Description
Book SynopsisGlacially triggered faulting describes movement of pre-existing faults caused by a combination of tectonic and glacially induced isostatic stresses. The most impressive fault-scarps are found in northern Europe, assumed to be reactivated at the end of the deglaciation. This view has been challenged as new faults have been discovered globally with advanced techniques such as LiDAR, and fault activity dating has shown several phases of reactivation thousands of years after deglaciation ended. This book summarizes the current state-of-the-art research in glacially triggered faulting, discussing the theoretical aspects that explain the presence of glacially induced structures and reviews the geological, geophysical, geodetic and geomorphological investigation methods. Written by a team of international experts, it provides the first global overview of confirmed and proposed glacially induced faults, and provides an outline for modelling these stresses and features. It is a go-to reference for geoscientists and engineers interested in ice sheet-solid Earth interaction.
Table of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Glacially-Triggered Faulting – A Historical Overview and Recent Developments H. Steffen, O. Olesen and R. Sutinen; 2. Geomechanics of Glacially-Triggered Faulting R. Steffen, P. Wu and B. Lund; Part II. Methods and Techniques for Fault Identification and Dating: 3. Earthquake-Induced Landforms in the Context of Ice-Sheet Loading and Unloading P. B. E. Sandersen and R. Sutinen; 4. The Challenge to Distinguish Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures (SSDS) Formed by Glaciotectonic, Periglacial and Seismic Processes in a Formerly Glaciated Area: A Review and Synthesis K. Müller, J. Winsemann, M. Pisarska-Jamroży, T. Lege, T. Spies, and C. Brandes; 5. Glacially Induced Fault Identification with LiDAR, Based on Examples from Finland J.-P. Palmu, A. Ojala, J. Mattila, M. Markovaara-Koivisto, T. Ruskeeniemi, R. Sutinen, T. Bauer and M. Keiding; 6. Fault Identification from Seismology N. Gestermann and T. Plenefisch; 7. Imaging and Characterization of Glacially Induced Faults Using Applied Geophysics R. Beckel, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir and O. Ahmadi; 8. Dating of Postglacial Faults in Fennoscandia C. A. Smith, A. Ojala, S. Grigull and H. Mikko; 9. Proposed Drilling into Postglacial Faults: The Pärvie Fault System M. Ask, I. Kukkonen, O. Olesen, B. Lund, Å. Fagereng, J. Rutqvist, J.-E. Rosberg and H. Lorenz; Part III. Glacially Triggered Faulting in the Fennoscandian Shield: 10. Seismicity and Sources of Stress in Fennoscandia S. Gregersen, C. Lindholm, A. Korja, B. Lund, M. Uski, K. Oinonen, P. H. Voss and M. Keiding; 11. Postglacial Faulting in Norway: Large Magnitude Earthquakes of the Late Holocene Age O. Olesen, L. Olsen, S. Gibbons, B. O. Ruud, F. Høgaas, T. A. Johansen and T. Kværna; 12. Glacially Induced Faults in Sweden: The Rise and Reassessment of the Single-Rupture Hypothesis C. A. Smith, H. Mikko and S. Grigull; 13. Glacially Induced Faults in Finland R. Sutinen, E. Hyvönen, M. Markovaara-Koivisto, M. Middleton, A. Ojala, J.-P. Palmu, T. Ruskeeniemi and J. Mattila; 14. Late- and Postglacial Faults in the Russian Part of the Fennoscandian Shield S. Nikolaeva, A. Nikonov and S. Shvarev; Part IV. Glacially Triggered Faulting at the Edge and in the Periphery of the Fennoscandian Sheild: 15. Late– and Postglacial Faulting in Denmark P. B. E. Sandersen, S. Gregersen and P. Voss; 16. Glacially Induced Faults in Germany K. Müller, J. Winsemann, D. Tanner, T. Lege, T. Spies and C. Brandes; 17. Glacially Induced Faulting in Poland M. Pisarska-Jamroży, P. P. Wozniak and T. van Loon; 18. Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures in the Eastern Baltic Region: Implication in Seismicity and Glacially Triggered Faulting A. Bitinas, J. Lazauskienė and M. Pisarska-Jamroży; Part V. Glacially Triggered Faulting Outside Europe: 19. The Search for Glacially Induced Faults in Eastern Canada J. Adams and G. Brooks; 20. Glacially Induced Faulting in Alaska J. Sauber, C. Rollins, J. T. Freymueller and N. A. Ruppert; 21. Indications on Glacially Triggered Faulting in Polar Areas H. Steffen and R. Steffen; Part VI. Modelling of Glacially Induced Faults and Stress: 22. Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Models for Earthquake Triggering P. Wu, R. Steffen, H. Steffen and B. Lund; 23. Crustal-Scale Stress Modelling to Investigate Glacially Triggered Faulting S. Gradmann and R. Steffen; Part VII. Outlook: 24. Future Research on Glacially Triggered Faulting and Intraplate Seismicity O. Olesen, H. Steffen and R. Sutinen
