry be justified? 8.3 Are randomized clinical trials really necessary? 8.4 Conflicts of interest. 8.5 Scandals, trials and tribulations. 8.6 The future of psychiatric trials. 8.7 Defending the clinical trial. 8.8 Summary. Appendix A. Issues in the management of clinical trials- 'how to do it'. A.1 Introduction. A.2 Clinical trial protocols. A.3 Getting the costs right. A.4 Collecting and managing the data. A.5 Writing the patient information sheet. A.6 Getting informed consent. A.7 Maintaining recruitment. A.8 Useful web sites. Appendix B. Writing a trial report. B.1 Introduction. Appendix C. Useful software for clinical trials. C.1 Introduction. C.2 Data management. C.3Design. C.4 Analysis. Bibliography. Index.
£80.96
Wiley Synthesizing Qualitative Research
Book SynopsisA considerable number of journal publications using a range of qualitative synthesis approaches has been published. Mary Dixon-Woods and colleagues (Mary Dixon-Woods, Booth, & Sutton, 2007) identified 42 qualitative evidence synthesis papers published in health care literature between 1990 and 2004. An ongoing update by Hannes and Macaitis (2010)identified around 100 additional qualitative or mixed methods syntheses. Yet these generally lack a clear, detailed description of what was done and why (Greenhalgh et al, 2007; McInnes & Wimpenny, 2008). Choices are most commonly influenced by what others have successfully used in the past or by a particular school of thought (Atkins et al, 2008; Britten et al, 2002). This is a substantive limitation. This book brings balance to the options available to researchers, including approaches that have not had a substantial uptake among researchers. It provides arguments for when and why researchers or other parties of interest should opt for a cTable of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. List of Contributors. 1 “It looks great but how do I know if it fits?”: an introduction to meta-synthesis research (Barbara L. Paterson). 2 Obstacles to the implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Belgium: a worked example of meta-aggregation (Karin Hannes and Alan Pearson). 3 Medicine taking for asthma: a worked example of meta-ethnography (Nicky Britten and Catherine Pope). 4 The use of Morphine to treat cancer related pain: a worked example of Critical Interpretive Synthesis (Kate Flemming and Elizabeth McInnes) 5 The Internet in medical education: a worked example of a realist review (Geoff Wong). 6 Mixed methods synthesis: a worked example (Josephine Kavanagh, Fiona Cambell, Angela Harden and James Thomas). 7 Bayesian approaches to the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative research findings (Jamie L. Crandell, Corrine I. Voils and Margarete Sandelowski). 8 Conclusion (Nathan Manning). Index.
£41.36
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Qualitative Research Methods in Mental
Book SynopsisThis book provides a user-friendly introduction to the qualitative methods most commonly used in the mental health and psychotherapy arena. Chapters are written by leading researchers and the editors are experienced qualitative researchers, clinical trainers, and mental health practitioners Provides chapter-by-chapter guidance on conducting a qualitative study from across a range of approaches Offers guidance on how to review and appraise existing qualitative literature, how to choose the most appropriate method, and how to consider ethical issues Demonstrates how specific methods have been applied to questions in mental health research Uses examples drawn from recent research, including research with service users, in mental health practice and in psychotherapy Trade Review“In a field that at times feels dominated by obfuscating jargon and a cult-like zeal, the editors have produced an accessible, illuminating text that will be of great value to those wishing to gain an introduction to this essential and developing area of mental health research.” (The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1 May 2012) "David Harper and Andrew Thompson’s book Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy provides a reference for students and practitioners who are using qualitative research to explore topics related to mental health. The book provides a rich and comprehensive text, with contributions from specialized authors on a number of key themes and research methods relevant to qualitative research. Despite being specifically aimed at those researching mental health issues, this text would be useful for any student or practitioner who wishes to get to grips with ‘big q research’..." (Feminism and Psychology, 2013) “Since receiving this book for review, I have found myself repeatedly recommending it to fellow doctoral researchers from a range of professional backgrounds, at all stages of candidature. I do so because, in my opinion, this book addresses, in an accessible, clear, yet thorough manner, the issues which all students and practitioner-researchers face in aspiring to produce high quality, creative, qualitative research in mental health and psychotherapy.” (QMiP Bulletin Issue 15, Spring 2013)Table of ContentsAbout the Contributors. Acknowledgements. PART I Getting Started. 1 Introduction (Andrew R. Thompson and David Harper). 2 Identifying and Synthesizing Qualitative Literature (Rachel L. Shaw). 3 Ethical Issues in Qualitative Mental Health Research (Andrew R. Thompson and Eleni Chambers). 4 Participation and Service User Involvement (Alison Faulkner). 5 Qualitative Data Collection: Asking the Right Questions (Hannah Frith and Kate Gleeson). 6 Qualitative Methods for Studying Psychotherapy Change Processes (Robert Elliott). 7 Choosing a Qualitative Research Method (David Harper). PART II Methods. 8 Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in Mental Health and Psychotherapy Research (Michael Larkin and Andrew R. Thompson). 9 Existentialist-Informed Hermeneutic Phenomenology (Carla Willig and Abigail Billin). 10 Grounded Theory Methods for Mental Health Practitioners (Alison Tweed and Kathy Charmaz). 11 Discourse Analysis (Eugenie Georgaca and Evrinomy Avdi). 12 Narrative Psychology (Michael Murray and Sally Sargeant). 13 Ethnomethodology/Conversation Analysis (Mark Rapley). 14 Q Methodological Research in Mental Health and Psychotherapy (Wendy Stainton Rogers and Phillip O. Dyson). 15 Thematic Analysis (Helene Joffe). PART III Establishing Good Quality Qualitative Research in Mental Health. 16 In Pursuit of Quality (Liz Spencer and Jane Ritchie). 17 Emerging Issues and Future Directions (David Harper and Andrew R. Thompson). Index.
£73.76
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Manual of Research Techniques in Cardiovascular
Book SynopsisWhile some research methods or techniques are applicable in several areas of medicine, research in cardiovascular diseases requires knowledge of an increasing array of procedures, techniques and measurements that are highly specialized and unique to this area of investigation.Table of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xix About the Companion Website xx Part 1 Electrophysiology 1 Measurement of calcium transient ex vivo 3 Kenneth R. Laurita and Bradley N. Plummer 2 Confocal imaging of intracellular calcium cycling in isolated cardiac myocytes 12 Søren Grubb, J. Andrew Wasserstrom, and Gary L. Aistrup 3 Generating a large animal model of persistent atrial fi brillation 20 Raphaël P. Martins and José Jalife 4 Confocal imaging of intracellular calcium cycling in the intact heart 32 Neha Singh, Manvinder Kumar, James E. Kelly, Gary L. Aistrup, and J. Andrew Wasserstrom 5 Recording and measurement of action potentials 41 Kenneth S. Ginsburg and Donald M. Bers 6 Patch-clamp recordings from isolated cardiac myocytes 50 Kai-Chien Yang, Wei Wang, and Jeanne M. Nerbonne 7 Optical mapping of the heart 60 Di Lang, Sarah Gutbrod, Jacob Laughner, and Igor R. Efi mov Part 2 Isolation and Maintenance of Primary Stem Cells 8 Isolation of colony-forming endothelial progenitor cells 71 Haruchika Masuda and Takayuki Asahara 9 Cardiac resident stem cells 87 João Ferreira-Martins, Fumihiro Sanada, and Marcello Rota 10 Cardiospheres 95 Rachel Ruckdeschel Smith 11 Mesenchymal stem cells 104 Jose S. Da Silva and Joshua M. Hare 12 Generation and differentiation of human iPS cells 110 Sebastian Diecke, Lei Ye, Sophia Zhang, and Jianyi Zhang 13 Isolation of neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes 117 Md. Abdur Razzaque and Jeffrey Robbins 14 Isolation and culture of vascular smooth muscle cells 125 Milton Hamblin, Lin Chang, and Y. Eugene Chen 15 Isolation and culture of cardiac endothelial cells 131 Asish K. Ghosh, Joseph W. Covington, and Douglas E. Vaughan 16 Isolation and culture of cardiac fi broblasts 140 Asish K. Ghosh, Joseph W. Covington and Douglas E. Vaughan 17 Murine bone marrow transplantation model 146 Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Suresh Kumar Verma, and Raj Kishore 18 In vitro differentiation and expansion of vascular endothelial cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells 149 Anees Fatima, Carey Nassano-Miller, and Tsutomu Kume Part 3 Manipulation of the Heart and Vessels in Vivo and ex Vivo 19 Coronary ligation 157 Alexander R. Mackie and Hossein Ardehali 20 Transverse aortic constriction: a model to study heart failure in small animals 164 Suresh Kumar Verma, Prasanna Krishnamurthy, and Raj Kishore 21 Pharmacological models of hypertrophy and failure 170 Angela C. deAlmeida, Tariq Hamid, and Sumanth D. Prabhu 22 Hindlimb ischemia 177 Jerry C. Lee, Ngan F. Huang, and John P. Cooke 23 The Langendorff preparation 187 Hugh Clements-Jewery and Michael J. Curtis 24 Myocarditis and other immunological models of cardiac disease 197 Daniela C¡ iháková and Noel R. Rose 25 Models of pacing-induced heart failure 203 James A. Shuman, Rupak Mukherjee, and Francis G. Spinale 26 Porcine myocardial ischemia models 215 Xian-Liang Tang and Roberto Bolli 27 Angiogenesis assays 225 Susmita Sahoo and Douglas W. Losordo 28 Immunohistochemical analysis of cardiac tissue 232 Barbara Ogórek, Donato Cappetta, and Jan Kajstura 29 A murine model of cardiac arrest by exsanguination 237 Guangming Cheng, Yiru Guo, Harold K. Elias, Carrie M. Quinn, Arash Davani, Yanjuan Yang, Magdy Girgis, Roberto Bolli, and Buddhadeb Dawn Part 4 Small Animal Imaging 30 Blood pressure, telemetry, and vascular measurements in the rodent model 245 Robert S. Danziger 31 The setting: imaging conscious, sedated, or anesthetized rodents 250 Gene H. Kim and Roberto M. Lang 32 Echocardiography: standard techniques (M-mode, two-dimensional imaging, and Doppler) 254 Gene H. Kim, Lauren Beussink-Nelson, Sanjiv J. Shah, and Roberto M. Lang 33 Echocardiography: advanced techniques (tissue Doppler, speckle tracking, and three-dimensional imaging) 275 Lauren Beussink-Nelson, Gene H. Kim, Roberto M. Lang, and Sanjiv J. Shah 34 In vivo tomographic cardiac imaging: positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging 287 Bruno C. Huber, Patricia K. Nguyen, and Joseph C. Wu 35 In vivo hemodynamics 295 Alexander R. Mackie, Kyle K. Henderson, Sol Misener, and Hossein Ardehali Part 5 Metabolism, Mitochondria, and Cell Death 36 Fractionation of cardiomyocytes and isolation of mitochondria 307 Christopher P. Baines 37 Assessment of glucose and fatty acid metabolism ex vivo 313 Darrell D. Belke and E. Dale Abel 38 Quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in mice 320 Abhinav Agarwal, Millicent G. Winner, Srinivas D. Sithu, and Sanjay Srivastava 39 Assessment of cell death in the heart 332 Russell S. Whelan, Klitos Konstantinidis, and Richard N. Kitsis 40 Assessment of mitochondrial function in isolated cells 343 Amy K. Rines and Hossein Ardehali 41 Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy of myocardial energetics and substrate utilization in isolated perfused mouse hearts 351 Stephen C. Kolwicz, Jr. and Rong Tian 42 Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease 359 Mahmood Khan, Fatemat Hassan, Sashwati Roy, and Chandan K. Sen 43 Assessing autophagy 371 Roberta A. Gottlieb 44 Assessment of cardiomyocyte size 378 A. Martin Gerdes and Alessandro Pingitore Part 6 Manipulation of Gene Expression in Vitro and in Vivo 45 Generation of Cre-loxP mouse models for conditional knockout and overexpression of genes in various heart cells 389 Marisa Z. Jackson and Warren G. Tourtellotte 46 Modulation of myocardial genes via use of adenoviral vectors and RNA interference approaches 397 Qianhong Li 47 Overexpression and downregulation of proteins in vitro 407 Marina Bayeva and Hossein Ardehali 48 In vivo microRNA studies 416 Eva van Rooij Part 7 Model Systems 49 Vascular and cardiac studies in zebrafi sh 425 Hans-Georg Simon, Molly Ahrens, and Brandon Holtrup 50 Vascular and cardiac studies in Drosophila 432 Lin Yu, Joseph P. Daniels, and Matthew J. Wolf Index 441
£113.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Missing Data in Clinical Studies
Book SynopsisMissing Data in Clinical Studies provides a comprehensive account of the problems arising when data from clinical and related studies are incomplete, and presents the reader with approaches to effectively address them. The text provides a critique of conventional and simple methods before moving on to discuss more advanced approaches.Trade Review?Overall, this is an excellent text on missing data that is engaging for practitioners while being rigorous enoughfor use in the graduate biostatistics courses.?(Biometrics , September 2009)" "Missing Data in Clinical Studies does an excellent job of presenting essential ideas on modern concepts and techniques relevant to missing data in clinical studies." (Journal of the American Statistician, December 2008) "?this book is reasonably well organized and covers all the relevant theory and much of the practical applications of the field." (Journal of the American Chemical Association, August 6, 2008) "Missing Data in Clinical Studies does an excellent job of presenting essential ideas on modern concepts and techniques relevant to missing data in clinical studies." (Journal of the American Statistician, December 2008) "Clear, generally accessible and well written, and the content is rich. This text is a highly recommendable addition to the shelves of practicing statisticians." (Journal of Applied Statistics, August 2008) "The authors give key examples in the form of several clinical trials and their analyses using the appropriate remedial techniques." (Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, August 2007)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. I Preliminaries. 1 Introduction. 1.1 From Imbalance to the Field of Missing Data Research. 1.2 Incomplete Data in Clinical Studies. 1.3 MAR, MNAR, and Sensitivity Analysis. 1.4 Outline of the Book. 2 Key Examples. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The Vorozole Study. 2.3 The Orthodontic Growth Data. 2.4 Mastitis in Dairy Cattle. 2.5 The Depression Trials. 2.6 The Fluvoxamine Trial. 2.7 The Toenail Data. 2.8 Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trial. 2.9 The Analgesic Trial. 2.10 The Slovenian Public Opinion Survey. 3 Terminology and Framework. 3.1 Modelling Incompleteness. 3.2 Terminology. 3.3 Missing Data Frameworks. 3.4 Missing Data Mechanisms. 3.5 Ignorability. 3.6 Pattern-Mixture Models. II Classical Techniques and the Need for Modelling. 4 A Perspective on Simple Methods. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Simple Methods. 4.3 Problems with Complete Case Analysis and Last Observation Carried Forward. 4.4 Using the Available Cases: a Frequentist versus a Likelihood Perspective. 4.5 Intention to Treat. 4.6 Concluding Remarks. 5 Analysis of the Orthodontic Growth Data. 5.1 Introduction and Models. 5.2 The Original, Complete Data. 5.3 Direct Likelihood. 5.4 Comparison of Analyses. 5.5 Example SAS Code for Multivariate Linear Models. 5.6 Comparative Power under Different Covariance Structures. 5.7 Concluding Remarks. 6 Analysis of the Depression Trials. 6.1 View 1: Longitudinal Analysis. 6.2 Views 2a and 2b and All versus Two Treatment Arms. III Missing at Random and Ignorability. 7 The Direct Likelihood Method. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Ignorable Analyses in Practice. 7.3 The Linear Mixed Model. 7.4 Analysis of the Toenail Data. 7.5 The Generalized Linear Mixed Model. 7.6 The Depression Trials. 7.7 The Analgesic Trial. 8 The Expectation–Maximization Algorithm. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The Algorithm. 8.3 Missing Information. 8.4 Rate of Convergence. 8.5 EM Acceleration. 8.6 Calculation of Precision Estimates. 8.7 A Simple Illustration. 8.8 Concluding Remarks. 9 Multiple Imputation. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 The Basic Procedure. 9.3 Theoretical Justification. 9.4 Inference under Multiple Imputation. 9.5 Efficiency. 9.6 Making Proper Imputations. 9.7 Some Roles for Multiple Imputation. 9.8 Concluding Remarks. 10 Weighted Estimating Equations. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Inverse Probability Weighting. 10.3 Generalized Estimating Equations for Marginal Models. 10.4 Weighted Generalized Estimating Equations. 10.5 The Depression Trials. 10.6 The Analgesic Trial. 10.7 Double Robustness. 10.8 Concluding Remarks. 11 Combining GEE and MI. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Data Generation and Fitting. 11.3 MI-GEE and MI-Transition. 11.4 An Asymptotic Simulation Study. 11.5 Concluding Remarks. 12 Likelihood-Based Frequentist Inference. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Information and Sampling Distributions. 12.3 Bivariate Normal Data. 12.4 Bivariate Binary Data. 12.5 Implications for Standard Software. 12.6 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Trial. 12.7 The Muscatine Coronary Risk Factor Study. 12.8 The Crépeau Data. 12.9 Concluding Remarks. 13 Analysis of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trial. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Direct Likelihood Analysis of the Continuous Outcome. 13.3 Weighted Generalized Estimating Equations. 13.4 Direct Likelihood Analysis of the Binary Outcome. 13.5 Multiple Imputation. 13.6 Concluding Remarks. 14 Incomplete Data and SAS. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Complete Case Analysis. 14.3 Last Observation Carried Forward. 14.4 Direct Likelihood. 14.5 Weighted Estimating Equations. 14.6 Multiple Imputation. IV Missing Not at Random. 15 Selection Models. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The Diggle–Kenward Model for Continuous Outcomes. 15.3 Illustration and SAS Implementation. 15.4 An MNAR Dale Model. 15.5 A Model for Non-monotone Missingness. 15.6 Concluding Remarks. 16 Pattern-Mixture Models. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 A Simple Gaussian Illustration. 16.3 A Paradox. 16.4 Strategies to Fit Pattern-Mixture Models. 16.5 Applying Identifying Restrictions. 16.6 Pattern-Mixture Analysis of the Vorozole Study. 16.7 A Clinical Trial in Alzheimer’s Disease. 16.8 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Trial. 16.9 Concluding Remarks. 17 Shared-Parameter Models. 18 Protective Estimation. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Brown’s Protective Estimator for Gaussian Data. 18.3 A Protective Estimator for Categorical Data. 18.4 A Protective Estimator for Gaussian Data. 18.5 Concluding Remarks. V Sensitivity Analysis. 19 MNAR, MAR, and the Nature of Sensitivity. 19.1 Introduction. 19.2 Every MNAR Model Has an MAR Bodyguard. 19.3 The General Case of Incomplete Contingency Tables. 19.4 The Slovenian Public Opinion Survey. 19.5 Implications for Formal and Informal Model Selection. 19.6 Behaviour of the Likelihood Ratio Test for MAR versus MNAR. 19.7 Concluding Remarks. 20 Sensitivity Happens. 20.1 Introduction. 20.2 A Range of MNAR Models. 20.3 Identifiability Problems. 20.4 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Trial. 20.5 Concluding Remarks. 21 Regions of Ignorance and Uncertainty. 21.1 Introduction. 21.2 Prevalence of HIV in Kenya. 21.3 Uncertainty and Sensitivity. 21.4 Models for Monotone Patterns. 21.5 Models for Non-monotone Patterns. 21.6 Formalizing Ignorance and Uncertainty. 21.7 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Trial. 21.8 Artificial Examples. 21.9 The Slovenian Public Opinion Survey. 21.10 Some Theoretical Considerations. 21.11 Concluding Remarks. 22 Local and Global Influence Methods. 22.1 Introduction. 22.2 Gaussian Outcomes. 22.3 Mastitis in Dairy Cattle. 22.4 Alternative Local Influence Approaches. 22.5 The Milk Protein Content Trial. 22.6 Analysis of the Depression Trials. 22.7 A Local Influence Approach for Ordinal Data with Dropout. 22.8 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Data. 22.9 A Local Influence Approach for Incomplete Binary Data. 22.10 Analysis of the Fluvoxamine Data. 22.11 Concluding Remarks. 23 The Nature of Local Influence. 23.1 Introduction. 23.2 The Rats Data. 23.3 Analysis and Sensitivity Analysis of the Rats Data. 23.4 Local Influence Methods and Their Behaviour. 23.5 Concluding Remarks. 24 A Latent-Class Mixture Model for Incomplete Longitudinal Gaussian Data. 24.1 Introduction. 24.2 Latent-Class Mixture Models. 24.3 The Likelihood Function and Estimation. 24.4 Classification. 24.5 Simulation Study. 24.6 Analysis of the Depression Trials. 24.7 Concluding Remarks. VI Case Studies. 25 The Age-Related Macular Degeneration Trial. 25.1 Selection Models and Local Influence. 25.2 Local Influence Analysis. 25.3 Pattern-Mixture Models. 25.4 Concluding Remarks. 26 The Vorozole Study. 26.1 Introduction. 26.2 Exploring the Vorozole Data. 26.3 A Selection Model for the Vorozole Study. 26.4 A Pattern-Mixture Model for the Vorozole Study. 26.5 Concluding Remarks. References. Index.
£73.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Clinical Experiments WCL Paper 73 Wiley Classics
Book SynopsisFirst published in 1986, this unique reference to clinical experimentation remains just as relevant today. Focusing on the principles of design and analysis of studies on human subjects, this book utilizes and integrates both modern and classical designs.Table of ContentsReliability of Measurement. Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The Parallel Groups Design. Special Cases of the Parallel Groups Study. Blocking to Control for Prognostic Variables. Stratification to Control for Prognostic Variables. Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change. Repeated Measurements Studies. Latin and Greco-Latin Squares. The Crossover Study. Balanced Incomplete Block Designs. Factorial Experiments. Split-Plot Designs and Confounding. Appendix. Indexes.
£130.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Large PAHs Chemistry and Analysis 218 Chemical
Book SynopsisPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were one of the first chemicals discovered to cause cancer in humans. This work covers polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with larger than seven rings. It has chapters devoted to sample handling and preparation and methodology.Trade Review"...explains methods for analyzing chemical compounds with aromatic cores..." (SciTech Book News, March 2001)Table of ContentsThe Large PAHs. Ultraviolet/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy. Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy of LPAHs. Mass Spectrometry. Astrophysical Spectroscopy. Chromatography. LPAH Occurrence. Analytical Techniques for Structure Elucidation. Sample Preparation. Comparison of Methodologies. Appendix. Index.
£193.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Methods for MetaAnalysis in Medical Research
Book SynopsisWith meta-analysis methods playing a crucial role in health research in recent years, this important and clearly-written book provides a much-needed survey of the field. Meta-analysis provides a framework for combining the results of several clinical trials and drawing inferences about the effectiveness of medical treatments.Trade Review“Both books can be recommended for graduate training and are useful additions to the library of those interested in the meta-analytic accumulation of literatures on training, vocational learning, and education in the professions.” (Vocations and Learning, 15 December 2010) "This well-written book offers an exhaustive criticism and up-to-date references, illustrates effectively with real life examples and data…" (Journal of Statistical Computation & Simulation, July 2004) "this is an excellent book..." (Short Book Reviews, April 2001) "...recommended for mathematically skilled readers interested in getting an overview of the various methods and the existing literature..." (Statistics in Medicine, 15 October 2003) Table of ContentsPART A: META-ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY: THE BASICS Introduction: Meta-analysis: Its Development and Uses Defining Outcome Measures used for Combining via Meta-analysis Random Effects Models for Combining Study Estimates Exploring Between Study Heterogeneity Publication Bias Study Quality Sensitivity Analysis Reporting the Results of a Meta-analysis Fixed Effects Methods for Combining Study Estimates PART B: ADVANCED AND SPECIALIZED META-ANALYSIS TOPICS Bayesian Methods in Meta-analysis Meta Regression Meta-analysis of Different Types of Data Incorporating Study Quality into a Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of Multiple and Correlated Outcome Measures Meta-analysis of Epidemiological and other Observational Studies Generalised Synthesis of Evidence - Combining Different Sources of Evidence Meta-analysis of Survival Data Cumulative Meta-analysis Miscellaneous and Developing Areas of Applications in Meta-Analysis Appendix I: Software Used for the Examples in this Book
£97.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and
Book SynopsisREAD ALL ABOUT IT! David Spiegelhalter has recently joined the ranks of Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Stephen Hawking by becoming a fellow of the Royal Society.Originating from the Medical Research Council's biostatistics unit, David has played a leading role in the Bristol heart surgery and Harold Shipman inquiries. Order a copy of this author's comprehensive text TODAY! The Bayesian approach involves synthesising data and judgement in order to reach conclusions about unknown quantities and make predictions. Bayesian methods have become increasingly popular in recent years, notably in medical research, and although there are a number of books on Bayesian analysis, few cover clinical trials and biostatistical applications in any detail. Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation provides a valuable overview of this rapidly evolving field, including basic Bayesian ideas, prior distributions, clinical trials, observational studies, evidence synTrade Review"This is a terrific book and should be on the shelf of every professional that works in clinical trials or health-care evaluation. It gives a thorough pragmatic introduction to Bayesian methods for health-care interventions, provides many example along with data and software to reproduce the analyses, guides readers to areas where Bayesian methods are particularly valuable, and includes an excellent set of exercises." (Journal of the American Statistical Association, June 2009) "Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health-Care Evaluation' is a clear and comprehensive text for biostatisticians who want to understand and apply Bayesian statistical methods to clinical research." (Journal of Clinical Best Practices, Nov 2008) "…an indispensable resource for all students and investigators who plan to incorporate Bayesian methods into their research." (The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, January 2005) "...a valuable resource for libraries, and those who are involved in quantitative health care evaluation..." (Royal Statistical Society, Vol.168, No.1, January 2005) "...The technical material is presented in an accessible style, and the examples given clearly illustrate the principles under discussion..." (Short Book Reviews, Vol.24, No.3, December 2004) "...Bayesian analysis seems set to reach a wider audience with the publication of [this] introductory level text..." (Financial Times, 16 April 2004) "...very well laid-out and easy to follow...a very good resource for teaching students..." (Statistical Methods in Medical Research, Vol 14, 2005) "I would use with pleasure and interest this book as a textbook..." (Metron Journal, Vol.63, No.2, 2005) "...I can pay the authors no higher tribute than to say that I would be proud to have written this book. It is elegant and it is destined to becoming a classic in the field." (Statistics in Medicine, 15th July 2005) "...a generous supply of exercises...I recommend it very highly..." (Clinical Trials, No.1 2004) "...Bayesian analysis seems set to reach a wider audience with the publication of [this] introductory level text..." (Financial Times, 16 April 2004) "...a generous supply of exercises...I recommend it very highly..." (Clinical Trials, No.1 2004)Table of ContentsPreface. List of examples. 1. Introduction. 1.1 What are Bayesian methods? 1.2 What do we mean by ‘health-care evaluation’? 1.3 A Bayesian approach to evaluation. 1.4 The aim of this book and the intended audience. 1.5 Structure of the book. 2. Basic Concepts from Traditional Statistical Analysis. 2.1 Probability. 2.1.1 What is probability? 2.1.2 Odds and log-odds. 2.1.3 Bayes theorem for simple events. 2.2 Random variables, parameters and likelihood. 2.2.1 Random variables and their distributions. 2.2.2 Expectation, variance, covariance and correlation. 2.2.3 Parametric distributions and conditional independence. 2.2.4 Likelihoods. 2.3 The normal distribution. 2.4 Normal likelihoods. 2.4.1 Normal approximations for binary data. 2.4.2 Normal likelihoods for survival data. 2.4.3 Normal likelihoods for count responses. 2.4.4 Normal likelihoods for continuous responses. 2.5 Classical inference. 2.6 A catalogue of useful distributions*. 2.6.1 Binomial and Bernoulli. 2.6.2 Poisson. 2.6.3 Beta. 2.6.4 Uniform. 2.6.5 Gamma. 2.6.6 Root-inverse-gamma. 2.6.7 Half-normal. 2.6.8 Log-normal. 2.6.9 Student’s t. 2.6.10 Bivariate normal. 2.7 Key points. Exercises. 3. An Overview of the Bayesian Approach. 3.1 Subjectivity and context. 3.2 Bayes theorem for two hypotheses. 3.3 Comparing simple hypotheses: likelihood ratios and Bayes factors. 3.4 Exchangeability and parametric modelling*. 3.5 Bayes theorem for general quantities. 3.6 Bayesian analysis with binary data. 3.6.1 Binary data with a discrete prior distribution. 3.6.2 Conjugate analysis for binary data. 3.7 Bayesian analysis with normal distributions. 3.8 Point estimation, interval estimation and interval hypotheses. 3.9 The prior distribution. 3.10 How to use Bayes theorem to interpret trial results. 3.11 The ‘credibility’ of significant trial results*. 3.12 Sequential use of Bayes theorem*. 3.13 Predictions. 3.13.1 Predictions in the Bayesian framework. 3.13.2 Predictions for binary data*. 3.13.3 Predictions for normal data. 3.14 Decision-making. 3.15 Design. 3.16 Use of historical data. 3.17 Multiplicity, exchangeability and hierarchical models. 3.18 Dealing with nuisance parameters*. 3.18.1 Alternative methods for eliminating nuisance parameters*. 3.18.2 Profile likelihood in a hierarchical model*. 3.19 Computational issues. 3.19.1 Monte Carlo methods. 3.19.2 Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. 3.19.3 WinBUGS. 3.20 Schools of Bayesians. 3.21 A Bayesian checklist. 3.22 Further reading. 3.23 Key points. Exercises. 4. Comparison of Alternative Approaches to Inference. 4.1 A structure for alternative approaches. 4.2 Conventional statistical methods used in health-care evaluation. 4.3 The likelihood principle, sequential analysis and types of error. 4.3.1 The likelihood principle. 4.3.2 Sequential analysis. 4.3.3 Type I and Type II error. 4.4 P-values and Bayes factors*. 4.4.1 Criticism of P-values. 4.4.2 Bayes factors as an alternative to P-values: simple hypotheses. 4.4.3 Bayes factors as an alternative to P-values: composite hypotheses. 4.4.4 Bayes factors in preference studies. 4.4.5 Lindley’s paradox. 4.5 Key points. Exercises. 5. Prior Distributions. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Elicitation of opinion: a brief review. 5.2.1 Background to elicitation. 5.2.2 Elicitation techniques. 5.2.3 Elicitation from multiple experts. 5.3 Critique of prior elicitation. 5.4 Summary of external evidence*. 5.5 Default priors. 5.5.1 ‘Non-informative’ or ‘reference’ priors: 5.5.2 ‘Sceptical’ priors. 5.5.3 ‘Enthusiastic’ priors. 5.5.4 Priors with a point mass at the null hypothesis (‘lump-and-smear’ priors)*. 5.6 Sensitivity analysis and ‘robust’ priors. 5.7 Hierarchical priors. 5.7.1 The judgement of exchangeability. 5.7.2 The form for the random-effects distribution. 5.7.3 The prior for the standard deviation of the random effects*. 5.8 Empirical criticism of priors. 5.9 Key points. Exercises. 6. Randomised Controlled Trials. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Use of a loss function: is a clinical trial for inference or decision? 6.3 Specification of null hypotheses. 6.4 Ethics and randomisation: a brief review. 6.4.1 Is randomisation necessary? 6.4.2 When is it ethical to randomise? 6.5 Sample size of non-sequential trials. 6.5.1 Alternative approaches to sample-size assessment. 6.5.2 ‘Classical power’: hybrid classical-Bayesian methods assuming normality. 6.5.3 ‘Bayesian power’. 6.5.4 Adjusting formulae for different hypotheses. 6.5.5 Predictive distribution of power and necessary sample size. 6.6 Monitoring of sequential trials. 6.6.1 Introduction. 6.6.2 Monitoring using the posterior distribution. 6.6.3 Monitoring using predictions: ‘interim power’. 6.6.4 Monitoring using a formal loss function. 6.6.5 Frequentist properties of sequential Bayesian methods. 6.6.6 Bayesian methods and data monitoring committees. 6.7 The role of ‘scepticism’ in confirmatory studies. 6.8 Multiplicity in randomised trials. 6.8.1 Subset analysis. 6.8.2 Multi-centre analysis. 6.8.3 Cluster randomization. 6.8.4 Multiple endpoints and treatments. 6.9 Using historical controls*. 6.10 Data-dependent allocation. 6.11 Trial designs other than two parallel groups. 6.12 Other aspects of drug development. 6.13 Further reading. 6.14 Key points. Exercises. 7. Observational Studies. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Alternative study designs. 7.3 Explicit modelling of biases. 7.4 Institutional comparisons. 7.5 Key points. Exercises. 8. Evidence Synthesis. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 ‘Standard’ meta-analysis. 8.2.1 A Bayesian perspective. 8.2.2 Some delicate issues in Bayesian meta-analysis. 8.2.3 The relationship between treatment effect and underlying risk. 8.3 Indirect comparison studies. 8.4 Generalised evidence synthesis. 8.5 Further reading. 8.6 Key points. Exercises. 9. Cost-effectiveness, Policy-Making and Regulation. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Contexts. 9.3 ‘Standard’ cost-effectiveness analysis without uncertainty. 9.4 ‘Two-stage’ and integrated approaches to uncertainty in cost-effectiveness modeling. 9.5 Probabilistic analysis of sensitivity to uncertainty about parameters: two-stage approach. 9.6 Cost-effectiveness analyses of a single study: integrated approach. 9.7 Levels of uncertainty in cost-effectiveness models. 9.8 Complex cost-effectiveness models. 9.8.1 Discrete-time, discrete-state Markov models. 9.8.2 Micro-simulation in cost-effectiveness models. 9.8.3 Micro-simulation and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. 9.8.4 Comprehensive decision modeling. 9.9 Simultaneous evidence synthesis and complex cost-effectiveness modeling. 9.9.1 Generalised meta-analysis of evidence. 9.9.2 Comparison of integrated Bayesian and two-stage approach. 9.10 Cost-effectiveness of carrying out research: payback models. 9.10.1 Research planning in the public sector. 9.10.2 Research planning in the pharmaceutical industry. 9.10.3 Value of information. 9.11 Decision theory in cost-effectiveness analysis, regulation and policy. 9.12 Regulation and health policy. 9.12.1 The regulatory context. 9.12.2 Regulation of pharmaceuticals. 9.12.3 Regulation of medical devices. 9.13 Conclusions. 9.14 Key points. Exercises. 10. Conclusions and Implications for Future Research. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 General advantages and problems of a Bayesian approach. 10.3 Future research and development. Appendix: Websites and Software. A.1 The site for this book. A.2 Bayesian methods in health-care evaluation. A.3 Bayesian software. A.4 General Bayesian sites. References. Index.
£60.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Proteomic Applications in Cancer Detection and
Book SynopsisBridging the knowledge gap between scientists that develop and apply proteomics technologies and oncologists who focus on understanding the biological basis behind cancer manifestation and progression, this title provides an account of how the multiple facets of proteomics have been applied to cancer.Trade Review“By guiding readers through the latest proteomic technologies and their applications in cancer research, “Proteomic Applications in Cancer Detection and Discovery" enhances the ability of researchers in proteomics and researchers in oncology to collaborate in order to better understand cancer and develop strategies to prevent and treat it.” (Newbooks.lib, 11 September 2014Table of ContentsPreface vii Acknowledgments ix 1 Systems Biology 1 2 Mass Spectrometry in Cancer Research 27 3 Quantitative Proteomics 59 4 Proteomic Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications 87 5 Characterization of Protein Complexes 117 6 Global Phosphorylation Analysis 145 7 the Search for Biomarkers in Biofluids 171 8 Proteomic Patterns: a New Paradigm in Diagnostics And Therapeutics? 195 9 the Emergence of Protein Arrays 215 10 the Role of Proteomics in Personalized Medicine 241 11 the Critical Role of Bioinformatics 263 12 Future Prospects of Proteomics in Cancer Research 281 Index 305
£71.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Applied Survival Analysis
Book SynopsisTHE MOST PRACTICAL, UP-TO-DATE GUIDE TO MODELLING AND ANALYZING TIME-TO-EVENT DATANOW IN A VALUABLE NEW EDITION Since publication of the first edition nearly a decade ago, analyses using time-to-event methods have increase considerably in all areas of scientific inquiry mainly as a result of model-building methods available in modern statistical software packages. However, there has been minimal coverage in the available literature to9 guide researchers, practitioners, and students who wish to apply these methods to health-related areas of study. Applied Survival Analysis, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to regression modeling for time-to-event data in medical, epidemiological, biostatistical, and other health-related research. This book places a unique emphasis on the practical and contemporary applications of regression modeling rather than the mathematical theory. It offers a clear and accessible presentation of modern modeling tTrade Review“This is a great book for anyone analyzing time-to-event data. Researchers interested in the underlying theory will have to go elsewhere..” (Stat Papers, 1 December 2012) "It is well suited for teaching a graduate-level course in medical statistics, and the data sets used in the book are available online." (Biometrical Journal, August 2009) "This is a superb resource - a practical guide with up-to-date applications. The authors are excellent teachers of the mathematics and application of survival data regression modeling." (Doodys, August 2009) "The extensive and detailed coverage of the process of survival model fitting, as well as the applied exercises, make this textbook an excellent choice for an applied survival analysis course." (Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, Volume 18, Issue 6, 2008)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1. Introduction to Regression Modeling of Survival Data 1 2. Descriptive Methods for Survival Data 16 3. Regression Models for Survival Data 67 4. Interpretation of a Fitted Proportional Hazards Regression Model 92 5. Model Development 132 6. Assessment of Model Adequacy 169 7. Extensions of the Proportional Hazards Model 207 8. Parametric Regression Models 244 9. Other Models and Topics 286 Appendix 1: The Delta Method 355 Appendix 2: An Introduction to the Counting Process Approach to Survival Analysis 359 Appendix 3: Percentiles for Computation of the Hall and Wellner Confidence Band 364 References 365 Index 383
£116.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Epidemiological Research Methods
Book SynopsisThe concepts of epidemiology, the science that uses statistical methods to investigate associations between risk factors and disease outcomes in human populations, are developed using examples involving real data from published studies.Table of ContentsEpidemiological Research. Statistical Methods I. Statistical Methods II. Mantel-Haenzel Methods. Logistic Regression. Logistic Regression II. Survival Analysis. Matching. Sample Size. Appendix. Index.
£105.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Survival Analysis with LongTerm Survivors
Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to suggest and exemplify a systematic methodology for analysing survival data which contains immune, or cured individuals, denoted generically as long-term survivors. Such data occurs in medical and epidemiological applications, where the intention may be to identify whether or not cured or immune individuals are present in a population, perhaps as a result of treatments given; in the analysis of recidivism data in criminology, where the intentions are similar with respect to prisoners released from and possibly returning to prison; and in many other areas where followup data is available on individuals, with the possibility that not all suffer the event under investigation. Both nonparametric and parametric methods are proposed and developed. The effects of covariate information can be assessed via a kind of generalised linear framework in the parametric analyses. The proposed methodologies are supported by asymptotic analyses and simulations of real situationsTrade Review"The book contains an admirable blend of theory and practice beingclearly explained and illustrated with realistic examples ofsurvival analyses from medical and criminological studies." "...an introduction to the analysis of survival data..." (Quarterlyof Applied Mathematics, Vol. LVIII, No. 4,December 2000)Table of ContentsFormulating Tests for the Presence of Immunes and SufficientFollow-up. Properties of the Kaplan-Meier Estimator. Nonparametric Estimation and Testing. Parametric Models for Single Samples. The Use of Concomitant Information. Large Sample Properties of Parametric Models: Single Samples. Large-Sample Properties of Parametric Models with Covariates. Further Topics. References. Statistical Tables. Index.
£202.46
John Wiley & Sons Inc Research in Health Care Practical Approach to the
Book SynopsisThis volume provides health care professionals with a comprehensive but readable guide to the design, conduct and interpretation of health services research. It strips the research process of its technical jargon, illuminating the methods of research by an extensive use of real examples.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Health Services Research. The Foundations of Research. Developing the Research Question. Reviewing the Literature. Case Reports and Case Series. Surveys. Cohort Studies. Clinical Trials. Case-Control Studies. Other Methods of Research. Selecting the Method. Related Disciplines. Issues in Data Collection. Practical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Studies. Introduction to Data Analysis and Interpretation. Communicating the Findings. Index.
£95.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modern Strategy for Preclinical Pharmaceutical Rd
Book SynopsisThe twentieth century has been a great success for modern medicine, and has resulted in the generation of a plethora of drugs to treat most common illnesses. However, in the light of increasing regulatory demands, spiralling costs and diminishing commercial returns, the question of how, when, where and whether to conduct pharmaceutical R&D has profound implications, and not just for those within the pharmaceutical industry. In response to these and other dilemmas, the authors define the processes involved in drug research, and examine the advantages and disadvantages of collaborative methods of drug research, and examine the roles that academia, CROs, small biotechnology companies and research boutiques, and possibly even the virtual research company might play as contractors and collaborators.Table of ContentsThe Pharmaceutical Development Process. The Advantages of Contracts and Collaborations. The Disadvantages of Contracts and Collaborations. The Role of Academic Institutes. The Role of CROs and Small Research Companies. Towards the Virtual Research Company. References. Index.
£202.46
