Language: reference and general Books

Book SynopsisBasic Portuguese: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume.Twenty units cover the core material which students can expect to encounter in their first year of learning Portuguese. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises which allow students to reinforce and consolidate their learning.Clearly presented and user-friendly, Basic Portuguese provides readers with a thorough grounding in the fundamentals of Portuguese grammar.Table of Contents1. Nouns 2.Articles 3. Numbers, times and dates 4. Subject pronouns and regular verbs 5. Present tense: irregular verbs 6. Interrogatives 7. Negatives 8. Ser and Estar 9. Demonstratives 10. Adjectives and adverbs 11. Comparatives and superlatives 12. Direct object pronouns 13. Indirect object pronouns 14. Reflexive pronouns and verbs 15. Possessive pronouns and adjectives 16. Present perfect tense 17. The preterite tense 18. The imperfect tense 19. The preterite tense vs the imperfect tense 20. The past perfect and the pluperfect tense Key to exercises Bibliography Glossary of grammatical terms Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the Swedish National Language Council's Erik Wellander Prize, 2003Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an award-winning complete reference guide to modern Swedish grammar. Systematic and accessible, the volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Swedish grammar, presenting the complexities of Swedish in a concise and readable form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon, and an extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require.Now in its third edition, the text has been comprehensively updated to conform to new standards set in the description of language and to reflect the recommendations of the Language Council of Sweden. It offers an improved layout, completely revised index and more user-friendly paragraph structure. Continuing the tradition of previous editions, the emphasis remains fixed on Swedish in everyday communTrade ReviewPraise for the first edition'This grammar has great assets. The first is that it is compiled by English-speaking people who have an excellent command of Swedish but who know at first hand where the difficulties of learning Swedish lie ... The second is that it represents contemporary Swedish and draws attention to different styles and registers ... a good reliable guide to modern Swedish and should serve as a standard reference of many years.' - Scandinavica"The strong points of this grammar are: (a) it concentrates on everyday informal language; (b) it gives a wealth of examples; (c) by being "unashamedly comparative" it highlights some aspects of the Swedish language that are hardly ever touched upon in Swedish grammars written by native speakers."- Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek Praise for the second edition'A vital contribution to the presentation of Swedish to an international audience. The book adopts a valuable external perspective on Swedish, from which native speakers of Swedish can also benefit, and is a major source of knowledge for all of those either within or outside Sweden who teach Swedish as a second language or as a foreign language.' -The Swedish Language Council‘We have in Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar an extraordinarily workable teaching and reference tool that should continue to be a source of linguistic enrichment for many years to come.’ - Marilyn Johns Blackwell, Ohio State University'(T)his is a reference work of the first rank ... Above all, however, this book constitutes the most important international work of reference for everyone with an interest in linguistics in search of detailed information about the morphology and syntax of Swedish.' - SkandinavistikPraise for the first edition'This grammar has great assets. The first is that it is compiled by English-speaking people who have an excellent command of Swedish but who know at first hand where the difficulties of learning Swedish lie ... The second is that it represents contemporary Swedish and draws attention to different styles and registers ... a good reliable guide to modern Swedish and should serve as a standard reference of many years.' - Scandinavica'The strong points of this grammar are: (a) it concentrates on everyday informal language; (b) it gives a wealth of examples; (c) by being "unashamedly comparative" it highlights some aspects of the Swedish language that are hardly ever touched upon in Swedish grammars written by native speakers.'- Tijdschrift voor Skandinavistiek Praise for the second edition'A vital contribution to the presentation of Swedish to an international audience. The book adopts a valuable external perspective on Swedish, from which native speakers of Swedish can also benefit, and is a major source of knowledge for all of those either within or outside Sweden who teach Swedish as a second language or as a foreign language.' -The Swedish Language Council‘We have in Swedish: A Comprehensive Grammar an extraordinarily workable teaching and reference tool that should continue to be a source of linguistic enrichment for many years to come.’ - Marilyn Johns Blackwell, Ohio State University'(T)his is a reference work of the first rank ... Above all, however, this book constitutes the most important international work of reference for everyone with an interest in linguistics in search of detailed information about the morphology and syntax of Swedish.' - SkandinavistikPraise for the third edition'A thorough, clear guide to the rules of Swedish grammar… Holmes and Hinchliffe cover everything from basics such as nouns and adjectives to more advanced topics such as interjections and prepositions, and they do it all with ease and clarity. Javisst, this is the best reference book to Swedish grammar you’ll find in English.'- B.J. Epstein, University of East Anglia, UKTable of Contents1. Nouns 2. Adjectives 3. Pronouns 4. Numerals 5. Verbs 6. Adverbs 7. Prepositions 8. Conjunctions 9. Interjections 10 Sentence structure and word order 11. Word formation 12. Orthography 13. Punctuation Linguistic Terms Short Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new and completely revised edition of Colloquial Portuguese of Brazil provides a step-by-step course in Portuguese as it is written and spoken in Brazil today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Brazilian Portuguese in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.This edition features: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Portuguese of BrazTable of ContentsDiálogo 1 – Muito prazer! ALÔ! QUEM FALA? Vamos nos divertir! A família e os amigos Festas e tradições brasileiras Falando de saúde Saúde e bem-estar Férias! Vá de ônibus: o transporte no Brasil A gente se vê mais tarde? A agenda cultural Vamos Às compras ! O Meio-ambiente Vida virtual

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents an overview of significant issues and debates in Gothic studies. This book explains the origins and development of the term Gothic. It explores the evolution of the Gothic in both literary and non-literary forms, including art, architecture and film.Trade Review"The overall result is wonderfully informative and suggestive for the beginning student, while offering some striking additional insights spread across the book for advanced students of Gothic who have yet to consider such contexts for it as postcolonialism, 'goth' subcultures and 'Hallucination and the Narcotic'." Gothic StudiesTable of ContentsHow to Use This Book. Chronology. Introduction. Backgrounds and Contexts. Civilisation and the Goths. Gothic in the Eighteenth Century. Gothic and Romantic. Science, Industry and the Gothic. Victorian Gothic. Art and Architecture. Gothic and Decadence. Imperial Gothic. Gothic Postmodernism. Postcolonial Gothic. Goths and Gothic Subcultures. Gothic Film. Gothic and the Graphic Novel. Writers of Gothic. William Harrison Ainsworth (1805-82). Jane Austen (1775-1817). J. G. Ballard (1930-). Iain Banks (1954-). John Banville (1945-). Clive Barker (1952-). William Beckford (1760-1844). E. F. Benson (1867-1940). Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914). Algernon Blackwood (1869-1951). Robert Bloch (1917-1994). Elizabeth Bowen (1899-1973). Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835-1915). Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855) and Emily Brontë (1818-1848). Charles Brockden Brown (1771-1810). Edward George Bulwer-Lytton (1803-1873). James Branch Cabell (1879-1958). Ramsey Campbell (1946-). Angela Carter (1940-1992). Robert W. Chambers (1865-1933). Wilkie Collins (1824-1889). Marie Corelli (1855-1924). Charlotte Dacre (1771/1772?-1825). Walter de la Mare (1873-1956). August Derleth (1909-1971). Charles Dickens (1812-1870). 'Isak Dinesen' (1885-1962). Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). Lord Dunsany (1878-1957). Bret Easton Ellis (1964-). William Faulkner (1897-1962). Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865). William Gibson (1948-). William Godwin (1756-1836). H. Rider Haggard (1856-1925). Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864). James Herbert (1943-). William Hope Hodgson (1877-1918). E. T. A. Hoffmann (1776-1822). James Hogg (1770-1835). Washington Irving (1783-1859). G. P. R. James (1799-1860). Henry James (1843-1916). M. R. James (1862-1936). Stephen King (1947-). Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936). Francis Lathom (1777-1832). J. Sheridan Le Fanu (1814-1873). Sophia Lee (1750-1824). Vernon Lee (1856-1935). M. G. Lewis (1775-1818). David Lindsay (1878-1945). H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937). George MacDonald (1824-1905). Arthur Machen (1863-1947). James Macpherson (1736-1796). Richard Matheson (1926-). Charles Robert Maturin (1780-1824). Herman Melville (1819-1891). Joyce Carol Oates (1938-). Margaret Oliphant (1828-1897). Mervyn Peake (1911-1968). Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). John Polidori (1795-1821). Radcliffe, Ann (1764-1823). Reeve, Clara (1729-1807). G. W. M. Reynolds (1814-1879). Anne Rice (1941-). Walter Scott (1771-1832). Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851). Charlotte Smith (1740-1806). Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894). Bram Stoker (1847-1912). Horace Walpole (1717-1797). H. G. Wells (1866-1946). Edith Wharton (1862-1937). Oscar Wilde (1854-1900). Key Works. Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto (1764). William Beckford, Vathek (1786). Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794). William Godwin, Caleb Williams (1794). M. G. Lewis, The Monk (1796). Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (1818, revised 1831). C. R. Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer (1820). James Hogg, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824). Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights (1847). Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White (1860). Sheridan Le Fanu, Uncle Silas (1864). Robert Louis Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886). Bram Stoker, Dracula (1897). Henry James, The Turn of the Screw (1898). Robert Bloch, Psycho (1959). Anne Rice, Interview with the Vampire (1976). Stephen King, The Shining (1977). Bret Easton Ellis, American Psycho (1991). Themes and Topics. The Haunted Castle. The Monster. The Vampire. Persecution and Paranoia. Female Gothic. The Uncanny. The History of Abuse. Hallucination and the Narcotic. Guide to Further Reading. Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisA guidebook for all teachers of English and American literature in higher education. Drawing on 40 years of international teaching experience, author Elaine Showalter inspires instructors to make their classroom practice as intellectually exciting as their research.Trade Review"It is to Showalter's great credit that she has written a book that exemplifies many of the virtues she associates with literature: curiosity, empathy, compassion. It is also a deeply personal work. People say that reading literature does not make you a better person. True. But reading this book will make you a better teacher. And maybe make you think better of literature too." Times Higher Education Supplement "Grounded equally in narrative anecdotes and in published scholarship, Teaching Literature is admirably accessible and reader-friendly... I'd recommend it to anyone looking to enliven his or her classroom". Literature and HistoryTable of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements. 1. The Anxiety of Teaching. 2. Theories of Teaching Literature. 3. Methods of Teaching Literature. 4. Teaching Poetry. 5. Teaching Drama. 6. Teaching Fiction. 7. Teaching Theory. 8. Teaching Teachers. 9. Teaching Dangerous Subjects. 10. Teaching Literature in Dark Times. Conclusion: The Joy of Teaching Literature. Notes. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe instructional treatises of Menander Rhetor and the Ars Rhetorica, deriving from the schools of rhetoric that flourished in the Greek East from the 2nd through 4th centuries AD, provide a window into the literary culture, educational practices, and social concerns of these Greeks under Roman rule, in both public and private life.Trade ReviewThese texts not only provide us with the most complete treatment of the topic, but also offer glimpses of various genres of epideictic speeches practiced in Antiquity… An invaluable contribution to the studies of ancient rhetoric. -- André Rodrigues Bertacchi * Bryn Mawr Classical Review *This new Loeb Classical Library volume is for those who fear public speaking more than death, taxes, or public embarrassment… Welcome exemplars of occasional speeches of praise, encouragement, and human connection. -- Paul J. Cain * Lutheran Book Review *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis timely book examines the rise of posthumanism as both a material condition and a developing philosophical-ethical project in the age of cloning, gene engineering, organ transplants and implants.Trade Review"Nayar has produced a clear and comprehensive survey and analysis of contemporary posthuman thought. He avoids the excessive reliance on jargon that often mars writing on this topic, and treats the competing views he discusses with an even and incisive hand."Robert Pepperell, Cardiff School of Art & Design"Posthumanism is a coming-of-age book for studies of science, technology, and culture. It brings together the most crucial considerations of current debates about the status of the posthuman and, in so doing, beautifully weaves together their political history and current relevance when thinking through this complex terrain."Andy Miah, University of the West of ScotlandTable of ContentsContents Acknowledgements 1. Revisiting the Human: Critical Humanisms Terms and Definitions Critical Humanisms and the Origins of Posthumanism 2. Consciousness, Biology and the Necessity of Alterity Cognition, Consciousness and Autopoiesis Biology, Systems and Systems Biology Dealing with/in Alterity 3. The Body, Reformatted Biomedia, the Body Mathematized and Postvital Life Other/ing Bodies The Body as Congeries, Assemblage and Interface 4. Absolute Monstrosities: The ‘Question of the Animal’ Monster Theory: Cultures of Otherness Animal Nature, Human Nature The Humanimal Speciesism 5. Life Itself: The View from Disability Studies and Bioethics Disability Studies and the Norms of the ‘Human’ Bioethics and Personhood 6. Posthuman Visions: Toward Companion Species Posthuman Biology Posthumanist Biology Companion Species Conclusion: Posthumanism as Species Cosmopolitanism Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisLook up words quickly and easily with this travel-sized Vietnamese dictionary. Intended for use by tourists, students, and business people travelling to Vietnam Pocket Vietnamese Dictionary is an essential tool for communication and a great way to learn Vietnamese.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA fascinating, easy-to-use dictionary that's designed to provide pastors, seminarians, and every student of the Bible with an in-depth understanding of the Hebrew and Greek words that are behind the biblical translations we use.

Read more less

Book SynopsisMore than 10,000 entries define names, places, objects, and concepts of the Bible with thorough references. Charles Pfeiffer introduces the volume with an essay on How to Study the Bible.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies remains the most authoritative reference work for students and scholars interested in engaging with the phenomenon of translation in all its modes and in relation to a wide range of theoretical and methodological traditions.This new edition provides a considerably expanded and updated revision of what appeared as Part I in the first and second editions. Featuring 132 as opposed to the 75 entries in Part I of the second edition, it offers authoritative, critical overviews of additional topics such as authorship, canonization, conquest, cosmopolitanism, crowdsourced translation, dubbing, fan audiovisual translation, genetic criticism, healthcare interpreting, hybridity, intersectionality, legal interpreting, media interpreting, memory, multimodality, nonprofessional interpreting, note-taking, orientalism, paratexts, thick translation, war and world literature. Each entry ends with a set of annotated references for

Read more less

Book SynopsisBasic Dutch: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume. This second edition contains new chapters on spelling, pronunciation, and indirect speech, as well as revised and additional exercises with lists of new vocabulary.This comprehensive book presents 31 individual grammar points in realistic contexts, taking a grammatical approach that allows students not already familiar with these structures to become accustomed to their use. Grammar points are followed by examples and exercises, allowing students to reinforce and consolidate their learning. Key features include: a full answer key grammar tables for easy reference frequent comparative references to English grammar appendices of pronunciation, pronouns, and strong verbs a list of new vocabulary at the end of each chapter <Trade Review"A holistic approach to Dutch grammar for beginner students of Dutch, and more advanced students wanting to refresh their language skills. New, and very welcome, are the pronunciation guide and vocabulary lists per chapter. These features plus an answer key to the exercises make this new edition ideal for selfstudy." Wijnie de Groot, Senior Lecturer in Dutch, Columbia University, USATable of ContentsPreface 1 Spelling in Dutch2 Subject pronouns 3 Verb conjugation in the present tense 4 Articles and nouns 5 Object pronouns 6 Numbers and measures 7 The plural of nouns 8 Questions and question words9 Possessive pronouns 10 Modal auxiliary verbs 11 Basic word order 12 Telling the time13 Negatives I 14 Demonstrative pronouns 15 Adjective endings 16 The adjective in comparison 17 Adverbs 18 Separable and inseparable verbs 19 The imperative 20 The present perfect tense 21 The simple past tense 22 Reflexive verbs 23 The diminutive24 The adverb er 25 Prepositions 26 Infinitive constructions27 Word order in subordinated clauses28 Relative clauses29 Indirect speech30 Negatives II31 PunctuationAppendix I: PronunciationAppendix II: Overview of pronounsAppendix III: Strong and irregular verbsKey to exercises Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntermediate Dutch is designed for learners who have achieved a basic proficiency and wish to refine their knowledge of grammatical structures. This second edition offers new and revised exercises, sections on spelling and punctuation, and useful insight into differences in Flemish varieties of Dutch which may confuse learners.This Grammar, along with its companion volume Basic Dutch, provides clear and concise summaries of the essential points of Dutch grammar as well as opportunities to practice using the structures of the language. Building on the lessons of Basic Dutch, each of the 24 units presents a grammatical topic with an introduction and overview, followed by contextualized exercises to reinforce learning.Features include: clear accessible format many useful language examples abundant exercises with full answer key frequent references to English grammar appendices on pronunciation, spelling, and strong verbs index of grammatical keywords glossary of words used in the exercisesSuitable for independent learners and students on taught courses, Intermediate Dutch, together with its sister volume Basic Dutch, forms a structured course in the essentials of Dutch grammar.

Read more less

Book SynopsisModern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume.The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as agreement, nouns, verbs and adjectives. Part B is carefully organized around language functions covering all major communication situations such as establishing identity, making contact and expressing likes, dislikes and preferences. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated with examples. Building on the success of the second edition, this third edition provides new and extended notes for Spanish speakers, which focus on common difficulties faced by learners of Portuguese, as well as revised explanations of grammar and usage, which include the use of tu' in Portuguese.A combination of reference grammar and pTrade Review"Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar is very comprehensive, bringing thorough description and analysis of real life language in use. The author shows a deep knowledge of the many idiosyncrasies of Brazilian Portuguese, always referring to the existing differences related to register and spoken versus written language. Differently from other Portuguese grammars for non-native speakers, it focusses on didactically describing how the language is used in its different registers, even the more colloquial style, presenting valuable information to learners so that they are aware of when a given form is used. Also, the fact that it is divided into two parts (traditional grammar and function-based grammar), which are clearly interconnected in each section, makes it easier for students to look up any information they may need. The fact that there is a companion workbook makes it appealing to students as they can practise the grammar points studied. Learners are provided a set of useful exercises related to both traditional grammar and function-based grammar, which focus on important and often challenging aspects of the Portuguese language." Dr. José Peixoto Coelho de Souza, Language Tutor in Portuguese, University of Manchester, UK."Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar continues to be a wonderful supplement to the textbooks that I use in my language courses. It captures and presents problematic instances in an organized format. The examples and brief explanations are clear and relevant. This reference guide is essential for anyone who wants to master a nuanced understanding of Brazilian Portuguese."Dr. Cynthia A. Sloan, Associate Professor of Portuguese and Spanish, Portland State University, USA.Table of ContentsPreface to the third editionPreface to the second editionIntroduction to this book Introduction to Brazilian PortugueseGlossary of grammatical terms Part A Structures1 Pronunciation and spelling 2 Gender and gender agreement 3 Number and number agreement 4 Articles 5 Adjectives and adverbs 6 Numbers and numerical expressions 7 Personal pronouns 8 Demonstratives 9 Possessives 10 Relative pronouns 11 Interrogatives 12 Exclamations 13 Indefinite adjectives and pronouns 14 Negatives 15 Regular verb conjugations 16 Semi-irregular and irregular verbs 17 Gerunds, past participles, compound perfect tenses and the passive 18 Use of the tenses 19 The infinitive 20 The subjunctive 21 The imperative 22 Reflexive verbs 23 Ser, estar and ficar 24 Verbs used in auxiliary, modal and impersonal constructions 25 Prepositions 26 Conjunctions 27 Word order 28 Word formationPart B FunctionsI Social contact and communication strategies 29 Making social contacts 30 Basic strategies for communication II Giving and seeking factual information 31 Asking questions and responding 32 Negating 33 Reporting 34 Asking and giving personal information 35 Identifying people and things 36 Describing 37 Making comparisons 38 Expressing existence and availability 39 Expressing location and distance 40 Expressing possessive relations 41 Expressing changes 42 Expressing cause, effect and purposeIII Putting events into a wider context 43 Expressing knowledge 44 Remembering and forgetting 45 Expressing obligation and duty 46 Expressing needs 47 Expressing possibility and probability 48 Expressing certainty and uncertainty 49 Expressing supposition 50 Expressing conditions 51 Expressing contrast or opposition 52 Expressing capability and incapability 53 Seeking and giving permission 54 Asking and giving opinions 55 Expressing agreement, disagreement and indifference IV Expressing emotional attitudes 56 Expressing desires and preferences 57 Expressing likes and dislikes 58 Expressing surprise 59 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction 60 Expressing hope 61 Expressing sympathy 62 Apologizing and expressing forgiveness 63 Expressing fear or worry 64 Expressing gratitude V The language of persuasion 65 Giving advice and making suggestions 66 Making requests 67 Giving directions, instructions and orders 68 Making an offer or invitation and accepting or decliningVI Expressing temporal relations69 Talking about the present 70 Talking about the future 71 Talking about the past Appendices Bibliography Index of words and topics

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides an in-depth examination of how Filipina mothers, serving as migrant caregivers, and their children navigate the experiences of family separation and reunification through Canada's former Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP).It analyzes how Filipina/o/x youth understand their political agency, the legacy of colonialism, and their sense of identity and belonging in urban schools through school-community partnerships. The work examines the global migration experiences of transnational Filipina/o/x youth and their mothers in nation-states such as Canada through the lens of the global domestic work industry. It connects the theoretical frameworks of critical and intersectional feminisms within a transnational context to the specificity of settler colonialism within Canada, a white settler nation-state. It underscores the pivotal role of school-community partnerships in facilitating the political agency of Filipina mothers and their children, and in shaping Filipina/o

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Guide to Practical Online Lexicography provides a step-by-step course on digital lexicography, discussing state of art of theoretical lexicography and offering a guide to practical lexicography, with a focus on monolingual online dictionaries.Dictionaries today need to be designed and made for online environments, use up-to-date technologies in all aspects of lexicography, and have adequate business models in place for financing them. This book:â Covers lexicographic data and categories of existing online dictionaries, and shows how to plan, analyse and store dataâ Discusses the relationship between technology, dictionary users and dictionary makers, lexicographic developments, and economic costsâ Provides an in-depth case study of designing and making the Diccionario Digital del EspaÃol (DIDES), an online dictionary of Spanish edited by the authorâ Includes further reading recommendations, practical activities, and questions for discussio

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Frequency Dictionary of French is an invaluable tool for all learners of French, providing a list of the 5000 most frequently used word families in the language. This second edition provides expanded information, with notes on regional and internet variation and greater variety in the words included.Based on a 300-million-word corpus of French which includes formal and informal writing and spoken material both from France and overseas, this dictionary provides the user with detailed information for each of the 5000 entries, including English equivalents, a sample sentence, its English translation, usage statistics, and an indication of register variation. Users can access the top 5000 word families either through the main frequency listing or through alphabetical and part of speech indexes. Throughout the frequency listing there are thematically organized lists of the top words from a variety of key topics such as sports, weather, clothing, and family terms.The full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research work can be found at resourcecentre.routledge.com/books/9781032741178.An engaging and highly useful resource, A Frequency Dictionary of French will enable students of all levels to get the most out of their study of French vocabulary.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAimed towards advanced students and researchers in language acquisition and teaching, Language Intake: Understanding and Improving Language Learning and Teaching considers the long-debated definition of language intake and its determining factors. In doing so, it presents a unique argument for language input and intake, with a particular focus on how ''input'', ''interaction'', ''identity'', and ''investment'' contribute to intake through complex intercommunication.The book defines each of the contributing factors of intake in turn and demonstrates the principles of language intake through interviews with successful language learners, in order to encourage teachers to take these factors into consideration so as to maximise intake of the target language.The author proposes that all these multiple factors contribute to what might be called the Intake Hypothesis, which can be outlined as a practicable framework to support teachers in providing rich, interestin

Read more less

Book SynopsisTeaches students of all ages the basics of phonics with a time-tested, foolproof method This tenth edition of the best-selling book teaches reading using sounds and spelling patterns. These sounds and patterns are introduced one at a time, and slowly built into words, syllables, phrases, and sentences.Table of ContentsABOUT THIS BOOK vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii INTRODUCTION xiii ABOUT PHONICS PATHWAYS 1 GETTING STARTED 3 TEACHING AID: SHORT-VOWEL STICK 4 GAME: SHORT-VOWEL SHUFFLE 5 SHORT-VOWEL SOUNDS 10 GAME: Short-Vowel Review (Bingo) 16 TWO-LETTER BLENDS (Eyerobics) 17 GAME: THE TRAIN GAME 20 GAME: STARSEARCH 37 THREE-LETTER WORDS 39 GAME: BAG THE BUGS 48 PYRAMID 52 /K/ = C-, K-, -CK 53 TWO-CONSONANT ENDINGS 58 -Y SUFFIX 70 TWIN-CONSONANT ENDINGS 74 FLUENCY REALITY CHECK: Real and Nonsense Words 75 CONSONANT DIGRAPH ENDINGS: -sh, -th, -ch, -tch 76 FLUENCY REALITY CHECK: Consonant Digraph Nonsense Words 83 SIMPLE LONG-VOWEL SOUNDS 90 FLUENCY REALITY CHECK: Short- and Long-Vowel Nonsense Words 109 SUFFIXES 110 SUFFIX SPELLING CHART 115 MULTISYLLABLE WORDS 117 /k/ = -ic, -ick 118 DIVIDING MULTISYLLABLE WORDS 119 PLURAL, POSSESSIVE, AND X 121 CONSONANT DIGRAPH BEGINNINGS: sh-, ch-, wh-, th-, qu- 123 TWO-CONSONANT BEGINNINGS: bl-, fl-, pl-, cl-, gl-, sl- 133 FUN AND GAMES 138 TWO-CONSONANT BEGINNINGS : sm-, sn-, st-, sp-, sc-, sk- 139 R-MODIFIED VOWELS 149 LONG-VOWEL DIGRAPHS 159 /S/ = ce, ci, cy: /Ç/ = ei 173 VOWEL DIPHTHONGS: /oi/ = oi, oy; /ou/ = ou, ow 176 FLUENCY REALITY CHECK: /j/ = -ge, gi-, & -dge Nonsense words 184 -Y, -IE PLUS SUFFIXES 185 -F = -VES 186 NEW VOWEL SOUNDS 188 /ÔO/ = oo, oul, u; /O/ = au, aw, al, all, o 189 THREE-CONSONANT BEGINNINGS 195 SHORT-VOWEL SPELLING PATTERNS 199 /Ĕ/ = ea, a, ai; /Ĭ/ = y, ui; /Ŏ/ = a; /Ŭ/ = o, ou, oo, a 199 SCHWA 203 CONTRACTIONS 206 SILENT LETTERS: -le, k, w, l, b, t, h 208 SILENT GH: /Î/ = igh; /O/ = ough, augh; /Ô/ = ough; /ou/ = ough 213 / / SPELLING PATTERNS: / / = ei, eigh, ey, ea 216 S = /z/, /zh/, /sh/; /F/ = ph, gh; /K/ = ch 219 ANOTHER R-MODIFIED VOWEL SOUND 224 A SPELLING GRAB BAG 226 Homonyms, Homophones, Homographs 226 Multisyllable Words with Suffixes 228 -ce, -ge; -able, -ible 229 PREFIXES: pre-, sub-, re-, auto-, un-, dis-, inter-, super- 230 MORE SUFFIXES: -tion, -sion, -able, -ness, -ful, -less, -ment 233 COMPOUND WORDS 236 BUILDING BLOCKS 237 APPENDIX A: REFERENCE & SUPPLEMENTAL PRACTICE 243 Spelling Strategies 243 Index to Spelling Rules and Patterns 244 Spelling & Pronunciation Chart 245 Plural Spelling Chart 247 Suffix Spelling Chart 248 Student Achievement Chart 249 Student Progress Notes 250 Vision and Motor Coordination Training Exercises 251 Pyramid 253 APPENDIX B: GAMES AND ACTIVITIES 255 Hot Tips 255 The Short Sheet of Vowels 256 The Shoo-Fly Shuffle (a.k.a. Short-Vowel Shuffle) 257 The Train Game 258 Blendit! (Similar to Bingo) 260 StarSearch 261 Bag the Bugs 262 REVIEWS AND RESULTS 263 ABOUT THE AUTHOR 266

Read more less

Book SynopsisThoroughly expanded and updated, this widely acclaimed Companion provides a series of stimulating insights into Gothic writing, its history and genealogy. The New Companion offers comprehensive coverage of the criticism of Gothic writing, and of the various theoretical approaches that it has inspired.Trade ReviewFrom reviews of the previous edition: “It offers a range of strategies for understanding the genre, and is an excellent resource for students, teachers, and scholars of the Gothic.” Gothic Studies “[Its] obvious value ... is its wealth of critical approaches – from good, old-fashioned ‘history of ideas’ readings to the most sophisticated of recent theory.” Romanticism on the Net “The book does not offer a house view of what Gothic is, but instead faithfully reproduces the status of current debates on the relevant genres. Many essays provide useful summaries of criticism or of primary texts; others offer new critical insights.” Times Higher Education “The individual essays are narrow enough to describe discrete topics but useful to newcomer and scholar alike … Punter's volume is sure to be a standard reference for some time to come for undergraduates and scholars.” Choice “Anyone lucky enough to have this volume sitting on their shelves has instant access to the recent thinking of a long list of scholars who have led the way in Gothic studies. The book is a veritable Baedeker's guide that ranges from the historical Goths of the third century to Stephen King in the twentieth century; that explores dimensions of Gothic through painting and cinema, as well as written texts; that roams across Europe and America as well as the British Isles. Punter himself contributes a concise but stimulating introduction.” Studies in Hogg and His World Table of ContentsNotes on Contributors x Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: The Ghost of a History 1 David Punter Part I. Gothic Backgrounds 11 1 In Gothic Darkly: Heterotopia, History, Culture 13 Fred Botting 2 The Goths in History and Pre-Gothic Gothic 25 Robin Sowerby 3 Gothic Shakespeare 38 Dale Townshend 4 European Gothic 64 Neil Cornwell 5 The Gothic Ballad 77 Douglass H. Thomson Part II. The Original Gothic 91 6 Ann Radcliffe and Matthew Lewis 93 Robert Miles 7 Mary Shelley, Author of Frankenstein 110 Nora Crook 8 Walter Scott, James Hogg, and Scottish Gothic 123 Ian Duncan 9 Irish Gothic: C. R. Maturin and J. S. LeFanu 135 Victor Sage 10 The Political Culture of Gothic Drama 148 David Worrall Part III. Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Transformations 161 11 Nineteenth-Century American Gothic 163 Allan Lloyd Smith 12 The Ghost Story 176 Julia Briggs 13 Gothic in the 1890s 186 Glennis Byron 14 Fictional Vampires in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 197 William Hughes 15 Horror Fiction: In Search of a Definition 211 Clive Bloom 16 Love Bites: Contemporary Women’s Vampire Fictions 224 Gina Wisker 17 Gothic Film 239 Heidi Kaye 18 Shape and Shadow: On Poetry and the Uncanny 252 David Punter Part IV. Gothic Theory and Genre 265 19 Gothic Criticism 267 Chris Baldick and Robert Mighall 20 The Gothic Sublime 288 Vijay Mishra 21 Psychoanalysis and the Gothic 307 Michelle A. Massé 22 Comic Gothic 321 Avril Horner and Sue Zlosnik 23 Gothic and the Graphic Novel 335 Julia Round 24 Goth Culture 350 Catherine Spooner Part V. The Globalization of Gothic 367 25 Global Gothic 369 Glennis Byron 26 Australian Gothic 379 Ken Gelder 27 New Zealand Gothic 393 Ian Conrich 28 Canadian Gothic 409 Cynthia Sugars 29 Asian Gothic 428 Katarzyna Ancuta 30 Japanese Gothic 442 Charles Shirō Inouye Part VI. The Continuing Debate 455 31 Can You Forgive Her? The Gothic Heroine and Her Critics 457 Kate Ferguson Ellis 32 Picture This: Stephen King’s Queer Gothic 469 Steven Bruhm 33 Seeing Things: Gothic and the Madness of Interpretation 481 Scott Brewster 34 The Gothic Ghost of the Counterfeit and the Progress of Abjection 496 Jerrold E. Hogle 35 The Magical Realism of the Contemporary Gothic 510 Lucie Armitt 36 Welcome the Coming, Speed the Parting Guest: Hospitality and the Gothic 523 Joanne Watkiss Index 535

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe fully updated new edition of the essential single-volume reference, covering the full fields of linguistics and phonetics Now in its seventh edition, A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics remains the definitive resource work for students of linguistics and phonetics. Originally created by David Crystal and revised for the new seventh edition with Alan C. L. Yu, this dictionary features a wealth of new entries by a team of experts in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. Throughout the text, most pre-existing entries have been updated to reflect the current body of knowledge in the areas of linguistics and phonetics. Covering more than 5,100 terms, the new seventh edition reflects the latest state of the field and accounts for evolutions in research and theory since the publication of the prior edition. The entries provide clear and authoritative definitions of each term and are supported by additional information such as the historical context in which a term was used or the relationship between a term and others from associated fields. This useful work: Features new and updated entries reflecting the way established terms are now perceived in light of changes in the fieldIntegrates ideas from the minimalist program, situating linguistic theory in the broader cognitive sciencesIncludes tables of abbreviations, symbols, and the International Phonetic AlphabetOffers unique insights into the historical development of linguisticsIdentifies major lexical variants as separate headwords, enabling readers to quickly find the location of a termProvides word-class identifiers and usage examples for single-word headwords, especially useful for non-native English speakersA Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, Seventh Edition is an invaluable reference work for professionals, students, and general readers alike, and remains an essential resource for anyone studying linguistics or phonetics at the university level.Table of ContentsPreface to the Seventh Edition vi Acknowledgements xi List of Abbreviations xiii List of Symbols xxii The International Phonetic Alphabet xxvi Alphabetical Entries 1

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Dutch provides a step-by-step course in Dutch as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Dutch in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinct and clearly structured explanations of grammar An extensive range of focused and dynamic supportive exercises Realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of narrative situations Helpful cultural points explaining the customs and features of life in The Netherlands An overview of the sounds of Dutch. Table of Contents1. Piet en Pauline en hun kinderen Piet and Pauline and their children 2. Nederland en België The Netherlands and Belgium 3. Bij de groenteboer At the greengrocer’s 4. Telefoneren Telephoning 5. Bij Piet en Pauline At Piet and Pauline’s 6. Fietsen Cycling 7. Pannekoeken Pancakes 8. Piets ouders zijn op visite Piet’s parents are visiting 9. Na het ontbijt After breakfast 10. Pauline is haar horloge kwijt Pauline can’t find her watch 11. Een retourtje Maastricht, alstublieft A return ticket to Maastricht, please 12. Pauline’s ouders komen naar Nederland Pauline’s parents come to the Netherlands 13. Pauline doet de was Pauline is doing the washing 14. Er zijn eekhoorns in de tuin There are squirrels in the garden 15. Wat heb je met de kerstkaarten gedaan? What have you done with the Christmas cards? 16. Piet is op school Piet is at school 17. Marius wil gaan spelen Marius wants to go and play

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new edition of Practising German Grammar provides you with varied and accessible exercises for developing an in-depth and practical awareness of German as it is spoken and written today. Whether used independently or as the ideal companion to the new sixth edition of the widely acclaimed Hammer's German Grammar and Usage, this fourth edition of Practising German Grammar gives you the right tools to achieve high-level writing competence and comprehension of German. Using lively, authentic texts from a wide range of original sources and offering a variety of new and updated exercises designed to stimulate and to give confidence, Practising German Grammar will help you to master the complexities of the German language.Created especially for the new edition, a companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/durrell offers a wide range of exercises and quizzes on all the main areas of German, suitable for self-study and to accompany instructed grTable of Contents1 Nouns 2 Case 3 Personal pronouns 4 The articles 5 Other determiners and pronouns 6 Adjectives 7 Adverbs 8 Numerals 9 Modal particles 10 Verbs: conjugation 11 The infinitive and the participles 12 The uses of the tenses 13 The passive 14 Mood: the imperative and subjunctive 15 The modal auxiliaries 16 Verbs: valency 17 Conjunctions and subordination 18 Prepositions 19 Word order 20 Word formation 21 Spelling and punctuation

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new edition of Portuguese: An Essential Grammar is a practical reference guide to the most important aspects of modern European Portuguese. Combining traditional and function-based grammar, the book sets out the complexities of Portuguese in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear, free from jargon and substantiated by examples. Throughout, the emphasis is on Portuguese as used by native speakers.This third edition: reflects the new orthographic agreement; includes an expanded section on verbs and pronouns, as well as a new section on syntax; provides authentic examples to illustrate grammar in context; focuses on Portuguese as used in Portugal and Africa; links to Basic Portuguese: A Grammar and Workbook, which offers a valuable set of language practice exercises; includes a detailed contents list and index for easy access to information. Table of ContentsChapter 1 Pronunciation and spelling Chapter 2 Nouns Chapter 3 Articles Chapter 4 Adjectives Chapter 5 Pronouns Chapter 6 Numerals Chapter 7 Verbs Chapter 8 Adverbs Chapter 9 Conjunctions Chapter 10 Prepositions Chapter 11 Elements of Syntax Chapter 12 Additional notes on Portuguese usage Chapter 13 Socializing Chapter 14 Exchanging factual information Chapter 15 Getting things done Chapter 16 Finding out and expressing intellectual attitudes Chapter 17 Judgement and evaluation

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart of a linguistic series covering all major world languages, this volume contains essays that describe the languages of Eastern Europe, including Russian, Greek, Serbo-Croat, Czech and Slovak, Hungarian, Finnish, Turkish, and other Indo-European, Uralic and Slavonic tongues.Trade Review`A fine, scholarly publication' - Scottish Slavonic ReviewTable of ContentsIntroduction Bernard Comrie 1. Indo-European Languages Philip Baldi, Pennsylvania State University 2. Slavonic Languages Bernard Comrie 3. Russian Bernard Comrie 4. Polish Gerald Stone, University of Oxford 5. Czech and Slovak David Short, University of London 6. Serbo-Croat Greville Corbett, University of Surrey 7. Greek Brian D. Joseph, Ohio State University 8. Uralic Languages Robert Austerlitz, Columbia University 9. Hungarian Daniel Abondolo, University of London 10. Finnish Michael Branch, University of London 11. Turkish and the Turkic Languages Jaklin Kornfilt, Syracuse University Language Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe assessment of second language speaking ability has played a central role in the evolution of language testing theory and practice. Educational Testing Service (ETS) has been a primary innovator in all dimensions of speaking assessment since the 1970s, addressing critical challenges through the advent of new test designs, scoring practices, and measurement technologies to make especially large-scale, standardized testing of speaking ability a reality.This volume presents a sample of key ETS research and development efforts related to speaking assessment over the years. The contributors highlight diverse contributions to conceptualizing the speaking construct, designing speaking test tasks, scoring speech samples, marshalling technologies for test delivery and automated scoring, and developing end-to-end speaking assessment procedures. The first part emphasizes how some of the earliest large-scale speaking assessments were designed and put into practice. The second part fea

Read more less

Book SynopsisBasic German: A Grammar and Workbook comprises an accessible reference grammar and related exercises in a single volume.The book introduces German people and culture through the medium of the language used today, covering the core material which students would expect to encounter in their first years of learning German.Each of the 29 units presents one or more related grammar topics, illustrated by examples which serve as models for the exercises that follow. These wide-ranging and varied exercises enable the student to master each grammar point thoroughly.Features include: Clear grammatical explanations with examples in both English and German Authentic language samples from a range of media Checklists at the end of each unit to reinforce key points Cross-referencing to other grammar chapters Full exercise answer key Did you know?' sections with extra learning tips on specific grammar points and insights into cTable of Contents1 What’s different in German? Basic tips and patterns 2 Verbs in the present tense 3 Verb variations and irregular verbs 4 Irregular verbs: haben and sein 5 Separable verbs in the present tense 6 Imperatives 7 Questions 8 Articles 9 Nouns and gender 10 Plural of nouns 11 The four cases 12 The nominative case 13 The accusative case 14 The dative case 15 The genitive case 16 Personal pronouns 17 Possessive adjectives 18 Reflexive verbs 19 Negatives 20 Comparison of adjectives and adverbs 21 Modal verbs 22 The present perfect tense 23 The simple past tense 24 The future tense 25 Prepositions 26 Adjective endings 27 Numbers and dates 28 Conjunctions and clauses 29 Word order

Read more less

Book SynopsisFinnish: A Comprehensive Grammar presents a fresh, accessible and thorough description of the language, concentrating on the real patterns of use in modern Finnish. The book moves from the sound system through morphology and word classes to a detailed analysis of sentence structures and semantic features. Key features include: particular focus on examples from spoken Finnish reflecting current usage grammatical phenomena classified as common or rare appendices identifying stems and sequences of endings English-Finnish contrasts highlighted throughout. Finnish: A Comprehensive Grammar is an essential reference for the intermediate and advanced learner and user of Finnish. Table of ContentsContentsPreface Notational conventions and abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The relation of Finnish to other languages 1.2 Finnish and Finland, past and present 1.3 The basic characteristics of Finnish 1.4 What are the special difficulties? Chapter 2 Pronunciation and sound structure 2.1 Letters and sounds 2.2 Vowels and consonants 2.3 Short and long sounds 2.4 Diphthongs 2.5 Syllables 2.6 Rhythm, word stress patterns and intonation patterns 2.6.1 Rhythm 2.6.2 Word stress patterns 2.6.3 Intonation patterns and accentuation 2.7 Vowel harmony 2.8 Major dialectal differences in pronunciation Chapter 3 Word structure 3.1 Nominals and their inflectional endings 3.2 Finite verb forms and their endings 3.3 Non-finite verb forms and their endings Chapter 4 Two important sound alternations 4.1 Consonant gradation of p, t, k 4.1.1 The types of consonant gradation 4.1.2 The rules of consonant gradation 4.1.3 Applying the basic rule to nominals 4.1.4 Applying the rules to verbs 4.1.5 Additional comments 4.1.6 The most common words with consonant gradation 4.2 Vowel changes before i endings Chapter 5 The declension of nominals 5.1 Nominals inflected on the basic form 5.1.1 Tunti nominals with short final -i 5.1.2 Talo nominals with short final -u, -o, -y, -ö 5.1.3 Kala nominals with short final -a 5.1.4 Isä nominals with short final -ä 5.1.5 Nominals with final diphthong or long vowel 5.2 Nominals with short final -i or -e and separate inflectional stem 5.2.1 Kivi nominals, inflectional stem in -e, partitive -A 5.2.2 Kieli nominals, inflectional stem in -e, partitive -tA 5.2.3 Vesi nominals, inflectional stem in -te, partitive -tA 5.2.4 Perhe nominals with short final -e 5.3 Nominals with a final consonant and separate inflectional stem 5.3.1 Ihminen nominals 5.3.2 Ajat>us nouns 5.3.3 Taivas nominal 5.3.4 Hyv>yys nominals 5.3.5 Ava>in nominals 5.3.6 Työ>tön nominals 5.3.7 Askel nominals 5.3.8 Lyhyt nominals 5.3.9 Adaptation of new borrowed nouns 5.4 Singular and plural Chapter 6 The conjugation of verbs 6.1 Infinitive endings 6.2 Inflectional stems 6.2.1 Anta-a verbs 6.2.2 Saa-da verbs 6.2.3 Tul-la and nous-ta verbs 6.2.4 Huomat-a verbs 6.2.5 Tarvit-a verbs 6.2.6 Lämm>et-ä verbs 6.3 Personal endings and agreement of person Chapter 7 Interplay between Finnish morphology and syntax 7.1 Parts of speech 7.2 Phrases 7.3 Syntactic functions of phrases in clauses 7.4 Cases and adpositional phrases are markers of syntactic functions 7.5 Syntactic functions, phrases and clauses elaborated Chapter 8 Phrases8.1 Phrase types 8.2 The noun phrase 8.2.1 Structure 8.2.2 Agreement within the noun phrase 8.2.3 Functions of the noun phrase 8.2.4 Complexity of the noun phrase 8.3 The adjective phrase 8.4 The numeral phrase 8.5 Adpositional phrases 8.6 The adverb phrase 8.7 The infinitive phrase 8.8 The participle phrase Chapter 9 Simple clauses 9.1 Clause types 9.2 Clauses with basic order subject + verb 9.3 Clauses with basic order verb + subject 9.4 Free adverbials, questions, negation, word order variations 9.5 Clauses without subject 9.6 Negative clauses 9.7 Questions and answers 9.7.1 Questions with -kO (‘yes-no’ questions) 9.7.2 Question-word questions (‘wh-’ questions) 9.8 Minimal examples of simple clause types Chapter 10 Complex sentences 10.1 Types of complex sentences 10.2 Complex sentences with subordinate clauses 10.3 Complex sentences with infinitive and participle phrases 10.4 Nominalization 10.5 Repeated embedding of subordinate clauses, non-finite phrases and nominalizations 10.6 Structure of the predicate Chapter 11 The nominative case 11.1 Nominative singular and plural 11.2 Use of the nominative 11.2.1 The nominative marking subjects, objects and predicate complements 11.2.2 Special uses of the nominative Chapter 12 The partitive case 12.1 Formation of the partitive 12.1.1 Partitive singular 12.1.2 Partitive plural 12.2 Use of the partitive 12.2.1 Partitive subject 12.2.2 Partitive object 12.2.3 Partitive predicate complement 12.2.4 The partitive in expressions of quantity 12.2.5 The partitive with adpositions 12.2.6 Special uses of the partitive Chapter 13 The genitive case and total objects 13.1 Formation of the genitive 13.1.1 Genitive singular 13.1.2 Genitive plural 13.2 Use of the genitive 13.3 The total object 13.3.1 Total object and partitive object 13.3.2 Total object endings 13.4 Quantity adverbials taking object cases Chapter 14 Possessive endings 14.1 Possessive endings in nouns 14.2 Possessive endings in other parts of speech 14.3 Ways of expressing ownership (possession) Chapter 15 The six local cases 15.1 Inessive 15.2 Elative 15.3 Illative 15.4 Adessive 15.5 Ablative 15.6 Allative 15.7 Directional verbs 15.8 Place names Chapter 16 Other cases 16.1 Essive 16.2 Translative 16.3 Abessive 16.4 Comitative 16.5 Instructive Chapter 17 Numbers and numerals 17.1 Cardinal numbers 17.1.1 Inflection of cardinal numbers 17.1.2 Use of cardinal numbers 17.2 Ordinal numbers 17.3 Fractions Chapter 18 Pronouns 18.1 Personal pronouns 18.2 Demonstrative pronouns 18.3 Interrogative pronouns 18.4 Indefinite pronouns 18.5 Relative pronouns Chapter 19 Tenses 19.1 Present tense 19.2 Past tense 19.3 Perfect tense 19.4 Pluperfect tense 19.5 Negative forms 19.6 Expressing future time Chapter 20 Moods and modality 20.1 Indicative 20.2 Conditional 20.3 Imperative 20.4 Potential 20.5 Other means for expressing modality Chapter 21 Passive constructions 21.1 General 21.2 Passive present 21.3 Passive past 21.4 Passive perfect and pluperfect 21.5 Passive moods Chapter 22 Infinitive-based constructions 22.1 General 22.2 A infinitive 22.2.1 Basic form of the A infinitive 22.2.2 A infinitive translative 22.3 E infinitive 22.3.1 E infinitive inessive 22.3.2 E infinitive instructive 22.4 MA infinitive 22.4.1 Formation 22.4.2 MA infinitive inessive 22.4.3 MA infinitive elative 22.4.4 MA infinitive illative 22.4.5 MA infinitive adessive, abessive and instructive 22.5 MINEN infinitive Chapter 23 Participle-based constructions 23.1 General 23.2 VA participle active 23.3 VA participle passive 23.4 The NUT/TTU participles 23.5 The participial construction 23.6 The temporal construction 23.7 The agent construction 23.8 Verb unions with participles or infinitives Chapter 24 Comparison of adjectives 24.1 Comparative 24.2 Superlative Chapter 25 Other word classes and clitics 25.1 Adverbs 25.2 Prepositions 25.3 Postpositions 25.4 Conjunctions 25.5 Discourse particles 25.6 Clitics Chapter 26 Word formation 26.1 General 26.2 Derivation 26.2.1 Deriving nominals from nominals 26.2.2 Deriving nominals from verbs 26.2.3 Deriving verbs from verbs 26.2.4 Deriving verbs from nominals 26.2.5 Rare derivational endings 26.2.6 Multiple derivation 26.3 Compounding Chapter 27 The colloquial spoken language 27.1 General 27.2 Omission and assimilation of sounds 27.3 Differences of form Appendix 1 Detecting word structure Appendix 2 Definitions of key concepts Appendix 3 Material for studying Finnish as a foreign language

Read more less

Book SynopsisGreek: An Essential Grammar is a concise and user-friendly reference guide to modern Greek. It presents a fresh and accessible description of the language in short, readable sections. Explanations are clear and supported by examples throughout. This new edition has been revised and updated to present an accurate and accessible description of the most important aspects of modern Greek.Features include: clear and up-to-date examples special attention to those points which often cause problems to English-speaking learners Greek/English comparisons and contrasts highlighted throughout. Greek: An Essential Grammar is ideal for learners involved in independent study and for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. Levels CEFR scale A1-B2 and ACTFL level Low-Intermediate to Advanced.Table of Contents1. The alphabet and pronunciation 2. The writing system 3. The noun and the noun phrase 4. Pronouns and determiners 5. Numerals 6. The verb and the verb phrase 7. The adverb and the adverbial phrase 8. The preposition and the prepositional phrase 9. Conjunctions and particles 10. The clause 11. Word formation 12. Conversational features Appendices Glossary of grammatical terms. Recommended books for further study. Index of grammatical categories and concepts. Index of Greek words

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial French: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to French as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in French in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial French is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include:A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Table of ContentsContents Acknowledgements Introduction Pronunciation Guide Unit 1 Premiers contacts First contacts Unit 2 Dans la ville In town Unit 3 Manger et boire Food and drink Unit 4 Rencontres Meeting people Unit 5 Projets de vacances Holiday plans Unit 6 Faire ses courses Shopping Unit 7 Planifier un voyage d'affaires Planning a business trip Unit 8 Quel voyage! What a journey! Unit 9 On s'amuse bien. We are enjoying ourselves Unit 10 A Paris In Paris Unit 11 Problemes de sante Health problems Unit 12 Souvenirs Memories Unit 13 Rendez-vous et invitations Appointments and invitations Unit 14 Un week-end a cuisiner A weekend spent cooking Unit 15 Vetements et chaussures Clothes and shoes Unit 16 On cherche une maison. Looking for a house Unit 17 On discute de la maison. Talking about the house Unit 18 Negotiations Negotiations Key to Exercises Reference grammar French-English Glossary Indexes

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new edition of Colloquial Estonian is easy to use and completely up-to-date. Specially written by an experienced teacher for self-study or class use, the course offers you a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Estonian. No prior knowledge of the language is required.What makes Colloquial Estonian your best choice in personal language learning? interactive lots of dialogues and exercises for regular practice clear concise grammar notes practical useful vocabulary and pronunciation guide complete including answer key and special reference section. By the end of this rewarding course you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Estonian in a broad range of everyday situations. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download freely in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texTrade Review 'If you want to get to grips with any of the [European] languages, Routledge's Colloquial series is the best place you could start.'Rough Guide to Europe Table of ContentsIntroduction The Sounds of Estonian 1 Kaks vana sopra – Two old Friends 2 Telefon – The telephone 3 Kohvikus – In a café 4 Tartus – In Tartu 5 Pireti juures – Visiting Piret 6 Nädala päevad – Days of the week 7 Sünnipäev – A birthday 8 Riided – Clothing 9 Piret ostab riideid – Piret buys clothes 10 Ilm ja aastaajad – Weather and the seasons 11 Kauplustes – Shopping 12 Tööolu – Working life 13 Perekonna elu – Family life 14 Meresõit – Sailing 15 Küllakutse – An invitation 16 Eesti kirjandus – Estonian literature 17 Kaubamajas – At a department store 18 Eesti novell – An Estonian short story 19 Rongisõit – A train journey 20 Jõulud – Christmas Key to exercises Ready-reference grammar Glossary of grammatical terms Estonian – English glossary English – Estonian glossary Grammatical index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDo you know French already and want to go a stage further? If you''re planning a visit to France, need to brush up your French for work, or are simply doing a course, Colloquial French 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and to extend your skills.Colloquial French 2 is designed to help those involved in self-study, and structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read lots of modern, everyday French. It has been developed to work systematically on reinforcing and extending your grasp of French grammar and vocabulary.Key features of Colloquial French 2 include:* a broad range of everyday situations, focusing on France and the wider francophone world* revision: material to help consolidate and build up your basics* a wide range of contemporary documents* spoken and written exercises in each unit* highlighted key structures and phrases, a grammar reference and detailed answer keys

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Mongolian is easy to use and completely up to date! Written by experience teachers of the language, Colloquial Mongolian offers a step-by-step approach to written and spoken Mongolian. No previous knowledge of the language is required.Features include:Guide to reading and writing the alphabetLively dialogues in true-to-life situationsConcise grammar explanationsA variety of exercises with full answer key, grammar summary, suffix index and two-way glossaryExplanatory notes on Mongolian culture and customsBy the end of this rewarding course you will be able to communicate confidently and effectively in Mongolian in a broad range of everyday situations.Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop youTable of ContentsIntroduction, The alphabet, Pronunciation 1 A parent's tongue never rests 3 .Actions speak louder than words 4 Nothing ventur.ed, nothing gained 5 ,Never do things by halves 6 There's no place like home 7 You can lead a horse to water 8 , Look before you leap 9 Having no debt is wealth and no illness happiness, 10 , Heaven helps those who help themselves, Grammar summary Key to exercises Mongolian-English vocabulary Mongolian abbreviations, English-Mongolian vocabulary Grammar index, Suffix index, Bibliography

Read more less

Colloquial Scottish Gaelic provides a step-by-step course in Scottish Gaelic as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Scottish Gaelic in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text an overview of the sounds and alphabet of Scottish Gaelic additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogu

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Tibetan provides a step-by-step course in Central Tibetan as it is spoken by native speakers. Combining a thorough treatment of the language as it is used in everyday situations with an accurate written representation of this spoken form, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Tibetan in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills phonetic transliteration of the Tibetan script throughout the course to aid pronunciation and understanding of the writing system structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources availableTrade Review"This is an excellent book which accurately shows the way the actual Tibetan colloquial language is spoken today. Another useful thing about this book is its approach to learning language. You learn to speak the language right away without having to learn the alphabet first, instead gradually learning the alphabet as you go. Above all, it has covered some of the rhetoric, emphatic verbs and adverbs never explained in any other book before… I would definitely recommend it. This is an excellent resource for anyone who wants to learn to speak Tibetan quickly. The book contains many dialogues, language points, cultural points and exercises, helpful for any beginning student of the language." Karma T. Ngodup, The University of Chicago, USA "A vital publication for those wishing to study a language witnessing renewed interest, Colloquial Tibetan addresses the practical aspects of conversation, using the standard Central Tibetan dialect of U-Tsang. The publication provides a clear phonetic breakdown for each lesson, as well as its English translation and Tibetan written form. Importantly, audio accompaniments are available to guide the reader, and will appeal to both dharma students and Tibetologists alike." - The Tibet Foundation Table of ContentsIntroduction. Pronunciation and the Alphabet: basic sounds and symbols. 1. Syllables, letters, combinations and words 2. Hello. Are you well? 3. Where are you from? 4. Where is Tashi? 5. At the Guesthouse 6. Likes and Dislikes 7. Banter at the Teahouse 8. At what time? (Making Arrangements) 9. Food and Restaurants 10. Shopping 11. Aren’t you well? 12. Travel 13. What did he say? 14. Respectfully 15. From Another Perspective Grammar Section Key to Exercises Dialogue Translations Tibetan-English Glossary English-Tibetan Glossary

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Finnish provides a step-by-step course in Finnish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Finnish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Finnish will be an indispensaTable of Contents1. Making contact 2. No thanks 3. Help yourself! 4. Getting around and about 5. What’ll we buy? 6. Let’s go to the kiosk! 7. Isn’t it great to get home for Christmas! 8. From bad to worse 9. Time and space 10. What’ll we do today? 11. More and more quickly 12. There seems to be something under the carpet 13. Easy come 14. Bears can be dangerous, I suppose 15. Serious matters 16. Let it not be said! Key to exercises Appendix A: Finnish names Appendix B: Overveiw of Finnish verb inflection Appendix C: Overview of Finnish nominal inflection Finnish–English glossary English–Finnish glossary Glossary of grammatical terms Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Greek: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Greeceas it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Greek in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Greek is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar index and bilingual glossaries can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progressively build up their speaking, listening, reading and writing skills Jargon-free, succinctTable of Contents1. Reading and speaking Greek 2. Meeting people 3. Travel 4. The family 5. Entertainment 6. Once upon a time . . . 7. Have a good holiday 8. The world of business 9. Buy Greek 10. A friend and a stranger 11. Get better soon 12. A healthy mind . . . 13. Time is money 14. The lion’s share! 15. ???? ???? 16. ??????????

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Gujarati provides a step-by-step course in Gujarati as it is written and spoken today. Combining a user-friendly approach with a thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Gujarati in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required.Key features include: progressive coverage of speaking, listening, reading and writing skills structured, jargon-free explanations of grammar an extensive range of focused and stimulating exercises realistic and entertaining dialogues covering a broad variety of scenarios useful vocabulary lists throughout the text additional resources available at the back of the book, including a full answer key, a grammar summary and bilingual glossaries Balanced, comprehensive and rewarding, Colloquial Gujarati will be an indispensable resource Table of ContentsIntroduction Acknowledgements Introduction AbbreviationsGujarati alphabet and script Map of Gujarat Gujarati alphabet and script 1 કેમ છો? kem chho? 2 પોસ્ટ ઑફિસે post Ophise3 સાથે ખરીદી કરવા sāthe kharidi karvā4 ટેલિફોનમાં વાતચીત tòeliphonmaāÞ vātchit 5 સ્ટેશન તરફ stòeshan taraph6 હોટેલમાં hotòelmāÞ7 જૂના મિત્રોની મુલાકાતે junā mitroni mulākāte 8 નિશાળમાં nishālòmāÞ9 ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મો gujarāti philmo 10 હવાઈ મથકનું ઉદ્દઘાટન havāi mathak nuÞ udghātan 11 થિયેટર તરફ thietòar taraph 12 પ્રેસ પર pres par13 ગાંધીજીની સંસ્થાઓમાં gāndhijini sansthāomāÞ14 પત્રલેખન patralekhan 15 ભાષાંતર bhāshāntar Translation Key to exercises English–Gujarati glossary Thematic English–Gujarati glossaryGujarati–English glossary Thematic Gujarati–English glossaryGrammatical index

Read more less

Book SynopsisDo you know Italian already and want to go a stage further? If you''re planning a visit to Italy, need to brush up your Italian for work, or are simply doing a course, Colloquial Italian 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and to extend your skills.Colloquial Italian 2 is designed to help those involved in self-study; structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read lots of modern, everyday Italian, it has also been developed to work systematically on reinforcing and extending your grasp of Italian grammar and vocabulary.Key features of Colloquial Italian 2 include: Revision material to help consolidate and build up your basics A wided range of contemporary authentic documents, both written and audio Lots of spoken and written exercises in each unit Highlighted key structures and phrases, a Grammar reference and detailed answer keys A broad range of situaTrade Review'adequate and easily accessible of some basic features of Italian culture, history and contemporary life' - Tuttitalia

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fourth edition of Colloquial Romanian has been completely updated to make learning Romanian easier and more enjoyable than ever before.Written by experienced teachers of Romanian, this course offers a step-by-step approach to spoken and written Romanian. No previous knowledge of the language is required.What makes this new edition of Colloquial Romanian you best choice in language learning? lively dialogues reflecting life in contemporary Romania a range of stimulating exercises with full answer key clear grammar notes and summary extensive English-Romanian and Romanian-English glossaries. Audio material to accompany the course is available to download free in MP3 format from www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials. Recorded by native speakers, the audio material features the dialogues and texts from the book and will help develop your listening and pronunciation skiTable of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Good day 2. Welcome to Romania 3. On holiday 4. What’s the time 5. At the restaurant 6. The weather forecast 7. At the Post Office 8. Going shopping 9. Buying a new car 10. Revision 11. Trouble at home 12. Friends 13. A visit to the doctor 14. The dream 15. At the market 16. Gossip 17. Sports 18. A new house 19. Bedtime story 20. Revision Key to exercises. Romanian verb table. Romanian-English glossary. English-Romanian glossary.

Read more less

Book SynopsisColloquial Spanish of Latin America: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Latin American Spanish as it is written and spoken today. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Latin American Spanish in a broad range of situations. No prior knowledge of the language is required. Colloquial Spanish of Latin America is exceptional; each unit presents a wealth of grammatical points that are reinforced with a wide range of exercises for regular practice. A full answer key, a grammar summary, bilingual glossaries and English translations of dialogues can be found at the back as well as useful vocabulary lists throughout. Key features include: A clear, user-friendly format designed to help learners progTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Greetings 2. I leave at six 3. Reserving a hotel room 4. Where is it? 5. Weather and travel 6. Shopping 7. What are you doing? 8. What do I have to do? 9. I have lost 10. What are we going to do today? 11. It is said that 12. What did you do? 13. They will go to the market 14. I used to study 15. I hope you can 16. I would like 17. If I had 18. If you had sent 19. It has been 20. Review

Read more less