Immunology Books

Book SynopsisInfections that were once treatable have become more difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics have saved millions of lives, but antibiotic use in food animals contributes to the emergence of resistant bacteria that may affect humans. The Departments of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Agriculture (USDA) are primarily responsible for ensuring food safety. This book presents the risk assessment and monitoring efforts of antibiotic resistance.

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Book SynopsisVaccines play an essential role in keeping humans and animals healthy. The vaccine has been one of the most important interventions designed to both prevent and to treat diseases, strengthening and improving the weakened immune system. In this book, the authors discuss veterinary sector vaccines and how they may be applied to improve human vaccines; immunisation recommendations for healthcare workers; a new vaccination method for exogenous and endogenous antigen initiated disorders; the impact of vaccination on disease prevention and control; and T-Cell vaccination for multiple sclerosis.

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Book SynopsisLooking back over the course of the three-plus decades of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, scholars and researchers have made many significant strides in understanding and responding to HIV and AIDS. From the inception of the HIV/AIDS epidemic during the early 1980s until the mid-1990s, when highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) was introduced as an innovative and highly-effective way of controlling HIV and HIV-related diseases, the "average" person diagnosed as being HIV-positive could expect to live for several months and if lucky, for a few years. Today, with the medical advances that have been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, people who have contracted HIV usually can expect to live relatively healthy lives, in most instances for many years without experiencing any serious complications of HIV disease. This book focuses on the social science aspects of current HIV research.

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Book SynopsisAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides which exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and often activity against virus. In addition, AMPs exert several functions including endotoxin neutralization, chemotactic and immunomodulating activities, angiogenesis, and wound repair. In this book, the authors discuss the innate immune system and lipopolysaccharides; the biological role of fish antimicrobial peptides; casein-derived peptides; antimicrobial peptides in intestinal inflammation and infection; insect antimicrobial peptides in immunity and mechanisms of action; potential of AMPs as therapeutic tools against infectious disease; and how LC-MS/MS-based quantitative protein profiling can aid mechanistic studies of antimicrobial peptides.

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Book SynopsisAuto-immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren''s syndrome, psoriasis, scleroderma (SSc) and myositis are heterogeneous disorders that result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Type I interferons (IFNs), especially IFN-α/β, have multiple biological functions including anti-viral and anti-bacterial properties, immuno-modulation, anti-proliferation, and intensive studies over decades have also revealed important roles in auto-immunity and cancer. Sustained Type I IFN elevation has been implicated in immune responses against self-antigens and tissue damage, which has led to the hypothesis that type I IFN might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of some auto-immune and inflammatory diseases. This book provides an overview of many key topics surrounding type I IFNs, beginning with detailed discussion of the type I IFN signalling pathway, the interplay between components that regulate this pathway, its involvement in auto-immunity, and a detailed review of the roles of type I IFNs in a series of well characterised inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.

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Book SynopsisThe primary focus of this book is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in inflammation, especially in molecular biological and clinical aspects. Chapters contained in this book are written by invited authors from all over the world, who are well-known experts in their respective fields. In the book, chapters discussed include the molecular basis of inflammatory mechanisms, the functional roles of inflammation in diseases and new treatments of anti-inflammation. This book will be useful to all who wish to understand the scientific basis of inflammatory disease.

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Book SynopsisRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are a vital component of the T cell immune system by their ability to control T cell responses that would lead to autoimmune disease. Tregs also protect damaged normal cells that are healing from T cells programmed to kill any abnormal cells in the body. Cancer (tumor) develops from normal cells and can express normal self-antigens. Tregs protect precancerous cells as if they were healing damaged cells and inhibit the anti-tumor T cell response by the use of advanced effector mechanisms, which stop the T cell immune system from effectively removing the tumor. The function of cells involved in this process is controlled by the cell membrane activation of intracellular translational pathways interacting with the nucleus that produces transcriptional proteins, which control cellular behavior such as secretion of lymphokines or cell proliferation. This book examines the function and related translational pathways of Tregs, anti-tumor T cells, and cancer cells. It relates that information to the treatment of cancer by examining human clinical trials of new immune cell-based treatments (immunotherapy). The book also proposes ways to improve those treatments by manipulating the translational pathways of immunotherapeutic cells. The hope is that these new treatment proposals stimulate positive thought about the future of cancer immunotherapy.

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Book SynopsisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the prototypical systemic autoimmune diseases characterised by inflammation, immune complex deposition, and vasculitis. Patients with SLE show various symptoms and clinical images, both constitutional and specific organ symptoms. They include the skin, joints, muscles, kidneys, lungs, nervous system, and blood vessels. Although the aetiology of the disease is still unclear, genetic, hormonal, immunologic abnormalities and environmental factors complicatedly play important roles in the pathophysiology in SLE. It is evident that multiple genes show genetic susceptibility to SLE. Environmental factors of SLE and immunologic abnormalities, especially the production of a number of auto-antibody, are important features of the disease. In this book, we present recent knowledge about the prevalence, pathophysiology and prognosis of SLE. The book includes various interesting chapters: Chapter One: An illustrated overview of the prevalence and clinical symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus; Chapter Two: Pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus; Chapter Three: MBL and MBL genotypes in SLE; Chapter Four: Novel biological activities of autoantibodies as the potential markers of systematic lupus erythematosus; Chapter Five: Cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) with clinical aspects and prognostics; Chapter Six: Prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus; Chapter Seven: Auto-antibody-producing RP105-negative B cells in humans and a murine model of lupus erythematosus.

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Book SynopsisThis novel was written to focus on some relevant aspects of a disease from the patients'' perspective but also to show the caregivers'' perspective. It is about celiac disease for two reasons. First, celiac disease is an emerging disease, so frequent to be considered a social epidemic'' and it involves several levels of intervention, beside the medical one. Secondly, the writers know well celiac disease because of many years of work with celiac patients. The story is about a common case of celiac disease, not a real one but a representative one: a young woman, her symptoms that worsen and allow the diagnosis. Celiac disease is not a rare disease and one must think of it. Every action intended to improve the awareness of celiac disease will increase the diagnosis rate but also ease the burden of a special'' life. A diagnosis of celiac disease gives a great opportunity to improve one''s people life, both because of better health and better quality of life. The aim of this novel is to offer a simple tool to increase the knowledge of celiac disease in people but also to ''humanise'' as much as possible what is for someone an extraordinary event.

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Book SynopsisThe authors reviewed a wide number of microbiological and medical papers outlining the profile of different probiotic strains in the immunemodulating activity related to major and minor clinical impairment of soluble and cell-mediated immunity. Starting from in vitro and experimental animal studies, a good number of clinical trials are reported, enclosing an update of the side effects of the probiotic long-term administration. Conclusively, the biological therapies are currently oriented to direct delivery of cytokines and molecules involved in the immune process enhancement. Using probiotics to sustain the immune response and to rescue the suppressed immunity is still a very modern approach, being also cheap and practical. This review thus highlights the rationale for this probiotic therapeutic indication which is largely safe and reliable.

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Book SynopsisThis book is intended as a guide for the diagnosis and management of children with celiac disease. It is an excellent learning resource suitable for students and health care providers in the fields of pediatrics, pediatric gastroenterology and pediatric endocrinology. Celiac disease is discussed in detail; gluten allergy and the so-called non-celiac gluten sensitivity are also briefly described. Besides the clinical aspects of the disease, the reader will find suggestions for the correct diagnosis and follow-up of short stature and other celiac related endocrine conditions. This book provides a thorough and critical update on the current knowledge on this unique autoimmune disease.

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Book SynopsisSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus) is a fairly common disease with a relatively high mortality rate that is characterized by multisystemic disorders, including the kidney. Recently, epidemiologic studies also show that the incidence of new SLE cases is increasing. Renal involvement is very common in systemic lupus erythematosus, occurring in up to 2/3 of patients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Lupus nephritis affects glomeruli, tubules, interstitium peritubular capillaries, arteries, and veins with a spectrum of lesion. Although tubular, interstitial, and vascular lesions are common in lupus nephritis and may contribute significantly to overall disease severity, activity, and chronicity, they are not considered in most important classifications (OMS and ISN/RPS). These classifications are based entirely on the evaluation of glomerular alterations. Furthermore, the increasingly recognized, new pathological entity called lupus podocitopathy in the context of SLE, is not also accepted in the above classifications. Amyloidosis, non-lupus nephritides (including IgA nephropathy), therapeutic nephrotoxicity, and lupus in overlap with other connective tissue diseases are occasionally described. Therefore, this new case-based book fills a gap in the literature, and the authors call attention to some clinical entities which are less known and more difficult to recognize. The book design allows correlating morphologic aspects with clinical findings, and determines the prognosis and therapeutic response. It is a useful resource for pathologists, nephrologists, rheumatologist, physicians, and lupus and kidney students. Each case consists of typical histology images, a brief history, diagnosis, discussion, and pearls and pitfalls. The book is based on a multicenter experience, and the importance of kidney biopsy in the differential diagnosis is emphasised.

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Book SynopsisBehçet''s disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of unknown etiology involving multiple organs. Along with blindness, other bodily functions are greatly affected by this disease; conditions of the vascular, intestinal and central nervous systems are usually life threatening and require aggressive therapy. Recently, significant progress has been made in several areas of this disease. The introduction of biological agents (such as anti-TNF) have had a positive impact on the effectiveness of treatments. However, there are still a number of unmet needs in various fields of this disease. Despite this, there remains a number of unaddressed issues concerning the treatments of this disease. Several genes have been shown to be associated with this disease, in addition to HLA-B51. Abnormalities in several subsets of T helper cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Behçet''s disease. Recent advances in the field of innate immunity have shed light on the new aspects of Behçet''s disease; that is, this disease has both autoimmunity and autoinflammatory aspects. On the other hand, there are still controversies as to the diagnosis and treatment of recalcitrant manifestations of the disease. This publication highlights the most recent understanding of Behçet''s disease and raises several unanswered questions in both basic to clinical treatment of this ailment. The contents of this book are primarily based on the most up-to-date results of research programs sponsored by the Japanese government as well as findings from Korean researchers. In particular, novel classification for neurological involvement (which has been discovered in Japan) led to the establishment of diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendation. Thus, this publication brings forth useful information for a variety of specialists who are involved in the management of this intractable disease.

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Book SynopsisFood allergies have a considerable impact on modern society. Some of the most severe allergic reactions occur when peanuts and peanut derivatives are consumed. The main causative agents of a peanut allergy are proteins. The total protein content of a peanut is represented by thirty-two different proteins, of which about eighteen (nearly 7-10%) have been identified as capable of binding specific IgE, and so can be considered allergenic. Comprised of six chapters, this book comprehensively covers all topics of peanut allergy. A unique, concise and up-to-date resource, it offers readers an innovative and valuable presentation of the subject. It has been carefully prepared to present the concepts with the help of diagrams and tables. Each chapter is presented in a simple and systematic way to provide a thorough understanding of the core aspects of peanut allergy and the components of peanuts which cause allergic reactions. The basic concepts of clinical aspects, peanut allergens properties, cross reactivity and stability of peanut allergens and the legislation to protect sensitive people are clearly explained. Recent discoveries of peanut allergens are highlighted. From the description of the first peanut allergen called Ara h1 in 1991, so far there have been about thirteen proteins with allergenic action described. Theallergenic proteins in a peanut, named Ara h1 Ara h17 and agglutinin have been identified, largely characterised and accepted by the Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS). Some of these allergens have established structural features, biochemical and physicochemical properties and their biosynthesis genes encoded. Being proteins, peanut allergens can suffer some modifications during food processing and digestion (acylation, polymerisation, nitration, Maillard reaction etc.), and interactions within complex food matrices (both natural and fabricated structures). These modifications can reduce or increase their allergenic properties and are influenced by the food matrix. Peanut allergens have different cross-reactions with other allergens such as, for example, those of soybean, peas, lima beans, green beans, chickpeas, lentils or other beans. Methods commonly used to detect and quantify peanut allergens are mainly immunochemical and molecular methods. However, methods have been developed based on HPLC techniques coupled both with and without mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism, FTIR or NMR. Peanut allergy is high and there is currently no treatment for it. There is a lethal risk associated with peanut allergy, and in order to protect public health, the regulatory bodies worldwide will issue legislation concerning a requirement to clearly have a warning label of the possible presence of food allergens. The last chapter contains some of the most used preventive actions and elaborated legislation in different countries.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to provide updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest to gather information, carry out new investigations, and develop novel drugs that are more effective and do not cause adverse effects targeting the innate immune system. This book is of high priority to people interested in an update on innate immunity. Volume 1 examines the participation of innate immunity in diseases such as infections by viruses, cancer, or parasites. Specifically, this volume discusses innate immunity as it relates to chronic HIV infection, type 2 diabetes, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as its relationship with vitamin D. The dual role of neutrophils in cancer development and the plasticity of natural killer cells are investigated. Also, the immune response to infections from helminth and Toxoplasma gondii are described. The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to its Clinical Implications. Volume 1 promises to be a must-have book for all people who want to know about the role of the basic functioning of the innate immune system in several diseases of actual relevance to human health.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of this book, The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to Its Clinical Implications. Volume 2, is to provide updated information to scientists and clinicians that is valuable in their quest to gather information, carry out new investigations, or to check on clinical implications of the innate immune system function during disease. This book is of high priority to people interested in an update on innate immunity. Volume 2 examines topics such as the participation of the innate immune system in homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, the innate immune response and its modulation by sex hormones during chronic lung inflammation, and asthma beyond adaptive immunity. Moreover, the role of TLRS during arthritis rheumatoid onset and development is discussed as well as the modulation of the innate immune system by extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, a novel strategy to interrupt the transmission of diseases by mosquitoes and the modulation of the innate immune system by the endocrine disrupting compounds bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are discussed. The Innate Immune System in Health and Disease: From the Lab Bench Work to its Clinical Implications. Volume 2 promises to be a must-have book for all people who want to know about the role of the basic functioning of the innate immune system in several diseases of actual relevance to human health.

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Book SynopsisThe significance of autoimmune diseases increases day by day. Cancer is an important cause of mortality for which no definitive treatment has yet been found. Cancer can occur for many reasons. Studies have shown that autoimmunity underlies some types of cancer. On the contrary, antitumor immune responses may become cross-reactive with their own tissues, resulting in the development of autoimmunity. Further investigation of the relationship between autoimmunity and cancer will open new horizons for diagnosis and treatment of both groups of disease. This book presents studies of potential mechanisms linking autoimmunity and cancer and the relationship of malignancies with autoimmune disorders.

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Book SynopsisThe rapid acceptance of immunohistochemistry as an important and even indispensable adjunct to morphological examination and diagnosis requires the modern anatomical pathology laboratory to be conversant with, and proficient in, immunostaining procedures, as well as methods of tissue processing and antigen retrieval and the underlying characteristics of the increasing number of antibodies and antisera available. This fully revised, expanded and updated edition provides a comprehensive list of antisera and monoclonal antibodies that have useful diagnostic applications in tissue sections and cell preparations. Various clones, which are commercially available to detect the same antigen, are listed and the sensitivities and specificities of the antibodies are discussed. Importantly, the authors, all pathologists with a wealth of experience in immunostaining procedures, provide fully referenced details and expert advice on each reagent, with the reader will find invaluable. Finally, the appendices provide easily accessible and clear summaries of selected antibody panels for specific diagnostic situations, details of heat-induced antigen/epitope retrieval (including the use of microwaves) and a useful reference to the websites of the main antibody suppliers.

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Book SynopsisThe immune system plays an essential part to maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. It is responsible for tolerance towards self antigens and for recognition and elimination of infectious invaders and cancer cells. Immunomodulating agents constitute a wide family of therapeutic products for the treatment and prevention of human disease and pathophysiological situations with immunological imbalances. This Forum on immunomodulators represents a selection of important examples of immunomodulating agents readily usable in human therapy. Several potential applications of cytokines as well as synthetic products are also presented.

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Book SynopsisIn this volume, the authors describe a rational and evidence-based approach to the integrative therapy of rheumatologic, allergic, and autoimmune disorders, integrating the principles of alternative and complementary therapies into the principles and practice of conventional medical therapy. The authors examine what works and what doesn''t and offer practical guidelines for physicians for incorporating integrative medicine into their practice and advising patients on reasonable and effective therapies. The text discusses areas of controversy and identifies areas of uncertainty where future research is needed. Chapters cite the best available evidence for both safety and efficacy of all therapies discussed. Information will be presented in accessible and easy-to-read formats, including clinical pearls, case histories, and key points, with a second text color for highlighting key information.Trade ReviewThis beautifully produced volume was not only a pleasure to handle but also a real pleasure to read. * International Musculoskeletal Medicine *

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Book SynopsisIn Defense of Self introduces some of most important medical advances of the past hundred years, from the development of vaccines and the treatment of allergies, autoimmunity and cancer, to prolonging organ transplants and combating AIDS. It not only explains how a vital part of our bodies works, but also provides background for continuing research.Table of ContentsPART I: HOW THE IMMUNE SYSTEM WORKS; PART II THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE

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