Geophysics Books

Book SynopsisPresents an introduction to the global carbon cycle. This book tells about the many ways the global carbon cycle is woven into our climate system. It looks at the carbon cycle on three different time scales, describing how the cycle interacts with climate in very distinct ways in each.Trade ReviewSecond Place in the 2012 Book Series in the Professional Scholarly Series category, New York Book Show "Archer's book, The Global Carbon Cycle, one of the Princeton Primers in Climate, is a detailed, but readable look at the science behind the way the Earth reacts to carbon and other factors that relate to global climate. He discusses changes in the Earth's temperature throughout history and the reasons behind. Such factors as the gradual warming of the sun and changes in the Earth's orbit are examined. Without some understanding of the science that goes beyond parroting what we hear in the form of sound bites on the evening news, we cannot have an informed discussion."--Brad Sylvester, Yahoo News "[David Archer] clearly presents the treatments of changes in the Earth's orbital trajectory, anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide, ocean pH swings, and temperature shifts. Archer's use of three different timescales to clarify Earth's historical climate cycles illustrates his mastery of thermodynamics and chemical equilibria."--Choice "If you want to understand why scientists can't seem to find consensus on climate change, then this book, through its honest acknowledgement of how much we don't know and what we can't completely predict, will help."--Pat Thomas, Geographical "An easily readable format, this lightweight book is an excellent companion to those who need a quick on-the-go reference or for those who need a compendium for their office or lab... The Global Carbon Cycle is an authoritative book with numerous examples explaining scientific phenomena associated the global carbon cycle. The Global Carbon Cycle book also contains a glossary of terms along with an excellent bibliography for further reading."--Gabriel Thoumi, Mongabay.com "Archer's book is a must read for specialists and graduate students in geochemistry, palaeoclimatology, and modem climate change. This is an essential source of fresh information on carbon cycling on the Earth."--Dmitry A. Ruban, Palaeontologie allgemeinTable of ContentsList of Boxes vii Chapter 1: C arbon on Earth 1 Chapter 2: The Stable Geologic Carbon Cycle 21 Chapter 3: The Unstable Ice Age Carbon Cycle 57 Chapter 4: The Present and Future Carbon Cycle--Stable or Unstable? 103 Chapter 5: Methane 141 Chapter 6: Summary 174 Glossary 179 Bibliography 187 Index 203

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Book SynopsisRivers are essential to every aspect of civilization, yet how many understand how they work? Fleming takes readers on a journey along our planet's waterways, providing a scientist's reflections on the profound interrelationships that rivers have with landscapes, ecosystems, and societies.Trade Review“[Fleming] engenders a new appreciation for the waterways around us.”—Library Journal“[A] deft primer.”—Barbara Kiser, Nature“Fleming’s decades of experience shine through in this book. Abstract physics concepts feel more relevant when applied to concrete phenomena that readers can visualize.”—Laurel Hamers, Science News“Where the River Flows offers a paradigm shift in understanding the rivers.”—Current Science“Fleming’s style is colloquial and engages the reader quickly. . . . This small volume is a good buy for anyone with an enquiring mind about rivers or indeed about natural science in general.”—Colin Levings, Ormsby Review“Extremely interesting and informative. Fleming makes difficult scientific concepts accessible to the layperson, and takes a very broad range of topics and shows how they are interconnected in so many ways.”—Karen C. Rice, University of Virginia“Where the River Flows is distinctive and engaging. Fleming is skilled at explaining relatively complex ideas in simple and accessible language.”—Ellen Wohl, Colorado State University

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Book SynopsisContinental Drift: Colliding Continents, Converging Cultures is as much an account of the impressions Western culture made on Constantin Roman as a young researcher from behind the Iron Curtain as a personal history of the developing new science of plate tectonics. The book elucidates the author''s struggles against a web of bureaucracy to secure his rights in the free world while exploring historical events. A refined observer of the contrast of cultures between East and West, Roman''s personal story relates his encounters with eminent scientists, artists, and embassy officials.Constantin Roman defied communist restrictions by coming to England in 1968 on a NATO travel grant. After being encouraged by Keith Runcorn at the University of Newcastle to stay in Britain for a higher degree, he received a Ph.D. scholarship at the University of Cambridge. This is where he studied under Sir Edward Bullard when plate tectonics was in its infancy, when the concepts of continental drift aTrade Review"…a lively and interesting read."-Cambridge University PressTable of ContentsDedications. Epigraph. Author Biography. Foreword. Acknowledgments. Preface. The DNA Signature. Nato Secret. Paris Student Riots. Pet on One Pound a Day. The Rat Race. Lotus-Eater. Suggested Reading. Index.

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Book SynopsisThanks to ever-more sophisticated technology archaeologists can identify much that is beneath the soil without having to excavate. From Pitt-Rivers banging the surface of the ground with a pick in the late nineteenth century, through Atkinson''s revolutionary use of the ''Megger-Earth Tester'', to modern-day radar survey, the value of geophysical techniques is lucidly explained with many real-life case studies.

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Book SynopsisA discussion of the most widely used method for archaeological prospecting, covering the technical background of magnetometry and explaining what is measured and how this knowledge is used in archaeological surveys.Trade ReviewThe goal of the. . . book, Magnetometry for Archaeologists, is 'to establish a framework for the significance and understanding of magnetometry with respect to archaeological investigation' (p. 179). The author's goal is clearly met by this book. ... This book is clearly written and well-illustrated. . . all aspects of the images are explained in the caption, including scale, direction of north, and color ramp. * Journal of Anthropological Research *By providing a more in-depth treatment of the subject than can be found in general texts, this book is directed at both those with little or no background knowledge and those who want to probe more deeply into the subject. Despite the complexity of the subject, the authors have clearly gone to great pains to make it accessible to non-specialists. It will no doubt find its place amongst other formative texts on archaeological geophysics. It covers the subject in a clear and coherent manner and should be welcomed for that reason alone. -- Ben Gourley, University of York * Antiquity *A strong introduction to magnetic survey for archaeologists with emphasis on basic magnetic concepts, magnetometer sensor configurations, practical field issues and survey design. The origin and nature of archaeo-magnetic fields and their appearance as "anomalies" in the data is made clear. The numerous data processing and display steps required to render a graphic suitable for archaeological interpretation are described. Archaeological interpretation of magnetic data is addressed in the context of survey case studies. Readable and to the point, this is a useful contribution for archaeologists on a subject that at its core is both multidisciplinary and complex. -- Lewis Somers, Archaeo-PhysicsTable of ContentsChapter 1. Concepts Chapter 2. Magnetometers Chapter 3. Magnetic Anomalies and Sources of Noise Chapter 4. Data Collection; Some Practical Problems and Solutions Chapter 5. Processing and Displaying Magnetometer Data Chapter 6. Archaeology and the Interpretation of Magnetometer Data Chapter 7. Magnetometry and Archaeological Prospecting - The Future

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Book SynopsisEarth Resistance for Archaeologists, written by the foremost expert in the field, provides archaeologists with the know-how required to exploit the significant potential of earth resistance methods. A wide variety of possible uses are presented, including cases where earth resistance surveys succeeded in mapping buried archaeological remains that magnetometer surveys were unable to detect. Examples include earth resistance data from many archaeological sites, including in England, Scotland, Nepal, Bangladesh, and more. The archaeological features that can be detected through earth resistance methods are varied, ranging from ditches, pits, and grave cuts to stone and brick foundations, and even include whole landscapes. Whereas area surveys were traditionally the most common earth resistance method, depth profiling and vertical imaging have become well-developed tools that allow electrical depth investigations in three dimensions. Both techniques are described in detail and archaeologisTrade ReviewSchmidt covers the topic in a consistent way, keeping a balance between theory and practice and making use of limited mathematical concepts. In this way, the book is meant to be as clear as possible for archaeologists (but also for specialists from other disciplines) who may lack sufficient mathematical background but are still eager to gain some knowledge on resistivity prospection. Combining a well-balanced mixture of theory, practical issues, and examples, the book can become a standard reference for undergraduate students and even professionals. * American Journal of Archaeology *Perhaps the greatest strength of the book – which requires a skill not to be underestimated – is the success with which it takes this complex subject, distils it, and presents it in such a way that nonspecialists as well as geophysicists will find it approachable and enlightening. It is clear that the author not only has great expertise in the field, but is also a natural teacher: the text remains focused, concise and readable throughout. It is infused with enthusiasm, making it engaging and motivating. . . .As archaeological geophysics continues to grow in terms of knowledge, application and profile, in both the commercial and academic worlds, this book is arguably long overdue. * Archaeological Prospection *Newcomers to earth resistance studies will be delighted that Armin Schmidt has distilled a huge body of historical and modern sources to provide a clear and unambiguous guide to the theoretical underpinning of the subject. While there are plenty of geophysical text books that cover some of the issues within this volume, none focus on the near surface as effectively. Experienced archaeological geophysicists will find many thoughtful insights that will open new areas of research and learning. For teachers and students alike, this volume will be indispensable. -- Chris Gaffney, University of Bradford, UKEarth Resistance for Archaeologists offers a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of the subject from one of the world’s foremost teachers and practitioners. Beginning with basic concepts of electricity it develops the theory of earth resistance, examines how it can be measured in the ground with a variety of arrays, indicates how archaeological features are expressed and how they may be imaged in plan, in profile, or three-dimensionally, and gives a host of examples ranging from field case studies to recipes for data processing. Earth Resistance for Archaeologists offers a comprehensive and in-depth review suitable for beginners, who will benefit from its clear discussions, many illustrations, and example applications, and for the advanced student who can jump into theoretical details. This book is exactly what the increasing number of archaeologists who employ resistance surveys need to better understand what they are doing and why and to improve their craft to reach state-of-the-art practice. -- Kenneth L. Kvamme, University of ArkansasTable of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Electrical Currents in the Ground Chapter 2: Results from the Homogenous Ground Chapter 3: The Electrical Signature of Features in the Ground Chapter 4: Resistivity Imaging Chapter 5: Implications for Field Practice Chapter 6: Data Treatment Chapter 7: Case Studies and Data Interpretation Chapter 8: Conclusion Bibliography Index About the Author

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Book Synopsis1: The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea.- 2: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. ANCIENT TSUNAMIS.- 3: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st16th CENTURIES.- 4: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th18th CENTURIES.- 5: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th CENTURY.- 6: Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th CENTURY.- 7: Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millenium.- Appendix 1: Main parameters of tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 2: List of tsunamigenic events in the Mediterranean Sea.- Appendix 3: Equivalents of the International System Units to units of other countries and to extra-system units.- References.- Index of Geographic Names.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Structure of the Catalogue. 1. The Main Tsunamigenic Zones in the Mediterranean Sea. 2. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. Ancient Tsunamis. 3. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 1st - 16th Centuries. 4. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 17th - 18th Centuries. 5. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 19th Century. 6. Characteristics of the Source of Tsunami Generation and Description of Tsunami. 20th Century. 7. Study of Tsunamis in Greece and Italy at the Turn of the Millennium. Appendices. References. Index of Geographic Names.

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Book SynopsisEerie, fascinating, and often moving, these tales of geologic history and human fortitude and folly will stay with you long after you put the book down.Trade ReviewIf you want to learn more about these disasters than just what's in the news headlines, this is the book for you. -- Ian Paulsen Birdbooker Report 2011Table of ContentsPrefacePrologue: Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism1. Earthquakes: The Earth in Upheaval2. Tsunamis: The Sea Rises Up3. Volcanoes: Hell's Cauldron4. Landslides: Gravity Always Wins5. Floods: Raging Waters6. Hurricanes, Cyclones, and Typhoons: Nature on the Rampage7. Tornadoes: Funnels of Death8. Blizzards: White Death9. Ice Ages: Frozen Planet10. Greenhouse Planet: Too Hot to Handle?11. Mass Extinctions: When Life Nearly Died12. Can We Survive Nature—and Our Own Folly?BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisPublic misperception of radiological risk consistently directs limited resources toward managing minimal or even phantom risks at great cost to government and industry with no measurable benefit to overall public health. The public's inability to comprehend small theoretical risks arrived at through inherently uncertain formulae, coupled with an irrational push to eliminate all risk with no contextual understanding of overall benefit, results in a forfeiture of valuable advances in technology in favor of an illusion of safety. Radiation Risks in Perspective uses general concepts underlying radiological risk as a model to illuminate the fundamental problems in public perception, reaction, and policy when faced with possible health risks. Presenting three distinct themes, the author summarizes the causes for the failure of the current system and proposes methods for correction. Beginning with a discussion of the methods used to measure threat, the author weighs the nebulous Trade Review“… the book provides a useful source of information on how risks, and especially radiological risks, are assessed, evaluated and communicated by/to a variety of stakeholders including scientists, legislators, pressure groups and the public. … The book contains a great deal of interesting information and is certainly thought-provoking. It also contains some useful cross-references to chemical risks and how these are addressed. … The book is intended for scientists, lawyers, engineers, policy makers and public health professionals … ”— Ron Brown, in the Journal of Radiological Protection“The book is written in a spirited tone…. It imposes a minimum burden of mathematical symbols, freshens graphs from the older literature to make them easy for a broad audience to understand, and provides simply formatted tables that list the main concepts as they are introduced. …notes following every chapter…deepen the exposition…. The mixing of a studied description of risk management with advocacy, debate, and some stridency makes for an exciting read. …gives anyone interested in risk management policy the perspective of a well-read, involved, and spirited actor in the field.” —Mark P. Langer, Indiana University School of Medicine, writing in the American Journal of Roentgenology, (189) 1Table of ContentsIntroduction. Risky Business. Scientific Guesswork. No Safe Dose. Uncertain Risk. Zero or Bust. Misplaced Priorities. Avoiding Risk. Radiation from the Gods. Hold the Phone. PR Campaign: Proportion, Prioritization and Precaution. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 15. Here is your state-of-the-art guidebook through soil infiltration theory in response to hydrologic problems. By focusing on the theoretical basis of physically based infiltration functions and their application, Infiltration Theory for Hydrologic Applications presents an in-depth review of current issues and concerns. For scientists wishing concise and robust equations that can be applied in models for a variety of objectives.Table of ContentsPreface vii 1. Introduction 1 Brief History 1 Runoff Mechanisms 3 Engineering and Scientific Approaches to Hydrology 4 Objective and Scope of this Work 5 2. Basic Porous Media Hydraulics 7 Capillary Properties of Soil Water 7 Porous Media 9 Darcy's Law 12 Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media 13 Steady Flow Soil Water Relations 14 Functional Representation of Hydraulic Characteristics 18 3. Some Essentials of One-Dimensional Porous Media Dynamics 25 Introduction 25 Absorption: Gravity-Free Intake 27 Infiltration: Vertical Flow 31 Mathematical Approximations for Soil Water Flow 34 Approximations for Soil Hydraulic Characteristics 36 4. A Realistic Integrable Nonlinear Model for Transient Unsaturated Flow 41 Introduction 41 Integrable Forms of Richards' Equation' 43 Solution of Nonlinear Diffusion Equation 46 Required Forms for Soil Characteristics 49 Solution of the Integrable Form 55 Discussion and Summary 60 5. Absorption and Infiltration Relations and the Infiltrability-Depth Approximation 63 Introduction 63 Absorption 65 Infiltration 73 Stability of Flux-ConcentrationR elation 85 6. Infiltrability Models: Comparisons and Application 97 Introduction 97 Timing of Pending 98 Time Explicit Approximations 108 Applying the Infiltrability Models to Variable Rainfall Patterns 114 7. Applying Infiltration Models in Layered Soils and Redistribution Cases 119 Introduction 119 Redistribution and Reinfiltration 119 Layered Soils 122 8. Field Measurements of Infiltration Parameters 135 Introduction 135 Drip Infiltrometers 136 Ring Infiltrometers 138 Permeameters 141 9. Infiltration and Runoff on a Hillslope 159 Introduction 159 General Surface Flow and Infiltration Interaction 160 Effect of Surface Relief on Surface Water Losses 162 Infiltration Heterogeneity and Runoff 164 Appendices 185 I. Derivation of the Infiltration Integral from Richards' Equation 185 II. Attenuation of Characteristic Kinematic Shock in Soil Water Flow 187 III. Finite Difference Solution Method for Richards' Equation 190 List of Symbols and Abbreviations 199 References 203 Index 211

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Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 199.Table of ContentsPreface Danny Summers, Ian R. Mann, and Daniel N. Baker ix Introduction Danny Summers, Ian R. Mann, and Daniel N. Baker 1 Section I: Historical Perspective Space Weather: Affecting Technologies on Earth and in Space Louis J. Lanzerotti 11 Section II: Current State of Knowledge of Radiation Belts SAMPEX: A Long-Serving Radiation Belt Sentinel Daniel N. Baker and J. Bernard Blake 21 Large-Amplitude Whistler Waves and Electron Acceleration in the Earth's Radiation Belts: A Review of STEREO and Wind Observations C. A. Cattell, A. Breneman, K. Goetz, P. J. Kellogg, K. Kersten, J. R. Wygant, L. B. Wilson III, M. D. Looper, J. B. Blake, and I. Roth 41 Classification of Pc1-2 Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves at Geosynchronous Orbit B. J. Fraser, S. K. Morley, R. S. Grew, and H. J. Singer 53 The Role of Ultralow Frequency Waves in Radiation Belt Dynamics Ian R. Mann, Kyle R. Murphy, Louis G. Ozeke, I. Jonathan Rae, David K. Milling, Andy Kale, and Farideh Honary 69 Section III: Space Missions NASA's Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission: From Concept to Reality R. L. Kessel 93 The Energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) Project Y. Miyoshi, T. Ono, T. Takashima, K. Asamura, M. Hirahara, Y. Kasaba, A. Matsuoka, H. Kojima, K. Shiokawa, K. Seki, M. Fujimoto, T. Nagatsuma, C. Z. Cheng, Y. Kazama, S. Kasahara, T. Mitani, H. Matsumoto, N. Higashio, A. Kumamoto, S. Yagitani, Y. Kasahara, K. Ishisaka, L. Blomberg, A. Fujimoto, Y. Katoh, Y. Ebihara, Y. Omura, M. Nosé, T. Hori, Y. Miyashita, Y.-M. Tanaka, T. Segawa, and ERG Working Group 103 RESONANCE Project for Studies of Wave-Particle Interactions in the Inner Magnetosphere M. M. Mogilevsky, L. M. Zelenyi, A. G. Demekhov, A. A. Petrukovich, D. R. Shklyar, and RESONANCE Team 117 Section IV: Modeling and Simulations Global Structure of ULF Waves During the 24–26 September 1998 Geomagnetic Storm Scot R. Elkington, Anthony A. Chan, and Michael Wiltberger 127 ULF Wave–Driven Radial Diffusion Simulations of the Outer Radiation Belt Louis G. Ozeke, Ian R. Mann, Kyle R. Murphy, I. Jonathan Rae, and Anthony A. Chan 139 Nonlinear Radial Transport in the Earth's Radiation Belts B. T. Kress, M. K. Hudson, A. Y. Ukhorskiy, and H.-R. Mueller 151 Section V: Radiation Belt Injections, Dropouts, and Magnetospheric Variability Time Scales for Localized Radiation Belt Injections to Become a Thin Shell M. W. Liemohn, S. Xu, S. Yan, M.-C. Fok, and Q. Zheng 161 Rebuilding Process of the Outer Electron Radiation Belt: The Spacecraft Akebono Observations T. Nagai 177 The Shock Injection of 24 March 1991: Another Look J. B. Blake 189 Outer Radiation Belt Flux Dropouts: Current Understanding and Unresolved Questions D. L. Turner, S. K. Morley, Y. Miyoshi, B. Ni, and C.-L. Huang 195 Rapid Radiation Belt Losses Occurring During High-Speed Solar Wind Stream–Driven Storms: Importance of Energetic Electron Precipitation Aaron T. Hendry, Craig J. Rodger, Mark A. Clilverd, Neil R. Thomson, Steven K. Morley, and Tero Raita 213 Background Magnetospheric Variability as Inferred From Long Time Series of GOES Data David J. Thomson 225 Section VI: Wave-Particle Interactions Generation Processes of Whistler Mode Chorus Emissions: Current Status of Nonlinear Wave Growth Theory Yoshiharu Omura, David Nunn, and Danny Summers 243 Aspects of Nonlinear Wave-Particle Interactions Jay M. Albert, Xin Tao, and Jacob Bortnik 255 Linear and Nonlinear Growth of Magnetospheric Whistler Mode Waves Danny Summers, Rongxin Tang, and Yoshiharu Omura 265 High-Energy Electron Diffusion by Resonant Interactions With Whistler Mode Hiss J.-F. Ripoll and D. Mourenas 281 Recent Advances in Understanding the Diffuse Auroral Precipitation: The Role of Resonant Wave-Particle Interactions Binbin Ni and Richard M. Thorne 291 Section VII: Energy Coupling in the Inner Magnetosphere The Role of the Earth's Ring Current in Radiation Belt Dynamics Vania K. Jordanova 303 Ring Current Asymmetry and the Love-Gannon Relation G. L. Siscoe and M.-C. Fok 315 The Importance of the Plasmasphere Boundary Layer for Understanding Inner Magnetosphere Dynamics Mark B. Moldwin and Shasha Zou 321 The Role of Quiet Time Ionospheric Plasma in the Storm Time Inner Magnetosphere Andrew W. Yau, Andrew Howarth, W. K. Peterson, and Takumi Abe 329 Cold Ion Outflow as a Source of Plasma for the Magnetosphere S. Haaland, K. Li, A. Eriksson, M. André, E. Engwall, M. Förster, C. Johnsen, B. Lybekk, H. Nilsson, N. Ostgaard, A. Pedersen, and K. Svenes 341 What Happens When the Geomagnetic Field Reverses? J. F. Lemaire and S. F. Singer 355 Section VIII: Radiation Belts and Space Weather What the Satellite Design Community Needs From the Radiation Belt Science Community T. P. O'Brien, J. E. Mazur, and T. B. Guild 365 Storm Responses of Radiation Belts During Solar Cycle 23: HEO Satellite Observations J. F. Fennell, S. Kanekal, and J. L. Roeder 371 Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment: Differential Flux Measurements of Energetic Particles in a Highly Inclined Low Earth Orbit X. Li, S. Palo, R. Kohnert, D. Gerhardt, L. Blum, Q. Schiller, D. Turner, W. Tu, N. Sheiko, and C. Shearer Cooper 385 Section IX: Radiation Belts Beyond Earth Radiation Belts of the Solar System and Universe B. H. Mauk 405 Plasma Wave Observations at Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn G. B. Hospodarsky, K. Sigsbee, J. S. Leisner, J. D. Menietti, W. S. Kurth, D. A. Gurnett, C. A. Kletzing, and O. Santolik 415 AGU Category Index 431

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Book SynopsisPublished by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201.Table of ContentsPreface Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov vii Introduction Joseph D. Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V. Khanzanov 1 Section I: Physical Processes Ionosphere-Thermosphere Physics: Current Status and Problems R. W. Schunk 3 Physical Characteristics and Modeling of Earth's Thermosphere Tim Fuller-Rowell 13 Solar Cycle Changes in the Photochemistry of the Ionosphere and Thermosphere P. G. Richards 29 Energetics and Composition in the Thermosphere A. G. Burns, W. Wang, S. C. Solomon, and L. Qian 39 Section II: Numerical Methods Numerical Methods in Modeling the Ionosphere J. D. Huba and G. Joyce 49 Ionospheric Electrodynamics Modeling A. D. Richmond and A. Maute 57 Section III: IT Models The NCAR TIE-GCM: A Community Model of the Coupled Thermosphere/Ionosphere System Liying Qian, Alan G. Burns, Barbara A. Emery, Benjamin Foster, Gang Lu, Astrid Maute, Arthur D. Richmond, Raymond G. Roble, Stanley C. Solomon, and Wenbin Wang 73 The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model and the Nonhydrostatics Processes Yue Deng and Aaron J. Ridley 85 Traveling Atmospheric Disturbance and Gravity Wave Coupling in the Thermosphere L. C. Gardner and R. W. Schunk 101 Air Force Low-Latitude Ionospheric Model in Support of the C/NOFS Mission Yi-Jiun Su, John M. Retterer, Ronald G. Caton, Russell A. Stoneback, Robert F. Pfaff, Patrick A. Roddy, and Keith M. Groves 107 Long-Term Simulations of the Ionosphere Using SAMI3 S. E. Mcdonald, J. L. Lean, J. D. Huba, G. Joyce, J. T. Emmert, and D. P. Drob 119 Section IV: Validation of IT Models Comparative Studies of Theoretical Models in the Equatorial Ionosphere Tzu-Wei Fang, David Anderson, Tim Fuller-Rowell, Rashid Akmaev, Mihail Codrescu, George Millward, Jan Sojka, Ludger Scherliess, Vince Eccles, John Retterer, Joe Huba, Glenn Joyce, Art Richmond, Astrid Maute, Geoff Crowley, Aaron Ridley, and Geeta Vichare 133 Systematic Evaluation of Ionosphere/Thermosphere (IT) Models: CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge (2009–2010) J. S. Shim, M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, D. Bilitza, M. Butala, M. Codrescu, B. A. Emery, B. Foster, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, J. Huba, A. J. Mannucci, X. Pi, A. Ridley, L. Scherliess, R. W. Schunk, J. J. Sojka, P. Stephens, D. C. Thompson, D. Weimer, L. Zhu, D. Anderson, J. L. Chau, and E. Sutton 145 Section V: IT Coupling: Above and Below Aspect of Coupling Processes in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere R. A. Heelis 161 Use of NOGAPS-ALPHA as a Bottom Boundary for the NCAR/TIEGCM David E. Siskind and Douglas P. Drob 171 WACCM-X Simulation of Tidal and Planetary Wave Variability in the Upper Atmosphere H.-L. Liu 181 Inductive-Dynamic Coupling of the Ionosphere With the Thermosphere and the Magnetosphere P. Song and V. M. Vasyliunas 201 Section VI: Equatorial Ionospheric Processes Ionospheric Irregularities: Frontiers D. L. Hysell, H. C. Aveiro, and J. L. Chau 217 Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulations of Equatorial Spread F: Results and Diagnostics in the Peruvian Sector H. C. Aveiro and D. L. Hysell 241 Density and Temperature Structure of Equatorial Spread F Plumes J. Krall and J. D. Huba 251 Low-Latitude Ionosphere and Thermosphere: Decadal Observations From the CHAMP Mission Claudia Stolle and Huixin Liu 259 Section VII: Data Assimilation Upper Atmosphere Data Assimilation With an Ensemble Kalman Filter Tomoko Matsuo 273 Scientific Investigation Using IDA4D and EMPIRE G. S. Bust and S. Datta-Barua 283 Section VIII: Applications Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services Rodney Viereck, Joseph Kunches, Mihail Codrescu, and Robert Steenburgh 299 Model-Based Inversion of Auroral Processes Joshua Semeter and Matthew Zettergren 309 AGU Category Index 323 Index 325

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Book SynopsisThis volume examines the impact of and responses to historic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in the Azores. Study is placed in the contexts of: the history and geography of this fascinating archipelago; progress being made in predicting future events and policies of disaster risk reduction. This is the only volume to consider the earthquake and volcanic histories of the Azores across the whole archipelago and is based, not only on contemporary published research, but also on the detailed study of archival source materials. The authors seek to show how extreme environmental events, as expressed through eruptions, earthquakes and related processes operating in the past may be considered using both complementary scientific and social scientific perspectives in order to reveal the ways in which Azorean society has been shaped by both an isolated location in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean and the ever present threat of environmental uncertainty. Chapter 2, which analyses in dTable of ContentsList of Figures; List of Tables; Preface; Chapter 1: The Azores and the Azoreans; Chapter 2: The Tectonic and Geological Background; Chapter 3: Historical Eruptions and Earthquakes; Chapter 4: Evaluation and Prediction of Hazards; Chapter 5: Coping with Disasters in the Azores; Chapter 6: Conclusion: Developing Policies of Disaster Risk Reduction; Index.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Close Binary Systems provides a comprehensive survey and guide to the fast-moving field of multiple, specifically binary, stars, with an up to date account of research around ''close'', i.e. interacting pairs. Such interactions allow direct quantification of stellar properties, opening up factual insights into basic building blocks of the Universe.The book provides a much needed update for the seminal Close Binary Systems of Zdenek Kopal. Following a comparable plan, it presents relevant subject matter with an emphasis on building a framework of understanding to serve as a supporting resource for students and researchers.   The text starts from a general historical background and progresses into the main theoretical ideas supporting our prima facie interpretation of observations.  The central chapters explore further into these observational methods, arranged according to the classic subdivisions of astrometry, spectroscopy and

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Classical Mechanics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics describes the motions of rigid bodies and shows how classical mechanics has important applications to geophysics, as in the precessions of the earth, oceanic tides, and the retreat of the moon from the earth owing to the tidal friction. Unlike the more general mechanics textbooks this gives a unique presentation of these applications. The coverage of geophysical fluid dynamics has been revised, with a new chapter on various kinds of gravity waves, a new section on geostrophic turbulence, and new material on the Euler angles, the precession and nutation of a Lagrange top, RayleighâBÃnard convection, and the Ekman flow.This textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students outlines and provides links between classical mechanics and geophysical fluid dynamics. It is particularly suitable for geophysics, meteorology, and oceanography students on mechanics and fluid dynamics courses, as well as servTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Kinematics 3. Force and Motion 4. Inertial Force 5. Work and Energy 6. Oscillatory Motion 7. Mechanics of Rigid Bodies 8. Momentum and Impulse 9. Angular Momentum Equation 10. Motion of Rigid Bodies 11. Orbital Motion of Planets 12. Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 13. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part I 14. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part II 15. Phenomena in Geophysical Fluids: Part III Appendices A. Acceleration in Spherical Coordinates B. Vector Analysis C. Useful Constants and Parameters D. Answers to Problems E. Further Reading

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Book SynopsisThis new edition of Classical Mechanics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics describes the motions of rigid bodies and shows how classical mechanics has important applications to geophysics, as in the precessions of the earth, oceanic tides, and the retreat of the moon from the earth owing to the tidal friction. Unlike the more general mechanics textbooks this gives a unique presentation of these applications. The coverage of geophysical fluid dynamics has been revised, with a new chapter on various kinds of gravity waves, a new section on geostrophic turbulence, and new material on the Euler angles, the precession and nutation of a Lagrange top, RayleighâBÃnard convection, and the Ekman flow.This textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students outlines and provides links between classical mechanics and geophysical fluid dynamics. It is particularly suitable for geophysics, meteorology, and oceanography students on mechanics and fluid dynamics courses, as well as serving as a general textbook for a course on geophysical fluid dynamics.

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Book SynopsisTunnel Design Methods covers analytical, numerical, and empirical methods for the design of tunnels in soil and in rock. The material is intended for design engineers looking for detailed methods, for graduate students who are interested in tunnelling, and for researchers working on various aspects of ground-support interaction under static and seismic loading. The book is divided into seven chapters, covering fundamental concepts on ground and support behavior and on ground-excavation-support interaction and provides detailed information on analytical and numerical methods used for the design of tunnels, with applications, and on the latest developments on empirical methods. The principles and formulations included are used, throughout the book, to provide insight into the response of tunnels under both simple and complex loading conditions, thus providing the reader with fundamental understanding of tunnel behavior. Both authors have experience in tunnellingTable of Contents1. Principles of Ground-Structure Interaction. 2. Empirical Methods and Classifications for Rock Tunnels. 3. Direct and Indirect Methods for Soil Tunnels: with Effects on the Surface. 4. Analytical Methods. 5. Numerical Methods. 6. Special Cases. 7. Analysis of Structural Components.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a deep and encompassing survey of severe weather in all its forms. An Introduction to Severe Storms and Hazardous Weather is an exciting new textbook that allows students to learn the principles of atmospheric science through the drama, exhilaration, and even tragedy of severe weather.Balancing breadth and depth, Jeffrey B. Halverson adeptly combines a short, accessible introduction to the basic principles of meteorology with detailed coverage on large- and small-scale weather hazards. He draws on specific up-to-date case studies from North America to illustrate the cause of meteorological events including hurricanes, heavy snow and ice, floods, and tornadoes. Unlike existing books on the market, Halverson delves deep into the societal impacts of these events, drawing on examples from agriculture, utility infrastructure, and commercial aviation. Each chapter also features high-quality, customized color artwork by Thomas D. Rabenhorst that help

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Book SynopsisWritten by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Rapporteur of Weather and Climate Extremes, this book addresses the reality of extreme weatherhow it occurs, how we measure it, and what it means for our future.Weather affects everybody, and with the increasing impact of climate change and the prevalence of storms, droughts and floods, it is clear that we are affecting all aspects of weather. Consequently, people love to talk about weather, complain about it, argue about itand be intrigued by it. Twenty-four/seven coverage of the weather, however, has helped foster a tendency for marked overstatementthe creation of misconceptions, exaggerations and, frankly, even outright lies. Leading expert in weather and climate, Randy Cerveny, draws on his extensive experience with the WMO and personal research to give the reader a behind-the-scenes look at how weather and climate extremes are recorded and defined. He unpacks the science behind these extremes through a number of spec

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the role that Antarctica and the Southern Ocean play as integral parts of the Earth System.While often characterised as the last great wilderness on Earth, Antarctica is intimately connected to the rest of the planet, exerting key influences on all places and all people. It is also vulnerable to global changes, especially those driven by humans. This book examines how Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are connected to the rest of the planet, and what these connections mean for the future of Planet Earth and all its inhabitants. It transcends traditional disciplinary boundaries to explore this role across physical, ecological, political and social systems. Drawing on the latest research findings and thinking, the volume identifies the current leading-order challenges across each of these spheres, highlighting areas where enhanced focus is needed. With the role of Antarctica in the Earth System being one of the most relevant the

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Book SynopsisGeopressure, or pore pressure in subsurface rock formations impacts hydrocarbon resource estimation, drilling, and drilling safety in operations. This book provides a comprehensive overview of geopressure analysis bringing together rock physics, seismic technology, quantitative basin modeling and geomechanics. It provides a fundamental physical and geological basis for understanding geopressure by explaining the coupled mechanical and thermal processes. It also brings together state-of-the-art tools and technologies for analysis and detection of geopressure, along with the associated uncertainty. Prediction and detection of shallow geohazards and gas hydrates is also discussed and field examples are used to illustrate how models can be practically applied. With supplementary MATLAB codes and exercises available online, this is an ideal resource for students, researchers and industry professionals in geoscience and petroleum engineering looking to understand and analyse subsurface formaTrade Review'… the book concludes with chapters on best practices and recent advances. Concepts are well illustrated throughout, and a group of selected color illustrations is provided at the center of the book … Anyone working in the field of petroleum fluid extraction or planning to do so in the future should definitely own a copy of this book. This reviewer would not hesitate to adopt this textbook for use in teaching … Highly recommended.' M. S. Field, Choice MagazineTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Basic pressure concepts and definitions; 2. Basic continuum mechanics and its relevance to geopressure; 3. Mechanisms of geopressure; 4. Quantitative geopressure analysis methods; 5. Seismic methods to predict and detect geopressure; 6. Integrating seismic imaging, rock physics and geopressure; 7. Methods for pore pressure detection: Well logging and drilling parameters; 8. Gravity and EM field methods aiding pore pressure prediction; 9. Geopressure detection and prediction in real-time; 10. Geopressure prediction using basin history modeling; 11. Geohazard prediction and detection; 12. Petroleum geomechanics and the role of geopressure; 13. Guidelines for best practices – geopressure prediction and analysis; 14. Recent advances in geopressure prediction and detection technology and the road ahead; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive, unified treatment of the materials science of deformation as applied to solid Earth geophysics and geology, this textbook is ideal for graduate courses on the rheology and dynamics of solid Earth. It is also a much-needed reference for geoscientists in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, materials science, mineralogy and ceramics.Trade Review'… a welcome addition to textbooks dealing with experimental rock mechanics and its application to natural rock deformation. … provides by far the most comprehensive and authoritative treatment of this field in recent years. … its greatest value lies in the drawing together of traditional topics together with more recent developments such as the thermodynamic aspects of rock deformation and links with whole-Earth geodynamics. This is combined with a clear writing style and excellent illustrations to make this an essential addition to a researcher's bookshelf.' Geological MagazineTable of ContentsPart I. General Background: 1. Stress and strain; 2. Thermodynamics; 3. Phenomenological theory of deformation; Part II. Materials Science of Deformation: 4. Elasticity; 5. Crystalline defects; 6. Experimental techniques in the study of plastic deformation; 7. Brittle fracture, brittle-plastic transition; 8. Diffusional creep; 9. Dislocation creep; 10. Effects of pressure and water; 11. Physical mechanisms of seismic wave attenuation; 12. Deformation of multi-phase materials; 13. Grain size; 14. Lattice preferred orientation; 15. Effects of phase transformations; 16. Stability and localization of deformation; Part III. Geological and Geophysical Applications: 17. Composition and structure of Earth's interior; 18. Time-dependent deformation of Earth and rheological structures; 19. Inference of rheological structure of Earth from mineral physics; 20. Heterogeneity of seismic wave velocities and its geodynamic significance; 21. Seismic anisotropy and its geodynamic significance; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA concise introduction to geophysical data processing - many of the techniques associated with the general field of time series analysis - for advanced students, researchers, and professionals. The textbook begins with calculus before transitioning to discrete time series via the sampling theorem, aliasing, use of complex sinusoids, development of the discrete Fourier transform from the Fourier series, and an overview of linear digital filter types and descriptions. Aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in geophysics, environmental science, and engineering with no previous background in linear algebra, probability, or statistics, this textbook draws scenarios and datasets from across the world of geophysics, and shows how data processing techniques can be applied to real-world problems using detailed examples, illustrations, and exercises (using MATLAB or similar computing environment). Online supplementary resources include datasets for students, and a solutions manual aTrade Review'This is an excellent textbook for a course on signal processing for 3rd-year geophysics students. Wilson does a great job of taking explanations that are often scattered across engineering books and adapting them towards the needs of geophysicists using relevant examples from the field. It has the perfect balance between depth and simplicity for undergraduates.' Daniel Trad, University of Calgary'Wilson's book is an excellent compilation of tools and techniques commonly used by practitioners for analyzing various kinds of data arrays. Although the ideas are presented in the context of geophysics, they can be extended to extract information from geochemical and geobiological datasets with the same finesse. The use of real datasets and easy-to-follow explanations of complex mathematical formulations makes the book a good read.' Priyank Jaiswal, Oklahoma State UniversityTable of ContentsPreface; 1. An Introduction With Geophysical Time Series Examples; 2. Analog Signals and Digital Time Series; 3. Sinusoids and Fourier Series; 4. The Discrete Fourier Transform; 5. Linear Systems and Digital Filters; 6. Convolution and Related Theorems; 7. Least Squares; 8. Linear Filter Design; 9. Least Square and Correlation Filters; 10. Power and Coherence Spectra; Appendix A. Matrices and Vectors; Appendix B. Fourier Transforms of Continuous Functions; Appendix C. Random Variable Concepts and Applications; Appendix D. Further Reading; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe US Antarctic meteorite collection exists due to a cooperative program involving the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Smithsonian Institution. Since 1976, meteorites have been collected by a NSF-funded field team, shipped for curation, characterization, distribution, and storage at NASA, and classified and stored for long term at the Smithsonian. It is the largest collection in the world with many significant samples including lunar, martian, many interesting chondrites and achondrites, and even several unusual one-of-a-kind meteorites from as yet unidentified parent bodies. Many Antarctic meteorites have helped to define new meteorite groups. No previous formal publication has covered the entire collection, and an overall summary of its impact and significant samples has been lacking. In addition, available statistics for the collection are out of date and need to be updated for the use of the community. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites (1976-2011): A Pictorial Guide to the Collection is the first comprehensive volume that portrays the most updatedkey significant meteoritic samples from Antarctica. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites presents a broad overview of the program and collection nearly four decades after its beginnings. The collection has been a consistent and reliable source of astromaterials for a large, diverse, and active scientific community. Volume highlights include: Overview of the history, field practices, curation approachesSpecial focus on specific meteorite types and the impact of the collection on understanding these groups (primitive chondrites, differentiated meteorites, lunar and martian meteorites)Role of Antarctic meteorites in influencing the determination of space and terrestrial exposure ages for meteoritesStatistical summary of the collection by year, region, meteorite type, as well as a comparison to modern falls and hot desert findsThe central portion of the book features 80 color plates each of which highlights more influential and interesting samples from the collection. 35 seasons of U.S. Antarctic Meteorites would be of special interest to a multidisciplinary audience in meteoritics, including advanced graduate students and geoscientists specializing in mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, astronomy, near-earth object science, astrophysics, and astrobiology.Table of ContentsPreface v Contributors vii 1 The Origin and Early History of the U.S. Antarctic Search for Meteorites Program (ANSMET) 1Ursula B. Marvin 2 Fieldwork Methods of the U.S. Antarctic Search for Meteorites Program 23Ralph P. Harvey, John Schutt, and Jim Karner 3 Curation and Allocation of Samples in the U.S. Antarctic Meteorite Collection 43Kevin Righter, Cecilia E. Satterwhite, Kathleen M. McBride, Catherine M. Corrigan, and Linda C. Welzenbach Pictorial Guide to Selected Meteorites 4 Primitive Asteroids: Expanding the Range of Known Primitive Materials 65Michael K. Weisberg and Kevin Righter 5 Achondrites and Irons: Products of Magmatism on Strongly Heated Asteroids 79David W. Mittlefehldt and Timothy J. McCoy 6 ANSMET Meteorites from the Moon 101Randy L. Korotev and Ryan A. Zeigler 7 Meteorites from Mars, via Antarctica 131Harry Y. McSween, Jr., Ralph P. Harvey, and Catherine M. Corrigan 8 Meteorite Misfits: Fuzzy Clues to Solar System Processes 145Timothy J. McCoy 9 Cosmogenic Nuclides in Antarctic Meteorites 153Gregory F. Herzog, Marc W. Caffee, and A. J. Timothy Jull 10 A Statistical Look at the U.S. Antarctic Meteorite Collection 173Catherine M. Corrigan, Linda C. Welzenbach, Kevin Righter, Kathleen M. McBride, Timothy J. McCoy, Ralph P. Harvey, and Cecilia E. Satterwhite Index 189

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Book SynopsisModeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Simulations provides a broad overview of recent progress in using laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to model atmospheric and oceanic fluid motions. This volume not only surveys novel research topics in laboratory experimentation, but also highlights recent developments in the corresponding computational simulations. As computing power grows exponentially and better numerical codes are developed, the interplay between numerical simulations and laboratory experiments is gaining paramount importance within the scientific community. The lessons learnt from the laboratorymodel comparisons in this volume will act as a source of inspiration for the next generation of experiments and simulations. Volume highlights include: Topics pertaining to atmospheric science, climate physics, physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics Overview of the most advaTable of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Simulations of Natural Flows in the Laboratory and on a Computer 1 Paul F Linden Section I: Baroclinic-Driven Flows 1 General Circulation of Planetary Atmospheres: Insights from Rotating Annulus and Related Experiments 9 Peter L Read, Edgar P Pérez, Irene M Moroz, and Roland M B Young 2 Primary Flow Transitions in the Baroclinic Annulus: Prandtl Number Effects 45 Gregory M Lewis, Nicolas Périnet, and Lennaert van Veen 3 Amplitude Vacillation in Baroclinic Flows 61 Wolf-Gerrit Früh Section II: Balanced and Unbalanced Flows 4 Rotation Effects on Wall-Bounded Flows: Some Laboratory Experiments 85 P Henrik Alfredsson and Rebecca J Lingwood 5 Altimetry in a GFD Laboratory and Flows on the Polar β-Plane 101 Yakov D Afanasyev 6 Instabilities of Shallow-Water Flows with Vertical Shear in the Rotating Annulus 119 Jonathan Gula and Vladimir Zeitlin 7 Laboratory Experiments on Flows Over Bottom Topography 139 Luis Zavala Sansón and Gert-Jan van Heijst 8 Direct Numerical Simulations of Laboratory-Scale Stratified Turbulence 159 Michael LWaite Section III: Atmospheric Flows 9 Numerical Simulation (DNS, LES) of Geophysical Laboratory Experiments: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) Analogue and Simulations Toward Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) Analogue 179 Nils PWedi 10 Internal Waves in Laboratory Experiments 193 Bruce Sutherland, Thierry Dauxois, and Thomas Peacock 11 Frontal Instabilities at Density–Shear Interfaces in Rotating Two-Layer Stratified Fluids 213 Hélène Scolan, Roberto Verzicco, and Jan-Bert Flór Section IV: Oceanic Flows 12 Large-Amplitude Coastal Shelf Waves 231 Andrew L Stewart, Paul J Dellar, and Edward R Johnson 13 Laboratory Experiments With Abrupt Thermohaline Transitions and Oscillations 255 John A Whitehead 14 Oceanic Island Wake Flows in the Laboratory 265 Alexandre Stegner Section V: Advances in Methodology 15 Lagrangian Methods in Experimental Fluid Mechanics 279 Mickael Bourgoin, Jean-François Pinton, and Romain Volk 16 A High-Resolution Method for Direct Numerical Simulation of Instabilities and Transitions in a Baroclinic Cavity 297 Anthony Randriamampianina and Emilia Crespo del Arco 17 Orthogonal Decomposition Methods to Analyze PIV, LDV, and Thermography Data of Thermally Driven Rotating Annulus Laboratory Experiments 315 Uwe Harlander, Thomas von Larcher, Grady BWright, Michael Hoff, Kiril Alexandrov, and Christoph Egbers Index 337

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Book SynopsisDespite of many years of studies, predicting fluid flow, heat, and chemical transport in fractured-porous media remains a challenge for scientists and engineers worldwide. This monograph is the third in a series on the dynamics of fluids and transport in fractured rock published by the American Geophysical Union (Geophysical Monograph Series, Vol. 162, 2005; and Geophysical Monograph, No. 122, 2000). This monograph is dedicated to the late Dr. Paul Witherspoon for his seminal influence on the development of ideas and methodologies and the birth of contemporary fractured rock hydrogeology, including such fundamental and applied problems as environmental remediation; exploitation of oil, gas, and geothermal resources; disposal of spent nuclear fuel; and geotechnical engineering. This monograph addresses fundamental and applied scientific questions and is intended to assist scientists and practitioners bridge gaps in the current scientific knowledge in the areas of theoretical fluids dTrade Review"The topics are covered at a high level, with sufficient references to allow the reader to delve further into the subjects. The level is basic enough, meaning that while the practicing geophysicist will not benefit from the seismic characterization and microseismic chapters, the chapters on drilling and completions and other typically non-geophysical topics are very informative, making this volume a handy reference for any geophysicist involved with unconventionals and wanting to become more familiar with its engineering aspects" Dimitri Bevc, Houston, Texas on behalf of SEG’s The Leading EdgeTable of ContentsContributors vii Preface ix Introduction: Paul Witherspoon and the Birth of Contemporary Fractured Rock HydrogeologyR. Allan Freeze, Iraj Javandel, and Shlomo P. Neuman 1 1 A Complex Systems Approach to Describing Flow and Transport in Fractured-Porous MediaBoris Faybishenko, Sally M. Benson, John E. Gale, and Fred Molz 5 Part I: Methods of Field Measurements and Experiments 2 Fracture Flow and Underground Research Laboratories for Nuclear Waste Disposal and Physics ExperimentsJoseph S. Y. Wang and John A. Hudson 21 3 Permeability Structure of a Strike-Slip FaultKenzi Karasaki, Celia T. Onishi, and Junichi Goto 43 4 Feasibility of Long-Term Passive Monitoring of Deep Hydrogeology with Flowing Fluid Electric Conductivity Logging MethodPrabhakar Sharma, Chin-Fu Tsang, Christine Doughty, Auli Niemi, and Jacob Bensabat 53 Part II: Collective Behavior and Emergent Properties of Complex Fractured Rock Systems 5 Particle Swarms in FracturesEric Boomsma and Laura J. Pyrak-Nolte 65 6 The Effect of Chemical Osmosis on Oil and Gas Production from Fractured Shale FormationsPerapon Fakcharoenphol, Basak Kurtoglu, Hossein Kazemi, Sarinya Charoenwongsa, and Yu-Shu Wu 85 7 An Experimental Investigation of Stress-Dependent Permeability and Permeability Hysteresis Behavior in Rock FracturesDa Huo and Sally M. Benson 99 8 Permeability of Partially Cemented FracturesMichael C. Tsenn 115 9 An Emergent Conductivity Relationship for Water Flow Based on Minimized Energy Dissipation: From Landscapes to Unsaturated SoilsHui-Hai Liu 129 10 Comparison of Simulated Flow in a Discrete Fracture Laboratory Sample Based on Measured Average and Spatially Varying Hydraulic ConductivityEunjeong Seok and John E. Gale 137 Part III: Connection to the Surrounding Environment 11 Fractures as Advective Conduits at the Earth-Atmosphere InterfaceMaria Inés Dragila, Uri Nachshon, and Noam Weisbrod 161 12 Quantifying Water Flow and Retention in an Unsaturated Fracture-Facial DomainJohn R. Nimmo and Siamak Malek-Mohammadi 169 Part IV: Multidisciplinary Research for Different Applications 13 Plutonium Transport in Soil and Plants: An Interdisciplinary Study Motivated by Lysimeter Experiments at the Savannah River SiteFred Molz, Inci Demirkanli, Shannon Thompson, Dan Kaplan, and Brian Powell 183 14 Experimental and Modeling Studies of Episodic Air-Water Two-Phase Flow in Fractures and Fracture NetworksThomas Wood and Hai Huang 209 15 Simulation of THM Processes in Fractured ReservoirsPhilip H. Winterfeld and Yu-Shu Wu 229 Index 243

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Book SynopsisGeological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids.Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrityoffers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caTrade ReviewGeological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity, edited by Stéphanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J. William Carey, ISBN 978-1-119-11864-0, 2018, American Geophysical Union and Wiley, 364 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook). This volume is a part of the AGU/Wiley Geophysical Monograph Series. The editors assembled an international team of earth scientists who present a comprehensive approach to the major problem of placing unwanted and/or hazardous fluids beneath a cap rock seal to be impounded. The compact and informative preface depicts the nature of cap rocks and the problems that may occur over time or with a change in the formation of the cap rock. I have excerpted a quote from the preface that describes the scope of the volume in a concise and thorough matter. "Caprocks can be defined as a rock that prevents the flow of a given fluid at certain temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions.... A fundamental understanding of these units and of their evolution over time in the context of subsurface carbon storage is still lacking." This volume describes the scope of current research being conducted on a global scale, with 31 of the 83 authors working outside of the United States. The studies vary but can be generalized as monitoring techniques for cap rock integrity and the consequence of the loss of that integrity. The preface ends by calling out important problems that remain to be answered. These include imaging cap rocks in situ, detecting subsurface leaks before they reach the surface, and remotely examining the state of the cap rock to avert any problems. Chapter 3 describes how newer methods are used to classify shale. These advanced techniques reveal previously unknown microscopic properties that complicate classification. This is an example of the more we know, the more we don't know. A sedimentologic study of the formation of shale (by far the major sedimentary rock and an important rock type) is described in Chapter 4. The authors use diagrammatic examples to illustrate how cap rocks may fail through imperfect seal between the drill and wall rock, capillary action, or a structural defect (fault). Also, the shale pore structures vary in size, and this affects the reservoir. There are descriptions of the pore structure in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales and several others. Pore structures are analyzed using state-of-the-art ultra-small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering. They determine that the overall porosity decreases nonlinearly with time. There are examples of cap rock performance under an array of diagnostic laboratory analyses and geologic field examples (e.g., Marcellus Formation). The importance of the sequestration of CO2 and other contaminants highlights the significance of this volume. The previous and following chapters illuminate the life history of the lithologic reservoir seal. I would like to call out Chapter 14 in which the authors illustrate the various mechanisms by which a seal can fail and Chapter 15 in which the authors address the general problems of the effect of CO2 sequestration on the environment. They establish a field test, consisting of a trailer and large tank of fluids with numerous monitoring instruments to replicate the effect of a controlled release of CO2-saturated water into a shallow aquifer. This chapter's extensive list of references will be of interest to petroleum engineers, rock mechanics, and environmentalists. The authors of this volume present a broad view of the underground storage of CO2. Nuclear waste and hydrocarbons are also considered for underground storage. There are laboratory, field, and in situ studies covering nearly all aspects of this problem. I cannot remember a study in which so many different earth science resources were applied to a single problem. The span of subjects varies from traditional geochemical analysis with the standard and latest methods in infrared and X-ray techniques, chemical and petroleum engineering, sedimentary mineralogy, hydrology, and geomechanical studies. This volume is essential to anyone working in this field as it brings several disciplines together to produce a comprehensive study of carbon sequestration. While the volume is well illustrated, there is a lack of color figures. Each chapter should have at least two color figures, or there should be several pages of color figures bound in the center of the volume. Many of the figures would be more meaningful if they had been rendered in color. Also, the acronyms are defined in the individual chapters, but it would be helpful to have a list of acronyms after the extensive index. I recommend this monograph to all earth scientists but especially petroleum engineers, structural geologists, mineralogists, and environmental scientists. Since these chapters cover a broad range of studies, it would be best if the reader has a broad background.—Patrick Taylor, Davidsonville, Maryland Table of ContentsContributors vii Preface xi Part I: Caprock Characterization 1. Microstructural, Geomechanical, and Petrophysical Characterization of Shale Caprocks 3David N. Dewhurst, Claudio Delle Piane, Lionel Esteban, Joel Sarout, Matthew Josh,Marina Pervukhina, and M. Ben Clennell 2. Transport in Tight Rocks 31Marc Fleury and Etienne Brosse 3. Pore‐to‐Core Characterization of Shale Multiphysics 45Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, Hongkyu Yoon, Mathew Ingraham, Joseph Grigg, Peter Mozley, Enrico Quintana, and Zuleima Karpyn 4. Analysis of the Pore Structures of Shale Using Neutron and X‐Ray Small Angle Scattering 71Lawrence M. Anovitz and David R. Cole Part II: Fracture Generation, Permeability, and Geochemical Reactions in Damaged Shale 5. Fracture Initiation, Propagation, and Permeability Evolution 121Russell L. Detwiler and Joseph P. Morris 6. Effect of Fracture Density on Effective Permeability of Matrix‐Fracture System in Shale Formations 137Li Chen, Jeffrey De’Haven Hyman, Zhou Lei, Ting Min, Qinjun Kang, Esteban Rougier, and Hari Viswanathan 7. Gas‐Water‐Mineral Reactivity in Caprocks: Measurements, Estimates, and Observations 147Julie K. Pearce and Grant K.W. Dawson 8. Fluid‐Rock Interactions in Clay‐Rich Seals: Impact on Transport and Mechanical Properties 167Elin Skurtveit, Rohaldin Miri, and Helge Hellevang 9. Coupled Processes in a Fractured Reactive System: A Dolomite Dissolution Study with Relevance to GCS Caprock Integrity 187Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, Marco Voltolini, Sergi Molins, and Li Yang 10. Leakage Processes in Damaged Shale: In Situ Measurements of Permeability, CO2 Sorption Behavior, and Acoustic PropertiesJ. William Carey, Ronny Pini, Manika Prasad, Luke P. Frash, and Sanyog Kumar 207 Part III: Monitoring Caprock Failure 11. In‐Zone and Above‐Zone Pressure Monitoring Methods for CO2 Geologic Storage 227Seyyed A. Hosseini, Mahmood Shakiba, Alexander Sun, and Susan Hovorka 12. Monitoring and Modeling Caprock Integrity at the In Salah Carbon Dioxide Storage Site, Algeria 243Donald W. Vasco, Robert C. Bissell, Bahman Bohloli, Thomas M. Daley, Alessandro Ferretti, William Foxall, Bettina P. Goertz‐Allmann, Valeri Korneev, Joseph P. Morris, Volker Oye, Abe Ramirez, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Alessio Rucci, Jonny Rutqvist, Josh White, and Rui Zhang 13. Evaluation of Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) as Tracers for CO2 Containment and Migration Monitoring 271Matthew Myers and Cameron White Part IV: Environmental Impacts and Remediation Techniques 14. Migration and Leakage of CO2 from Deep Geological Storage Sites 285Andreas Busch and Niko Kampman 15. A Review of Studies Examining the Potential for Groundwater Contamination from CO2 Sequestration 305Charuleka Varadharajan, Ruth M. Tinnacher, Robert C. Trautz, Liange Zheng, Baptiste Dafflon, Yuxin Wu, Matthew T. Reagan, Jens T. Birkholzer, and J. William Carey 16. Review of CO2 Leakage Mitigation and Remediation Technologies 327Cesar A. Castaneda‐Herrera, Geoffrey W. Stevens, and Ralf R. Haese Index 339

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Book SynopsisAn examination of ancient and contemporary submarine landslides and their impact Landslides are common in every subaqueous geodynamic context, from passive and active continental margins to oceanic and continental intraplate settings. They pose significant threats to both offshore and coastal areas due to their frequency, dimensions, and terminal velocity, capacity to travel great distances, and ability to generate potentially destructive tsunamis. Submarine Landslides: Subaqueous Mass Transport Deposits from Outcrops to Seismic Profiles examines the mechanisms, characteristics, and impacts of submarine landslides. Volume highlights include: Use of different methodological approaches, from geophysics to field-based geologyData on submarine landslide deposits at various scalesWorldwide collection of case studies from on- and off-shorePotential risks to human society and infrastructureImpacts on the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphereTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv Part I: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts 1. Submarine Landslide Deposits in Orogenic Belts: Olistostromes and Sedimentary Melanges 3Kei Ogata, Andrea Festa, Gian Andrea Pini, and Juan Luis Alonso 2. Mass-Transport Deposits in the Foredeep Basin of the Miocene Cervarola Sandstones Formation (Northern Apennines, Italy) 27Alberto Piazza and Roberto Tinterri 3. Late Miocene Olistostrome in the Makran Accretionary Wedge (Baluchistan, SE Iran): A Short Review 45Jean‐Pierre Burg 4. Spatial Distribution of Mass-Transport Deposits Deduced From High‐Resolution Stratigraphy: The Pleistocene Forearc Basin (Boso Peninsula, Central Japan) 57Masayuki Utsunomiya and Yuzuru Yamamoto 5. Mass‐Transport Deposits as Markers of Local Tectonism in Extensional Basins 71Tiago M. Alves and Davide Gamboa 6. Block Generation, Deformation, and Interaction of Mass-Transport Deposits with the Seafloor: An Outcrop‐Based Study of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin (Cerro Bola, NW Argentina) 91Matheus S. Sobiesiak, Victoria Valdez Buso, Ben Kneller, G. Ian Alsop, and Juan Pablo Milana 7. The Carboniferous MTD Complex at La Pena Canyon, Paganzo Basin (San Juan, Argentina) 105Victoria Valdez Buso, Juan Pablo Milana, Matheus S. Sobiesiak, and Ben Kneller 8. Mass-Transport Complexes of the Marnoso‐arenacea Foredeep Turbidite System (Northern Apennines, Italy): A Reappraisal After Twenty‐Years 117Gian Andrea Pini, Claudio Corrado Lucente, Sonia Venturi, and Kei Ogata 9. Fold and Thrust Systems in Mass‐Transport Deposits Around the Dead Sea Basin 139G.Ian Alsop, Rami Weinberger, Shmuel Marco, and Tsafrir Levi 10. Eocene Mass-Transport Deposits in the Basque Basin (Western Pyrenees, Spain): Insights Into Mass‐Flow Transformation and Bulldozing Processes 155Aitor Payros and Victoriano Pujalte 11. Neogene and Quaternary Mass-Transport Deposits From the Northern Taranaki Basin (North Island, New Zealand): Morphologies, Transportation Processes, and Depositional Controls 171Suzanne Bull, Malcolm Arnot, Greg Browne, Martin Crundwell, Andy Nicol, and Lorna Strachan Part II: Submarine Landslide Deposits in Current Active and Passive Margins 12. Modern Submarine Landslide Complexes: A Short Review 183Katrin Huhn, Marcos Arroyo, Antonio Cattaneo, Mike A. Clare, Eulàlia Gràcia, Carl B. Harbitz, Sebastian Krastel, Achim Kopf, Finn Løvholt, Marzia Rovere, Michael Strasser, Peter J. Talling, and Roger Urgeles 13. An Atlas of Mass‐Transport Deposits in Lakes 201Maddalena Sammartini, Jasper Moernaut, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Michael Hilbe, Katja Lindhorst, Nore Praet, and Michael Strasser 14. Style and Morphometry of Mass-Transport Deposits Across the Espirito Santo Basin (Offshore SE Brazil) 227Davide Gamboa, Tiago M. Alves, and Kamaldeen Olakunle Omosanya 15. Submarine Landslides on the Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism (Offshore Central Japan) 247Gregory F. Moore, Jason K. Lackey, Michael Strasser, and Mikiya Yamashita 16. Seismic Examples of Composite Slope Failures (Offshore North West Shelf, Australia) 261Nicola Scarselli, Ken McClay, and Chris Elders 17. Submarine Landslides Around Volcanic Islands: A Review of What Can Be Learned From the Lesser Antilles Arc 277Anne Le Friant, Elodie Lebas, Morgane Brunet, Sara Lafuerza, Matt Hornbach, Maya Coussens, Sebastian Watt, Michael Cassidy, Peter J. Talling, and IODP 340 Expedition Science Party 18. Submarine Landslides in an Upwelling System: Climatically Controlled Preconditioning of the Cap Blanc Slide Complex (Offshore NW Africa) 299Morelia Urlaub, Sebastian Krastel, and Tilmann Schwenk 19. Submarine Landslides Along the Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Margin of the Great Barrier Reef (Offshore Australia) 313Ángel Puga‐Bernabéu, Jody Michael Webster, Robin Jordan Beaman, Amanda Thran, Javier Lopez‐Cabrera, Gustavo Hinestrosa, and James Daniell 20. Submarine Landslides on the Seafloor: Hints on Subaqueous Mass‐Transport Processes From the Italian Continental Margins (Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas, Offshore Italy) 339Fabiano Gamberi, Giacomo Dalla Valle, Federica Foglini, Marzia Rovere, and Fabio Trincardi Index 357

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Book SynopsisThis is the third volume of the five-volume book series âœEngineering Tools for Environmental Risk Managementâ. The book series deals with the following topics:â Environmental deterioration and pollution, management of environmental problemsâ Environmental toxicology â a tool for managing chemical substances and contaminated environmentâ Assessment and monitoring tools, risk assessmentâ Risk reduction measures and technologiesâ Case studies for demonstration of the application of engineering toolsThe authors aim to describe interactions and options in risk management by providing a broad scientific overview of the environment, its human uses and the associated local, regional and global environmental problems; interpreting the holistic approach used in solving environmental protection issues; striking a balance between natureâs needs and engineering capabilities; understanding interactions between regulation, management and engineering; obtaining informTable of ContentsIntegrated and efficient characteriaation of contaminated sitesMonitoring and early warning in environmental managementIn situ and real-time measurements in water monitoringIn situ and real-time measurements for effective soil and contaminated site managementDynamic site characterization for brownfield risk managementEnvironmental geochemistry modeling: Methods and applicationsPotential of cyclodextrins in risk assessment and monitoring of organic contaminants

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Book SynopsisAlthough upwards of 50,000 environmental assessments (EAs) are prepared annuallycompared to some 500 environmental impact statements (EISs)the focus of U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulations is on defining requirements for preparing EISs. Written by Charles Eccleston and J. Peyton Doub, who have established themselves among the top environmental experts in the world, Preparing NEPA Environmental Assessments: A User's Guide to Best Professional Practices fills the need for an authoritative and comprehensive guide on how to prepare EAs.Bridging the regulatory gap, this book identifies relevant EIS regulatory requirements that can be logically interpreted to also apply to EAs. It compiles and synthesizes information scattered throughout NEPA's regulations, executive orders, and guidance documents, and incorporates case law to provide additional clarification. The authors also draw on the professional experiences and best profeTrade ReviewPraise for the previous book, Effective Environmental Assessments: How to Manage and Write NEPA Assessments (CRC Press, 2001):"Mr. Eccleston has written a most thorough guide to managing and preparing EAs that puts NEPA back into its original perspective—a planning and decision-making tool … comprehensively covers the EA process … provides practical guidance for effectively preparing an analysis …"—Mr. Russell W. Peterson, Former Governor of Delaware and Former Chairman of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ)"NEPA is the cornerstone of our environmental statutory structure and provides a strategic look for long-range planning. By explaining the environmental assessment process in a scholarly, yet easily understandable way, Charles Eccleston has performed an enormous service for all who care about the protection of our country's—and indeed the world's—environment."—Michael R. Deland, Former Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality"Charles Eccleston has performed a real service in authoring Effective Environmental Assessments: How to Manage and Write NEPA Assessments. The book fills a void and concentrates on environmental assessments, a critical but underemphasized part of the NEPA process. It is, furthermore, both useful and user-friendly."—Nicholas C. Yost, Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal, former General Counsel of the CEQ charged with responsibility for writing the 1978 CEQ NEPA RegulationsTable of ContentsThe NEPA Environmental Assessment Process: Overview and Historical Development of NEPA. General Concepts and Requirements. NEPA and Environmental Impact Analysis. The Threshold Question: Determining Whether an EA or an EIS is Required. The Environmental Assessment Process. The Environmental Impact Assessment. Writing the Environmental Assessment. Assessing Significance. The Finding of No Significant Impacts. NEPA Case Law and Non-NEPA Environmental Assessment Documents: An Overview of NEPA Law and Litigation. Specialized Non-NEPA Environmental Assessment Documents. Summary. Index.

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