Language: reference and general Books

Book SynopsisA handy little language aid designed to be carried by Cornish learners at all times. The booklet offers basic Cornish grammar rules, as well as everyday phrases and a collection of the most commonly used Cornish words.

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Book SynopsisFeaturing Latinate and Celtic words, weasel words and nonce-words, ancient words ('loaf') to cutting edge ('twittersphere') and spanning the indispensable words that shape our tongue ('and', 'what') to the more fanciful ('fopdoodle'), Crystal takes us along the winding byways of language via the rude, the obscure and the downright surprising. In this unique new history of the world's most ubiquitous language, linguistics expert David Crystal draws on words that best illustrate the huge variety of sources, influences and events that have helped to shape our vernacular since the first definitively English word was written down in the fifth century ('roe', in case you are wondering).Trade ReviewCrystal's book is full of distractions and delights * Daily Express *One of [Crystal's] best ... it builds gradually into a kind of linguistic tapestry, packed with abstruse information, wonderfully readable * Spectator *If the history of language is a sort of labyrinth, David Crystal is an excellent guide * The Age, Australia *Delicious revelations ... Crystal does an excellent job, not just of tracing the etymology of a word, but of relating it to social history, painting a picture of our times through words * Independent on Sunday *

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Book SynopsisMastering Arabic Script: A Guide to Handwriting teaches Arabic handwriting in the form universally used by adult native speakers (riq''a) and compares it with naskh, the usual printed form. There are three parts to the book covering: the basic letter shapes, combinations of letters and an additional extended writing section. Clear examples, a wealth of practice material, insider tips from a leading expert, and lively activities and photos make the book easy to follow and enjoyable to work through. The book can be used to supplement the popular Mastering Arabic course or independently from it.

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Book SynopsisThis highly illustrated textbook is both a reference and activity book for all beginners and early intermediate students of Arabic. As a reference book, it provides friendly theme-based vocabulary lists to perfect pronunciation through both listening and repetition. As an activity book, it helps absorb and practise vocabulary through a variety of engaging exercises. Each of the units in the book is divided into two sections with the first section suitable for early beginners, and the second section for late beginners or early intermediate students. Each section presents key vocabulary followed by a wide range of activities. This book assumes a reasonable knowledge of the Arabic script and basic grammar, and is intended for beginners and early intermediate students to back up learning elsewhere. Vocabulary acquisition and pronunciation are both important but sometimes tricky aspects of learning Arabic, and this book aims to help overcome this.

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Book SynopsisLearn the 1100 most common and useful English words in a format that enhances memorization!For decades students preparing for the SAT, ACT, GRE, and other standardized tests have relied on Barron's 1100 Words You Need to Know as an ideal way to strengthen their word power. These flashcards present the book's trusted methods in a convenient, take-along format.The cards present a 46-week program and are organized by theme. On each card, you will find: The theme designation Phonetic pronunciation Classification (verb, noun, adjective, etc.) Definition A sample sentence

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Book SynopsisWhere is 'Outwith' and who is Bruno? How is he connected? Soon he will meet the boy in striped pyjamas and befriend him. But why must the boy stay behind the wire?Trade Review`My class of naughty Year 8s have been transformed by this book - they have LOVED reading it so much that a couple of them suggested that instead of moving on to the next unit (which is on animation, usually a sure-fire winner) we should just re-read the book. ' TES Staffroom `The students were totally bowled over by it.' Ms Theobald, Head of English, Slough Grammar School

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Book SynopsisGet It Right: Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar provides an accessible introduction to the basics of spelling, punctuation and grammar for 11-14 year old students. This series offers a comprehensive package of teaching and practice in one and focuses on what students need to know to write fluently and accurately, as well as helping to prepare students for the demands of further English study. Each workbook also has a clear focus on grammar in context; the contextualised activities encourage students to apply grammar knowledge to their analysis of a range of carefully-selected, engaging source texts.Get It Right: Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar Workbook 3 builds on Workbooks 1 and 2 and is the ideal resource for students'' taking their next steps in understanding spelling, punctuation and grammar.

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Book SynopsisThis is a thoroughly revised edition of Tuttle''s best-selling Japanese kanji flash cards.Flash cards have long been a great way to learn Japanese. The 448 kanji in this set are those prescribed by the Japanese Ministry of Education for the first three grades of Japanese language school. These Japanese flash cards are a convenient way of gradually increasing the number of kanji you can recognize and use. Their compact format makes learning Japanese easy and fun as you go about your daily routine and indexes allow you to sort and use the cards in various ways. The front of each card shows a single kanji character in a large, clear typeface, primary and listing radicals, commonly used kanji compounds and cross-references. On its reverse are the basic readings and English meanings for the character. Contains 448 kanji flashcards plus a 16-page index booklet. Learn 448 main words plus 1,792 related terms and 2,240 basic vocabulary items. Romanized

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Book SynopsisThis English-language edition of Walter Bauer's "Worterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments" includes entries for many more words and over 25,000 additional references to classical, intertestamental, early Christian and modern literature.

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Book SynopsisIn this ingenious and diverse collection of 366 stories, events and facts about language, David Crystal presents a selection of insights from literary and linguistic writers, poets and global institutions, together with the weird and wonderful creations of language enthusiasts to enliven each day of the year. The day-by-day treatment illustrates the extraordinary breadth of the subject, from ‘Morse Code Day’ to ‘Talk Like William Shatner Day’, from forensic phonetics used to catch serial killers to heroines of speed reading, and covers writers from many different eras and cultures, including William Shakespeare, Oscar Wilde, Emily Dickinson, Toni Morrison, R. K. Narayan, Wole Soyinka and many more. Some days focus on pronunciation, orthography, grammar or vocabulary. Others focus on the way language is used in science, religion, politics, broadcasting, publishing, the Internet and the arts. There are days that acknowledge the achievements of language study, such as in language teaching, speech therapy, deaf education and forensic science, as well as technological progress, from the humble pencil to digital software. Several days celebrate individual languages, such as those recognised as ‘official’ by the United Nations, but not forgetting those spoken by small communities, along with their associated cultural identities. A celebration of the remarkable creativity of all who have illuminated our understanding of language, this book is ideal for anyone wanting to add an extra point of interest to their language day.Table of ContentsPREFACE vi A DATE WITH LANGUAGE 1 APPENDIX 368 REFERENCES 369 INDEX 387

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Book SynopsisMost of the Bible''s verses that occur in Aramaic are in Ezra and Daniel, a linguistic occurrence that developed as a result of Israel''s exile in Babylon. Totaling 269 verses, Aramaic is key language students of the Old Testament will need to master.Basics of Biblical Aramaic, Second Edition by Miles V. Van Pelt is designed for students who are already familiar with biblical Hebrew and now want to obtain a working knowledge of biblical Aramaic in a single semester. Thus, the grammar is designed for scholars or comparative linguistic analysis, but for all students who wish to faithfully study, teach, and preach the Old Testament.Modeled on Miles Van Pelt''s bestselling Basics of Biblical Hebrew, Basics of Biblical Aramaic, Second Edition includes: Thorough explanation of Aramaic''s grammatical conventions Chapter exercises A complete lexicon of Aramaic words found in the Bible An annotated text of all 269 Bi

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together leading experts from a variety of fields to critically evaluate the extent to which global norms on freedom of expression and information have been established and which actors and institutions have contributed to their diffusion.Trade ReviewWill freedom of expression survive the twenty-first century? Bollinger and Callamard offer an essential primer on how the interpretation, violation, and defense of this core human right continue to evolve. In each essay, top experts address specific challenges and opportunities. This volume is required reading for anybody working to defend and protect free speech in today’s digitally networked world. -- Rebecca MacKinnon, author of Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet FreedomThis collection establishes a rigorous idea of global norms of freedom of expression. Headed by Lee C. Bollinger and Agnès Callamard, it is a rallying cry for continued attention to global norms of freedom of expression and a celebration of the global project of freedom of expression at Columbia. -- Monroe Price, author of Free Expression, Globalism, and the New Strategic CommunicationAt this existential moment when freedom of expression is under attack globally and the law weaponized to silence independent journalism, we need an authoritative public record of how free speech is protected as a universal human right and to be reminded of its many defenders globally. That’s what this volume provides: a sweeping, rigorous, and balanced compendium of the nature and extent of these protections and their key actors, grounded clearly in diverse viewpoints—a vibrant reminder that freedom of speech is ours to defend or lose. -- Maria A. Ressa, CEO and executive editor, RapplerRegardless of Frontiers explores the extent to which the global norms, values, and systems around free expression are under duress. And it is a timely reminder of the major implications, set against the background of how the free flow of information is facilitated in practice. -- Jonathan Peters, University of Georgia, press freedom correspondent for the Columbia Journalism ReviewU.S. teachers and researchers who are beginning to explore international communication law more closely and those who have been doing so for a while will learn a great deal from this book, including the ways that “soft power,” often undervalued in U.S. law, has considerable influence internationally. * Journalism and Mass Communication Educator *Table of ContentsPreface: The Idea of Global Norms of Freedom of Speech and Press, by Lee C. BollingerIntroduction: Regardless of Frontiers? Global Freedom of Expression Norms for a Troubled World, by Agnès CallamardFreedom of Expression and Three Concepts of the Global, by Frederick SchauerPart I: A Global Threshold1. Global Norms on Media Regulation: The Devil Is in the Detail, by Toby Mendel2. The Right of Access to Information Held by Public Authorities: Emergence as a Global Norm, by Sandra Coliver3. The Protection of Political Expression, by Nani Jansen Reventlow and Jonathan McCully4. International, Regional, and National Approaches to the Protection of Reputation and Freedom of Expression, by Peter Noorlander5. Is There a Global Norm for the Protection of Journalists’ Sources?, by Richard DanburyPart II: Intergovernmental Institutions and International Actors as Norm Entrepreneurs 6. The Norm Entrepreneurship of the United Nations, by Tarlach McGonagle and Emmanuel Vargas Penagos7. On “Balancing” and “Social Watchdogs”: The European Court of Human Rights as a Norm Entrepreneur for Freedom of Expression, by Jan Oster8. The Role of the Inter-American Human Rights System in the Emergence and Development of Global Norms on Freedom of Expression, by Catalina Botero-Marino9. The African Human Rights System: A New Actor of Normative Integration, by Catherine Anite10. Globalizing the Battle Against Impunity, by Joel Simon and Elisabeth WitchelPart III: Conflicts, Competition, Antiglobalization11. Norms in Conflict: The Restraints on the Emergence of a Global Free Speech Norm, by Agnès Callamard and Sejal Parmar12. Making Choices: Social Media Platforms and Freedom of Expression Norms, by Chinmayi Arun13. China, Information Technology, and Global Freedom of Expression: A Story of Sovereignty and Global Capitalism, by Séverine Arsène14. The Rise of Global Counternorms, by Alexander CooleyPart IV: Interactive Global Jurisprudence15. New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, by Hawley Johnson16. Handyside v. the United Kingdom, by Amalie Bang17. Claude Reyes et al. v. Chile: A Global Trailblazer, by Sofía Jaramillo-Otoya18. Lohé Issa Konaté v. Burkina Faso: A Tipping Point for Decriminalization of Defamation in Africa, by Hawley Johnson19. Fast, Far, and Deep: The Journey of the Right to Be Forgotten, by Bach AvezdjanovList of ContributorsIndex

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Book SynopsisLearn the Essentials of Biblical Greek So You Can Study the New Testament More DeeplyThis newly revised third edition of Greek for the Rest of Us by Greek instructor William Mounce is crash-course on Greek for the rest of us that acquaints the reader with the essentials of the language so they can study the New Testament more deeply. Readers will gain a sound knowledge of the fundamentals of Greek and learn how to use tools that will add muscle to their Bible studies.In Greek for the Rest of Us readers will learn to: Read and pronounce Greek words Learn the fundamentals of the Greek noun and verb system Conduct effective Greek word studies Learn the basics of Greek exegesis for biblical interpretation Understand why translations are different Read better commentaries Be comfortable using reverse and traditional interlinears Understand the information displayed by biblical software For anyone interested in seriously studying the New Testament, Greek for the Rest of Us is your gateway to learning the skills and tools you need to accomplish your goals. You can enhance your learning experience even more with the Greek for the Rest Us Workbook (sold separately) which contains exercises to help practice and reinforce the concepts you are learning in the main book.

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Book SynopsisA WORKBOOK to Help You Learn the Essentials of Biblical Greek So You Can Study the New Testament More DeeplyThe Greek for the Rest of Us Workbook is a companion to Greek for the Rest of Us, Third Edition (sold separately) by William D. Mounce. This workbook provides exercises to help readers practice and review, so they learn the essentials of biblical Greek more effectively and can study the New Testament more deeply.Greek for the Rest of Us, Third Edition is crash-course on Greek for the rest of us that acquaints the reader with the essentials of the language so they can study the New Testament more deeply. Readers will gain a sound knowledge of the fundamentals of Greek and learn how to use tools that will add muscle to their Bible studies.Readers using the Greek for the Rest of Us Workbook in conjunction with Greek for the Rest of Us, Third Edition will learn to:Read and pronounce Gree

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Book SynopsisAimed at anyone who wants to increase their chance of getting a top grade in Italian exams.Upgrade your Italian offers a thirty-day revision programme that is guaranteed to improve results.Spending between 30 minutes and an hour each day with this book in the countdown to an exam will help towards a better grade.This short revision guide focuses on three key strategies for upgrading your exam results:- Eliminating basic errors and slips of the pen- Increasing and consolidating your vocabulary- Improving the style and quality of your ItalianTrade ReviewFor A-level (or equivalent) students pressed for time this is the best possible aid to revision since it concentrates on identifying the most common basic errors and the most useful vocabularly. It is obvious that it has been written by a first rate teacher who knows all about whetting her students' appetites and then not overfeeding them. The 30 "One day-at-a-time" chapters were just perfect for me. And I am still learning a lot from this, my constant companion.Victor Bleaze A reader from BelfastTable of ContentsDay 1 Basic errors: article/ noun/adjective agreement; agreement with participles used as adjectives.Day 2 Vocabulary: describing peopleDay 3 Basic errors: relative clauses. Chi vs che, using il che, using il/la cuiDay 4 Vocabulary: leisure and youth cultureDay 5 Basic errors: agreement with Molto, troppo and poco. Migliore vs meglio. Using tutto, ogni, qualche and un po'Day 6 Vocabulary: the media: television and the pressDay 7 Basic errors: time expressionsDay 8 Vocabulary: the arts: music, literature, cinemaDay 9 Basic errors: piacere and other impersonal verbsDay 10 Vocabulary: historyDay 11 Basic errors: past tense; passato prossimo vs imperfettoDay 12 Vocabulary: geographyDay 13 Basic errors: using the subjunctiveDay 14 Vocabulary: modern Italian society; features and problemsDay 15 Basic errors: passive sentences: using venire and andareDay 16 Style: rhetorical signpostsDay 17 Basic errors: gerund vs infinitiveDay 18 Vocabulary: politics and current affairsDay 19 Basic errors: imperatives and pronounsDay 20 Vocabulary: the environmentDay 21 Basic errors: impersonal constructions with si and modal verbsDay 22 Vocabulary: educationDay 23 Basic errors: if clauses and conditional expressionsDay 24 Style: dialogue and reported speechDay 25 Basic errors: using the past historic and the future of possibilityDay 26 Vocabulary: healthDay 27 Basic errors: minor points; using possessives and articles + prepositions correctlyDay 28 Style: false friendsDay 29 Vocabulary: revisionDay 30 Basic errors: revision

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Book SynopsisWriting Systems and Phonetics provides students with a critical understanding of the writing systems of the world. Beginning by exploring the spelling of English, including how it arose and how it works today, the book goes on to address over 60 major languages from around the globe and includes detailed descriptions and worked examples of writing systems which foreground the phonetics of these languages. Key areas covered include: the use of the Latin alphabet in and beyond Europe; writing systems of the eastern Mediterranean, Greek and its Cyrillic offshoot, Arabic and Hebrew; languages in south and south-east Asia, including Hindi, Tamil, Burmese and Thai, as well as in east Asia, including Chinese, Japanese and Korean; reflections on ancient languages such as Sumerian, Egyptian, Linear B and Mayan; a final chapter which sets out a typology of writing systems. All of the languages covered are contextualised by authentic illustrations, including road signs, personal names and tables, to demonstrate how theoretical research can be applied to the real world.Taking a unique geographical focus that guides the reader on a journey across time and continents, this book offers an engaging introduction for students approaching for the first time the phonetics of writing systems, their typology and the origins of scripts.Trade ReviewOver the last decades, writing systems have become the step-child of Linguistics, even though the interaction between pronunciation and writing is an intricate and complex field that has great insights to offer. When scholars do examine writing systems, they tend to focus on their history or on western, alphabetic systems. 'Writing Systems and Phonetics', by Alan Cruttenden, one of the world's leading phoneticians, is a clear and convincing introduction to a wide variety of systems from all over the world, explaining how they work synchronically as well as how they came about historically. Professor Cruttenden's approach makes this book accessible to those who have never worked on writing systems before, but the seasoned scholar of orthographies will benefit from it just as much.Professor Wolfgang De Melo, University of OxfordThe difference between language and script is one that is quite hard to explain to students, at least initially. This attractive book navigates the complexities in a way which is to be expected from a scholar of Professor Cruttenden’s standing. It begins by exploring English spelling in relation to historical changes in pronunciation and uses the lessons learned to explain similar problems and how they are solved in other European and beyond, engaging fully with such writing systems as those of Arabic, Chinese and even ancient Egyptian. It will be essential reading for students of Linguistics.Professor John Healey, University of Manchester"Over the last decades, writing systems have become the step-child of Linguistics, even though the interaction between pronunciation and writing is an intricate and complex field that has great insights to offer. When scholars do examine writing systems, they tend to focus on their history or on western, alphabetic systems. 'Writing Systems and Phonetics', by Alan Cruttenden, one of the world's leading phoneticians, is a clear and convincing introduction to a wide variety of systems from all over the world, explaining how they work synchronically as well as how they came about historically. Professor Cruttenden's approach makes this book accessible to those who have never worked on writing systems before, but the seasoned scholar of orthographies will benefit from it just as much."Professor Wolfgang De Melo, University of Oxford, UK"The difference between language and script is one that is quite hard to explain to students, at least initially. This attractive book navigates the complexities in a way which is to be expected from a scholar of Professor Cruttenden’s standing. It begins by exploring English spelling in relation to historical changes in pronunciation and uses the lessons learned to explain similar problems and how they are solved in other European countries and beyond, engaging fully with such writing systems as those of Arabic, Chinese and even ancient Egyptian. It will be essential reading for students of Linguistics."Professor John Healey, University of Manchester, UKTable of ContentsList of TablesList of FiguresAcknowledgementsIntroductionTechnical terms and symbolsChapter 1. English spellingChapter 2. Latin-based alphabets in European languagesChapter 3. Latin-based alphabets outside EuropeChapter 4. Greek, Cyrillic and related alphabetsChapter 5. Hebrew, Arabic and related alphabetsChapter 6. South and south-east Asian alphabetsChapter 7. East Asian scriptsChapter 8. The world’s earliest writing and its deciphermentChapter 9. More early writing and its deciphermentChapter 10. A typology of writing systemsBibliographyAppendix 1. International Phonetic AlphabetAppendix 2. Some basic variables in writing systemsAppendix 3. Writing materialsIndex

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Book SynopsisKorean: An Essential Grammar is a concise and convenient guide to the basic grammatical structure of standard Korean. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging Grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Korean in short, readable sections.Key features include: clear explanations of grammatical terms frequent use of authentic examples the Korean alphabet used alongside McCune-Reischauer romanization system a full glossary of explanations. Trade Review"I think the book serves considerably more than a pedagogical function, and will be a valued descriptive and data resource for anyone who is curious about how this language is organized. It also will be a source of inspiration for graduate students in linguistics, who increasingly are pursuing projects on the structural aspects of Korean... I think this is a fine, careful contribution to the scholarship on Korean, from both linguistic and pedagogical perspectives, and I expect it to rank among the most influential, most accessible English-language expositions on Korean."- Gregory K. Iverson, University of Maryland; The Journal of Asian Studies; Volume 69/3, August 2010'I am writing to thank you for "Korean - An Essential Grammar", Routledge, 2009. I had the great fortune to discover it two weeks ago and even at first glance it was clear I had found a small treasure. Since then I have been using every spare moment to fly through it, as though it were a thriller novel. Because it has been thrilling. The clarity and precision of your writing combined with skillful treatment of meanings, historical perspectives, and sufficient examples (thanks for the English-grammar instruction too!) have made this book into a 'page-turner' for me - right through to the last word.I am not a linguist, nor likely ever to be one. But if anything can bring home the excitement of understanding the structure of a language, it is this beautiful primer of yours. It will remain in close reach as a reference.'- Don Lacy, CustomerTable of ContentsPreface List of Abbreviations and Notations Glossary 0. Introduction Korean and its speakers 1. Writing system 2.1. History 2.2. Inventory 2.3. Romanization 2. Pronunciation 2.1. The Syllable 2.2. Consonants 2.3. Vowels 2.4. Intonation 3. Sentence 3.1. The elements of a simple sentence 3.1.1. Subject 3.1.2. Object 3.1.2. Predicate 3.2. Sentence patterns 3.3. Basic word order 4. Words 4.1. Types of vocabulary 4.2. Expanding words 5. Verbs 5.1. Action verbs 5.2. Descriptive verbs 5.3. Two kinds of ‘be’ 5.4. Making new verbs 5.5. Marking time and aspect 5.6. Honorification 5.6.1. Subject honorification 5.6.2. Addressee honorification 5.6.3. Reference honorification 5.7. Causatives and passives 6. Nouns, pronouns, classifiers, noun phrases 6.1. Proper and common nouns 6.2. Pronouns 6.3. Numerals and numeral classifiers 6.3. Making new nouns 6.4. Making noun phrases 6.5. Noun compounds 6.6. Word order in noun phrases 6.7. Case marking 7. Modifiers 7.1 Adverbs 7.2 Noun modifiers 7.3 Deictics 8. Mimetic words 8.1. Reduplication 8.2. Vowel 9. Negation 9.1. Short-form 9.2. Long-form 10. Expanded sentences 10.1. Compound sentences 10.2. Complex sentences 11. Casual speech 12. Linguistic protocol 12.1. Choosing the appropriate speech form 12.2. Honorific readjustments and politeness strategies 12.3. Language, ideology, and society Glossary of terms with explanations List of particles, suffixes, and sentential endings Further reading

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Book SynopsisBasic Portuguese: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume.Twenty units cover the core material which students can expect to encounter in their first year of learning Portuguese. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning.Clearly presented and user-friendly, Basic Portuguese provides readers with a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of Portuguese grammar.Table of Contents1. Nouns 2.Articles 3. Numbers, times and dates 4. Subject pronouns and regular verbs 5. Present tense: irregular verbs 6. Interrogatives 7. Negatives 8. Ser and Estar 9. Demonstratives 10. Adjectives and adverbs 11. Comparatives and superlatives 12. Direct object pronouns 13. Indirect object pronouns 14. Reflexive pronouns and verbs 15. Possessive pronouns and adjectives 16. Present perfect tense 17. The preterite tense 18. The imperfect tense 19. The preterite tense vs the imperfect tense 20. The past perfect and the pluperfect tense Key to exercises Bibliography Glossary of grammatical terms Index

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Book SynopsisThe Ottoman Empire stood at a crossroads of intercontinental trade, stretching from the Balkans and the Black Sea region through the present day Middle East and most of the North African coast for six centuries up to World War I. The articles in this volume by a leading economic historian examine its economic institutions, the long term performance of the Ottoman economy and explore the reasons for the longevity of this large empire. Until recently, historiography had depicted an empire in decline after the 16th century. These articles argue, however, that the Ottoman state and society showed considerable ability to reorganize and adapt to changing circumstances through selective institutional change, well before the reforms of the nineteenth century. They also make the case that, until the 19th century, standards of living in many parts of the empire were not very different from those prevailing in most parts of continental Europe.Trade Review’The collection will be particularly welcome to historians of the Ottoman Empire - or at least those who are not themselves economic historians - as most of the articles originally appeared in journals outside their usual area of study and so will probably have escaped their notice.’ Journal of Islamic StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Introduction; Institutional change and the longevity of the Ottoman Empire, 1500-1800; Ottoman interventionism in economic and monetary affairs; The Ottoman monetary system and frontier territories in Europe, 1500-1700; The evolution of financial institutions in the Ottoman Empire, 1600-1914; The price revolution in the Ottoman Empire reconsidered; Prices in the Ottoman Empire, 1469-1914; In the absence of domestic currency: debased European coinage in the 17th-century Ottoman Empire; The great Ottoman debasement, 1808-1844: a political economy framework; From debasement to external borrowing: changing forms of deficit finance in the Ottoman Empire, 1750-1914; The Middle East in 19th century world trade; Anatolia and Egypt during the 19th century: a comparison of foreign trade and foreign investment; The Ottoman Empire in the 'Great Depression' of 1873-1896; The Ottoman economy in World War I; Real wages and standards of living in the Ottoman Empire, 1489-1914; Estimating economic growth in the Middle East since 1820. Index.

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Book SynopsisJohn Law is concerned here with the administration of the Venetian state in the late 14th and 15th centuries, and specifically with its possessions on the mainland of Italy. These gave Venice dangerously exposed and lengthy land frontiers, and also included a number of cities whose loyalties were not to be taken for granted. Verona, Friuli and the Trentino are the focus of several articles, while others look at the people and families involved, and at Venice''s relations with its powerful neighbours, from Milan to Hungary. The studies demonstrate the substantial nature of Venetian involvement with the ''Terraferma'', well-established by the start of the 15th century, and examine the impact on the Venetian government itself of these mainland dominions.Trade Review'This collection embodies one of the most significant developments in recent writing on the Venetian state...remarkably useful ...these essays form an eye-opening introduction to the neglected subject regions of Venice...The specially written introduction is a superlative compression of the major historiographical developments of the last forty years.' History 'Individually, (the essays) present valuable insights into the politics and society of terraferma communities from Verona to Friuli during the period of Venice's mainland expansion. Collectively, they are a healthy corrective to the insularity and exclusivity of so much twentieth-century writing on the history of Venice.... essential reading for the next generation of Venetianists.' Renaissance StudiesTable of ContentsContents: Introduction; The Venetian mainland state in the 15th century; Un confronto fra due stati ’rinascimentali’: Venezia e il dominio sforzesco; Age qualification and the Venetian constitution: the case of the Capello family; Relations between Venice and the provinces of the mainland; A clerical chronicler of c. 1400: Clemente Miari of Belluno; Venice and the problem of sovereignty in the Patria del Friuli, 1421; Venetian rule in the Patria del Friuli in the early 15th century: problems of justification; La caduta degli Scaligeri; Venice, Verona and the della Scala after 1405; Verona and the Venetian state in the 15th century; The beginnings of Venetian rule in Verona; Venice and the ’closing’ of the Veronese constitution in 1405; ’Super differentiis agitatis Venetiis inter districtuales et civitatem’: Venezia, Verona e il contado nel ’400; Lo Stato veneziano e le castellanìe di Verona; The Cittadella of Verona; A new frontier: Venice and the Trentino in the early 15th century; Index.

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Book SynopsisGeneral extenders are everyday features of spoken language that have gone virtually unnoticed in linguistics, but are crucial to successful communication. This pioneering work provides a comprehensive analysis of this new linguistic category, offering a valuable resource for researchers and students in linguistics, and language educators.

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Book SynopsisOriginally from Queens, New York, Leo entered the field more than 20 years ago. Over the years, he has worked as a teacher, program administrator and director, project manager, proficiency rater/examiner, and consultant. In the area of educational technology, he has led the design, development, and successful implementation of online language learning platforms for diverse constituents, including a large international telecommunications company and a network of international universities. He has also instituted large-scale, nationwide blended learning programs for government agencies as well as technology-centred curricula at several language centres. Leo has authored/co-authored more than 20 publications and regularly presents at international conferences.Table of Contents1. The 21st century learning experience 2. The classroom as a technology center 3. Fostering autonomous learning 4. Curricular vetting for online and mobile learning 5. Technology for speaking and listening 6. Technology for reading and writing 7. Language, principles, and technology 8. Technology for assessment, evaluation, and proficiency testing 9. Professional development for teachers through technology.

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Book SynopsisJonathan Culpeper is Professor of English Language and Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics and English Language at Lancaster University, UK. Spanning pragmatics, stylistics and the history of English, his major publications include Early Modern English Dialogues: Spoken Interaction as Writing (2010, CUP; co-authored with Merja Kytö), Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence (2011, CUP), and most recently Pragmatics and the English Language (2014, Palgrave; with Michael Haugh). He is currently leading the AHRC-funded Encyclopaedia of Shakespeare's Language project, which will provide evidence-based and contextualised accounts of Shakespeare's language.Paul Kerswill is Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of York. His research has focused on migration and dialect contact in both Norway and Britain, including Bergen and the New Town of Milton Keynes. He has worked on projects on the emergence of Multicultural London EnglisTrade ReviewThis is an unusually rich textbook that combines breadth of coverage with depth of analysis. It provides accessible yet rigorous introductions to all aspects of the English language and uncovers English in all its fascinating varieties. * Professor Andreas H. Jucker, University of Zurich, Switzerland *The second edition acquaints readers with insights from top experts and provides an up-to-date overview from several points of departure. Engagingly written, this will be a rewarding read for undergraduates and more advanced students and scholars alike. * Irma Taavitsainen, Professor Emeritus, University of Helsinki, Finland *This comprehensive, well-written and interesting book covers a range of important topics that are central to the study of the English language, including the structure and history of English, its use in speech and writing, and the role it plays in human interaction, teaching and learning. * Charles F. Meyer, University of Massachusetts, USA *Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION 1. Studying the English language ENGLISH: STRUCTURE 2. Phonetics 3. Phonology 4. Morphology: word structure 5. Grammar: words (and phrases) 6. Grammar: phrases (and clauses) 7. Grammar: clauses (and sentences) 8. Text linguistics 9. Semantics 10. Pragmatics ENGLISH: HISTORY 11. Standard English and standardization 12. Spelling 13. Phonological change 14. Lexical change 15. Semantic change 16. Grammatical change ENGLISH SPEECH: REGIONAL AND SOCIAL VARIATION 17. Regional variation in English accents and dialects 18. Language and social class 19. Language and ethnicity 20. Pidgins and creole Englishes 21. American English 22. World Englishes and English as a lingua franca 23. Language discourses: attitudes to diversity ENGLISH WRITING: STYLE, GENRE AND PRACTICE 24. Speech, writing and discourse type 25. Language in newspapers 26. Language in advertisements 27. Language in literature: stylistics 28. Literary practices 29. New technologies: literacies in cyberspace ENGLISH: COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION 30. Structures of conversation 31. Language, reality and power 32. Politeness in interaction 33. Gender and language 34. Language and sexuality 35. Bad language 36. Language and politics 37. Business communication ENGLISH: LEARNING AND TEACHING 38. First language acquisition 39. Second language acquisition 40. Languages and literacies in education 41. TEFL, TESOL and linguistics ENGLISH INVESTIGATING 42. Methods for researching English 43. The corpus method and English CONCLUSION 44. The English language: reflections.

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Book SynopsisVariedades de la lengua espaÃola ofrece un panorama general de la variaciÃn dialectal y sociolingÃÃstica en el espacio hispanohablante, presentado por uno de los mÃs prestigiosos expertos en la materia. La lectura de este manual permitirà familiarizarse con los rasgos que distinguen las diferentes variedades geogrÃficas del espaÃol, con una comprensiÃn adicional de las causas histÃricas y polÃticas de sus diferencias y de sus implicaciones sociales. Cada capÃtulo incluye sugerencias de lecturas complementarias y propone temas de debate e investigaciÃn, asà como un glosario que explica la terminologÃa algo mÃs especializada. Complementariamente, el texto remite a materiales audiovisuales disponibles en la red que permiten una aproximaciÃn mÃs directa a las variedades del espaÃol. Estas pÃginas son de interÃs tanto para los hispanohablantes nativos como para los no nativos interesados por la diversidad dialectal. Asimismo, esta obra puede servir como texto primario, de apoyo o complementario para los estudiantes, el profesorado y los hispanistas interesados por el conocimiento de las variedades geogrÃficas y sociales de la lengua espaÃola. Trade Review"Variedades de la lengua española is a valuable resource for both Spanish instructors and students. More specifically, it would benefit those advanced undergraduate students who possess an interest in Hispanic sociolinguistics. ... [Variedades de la lengua española] has the potential to serve along side a primary text as a complementary resource in advanced university Spanish courses. The inclusion of Sugerenicas para investigar y debatir, that concludes each chapter, encourages students to think critically about each topic and go beyond the text to inquire into the particulars of each dialect. ... In sum, Moreno-Fernández achieves the goal of presenting a detailed, yet concisely and clearly written volume on language variation found across the Spanish-speaking world."Nicholas M. Blaker, Hispania (Sept. 2021), USATable of ContentsIntroducciónCréditosSignos fonéticos más especializados (Alfabeto Fonético Internacional) Capítulo 1. Lenguas y diversidad Capítulo 2. El español en su historia y su geografía Capítulo 3. Políticas e ideologías lingüísticas del español Capítulo 4. Panorama lingüístico de la península ibérica Capítulo 5. Panorama lingüístico de Iberoamérica Capítulo 6. Variedades del español en España Capítulo 7. Variedades del español en México Capítulo 8. Variedades del español en América Central Capítulo 9. Variedades del español en el Caribe Capítulo 10. Variedades del español en la región de los Andes Capítulo 11. Variedades del español en el Cono Sur Capítulo 12. Variedades del español en los Estados Unidos Capítulo 13. Variedades del español en África y Asia Capítulo 14. Variedades de la lengua española y globalización

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Book SynopsisA Frequency Dictionary of Spanishhas been fully revised and updated, including over 500 new entries, making it an invaluable resource for students of Spanish.Based on a new web-based corpus containing more than 2 billion words collected from 21 Spanish-speaking countries, the second edition of A Frequency Dictionary of Spanish provides the most expansive and up-to-date guidelines on Spanish vocabulary. Each entry is accompanied with an illustrative example and full English translation.The Dictionary provides a rich resource for language teaching and curriculum design, while former CDcontentis now available toaccess atwww.routledge.com/9781138686540 as support material to provide the full text in a tab-delimited format ideally suited for use by corpus and computational linguistics.With entries arranged both by frequency and alphabetically, A Frequency Dictionary of Spanish enables students of all levels to get the most out of their sTable of ContentsThematic vocabulary lists; Series preface; Acknowledgments; List of abbreviations; Preface to the second edition; Introduction; References; Frequency index; Alphabetical index; Part of speech index

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Book SynopsisSlovene: A Comprehensive Grammar is the most complete reference guide to the contemporary language. Key features of this new edition include: updated examples reflecting current usage, expanded discussions of particular areas of difficulty, a brief history of the language, dialects and register, clear distinction between written and spoken usage, new tables and charts for quick reference.The Grammar provides a jargon-free and systematic description of all parts of speech promoting an in-depth understanding of the Slovene language. Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar is a key resource for linguists and students of Slovene at intermediate and advanced levels.Table of Contents1 Phonology 2 Nouns 3 Adjectives 4 Pronouns 5 Numerals 6 Verbs 7 Adverbs 8 Prepositions 9 Conjunctions 10 Particles 11 Interjections 12 Word order 13 Word formation

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Book SynopsisColloquial Croatian provides a step-by-step course in Croatian as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Croatian in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Croatian will be an indispensable resoTable of ContentsMap of Croatia Learning Croatian Alphabet and pronunciation 1 Na putu On the way The verb biti (to be); personal pronouns: I, you, etc.; basic word order; formation of questions; introducing yourself; nationalities 2 Razgovor o putovanju Conversation about traveling Main conjugations of verbs; verbal aspect; reflexive verbs; adverbs 3 Dolazak u Zagreb Arrival in Zagreb Nouns: the nominative case, the vocative case; simple letters; adjectives from proper nouns; double negatives 4 Svatko ide na svoju stranu Each goes his own way Accusative case, accusative after certain prepositions; genitive case; questions and answers; sentence building with the genitive; prepositions 5 Dolazak u hotel Arrival at the hotel The dative case, the locative case; the instrumental case, a telephone conversation 6 Razgovor o stanu Conversation about a flat Adjectives; nominative case of adjectives; vocabulary about flats and furniture 7 Na popti At the post office Cardinal numbers 1, 2, 3, etc; use of verbs with numbers; telephone conversations 8 U restoranu In the restaurant Ordering meals; adjectives: genitive case, accusative case; food and drink 9 Na ulici In the street Street directions; adjectives: dative and instrumental; prepositions; reflexive verbs 10 Posjet prijateljima Visit to friends The past tense; word order; past tense questions; negative past tense; emphatic use of pronouns; use of verbs with numbers 11 Obiteljski odnosi Family relationships Personal pronoun declensions; vocabulary of family relationships; word order (3); use of pronouns 12 Putni planovi Travel plans The future tense; using the long form of the future auxiliary; structures with the future tense 13 U kazalip t u At the theatre Ordinal numbers: first, second, etc.; periods of time; dates; days of the week; time of day 14 Pakiranje Packing Comparative of adjectives; comparative of adverbs; structures with the comparative; the superlative; clothes, colours 15 Polazak Departure Demonstrative pronouns: 'this', 'that'; possessive adjectives; preparing for a car journey; driving, route planning 16 U kvaru Breakdown Possessive pronouns: my, your, etc.; future perfect tense; parts of a car 17 U kupnji Shopping Interrogative pronouns: 'who', 'what', etc.; relative pronouns: 'who', 'which', etc.; shopping for food; aspect 2; lost items, visiting a police station 18 Prometna nesreAea Road accident Imperative, negative imperatives; adjective phrases expressed by verbs; aspect 3; parts of the body 19 Razgovor o svakodnevnom a i v ot u Conversation about everyday life Conditional: 'I would', etc.; conditional clauses; reflexive phrases 20 Kraj The end Participles: 'being', 'having been', etc; verbal nouns Grammar summary Key to main exercises Translations of main texts Croatian-English glossary English-Croatian glossary Subject index

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Book SynopsisColloquial French: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to French as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in French in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial French is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include:A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements Introduction Pronunciation Guide Unit 1 Premiers contacts First contacts Unit 2 Dans la ville In town Unit 3 Manger et boire Food and drink Unit 4 Rencontres Meeting people Unit 5 Projets de vacances Holiday plans Unit 6 Faire ses courses Shopping Unit 7 Planifier un voyage d'affaires Planning a business trip Unit 8 Quel voyage! What a journey! Unit 9 On s'amuse bien. We are enjoying ourselves Unit 10 A Paris In Paris Unit 11 Problemes de sante Health problems Unit 12 Souvenirs Memories Unit 13 Rendez-vous et invitations Appointments and invitations Unit 14 Un week-end a cuisiner A weekend spent cooking Unit 15 Vetements et chaussures Clothes and shoes Unit 16 On cherche une maison. Looking for a house Unit 17 On discute de la maison. Talking about the house Unit 18 Negotiations Negotiations Key to Exercises Reference grammar French-English Glossary Indexes

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Colloquial Danish provides a step-by-step course in Danish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Danish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include:â progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills â structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar â an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises â realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios â useful vocabulary lists throughout the textâ additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Danish will be an indispensable resource both for independent le

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Book SynopsisColloquial Gujarati provides a step-by-step course in Gujarati as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Gujarati in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Gujarati will be an indispensable resource Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgements Introduction AbbreviationsGujarati alphabet and script Map of Gujarat Gujarati alphabet and script 1 કેમ છો? kem chho? 2 પોસ્ટ ઑફિસે post Ophise3 સાથે ખરીદી કરવા sāthe kharidi karvā4 ટેલિફોનમાં વાતચીત tòeliphonmaāÞ vātchit 5 સ્ટેશન તરફ stòeshan taraph6 હોટેલમાં hotòelmāÞ7 જૂના મિત્રોની મુલાકાતે junā mitroni mulākāte 8 નિશાળમાં nishālòmāÞ9 ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મો gujarāti philmo 10 હવાઈ મથકનું ઉદ્દઘાટન havāi mathak nuÞ udghātan 11 થિયેટર તરફ thietòar taraph 12 પ્રેસ પર pres par13 ગાંધીજીની સંસ્થાઓમાં gāndhijini sansthāomāÞ14 પત્રલેખન patralekhan 15 ભાષાંતર bhāshāntar Translation Key to exercises English–Gujarati glossary Thematic English–Gujarati glossaryGujarati–English glossary Thematic Gujarati–English glossaryGrammatical index

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Have you ever struggled to communicate with a limited-English speaker? Have you been frustrated by unsuccessful interactions with non-native English speakers? Did you know there is a simple solution to improve cross-cultural communication in English?What most of us native speakers overlook in these situations is that the problem here may not be the limited English of the other person; it could be our English. And while we certainly can't do anything about the former, we can do a great deal about the latter.This short book gives 50 practical tools to help you become aware of and adapt your own language to completely transform exchanges with limited-English speakers and greatly increase the chances of a satisfying outcome for both you and the limited-English speaker you're trying to help or serve. And the good news is: it is not that difficult and it is entirely in the hands of the native speaker.Craig Storti is a nationally known figure with over 30 years of experience in the field of intercultural communications and cross-cultural adaptation, and the author of several standard works, including Culture Matters, a cross-cultural workbook used by the U. S. government in over 90 countries. He has successfully led workshops on cultural diversity for Fortune 500 companies, hotels such as Marriott, diplomats, civil servants, and foreign aid workers. But it was his 90-minute segments on common mistakes native speakers make when talking to limited-English speakers and how participants could improve interactions that became the most popular and useful aspect of his training. This much-needed book is ideal for anyone working in a public-facing job from government to hospitality, health care, international organizations, human resources, cross-cultural and diversity training, English as a second language teaching, foreign aid, or those with a love of language, culture and communication.

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Book SynopsisAre standards of English alright - or should that be all right?To knowingly split an infinitive or not to?And what about ending a sentence with preposition, or for that matter beginning one with 'and'?We learn language by instinct, but good English, the pedants tell us, requires rules. Yet, as Oliver Kamm demonstrates, many of the purists' prohibitions are bogus and can be cheerfully disregarded. ACCIDENCE WILL HAPPEN is an authoritative and deeply reassuring guide to grammar, style and the linguistic conundrums we all face.'A unique and indispensable guide to usage' STEVEN PINKER'An immensely intelligent and playful polemic, cheeky and erudite by turns...certainly gets the blood pumping, so do read it' THE TIMES'A superb book' INDEPENDENTTrade ReviewA unique and indispensable guide to usage. It's distinguished by the author's keen discernment, his reliance on scholarship rather than dogma and superstition, and an ability to cite literary examples of contested constructions that is literally (yes, literally) awesome (yes, awesome) -- STEVEN PINKERAn immensely intelligent and playful polemic, cheeky and erudite by turns...certainly gets the blood pumping, so do read it * THE TIMES *Entertaining and refreshing...a welcome corrective to the notion that there is an objective standard we should strive for, and a celebration of a language in flux * THE SUNDAY TIMES *Kamm's tolerance is certainly more preferable to the bigotry of sticklers who treat grammatical lapses as crimes or sins * OBSERVER *A joyous and joyously liberating assault on the 'rules' of grammar which are little more than a hodgepodge of contradictory superstitions. Kamm's weapons are erudition and raw polemical vigour...It is the most sensible style guide I have read, not least because Kamm always puts clarity first. I have only had ACCIDENCE WILL HAPPEN for a week, and have already referred to it dozens of times * THE SPECTATOR *Delights by its puncturing of pomposity...and its identification of pronouncements that have no foundation in scholarship. It leaves the reader clear that debate in print about English usage is a branch of both entertainment and politics * TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT *A superb book, and I challenge any pedant to read it and not emerge with a more liberal view on usage * INDEPENDENT *[Kamm's] case against the pedants is compelling: peddling made-up rules, they either stray into contradiction or are forced to denounce Milton as sloppy * THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH *This book came as a great relief. Although I feared I had a shaky grasp of formal grammar, Kamm reassures me that I have - in fact - acquired mastery as a native English speaker. With bracing confidence, he lays into pedants, sticklers and prescriptivists everywhere. Nevertheless, he's no anarchist: this book provides invaluable advice on writing with style, wit and verve * TIMES HIGHER EDUCATION SUPPLEMENT *

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Book SynopsisA collection that brings together Spivak’s wide-ranging writings on translation for the first time.Living Translation offers a powerful perspective on the work of distinguished thinker and writer Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, revealing how, throughout her long career, she has made translation a central concern of the comparative humanities. Starting with her landmark “Translator’s Preface” to Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology in 1976, and continuing with her foreword to Mahasweta Devi’s Draupadi and afterword to Devi’s Chotti MundaandHis Arrow, Spivak has tackled questions of translatability. She has been interested in interrogating the act of translation from the ground up and at the political limit. She sees at play at border checkpoints, at sites of colonial pedagogy, in acts of resistance to monolingual regimes of national language, at the borders of minor literature and schizo-analysis, in the deficits of cultural debt and linguistic expropriation, and, more generally, at theory’s edge, which is to say, where practical criticism yields to theorizing in untranslatables. This volume also addresses how Spivak’s institution-building as director of comparative literature at the University of Iowa—and in her subsequent places of employment—began at the same time. From this perspective, Spivak takes her place within a distinguished line-up of translator-theorists who have been particularly attuned to the processes of cognizing in languages, all of them alive to the coproductivity of thinking, translating, writing. Table of Contents“Foreword” by Emily Apter “Preface: Earliest Engagements with Translation: Institution-Building” by Aron Aji and Maureen RobertsonPolitics of TranslationTranslator’s Preface to Of Grammatology by Jacques DerridaThe Politics of TranslationCultures of TranslationTranslation as CultureTranslating into EnglishThe Most Intimate Act of Reading“Draupadi”Translator’s Afterword to Chotti Munda and His Arrow by Mahasweta DeviNecessary, Yet ImpossibleQuestioned on Translation: AdriftNecessary, Yet ImpossibleWhat Is It, Then, to Translate?Teaching, Learning, Unlearning TranslationTranslation in the Undergraduate CurriculumScattered Speculations on Translation StudiesTranslating in a World of LanguagesGlobal?Teaching Black Skin“Afterword: Translating the Planet?” by Avishek Ganguly “Gramsci and Spivak: Politics of Translation” by Mauro Pala

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Book SynopsisDesigned for those interested in the lore and tradition of a language, spoken until comparatively recently across much of Scotland, this is a compendium of Gaelic sayings and usage. The book includes notes, historical and social, and comparisons with sayings in different languages. Alexander Nicolson, one of the best scholars of his day, has gathered together a wide-ranging collection covering such diverse topics as women and marriage, wise men and fools, friendship and courage, and poverty and wealth. The proverbs appear in Gaelic along with the English translation, carefully preserving the pith of the original. These sayings, which as Nicolson remarks in his Preface, ’come from thatched cottages and not baronial and academic halls’, reflect keen intelligence and a distinct sense of humour. This is a comprehensive and important collection, with a foreword by Ian MacDonald of the Gaelic Books Council.

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Book SynopsisLittle Red Book of Spelling Learn the fundamentals of spelling and avoid common spelling errors with the help of this compact volume. Little Red Book of Spelling is a book that deals with orthography and the rudiments of spelling. English spelling, unlike in other languages, is based not on the phonetic or word-sound approach alone there are other facts in play too. So be careful about your spelling, for learning to spell correctly is essential for good communication. A confident speller reads and understands efficiently A confident speller has more fun while reading A confident speller helps other people understand their writing better. So get, set and spell it right!

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses and demonstrates the types of English discourse used at academic conferences and offers guidance to prospective conference participants from multiple perspectives. It is a combination of research taken from numerous academic conferences attended and observations made by the author, based on well-established research methods in applied linguistics, as well as a guidebook aimed at students, ESP teachers, and young academics and professionals wishing to upgrade their skills to participate fruitfully in, and contribute to, academic conferences. It offers academic novices and non-native speakers of English in particular much that is new and practical, far beyond the realm of simple ‘presentation tips’. It addresses various topics, such as chairing discussions, poster management, discussion sessions, the TED phenomenon, workshops, and the emerging field of English as a lingua franca. The style alternates between the accessible and practical, and the analysis of the linguistic categories underpinning the discourse: genre analysis, the nature of the specialist discourse community, features of academic spoken discourse, and the presentation as multimodal narrative are all explored. The book includes authentic samples of model speech discourse throughout, along with questions and exercises for deliberation or practice in each chapter.Table of Contents1 Introduction.- Part 1 The external framework of academic conferences.- 2 An 'Age of conferencing'.- 3 The TED factor.- 4 Affective factors influencing conference presentation performance.- 5 'Native' vs non-native English speakers (NES/NNES) and English as a lingua franca (ELF) at Academic Conferences.- 6 Implications of ELF for ESP/EAP teachers, learners, and international academic conference discourse.- Part 2 The conference and the structure of its core speech events.- 7 The academic functions of conference discourse.- 8 Genre and mode in the discourse community.- 9 Engagement and narrative.- Part 3 Academic conference discourse: The research background.- 10 Investigation process and research focus.- 11 Social and environmental factors.- Part 4 Practical ideas and suggestions for effective conference performance.- 12 Academic tenor and formulaic academic phrases.- 13 Conference presentation introductions and openings.- 14 The management of conference presentation outline slides.- 15 Effective conference presentation summaries, conclusions, and closings.- 16 Transition phrases in the conference presentation.- 17 Managing discussion sessions (Q&A).- 18 Intonation, visuals, text, and narrative.- 19 Managing conference presentation and discussion session breakdown (Repair).- Part 5 Academic conference agnates and extra-textual considerations.- 20 Poster sessions.- 21 Symposia, colloquia, and workshops.- 22 The attendee as a conference participant.- 23 Chairing discourse.- 24 The academic conference social dimension.- Part 6 Practical preparations for the conference presentation.- 25 Final-stage tips.

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Book SynopsisGreek: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Greek. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear and supported by examples throughout. This new edition has been revised and updated to present an accurate and accessible description of the most important aspects of modern Greek.Features include: clear and up-to-date examples special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners Greek/English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. Greek: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Levels CEFR scale A1-B2 and ACTFL level Low-Intermediate to Advanced.Table of Contents1. The alphabet and pronunciation 2. The writing system 3. The noun and the noun phrase 4. Pronouns and determiners 5. Numerals 6. The verb and the verb phrase 7. The adverb and the adverbial phrase 8. The preposition and the prepositional phrase 9. Conjunctions and particles 10. The clause 11. Word formation 12. Conversational features Appendices Glossary of grammatical terms. Recommended books for further study. Index of grammatical categories and concepts. Index of Greek words

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Book SynopsisThis full colour text comes with free audio and video online through an accompanying website. It is a modern, engaging, intermediate Arabic course offering lively conversations, varied texts and exercises, and fascinating cultural insights. The course is highly illustrated in full colour with photos and cartoons and includes an abundance of exercises to aid learning and encourage practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing. It is backed up by online exercises including a link to interactive flashcards, and is supported by a range of additional activity, grammar and handwriting books.The course follows on from the best-selling Mastering Arabic 1 but is suitable for any learner with some prior knowledge of Arabic. The Mastering Arabic series is widely used in universities, schools, community colleges, adult evening classes and for self-study.Table of ContentsIntroduction Myself and others House and home Work and ambition Sport and leisure Travel and tourism Food and cooking Review Clothes and colours Education and training News and media Climate and the environment Health and happiness Arts and Cinema Review Answers to exercises English-Arabic glossary Grammar index.

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