Immunology Books

Table of ContentsIntroductory Remarks.- Nomenclature for Factors of the HLA System 1984.- Joint Reports.- The HLA System, 1984.- HLA at the Gene Level.- Biochemistry of Class II Antigens: Workshop Report.- The Central Data Analysis of the Ninth Workshop.- Analysis of Multilocus Pedigree Data by Computer.- PEDPLO: The Pedigree Plot Program.- Cell Typing by Computer.- Unbiased Serum Analysis.- Selection of a Set of High-Quality Data for B Cell Antigen Analysis.- The Serological Analysis of the Data of the Ninth Histocompatibility Workshop.- Analysis of HLA-DR Typing sera Used in the Workshop Transplant Study.- Antigen Reports.- HLA-A1.- HLA-A2.- HLA-A3.- HLA-A11.- HLA-A23.- HLA-A24.- A9.3.- HLA-A25.- HLA-A26.- HLA-A28.- HLA-A29.- HLA-A30 HLA-A31.- HLA-A32.- HLA-Aw33.- HLA-Aw34.- HLA-Aw36.- HLA-Aw43.- HLA-Aw66.- TH.- HLA-B7.- HLA-B8.- HLA-B13.- HLA-B14: Definite Splitting into Bw64 (14.1) and Bw65 (14.2).- HLA-B18.- HLA-B27.- HLA-B35.- HLA-B37.- HLA-B38.- HLA-B39.- HLA-BW41.- HLA-BW.- HLA-B44.- HLA-B45.- HLA-BW46.- HLA-BW47.- HLA-BW48.- HLA-B49.- HLA-Bw50.- HLA-B51 and HLA-Bw52.- HLA-BW53.- HLA-BW54, HLA-BW55, and HLA-BW56.- HLA-BW57.- HLA-BW58.- HLA-Bw59.- HLA-BW60.- HLA-BW61.- HLA-Bw62 and Other Bw6-Associated Variants of B15.- HLA-Bw63 and Other Bw4-Associated Variants of B15.- HLA-Bw67.- HLA-Bw70, HLA-Bw71, and HLA-Bw72.- HLA-Bw73.- HLA-Bw4 and HLA-Bw6.- HLA-CWL.- HLA-CW2.- HLA-CW3.- HLA-CW4.- HLA-CW5.- HLA-CW6.- HLA-CW7.- HLA-CW8.- NEW HLA-C.- HLA-DR1.- HLA-DR2.- HLA-DR3.- HLA-DR4.- HLA-DR5 and Its Subtypes HLA-DRwl 1 and HLA-DRwl2.- HLA-DRW6 and Its Subgroups HLA-DRWL3 and HLA-DRWL4.- HLA-DR7.- HLA-DRW8.- HLA-DRW9.- HLA-DRWL0.- HLA-DRW52.- HLA-DRW53.- New HLA-DR.- HLA-DQWL.- HLA-DQW2.- HLA-DQW3.- Reports on Monoclonal Antibodies.- HLA-A, B, C Monoclonal Antibodies.- HLA-D Region Monoclonal Antibodies.- Special Serology Reports.- HLA-A, B, Interlocus Specificities.- Specificity of The Ninth Workshop Anti la Alloantisera As Assessed by The Direct Binding Assay.- HLA-DR, DQ, and DW Relationships.- HLA-DR, DQ, LB, and TA10 Specificities of Ninth Workshop Homozygous Typing Cells.- Cellular Part: Homozygous Typing Cells (HTC).- Definition of HLA-D with HTC.- Segregation Analysis (HTCS).- First Level Testing of HLA-DR4-Associated New HLA-D Specificities: DWL3 (DB3), DWL4 (LD40), DWL5 (DYT), and DKT2.- First Level Testing of DW6 HTC.- First Level Testing of DW7 HTC.- First Level Testing of DW8 HTC.- First Level Testing of HLA-D “Blank” HTC.- DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of Some Ninth Workshop Homozygous Typing Cells Using a cDNA Probe Specific for DRß.- Cellular Part: Primed Lymphocyte Typing (PLT).- Genetic Analysis of HLA-D Region Products Defined by PLT.- Segregation Analysis of PLT Reagents in Families.- Median Stabilization of PLT Data for the Central Workshop Analysis.- Origin and Expansion of SB (DP)-Specific Reagents Characterized in the Ninth International Workshop.- Cellular Part: Cell-Mediated Lympholysis (CML).- CML: A Method for Cellular Typing.- Complement Polymorphisms.- The Second Complement Component, C2, in the Ninth Workshop.- Properdin Factor B.- C4 Polymorphism.- Genetics of HLA.- Analysis of MHC Recombinant Families.- Linkage Between HLA-A, C, B, Bf and DR Alleles: Haplotype Study of Healthy Families by Factorial Correspondence Analysis.- The Nature of Selection in the HLA Region Based on Population Data From the Ninth Workshop.- Population Analysis on the Basis of Deduced Haplotypes from Random Families.- Ninth International Histocompatibility Workshop Renal Transplant Study.- Disease Reports.- Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.- HLA-DR3 and DR7-Negative Celiac Disease.- Leprosy.- Juvenile Chronic Arthritis, Pauciarticular Type.- A Family Study of Gold-Induced Nephropathy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Rheumatoid Arthritis.- D-Penicillamine-Induced Myasthenia Gravis.- HLA-B27-Negative Ankylosing Spondylitis.- Scleroderma: Possible Association with the C4 System - A Progress Report.- Beh?et’s Disease.- Kawasaki Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome).- Classical and AIDS Kaposi’s Sarcoma.- HLA and Familial Malignant Melanoma.- Hodgkin’s Disease.- Original Contributions.- Serology.- Human Histocompatibility Antigens in Malignant Tumors of Nonlymphoid Origin.- B27 Subtypes.- Segregation of DQ and DR: “Exceptions to the Rule”.- Characterization of a New Subset of B Cell Alloantigens.- Serologic Detection of New Polymorphisms on DQ Molecules Distinct from the DQw1, 2, and 3 Specificities.- Analysis of 9W Antisera Detecting DR4- and DR2-Associated Epitopes by Use of Anti-idiotypic Antibodies.- The HLA-D Region: Serology, Structure, Tissue Distribution, and Function of Human Class II Molecules and Their Antigenic Determinants.- Definition of MCI, a Novel HLA Determinant Associated with DR1 and DR4.- A Monoclonal Antibody (GH-3): “Non-orthodox” Anti-HLA-A3 or A11 Induced by a Lymph Node Extract from a Hodgkin’s Disease Patient.- Enhancing Monoclonal Antibodies Against HLA-Bw4 Molecules.- Spatial Localization of Allospecific HLA Class I Epitopes by Antibody Blocking Studies.- Analysis of Homozygous Typing Cells with Primed Lymphocytes and Monoclonal Antibodies Directed Against Polymorphic la Antigen Epitopes.- A Monoclonal Antibody Detects a New Antigenic Determinant Shared by DR1 and DR4/Dw4 Molecules.- Serological Analysis of Two Monoclonal Antibodies: One Detecting an DRw53 Supertypic Determinant and One Detecting a New Supertypic Determinant Related to HLA-DR7.- Study of Monoclonal Antibodies to the HLA-D Region Products DQW1 and DRw52.- Characterisation of the HLA-D Region DQw3 Specificity Using the Monoclonal Antibodies 2HB6 and IVD12.- Idiotypic Analysis of Anti-Human MHC Class II Monoclonal Antibodies by Syngeneic Anti-Idiotypes.- Comparison of Human-Human and Human-Mouse Hybridoma Systems for the Production of Alloreactive Human Monoclonal Antibodies.- Crossreactivity of Monoclonal Anti-HLA Antibodies with Rhesus Monkey Lymphocytes.- A Simple and Rapid Procedure for Purification of Human Dendritic Cells From Peripheral Blood.- HLA-A, B, C Typing Using Serum.- Definition of Two Monocyte-Specific Antigens, One of Which Correlates with the 9 a Antigen.- Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies in Women with Successful Pregnancy.- T-Cell Alloantigens.- Class I MHC-Linked Determinants Expressed on Activated T Cells.- Alloantibodies to PHA-Activated Lymphocytes Detect Human QA-Like Antigens.- T Cell System A in Humans is Probably Equivalent to Qa or Tla in Mice.- New Determinants Expressed on Activated Lymphocytes and on Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Closely Linked to Conventional HLA-A Antigens.- Cellular Definition of HLA Antigens.- Analysis of DP Region Products by T Cells and Monoclonal Antibodies:Blocking of DP-Specific Proliferation and Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity.- Typing for DP-like Determinants.- LB-Q1 and LB-Q2: Population Genetics in Dutch Caucasoids and Inhibition Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies.- Allelic Class II Determinants Defined by PLT Typing.- HLA-D and DR in Different Populations.- Private Specificities of Human IA-Like Molecules Detected by T Cell Lines.- PLT Analysis of D Region Complexity by Cloned Cells: A New Non-DP Antigen.- Correlation Between PLT and CML Specificity of Alloreactive TCell Clones.- Heterogeneity of DR5-Associated Alloantigens Detected by Human T Lymphocyte Clones.- Heterogeneity of HLA-B7 as Detected by Cytotoxic T Cell Clones.- Analysis of Cytolytic Clones Directed at Class I and Class II Antigens Using HLA Loss Mutants of a Lymphoblastoid Cell Line.- HLA Mutants of Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines: Generation of New Mutants and Analysis by Southern Blotting.- Mutant Cell Lines as Means of Resolving HLA Gene Products.- Human T Cell Clone Inhibition by Distinct Monoclonal Anti-HLA-DR Antibodies.- Variation in the Epitopes on the HLA-A2 Molecule as Recognized by HLA-A2 Restricted and Alloimmune HLA-A2-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.- Cloned Cytotoxic T Cells Which May Define a Minor Transplantation Antigen and a Variant of the HLA-B8 Molecule.- Construction and Expansion of CTLs for HLA Typing: Definition of B44 Subtypes by Cellular Typing.- Frequencies of Proliferative and Cytotoxic Precursor T Cells During a Course of Active Immunization as Analysed by Limiting Dilution.- HLA Class II Alloantigens Defined by Cytotoxic T Cell Clones and Monoclonal Antibodies.- Biochemistry of HLA Antigen.- Structural Analysis of the Polymorphism of HLA Class I Antigens.- Molecular and Functional Analysis of Class II Molecules Characteristic to HLA-Dw2 and Dwl2.- Two-dimensional Gel Analysis of DR2 and DQwl Molecules Isolated from Dw2 and Dwl2 Homozygous Cell Lines.- Separation of Three Human B-Cell Alloantigens, DR4, DRw53, and DQw3 (TB21), by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis: Comparison of Alloantibodies and Monoclonal Antibodies.- Serological and Structural Heterogeneity of HLA-DR4 Alloantigens.- Molecular Polymorphism of DR and DQ Products.- Structural Polymorphism in DQw3 Light Chains.- Molecular Dissection of DRw6.- Heterogeneity of HLA Class II Gene Products as Studied in a Family by Sequential Immunoprecipitation.- A Supertypic DRw53 Determinant is Carried on the HLA-DR Subset of Class II Molecules on HLA-DR7 Cell Lines n.- The Molecular Complexity of DR7-Associated la Molecules.- Alloantisera and Monoclonal Antibodies Which Appear to Define the Same la Allospecificity in Population Studies Do Not Detect the Same la Molecules in Biochemical Studies.- The Polymorphism of DQ (DC) Molecules.- Comparison of Supertypic Specificities by Cytotoxicity and by Radioimmunoassay in Segregating Families.- HLA-FA: A Non-DR, Non-DQ HLA Class II Product.- Hybrid HLA-DQ Antigens: Molecular Expression.- Nonassociated HLA-DR ? and ? Chains: Molecular Detection and Differential Cellular Expression.- The Expression of HLA-DR, DQ and DP Antigens on the Surface of Lymphocytes as Assessed by 2-D Polyacrylamide Gel Analysis of Immunoprecipitates.- Preferential Increase of Expression and Release of DQ Molecules in Human Cells Treated with Interferons.- Differential Molecular Expression of HLA-DR and HLA DQ Antigens in Leukemic Cells.- Analysis of HLA Genes at the DNA Level.- HLA Class I Gene Typing with an HLA-B-Specific DNA Probe.- A Study of HLA-B-Locus Polymorphism with a Specific Hybridization Probe.- HLA Gene Polymorphisms: Class I.- HLA Gene Polymorphism: Class II.- Association of Class I and Class II MHC Restriction Fragment Polymorphism with HLA-Related Diseases.- Cloning and Expression of the Gene Encoding HLA-A11.- Isolation and Characterization of the cDNA Clones and the Genomic Clones of the HLA Class II Antigen Heavy Chains.- DNA Polymorphism of HLA-DR? and HLA-DP? Genes.- Molecular Complexity of the HLA-DR, DQ, and DP Genes and Genotypic Split of HLA-DR Serological Specificities by “DNA Typing”.- HLA Class II Polymorphism: Restriction Fragment Patterns Correlated to Ninth Workshop Serology and Function.- HLA-DRw6: A Molecular Approach.- Molecular Analysis of HLA: Haplotype-Specific DNA Hybridization Patterns Using Class II cDNA Probes.- Analysis and Segregation of HLA-DR by DNA Typing: Correlation with Supertypic Specificities.- Recombinant DNA Technology: Its Use in the Study of HLA.- HLA-DR and DQ, Studied with Genomic Blotting, in Diabetic Families and Transplant Donor-Recipient Pairs.- DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the Human Class II Genes as Analyzed by Southern Blotting Technique.- Mouse L Cells Expressing Human HLA-DR Antigens After Transfection with Class II Genes Do Not Stimulate Human T Lymphocytes.- Modification of Immunogenicity of Leukaemic Cells by DNA Mediated Gene Transfer.- Genetics of HLA.- Precise Location of HLA Genes on Chromosome 6.- A Structural Locus for Coagulation Factor XIIIA (Fl3A) Is Located Distal to HLA on the Short Arm of Chromosome 6 in Man.- The Selective Origin of Linkage Disequilibrium in the HLA Region.- HLA-A, B Genes in the World and the Effect of Climate.- Glyoxalase I (GLO I) Phenotyping by Isoelectric Focusing.- Complement Polymorphisms.- C4 Haplotypes with Duplicated C4A or C4B: Frequency and Associations with Bf, C2, and HLA-A, B, C, DR Alleles with Special Reference to the Duplication C4B1,2.- Gene Duplication of C4A in the Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Old Order Amish: C4A*2A*3 is in Coupling with HLA A3, Cw4, B35, BfF, DR1, GL02.- Distinct Complotypes Are Associated with HLA-B14 Subgroups.- Bf Polymorphism Studied by Isoelectrofocusing.- >Function of HLA Gene Products.- Genetic Control of HLA-Linked Immune Responsiveness to Synthetic Polypeptides in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Autoimmune Diseases.- HLA-Linked Immune Suppression Genes: A Mechanism for the Statistical Association Between HLA and Disease.- Effects of Anti-DQ (MB) and Anti-DR Monoclonal Antibodies on In Vitro Immune Responses.- Individual Differences in the In Vitro (CTC) Immune Response to HLA Antigens.- HLA-Linked Gene Regulation of the Immune Response to Nitrofurantoin-Albumin.- Phenotype and Specificity of MLR-Generated Suppressor Cells.- Alloproliferative T4+ T8- Human T Cell Clones with Suppressive, Not Helper, Function.- Relationship Between the OKT Phenotype of Alloreactive Human T Cell Clones and Their Specificity for HLA Class II Antigens.- Functional Heterogeneity of Human T Cell Responses to Class I and Class IIMHC Antigens.- Restriction of Human Influenza A Virus-Specific T Cell Clones by HTC-Defined Subtypes of HLA-Dw6.- Antigen-Specific T Cell Clones Restricted by DR, DQ, or DP Class II HLA Molecules.- HLA-DR Typing by Restriction Specificity. A Functional Approach Using PPD-Specific CTLs and Antigen Presenting Monocytes.- Cytotoxic T Cells Generated During GvHD Can Detect Minor Histocompatibility Antigens in an HLA-Restricted Fashion.- Clonal Distribution of Human T Cells Recognizing PPD in the Context of Each of Two Distinct la Molecules.- Function of DRw52 and LB-Q1 in Antigen Presentation.- Subdivision of DRw6 by Influenza-Specific Proliferative Cloned Cell Lines.- Human T Cell-Mø Collaboration Across Allogeneic Barrier.- Expression of HLA-DQ Molecules on Human Monocytes: Identification of Two Phenotypically Different Monocyte Populations with Distinct Accessory Cell Function.- Differential Expression of the HLA-DQ Antigens on Acute Leukaemic Blasts.- Expression of HLA Class II Molecules on Human Monocytes and Dendritic Cells.- Absence of DQwl on Monocytes Depending on the DR Antigens Expressed.- Interaction Between HLA Class I Antigens and ?-Endorphin.- The Major Histocompatibility Complex as an Antibiosenescent System.- HLA and Disease.- Defective Expression of HLA-D-Region Determinants in Children with Congenital Agammaglobulinemia and Malabsorption: A New Syndrome.- Defect of Expression of MHC Genes Responsible for an Abnormal HLA Class I Phenotype and the Class II Negative Phenotype of Lymphocytes from Patients with Combined Immunodeficiency.- Inheritance and Possible Coinheritance of HLA-Linked Susceptibilities to Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Genetic Polymorphism of the Fourth Component of Complement (C4)- and Type I Insulin-Dependent Diabetes.- Presence of Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulins (TSI) in DR3 Positive Normal Individuals.- Three Different HLA Associations in the Three Types of 21-Hydroxylase Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.- Distinct HLA-B Antigen Associations for the Salt-Wasting and Simple Virilizing Forms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21 -Hydroxylase Deficiency.- Defect of Ferritin Secretion in HLA-A3 Subjects and in Idiopathic Hemochromatosis.- Immunogenetic Analysis of Leprosy in Japan.- Affected Sib Methods.- Genetic Interrelationship Amongst HLA-Associated Diseases.- Is the Lod Score Method Reliable in HLA-Associated Diseases?.- HLA-DR, Gm Allotypes and Sex as Risk Factors for Celiac Disease.- Transplantation.- The Relative Importance of MLC and HLA-DR Compatibility in Cadaver Kidney Transplantation.- Long-Term Follow-Up of London Transplant Group (LTG) Renal Transplant Patients.- The Influence of HLA-A, B Compatibility on Cadaver Donor Renal Transplantation in SEOPF.- Donor-Specific Blood Transfusion and Renal Graft Survival: A 3-Year Experience in Pediatrics.- Marrow Transplantation from Donors Other Than HLA Genotypically Identical Siblings: The Immunogenetics of Acute Graft Versus Host Disease.- Immunological Investigation of Patients Treated for Leukaemia by Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT).- Chimerism Following Fetal Liver and Thymus Transplantation.- Annex.- Reference Tables of Two-Locus Haplotype Frequencies for All MHC Marker Loci.- Reference Tables of Three-Locus Haplotype Frequencies and Delta Values in Caucasians, Orientals, and Negroids.- Index of Authors.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is composed of chapters that review important fundamental aspects of HCV biology and disease pathogenesis including, for example, the discovery and identification of the HCV genome, early virus-cell interactions including identification of various cellular receptors, HCV gene expression studied using the HCV replicon system, identification and characterization of HCV structural- and non-structural HCV proteins, HCV replication in cultured cells, and host factors involved in viral replication. This volume also contains chapters dealing with immunity to HCV infection and pathogenesis. This is particularly important in understanding hepatitis C because HCV infection alone is not cell lytic. Mechanisms underlying the persistent nature of HCV infection are also discussed in these chapters. Many of the authors published articles that were listed among the “top 10 papers” published in the 24 years since HCV was discovered in 1989. Their citations are above 1,000 (Web of Science). The authors describe the background and significance of their contributions to the field in the context of findings from other research groups.Table of ContentsPart I. Hepatitis C Virus.- 1. Towards the Control of Hepatitis C (Michael Houghton).- 2. Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Their Evolution (Tadasu Shin-I, Masaya Sugiyama, Masashi Mizokami).- 3. The Structure of HCV (Joseph Marcotrigiano and Maria Teresa Catanese).- Part II. The Viral Life Cycle.- 4. Cell Culture Systems for Propagation of HCV.- 5. HCV Receptors and Virus Entry (Rajiv G. Tawar, Catherine Schuster, and Thomas F. Baumert).- 6. Structural Proteins of HCV and Biological Functions (Kohji Moriishi and Yoshiharu Matsuura).- 7. Role of Nonstructural Proteins in HCV Replication (Tetsuro Suzuki and Ryosuke Suzuki).- 8. The HCV Replicase Complex and Viral RNA Synthesis (Inés Romero Brey and Volker Lohmann).- 9. Host factors and the HCV lifecycle (Glenn Randall).- 10. Lipid Peroxidation and Hepatitis C Virus Replication (Daisuke Yamane and Stanley M. Lemon).- 11. Lipid and Lipoprotein Components Play Important Roles in HCV Egress and Infectivity (Takayuki Hishiki, Yuko Shimizu, Saneyuki Ujino, Hironori Nishitsuji, and Kunitada Shimotohno).- Part III. Immune Recognition and Pathogenesis.- 12. New Animal Models for Hepatitis C (Alex Ploss).- 13. Innate Immune Recognition of Hepatitis C Virus (Kui Li).- 14. B Cell Responses and Control of HCV Infection (Zhen-Yong Keck, Thomas R. Fuerst, Roy A. Mariuzza, and Steven K.H. Foung).

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Book SynopsisThis work reviews the basic concepts of immunology and introduces the reader to the latest findings on immunological aspects of diseases of the head and neck. In the past two decades, there has been an explosion of new knowledge in immunology. The contributors to this volume, all of whom have been active in clinical and basic research, describe how recent discoveries in immunology play an increasingly vital role in the understanding and care of patients with head and neck diseases. An important teaching tool for the resident in training and a valuable reference work for physicians in practice, this book will be of special interest to otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons, surgical oncologists, pediatricians, allergists, rheumatologists and edu­ cators desiring an advanced text in the field. Jacques F. Poliquin, MD Allen F. Ryan, PhD Jeffrey P. Harris, MD, PhD INTRODUCTION Immunology has been traced back at least to 1000 AD. when the Chinese discovered that the inhalation of smallpox crusts had some value in prevention of the disease. However, immunology as a science has developed almost entirely within the last 100 years.Table of ContentsI: General Immunology.- 1—Cells and tissues of immunity.- 2—Immunochemistry.- 3—Nonspecific immune response.- 4—-Specific immune responses.- 5—Mucosal immune responses.- II: Immunobiology of the Head and Neck.- 6—Tonsillitis and adenoiditis.- 7—Immunology of otitis media.- 8—Nasal allergy.- 9—Hyperimmune and autoimmune diseases.- 10—Immunodeficiency diseases.- 11—Cancer.- 12—Transplantation in otolaryngology.- 13—Clinical and Experimental Immunobiology of the Ear.- Author Index.

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Book SynopsisDonald Thomas provides information for women who wish to become pregnant and advises readers about working with a disability, complementary and alternative medicine, infections, cancer, and a host of other topics.Trade ReviewA wealth of detail on the many ways lupus affects the human body, the various related treatment options, a range of patient resources for support, and more... a caring, comprehensive guide to understanding and coping with lupus. Library Journal The Lupus Encyclopedia is [a] carefully-researched, easily-understood and comprehensive book. It is, as it claims, an ENCYCLOPEDIA... If you [could have] only one book in your library about lupus, The Lupus Encyclopedia might well be it. The Lupus Guru There is great depth and much to learn from reading and referring to this important book... This book should stand the test of time as one of the great books about this complex auto-immune disease. Lupus, the Adventure Between the Lines I highly recommend The Lupus Encyclopedia. It's an amazing source of information, and I feel empowered by the fact that I have a reliable resource to turn to whenever I need it. No matter what your symptoms are or the level of severity, you owe it to yourself to get this book. Lupine Life The Lupus Encyclopedia is a book that that every lupus patient should have in their home library. It's the most comprehensive lupus book out there, and is a valuable resource for anyone searching for a detailed and in-depth explanation of this complicated and mysterious disease. -- Sara Gorman Despite Lupus This is a highly readable medical text... This encyclopedia would be useful for public libraries, medical libraries, or academic libraries. -- Amy B. Parsons American Reference Books Annual ... packed with facts, advice and encouragement... The Nursing Times This title strikes a pitch perfect balance: on one side, there is information of value to those suffering from or caring for the condition, on the other, data suitable for clinicians seeking a better general understanding of the condition. This volume represents outstanding value for money and would be a useful addition to medical, healthcare and personal bookshelves. Reference Reviews We can't imagine a more thorough, readable guide to lupus than this. Pain-Free LivingTable of ContentsList of IllustrationsList of TablesForeword, by George C. Tsokos, MDPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I: Definitions, Causes, and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Disease1. What Is Lupus and How Is It Diagnosed?2. The Other Systemic Autoimmune Diseases3. What Causes Lupus?4. The Meaning of All Those Test ResultsPart II: How Lupus Affects the Body5. How SLE Directly Affects the Body6. Constitutional Symptoms7. The Musculoskeletal System8. Skin and Mucous Membranes9. Blood and Lymph Systems10. The Respiratory System11. The Heart and Blood Vessels12. The Urinary System13. The Nervous System14. The Exocrine Gland System15. The Digestive System16. Eyes17. The Endocrine System18. The Reproductive System and Pregnancy19. Special Populations and Surgery20. PrognosisPart III: Other Complications of Lupus and Their Treatments21. Heart Attacks and Strokes22. Infections23. Cancer and SLE24. Osteoporosis25. Avascular Necrosis of Bone26. Adrenal Insufficiency27. Fibromyalgia28. Gastroesophageal Reflux and Stomach UlcersPart IV: Treatment of Lupus29. General Treatment of Lupus30. Anti-Malarials31. Steroids32. Immunosuppressants33. Biologic Agents34. Benlysta: The First FDA-Approved Drug for Lupus in More Than Fifty Years35. Other Therapies for SLE36. Prescription Pain Medicines37. Future Treatments for SLE38. Nonmedical Therapies for Lupus39. Complementary and Alternative MedicinePart V: Practical Matters40. Talking to Your Doctor and Deciphering Symptoms41. Becoming Pregnant, Breast-Feeding, and Using Contraception42. Health Insurance and Affording Healthcare43. Working and Dealing with Disability44. The Lupus Secrets ChecklistPatient ResourcesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisWinner, 2018 Donald W. Light Award for Applied Medical Sociology, American Sociological Association Medical Sociology SectionWinner, 2018 Distinguished Scholarship Award presented by the Pacific Sociology AssociationHonorable Mention, 2017 ESS Mirra Komarovsky Book Award presented by the Eastern Sociological SocietyOutstanding Book Award for the Section on Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity presented by the American Sociological AssociationA rich, multi-faceted examination into the attitudes and beliefs of parents who choose not to immunize their childrenThe measles outbreak at Disneyland in December 2014 spread to a half-dozen U.S. states and sickened 147 people. It is just one recent incident that the medical community blames on the nation's falling vaccination rates. Still, many parents continue to claim that the risks that vaccines pose to their children are far greater than their benefits. Given the research and the unanimity of opinion within the medical community, many asTrade Review"Several recent books have delved into the history and science of vaccines and immunity, and the anxieties that accompany them. Jennifer Reich … brings meticulousness and sensitivity to this emotional issue. … It is Reich’s book that may prove the most convincing to anti-vaxxers." -- New York Review of Books"Risk is one of the operative words central to sociologist Jennifer Reichs remarkably calm book on current vaccination practices in North America. Risk is what parents, paediatricians and policymakers must evaluate in their roles as caregivers, primary-care doctors and advisers The group of parents Reich interviewed over a 10-year period that has informed this book are the university-educated ubermoms who favour organic food and have a tendency to avoid gluten and dairy productsThe doctors Reich interviewed recognise that some vaccination is better than none and that being patronising, bossy or confrontational is not in the best interest of the child or the wider community. It is a stance Reich shares." * Times Higher Education *"Recent outbreaks of preventable diseases such as measles and whooping cough are focusing attention on this issue, making Reich's able contribution especially pertinent." * Kirkus Reviews *"In her engaging book,Calling the Shots: Why Parents Reject Vaccines, Jennifer Reich focuses on this last group of privileged, vocal parents, a group with the potential to disrupt the balance of infectious disease control across the country. This exceptionally timely book also confronts the challenges posed by science skepticism amid a declining sense of public obligation and the increasing dictate that health is each familys personal responsibility." * Contemporary Sociology *"Jennifer Reichs new book, Calling the Shots: Why Parents Reject Vaccines, is an essential contribution to the story of vaccines in contemporary U.S. society that should make it impossible to tell such simple stories about vaccine resisters any longer." * American Journal of Sociology *"A timely intervention into recent anti-vaccination controversies, Jennifer Reich’s Calling the Shots unpacks the logics behind vaccine refusal through interviews and ethnographic studies of parents who refuse vaccinations." -- Science, Medicine, and Anthropology"Calling the Shots is intellectually rigorous and politically engaged scholarship of the highest quality. Jennifer Reich illuminates the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors surrounding childhood immunization, one of the most important and contested public health policy issues of our day. Debates about vaccine refusal have too often been marked by over-simplification and unfounded assumptions, and Reichs thorough, meticulous analysis provides a much-needed corrective.-James Colgrove,author of State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth" * Century America *"Calling the Shots treads confidently into the explosive terrain of vaccine refusal. In this must-read exploration of the burdens of modern mothering, Reich takes seriously the desires of mothers to make their own decisions to protect their children from risks. But she also shows how anti-vaccine stances by the privileged few may undermine the social compact and threaten the public good. This is a well-written, important, and very timely book." -- Steven Epstein,author of Inclusion: The Politics of Difference in Medical Research"In this gripping book, Reich illumines the processes through which (mostly affluent) parents reject vaccines. The book impressively situates these anti-vaccine parents in a broader context. Reich carefully documents how a range of organizations including medical offices, drug companies, and child protective servicesare all players in this social drama. Reichs concept of & individualistic parenting is valuable. Since parents decisions can have dire consequences for other children, the book is not only interesting, but it is of enormous social significance.Highly recommended!" -- Annette Lareau,author of Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life

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Book Synopsis**THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER**'Brilliant! It's hard to change your life - but this book gives you all the reasons it's possible. From the first page to the last, one revelation after another.'JEREMY VINE'Brilliant . . . especially required reading in these COVID-19 days'LIZ EARLE'Metabolism, inflammation, and immunity are three sides of the same coin. Fix one and you fix them all. Dr Aseem Malhotra offers you a way to fix all three at once, and the solution is as easy as your fork.' PROFESSOR ROBERT LUSTIG, bestselling author of Fat Chance'This remarkable book will change your life. Beautifully written, it compiles in one place the health messages we all know make sense. PROFESSOR KAROL SIKORA, leading cancer specialist and Founding Dean, University of Buckingham Medical School'Read this book and follow the plan, it may save your life.' GURINDER CHADHA, OBE, director of Bend It Like Beckham'A crystal-clear roadmap to reverse the roots causes of our poor metabolic and immune health. It is the handbook of health for our time.' MARK HYMAN, New York Times bestselling author of Food Fix*******The simple, evidence-based diet plan to rapidly improve your metabolic health, help with normal immune function and likely reduce the risk of severe effects from Covid-19.Dr Aseem Malhotra is a leading NHS-trained cardiologist and a pioneer of lifestyle medicine. He has been at the forefront of citing the health conditions which make us vulnerable to the worst effects of Covid-19. Obesity, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease are high among them - and all indicators of poor metabolic health. The good news is that in just 21 days we can prevent, improve and even potentially reverse many of the underlying risk factors that exacerbate how infections, including Covid-19, affect us and improve our ability to recover from them. Giving us the evidence-based science behind the plan, Dr Malhotra shares how simple changes to our diet as well as daily exercise and stress relief can have remarkable results in improving our markers for metabolic health, even helping to put Type 2 diabetes into remission, reduce risk factors for heart disease, decrease weight and enhance vitality.Arguing for the huge benefits to global health of these highly effective lifestyle changes, he shows how just 21 days can help us to start the journey to lead a healthier and longer life.Trade Review'This valuable and timely book is a must read.' -- KIM PEARSON, Harley Street nutritionist * London Evening Standard *'You have to get immediately The 21 Day immunity plan and take action now.' * European Scientist *'Dr Aseem Malhotra is a quite remarkable man . . . his timely, evidence-based and brilliant new 21-day immunity plan is a perfect way to take the first step to transforming your life. I wish you well on your journey to better health.' -- From the Foreword by TOM WATSON'I've been unfortunate enough to have had #COVID19. I feel had I not focused on regaining my metabolic health and sending my type 2 diabetes into remission things could have been much worse. This amazing Doctor puts his head above the parapet. I have great respect for Dr Aseem Malhotra and owe my regained metabolic health to him.' -- DEBRA SCOTT, retired civil servant'Feel good today and increase your chance of living a longer and healthier life. In this well researched book Dr Malhotra provides the science and the steps for this double win.' -- DR CAMPBELL MURDOCH, Clinical Adviser, Royal College of GPs'This game-changing book is a must-read for anyone wishing to understand the link between metabolic health and immunity.' -- DR RAVI KUMAR KAMEPALLI, Board-Certified in Infectious Diseases, Wound Care and Obesity Medicine, Augusta, USA'Dr Aseem Malhotra spells it all out right here in front of you, with a perfect combination of smart, simple strategies for prevention or management of lifestyle conditions and keeping the immune system in best shape.' -- DR CARYN ZINN, Senior Lecturer, Dietitian, AUT University, Head of Research – School of Support and Recreation, Auckland, New Zealand'This groundbreaking book empowers the reader with knowledge of the practical steps we can all take to improve our health status and protect ourselves against diseases of all kinds.' -- KIM PEARSON, Harley Street nutritionist'Brilliant . . . especially required reading in these COVID-19 days' -- Liz Earle

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Maximum Retention in Minimal Time! This high-yield, rapid-fire Q&A book simulates flashcards in a book to help you review microbiology and immunology for your course exams as well as prepare for the USMLE Step 1. The convenient two-column âœflashcardâ Q&A format reinforces familiar material, while accelerating mastery of commonly tested topics. Youâll efficiently absorb a large amount of pertinent information and streamline study time by focusing only on the correct answers. Ideal for studying when time is limited, Deja Review: Microbiology and Immunology lets you review in a way that helps you cover a lot of questions in a short period of time. Featuresâ Ideal, two-column flashcard-like format helps you revi

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Book SynopsisThis practical pocketbook provides an overview of the role of HPV in the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and its current screening and management, the principles of immune control of HPV infection in cervical cancer, and the challenges of implementing HPV vaccines and future developments.Table of Contents1. The UK cervical screening programme ; 2. Management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) ; 3. Role of HPV in cervical carcinogenesis ; 4. HPV and genital cancer: the essential epidemiology ; 5. The role of HPV testing in cervical screening ; 6. Natural immune control of HPV infection ; 7. Prophylactic HPV vaccines: pre-clinical and proof of principle studies ; 8. Prophylactic HPV vaccination: current status ; 9. Introduction of HPV prophylactic vaccination ; 10. HPV vaccination in the developing world ; 11. Screening post vaccination ; 12. Second-generation HPV prophylactic vaccines ; 13. Therapeutic HPV vaccines ; 14. Conclusion

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisHelper T Cells: Types, Functions and New Research presents current research in the Tfh cell research field with a special focus on the maintenance of TFH cells and their fate once the immune response has resolved. Whereas early steps of Tfh cell generation have been the subject of intense research in recent years, much less is known about signals controlling Tfh cells in late phases of the germinal center reaction and their differentiation into long-term memory cells. The authors also discuss emerging evidence that CD4+ T cells orchestrate antitumor immunity by providing critical immunological help to B cells, facilitating isotype switching and affinity maturation, and CD8+ T cells, promoting effector and memory differentiation, as well as shaping innate immunity and the tumor microenvironment. While preventing autoimmunity, selective CD4+ T-cell tolerance also compromises immunity to malignant cells that express primarily self-antigens by eliminating CD4+ T-cell help for B-cell, CD8+ T-cell, and innate immune responses. Therefore, the authors suggest that the goal of cancer immunotherapeutics should be increasingly focused on overcoming the CD4+ T-cell tolerance barrier to negate the effects of tolerance-driven immune suppression and maximize antitumor responses. Next, data is presented showing that AIT reduces the expression of CD40L glycoprotein on T CD4+ cells from patients with pollen or Hymenoptera venom allergy when were treated with specific immunotherapy compared to patients not subject to treatment. The function of CD4 T lymphocytes in the development of allergy is discussed, along with the recent results obtained about the impact of AIT on CD40L expression on T helper lymphocytes of patients.

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Book SynopsisAutoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies to components of the postsynaptic muscle endplate at the neuromuscular junction. Due to the clinical heterogeneity of the disease, there is a great need for objective biomarkers for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. Humoral biomarkers of MG can be divided into two categories: 1) autoantibodies; and 2) other immune-related molecules including inflammatory proteins, microRNA, HLA genes. Regarding autoantibodies, the radio immuno assay (RIA) allows for the detection of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRAb) in 85% of the patients with generalized MG, but only in 50% of those with the ocular form. Treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is very helpful, although immunosuppressive therapy is frequently necessary. Thymoma or thymic hyperplasia can occur, implicating surgery. In AChRAb negative generalized MG patients, a very variable percentage has IgG4 antibodies towards muscle specific tyrosine kinase (MuSKAb): typically, bulbar weakness is the first symptom often associated with neck and respiratory involvement. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are less effective and induce frequent side effects; first and second line suppressive treatments are commonly required. More rarely, IgG towards low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4Ab), agrin or cortactin are detected: if there are not associated AChRAb or MuSKAb, often patients present with milder forms of MG. Few patients have been demonstrated positive to AChRAb or to other autoantibodies with the more sensitive cell based assay. Finally, titin and ryanodine receptor antibodies can occur in association with AChRAb MG, indicating the possibility of thymoma or, in the context of late-onset myasthenia gravis, severe disease with a need for long-term immunosuppression and no response to thymectomy. In regards to immune-related molecules, two recent studies reported increased serum levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), cytokines IL-19, IL-20, IL-28A and IL-35, matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10), which is a member of the metalloproteinase family, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), a growth factor that has important roles for epithelial proliferation and differentiation, and the extracellular newly identified receptor for advanced glycation end-products binding protein (EN-RAGE, also known as protein S100-A12), a protein that binds to calcium, zinc and copper. These three last proteins are involved in the cell cycle progression and differentiation, and play multiple roles in immunity response. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) have been reported to be potential biomarkers in some MG patients; in particular, miR-150-5p and miR-21-5p for AChRAb MG and the let7 family for MuSKAb MG. These miRNA are involved in the development of T- and B-cell autoimmune responses. Some HLA associations have been reported, such as DR3-B8-A1 in early onset AChRAb MG and DR14, DR16 and DQ5 in MuSKAb MG. Characterization of novel humoral biomarkers is a topic of great importance for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of the various subgroups of MG, although it remains a partially fulfilled clinical need. Other serum biomarkers are currently the subject of active research.

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Book SynopsisAutoimmune diseases (ADs) occur when the immune system is mistakenly activated and attacks self antigens present in our body, leading to tissue destruction. Increasing prevalence of ADs is not only a problem for the affected patients but also causes enormous economic burden to the society. Genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors, and interactions between them contribute to the clinical disease outcome. Although most of these diseases are polygenic and multifactorial, and the clinical spectrum differs significantly between the ADs, shared genes and pathogenic pathways attacking specific tissues or organs do exist. Hence, better understanding of the immunological and pathological basis of these diseases will help to design early diagnostic methods, identify new drug targets, optimize treatments to alleviate sufferings of patients, and develop vaccines and methods to control progression of disease manifestations. This book is organized into seven chapters: Detailed description of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Psoriasis (Ps); Antibody mediated disease pathogenesis in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type I diabetes (T1D), antibody glycosylation and its critical role in its effector functions; macrophages in inflammation and its resolution and, the use of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for ADs are discussed in detail.

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Book SynopsisThis book comprises of ten chapters and it describes the origin, history, timeline, production and scope of immunoglobulins which are the central molecules of the immune system around which the field of immunology revolves. This book describes how the immune system responds to injuries and insults by foreign antigens (bacteria, viruses etc) and produces immunoglobulins, which then through various immune response mechanisms protect the body against pathogenic invasions. Further, it discusses how these antigens are involved in the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, how lymph nodes are involved in concentrating the antigens, how immunogenicity of an antigen is affected and how antigenicity of immunogens is related to the immune response. Classification of immunoglobulins and the organisation and expression of immunoglobulin genes is described separately. The antigen antibody interactions and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity are also discussed in separate chapters. The magic bullets or monoclonal antibodies, which have revolutionized the field of immunology, are described in greater detail, their production by hybridoma technology and the important role played by these antibodies in research, diagnostics and therapeutics is also discussed in the book. Lastly the immunodiagnostic techniques like radioimmunoassay (RIA), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), flowcytometry and their importance in the detection of various kinds of diseases like cancer, HIV-AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, etc. are discussed in detail as well in the book. The book contains a large number of flow charts, diagrams, depictions and tables highlighting the properties, characteristic features, functions and roles played by these immunoglobulins in various fields of biosciences.

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Book SynopsisThe book comprises of five chapters and describes the origin, production and scope of cytokines, which are the most important molecules of immune system around which the field of functional immunology revolves. This book describes how the immune system responds to injuries and insults by foreign antigens (bacteria, viruses etc.) and produces cytokines, which then, through various immune response mechanisms, protect the body against pathogenic invasions, how these glycoproteins are involved in the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, how lymph nodes are involved in concentrating the different forms of cytokines, how immunogenicity of a cytokine is affected and how a cytokine is related to the immune response. Various types of cytokines and the organization and expression of cytokine receptors are described separately. The properties, mechanistic function and therapeutic cytokines are also discussed in separate chapters. The characteristics, production and important roles played by different cytokines in research, diagnostics and therapeutics is described separately. Lastly the role of cytokines and chemokine's in infectious diseases and their importance in the detection of various kinds of diseases like cancer, HIV-AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria etc. are discussed in detail separately. The book contains a reasonable number of diagrams, flowcharts and tables. Besides this, various interesting and self-explanatory illustrations are incorporated to make the book useful to the students for whom it is written. The question bank, which includes long answer type, short answer type and multiple choice questions with their answers at the very end of each chapter, is developed to get a full grasp of the topic.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Introduction to Cytokines; Cytokines and Their Types; Properties and Functions of Cytokines; Therapeutic Cytokines; Chemokines and Cytokines in Infectious Diseases; About the Editor; About the Authors; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the Th17 cells and their involvement in health processes and a wide specter of disorders related to Th17 cells. The book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the hot and controversial topics regarding Th17 cells. Th17 cells have been investigated intensively in recent years. These cells play an essential role not only in protective immunity but also contribute to chronic inflammation in many immune-mediated disorders. The role of IL-17 and Th17 in different pathways has changed several paradigms in immunology, especially those related to chronic inflammation. The existing concepts of immunopathologic mechanisms related to Th17 cells in various pathological processes in the organism have been confirmed by many studies. Furthermore, the number of conditions influenced by Th17 cells seems to be increasing. The book covers the role of Th17 cells in human health and pathological processes such as inflammation, autoimmunity, allergy, cancerogenesis, etc. The pathologies related to these lymphocytes are in the field of rheumatology (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, systemic sclerosis), gastroenterology (inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, colorectal cancer, dermatology, allergy, neurology (multiple sclerosis), and respiratory medicine (allergic rhinitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis), in both children and adults. Special attention is paid to the controversial interaction between Th17 cells and T regulatory cells in autoimmunity and inflammation.Table of ContentsDedicationPrefaceTh17 Cells in HealthThe Role of Th17 Cells in Osteoclastogenesis and Rheumatoid ArthritisPhenotypic and Functional Heterogeneity of Th17 Cells in Systemic SclerosisThe Role of Th17 Cells in SpondyloarthritisAllergic Rhinitis, IL-17 and the Concept of a Common Respiratory PathwayTh17 Cells in Childhood AsthmaTh17 Cells and Cystic FibrosisMultiple Sclerosis: Th17 Cells in Immunopathogenesis and TherapyInflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents: Th17 Cells and Other PlayersTh17/Tregs Cells in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis during Anti-TNFαTherapyTh17 Cells Involvement in Celiac DiseaseTh17 Cells and Other PathologiesThe Controversial Interaction between Th17 and T Regulatory Cells in AutoimmunityIndex.

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Book SynopsisIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an increasingly recognized and novel systemic inflammatory disorder characterized by tumefactive lesions with infiltrating IgG4-positive plasma cells. The disease affects virtually every organ system. Immunologically, plasmablasts increase in patients with IgG4-RD in which activation and dysregulation of B cells may be involved. Accurate characterization by a method using various modalities and immunological evaluation including plain radiography, ultrasound, CT, scintigraphy, MRI and flow cytometry should be required. Comprehensively, we review and illustrate the systemic and organ-specific findings of IgG4-RD. This book shows a systematic and organ-specific evaluation of immunological and radiological findings for general practitioners. Moreover, the book is also interesting for the subspecialists including rheumatologists, dermatologists, otologists, respiratory physicians, clinical immunologists and radiologists, and patients and their families because patients with IgG4-RD visits every subspecialist by the tremendous various clinical symptoms and findings. The study in the book included 147 patients with IgG4-RD who visited Saga University Hospital from 1 January 2001 to 31 March 2020. Although the number of patients studied in this monograph was not so large, the patients evaluated and treated by a single institution are considered clinically valuable.Table of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; Introduction of IgG4-Related Disease; IgG4-Related Disease in Head and Neck; IgG4-Related Disease in Urinary Tract, IgG4-Related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Related Disorders; IgG4-Related Disease in Urinary Tract, IgG4-Related Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Related Disorders; Cardiovascular Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease; Musculoskeletal Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease; Abdominal Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease; Other Involved Organs and Tissues, Candidate Members of IgG4-RD and Uncommon Manifestations of Each IgG4-RD; Overview of IgG4-Related Diseases by Pictorial Clinical Immunology; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn recent months, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally, with the United States now reporting the highest number of cases of any country in the world. Currently, there are few treatment options available to lessen the health impact of the disease and no vaccines or other prophylactic treatments to curb the spread of the virus. Researchers and product developers are testing numerous types of vaccines-both in the laboratory and in some early-stage testing in humans. This book answers frequently asked questions about current efforts related to research and development of vaccines, their regulation, and related policy issues.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a critical appraisal of the data and evidence available in literature of the relative roles of the immune response to neoplastic cells. An attempt has been made to render a better understanding of the various modes of impact of the immune response against tumors in general, particularly gliomas in some of the chapters. Autoimmune response is one mode of reactivity to native component cells within the body. Neoplastic transformation, on the other hand, critically necessitated the absence of an effective immune response to the transformed tumor cells in order for the lesion to grow and metastasize. This book is aimed towards a wider readership, but its particularly for oncologists and the various clinical and academic professionals that care for patients with cancer. It is especially meant to provide a clear exposition of known facts regarding the genesis and further development of neoplasms. Examples of some of the commoner lesions are accounted for.Table of ContentsPreface; Predetermined Interplay of the Projected Malignant Transformation Step as Injury Non-Resolution; Systems of Active Immune Suppression as Integral Malignant Transformation in Infiltrating Glioma Cells; Systems of Failure of Immune Response to Early Carcinogenesis Recharacterize Such Early Carcinogenesis; Mirror Images of Geometric Pre-Setting of the Infiltrating Edges of High-Grade Gliomas; Failed Tumor Immuno-Antigenicity Is Expressed Suppression of an Autoimmunity in Defining Immune Privilege Status of the Lesion; Complex Effectiveness of General Immunity in Modulating the Specific Immune Response in Gliomas; Systems of Malignant Transformation as Integral Immune Nonresponse in Gliomagenesis; Immunodominance as Complex Patterned Interplay of Antigen Quantitation Phenomena in Pressure Immunity; Systems of Unstable Immunodominance of Antigen as Formulas for Central Immunosuppression in Tumor Cell Expansion; Failed Immunosurveillance as Failed Dendritic Cell Antigen PresentationSubstitution of Specific Tumor Antigenicity by Differentiation Associated Antigenicity; Projected Receptivity of Integral Gliomas to Malignant Transformation as Modeled by Dysfunctional Immunomodulation; Tumor Cell Identity as Projected by Immunotoxins within Heterogeneity and Hierarchical Systems of Progression; Dimensions of Reproducible Malignant Transformation as Brain Infiltration by Glioma; Infiltrativeness Attributes Project Schemes of Etiology and Pathogenesis in Sequential Malignant Transformations in Given Individual; Progressively Persistent Tumor Cell Growth and Recurrence and Spread as Interplay Dynamics between Individual Neoplastic Cells; Non-Response of the Immune System as Active Participant in Glioma Cell Genesis, Proliferation, and Spread in Normal Brain Tissues; Pathways of Non-Resolution in Targeting Tumor Cells by the Immune Response; Tumor Cell Antigenicity as Performance Hierarchy of Equilibrating Interactivity of Systems of Receptivity and Activation of Lymphocyte Subsets; Systems of Primary Regional Reformation in Tumor Origin and Mechanics: Regional versus Field Operability; Formulation of an Integral Antitumor Immune Response; Systems of Weak Immunogenicity as Originators of Early Spread and of Incremental Tumor Cell Growth and Proliferation; Index.

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Book SynopsisImmunology is the study of the body''s protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and the responses to them. These invaders include viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites. In addition, immune responses are developed against our own proteins (and other molecules) in auto-immunity and against our own aberrant cells in tumour immunity. The first line of defence against foreign organisms are barrier tissues such as the skin that stop the entry of organism into our bodies. A second line of defence is the specific or adaptive immune system which may take days to respond to a primary invasion (that is infection by an organism that has not hitherto been seen). This book brings together new research from around the globe dealing with this extremely important subject.

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Book SynopsisImmunology is the study of the body''s protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and the responses to them. These invaders include viruses, bacteria, protozoa or even larger parasites. In addition, immune responses are developed against our own proteins (and other molecules) in auto-immunity and against our own aberrant cells in tumour immunity. The first line of defence against foreign organisms are barrier tissues such as the skin that stop the entry of organism into our bodies. A second line of defence is the specific or adaptive immune system which may take days to respond to a primary invasion (that is infection by an organism that has not hitherto been seen). This book brings together new research from around the globe dealing with this extremely important subject.

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Book SynopsisNeuroimmunology is a rapidly-growing branch of biomedical science that studies of all aspects of the interactions between the immune system and nervous system. It deals with, among other things, the physiological functioning of the neuroimmune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the neuroimmune system in disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency), the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the neuroimmune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. Despite the brain''s status as an immune privileged site, an extensive bi-directional communication takes place between the nervous and the immune system in both health and disease. Immune cells and neuroimmune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors modulate brain function through multiple signalling pathways throughout the lifespan. Immunological, physiological and psychological stressors engage cytokines and other immune molecules as mediators of interactions with neuroendocrine, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter systems. For example, brain cytokine levels increase following stress exposure, while treatments designed to alleviate stress reverse this effect. This book presents leading research from around the globe.

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Book SynopsisIn recent years, transplantation immunology has evolved as a distinct field founded on the recognition that rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue is mediated by immune mechanisms in the host responding to antigens in the donor tissue. Included within the scope are T cell immunity; Antigen presentation; Alloreactivity; Pancreas and islet cell transplantation; Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Models of tolerance induction; Xenotransplantation and The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex. This book gathers the latest research in the exciting new field of transplantation immunology.

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Book SynopsisThis new book is devoted to leading-edge research developments in lupus which is a condition of chronic inflammation caused by an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses that occur when the body''s tissues are attacked by its own immune system. The immune system is a complex system within the body that is designed to fight infectious agents, for example, bacteria, and other foreign invaders. One of the mechanisms that the immune system uses to fight infections is the production of antibodies. Patients with lupus produce abnormal antibodies in their blood that target tissues within their own body rather than foreign infectious agents. Because the antibodies and accompanying cells of inflammation can involve tissues anywhere in the body, lupus has the potential to affect a variety of areas of the body. Sometimes lupus can cause disease of the skin, heart, lungs, kidneys, joints, and/or nervous system. When only the skin is involved, the condition is called discoid lupus. When internal organs are involved, the condition is called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

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Book SynopsisImmunosuppression involves an act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system. Some portions of the immune system itself have immuno-suppressive effects on other parts of the immune system, and immunosuppression may occur as an adverse reaction to treatment of other conditions. Deliberately induced immunosuppression is generally done to prevent the body from rejecting an organ transplant, treating graft-versus-host disease after a bone marrow transplant, or for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn''s disease. This is typically done using drugs, but may involve surgery (splenectomy), plasmapharesis, or radiation. A person who is undergoing immunosuppression, or whose immune system is weak for other reasons (for example, chemotherapy and HIV patients) is said to be immunocompromised. When an organ is transplanted, the immune system of the recipient will most likely recognise it as foreign tissue and attack it. The destruction of the organ will, if untreated, end in the death of the recipient. In the past, radiation therapy was used to decrease the strength of the immune system, but now immunosuppressant drugs are used to inhibit the reaction of the immune system. The downside is that with such a deactivated immune system, the body is very vulnerable to opportunistic infections, even those usually considered harmless. Also, prolonged use of immunosuppressants increases the risk of cancer. This book presents the latest research in the field.

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Book SynopsisIn immunology, an adjuvant refers to any agent that stimulates the immune system and thus, increases the response to a vaccine. Optimal conditions for effective processing of the antigen are provided by the appropriate adjuvants. This book discusses the role of such immunologic adjuvants in diseases such as cancer, their clinical use and their potential future applications. Cancer is often associated with an increasingly impaired immune response against a tumour. Escape mechanisms of the tumour affect the ability of the immune system to build up an effective response against the growing tumour. The roles of such adjuvants in cancer vaccinations are described. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune system. They are considered as major targets for the development of agonists that could serve as adjuvants and agents of immunotherapy. The development of TLR agonists for clinical use are discussed as well. CpG-ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) is described as well as how it could be effective as an adjuvant for humoral and cellular immunities. Additionally, a transcutaneous vaccination as an effective approach for the development of tumour vaccines is explained. The development of effective vaccines for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV represents one of the most important scientific public health challenges of our time. Novel concepts in malaria proteins are examined as well as recent advances in the design of synthetic vaccine candidates and antigen delivery systems based on immuno-potentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes. The majority of vaccines presently under investigation represents highly pure recombinant proteins or subunits of pathogens and hence lacks most of the features of the original pathogens. Thus, the development of safe and potent immunologic adjuvants that can enhance and direct vaccine-specific immunity is urgently needed. Aluminium hydroxide (alum) is currently the only vaccine adjuvant approved for human use world-wide. Thus, recent developments in immunology are examined as well as Toll-like receptors and other innate immune receptors. Finally, interleukin-6 plays a crucial role in CFA-augmented immune reactions. Studies that shed light on the involvement of interleukin-6 in the augmentation of immune response by immunologic adjuvants are thus explained.

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Book SynopsisChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a complicated disorder characterised by extreme fatigue that doesn''t improve with bed rest and may worsen with physical or mental activity. Chronic fatigue syndrome may occur after an infection, such as a cold or viral illness. The onset can also be during or shortly after a time of great stress, or it may come on gradually without a clear starting point or obvious cause. This book discusses new research in CFS, including the effects that CFS may have on immune system responses. The possible implications and prevention of CFS are also explored.

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Book SynopsisThere is a large and rapidly growing body of literature on the immunology in clinic practice. In this book, the authors have made an effort to brief descriptions of recent immunological developments in clinic practice. This book is not a textbook. All the chapters in the book are independent of each other; each is dedicated to a different clinic. To meet the needs of different readers, all chapters have a similar structure. Though the field of immunology has a wide range of research, we have tried to include the important developments in the book with examples and recent references. References are provided at the end of each chapter.

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Book SynopsisDNA vaccination is one of the most promising techniques for immunisation against diseases caused by viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and even for tumours and illnesses with genetic origins. These vaccines can be administered by direct inoculation of plasmid by several routes. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the types, advantages and limitations of DNA vaccines. Topics discussed include the role of novel carrier constructs in effective and safe DNA vaccine delivery; improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines; the role of DNA-IL-12 vaccination in cosinphilic inflammation; genetic immunisation enabling re-direction of the host immune system resulting in the development of effective immune responses; and DNA vaccination against herpesvirus.

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Book SynopsisMultiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to neuronal demyelination. As the disease progresses, oligodendrocytes and axons are destroyed, resulting in sclerotic plaques or lesion formation. Although treatment is available which can alleviate some of the symptoms, no cure is available. This book presents current research in the study of the causes, diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis. Topics discussed include the reactivity profile of B cells and autoantibodies in MS; the role of fatty acids in neurodegenerative diseases; the possible mechanisms that the Epstein-Barr virus is exploiting to trigger MS and immunoglobulin free light chains in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.

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Book SynopsisImmunotherapy is a medical term defined as "treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response". Immunotherapies are designed to elicit or amplify an immune response and are classified as activation immunotherapies. Immunotherapies designed to reduce, suppress or more appropriately direct an existing immune response, as in cases of autoimmunity or allergy, are classified as suppression immunotherapies. This book presents topical data on immunotherapies including: antifungal immunotherapy; active and specific immunotherapeutical strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer; allergen immunotherapy; dendritic cell/tumour fusion cell vaccine in cancer therapy; CRLA-4 inhibition in malignant melanoma; and others.

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Book SynopsisThis book contains material relevant for students and researchers interested in the basic science of infectious diseases. The material in this book is organised into three major sections. The first describes the structures of various pathogenic microbes. The emphasis in this section is on the surface structures as they mediate the critical step of adsorption of pathogens to their target host cells. There is also a subsection on protein secretion in bacteria. The second section reviews the basics of innate immunity as these are the first line of immune defence and are important to understand the immunological response and its consequences on the health status and physiological balance in the host. The third section provides a description of a number of infectious diseases, particularly those of the respiratory system and prion-related infections.

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Book SynopsisRegulatory T cells (sometimes known as suppresser T cells) are a specialised sub-population of T cells that act to suppress activation of the immune system and thereby maintain immune system homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens. This book presents topical research in the study of regulatory T cells, including the role of regulatory T cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; genetic engineering of antigen-specific regulatory T cells; regulatory T cells in arthritis, allergic disorders and immunomodulation; and the roles of immunoregulatory cells and the mechanisms of immune response.

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