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Book SynopsisThis important new book is the first monograph on children's poetry written between 1780 and 1830, when non-religious children's poetry publishing came into its own. Introducing some of the era's most significant children's poets, the book shows how the conventions of children's verse and poetics were established during the Romantic era.Trade Review“The strength of this ambitious monograph lies in the quality of its extensive historical and archival research. In recovering a wealth of children’s secular verse forms, this impressive and rich study is an important and much welcomed addition to the fields of both Romanticism and Children’s Literature Studies.” (Katherine Ingle, Charles Lab Bulletin, Vol. 161, Spring, 2016)“British Children’s Poetry in the Romantic Era is a valuable study of a poetic tradition that has long been rendered invisible by the reigning Romantic aesthetic. … The book is written in a clear yet exploratory prose style, never straying far from its sources as it allows them to guide its lines of inquiry. … British Children’s Poetry is productively utilitarian, offering teachers and scholars a rich taxonomic vocabulary.” (Angela Sorby, Children’s Literature Association Quarterly, Vol. 40 (4), Winter, 2016)“Ruwe’s thorough and thought-provoking formalist study tracks metrical patterns and evaluates the frequency of dramatic, narrative and lyric modes by authors such as Adelaide O’Keeffe and Sara Coleridge. Detailed, perceptive, and crisply written, Ruwe’s case studies identify and define an area that, thanks to her scholarship, will attract much more attention in years to come.” (SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Vol. 55 (4), Autumn, 2015)'[British Children's Poetry in the Romantic Era] features numerous black-and-white illustrations, and the appendices of chapbooks and the rest of the apparutus all display a thoroughness which reveals the fourteen years it took to complete this pioneering work.' - Times Literary Supplement 'Donelle Ruwe's monograph is an excellent study of secular children's verse between 1780 and 1835. As you would expect from the editor of Culturing the Child: Essays in Memory of Mitzi Myers (2005) and Co-President of 18th- and 19th-century British Women Writers Association, Ruwe is an erudite scholar and a flag-bearer for women writers of the past. What a delight to have a book devoted to children's poetry covering a relatively short period of history so that insightful in-depth analysis is possible. As the vast majority of Romantic era poetry for children was written by women, what a joy to find the pages full of references to the often neglected Taylors, O'Keeffe, Smith et al. Ruwe has been extremely thorough in her investigation of children's poetry of the Romantic period and has come up with exciting and original new research.' - Morag Styles, IRSCL JournalTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Reading Romantic-Era Children's Verse 2. Myths of Origin: Original Poems for Infant Minds 3. The Mother Attitudes: Ann Taylor's "My Mother" and the Rise of the Sentimental 4. Teaching Nature and Nationalism: Adelaide O'Keeffe and the Poetry of Active Learning 5. Utilitarian Poetry: Versified Study Guides and Riddles, and the Handmade Verse Cards of Sara Coleridge 6. The Limits of the Romantic-Era Children's Poem: The Case of The Butterfly's Ball

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Book SynopsisA.- Acceptance Region.- Accuracy.- Algorithm.- Alternative hypothesis.- Analysis of binary data.- Analysis of categorical data.- Analysis of residuals.- Analysis of variance.- Anderson Oskar.- Anderson Theodore W.- Anderson-Darling test.- Arithmetic mean.- Arithmetic triangle.- ARMA models.- Arrangement.- Attributable risk.- Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation.- Avoidable risk.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "This book claims to concentrate ‘on the most important topics’ (of Statistics) and explain those ‘as deeply as space has allowed’. … in general, the book is quite easy to read, and the cross-references are useful. … In all, it is a useful reference that should be found in many academic and corporate libraries." (Kimmo Vehkalahti, International Statistical Review, Vol. 76 (3), 2008) "The aim has been to provide a short and concise encyclopaedia for those who do not wish to purchase any of the several large or multi-volume encyclopaedias in the field. … I am inclined to see this as a library reference book for most scientists. Practising statisticians, particularly those teaching, will probably find this a useful reference book with its original references … worked through mathematical aspects and worked examples." (John Goodier, Reference Reviews, Vol. 23 (2), 2009)Table of ContentsA.- Acceptance Region.- Accuracy.- Algorithm.- Alternative hypothesis.- Analysis of binary data.- Analysis of categorical data.- Analysis of residuals.- Analysis of variance.- Anderson Oskar.- Anderson Theodore W.- Anderson-Darling test.- Arithmetic mean.- Arithmetic triangle.- ARMA models.- Arrangement.- Attributable risk.- Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation.- Avoidable risk.

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Book SynopsisLesson 1: Analyzing the Audience, Purpose, and Occasion. Lesson 2: Balancing Precision with Clarity. Lesson 3: Avoiding Ambiguity. Lesson 4: Sustaining Energy.Lesson 5: Connecting IdeasLesson 6: Beginning with the FamiliarLesson 7: Organizing the Content for the AudienceLesson 8: Providing Proper EmphasisLesson 9: Adapting Your Style to Email, Instructions, and ProposalsLesson 10: Using Your Writing Time EfficientlyAppendix A: Grammar: Recognizing What a Sentence Is and Is NotAppendix B: Punctuation: Helping Readers Navigate Your SentencesAppendix C: Usage: Avoiding Egregious MistakesAppendix D: Format: Dressing Documents for Success  Trade Review“Alley gives thorough explanations and color-coded examples about what constitutes a problem and how to fix it, and visual indicators help readers discern the severity of issues being critical, distracting, or cosmetic. The Craft of Scientific Writing is a book that can be valuable to practicing writers who want to work toward more effective, clear scientific writing for a variety of audiences.” (Diane Martinez, Technical Communication, Vol. 65 (4), November, 2018)“The author discusses the many challenges and distinctions in scientific writing, and the effects that good or bad writing can have on one’s career. … Using real-world writing examples and a host of graphics and figures, the author effectively demonstrates what works, what doesn’t, and why. … This easy-to-digest guide will be useful for engineers, scientists, and anyone interested in writing for a science-minded audience, or about science-related topics.” (S. Markgren, Choice, Vol. 56 (03), November, 2018)​Table of Contents1 Analyzing the Audience, Purpose, and Occasion.- 2 Balancing Precision with Clarity.- 3 Avoiding Ambiguity.- 4 Sustaining Energy.- 5 Connecting Ideas.- 6 Beginning with the Familiar.- 7 Organizing the Content for the Audience.- 8 Providing Proper Emphasis.- 9 Adapting Your Style to Email, Instructions, and Proposals.- 10 Using Your Writing Time Efficiently.- Appendix A Grammar: Recognizing What a Sentence Is and Is Not.- Appendix B Punctuation: Helping Readers Navigate Your Sentences.- Appendix C Usage: Avoiding Egregious Mistakes.- Appendix D Format: Dressing Documents for Success.

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction.- 1.1. Imaging Capabilities.- 1.2. Structure Analysis.- 1.3. Elemental Analysis.- 1.4. Summary and Outline of This Book.- Appendix A. Overview of Scanning Electron Microscopy.- Appendix B. Overview of Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis.- References.- 2. The SEM and Its Modes of Operation.- 2.1. How the SEM Works.- 2.1.1. Functions of the SEM Subsystems.- 2.1.1.1. Electron Gun and Lenses Produce a Small Electron Beam.- 2.1.1.2. Deflection System Controls Magnification.- 2.1.1.3. Electron Detector Collects the Signal.- 2.1.1.4. Camera or Computer Records the Image.- 2.1.1.5. Operator Controls.- 2.1.2. SEM Imaging Modes.- 2.1.2.1. Resolution Mode.- 2.1.2.2. High-Current Mode.- 2.1.2.3. Depth-of-Focus Mode.- 2.1.2.4. Low-Voltage Mode.- 2.1.3. Why Learn about Electron Optics?.- 2.2. Electron Guns.- 2.2.1. Tungsten Hairpin Electron Guns.- 2.2.1.1. Filament.- 2.2.1.2. Grid Cap.- 2.2.1.3. Anode.- 2.2.1.4. Emission Current and Beam Current.- 2.2.1.5. Operator Control of the ElecTrade Review“There is no other single volume that covers as much theory and practice of SEM or X-ray microanalysis as Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis, 3rd Edition does. It is clearly written ... well organized. ... This is a reference text that no SEM or EPMA laboratory should be without.” (Thomas J. Wilson, Scanning, Vol. 27 (4), July/August, 2005) “As the authors pointed out, the number of equations in the book is kept to a minimum, and important conceptions are also explained in a qualitative manner. A lot of very distinct images and schematic drawings make for a very interesting book and help readers who study scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. The principal application and sample preparation given in this book are suitable for undergraduate students and technicians learning SEEM and EDS/WDS analyses. It is an excellent textbook for graduate students, and an outstanding reference for engineers, physical, and biological scientists.” (Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 9 (5), October, 2003)Table of Contents1. Introduction.- 1.1. Imaging Capabilities.- 1.2. Structure Analysis.- 1.3. Elemental Analysis.- 1.4. Summary and Outline of This Book.- Appendix A. Overview of Scanning Electron Microscopy.- Appendix B. Overview of Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis.- References.- 2. The SEM and Its Modes of Operation.- 2.1. How the SEM Works.- 2.1.1. Functions of the SEM Subsystems.- 2.1.1.1. Electron Gun and Lenses Produce a Small Electron Beam.- 2.1.1.2. Deflection System Controls Magnification.- 2.1.1.3. Electron Detector Collects the Signal.- 2.1.1.4. Camera or Computer Records the Image.- 2.1.1.5. Operator Controls.- 2.1.2. SEM Imaging Modes.- 2.1.2.1. Resolution Mode.- 2.1.2.2. High-Current Mode.- 2.1.2.3. Depth-of-Focus Mode.- 2.1.2.4. Low-Voltage Mode.- 2.1.3. Why Learn about Electron Optics?.- 2.2. Electron Guns.- 2.2.1. Tungsten Hairpin Electron Guns.- 2.2.1.1. Filament.- 2.2.1.2. Grid Cap.- 2.2.1.3. Anode.- 2.2.1.4. Emission Current and Beam Current.- 2.2.1.5. Operator Control of the Electron Gun.- 2.2.2. Electron Gun Characteristics.- 2.2.2.1. Electron Emission Current.- 2.2.2.2. Brightness.- 2.2.2.3. Lifetime.- 2.2.2.4. Source Size, Energy Spread, Beam Stability.- 2.2.2.5. Improved Electron Gun Characteristics.- 2.2.3. Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB6) Electron Guns.- 2.2.3.1. Introduction.- 2.2.3.2. Operation of the LaB6 Source.- 2.2.4. Field Emission Electron Guns.- 2.3. Electron Lenses.- 2.3.1. Making the Beam Smaller.- 2.3.1.1. Electron Focusing.- 2.3.1.2. Demagnification of the Beam.- 2.3.2. Lenses in SEMs.- 2.3.2.1. Condenser Lenses.- 2.3.2.2. Objective Lenses.- 2.3.2.3. Real and Virtual Objective Apertures.- 2.3.3. Operator Control of SEM Lenses.- 2.3.3.1. Effect of Aperture Size.- 2.3.3.2. Effect of Working Distance.- 2.3.3.3. Effect of Condenser Lens Strength.- 2.3.4. Gaussian Probe Diameter.- 2.3.5. Lens Aberrations.- 2.3.5.1. Spherical Aberration.- 2.3.5.2. Aperture Diffraction.- 2.3.5.3. Chromatic Aberration.- 2.3.5.4. Astigmatism.- 2.3.5.5. Aberrations in the Objective Lens.- 2.4. Electron Probe Diameter versus Electron Probe Current.- 2.4.1. Calculation of dmin and imax.- 2.4.1.1. Minimum Probe Size.- 2.4.1.2. Minimum Probe Size at 10-30 kV.- 2.4.1.3. Maximum Probe Current at 10-30 kV.- 2.4.1.4. Low-Voltage Operation.- 2.4.1.5. Graphical Summary.- 2.4.2. Performance in the SEM Modes.- 2.4.2.1. Resolution Mode.- 2.4.2.2. High-Current Mode.- 2.4.2.3. Depth-of-Focus Mode.- 2.4.2.4. Low-Voltage SEM.- 2.4.2.5. Environmental Barriers to High-Resolution Imaging.- References.- 3. Electron Beam–Specimen Interactions.- 3.1. The Story So Far.- 3.2. The Beam Enters the Specimen.- 3.3. The Interaction Volume.- 3.3.1. Visualizing the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.2. Simulating the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.3. Influence of Beam and Specimen Parameters on the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.3.1. Influence of Beam Energy on the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.3.2. Influence of Atomic Number on the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.3.3. Influence of Specimen Surface Tilt on the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.4. Electron Range: A Simple Measure of the Interaction Volume.- 3.3.4.1. Introduction.- 3.3.4.2. The Electron Range at Low Beam Energy.- 3.4. Imaging Signals from the Interaction Volume.- 3.4.1. Backscattered Electrons.- 3.4.1.1. Atomic Number Dependence of BSE.- 3.4.1.2. Beam Energy Dependence of BSE.- 3.4.1.3. Tilt Dependence of BSE.- 3.4.1.4. Angular Distribution of BSE.- 3.4.1.5. Energy Distribution of BSE.- 3.4.1.6. Lateral Spatial Distribution of BSE.- 3.4.1.7. Sampling Depth of BSE.- 3.4.2. Secondary Electrons.- 3.4.2.1. Definition and Origin of SE.- 3.4.2.2. SE Yield with Primary Beam Energy.- 3.4.2.3. SE Energy Distribution.- 3.4.2.4. Range and Escape Depth of SE.- 3.4.2.5. Relative Contributions of SE1 and SE2.- 3.4.2.6. Specimen Composition Dependence of SE.- 3.4.2.7. Specimen Tilt Dependence of SE.- 3.4.2.8. Angular Distribution of SE.- References.- 4. Image Formation and Interpretation.- 4.1. The Story So Far.- 4.2. The Basic SEM Imaging Process.- 4.2.1. Scanning Action.- 4.2.2. Image Construction (Mapping).- 4.2.2.1. Line Scans.- 4.2.2.2. Image (Area) Scanning.- 4.2.2.3. Digital Imaging: Collection and Display.- 4.2.3. Magnification.- 4.2.4. Picture Element (Pixel) Size.- 4.2.5. Low-Magnification Operation.- 4.2.6. Depth of Field (Focus).- 4.2.7. Image Distortion.- 4.2.7.1. Projection Distortion: Gnomonic Projection.- 4.2.7.2. Projection Distortion: Image Foreshortening.- 4.2.7.3. Scan Distortion: Pathological Defects.- 4.2.7.4. Moiré Effects.- 4.3. Detectors.- 4.3.1. Introduction.- 4.3.2. Electron Detectors.- 4.3.2.1. Everhart–Thornley Detector.- 4.3.2.2. “Through-the-Lens” (TTL) Detector.- 4.3.2.3. Dedicated Backscattered Electron Detectors.- 4.4. The Roles of the Specimen and Detector in Contrast Formation.- 4.4.1. Contrast.- 4.4.2. Compositional (Atomic Number) Contrast.- 4.4.2.1. Introduction.- 4.4.2.2. Compositional Contrast with Backscattered Electrons.- 4.4.3. Topographic Contrast.- 4.4.3.1. Origins of Topographic Contrast.- 4.4.3.2. Topographic Contrast with the Everhart–Thornley Detector.- 4.4.3.3. Light-Optical Analogy.- 4.4.3.4. Interpreting Topographic Contrast with Other Detectors.- 4.5. Image Quality.- 4.6. Image Processing for the Display of Contrast Information.- 4.6.1. The Signal Chain.- 4.6.2. The Visibility Problem.- 4.6.3. Analog and Digital Image Processing.- 4.6.4. Basic Digital Image Processing.- 4.6.4.1. Digital Image Enhancement.- 4.6.4.2. Digital Image Measurements.- References.- 5. Special Topics in Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 5.1. High-Resolution Imaging.- 5.1.1. The Resolution Problem.- 5.1.2. Achieving High Resolution at High Beam Energy.- 5.1.3. High-Resolution Imaging at Low Voltage.- 5.2. STEM-in-SEM: High Resolution for the Special Case of Thin Specimens.- 5.3. Surface Imaging at Low Voltage.- 5.4. Making Dimensional Measurements in the SEM.- 5.5. Recovering the Third Dimension: Stereomicroscopy.- 5.5.1. Qualitative Stereo Imaging and Presentation.- 5.5.2. Quantitative Stereo Microscopy.- 5.6. Variable-Pressure and Environmental SEM.- 5.6.1. Current Instruments.- 5.6.2. Gas in the Specimen Chamber.- 5.6.2.1. Units of Gas Pressure.- 5.6.2.2. The Vacuum System.- 5.6.3. Electron Interactions with Gases.- 5.6.4. The Effect of the Gas on Charging.- 5.6.5. Imaging in the ESEM and the VPSEM.- 5.6.6. X-Ray Microanalysis in the Presence of a Gas.- 5.7. Special Contrast Mechanisms.- 5.7.1. Electric Fields.- 5.7.2. Magnetic Fields.- 5.7.2.1. Type 1 Magnetic Contrast.- 5.7.2.2. Type 2 Magnetic Contrast.- 5.7.3. Crystallographic Contrast.- 5.8. Electron Backscatter Patterns.- 5.8.1. Origin of EBSD Patterns.- 5.8.2. Hardware for EBSD.- 5.8.3. Resolution of EBSD.- 5.8.3.1. Lateral Spatial Resolution.- 5.8.3.2. Depth Resolution.- 5.8.4. Applications.- 5.8.4.1. Orientation Mapping.- 5.8.4.2. Phase Identification.- References.- 6. Generation of X-Rays in the SEM Specimen.- 6.1. Continuum X-Ray Production (Bremsstrahlung).- 6.2. Characteristic X-Ray Production.- 6.2.1. Origin.- 6.2.2. Fluorescence Yield.- 6.2.3. Electron Shells.- 6.2.4. Energy-Level Diagram.- 6.2.5. Electron Transitions.- 6.2.6. Critical Ionization Energy.- 6.2.7. Moseley’s Law.- 6.2.8. Families of Characteristic Lines.- 6.2.9. Natural Width of Characteristic X-Ray Lines.- 6.2.10. Weights of Lines.- 6.2.11. Cross Section for Inner Shell Ionization.- 6.2.12. X-Ray Production in Thin Foils.- 6.2.13. X-Ray Production in Thick Targets.- 6.2.14. X-Ray Peak-to-Background Ratio.- 6.3. Depth of X-Ray Production (X-Ray Range).- 6.3.1. Anderson–Hasler X-Ray Range.- 6.3.2. X-Ray Spatial Resolution.- 6.3.3. Sampling Volume and Specimen Homogeneity.- 6.3.4.Depth Distribution of X-Ray Production, ?(?z).- 6.4. X-Ray Absorption.- 6.4.1. Mass Absorption Coefficient for an Element.- 6.4.2. Effect of Absorption Edge on Spectrum.- 6.4.3. Absorption Coefficient for Mixed-Element Absorbers.- 6.5. X-Ray Fluorescence.- 6.5.1. Characteristic Fluorescence.- 6.5.2. Continuum Fluorescence.- 6.5.3. Range of Fluorescence Radiation.- References.- 7. X-Ray Spectral Measurement: EDS and WDS.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer.- 7.2.1. Operating Principles.- 7.2.2. The Detection Process.- 7.2.3. Charge-to-Voltage Conversion.- 7.2.4. Pulse-Shaping Linear Amplifier and Pileup Rejection Circuitry.- 7.2.5. The Computer X-Ray Analyzer.- 7.2.6. Digital Pulse Processing.- 7.2.7. Spectral Modification Resulting from the Detection Process.- 7.2.7.1. Peak Broadening.- 7.2.7.2. Peak Distortion.- 7.2.7.3. Silicon X-Ray Escape Peaks.- 7.2.7.4. Absorption Edges.- 7.2.7.5. Silicon Internal Fluorescence Peak.- 7.2.8. Artifacts from the Detector Environment.- 7.2.9. Summary of EDS Operation and Artifacts.- 7.3. Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometer.- 7.3.1. Introduction.- 7.3.2. Basic Description.- 7.3.3. Diffraction Conditions.- 7.3.4. Diffracting Crystals.- 7.3.5. The X-Ray Proportional Counter.- 7.3.6. Detector Electronics.- 7.4. Comparison of Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometers with Conventional Energy-Dispersive Spectrometers.- 7.4.1. Geometric Collection Efficiency.- 7.4.2. Quantum Efficiency.- 7.4.3. Resolution.- 7.4.4. Spectral Acceptance Range.- 7.4.5. Maximum Count Rate.- 7.4.6. Minimum Probe Size.- 7.4.7. Speed of Analysis.- 7.4.8. Spectral Artifacts.- 7.5. Emerging Detector Technologies.- 7.5.1. X-Ray Microcalorimetery.- 7.5.2. Silicon Drift Detectors.- 7.5.3. Parallel Optic Diffraction-Based Spectrometers.- References.- 8. Qualitative X-Ray Analysis.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.1. X-Ray Peaks.- 8.2.2. Guidelines for EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.2.1. General Guidelines for EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.2.2. Specific Guidelines for EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.3. Examples of Manual EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.4. Pathological Overlaps in EDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.2.5. Advanced Qualitative Analysis: Peak Stripping.- 8.2.6. Automatic Qualitative EDS Analysis.- 8.3. WDS Qualitative Analysis.- 8.3.1. Wavelength-Dispersive Spectrometry of X-Ray Peaks.- 8.3.2. Guidelines for WDS Qualitative Analysis.- References.- 9. Quantitative X-Ray Analysis: The Basics.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Advantages of Conventional Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis in the SEM.- 9.3. Quantitative Analysis Procedures: Flat-Polished Samples.- 9.4. The Approach to X-Ray Quantitation: The Need for Matrix Corrections.- 9.5. The Physical Origin of Matrix Effects.- 9.6. ZAF Factors in Microanalysis.- 9.6.1. Atomic number effect, Z.- 9.6.1.1. Effect of Backscattering (R) and Energy Loss (S ).- 9.6.1.2. X-Ray Generation with Depth, ?(?z).- 9.6.2. X-Ray Absorption Effect, A.- 9.6.3. X-Ray Fluorescence, F.- 9.7. Calculation of ZAF Factors.- 9.7.1. Atomic Number Effect, Z.- 9.7.2. Absorption correction, A.- 9.7.3. Characteristic Fluorescence Correction, F.- 9.7.4. Calculation of ZAF.- 9.7.5. The Analytical Total.- 9.8. Practical Analysis.- 9.8.1. Examples of Quantitative Analysis.- 9.8.1.1. Al–Cu Alloys.- 9.8.1.2. Ni–10 wt% Fe Alloy.- 9.8.1.3. Ni–38.5 wt% Cr–3.0 wt% Al Alloy.- 9.8.1.4. Pyroxene: 53.5 wt% SiO2, 1.11 wt% Al2O3, 0.62 wt% Cr2O3, 9.5 wt% FeO, 14.1 wt% MgO, and 21.2 wt% CaO.- 9.8.2. Standardless Analysis.- 9.8.2.1. First-Principles Standardless Analysis.- 9.8.2.2. “Fitted-Standards” Standardless Analysis.- 9.8.3. Special Procedures for Geological Analysis.- 9.8.3.1. Introduction.- 9.8.3.2. Formulation of the Bence–Albee Procedure.- 9.8.3.3. Application of the Bence–Albee Procedure.- 9.8.3.4. Specimen Conductivity.- 9.8.4. Precision and Sensitivity in X-Ray Analysis.- 9.8.4.1. Statistical Basis for Calculating Precision and Sensitivity.- 9.8.4.2. Precision of Composition.- 9.8.4.3. Sample Homogeneity.- 9.8.4.4. Analytical Sensitivity.- 9.8.4.5. Trace Element Analysis.- 9.8.4.6. Trace Element Analysis Geochronologic Applications.- 9.8.4.7. Biological and Organic Specimens.- References.- 10. Special Topics in Electron Beam X-Ray Microanalysis.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Thin Film on a Substrate.- 10.3. Particle Analysis.- 10.3.1. Particle Mass Effect.- 10.3.2. Particle Absorption Effect.- 10.3.3. Particle Fluorescence Effect.- 10.3.4. Particle Geometric Effects.- 10.3.5. Corrections for Particle Geometric Effects.- 10.3.5.1. The Consequences of Ignoring Particle Effects.- 10.3.5.2. Normalization.- 10.3.5.3. Critical Measurement Issues for Particles.- 10.3.5.4. Advanced Quantitative Methods for Particles.- 10.4. Rough Surfaces.- 10.4.1. Introduction.- 10.4.2. Rough Specimen Analysis Strategy.- 10.4.2.1. Reorientation.- 10.4.2.2. Normalization.- 10.4.2.3. Peak-to-Background Method.- 10.5. Beam-Sensitive Specimens (Biological, Polymeric).- 10.5.1. Thin-Section Analysis.- 10.5.2. Bulk Biological and Organic Specimens.- 10.6. X-Ray Mapping.- 10.6.1. Relative Merits of WDS and EDS for Mapping.- 10.6.2. Digital Dot Mapping.- 10.6.3. Gray-Scale Mapping.- 10.6.3.1. The Need for Scaling in Gray-Scale Mapping.- 10.6.3.2. Artifacts in X-Ray Mapping.- 10.6.4. Compositional Mapping.- 10.6.4.1. Principles of Compositional Mapping.- 10.6.4.2. Advanced Spectrum Collection Strategies for Compositional Mapping.- 10.6.5. The Use of Color in Analyzing and Presenting X-Ray\ Maps.- 10.6.5.1. Primary Color Superposition.- 10.6.5.2. Pseudocolor Scales.- 10.7. Light Element Analysis.- 10.7.1. Optimization of Light Element X-Ray Generation.- 10.7.2. X-Ray Spectrometry of the Light Elements.- 10.7.2.1. Si EDS.- 10.7.2.2. WDS.- 10.7.3. Special Measurement Problems for the Light Elements.- 10.7.3.1. Contamination.- 10.7.3.2. Overvoltage Effects.- 10.7.3.3. Absorption Effects.- 10.7.4.Light Element Quantification.- 10.8. Low-Voltage Microanalysis.- 10.8.1. “Low-Voltage” versus “Conventional” Microanalysis.- 10.8.2. X-Ray Production Range.- 10.8.2.1. Contribution of the Beam Size to the X-Ray Analytical Resolution.- 10.8.2.2. A Consequence of the X-Ray Range under Low-Voltage Conditions.- 10.8.3. X-Ray Spectrometry in Low-Voltage Microanalysis.- 10.8.3.1. The Oxygen and Carbon Problem.- 10.8.3.2. Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis at Low Voltage.- 10.9. Report of Analysis.- References.- 11. Specimen Preparation of Hard Materials: Metals, Ceramics, Rocks, Minerals, Microelectronic and Packaged Devices, Particles, and Fibers.- 11.1. Metals.- 11.1.1. Specimen Preparation for Surface Topography.- 11.1.2. Specimen Preparation for Microstructural and Microchemical Analysis.- 11.1.2.1. Initial Sample Selection and Specimen Preparation Steps.- 11.1.2.2. Final Polishing Steps.- 11.1.2.3. Preparation for Microanalysis.- 11.2. Ceramics and Geological Samples.- 11.2.1. Initial Specimen Preparation: Topography and Microstructure.- 11.2.2. Mounting and Polishing for Microstructural and Microchemical Analysis.- 11.2.3. Final Specimen Preparation for Microstructural and Microchemical Analysis.- 11.3. Microelectronics and Packages.- 11.3.1. Initial Specimen Preparation.- 11.3.2. Polishing.- 11.3.3. Final Preparation.- 11.4. Imaging of Semiconductors.- 11.4.1. Voltage Contrast.- 11.4.2. Charge Collection.- 11.5. Preparation for Electron Diffraction in the SEM.- 11.5.1. Channeling Patterns and Channeling Contrast.- 11.5.2. Electron Backscatter Diffraction.- 11.6. Special Techniques.- 11.6.1. Plasma Cleaning.- 11.6.2. Focused-Ion-Beam Sample Preparation for SEM.- 11.6.2.1. Application of FIB for Semiconductors.- 11.6.2.2. Applications of FIB in Materials Science.- 11.7.Particles and Fibers.- 11.7.1. Particle Substrates and Supports.- 11.7.1.1. Bulk Particle Substrates.- 11.7.1.2. Thin Particle Supports.- 11.7.2. Particle Mounting Techniques.- 11.7.3. Particles Collected on Filters.- 11.7.4. Particles in a Solid Matrix.- 11.7.5. Transfer of Individual Particles.- References.- 12. Specimen Preparation of Polymer Materials.- 12.1. Introduction.- 12.2. Microscopy of Polymers.- 12.2.1. Radiation Effects.- 12.2.2. Imaging Compromises.- 12.2.3. Metal Coating Polymers for Imaging.- 12.2.4. X-Ray Microanalysis of Polymers.- 12.3. Specimen Preparation Methods for Polymers.- 12.3.1. Simple Preparation Methods.- 12.3.2. Polishing of Polymers.- 12.3.3. Microtomy of Polymers.- 12.3.4. Fracture of Polymer Materials.- 12.3.5. Staining of Polymers.- 12.3.5.1. Osmium Tetroxide and Ruthenium Tetroxide.- 12.3.5.2. Ebonite.- 12.3.5.3. Chlorosulfonic Acid and Phosphotungstic Acid.- 12.3.6. Etching of Polymers.- 12.3.7. Replication of Polymers.- 12.3.8. Rapid Cooling and Drying Methods for Polymers.- 12.3.8.1. Simple Cooling Methods.- 12.3.8.2. Freeze-Drying.- 12.3.8.3. Critical-Point Drying.- 12.4. Choosing Specimen Preparation Methods.- 12.4.1. Fibers.- 12.4.2. Films and Membranes.- 12.4.3. Engineering Resins and Plastics.- 12.4.4. Emulsions and Adhesives.- 12.5. Problem-Solving Protocol.- 12.6. Image Interpretation and Artifacts.- References.- 13. Ambient-Temperature Specimen Preparation of Biological Material.- 13.1. Introduction.- 13.2. Preparative Procedures for the Structural SEM of Single Cells, Biological Particles, and Fibers.- 13.2.1. Particulate, Cellular, and Fibrous Organic Material.- 13.2.2. Dry Organic Particles and Fibers.- 13.2.2.1. Organic Particles and Fibers on a Filter.- 13.2.2.2. Organic Particles and Fibers Entrained within a Filter.- 13.2.2.3. Organic Particulate Matter Suspended in a Liquid.- 13.2.2.4. Manipulating Individual Organic Particles.- 13.3. Preparative Procedures for the Structural Observation of Large Soft Biological Specimens.- 13.3.1. Introduction.- 13.3.2. Sample Handling before Fixation.- 13.3.3. Fixation.- 13.3.4. Microwave Fixation.- 13.3.5. Conductive Infiltration.- 13.3.6. Dehydration.- 13.3.7. Embedding.- 13.3.8. Exposing the Internal Contents of Bulk Specimens.- 13.3.8.1. Mechanical Dissection.- 13.3.8.2. High-Energy-Beam Surface Erosion.- 13.3.8.3. Chemical Dissection.- 13.3.8.4. Surface Replicas and Corrosion Casts.- 13.3.9. Specimen Supports and Methods of Sample Attachment.- 13.3.10. Artifacts.- 13.4. Preparative Procedures for the in Situ Chemical Analysis of Biological Specimens in the SEM.- 13.4.1. Introduction.- 13.4.2. Preparative Procedures for Elemental Analysis Using X-Ray Microanalysis.- 13.4.2.1. The Nature and Extent of the Problem.- 13.4.2.2. Types of Sample That May be Analyzed.- 13.4.2.3. The General Strategy for Sample Preparation.- 13.4.2.4. Criteria for Judging Satisfactory Sample Preparation.- 13.4.2.5. Fixation and Stabilization.- 13.4.2.6. Precipitation Techniques.- 13.4.2.7. Procedures for Sample Dehydration, Embedding, and Staining.- 13.4.2.8. Specimen Supports.- 13.4.3. Preparative Procedures for Localizing Molecules Using Histochemistry.- 13.4.3.1. Staining and Histochemical Methods.- 13.4.3.2. Atomic Number Contrast with Backscattered Electrons.- 13.4.4. Preparative Procedures for Localizing Macromolecues Using Immunocytochemistry.- 13.4.4.1. Introduction.- 13.4.4.2. The Antibody–Antigen Reaction.- 13.4.4.3. General Features of Specimen Preparation for Immunocytochemistry.- 13.4.4.4. Imaging Procedures in the SEM.- References.- 14. Low-Temperature Specimen Preparation.- 14.1. Introduction.- 14.2. The Properties of Liquid Water and Ice.- 14.3. Conversion of Liquid Water to Ice.- 14.4. Specimen Pretreatment before Rapid (Quench) Cooling.- 14.4.1. Minimizing Sample Size and Specimen Holders.- 14.4.2. Maximizing Undercooling.- 14.4.3. Altering the Nucleation Process.- 14.4.4. Artificially Depressing the Sample Freezing Point.- 14.4.5. Chemical Fixation.- 14.5. Quench Cooling.- 14.5.1. Liquid Cryogens.- 14.5.2. Solid Cryogens.- 14.5.3. Methods for Quench Cooling.- 14.5.4. Comparison of Quench Cooling Rates.- 14.6. Low-Temperature Storage and Sample Transfer.- 14.7. Manipulation of Frozen Specimens: Cryosectioning, Cryofracturing, and Cryoplaning.- 14.7.1. Cryosectioning.- 14.7.2. Cryofracturing.- 14.7.3. Cryopolishing or Cryoplaning.- 14.8. Ways to Handle Frozen Liquids within the Specimen.- 14.8.1. Frozen-Hydrated and Frozen Samples.- 14.8.2. Freeze-Drying.- 14.8.2.1. Physical Principles Involved in Freeze-Drying.- 14.8.2.2. Equipment Needed for Freeze-Drying.- 14.8.2.3. Artifacts Associated with Freeze-Drying.- 14.8.3. Freeze Substitution and Low-Temperature Embedding.- 14.8.3.1. Physical Principles Involved in Freeze Substitution and Low-Temperature Embedding.- 14.8.3.2. Equipment Needed for Freeze Substitution and Low-Temperature Embedding.- 14.9. Procedures for Hydrated Organic Systems.- 14.10. Procedures for Hydrated Inorganic Systems.- 14.11. Procedures for Nonaqueous Liquids.- 14.12. Imaging and Analyzing Samples at Low Temperatures.- References.- 15. Procedures for Elimination of Charging in Nonconducting Specimens.- 15.1. Introduction.- 15.2. Recognizing Charging Phenomena.- 15.3. Procedures for Overcoming the Problems of Charging.- 15.4. Vacuum Evaporation Coating.- 15.4.1. High-Vacuum Evaporation Methods.- 15.4.2. Low-Vacuum Evaporation Methods.- 15.5. Sputter Coating.- 15.5.1. Plasma Magnetron Sputter Coating.- 15.5.2. Ion Beam and Penning Sputtering.- 15.6. High-Resolution Coating Methods.- 15.7. Coating for Analytical Studies.- 15.8. Coating Procedures for Samples Maintained at Low Temperatures.- 15.9. Coating Thickness.- 5.10. Damage and Artifacts on Coated Samples.- 15.11. Summary of Coating Guidelines.- References.- Enhancements CD.

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Table of Contents1 Introduction • From Intuitive Concepts to the Definition of Symmetry.- Relative Equality • Equality as a Basis for Geometric Regularity and the Theory of Symmetry.- Geometric Regularity.- Symmetry as a Special Kind of Geometric Law.- Symmetry, Beauty of Form, and Harmony.- 2 Symmetry of One-Sided Rosettes.- Plane of Symmetry • Symmetry of Animals, Plants, Machines, and Other Objects.- Symmetry Axis • Principle of Rotation and the Symmetry of Processes Occurring in Time.- Enantiomorphism • Rightness and Leftness of Figures.- Symmetry Axis Combined with Symmetry Planes.- Formation of Symmetrical Rosettes • Cutting Rosettes from Paper • Role of Physical Factors.- Polar and Nonpolar Planes and Axes.- Singular Points, Lines, and Planes • Multiplicity of Points.- Exact Definition of a One-Sided Rosette.- 3 Symmetry of Figures with a Singular Point.- Mirror-Rotation Axis and Center of Symmetry • The Symmetry of Crystals • Parallel and Antiparallel Segments and Planes.- Symmetry Axis with a Perpendicular Plane m • Rotating Parts of Machines • Crystals • Symmetry of an Electric Voltaic Pile and a Cylindrical Magnet.- Principal Axis Combined with Longitudinal and Transverse Planes m • Snowflakes, Machine Parts, and Everyday Objects.- Principal Axis Combined with Two-Fold Transverse Axes • Twisted Shapes • Rotation of the Plane of Polarization.- Principal Axis Combined with Planes and Two-Fold Axes.- Regular Polyhedra.- The Two Symmetry Classes of the Sphere • Optically Rotating Liquids • Spherulites.- Review of the Symmetry Classes of Figures with a Singular Point • Spherical and Stereographic Projections of Symmetry Elements.- Two Types of Figures with a Singular Point • One-Sided and Two-Sided Rosettes.- Comparison of the Symmetry of Crystals and Organisms • Coordinate and Noncoordinate Notation for Symmetry Classes.- Fedorov Kaleidoscopes for Producing Figures with a Singular Point.- Systems of Equivalent Points • Molecules.- Symmetrical Pencils of Straight Lines and Polyhedra • Simple Forms.- Symmetry and the Structural Formulas of Molecules.- Symmetry of Directed Quantities • Vectors and Tensors.- Concluding Remarks.- 4 Symmetry of One-Sided Bands.- Translation Axis as a Necessary Symmetry Element of Bands • Border Decorations for Subway Passages and Intersections.- Glide-Reflection Plane.- Translation Axis with Transverse Two-Fold Axes • Border Decorations for Passages with Two-Way Traffic.- Other Symmetry Classes of One-Sided Bands.- Kaleidoscopes for Forming One-Sided Bands.- Review of the Seven Symmetry Classes of One-Sided Bands.- 5 Symmetry of Two-Sided Bands.- The Second-Order Screw Axis.- The 31 Symmetry Classes of Bands.- Cutting Bands from Paper.- 6 Symmetry of Rods.- Rational and Irrational Screw Symmetry Axes • Screws.- Basis for the Derivation of the Symmetry Classes of Rods.- Rods Generated by Figures with One Symmetry Axis.- Rods Generated by Figures with One Mirror-Rotation Axis.- Rods Generated by Figures with Symmetry n : m.- Rods Generated by Figures with Symmetry n m.- Rods Generated by Figures with Symmetry n : 2.- Rods Generated by Figures with Symmetry 2ñ m.- Rods Generated by Figures with Symmetry m n : m.- Review of Rod Symmetry Types with Finite and Infinite Translations.- Limiting Symmetry Classes for Rods • Shafts with Pulleys • Screws • One-Dimensional Continua and Discontinua.- Some Generalizations • Unified Principle of Symmetry Transformations in Three-Dimensional Space.- 7 Symmetry of Network Patterns • Two-Dimensional Continua and Semicontinua.- Plane Nets.- The 17 Symmetry Classes of Network Patterns (The Plane Space Groups) • Examples of Patterns in Folk Art.- Projections of Symmetry Elements for Network Patterns • Coordinate and Noncoordinate Notation for Symmetry Classes.- Network Patterns in Nature, Technology, and Art.- Superposition of Net work Patterns • Technical Applications • The Bragg Law • Beats.- Cutting Network Patterns from Paper.- Kaleidoscopes for Network Patterns.- Parallelogons and Planigons • Their Use in Parquets.- Regular Systems of Points • Law of Conservation of the Products of the Multiplicities of Points and Their Relative Numbers.- Plane Isogons and Isohedra • Parquets.- Symmetry Mixing • The Perception of Vertical Planes.- One-Sided Plane Continua.- One-Sided Plane Semicontinua.- 8 Symmetry of Layers.- Symmetry Elements of Layers.- Derivation of the Symmetry Classes of Layers • Representations and Notation.- The 80 Symmetry Classes of Layers.- Two-Sided Plane Continua and Semicontinua.- Systemization of Symmetry Groups.- 9 Symmetry of Three-Dimensional Spaces • Discontinua and Continua.- Kaleidoscopes for Three-Dimensional Periodic Discontinua of the Highest Symmetry.- Space Lattices and Groups of Parallel Translations.- The 230 Space Groups of a Discontinuum • Structure of Crystals.- Close Packing of Spheres • Its Significance for Crystallography and Building Technology.- Fedorov Parallelohedra and Stereohedra.- Law of Multiple Proportions in Structural Crystallography and Chemistry.- Spatial Semicontinua with Two Axes of Continuous Translations.- Spatial Semicontinua with One Axis of Continuous Translations.- Symmetry of Three-Dimensional Continua.- 10 Elements of Group Theory • The Classical Crystallographic Groups.- Definition of a Group • Groups of Transformations of Geometric and Physical Objects • Abstract Groups.- Example: The Crystallographic Group 2/m • Groups of Permutations and Orthogonal Matrices Isomorphic with the Group 2/m.- Some Properties of Groups • Subgroups • Factor Groups • Homomorphic Relationships Between Groups.- Extension of Groups by Means of Direct, Semidirect and Quasi-Products • Crystallographic Groups as Extensions of Rotation Groups.- Space (Fedorov) Groups ? as Extensions of the Translation Groups by Means of the Crystallographic Point Groups and Their Isomorphic Groups by Modulus.- 11 Groups of Generalized Symmetry • Antisymmetry and Colored Symmetry.- Crystallographic Antisymmetry Point Groups as Extensions of the Classical Crystallographic Groups by Means of the Groups 1‘, 2’, m’, 1’, 4(mod 2), 4’(mod 2).- Antisymmetry Space (Shubnikov) Groups III as Extensions of the Classical Space (Fedorov) Groups ? or as Extensions of the Translation Groups T.- Crystallographic Point Groups of Colored Symmetry as Extensions of the Classical Crystallographic Groups by Means of the Groups of Color Permutations P and G(p)*.- The Colored Symmetry Space (Belov) Groups ? as Extensions of the Classical Space (Fedorov) Groups ? or as Extensions of the Translation Groups T.- Limits to Symmetry Theory • Other Generalizations.- 12 Symmetry in Science and Art • Conservation Laws • Symmetrization and Dissymmetrization of Physical Systems • Principle of Symmetry for Composite Systems.- Symmetry and Structure • Symmetry as a Structural Law of Integral Systems and as a Method of Studying Structural Regularities.- Transformation Laws and Symmetry of Physical Quantities (in the Approximation of a Homogeneous Continuum) • Limiting Groups of Antisymmetry and Colored Symmetry.- Transformation Laws and Symmetry of Physical Quantities (in the Approximation of a Periodic Discontinuum) • Space Tensors in Colored Groups.- Composite Systems • Principle of the Superposition of Symmetry Groups • Laws Governing Changes and Conservation of Symmetry.- Relation Between the Symmetries and Properties of Systems • Symmetry of Physical Equations and Laws • Conservation Laws and Phase Transitions.- Symmetry and Dissymmetry in Art • Laws of Composition • Structure-System Methods of Analyzing Artistic Creations.- Conclusion • Heuristic Significance of the Principles of Symmetry • Symmetry as a Philosophical Concept.- Resumé.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about the behaviour of teleosts, a well-defined, highly successful, taxonomic group of vertebrate animals sharing a common body plan and forming the vast majority of living bony fishes.Table of ContentsOne: Bases of Behaviour.- 1. Genetic Basis of Fish Behaviour.- 2. Motivational Basis of Fish Behaviour.- 3. Development of Behaviour in Fishes.- Two: Sensory Modalities.- 4. Role of Vision in Fish Behaviour.- 5. Underwater Sound and Fish Behaviour.- 6. Role of Olfaction in Fish Behaviour.- 7. Role of the Lateral Line in Fish Behaviour.- Three: Behavioural Ecology.- 8. Foraging in Teleost Fishes.- 9. Constraints Placed by Predators on Feeding Behaviour.- 10. Teleost Mating: Systems and Strategies.- 11. Williams’ Principle: an Explanation of Parental Care in Teleost Fishes.- 12. Functions of Shoaling Behaviour in Teleosts.- 13. Individual Differences in Fish Behaviour.- 14. Fish Behaviour by Day, Night and Twilight.- 15. Intertidal Teleosts: Life in a Fluctuating Environment.- 16. Behavioural Ecology of Sticklebacks.- 17. Behavioural Ecology of Cave-dwelling Fishes.- Four: Applied Fish Behaviour.- 18. Fish Behaviour and Fishing Gear.- 19. Fish Behaviour and the Management of Freshwater Fisheries.- Author Index.- Fish Index.

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Book Synopsis1. New Directions in Building Design.- 1.1. Change from Master Builders to Managers.- 1.2. Basic Traditional Building Procedure.- 1.3. Systems Design Approach to Building.- 1.4. Design by Building Team.- 2. Basic Building Elements and Their Representation.- 2.1. Main Parts of Buildings.- 2.2. Floors and Ceilings.- 2.3. Roofs.- 2.4. Exterior Walls and Openings.- 2.5. Partitions, Doors, and Interior-Wall Finishes.- 2.6. Structural Framing and Foundations.- 2.7. Plumbing.- 2.8. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems.- 2.9. Lighting.- 2.10. Acoustics.- 2.11. Electric Supply.- 2.12. Vertical-Circulation Elements.- 2.13. Why Drawings Are Necessary.- 2.14. Drawing Conventions.- 2.15. Types of Drawings.- 2.16. Specifications.- 2.17. Scales and Dimensions on Drawings.- 2.18. Elevation Views.- 2.19. Plan Views.- 2.20. Lines.- 2.21. Sections.- 2.22. Details.- 2.23. Survey and Plot Plans.- 3. Systems Design Method.- 3.1. Models.- 3.2. Value Measures for Comparisons 643.3. ComparTable of Contents1. New Directions in Building Design.- 1.1. Change from Master Builders to Managers.- 1.2. Basic Traditional Building Procedure.- 1.3. Systems Design Approach to Building.- 1.4. Design by Building Team.- 2. Basic Building Elements and Their Representation.- 2.1. Main Parts of Buildings.- 2.2. Floors and Ceilings.- 2.3. Roofs.- 2.4. Exterior Walls and Openings.- 2.5. Partitions, Doors, and Interior-Wall Finishes.- 2.6. Structural Framing and Foundations.- 2.7. Plumbing.- 2.8. Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems.- 2.9. Lighting.- 2.10. Acoustics.- 2.11. Electric Supply.- 2.12. Vertical-Circulation Elements.- 2.13. Why Drawings Are Necessary.- 2.14. Drawing Conventions.- 2.15. Types of Drawings.- 2.16. Specifications.- 2.17. Scales and Dimensions on Drawings.- 2.18. Elevation Views.- 2.19. Plan Views.- 2.20. Lines.- 2.21. Sections.- 2.22. Details.- 2.23. Survey and Plot Plans.- 3. Systems Design Method.- 3.1. Models.- 3.2. Value Measures for Comparisons 643.3. Comparisons of Systems.- 3.4. Return on Investment.- 3.5. Constraints Imposed by Building Codes.- 3.6. Zoning Codes.- 3.7. Other Constraining Regulations.- 3.8. Systems Design Steps.- 3.9. System Goals.- 3.10. System Objectives.- 3.11. System Constraints.- 3.12. Value Analysis.- 3.13. Optimum Design of Complex Systems.- 4. Application of Systems Design to Buildings.- 4.1. Considerations in Adaptation of Systems Design.- 4.2. Role of Owner.- 4.3. Conceptual Phase of Systems Design.- 4.4. Design Development Phase of Systems Design.- 5. Contract Documents and Construction Methods.- 5.1. Responsibilities Assigned by the Construction Contract.- 5.2. Components of the Contract Documents.- 5.3. Contract Drawings.- 5.4. Specifications.- 5.5. Bidding Requirements.- 5.6. Contractors Drawings.- 5.7. Construction and Occupancy Permits.- 5.8. Construction Procedures.- 6. Life Safety Concerns.- 6.1. Windstorms.- 6.2. Earthquakes.- 6.3. Fire.- 6.4. Fire Extinguishment.- 6.5. Emergency Egress.- 6.6. Fire Protection.- 6.7. Security.- 6.8. Barrier-Free Environments.- 6.9. Toxic Materials.- 6.10. Construction Safety.- 7. Building Sites and Foundations.- 7.1. Site Considerations.- 7.2. Site Surveys.- 7.3. Soil Considerations for Site and Foundation Design.- 7.4. Shallow Bearing Foundations.- 7.5. Deep Foundations.- 7.6. Lateral and Uplift Forces on Structures.- 7.7. Site Development Considerations 1917.8. Cofferdams and Foundation Walls.- 7.9. Bewatering of Excavations.- 7.10. Investigation and Testing.- 7.11. Systems-Design Approach to Site Adaptation.- 8. Structural Systems.- 8.1. Building Loads.- 8.2. Deformations of Structural Members.- 8.3. Unit Stresses and Strains.- 8.4. Idealization of Structural Materials.- 8.5. Structural Materials.- 8.6. Typical Major Constraints on Structural Systems.- 8.7. Tension Members.- 8.8. Columns.- 8.9. Trusses.- 8.10. Beams.- 8.11. Arches and Rigid Frames.- 8.12. Shells and Folded Plates.- 8.13. Cable-Supported Roofs.- 8.14. Pneumatic Structures.- 8.15. Horizontal Framing Systems.- 8.16. Vertical Structural Systems.- 8.17. Systems-Design Approach to Structural Systems.- 9. Plumbing.- 9.1. Water Supply.- 9.2. Wastewater Disposal.- 9.3. Basic Principles of Plumbing.- 9.4. Water-supply Systems.- 9.5. Sizing of Water-Supply Pipes.- 9.6. Wastewater-Removal Systems.- 9.7. Sizing of Wastewater and Vent Pipes.- 9.8. Piping for Heating Gas.- 9.9. Systems Design of Plumbing.- 10. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning.- 10.1. Design Considerations.- 10.2. Measurement of Heat.- 10.3. Heat Flow and Human Comfort.- 10.4. Thermal Insulation.- 10.5. Prevention of Damage from Condensation.- 10.6. Ventilation.- 10.7. Heat Losses.- 10.8. Heat Gains.- 10.9. Methods of Heating Buildings.- 10.10. Methods of Cooling and Air Conditioning Buildings.- 10.11. Passive Design.- 10.12. Systems-Design Approach to HVAC.- 11. Lighting.- 11.1. Accident Prevention.- 11.2. Quantity of Light.- 11.3. Quality of Light.- 11.4. Color.- 11.5. Lighting Strategies.- 11.6. Daylight.- 11.7. Lighting Equipment.- 11.8. Systems-Design Approach to Lighting.- 12. Sound and Vibration Control.- 12.1. Nature of Sounds and Vibrations.- 12.2. Measurement of Sounds.- 12.3. Acoustic Properties of Materials.- 12.4. Sound and Vibration Design Criteria.- 12.5. Sound and Vibration Control.- 12.6. Systems-Design Approach to Sound and Vibration Control.- 13. Electrical Systems.- 13.1. Characteristics of Direct Current.- 13.2. Characteristics of Alternating Current.- 13.3. Electrical Loads.- 13.4. Electrical Conductors and Raceways.- 13.5. Power-Systems Apparatus.- 13.6. Electrical Distribution in Buildings.- 13.7. Communication Systems.- 13.8. Systems-Design Approach to Electrical Distribution.- 14. Vertical Circulation.- 14.1. Ramps.- 14.2. Stairs.- 14.3. Escalators.- 14.4. Elevators.- 14.5. Dumbwaiters.- 14.6. Pneumatic Tubes and Vertical Conveyors.- 14.7. Systems-Design Approach to Vertical Circulation.- 15. Systems for Enclosing Buildings.- 15.1. Roofs.- 15.2. Roofmg.- 15.3. Exterior Walls.- 15.4. Single-Enclosure Systems.- 15.5. Windows.- 15.6. Doors in Exterior Walls.- 15.7. Systems-Design Approach to Building Enclosure.- 16. Systems for Interior Construction.- 16.1. Interior Walls and Partitions.- 16.2. Ordinary Doors.- 16.3. Special-Purpose Doors.- 16.4. Floor-Ceiling and Roof-Ceiling Systems.- 16.5. Interior Finishes.- 16.6. Systems-Design Approach to Interior Systems.- 17. Building Systems.- 17.1. Mishaps and Corrective Measures.- 17.2. Design of a Building System.- 17.3. Case-Study One: McMaster Health Sciences Center.- 17.4. Case-Study Two: Xerox International Center for Training and Management Development.- 17.5. Case-Study Three: Suburban Office Building for AT & T.- 17.6. Case-Study Four: A Glass-Enclosed Office Tower.- 17.7. Case-Study Five: An Office Building on a Tight Site.- 17.8. Case-Study Six: Office Building for Prudential Insurance Company.- 17.9. Case-Study Seven: Rowes Wharf Harbor Redevelopment Project.

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Book Synopsis1 Biology of the Channel Catfish.- 1. General Biology.- 2. Life History and Reproductive Biology.- 3. Genetics.- 4. Environmental Requirements.- 5. Nutrition.- 2 Cultural Practices.- 6. Breeding.- 7. Egg and Fry Production.- 8. Fingerling and Food-Fish Production in Ponds.- 9. Water Quality Management In Ponds.- 10. Feeds and Feeding Practices.- 11. Infectious Diseases.- 12. Harvesting and Transporting.- 13. Alternative Culture Systems.- Appendices.Table of Contents1 Biology of the Channel Catfish.- 1. General Biology.- Morphology.- Respiration and circulation.- Osmoregulation.- Sensory function.- Immune function.- References.- 2. Life History and Reproductive Biology.- General life history.- Male reproductive biology.- Female reproductive biology.- Spawning and fertilization.- Early life history.- References.- 3. Genetics.- Basic genetics.- Qualitative traits.- Quantitative traits.- References.- 4. Environmental Requirements.- Salinity.- Temperature.- Dissolved oxygen.- Alkalinity and hardness.- Carbon dioxide.- pH.- Ammonia.- Nitrite.- Hydrogen sulfide.- Suspended solids and turbidity.- Total gas pressure.- Copper and zinc.- References.- 5. Nutrition.- Energy.- Nutrients.- Digestion.- References.- 2 Cultural Practices.- 6. Breeding.- The need for planned breeding programs.- Guidelines for a minimal breeding program.- Breeding for qualitative traits.- Breeding for quantitative traits.- Nontraditional genetic improvement programs.- References.- 7. Egg and Fry Production.- Brood fish management.- Methods of propagation.- Hatchery design.- Hatchery practices.- Fry inventory methods.- References.- 8. Fingerling and Food-Fish Production in Ponds.- Pond culture systems.- Fingerling production.- Food-fish production.- Record keeping.- Investments and costs.- Water use in ponds.- Fish-eating birds.- Polyculture systems.- References.- 9. Water Quality Management In Ponds.- Dissolved oxygen and aeration.- Total alkalinity and hardness.- Carbon dioxide and pH.- Ammonia and nitrite.- Off-flavor.- Aquatic weed control.- Turbidity.- Hydrogen sulfide.- Toxic algae.- Pesticides.- References.- 10. Feeds and Feeding Practices.- Feedstuffs.- Feed formulation.- Feed processing.- Feeding practices.- References.- 11. Infectious Diseases.- Role of environmental conditions.- Clinical signs of fish diseases.- Disease diagnosis.- Viral diseases.- Bacterial diseases.- Fungal diseases.- Protozoan parasites.- Metazoan parasites.- Diseases of uncertain origin.- Diseases of eggs.- Disease treatments.- Treatment rate calculations.- References.- 12. Harvesting and Transporting.- Considerations before harvest.- Harvesting fish from ponds.- Transporting fish.- References.- 13. Alternative Culture Systems.- Cage culture.- Raceway culture.- Closed, water-recirculating systems.- References.- Appendices.

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Book Synopsis1 General Account of the Geomagnetic Field.- 2 Role of Geomagnetic Field in Vital Activity of Organisms on Earth.- 3 Questions of General Geomagnetobiology.- 4 Specific Aspects of Geomagnetobiology.- 5 Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effect of the Geomagnetic Field.- References.Table of Contents1 General Account of the Geomagnetic Field.- 2 Role of Geomagnetic Field in Vital Activity of Organisms on Earth.- 3 Questions of General Geomagnetobiology.- 4 Specific Aspects of Geomagnetobiology.- 5 Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effect of the Geomagnetic Field.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis bestselling book guides PhD students through their graduate years and beyond. Filled with practical advice on getting started, communicating with your supervisor, staying the course, and planning for the future, this book is an indispensable guide for graduate students who need that extra bit of help getting started and making it through. Who should read this book? Any student currently in, or curious about, a PhD programme, be it in the physical and life sciences, engineering, computer science, math, medicine, or the humanities — this book tackles the obstacles and hurdles that almost all PhD students face during their doctoral training. Whether you’re at the very beginning of your research, close to the end, or just feeling frustrated and stuck at any point in between…it’s never too early — or too late — to focus on your success! This third edition contains a variety of new material, including additional chapters and advice on how to make the most of remote learning, collaboration, and communication tools, as well as updated material on your next career step once you have your coveted doctoral degree in hand. Some of the material in the third edition appeared as part of a monthly column on the ScienceCareers website.Table of ContentsPreface.- Choosing a Research Group: Pluses and Pitfalls.- Getting Started.- Setting Goals and Objections.- How to Think Like a Scientist.- Designing Good Experiments.- Charting your Progress Month by Month.- Dealing with Setbacks.- Mentors, Leadership and Community.- How to Get Along with Your Labmates, et al.- Group dynamics: Dealing with Difficult Colleagues.- The Art of Good Communication.- Mastering Presentations & Group Meetings.- Searching the Scientific Literature.- Your First International Conference.- From Data to Manuscript: Writing scientific papers that shine.- Celebrate your Success.- How to Make the Best of your Annual Evaluation.- The Final Year: Countdown to your Thesis Defense.- Writing your Doctoral Thesis with Style.- The Final Act: Defending your Thesis with Panache.- Putting it all Together: A PhD. . .So What’s Next?.- Is Industry Right for You? Opportunities to Explore.- Exploring Non-Profit Organizations.- Lessons Learned.

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Book Synopsis1. Introduction to Team Diversity and Inclusion in Defence and Security.- 2. Diversity for Diversity's Sake? Diversity and Military Efficiency within Western Armies: A Systematic Literature Review.- 3. Gender Diversity.- 4. Redefining the Warrior Archetype: How Creating a Contemporary Warrior Identity Can Lead to Greater Team Diversity and Inclusion in Defence Teams.- 5. Racial, Religious and Ethnic Minorities in the Military Context: Challenges and Best Practices for Building Team Cohesion.- 6. Connecting Culture and Service:  How Acknowledging Individual Human Experiences and Identity Builds Connectedness and Shapes a Culture of Inclusion.- 7. The Intersectionality of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in Shaping Cultural and Social Identities in Multinational Team Environments.- 8. Managing Diversity in the Bulgarian Armed Forces: Challenges and Opportunities.- 9. Team Diversity and Inclusion Measurement Model in Defence.- 10. Leadership and Team Effectiveness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces (Defence Expert Centre on Leadership, Subject Matter Experts).- 11. Developing a Continuous Improvement Model to Support the Development of Inclusive Organizational Cultures.- 12. Evidence-based Diversity in the Military Context.- 13. Innovative Approaches to Understanding Diversity and Inclusion in Defence Environments.- 14. Future Insights on Team Diversity and Inclusion in Defence and Security.

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Book SynopsisAward-winning monograph of the Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize 2001. Subgroup growth studies the distribution of subgroups of finite index in a group as a function of the index. In the last two decades this topic has developed into one of the most active areas of research in infinite group theory; this book is a systematic and comprehensive account of the substantial theory which has emerged.As well as determining the range of possible 'growth types', for finitely generated groups in general and for groups in particular classes such as linear groups, a main focus of the book is on the tight connection between the subgroup growth of a group and its algebraic structure. A wide range of mathematical disciplines play a significant role in this work: as well as various aspects of infinite group theory, these include finite simple groups and permutation groups, profinite groups, arithmetic groups and Strong Approximation, algebraic and analytic number theory, probability, and p-adic model theory. Relevant aspects of such topics are explained in self-contained 'windows'.Trade ReviewSubgroup Growth is an extremely well-written book and is a delight to read. It has a wealth of information making a rich and timely contribution to an emerging area in the theory of groups which has come to be known as Asymptotic Group Theory. This monograph and the challenging open problems with which it concludes are bound to play a fundamental role in the development of the subject for many years to come. —Journal Indian Inst of Science "[Subgroup growth] is one of the first books on Asymptotic Group Theory – a new, quickly developing direction in modern mathematics…The book of A. Lubotzky and D.Segal, leading specialists in group theory, answers…questions in a beautiful way .…It was natural to expect a text on the subject that would summarize the achievements in the field and we are very lucky to witness the appearance of this wonderful book. …Readers will be impressed with the encyclopedic scope of the text. It includes all, or almost all, topics related to subgroup growth ….The book also includes plenty of general information on topics that are well known to algebraic audiences and should be part of the background for every modern researcher in mathematics. …a wonderful methodological tool introduced by the authors. … The book ends [with] a section on open problems, which contains 35 problems related to subgroup growth. The list will be useful and interesting to both established mathematicians and young researchers. There is no doubt that the list includes the most important and illuminating problems in the area, and we eagerly anticipate solutions of at least some of them in the near future. The book will surely have [a] big impact on all readers interested in Group Theory, as well as in Algebra and Number Theory in general." —Bulletin of the AMS "The proofs in this book employ a remarkable variety of tools, from all branches of group theory, certainly, but also from number theory, logic, and analysis…. The authors supply surveys, and some proofs, of necessary results, in the "windows" at the end of the book. These comprise about one quarter of the full book, and they give the needy reader a handy reference, without interrupting the flow of argument in the main text…. Since the subject of this book is an active area of current research, there are many open problems in it…." —Mathematical ReviewsTable of Contents0 Introduction and Overview.- 0.1 Preliminary comments and definitions.- 0.2 Overview of the chapters.- 0.3 On CFSG.- 0.4 The windows.- 0.5 The ‘notes’.- 1 Basic Techniques of Subgroup Counting.- 1.1 Permutation representations.- 1.2 Quotients and subgroups.- 1.3 Group extensions.- 1.4 Nilpotent and soluble groups.- 1.5 Abelian groups I.- 1.6 Finite p-groups.- 1.7 Sylow’s theorem.- 1.8 Rest riet ing to soluble subgroups.- 1.9 Applications of the ‘minimal index’.- 1.10 Abelian groups II.- 1.11 Growth types.- Notes.- 2 Free Groups.- 2.1 The subgroup growth of free groups.- 2.2 Subnormal subgroups.- 2.3 Counting d-generator finite groups.- Notes.- 3 Groups with Exponential Subgroup Growth.- 3.1 Upper bounds.- 3.2 Lower bounds.- 3.3 Free pro-p groups.- 3.4 Normal subgroups in free pro-p groups.- 3.5 Relations in p-groups and Lie algebras.- Notes.- 4 Pro-p Groups.- 4.1 Pro-p groups with polynomial subgroup growth.- 4.2 Pro-p groups with slow subgroup growth.- 4.3 The groups $$SL_r^1({\mathbb{F}_p}[[t]])$$.- 4.4 A-perfect groups.- 4.5 The Nottingham group.- 4.6 Finitely presented pro-p groups.- Notes.- 5 Finitely Generated Groups with Polynomial Subgroup Growth.- 5.1 Preliminary observations.- 5.2 Linear groups with PSG.- 5.3 Upper chief factors.- 5.4 Groups of prosoluble type.- 5.5 Groups of finite upper rank.- 5.6 The degree of polynomial subgroup growth.- Notes.- 6 Congruence Subgroups.- 6.1 The characteristic 0 case.- 6.2 The positive characteristic case.- 6.3 Perfect Lie algebras.- 6.4 Normal congruence subgroups.- Notes.- 7 The Generalized Congruence Subgroup Problem.- 7.1 The congruence subgroup problem.- 7.2 Subgroup growth of lattices.- 7.3 Counting hyperbolic manifolds.- Notes.- 8 Linear Groups.- 8.1 Subgroup growth, characteristic 0.- 8.2 Residually nilpotent groups.- 8.3 Subgroup growth, characteristic p.- 8.4 Normal subgroup growth.- Notes.- 9 Soluble Groups.- 9.1 Metabelian groups.- 9.2 Residually nilpotent groups.- 9.3 Some finitely presented metabelian groups.- 9.4 Normal subgroup growth in metabelian groups.- Notes.- 10 Profinite Groups with Polynomial Subgroup Growth.- 10.1 Upper rank.- 10.2 Profinite groups with wPSG: structure.- 10.3 Quasi-semisimple groups.- 10.4 Profinite groups with wPSG: characterization.- 10.5 Weak PSG = PSG.- Notes.- 11 Probabilistic Methods.- 11.1 The probability measure.- 11.2 Generation probabilities.- 11.3 Maximal subgroups.- 11.4 Further applications.- 11.5 Pro-p groups.- Notes.- 12 Other Growth Conditions.- 12.1 Rank and bounded generation.- 12.2 Adelic groups.- 12.3 The structure of finite linear groups.- 12.4 Composition factors.- 12.5 BG, PIG and subgroup growth.- 12.6 Residually nilpotent groups.- 12.7 Arithmetic groups and the CSP.- 12.8 Examples.- Notes.- 13 The Growth Spectrum.- 13.1 Products of alternating groups.- 13.2 Some finitely generated permutation groups.- 13.3 Some profinite groups with restricted composition factors.- 13.4 Automorphisms of rooted trees.- Notes.- 14 Explicit Formulas and Asymptotics.- 14.1 Free groups and the modular group.- 14.2 Free products of finite groups.- 14.3 Modular subgroup arithmetic.- 14.4 Surface groups.- Notes.- 15 Zeta Functions I: Nilpotent Groups.- 15.1 Local zeta functions as p-adic integrals.- 15.2 Alternative methods.- 15.3 The zeta function of a nilpotent group.- Notes.- 16 Zeta Functions II: p-adic Analytic Groups.- 16.1 Integration on pro-p groups.- 16.2 Counting subgroups in a p-adic analytic group.- 16.3 Counting orbits.- 16.4 Counting p-groups.- Notes.- Windows.- 1 Finite Group Theory.- 1 Hall subgroups and Sylow bases.- 2 Carter subgroups.- 3 The Fitting subgroup.- 4 The generalized Fitting subgroup.- 5 Tate’s theorem.- 6 Rank and p-rank.- 7 Schur multiplier.- 8 Powerful p-groups.- 9 GLn and Sym(n).- 2 Finite Simple Groups.- 1 The list.- 2 Generators.- 3 Subgroups.- 4 Representations.- 5 Automorphisms.- 6 Schur multipliers.- 7 An elementary proof.- 3 Permutation Groups.- 1 Primitive groups.- 2 Groups with restricted sections.- 3 Subgroups of alternating groups.- 4 Profinite Groups.- 1 Completions.- 2 Free profinite groups.- 3 Profinite presentations.- 5 Pro-p Groups.- 1 Generators and relations.- 2 Pro-p groups of finite rank.- 3 Linear pro-p groups over local fields.- 4 Automorphisms of finite p-groups.- 5 Hall’s enumeration principle.- 6 Soluble Groups.- 1 Nilpotent groups.- 2 Soluble groups of finite rank.- 3 Finitely generated metabelian groups.- 7 Linear Groups.- 1 Soluble groups.- 2 Jordan’s theorem.- 3 Monomial groups.- 4 Finitely generated groups.- 5 Lang’s theorem.- 8 Linearity Conditions for Infinite Groups.- 1 Variations on Mal’cev’s local theorem.- 2 Groups that are residually of bounded rank.- 3 Applications of Ado’s theorem.- 9 Strong Approximation for Linear Groups.- 1 A variant of the Strong Approximation Theorem.- 2 Subgroups of SLn(Fp).- 3 The ‘Lubotzky alternative’.- 4 Strong approximation in positive characteristic.- 10 Primes.- 1 The Prime Number Theorem.- 2 Arithmetic progressions and the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem.- 3 Global fields and Chebotarev’s theorem.- 11 Probability.- 12 p-adic Integrals and Logic.- 1 Results.- 2 A peek inside the black box.- Open Problems.- 1 ‘Growth spectrum’.- 2 Normal subgroup growth in pro-p groups and metabelian groups.- 3 The degree of f.g. nilpotent groups.- 4 Finite extensions.- 5 Soluble groups.- 6 Isospectral groups.- 7 Congruence subgroups, lattices in Lie groups.- 8 Other growth conditions.- 9 Zeta functions.

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsGrundlagen.- Energiebilanz.- Kohlenhydrate.- Verzehr-Bedarf-Bedeutung-Verdauung und Resorption Fette.- Verzehr-Bedarf-Bedeutung-Verdauung und Resorption Eiweiß.- Verzehr-Bedarf-Bedeutung-Verdauung und Resorption Wasser.- Harnsäurestöffwechsel.- Ernährungstherapie.- Übergewicht (Obesitas, Adipositas).- Definition-Häufigkeit-Bedeutung.- Diabetes Mellitus.- Definition-Häufigkeit-Bedeutung-Prinzip der Ernährung-Praktische Durchführung.- Hyperlipoproteinämien (Hyperlipidämien).- Definition-Häufigkeit-Bedeutung-Prinzip der Ernährung.- Hyperurikämie und Gicht.- Definition-Häufigkeit-Bedeutung-Prinzip der Ernährung.- Krankheiten des Magens und Darmtrakts.- Allgemeine Schonkost.- Ösophagitis.- Ösophagusstenosen.- Akute Gastritis.- Chronische Gastritis.- Magen- und Duodenalulkus.- Zustand nach Magenoperation.- Diarrhöe.- Nahrungsmittel-Allergien.- Sprue.- Enteritis Regionalis.- Exsudative Enterophathie.- Steatorrhoe.- Divertikulose und Divertikulitis des Dickdarms.- Colitis Ulcerosa.- Obstipation.- Meteorismus.- Krankheiten der Leber.- Krankheiten der Gallenblase und Gallenwege.- Krankheiten des Pankreas.- Natriumarme Kost.- Nierenerkrankungen.- Prinzipien der Ernährung bei Nierenerkrankungen.- Nephrolithiasis.- Tabellenteil.- Tabelle 1: Reduktionskost.- 100 Kalorien-Austauschtabelle.- Tabelle 2: Diabeteskost.- Tabelle 3: Hyperlipoproteinämien.- Tabelle 4: Purintabelle.- Tabelle 5: Mineralstoffe und Vitamine.- Tabelle 6: pH-Wert verschiedener Nahrungsmittel und Getränke.- Tabelle 7: Kaliumreiche Lebensmittel.- Tabelle 8: Natriumreiche Lebensmittel.- Tabelle 9: Prinzipien der Ernährung bei Nierenkrankheiten.- Tabelle 10: Eiweißarme Kost.- Zusammensetzung der Nahrungsmittel.- Referenzen.

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Book SynopsisThis book is designed to introduce doctoral and other higher-degree research students to the process of scientific research in the fields of Information Systems as well as fields of Information Technology, Business Process Management and other related disciplines within the social sciences. It guides research students in their process of learning the life of a researcher. In doing so, it provides an understanding of the essential elements, concepts and challenges of the journey into research studies. It also provides a gateway for the student to inquire deeper about each element covered​. Comprehensive and broad but also succinct and compact, the book is focusing on the key principles and challenges for a novice doctoral student.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“It focuses on the entire research process from start to finish and provides a guide not only for the methods, but for the ‘process of learning the life of a researcher.’ This well-written and easy-to-read book consists of eight chapters, divided into three parts. Each chapter ends with a list of references for further reading on each subject, totaling 200 in all. … The book is intended primarily for doctoral students and young scholars in the field of information systems.” (Alexei Botchkarev, ACM Computing Reviews, December, 2012)Aus den Rezensionen: “…Gerade junge Doktorandinnen und Doktoranden werden sehr von diesem Buch profitieren ... allen Doktoranden in der Wirtschaftsinformatik, besonders am Anfang ihres wissenschaftlichen Projektes, sowie ihren Betreuern zur Verwendung in Kursen des Doktorandenstudiums. ” (in: Business & Information Systems Engineering, 16/March/2013)Table of Contents​​Part I: Basic Principles of Research.- Part II: Conducting Research.- Part III: Publishing Research.

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Book SynopsisDer Vortrag ist für Forscher die Visitenkarte. Er bietet die Möglichkeit, Forschungsergebnisse, Arbeitsweise und sich selbst einem größeren Publikum vorzustellen. Im Wettbewerb um Noten, Stellen und Forschungsgelder reicht inhaltliche Exzellenz allein nicht aus, auch die Form muss stimmen. Das Buch geht auf die Bedürfnisse von Wissenschaftlern ein und vermittelt anschaulich, worauf in den einzelnen Phasen eines Vortrags zu achten ist. Mit diesen Hilfestellungen lassen sich ein eigener Vortragsstil, persönliche Sicherheit und Souveränität entwickeln.Table of ContentsDer wissenschaftliche Vortrag - effektive Kommunikation zur Vermittlung von Forschungsergebnissen.- Konferenz, Tagung und Co. – Anlässe für wissenschaftliche Präsentationen und Vorträge.- Von der Stoffsammlung zum wissenschaftlichen Vortrag – Vorbereitung als Schlüssel zum Erfolg.- Visualisierung im Vortrag - Folien professionell gestalten.- Methoden, Resultate und Erkenntnisgewinn vermitteln - Vortrag und Präsentation.- Bemerkenswertes und Nützliches - "Werkzeugkasten" für wissenschaftliche Vorträge.- Virtuelle Präsentationen meistern.

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Book SynopsisA Safety Considerations Genomic sequencing involves a number of hazardous steps, such as high current, high voltage, radioactive and highly toxic chemicals. It is, therefore, absolutelyessen- tial that the instructions of equipment manufacturers be followed and that particular attention is paid to the local and federal safety regulations. INTRODUCTION 9 B Introduction During the cloning of genomic DNA many of its characteristics are perma- nently lost. It was therefore necessary to develop a new technique that would give us a closer look at a gene in its normal environment. The powerful technique of genomic sequencing, first described by Church and Gilbert (1984) now makes it possible to have a precise view of a given DNA sequence in a chromosome. This method combines the chemical DNA-sequencing procedure of Maxam and Gilbert (1980) with the detection of DNA sequences by electroblotting and indirect end-labeling by hybridization. Besides studies on the methylation state of single bases in a given gene (Nick et al. , 1986; Saluz and Jost, 1986; Saluz et al. , 1986), genomic sequencing can also be used to study specific DNA-protein interactions in vivo (Church et al. , 1985; Giniger et al. , 1985; Becker et al. , 1986; Ephrussi et al. , 1985; Martin et al. , 1986; Nick et al. , 1986; Zinn and Maniatis, 1986).Table of ContentsI. Introduction.- A Safety Considerations.- B Introduction.- C The Principle of Genomic Sequencing.- II Theoretical Background.- A Basic Theoiy of Genomic Sequencing.- B Flow Diagram.- III Experimental.- 1 Isolation of Genomic DNA.- 2 Restriction Digest of Genomic DNA.- 3 Chemical Sequencing Reactions on Restricted DNA.- 4 Separation of Reaction Products on a Sequencing Gel.- 5 Electrotransfer to Nylon Membranes.- 6 Immobilization of DNA on a Nylon Membrane.- 7 Prehybridization and Hybridization of Immobilized DNA with Labeled Single-Stranded DNA Probes.- 8 Processing of the Hybridized Filters.- 9 Autoradiography and Photography.- 10 Cloning of DNA Probe in M13.- 11 Large-Scale Preparation of Cloned DNA in M13.- 12 Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Primers and Single-Stranded Labeled Probes.- 13 Purification of Labeled Single-Stranded Probes.- IV Trouble-Shooting Guide and Examples.- V Appendix.- A Suppliers of Special Items and Constructions of Commercially Unavailable Equipment.- B Determination of DNA Concentration.- VI Bibliography.

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